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1
Brito, Amanda Aparecida, Lorena Carla Adorno, Victor Santana Novais, et al. "Morphogenesis of age groups of marandu palisadegrass tillers during the stockpiling period." Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 44 (March 7, 2022): e53901. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.53901.
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The stockpiled forage canopy consists of tillers at different ages, which have specific development patterns. The objective was to understand the development of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu during the stockpiling period, by the morphogenic evaluation of tillers at different ages. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a split plot scheme, with four replications. Three tillers ages (young, mature and old) and two periods of stockpiling (initial and final) were evaluated. The leaf appearance and elongation rates were higher in young tillers (0.05 tiller-1 day-1 and 0.62 cm tiller-1 day-1, respectively), compared to old tillers (0.02 tiller leaf-1 day-1 and 0.20 cm tiller-1 day-1, respectively). The final leaf length of the tillers' age groups was the same in the beginning of stockpiling. The number of live leaves was lower in the old tillers (2.4), compared to the young (3.6) and mature (4.1) ones, contrary to the stem length. The number of old tillers (800 tillers m-2) was higher than the young (299 tillers m-2) and mature ones (358 tillers m-²). The participation of different age groups of tillers in the canopy influences the development and structure of marandu palisadegrass.
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HOCKETT, E. A. "RELATIONSHIP OF ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS AND AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS IN BARLEY." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 66, no. 2 (1986): 257–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps86-040.
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The number of adventitious roots of two- and six-row barleys (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown under irrigation at Bozeman, Montana in 1970 and 1971, was related to yield and other agronomic characteristics. Adventitious roots were counted shortly before heading and at maturity and correlated with 15 agronomic characteristics. Adventitious root number was not correlated with yield of barley, except for two out of six cases in two-row barley. Roots per tiller, per plant and per square metre were all positively correlated with each other. The number of kernels per spike increased as roots per tiller increased but decreased with a high number of tillers per plant. Kernel plumpness and numbers of tillers were negatively correlated in two-row barley, but not in six-row barley. Cultivars differed significantly in yield and adventitious root number. Six-row barley had more roots per tiller but fewer tillers per square metre than two-row barley. Roots per tiller and roots per square metre measurements had the best repeatability between years for six-row barley, but no root measurements were consistent over years for the two-row type. Tillers per plant measurements for both two-row and six-row barleys and tillers per square metre for just two-row barley were consistent over years. Tiller and root number interact and are usually positively related. The genetic variation for root number shown here could be used in crosses for selection of superior genotypes.Key words: Barley, Hordeum vulgare, adventitious roots, subcrown internode, yield components, seeding rate
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Yamagishi, Yuki, Yoichiro Kato, Seishi Ninomiya, and Wei Guo. "Image-Based Phenotyping for Non-Destructive In Situ Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Tiller Counting Using Proximal Sensing." Sensors 22, no. 15 (2022): 5547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155547.
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The increase in the number of tillers of rice significantly affects grain yield. However, this is measured only by the manual counting of emerging tillers, where the most common method is to count by hand touching. This study develops an efficient, non-destructive method for estimating the number of tillers during the vegetative and reproductive stages under flooded conditions. Unlike popular deep-learning-based approaches requiring training data and computational resources, we propose a simple image-processing pipeline following the empirical principles of synchronously emerging leaves and tillers in rice morphogenesis. Field images were taken by an unmanned aerial vehicle at a very low flying height for UAV imaging—1.5 to 3 m above the rice canopy. Subsequently, the proposed image-processing pipeline was used, which includes binarization, skeletonization, and leaf-tip detection, to count the number of long-growing leaves. The tiller number was estimated from the number of long-growing leaves. The estimated tiller number in a 1.1 m × 1.1 m area is significantly correlated with the actual number of tillers, with 60% of hills having an error of less than ±3 tillers. This study demonstrates the potential of the proposed image-sensing-based tiller-counting method to help agronomists with efficient, non-destructive field phenotyping.
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Derner, Justin D., David D. Briske, and H. Wayne Polley. "Tiller organization within the tussock grass Schizachyrium scoparium: a field assessment of competition–cooperation tradeoffs." Botany 90, no. 8 (2012): 669–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b2012-025.
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Tussock grasses are characterized by a compact spatial arrangement of tillers that contributes to intense intratussock competition. This investigation was designed to directly assess the magnitude of competition among autonomous subunits of tillers within individual tussocks (i.e., integrated physiological units) to further define the mechanisms of tiller organization within this successful growth form. Experimentally constructed tussocks of Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx. Nash) were grown in the field in central Texas, USA, for 2 years with 1, 4, 8, or 12 autonomous subunits to span the range observed in naturally occurring local populations. Increasing numbers of subunits per tussock did not affect tiller density or the mean mass of individual vegetative or reproductive tillers, but it did intensify intratussock competition as evidenced by a large reduction in total tiller mass and number per subunit. This pattern of tiller organization is indicative of a division of labor within the tussock that is manifested as a tradeoff between competition among autonomous subunits and cooperation among tillers within these physiologically integrated subunits. We conclude that an increasing number of autonomous subunits associated with tussock basal expansion contributes to coarse-scale resource preemption and competitive ability, while resource sharing among tillers within subunits supports new tiller establishment and growth within this highly competitive microenvironment.
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Alam, MA, and MS Sheuly. "Effect of Time of Tiller Separation on Grain Growth and Seed Yield of Transplant Aman Rice." Journal of Science Foundation 10, no. 1 (2013): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v10i1.16274.
