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Journal articles on the topic 'Number of openings'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Badarloo, Baitollah, and Faezeh Jafari. "A Numerical Study on the Effect of Position and Number of Openings on the Performance of Composite Steel Shear Walls." Buildings 8, no. 9 (2018): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings8090121.

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Use of composite steel shear walls (CSSW) in earthquake-resistant structures has grown in recent years. However, no thorough information exists on their performance, especially in cases where openings are present. In the present study, in order to first validate the analysis method, ABAQUS was used to model the studied composite shear wall with gap at UC-Berkeley, according to the results of which, a good agreement between the experimental and analytical models was observed. Then, the effect of the position and number of the openings on the performance of the walls was addressed. To this end,

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2

Waleed Kh. Hadi and May J. Hamoodi. "Experimental Study on Composite Beams with Circular Web Openings." University of Thi-Qar Journal for Engineering Sciences 5, no. 1 (2014): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31663/utjes.v5i1.611.

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The behavior of composite beams with circular web openings is described. Four composite beams comprising one control beam were tested. The perforated beams have six circular openings with various locations. Opening size was fixed (66.7% of the steel section web depth) while number of openings in each composite beam was varied. Deflections at midspan and at openings were observed. Cracking of concrete slab and behavior of each opening were explained in detail. Tests indicated that circular web opening reduced the strength of composite beams. The behavior of composite beams relatively unaffected

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3

Meyoof, Tareq R., Amer F. Izzet, and Majid M. Kharnoob. "Performance of reinforced concrete non-prismatic beams having multiple openings configurations." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials 31, no. 1 (2022): 381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2022-0043.

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Abstract This experimental study demonstrates the gable-reinforced concrete beams’ behavior with several number of openings (six and eight) and posts’ inclination, aimed to find the strength reduction in this type of beam. The major results found are: for the openings extending over similar beam length it is better to increase the number of posts (openings), i.e., increasing opening number led to decrease in opening area, which allows us to transmit stresses and act as lever arms between the upper and the lower chords. Also, findings revealed that the inclined posts have larger loading at the

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4

Ali, Hasan Hussein, and Abdul Muttailb I. Said. "Flexural behavior of concrete beams with horizontal and vertical openings reinforced by glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials 31, no. 1 (2022): 407–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2022-0045.

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Abstract This study conducted an analytical investigation on the behavior of concrete beams with openings reinforced by glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars. In this study, five proposed beams reinforced by GFRP bars as flexural and shear reinforcement with openings were numerically examined. The variables were the opening orientation (vertical and horizontal) and the number of openings. These openings were located within the flexural zone of the proposed beams. The result shows that the vertical openings had a significant effect over the horizontal openings on reducing the ultimate load

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5

Nie, Xuefei, Shishun Zhang, Zeyu Gao, and Zhuo Zeng. "A review on the behaviour of reinforced concrete beams with fibre-reinforced polymer-strengthened web openings." Advances in Structural Engineering 25, no. 2 (2021): 426–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13694332211046344.

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Web openings often need to be created in reinforced concrete (RC) beams for the passages of utility ducts and/or pipes. Such web openings reduce the cross-section area of the beam in the affected region, leading to decrease in its load-carrying capacity and stiffness. Therefore, a fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP)-strengthening system generally needs to be applied around the web opening to ensure the safety of the weakened beam. A number of studies have been conducted by researchers all over the world to examine the behaviour of RC beams with FRP-strengthened web opening/web openings, and plenty

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6

AlJallad, Sadjad Amir, and Haitham Al-Thairy. "EFFECT OF WEB OPENING ON THE AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY OF STEEL COLUMNS WITH COLD FORMED THIN WALLED SECTION (CFS)." Kufa Journal of Engineering 7, no. 3 (2016): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30572/2018/kje/731200.

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In this paper, an experimental study has been presented to investigate the effects of web opening on the behavior and failure of steel columns with cold formed thin walled sections (CFS) subjected to axial compressive load. Twenty small scale steel columns with cold formed box and channel sections and a total length of 500 mm have been considered in the experimental tests. Ten of the tested steel columns specimens have a box section with dimensions of (100×100×2) mm (height × width× thickness), and the other ten columns specimens have a channel sections with dimensions of (100×50×2) mm (height

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7

Doshi, Akash, and Rebecca Shadowen. "Opening Doors in the Operating Rooms: An Intervention and Outcome Study." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (2020): s336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.943.

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Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality with an estimated cost of $3–10 billion annually in the United States. Laminar air flow in the operating room (OR) is 1 factor in reducing SSIs. Opening the OR door results in interruption of laminar air flow. As a part of annual infection prevention evaluation of our facility, we observed cases in the OR in which we identified excessive unnecessary door openings during surgical cases. We report an intervention in door openings in the OR and the effect on infection rate after surgery. Methods: We conducted

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8

Jarallah, Husain Khalaf, and Nidaa Qassim Jassim. "Ductility Improvement of R.C Beams with Large Web opening by using Reactive Powder Concrete Layers." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 25, no. 3 (2018): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.25.3.06.

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In this investigation the effect of large web opening on the on the behaver of beams made by normal concrete (NC) and reactive powder concrete (RPC) have been studied. The experimental work consists of casting and testing in flexure 12 rectangular simply supported reinforced concrete beams. The main parameters of this test are opening locations and normal concrete and RPC location with is the section. The ultimate loads, cracking loads, load -deflection behavior, skew of the openings (deflection at the two opposite corners of openings) and ductility were discussed. These results showed that in

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9

Ali, Hasan Hussein, and Abdulmuttailb I. Said. "Experimental Study on the Performance of Concrete Beams Including Holes Reinforced with Glass Fiber Polymer." E3S Web of Conferences 427 (2023): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342702010.

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This paper carried out An examination of the performance characteristics of concrete beams including openings that were reinforced with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) bars. This investigation studied five reinforced concrete (RC) beams with both longitudinal and transverse GFRP reinforcement with openings in two directions (horizontal and vertical) were studied. Both the orientation of the openings and the number of openings were considered to be the main parameters in this research. These holes are located in the beams' flexural region. The results demonstrate that relative to the refe

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10

Colleu, T., and S. Benitez. "RAY-BASED DETECTION OF OPENINGS IN URBAN AREAS USING MOBILE LIDAR DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B3 (June 9, 2016): 591–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b3-591-2016.

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The detection of openings like windows or doors is of great interest in the field of urban modeling. Mobile LIDAR data provides valuable 3D information for that purpose. There are generally two main problems: The estimation of wall’s surface, and the distinction between opening areas and occluded areas. Indeed, openings may be visible or occluded with regard to the sensor. The method presented in this paper focuses on the detection of visible openings using intersections between laser rays and walls. In particular, it shows that detection of visible openings can be reduced to a single distance

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Colleu, T., and S. Benitez. "RAY-BASED DETECTION OF OPENINGS IN URBAN AREAS USING MOBILE LIDAR DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B3 (June 9, 2016): 591–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b3-591-2016.

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The detection of openings like windows or doors is of great interest in the field of urban modeling. Mobile LIDAR data provides valuable 3D information for that purpose. There are generally two main problems: The estimation of wall’s surface, and the distinction between opening areas and occluded areas. Indeed, openings may be visible or occluded with regard to the sensor. The method presented in this paper focuses on the detection of visible openings using intersections between laser rays and walls. In particular, it shows that detection of visible openings can be reduced to a single distance

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12

Jiang, Xintong, Hanbo Cui, Shenghao Guo, and Zongyun Mo. "Influence of openings on the snowdrift characteristics of cubes." PLOS One 20, no. 6 (2025): e0325545. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0325545.

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Snow drifts and accumulates under wind actions, leading to a complex distribution of snow around and on the surface of structures with openings, which in turn has a detrimental influence on the structures. There is no relevant code provision for this situation. Therefore, a wind tunnel study was carried out to experimentally investigate how opening size and vertical location (for cubes with single openings) and how the relative positions of different openings (for cubes with multiple openings) influenced the wind-induced snowdrifts around and on the surface of cubes with openings. A roughness

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13

Nasr, Nasr E., M. N. Fayed, Gamal Hussien, and A. M. El-Makhlasawi. "The Effect of Shear Wall Openings on the Response Reduction Factor." Civil Engineering Journal 8, no. 4 (2022): 796–822. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2022-08-04-013.

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This research attempts to investigate the effect of shear wall openings on the response reduction factor. Openings are commonly necessary because of other engineering disciplines’ requirements. When openings are modest in proportion to the size of the wall, their effects are frequently disregarded. On the other hand, when these openings are large or located in a high-risk area, they can have a significant impact. A broad literature review has been conducted in the present study. A verified comparative example consisting of eight stories was studied. Then, a numerical study has been conducted o

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14

Silwal, Prabin Kumar, Azadeh Parvin, and Mohannad Alhusban. "Numerical Investigation on Strengthening of Steel Beams for Corrosion Damage or Web Openings Using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Sheets." Buildings 14, no. 4 (2024): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14041069.