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An experiment was carried out to study the effect of time of tiller separation on grain growth and yield of transplant aman rice. The experiment consisted of 3 times of tiller separation viz. tiller separation at 25 (T1), 35 (T2) and 45 (T3) days after transplanting (DAT); and 5 levels of number of tillers kept hill-1 viz. intact hills (K0), 1 tiller kept hill-1 (K1), 2 tillers kept hill-1 (K2), 3 tillers kept hill-1 (K3) and 4 tillers kept hill-1 (K4). The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications. The unit plot size was 4 m 2.5 m. With a few exceptions, the highest grain growth parameters like number of panicles hill-1, dry weight panicle-1, number of grains panicle-1, dry weight grain-1 and grain growth rate were observed when tillers were separated at 25 DAT but the lowest values were found at 45 DAT. The grain growth rate decreased with the advance of time. The highest grain yield (5.25 t ha-1) was obtained from tillers separated at 25 days after transplanting (DAT) but the lowest values (4.13 t ha-1) were recorded when tillers were separated at 45 DAT. The maximum grain yield (5.88 t ha-1) was found in intact hills, while the lowest values (2.64 t ha-1) were obtained when 1 tiller kept hill-1. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v10i1.16274 J Sci Foundation, January-June 2012;10(1):12-19
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Ayana, Fekede, and Mosisa Tolosa. "Effect of Productive Tillers on Seed Yield and Seed Quality of Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor L</i>.) Varieties in Assosa District, Western Ethiopia." American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 12, no. 3 (2024): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20241203.11.
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Poor management of sorghum tillers is a significant problem in the Benishangul-Gumuz region of Ethiopia, affecting seed yield and quality. An experiment was conducted to determine the impact of sorghum productive tillers on seed yield and quality. The study involved two Sorghum varieties (Assosa-1 and Adukara) and three plant types per spot. The treatments were aligned as RCBD and CRD in factorial combination, replicated three and four times for field and laboratory experiments respectively. Varieties influenced TSW (P &lt; 0.0001), Number of tiller influenced by number plants head matured for seed production (P ≤ 0.0001), plants height (P ≤ 0.0004), The interaction effects of varieties and number of tillers per plant influenced yields, Panicle length (P &lt; 0.0001). For laboratory experiments varieties influenced Speed of germination (P &lt; 0.0001), number of Dead seeds (P &lt; 0.0001). Number of tiller influenced Speed of germination (P &lt; 0.0001), number of Dead seeds, shoot length (P &lt; 0.004), Vigor index one and Vigor index two (P≤0.05). The interaction effects of varieties and number of tillers per plant influenced Standard germination (P &lt; 0.001). The main shoot plants had the highest number of fertile sorghum heads (86.5), followed by primary tillers (27.08). Secondary tillers had the highest plant height (96.52 cm). The main shoot plant yielded more seeds than primary and secondary tillers, with the shoot exceeding these yields by 302.96% and 1333%, respectively. Primary and secondary tillers had higher percentages of dead seeds than the main shoot plant, 53.5% and 45.2%, respectively. The primary and secondary tillers experienced a decline in seedling vigour index one over different periods, while the main sorghum plant varieties, Adukara and Assosa-1, showed an upward trend. The germination percentages of the primary and secondary tillers were less than the 85% Ethiopian seed standard requirement. Because sorghum tillers lower seed quality, they should be eliminated for seed production. If sorghum is grown for grain production, secondary tillers have the benefit of raising overall yield production.
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Thorne, G. N., and D. W. Wood. "Contributions of shoot categories to growth and yield of winter wheat." Journal of Agricultural Science 111, no. 2 (1988): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600083222.
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SummaryMeasurements were made at intervals during 1983–4 on the main stem and on tillers having defined morphological positions on plants of winter wheat cv. Avalon growing in a multifactorial experiment testing combinations of the following five factors: rotation, sowing date, amount of autumn N, amount of spring N, and timing of spring N. Some observations from similar experiments in the two previous seasons are also reported.The tillers in the axils of the first three leaves (Tp, T2 and T3) appeared on most plants. An average of 1·8 other tillers were produced on each plant, including 0·14 at the coleoptile node. When number of shoots was maximal, main stems (M), T1 and T2 together accounted for 64% of the total number of shoots, 76% of the total green area and 87% of the total above-ground dry weight. More than half of the T1s died before maturity, two thirds of the T2s and almost all of the other tillers. The final population of 566 ears/m2 was made up as follows: M 56%, T1 26%, T2 16%. The differences between categories in dry weight per shoot at maturity were relatively less than earlier. Contributions to the mean grain yield of 9·9 t/ha were: M 60%, T1, 22%, T2 14%. M had more grains per ear than T1, or T2 which had similar numbers. Dry weight per grain was similar in all three categories.Most of the effects of treatments on dry weight/m2, which have been described previously by Prew et al. (1986), were due to effects on all shoot categories. Several treatments increased the number of shoots/m2 by increasing the average number per plant of tiller categories that were produced later. This was always the result of an increase in the proportion of plants having many tillers. Neither the maximum number of tillers found on a plant, nor the duration of tiller production, was affected.Both within and between tiller categories, shoots that were produced last died first. Plants which started tillering late produced fewer, smaller, tillers than average and relatively few of these survived. The standard hierarchical order of tiller production and survival was disrupted when plants were damaged by stem-boring insects and when the period shortly before a tiller category was due to emerge was unusually dull and warm.
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Al Ubori, Rafid S., and Alaa Ahmed Obaid. "Study of the seed's quality and vitality from tillers in some Iraqi wheat cultivars." Sumer 2 8, CSS 2 (2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.02.70.
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The experiment was conducted in Babylon province, Al-Shomali district, in a clayloam soil texture in the winter of 2020-2021. to study the effect of cultivars and planting distances between rows and comparison between tillers and the interaction on growth, grain yield and their components in wheat crops. The complete randomized block design RCBD was used in the study for four bread wheat cultivars (C1: Buhooth 22 – C2: French wafer – C3: S 483 and C4: IPA 99). The experiment was analyzed using the spilled plot design into a complete randomized block design with three replicates; the cultivars were considered to be included in the main plot, and the study of tillers in plants was the subplot (T1: main tiller – T2: Second tiller and T3: Third tiller). The most important results can be summarized as follows: The results showed the C3 cultivar excelled in plant height, number of tillers, flag leaf area, number of spikes m-2, spike length, number of grains per spike, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index, while the C4 cultivar was excelled in chlorophyll content and grain 1000 weight. The tillerring system showed the main tiller T1 excelled on the rest of the tillers in each chlorophyll content, flag leaf area, spike length, number of grains per spike, grain 1000 weight, germination power, germination speed, percentage of germination, seedling weight and the percentage of protein, The interaction between cultivars and tillers appeared C4T1 excelled in chlorophyll content, spike length and grain 1000 weight, while C1T2 excelled in plant height, C3T1 interaction in flag leaf area and the number of grains per spike. Keywords: cultivars, seeds, tiller, wheat.
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Fernandes, Priscila Beligoli, Carlos Augusto Brandão de Carvalho, Domingos Sávio Campos Paciullo, Carlos Augusto De Miranda Gomide, Mirton José Frota Morenz, and Francisco José Da Silva Lédo. "Morphogenetic and structural characteristics of clones of elephant grass managed under intermittent stocking." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 37, no. 4 (2016): 2099. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n4p2099.
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This work was carried out to evaluate the morphogenetic and structural characteristics of basal and aerial tillers of two dwarf elephant grass clones (BRS Kurumi and CNPGL 00-1-3) managed under intermittent stocking in six grazing cycles. A completely randomized experimental design with three replications (paddocks) in split-split-plot arrangements was used. The clones were allocated to the plots, tiller classes were assigned to the subplots and grazing cycles to sub subplots. Higher values for basal tillers than aerial tillers were seen for the following characteristics: leaf elongation rate (12.8 and 5.1 cm/tiller/day), leaf appearance rate (0.26 and 0.19 leaves/tiller/day), stem elongation rate (0.38 and 0.16 cm/tiller/day), senescence rate (0.98 and 0.47 cm/tiller/day), total number of leaves (9.3 and 7.1 leaves/ tiller), number of live leaves (7.7 and 5.8 leaves/tiller) and final length of leaf blades (33.5 and 20.0 cm). Phyllochron was lower for basal (4.0 days/leaf) than aerial tillers (5.5 days/leaf). The leaf life span increased with the advance of the grazing cycles, averaging 31.2 days. The tiller density increased with the advance of the grazing cycles showing an average increase of 167% of aerial tillers and 62% of basal tillers for both clones. The morphogenetic and structural characteristics of dwarf clones were influenced jointly by the clones and the availability of the environmental factors of growth during the spring and summer. The high leaf elongation rates, associated with high leaf appearance rate, reveal the potential of high production dry matter of leaves and restoration of leaf area after grazing.
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Price, Steven C., James E. Hill, and Robert W. Allard. "The Morphological and Physiological Response of Slender Oat (Avena barbata) to the Herbicides Barban and Difenzoquat." Weed Science 36, no. 1 (1988): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500074464.
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The morphological and physiological response of the slender oat (Avena barbataPott ex Link # AVEBA) to the herbicides barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl 3-chlorophenylcarbamate) and difenzoquat (1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazolium) in conjunction with decreased water availability was determined for seven populations, representing three ecotypes, under greenhouse conditions. Generally, within the range of sublethal herbicide doses, with increasing herbicide rates, phytotoxicity ratings increased, but plant dry weight, tiller height, and number of spikelets were decreased. Also, the number of juvenile tillers decreased, while that of fertile tillers increased. Flag leaf area increased and flowering was delayed. The ratio of number of spikelets to plant dry weight and seed weight was influenced the least. Under the highest rates of difenzoquat, the within-plant variance of spikelet number decreased, indicating that there may have been a more equal partitioning of resources amongst tillers for spikelet production. The general influence of water stress was to amplify the effect of the herbicide. For example, the dry treatment reduced dry weight and tiller height, and delayed flowering. Within a particular herbicide treatment, the effect of the water stress was to cause reduced within-plant variance for days to flowering, flag leaf area, and number of spikelets. Three reactions were observed that could have helped buffer decreases in spikelet production: 1) An increased fraction of the dry weight of the plants was partitioned into the spikelets at the expense of other vegetative matter, 2) the increased leaf area of the primary tiller may have helped counterbalance any reduction in photosynthesis caused by herbicide action, and 3) an increased number of juvenile tillers was converted into fertile tillers resulting in an increased number of mature tillers. These data indicate that the slender oat has a remarkable “phenotypic plasticity,” which enables it to maintain reproductive structures under sublethal herbicide doses.