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Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) have been widely used to strengthen steel structures, which could suffer from corrosion or the introduction of web openings, for utilities such as ductwork, plumbing, electrical conduits, and HVAC systems. The present numerical study involves the application of unidirectional carbon FRP (CFRP) sheets to steel I-beams, damaged due to corrosion or web openings, to regain their lost load-carrying capacity. Finite element analysis (FEA) was utilized to develop and validate three beam models against existing experimentally tested specimens. Subsequently, a parametri

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15

Epstein, M. "Buoyancy-Driven Exchange Flow Through Small Openings in Horizontal Partitions." Journal of Heat Transfer 110, no. 4a (1988): 885–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3250589.

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This paper describes an experimental study of the phenomenon of buoyancy-driven exchange (countercurrent) flow through openings in a horizontal partition. A density-driven exchange flow was obtained by using brine above the partition and fresh water below the partition. In the first part of the study, flow measurements were made with a single opening, for opening ratios L/D in the range 0.01 to 10.0, where L and D are the length of the opening (in the direction normal to the partition) and the diameter of the opening, respectively. Four different flow regimes are identified as L/D is increased

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16

Yooprasertchai, Ekkachai, Yonlada Tiawilai, Theerawee Wittayawanitchai, Jiranuwat Angsumalee, Panuwat Joyklad, and Qudeer Hussain. "Effect of Shape, Number, and Location of Openings on Punching Shear Capacity of Flat Slabs." Buildings 11, no. 10 (2021): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11100484.

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Experimental evidence have proved that punching shear capacity of flat slabs deteriorate with the presence of openings located within the critical perimeter around columns. It is understood that this deterioration varies inversely with the distance of openings from column’s face. However, effect of the shape of openings on punching shear capacity is not well known. This study presents experimental results of 14 flat specimens to investigate the effects of the number (2 and 4), shape (circular, square, and rectangular), and location (1 and 4 times of slab’s thickness from column’s face) of open

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17

Zhao, Wenjuan, Jian Zhang, Wenfu Zhang, Jin Wang, and Ge Wang. "Changes in the Structural Composition and Moisture-Adsorption Properties of Mechanically Rolled Bamboo Fibers." Materials 15, no. 10 (2022): 3463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15103463.

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The chemical content, mechanical capability, and dimensional stability of bamboo fibers (BFs) are all directly related to the hygroscopic behavior, which is crucial for industrial applications. To support the utilization of BFs, the structural and chemical composition of BFs with different opening times after mechanical rolling were investigated in this study, and the Guggenheim–Anderson–de Boer (GAB) model was selected to predict their moisture-adsorption properties. The results showed that the length and diameter of the fibers gradually decreased with the increase in the number of openings,

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18

Amol, J. Mehetre, B. Kandekar Sachin, and U. Mate Nilesh. "Effect of Horizontal Distance of Web Opening on the Ultimate Load Carrying Capacity of Castellated Steel Beams by an Analytical Approach." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 17, no. 18 (2024): 1889–97. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v17i18.495.

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Abstract <strong>Objectives:</strong> The primary objective of this current research is to determine the ideal horizontal spacing for hexagonal web openings and their maximum load-bearing capacity through Finite Element Analysis (FEA). <strong>Methods:</strong> The ISMB150 was implemented as a cross-sectional profile to fabricate distinct models of castellated beams with heights of 225 mm. The height of the web openings remained constant at 150 mm for the castellated beam model. The entire analysis is being done on ANSYS 19.2. <strong>Findings:</strong> The analysis ha

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19

Oukaili, Nazar Kamel, and Abeer Hussein Al-Shammari. "Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete T-Beams with Multiple Web Openings under Impact Loading." Journal of Engineering 20, no. 06 (2023): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2014.06.02.