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Manrique Luna, Diana Leidy, and Juan Evangelista Carulla Fornaguera. "Leaves per tiller as the criterion to determine optimum defoliation frequency in pastures of Brachiaria decumbens." Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín 73, no. 2 (2020): 9151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v73n2.77292.
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Two studies were performed to establish the best defoliation frequency in Brachiaria decumbens using the number of leaves per tiller as a criterion. In the first study, 3,500 tillers with 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 leaves were collected in 10 farms. The number of green, senescent, and dead leaves was counted. A pooled sample of tillers by each farm with a given number of leaves was analyzed for nutritional quality; a complete randomized block design was used for this study. In a second study, it was implemented a complete ramdomized design with repeated measures over time (2 defoliations), and the effect of defoliating B. decumbens at 3, 4, or 5 leaves per tiller on its growth, dry matter yield, and nutritional quality were evaluated. In the first study, all leaves remained green until the tiller had 3 leaves. At the fourth leaf, few tillers (2.3%) had senescent leaves, but at 6 leaves, most tillers had senescent (40.6%) or dead (24.4%) leaves. Crude protein and digestibility decreased as the number of leaves in a tiller increased (P<0.001). In the second study, the rate of dry matter accumulation was the highest for plots defoliated at 4 leaves (P<0.05). Green stems (43.9%) represented a larger proportion of dry matter than green leaves (31.4%), and their proportions were similar among treatments. Crude protein and digestibility of stems decreased as the number of leaves per tiller increased (P<0.001), but the quality of leaves was similar. These findings suggest that these pastures should be defoliated at 4 leaves per tiller.
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Quayum, MA, and Amin Muhammad Ali. "Adoption and Diffusion of Power Tillers in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 37, no. 2 (2012): 307–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i2.11234.
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The present study examines the extent of adoption of power tillers (PT) in Bangladesh and analyzes the variation in adoption across regions and across farms in selected areas to investigate the justification for wider use of power tillers. Primary and secondary data were used. Primary data were collected from 267 sample farmers from eight villages of four upazilas of four districts using proportionately stratified random sampling technique. Secondary data were collected from different published sources. The average growth rate of power tillers in Bangladesh was 21.0 percent during 1993-2003. Power tillers are unevenly distributed all over the country. The highest and the lowest adoption of power tillers were 44.4 and 3.6 percent in Rajshahi and Barisal divisions respectively. The percentage of area cultivated under power tiller is 69.6. Multiple regression analysis indicates that there is a significant relationship between number of PT and credit availability. The credit availability may be a decisive factor in increasing cropping intensity which requires reduction of turnaround time. Irrigated area, number of small farm holdings and credit availability are found to have significant and positive association with intensity of power tiller use in different regions of Bangladesh. Analysis of Logit Model applied to farm level data indicates that the educational level and income surplus of farmers have significant positive relationship with ownership of power tillers. The coefficients of adult family members and number of draught power owned by the farmers are however found to be significantly negative. The number of power tiller is increasing with the decreasing of draught animal power. Thus credit should be provided to the farmers and owners of all regions of the country to buy power tillers to adopt evenly to increase crop production profitably. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i2.11234 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(2): 307-325, June 2012
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Dahal, Khem R., and Ram B. Khadka. "Performance of Rice with Varied Age of Seedlings and Planting Geometry under System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in Farmer’s Field in Western Terai, Nepal." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 13, no. 2 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i2.7706.
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Numbers of on-farm experiments were conducted to assess the performance of rice ( var. Sabitri) cultivated using System of Rice Intensification (SRI) with varied age of seedlings and planting geometry in four VDCs of Kailali, far western Nepal, under the aegis of Farmers’ Field School (FFS) during the rainy season of 2010. The experiment consisted of the seedlings of four age groups; 8, 15, 22 and 29-days and four planting geometry; 15x15cm2, 20x20cm2, 25x25cm2 and 30x30cm2 planted in four FFSs. Parameters such as number of tillers per hill, effective tillers /m2, 1000 seed weight (TGW) and grain yield were recorded. The results showed that 8-days-old seedlings produced significantly higher number of tillers per hill (40) and effective tiller per m2 (373), higher 1000 seed weight (21.10 g), grain yield (7.8ton/ha), net return (Rs.71900/ha) and B:C ratio (1.594). Similarly, crop planted in the geometry of 25x25 cm2 produced significantly higher number of tillers per hill(36), effective tiller per m2 (328), higher 1000 grain weight (21.50 g), grain yield (8.54mt/ha), net return (Rs.83350/ha) and B:C ratio (1.84). Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 2 (2012) 1-6 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i2.7706
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Munira, FN Kamarum, Md Parvez Anwar, Sabina Yeasmin, Md Harun Or Rashid, Mst Farzana Rahman, and Israt Urmee. "Performance of hybrid rice grown from separated tillers." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 17, no. 4 (2019): 507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v17i4.44619.
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The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during July to November 2016 to investigate the performance of separated tillers of hybrid rice variety Dhani Gold. The experiment comprised three times of tiller transplantation viz. 3, 4 and 5 week aged tiller seedlings and four levels of number of tiller seedlings transplanted hill-1 viz. 2, 3, 4 and 5 tiller seedlings hill-1 laid out in a split plot design with 3 replications. The highest plant height was obtained when 3-week aged tiller seedlings were transplanted at the rate of 3 tiller seedlings hill-1. The highest number of total tillers hill-1 and number of effective tillers hill-1 were found when 3-week aged tiller seedlings were transplanted with 5 tiller seedlings hill-1. The highest grains panicle-1 was obtained when 4-week aged tiller seedlings were transplanted with 5 tiller seedlings hill-1. The highest grain yield was found when 3-week aged tiller seedlings were transplanted with 5 tiller seedlings hill-1. The lowest grain yield was found when 5-week aged tiller seedlings were transplanted with 2 tiller seedlings hill-1 in hybrid rice variety Dhani Gold. Based on the findings of the present study it may be concluded that 3-week old tiller seedlings of Dhani Gold should be transplanted at the rate of 4 or 5 tiller seedlings hill-1 for higher yield. Thus present study confirms the potentiality of growing hybrid rice from separated tillers in case of unavailability of seedlings or to minimize the seed cost of high value hybrid rice seeds.
 
 J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(4): 507–513, 2019
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Santos, Manoel Eduardo Rozalino, Amanda Bortoleto Ávila, Angélica Nunes de Carvalho, et al. "Marandu palisade grass management strategies at the beginning of the deferment period and effects on tillering." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 39, no. 4 (2018): 1617. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n4p1617.
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Pasture mowing at the beginning of deferment stimulates tillering and can be used in different ways. The aim of this study was to understand how the mowing of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu Syn. Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu (marandu palisade grass) prior to the deferment period modifies tillering activity and the characteristics of young, mature, and old tillers. Three mowing strategies were evaluated: canopies kept at a height of 15 cm for five months before deferment (15/15 cm); canopies kept at 30 cm (30/15 cm) or 45 cm (45/15 cm) for five months before deferment and posteriorly cut to 15 cm at the start of the deferment period. The structural characteristics of young, mature, and old tillers of marandu palisade grass were compared only at the end of the deferment period. The tiller appearance rate was greater before (16.0%) than during (6.4%) the deferment period, but a contrasting response pattern was observed for the tiller mortality rate. The defoliation strategies that resulted in greater numbers of tillers in the canopies were 30/15 cm (2,098 tillers m-²) and 45/15 cm (2,160 tillers m-2). The defoliation strategy that generated the greatest percentage of young tillers in the canopy was 45/15 cm (26.1%), while the percentage of old tillers was greater in the canopies submitted to the 15/15 cm (64.1%) and 30/15 cm (61.5%) strategies. Weight and percentage of live stems of mature and old tillers were greater in relation to young tillers. The percentage of live leaves was grater in young tillers (52.6%), intermediate in mature tillers (41.4%), and lower in old tillers (21.3%). Regarding the percentage of dead leaves, the opposite trend was observed, where the percentage was greater in the old than in young tillers. Leaf area was greater in mature tillers (55.3 cm²) than in old tillers (29.2 cm²). Mowing of the marandu palisade grass to 15 cm at the beginning of the deferment period increases the number of young tillers, which have a more favorable morphological composition than mature and old tillers.
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HUCL, P., and R. J. BAKER. "EFFECT OF SEEDING DEPTH AND TEMPERATURE ON TILLERING CHARACTERISTICS OF FOUR SPRING WHEAT CULTIVARS." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 70, no. 2 (1990): 409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps90-048.
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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of seeding depth and temperature on tillering patterns of cultivars of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with diverse tillering capacities. Four cultivars (Ingal, Neepawa, Pitic 62 and Potam) were grown at three seeding depths (3, 6 and 12 cm) and two temperature regimes (10/5 °C and 20/10 °C) in a controlled environment. Times to emergence of individual tillers were recorded as were their biomass, leaf area and leaf number at the time of main stem spike emergence. Increasing the seeding depth from 3 to 6 cm delayed seedling emergence, and reduced and delayed emergence particularly of the coleoptilar (TO) and first leaf (T1) tillers of all cultivars. Increased temperature resulted in reduced time to seedling and tiller emergence for all cultivars, increased (+13%) final tiller number in Pitic 62, little change in final tiller numbers of Neepawa and Ingal, and a significant reduction (−24%) in final tiller number for Potam. Pitic differed from other cultivars in having a vernalization requirement that affected its response to temperature. Potam differed from the other cultivars in showing an increase in main stem apical dominance with increased temperature. Tillers which had produced a minimum of three or four leaves, depending on the cultivar, had not senesced at the time of main stem spike emergence.Key words: Wheat (spring), tillering, seeding depth, temperature, cultivar-environmental interaction
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Cattani, D. J., S. R. Smith Jr, and P. R. Miller. "Relationship of shoot morphology between seedlings and established turf in creeping bentgrass." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 76, no. 2 (1996): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps96-050.