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In this study, a three-dimensional finite element analysis using ANSYS 12.1 program had been employed to simulate simply supported reinforced concrete (RC) T-beams with multiple web circular openings subjected to an impact loading. Three design parameters were considered, including size, location and number of the web openings. Twelve models of simply supported RC T-beams were subjected to one point of transient (impact) loading at mid span. Beams were simulated and analysis results were obtained in terms of mid span deflection-time histories and compared with the results of the solid referenc

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20

Gunawan, Iwan, and Zainal Arifin. "Impeller design for centrifugal pump with number of 5 blades driven four stroke 40 cc petrol engine." KOLECER Scientific Journal of Mechanical Engineering 1, no. 1 (2025): 53–59. https://doi.org/10.23969/ksjme1120252372553-59.

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An impeller with five blades was designed to enhance water discharge from the volute. The increased number of blades was expected to exert a more potent force on the water due to a larger surface area. However, excessive blade numbers could obstruct inlet water flow, reducing discharge efficiency. Therefore, a restriction was applied to optimize the blade count. The impeller was developed using an experimental approach, as most designs typically feature four to seven blades. Performance tests were conducted by varying the outlet pipe width through different valve openings, and the effects on w

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21

Afzal, Nasrin, W. Jonathan Lederer, and M. Saleet Jafri. "Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore and Number of Openings." Biophysical Journal 112, no. 3 (2017): 440a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2016.11.2350.

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22

Mehetre, Amol J., Sachin B. Kandekar, and Nilesh U. Mate. "Effect of Horizontal Distance of Web Opening on the Ultimate Load Carrying Capacity of Castellated Steel Beams by an Analytical Approach." Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 17, no. 18 (2024): 1889–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v17i18.495.

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Objectives: The primary objective of this current research is to determine the ideal horizontal spacing for hexagonal web openings and their maximum load-bearing capacity through Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Methods: The ISMB150 was implemented as a cross-sectional profile to fabricate distinct models of castellated beams with heights of 225 mm. The height of the web openings remained constant at 150 mm for the castellated beam model. The entire analysis is being done on ANSYS 19.2. Findings: The analysis has revealed that, for castellated beams with shallower depths, an optimal horizontal s

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23

Hamid, N. A. A., N. Salleh, N. Ali, et al. "Strengthening RC beams with circular post-opening in shear zone by externally bonded CFRP." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1347, no. 1 (2024): 012073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1347/1/012073.

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Abstract An installation of post-drilled openings in existing reinforced concrete (RC) beams may result in an abrupt change in the beam’s cross-sectional dimensions, which could reduce the beam’s capacity and integrity of the beam. A variety of methods have been developed to adequately reinforce the area around the opening. This study investigates the efficacy of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) sheets for strengthening RC beams with circular post-opening at shear zones. A total of five beams measuring 150 mm width, 300 mm depth and 1550 mm length were casted and tested under four-point

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24

Naqe, Aya W., and Alaa H. Al-zuhairi. "Strengthening of RC Beam with Large Square Opening Using CFRP." Journal of Engineering 26, no. 10 (2020): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2020.10.09.

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The use of essential services in modern constructions, such pipes, and ducts, became important, placing these pipes and ducts underneath the soffit of the beam. They made a ceiling sandwich, and that causes to reduce the height of the floor, so the presence of the opening in the beam saves the height of the floor. In this paper, the investigation of the beam response of reinforced concrete simply supported rectangle beams with square web openings is presented, including a number of the web openings (two, four, and eight), in addition to its use in strengthening the member at the openings (when

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25

Pierotti, A., M. Leoni, and D. Lo Presti. "NUMERICAL ANALYSES OF UNDERGROUND OPENINGS IN COMPETENT ROCK MASSES: CONTINUOUS VS DISCONTINUOUS." Russian Journal of Construction Science and Technology 5, no. 2 (2019): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/rjcst.2019.2.001.

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The paper is aimed at comparing the results of numerical analyses of underground openings in competent rock masses like the Carrara Marble (Italy) by considering a real and well documented case study. More specifically, 3D FEM and DEM analyses were carried out on a rock-mass model interested by two faults and three sets of discontinuities. The geometrical model is representative of deep underground openings where spalling - cracks and rock bursts can occur. PLAXIS 3D and 3DEC were used for the analyses. Intact rock and rock mass characterization of Carrara Marble was inferred from available te

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26

Gilvaee, Majid Yaseri, and Massood Mofid. "Experimental/Numerical Evaluation of Steel Trapezoidal Corrugated Infill Panels with an Opening." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (2021): 3275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073275.

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This paper investigates the influence of an opening in the infill steel plate on the behavior of steel trapezoidal corrugated infill panels. Two specimens of steel trapezoidal corrugated shear walls were constructed and tested under cyclic loading. One specimen had a single rectangular opening, while the other one had two rectangular openings. In addition, the percentage of opening in both specimens was 18%. The initial stiffness, ultimate strength, ductility ratio and energy dissipation capacity of the two tested specimens are compared to a specimen without opening. The experimental results i

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27

Muthukumar, G., and Manoj Kumar. "Influence of Opening Locations on the Structural Response of Shear Wall." Journal of Nonlinear Dynamics 2014 (November 25, 2014): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/858510.

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Shear walls have been conferred as a major lateral load resisting element in a building in any seismic prone zone. It is essential to determine behavior of shear wall in the preelastic and postelastic stage. Shear walls may be provided with openings due to functional requirement of the building. The size and location of opening may play a significant role in the response of shear walls. Though it is a well known fact that size of openings affects the structural response of shear walls significantly, there is no clear consensus on the behavior of shear walls under different opening locations. T

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28

Jung, Jinman, Taesik Kim, Hong Min, Seongmin Kim, and Young-Hoon Jung. "Intricacies of Opening Geometry Detection in Terrestrial Laser Scanning: An Analysis Using Point Cloud Data from BLK360." Remote Sensing 16, no. 5 (2024): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16050759.

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This study investigates the use of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) in urban excavation sites, focusing on enhancing ground deformation detection by precisely identifying opening geometries, such as gaps between pavement blocks. The accuracy of TLS data, affected by equipment specifications, environmental conditions, and scanning geometry, is closely examined, especially with regard to the detection of openings between blocks. The experimental setup, employing the BLK360 scanner, aimed to mimic real-world paving situations with varied opening widths, allowing an in-depth analysis of how factor

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29

Musa, Kabiru A., Badorul Hisham Abu Bakar, and Ufuoma Joseph Udi. "Influence of Opening and Boundary Conditions on the Behavior of Concrete Hollow Block Walls: Experimental Results." Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences 55, no. 5 (2023): 569–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2023.55.5.6.

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The assembled pattern of concrete hollow building blocks contributes to the wall structure’s durability. This paper presents experimental research on the behavior of concrete hollow block walls. The experimental work included testing four concrete hollow block wall panels with different opening sizes. Constant vertical axial load was applied on top of the wall panels until failure, characterized by boundary conditions. The results showed that the presence of openings reduced the strength of the wall panels; it was possible to observe these differences since the opening area was between 20 and

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Al-Yacouby, Ahmad Mahamad, Arwie Amri Mazli, M. S. Liew, R. M. Chandima Ratnayake, and Samindi M. K. Samarakoon. "Finite Element Analysis of Steel Plates with Rectangular Openings Subjected to Axial Stress." Materials 15, no. 13 (2022): 4421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15134421.

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Steel plates with openings are among the important ship structural components used in the ship’s hull to withstand the hydrostatic forces of the ocean, which cause sagging and hogging moments at the ship’s bottom. The existence of openings on plates can cause structural rupture, stress concentration and a decrease in ultimate strength. This research is aimed at investigating the influence of selected parameters on the ultimate capacity of steel plates with rectangular holes subjected to axial stress, using ANSYS finite element analysis (FEA) under its non-linear static structural programme. Th

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Hao, Jinfeng, Fawei Diao, and Mingyang Qu. "Analysis on seismic performance of a new type of stiffening rib angle steel damper." E3S Web of Conferences 618 (2025): 02003. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202561802003.

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This paper proposes a stiffening angle steel damper for beam-column joints. The ABAQUS software is used to study the influence of the thickness, opening ratio and number of openings of the stiffening rib on the energy dissipation performance of the damper. A total of 7 models are set up. Through the reciprocating displacement loading method, the energy dissipation capacity is evaluated by analyzing the damper's hysteretic curves, stress distribution, skeleton curves, and key mechanical parameters under different conditions. The study shows that: Under normal circumstances, it is not advisable

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Rahim, Nurul Izzati, Bashar S. Mohammed, Amin Al-Fakih, et al. "Strengthening the Structural Behavior of Web Openings in RC Deep Beam Using CFRP." Materials 13, no. 12 (2020): 2804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13122804.