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Shoot morphological characteristics are important determinants of turf quality in creeping bentgrass. The objectives of this research were to determine differences for tiller and stolon characteristics among creeping bentgrass cultivars and germplasms and compare these characteristics between seedlings and established turf. Two experiments involving 10 and 15 entries were grown in controlled environment chambers and harvested as seedlings at 21, 35 and 49 d and 21, 28 and 35 d, respectively. Nine and fifteen creeping bentgrass entries were grown in separate field experiments on sand-based golf greens and core samples were taken for subsequent measurements at 3 yr and 1 yr, respectively. Tiller and stolon measurements included seedling tillers plant−1 in the controlled environment; tillers m−2 on established turf; and leaf number, leaf width, plant height/stolon length, internode length, internode number, and stolon diameter in all experiments. The correlation coefficient for seedling tillers plant−1 at 35 d between the two controlled environment experiments was r = 0.835 and for tiller density between the two field experiments was r = 0.930. There were differences among the creeping bentgrass entries for tiller number (9 7 to 20.2) and internode length (20 to 54 mm) when measured at 35 d and for tiller density (67 to 227 × 103 m−2) in established turf. Correlation coefficients between seedling tillers plant−1 at 35 d and tiller number m−2 in established turf ranged from r = 0 701 to r = 0 826. There was also a high correlation for stolon internode length between seedling and established turf, with r values ranging from r = 0 725 to r = 0.948. These results document differences for tiller and stolon characteristics between creeping bentgrass cultivars and germplasms and indicate the potential for plant improvement of these characteristics in creeping bentgrass using 35-d-old seedlings in a controlled environment. Key words: Creeping bentgrass, tiller number, tiller density, stolons, turf, seedling
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M. P., Devika, Nimisha Mathews, Murugan M, Deepa S. Nair, and Sreekala G. S. "Comparative Evaluation of Growth Attributes in Three Major Cultivars of Small Cardamom [Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton] during the Early Growth Stage." Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 28, no. 6 (2025): 184–91. https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2025/v28i62384.
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An evaluation of three natural cultivars of small cardamom [Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton], namely Malabar, Mysore, and Vazhukka, was conducted during the secondary nursery stage at the Cardamamom Research Station, Pampadumpara, to assess variations in growth attributes. Observations on tiller height, tiller thickness, tiller number, number of leaves per clump, leaf length and width, emerging bud number, and dry matter content of leaves and pseudostems were recorded at 4, 8, and 12 months after planting (MAP). Tiller height, tiller thickness, and the number of tillers increased progressively with growth across all cultivars. Mysore consistently recorded the highest tiller height and dry matter accumulation, followed by Vazhukka, while Malabar exhibited the greatest number of tillers and emerging buds. Significant differences were observed among cultivars for tiller thickness at early stages and for dry matter content of leaves and pseudostems. The study highlights the importance of nursery stage evaluation in understanding early growth dynamics of these cultivars in guiding the selection of suitable cultivars for field establishment and productivity optimization.
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Santos, Manoel Eduardo Rozalino, Angélica Nunes Carvalho, Adenilson José Paiva, et al. "Contribution of tiller age category to herbage accumulation of Marandu palisadegrass under two fertilization regimes." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 43, no. 1 (2022): 211–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n1p211.
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Based on the hypothesis that climate and fertilizers influence the proportion of tiller age categories in the canopy and, consequently, in herbage accumulation, the objective of this study was to determine the population density and the contribution of tiller age categories for herbage accumulation of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu during the year and in response to phosphate and nitrogen fertilization. The treatments consisted of two fertilization strategies: low and high fertilization and three tiller ages (young, mature and old), evaluated at four times of the year: winter, early and late spring, and summer. The total number of tillers and the proportion of young tillers were higher in late spring and summer. The growth and herbage accumulation rates showed a typical seasonal pattern and were higher in the canopy under high fertilization. Old tillers contributed more to control the total stem growth rate, as well as the canopy senescence rate. The highest percentage of young tillers is related to the high herbage accumulation in the Marandu palisadegrass canopy.
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Ramirez, L., and JB Hacker. "Effect of time of tiller emergence and nitrogen fertiliser on seed yield components of Digitaria eriantha cv. Premier." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 2 (1996): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9960189.
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The effect of fertiliser nitrogen (N) and season (spring or autumn seed harvests) on tiller appearance, development and survival, and seed production in D. eriantha was investigated in a trial in south-east Queensland. In both spring and autumn, rate of tillering was maximal within the first week after cutting and declined rapidly thereafter, regardless of the level of applied N. Rate of tillering was greater in spring than in autumn. Tiller survival decreased as tiller emergence was delayed, and with increasing levels of applied N. At seed harvest, early-emerged tillers were consistently taller, heavier, thicker, and more fertile than late-emerged tillers, and they contributed most of the inflorescences. Fertility of all tillers was increased by application of N, particularly in spring. Seed yield, percentage seed set, and 1000-seed weight were larger in early-emerged tillers, which also bore the biggest inflorescences with the most spikelets per inflorescence, although spikelet number per unit raceme length was lower than on inflorescences borne on late-formed tillers. In general, the effect of N on seed yield components (inflorescence size, 1000-seed weight and seed set) was not significant. Early-emerged tillers contributed more than 70% of the total seed yield in both seasons.
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BISWAS, P. K., and V. M. SALOKHE. "Effects of planting date, intensity of tiller separation and plant density on the yield of transplanted rice." Journal of Agricultural Science 137, no. 3 (2001): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859601001307.
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Experiments were conducted in Bangkok clay soil to investigate the influence of planting date, tiller separation and plant density on the yield and yield attributes of parent and clone plants of two transplanted rice varieties. The 15 July transplanting of mother crop and collected vegetative tillers and retransplanting on 15 August showed significantly high grain yield (3·8 t/ha). The photoperiod-insensitive variety RD23 gave higher yield (3·8 t/ha) than the photoperiod-sensitive variety KDML105 (3·0 t/ha). Tiller separation up to 4 tillers/hill did not adversely affect the mother crop. Vegetative tillers transplanted with 2–4 tillers/hill gave a similar yield as the mother crop in both the seasons. Vegetative tillers gave a higher yield than nursery seedlings transplanted on the same date. The yield components, i.e. weight of 1000 grains, grains/panicle and per cent filled grains, showed better responses with early transplanting of KDML105 in the mother crop and vegetative tillers except for panicle number and panicle length of vegetative tillers with RD23. The results suggest that in some flood-prone lowlands, where the transplanted crop is damaged by natural hazards, vegetative propagation using tillers separated (maximum 4/hill) from the previously established transplanted crop is beneficial for higher productivity.