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Deep beams are more susceptible to shear failure, and therefore reparation is a crucial for structural reinforcements. Shear failure is structural concrete failure in nature. It generally occurs without warning; however, it is acceptable for the beam to fail in bending but not in shear. The experimental study presented the structural behavior of the deep beams of reinforced concrete (RC) that reinforces the web openings with externally connected carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite in the shear zone. The structural behavior includes a failure mode, and cracking pattern, load deflec

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33

Aminitabar, Meysam, Omar Kanaani, and Amir Reza Eskenati. "Numerical Evaluation of the Opening Effects on the Reinforced Concrete Slab Structural Performance." Shock and Vibration 2021 (October 18, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1060841.

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A finite element method was used in this study to investigate the effects of openings on the resistive behavior of concrete slabs. The presented modeling procedure is used to conduct numerical analyses on the response of reinforced concrete slab subjected to in-plane monotonic loads in X (perpendicular to the beam) and Z (parallel to the beam) directions. Initially, the developed numerical model was calibrated and compared with laboratory results. In building this three-dimensional model, it is attempted to accurately model all nonlinear properties of steel and concrete materials as well as th

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34

Jassim, Nidaa Qassim, and Husain Khalaf Jarallah. "Performance Enhancement of R.C. Beams with Large Web Openings by Using Reactive Powder Composite: An Experimental Study." Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences 21, no. 3 (2018): 405–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29194/njes.21030405.

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In this paper an experimental works conducted to study the behavior of R.C. beam with large web opening at different locations and fortified with reactive powder composite (RPC) at the extreme tension zone (bottom edge of opening) and/or extreme compression zone (Top edge of opening). The experimental study is investigate the behavior of twelve beams and study the ability of using normal strength concrete together with RPC in the same section to exploit the advantages of these two materials in optimal way. The main variables are RPC layers locations in tension zone and/or in compression zone a

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Do, Hoa, Tran Huu Thuy Giang, and Ket Mai. "Vietnamese telephone openings." Language and Dialogue 8, no. 3 (2018): 363–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ld.00022.do.

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Abstract This study builds upon Schegloff’s model as a template to investigate the phenomenon of how Vietnamese people perform their telephone openings. We use a corpus of 50 audio recordings of Vietnamese telephone openings to analyze such a phenomenon through both Conversation Analysis and Ethnography methods in order to capture the data in naturally-occurring settings, and to provide insights into Vietnamese culture that makes Vietnamese telephone openings different from North American ones. The findings demonstrate that Vietnamese telephone openings share some common features with telephon

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Bartoletti, Theodore M., Skyler L. Jackman, Norbert Babai, Aaron J. Mercer, Richard H. Kramer, and Wallace B. Thoreson. "Release from the cone ribbon synapse under bright light conditions can be controlled by the opening of only a few Ca2+ channels." Journal of Neurophysiology 106, no. 6 (2011): 2922–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00634.2011.

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Light hyperpolarizes cone photoreceptors, causing synaptic voltage-gated Ca2+ channels to open infrequently. To understand neurotransmission under these conditions, we determined the number of L-type Ca2+ channel openings necessary for vesicle fusion at the cone ribbon synapse. Ca2+ currents ( ICa) were activated in voltage-clamped cones, and excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) were recorded from horizontal cells in the salamander retina slice preparation. Ca2+ channel number and single-channel current amplitude were calculated by mean-variance analysis of ICa. Two different comparisons—o

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Yuan, Anqi, Dongxu Wang, Yuejiao Jiang, Yifeng Wang, and Jinsong Gui. "Numerical Investigation of the Hydrodynamic Characteristics of a Novel Bucket-Shaped Permeable Breakwater Using OpenFOAM." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 9 (2024): 1574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12091574.

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To align with contemporary concepts of low-carbon and environmental protection, a new type of bucket-shaped permeable breakwater, based on the prototype of the bucket-based breakwater in Xuwei Port Area, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, China, was proposed. A three-dimensional numerical wave flume was constructed using the OpenFOAM platform and DXFlow (an open-source computational fluid dynamics toolbox based on OpenFOAM). The effectiveness of this numerical wave flume was validated through temporal and spatial verification, wave generation validation, and model testing. The study investigated t

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Madenci, Emrah, Yasin Onuralp Özkılıç, Ceyhun Aksoylu, and Alexander Safonov. "The Effects of Eccentric Web Openings on the Compressive Performance of Pultruded GFRP Boxes Wrapped with GFRP and CFRP Sheets." Polymers 14, no. 21 (2022): 4567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14214567.

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Pultruded fiber-reinforced polymer (PFRP) profiles have started to find widespread use in the structure industry. The position of the web openings on these elements, which are especially exposed to axial pressure force, causes a change in the behavior. In this study, a total of 21 pultruded box profiles were tested under vertical loads and some of them were strengthened with carbon-FRP (CFRP) and glass-FRP (GFRP). The location, number and reinforcement type of the web openings on the profiles were taken into account as parameters. As a result of the axial test, it was understood that when a ho

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Dewandaru, Ardian, Wahyu Setia Budi, and Gagoek Hardiman. "Pengaruh Desain Penghawaan terhadap Kondisi Termal di Gereja Santo Petrus Sambiroto Semarang." ARSITEKTURA 17, no. 2 (2019): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/arst.v17i2.30676.

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<p><em><span lang="EN-US">Saint Peter Church Sambiroto located in the Semarang City which has tropical climate. The building has many openings like doors and bouvenlights. Currently in the east corridor are given tents to accommodate the number of congregations that exist, and on the east side the hallway is paired with banner to protect the east hallway from sun’s heat. The researcher will examine how openings play a role in creating thermal conditions in buildings. This research method uses field measurement techniques in the church regarding dry temperature, relative humid

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Zhu, Junfeng, Donghui Zheng, and Yifan Li. "Failure Dependence Analysis of Shear Walls with Different Openings under Fortification Earthquakes." Mechanical Engineering Research 3, no. 1 (2013): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mer.v3n1p185.

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It is necessary to study failure dependence problem in order to solve system reliability in the field of Civil Engineering. In this paper, failure dependence of reinforced concrete shear walls with different openings (including the whole shear wall, the shear wall with small opening, the coupled shear wall, the shear wall frame) are studied under fortification earthquakes using Monte Carlo method. The results demonstrate that failure of reinforced concrete shear walls with different openings is neither fully independent nor fully relevant. The number of failure dependent floors is about one-ha

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Liu, Xuhui, Dong Li, Xinju Fu, Yong Gao, and Xudong Wang. "MODELING of Rarefied Gas Flows Inside a Micro-Nozzle Based on the DSMC Method Coupled with a Modified Gas–Surface Interaction Model." Energies 16, no. 1 (2023): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010505.

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In this study, we first considered the influence of micro-nozzle wall roughness structure on molecular collision and reflection behavior and established a modified CLL model. The DSMC method was used to simulate and analyze the flow of the micro-nozzle in the cold gas micro-propulsion system, and the deviation of simulation results before and after the improvement of CLL model were compared. Then, the rarefied flow characteristics under a small needle valve opening (less than 1%) were focused on the research, and the particle position, molecular number density, and spatial distribution of inte

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Lacerda, A. E., and A. M. Brown. "Nonmodal gating of cardiac calcium channels as revealed by dihydropyridines." Journal of General Physiology 93, no. 6 (1989): 1243–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.93.6.1243.

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The hypothesis that dihydropyridine (DHP)-sensitive calcium channels have three distinct modes of gating has been examined. The major prediction is that the relative frequencies among modes depend on DHP concentration while the kinetics within a mode do not. We tested this by studying whole-cell and single-channel calcium currents in neonatal rat and adult guinea pig cardiac myocytes in different concentrations of several DHPs. In the absence of DHPs calcium currents declined with time but the kinetics, which are the focus of this study, were unchanged. Open-time frequency distributions had in

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Deans, Douglas. "Effect of Openings in Ring-Reinforced Shells." Marine Technology and SNAME News 27, no. 01 (1990): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1990.27.1.56.

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The ring-reinforced shell is a primary structure used in the marine and industrial world. Stress and buckling analysis of such structures is generally based on axisymmetric analysis wherein all openings in the shell are neglected. In real life, such structures have a large number of openings often made in a random manner. In order to design an appropriate reinforcement at such an opening, it is necessary to carry out a detailed local stress analysis. Such an analysis can be made either through the use of part models or by superelements which include the entire structure, as well as the local r

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Oztop, Hakan, Mohammed A. Almeshaal, Lioua Kolsi, Mohammed Rashidi, and Mohamed E. Ali. "Natural Convection and Irreversibility Evaluation in a Cubic Cavity with Partial Opening in Both Top and Bottom Sides." Entropy 21, no. 2 (2019): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21020116.