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Rahman, KS, SK Paul, and MAR Sarkar. "Performance of separated tillers of transplant Aman rice at different levels of urea super granules." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 40, no. 4 (2016): 581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v40i4.26933.
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An experiment was conducted at the research field of Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during June to December 2012 to investigate the effect of age of tiller seedlings, number of tiller seedlings hill-1 and application of urea super granules (USG) on the yield and yield contributing characters of transplant Aman rice (cv. BRRI dhan52). The experiment consisted of two ages of tiller seedlings viz. 25 and 35-days old, three levels of tiller seedlings hill-1 viz. 1, 3 and 5 seedlings hill-1 and three levels of USG viz. 0, 1.8 (55 kg N ha-1) and 2.7g USG (80 kg N ha-1) four hill-1 in every alternate row. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (Factorial) with three replications. The highest plant height, number of effective tillers hill-1, number of total tillers hill-1, number of total spikelets panicle-1, number of grains panicle-1, grain yield and harvest index were found in 1.8 g USG applied @ one granule 4-hill-1. The highest number of sterile spikelets panicle-1 was found in control treatment and the lowest in 1.8 g USG. The highest number of effective tillers hill-1, number of total spikelets panicle-1 and grain yield ha-1 was found when 5 tiller seedlings were transplanted hill-1 combined with 1.8 g USG. Application of urea super granules 1.8 g (55 kg N ha-1) at 10 days after transplanting @ one granule 4-hill-1 in every alternate row with 25 day old tiller seedlings using 5 tiller seedlings hill-1 was found beneficial for grain yield of transplant Aman rice. Tiller separation could be an alternative source of seedling during seedling scarcity.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40(4): 581-590, December 2015
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Mieth, Fernanda Maria, Emilso Damm dos Santos, Diego Nicolau Follmann, Anderson Crestani Pereira, and Ricardo Ismael Raddatz. "Evaluation of top-dressing fertilization with nitrogen for the morphophysiology of wheat crops." Agronomía Colombiana 42, no. 1 (2024): e113430. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v42n1.113430.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different management of nitrogen fertilization in top dressing on the morphophysiology of spring wheat cultivars in a low-altitude subtropical environment of Brazil. The experiment was carried out in 2022 in a greenhouse. The experiment had a randomized block design. We evaluated 10 wheat cultivars with two different applications of nitrogen with three replicates. The variables evaluated included the number of fertile tillers, plant height, length of the main spike and tiller, number of spikelets in the main spike and tiller, number of grains in the main spike and tiller, number of grains per plant and mass of grains in the main spike and tiller. For wheat cultivated in a low-altitude subtropical environment, nitrogen installments have no influence on the number of fertile tillers, plant height, or crop yield components. It was possible to infer that the difference obtained in the tillering pattern of the cultivars tested was due to their genetic potential.
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Mahalakshmi, V., and F. R. Bidinger. "Water deficit during panicle development in pearl millet: yield compensation by tillers." Journal of Agricultural Science 106, no. 1 (1986): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600061815.
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SUMMARYWater deficit during the panicle development stage reduced the grain yield of the main shoot panicle of pearl millet but this loss was compensated by increased grain yield of the tillers. The potential extent of compensation in grain yield components by tillers was investigated by removing the main shoot at panicle initiation (PI) and flowering stages respectively, for both irrigated and water-stressed plants. Grain yield loss by removal of the main shoot of plants at PI was fully compensated by tiller grain yield in both the irrigated and water-stressed plants. The compensation was, however, only partial when the main shoot was removed at flowering. The compensation for the grain yield loss in the main shoot due to either water stress or removal was through an increase in number of grains on the tillers. This increase was due to an increase in the number of productive tillers in the case of water stress and to both an increase in the number of productive tillers and an increase in the number of grains per panicle in the case of main shoot removal. This compensatory mechanism by tillers plays an important role in overcoming the effects of pre-flowering water stress damage to the main shoot.
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Bergoli, T. L., M. G. Rocha, L. Pötter, et al. "Tillering dynamics of Alexandergrass pasture under nitrogen fertilization." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 71, no. 6 (2019): 2049–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-11153.
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ABSTRACT This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization on tillering dynamics of Alexandergrass (Urochloa plantaginea (Link) Hitch) grazed by beef heifers in a rotational stocking grazing method. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design following a repeated measure arrangement, three levels of nitrogen (Zero, 150 and 300kg ha-1) and two area repetition. The classification of tillers into categories (basal and axillary) showed a greater number of basal tillers, due to their higher appearance rate, in the absence of nitrogen fertilization. Nitrogen fertilization promoted higher axillary tiller density. The use of nitrogen promotes the renewal of axillary tillers of Alexandergrass, without compromising the stability of the tiller population.
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Islam, MM, and MS Monjil. "Effect of aqueous extracts of some indigenous medicinal plants on sheath blight of rice." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 14, no. 1 (2016): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v14i1.30589.