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A numerical study on natural convection in a cubical cavity with partial top and bottom openings is performed in this paper. One of the vertical walls of the cavity has higher temperature than that of the opposite one; the remaining walls are insulated perfectly. Three-dimensional simulations of governing equations have been performed using a finite volume technique. The results are presented for different parameters such as opening length and Rayleigh number. It is observed that heat transfer rate and fluid flow can be controlled via opening ratio size and Rayleigh number.

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Hartman, L., E. Alessandri, R. Bos, et al. "AB1165 MEDICATION ADHERENCE DATA IN A RANDOMIZED TRIAL: LARGE CHALLENGES TO COME FROM RAW DATA TO A WORKABLE AND RELIABLE DATASET." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (2020): 1873.2–1873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.3638.

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Background:Medication adherence in the GLORIA trial, among elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis, is measured with caps that register openings of the medication bottle. At each study visit, one or two medication bottles with cap (kits) are dispensed, each containing 90 capsules. Multiple steps are needed to come to a workable dataset to describe adherence.Objectives:To describe the steps that are needed to come from raw data to a workable dataset to analyze adherence data that are recorded by electronic caps.Methods:The medication bottle contains a cap with the ability to register cap ope

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Kamikawa, Yohei. "Impact of the active job openings-to-applicants ratio on the number of ambulance dispatches in Japan, 2003-2021: a longitudinal ecological study." BMJ Open 14, no. 11 (2024): e083755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-083755.

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ObjectiveTo examine the contribution of the active job openings-to-applicants ratio, a macroeconomic indicator, to the number of ambulance dispatches.DesignLongitudinal ecological study.SettingJapan, between January 2003 and December 2021.ParticipantsAll ambulance dispatches.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe contribution of the active job openings-to-applicants ratio in a month, adjusted by the number of older people, mean temperature and total population, to the number of ambulance dispatches in that specific month was examined and the primary model was compared to the conventional mo

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Rienties, Bart, Dirk Tempelaar, Miriam Pinckaers, Bas Giesbers, and Linda Lichel. "The Diverging Effects of Social Network Sites on Receiving Job Information for Students and Professionals." International Journal of Sociotechnology and Knowledge Development 2, no. 4 (2010): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jskd.2010100103.

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An increasing number of students, professionals, and job-recruiters are using Social Network Sites (SNSs) for sharing information. There has been limited research assessing the role of individuals seeking a job and receiving information about job openings in SNSs. In this regard, do students, non-managers, and managers benefit from job offers when they are a member of SNSs such as Facebook or LinkedIn? How can differences in receiving information about job openings be explained by the strength-of-weak-ties and structural holes theorems? Results of an online survey among 386 respondents indicat

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TRIATMADJA, RADIANTA, and ANY NURHASANAH. "TSUNAMI FORCE ON BUILDINGS WITH OPENINGS AND PROTECTION." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 06, no. 04 (2012): 1250024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431112500248.

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The force from a tsunami will damage buildings, such as houses, bridges, and many other coastal infrastructures. The impact and drag force of a tsunami depend on the scale and the characteristics of the tsunami as well as the infrastructures' characteristics. This study was conducted using physical modeling to determine the effect of openings and protection on buildings to reduce the effects of a tsunami attack. The openings were symmetrical about the front and rear walls and were oriented in the direction of the tsunami. Barriers with dimensions that were the same width and three times higher

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Sari, Dursun. "Rock mass response model for circular openings." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 44, no. 7 (2007): 891–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t07-034.

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The main parameters affecting the failure and deformation state of the rock mass around a circular opening are the level of vertical and horizontal in situ stresses, the characteristics of the rock mass, the diameter of the opening, and the support pressure. The influence of all these parameters on the stress-induced final deformations around circular openings was investigated by a finite difference based two-dimensional numerical simulation for both hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic stress field conditions. From the results of the parametric studies, the variation of tunnel strain versus the rat

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Naidu, S., and T. Putta. "Non-contrast MRI and surgical concordance in fistula-in-ano." General Surgery, no. 1 (May 15, 2025): 26–33. https://doi.org/10.30978/gs-2025-1-26.

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Fistula‑in‑ano is an abnormal connection between the anal canal or rectum and the perianal skin, often resulting from infection in the anal glands. While clinical examination provides some insights, MR fistulogram is essential for detailed assessment and reducing recurrence rates after surgery. Objective – to compare and correlate the pre‑operative non‑contrast MR fistulogram findings with surgical findings, focusing on concordance rates for fistula type, craniocaudal extent of tracts, number and clock position of internal and external openings, and presence of complicating features like secon

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