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Aqueous extract of some indigenous plant parts were evaluated for its efficacy to control sheath blight of rice. Six treatments were applied, viz. T1- control (water spray), T2- Tulsi (Ocientific tenuiflorum) extract (1:10), T3- Nishinda (Vitex negundu) extract (1:10), T4- Thankuni (Centella asiatica) extracts (1:10), T5- Biskatali (Polygonum hydropiper) extract (1:10) and T6- Proud (Propiconazole @ 0.2%) as a positive control. Effect of these plant extracts on percent tiller infection and percent relative lesion height of sheath blight of rice cultivar BRRI dhan 49 was determined at 55, 75 and 95 day after transplanting (DAT). Number of infected tillers per hill differed significantly among the different treatments. The highest number of infected tillers was observed in control treatment. The lowest and statistically similar number of infected tillers was found in fungicide, Proud (Propiconazole)- and Biskatali- treated plots. Reduced number of infected tillers was observed in Tulsi, Thankuni and Nishinda. Highest percent tiller infection was recorded in control and lowest percent tiller infection was recorded in Proud and Biskatali, which were statistically similar. Nishinda, Tulsi and Thankuni had reduced tiller infection in compare to control. Percent reduction of tiller infection over control was achieved by proud followed by Biskatali. The highest lesion height was observed in control and lowest lesion height was found in Proud followed by Biskatali. The highest percent relative lesion height was recorded in control followed by Thankuni. The lowest percent relative lesion height was recorded in Proud preceded by Biskatali. Highest percent reduction of relative lesion height over control was achieved by proud followed by Biskatali. Thus, plant extracts of Biskatali, Tulsi, Nishinda and Thankuni are effective to control sheath blight of rice. Among the plant extracts, Biskatali showed highest control of sheath blight disease of rice.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(1): 7-12, June 2016
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Danladi, S., Garba, A.A., and Sabo, M.U. "EFFECT OF SEED SOWING TYPE AND SEED RATE ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF FONIO (Digitaria exilis L.) IN BOGORO, BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA." Nigerian Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology 5, no. 1A (2025): 139–56. https://doi.org/10.59331/njaat.v5i1a.978.
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Field experiment was conducted during the cropping seasons of 2017 and 2018 at the research farm of Bauchi State Agricultural Development Programme sub-zonal headquarters Bogoro, Bauchi State to determine the effect of seed sowing type and seed rate on the productivity of fonio (Digiteria exilis). The treatment consist of two seed sowing types (pure seed and seed mixed with sand) using broadcasting method and five different seed rates (50, 60, 70, 80 and 90kgha-1). The two seed sowing type and five seed rates were factorially combined and laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Growth and yield characters studied were plant height, leaf area, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, number of tillers per plant, days to 50% flowering, number of seeds per tiller, 1000-seed weight and seed yield (kg/ha). The results obtained showed that, the use of pure seed during seed sowing produced significantly (P< 0.05) taller plant, thicker stem diameter, wider leaves, higher number of tillers, higher number of seeds per tiller, heavier seed and seed yield (kgha-1) than when seeds were mixed with sand before sowing. The seed rates also differed significantly (P< 0.05) in all the growth and yield characters, where sowing of 50kg seed was observed to produce significantly (P< 0.05) higher number of leaves, tillers, seeds per tiller, seed weight and seed yield (kgha-1) than the rest of the treatments used. Sowing of 90kgha-1 on the other hand, produced the least seed yield. Growing the crop in 2018 rainy season was observed to produce significantly (P< 0.05) higher numbers of leaves, seeds per tiller and seed weight than 2017 rainy season. It therefore, became clear that sowing fonio seeds purely without sand at the rate of 50kgha-1 can be recommended to farners in the study area.
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Cullen, B. R., D. F. Chapman, and P. E. Quigley. "Persistence of Phalaris aquatica in grazed pastures. 2. Regenerative bud and tiller development." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 1 (2005): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03228.
Full textAbstract:
The summer survival, regeneration and tillering characteristics of phalaris (Phalaris aquatica cv. Australian) were examined in pastures using 4 grazing management systems in a grazing trial in south-western Victoria over 2 consecutive seasons. The grazing treatments tested covered a range of management intensities from a set-stocked with low phosphate input system to an intensive rotation with high phosphate. The soil fertility and grazing methods tested had no effect on the plant developmental characteristics measured in the field. The phalaris tiller population regenerated exclusively from dormant buds, as no vegetative tillers formed in the late spring/early summer survived through to the autumn break. On average, 3.7 regenerative buds were formed on each reproductive tiller. Half of these regenerative buds grew out in the field during the following growing season forming a new tiller. Of the new tillers formed, 71% produced at least 1 secondary tiller, with the average total number of secondary and higher tillers produced per new tiller being 4.5. Across both seasons, an average of 6.7% of the maximum vegetative tiller density became reproductive, and these reproductive tillers each contributed 3.7 buds to the population’s regenerative capacity in the following season. A simple model of bud development and tiller turnover showed that each regenerative bud at the start of the growing season was replaced by 0.54 buds at the start of the following season, indicating a substantial population decline. Reproductive tiller density was identified as a key limitation to phalaris persistence in this experiment. It is proposed that lowering grazing intensity during spring will increase the proportion of tillers that become reproductive and enhance phalaris persistence.
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Adhikari, D. "Short communication: System of wheat intensification in farmers’ field of Sindhuli, Nepal." Agronomy Journal of Nepal 3 (October 24, 2013): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v3i0.9019.
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Food requirement is increasing day by day whereas production of food is not sufficient or decreasing due to various factors. In Nepal, wheat is third major cereal crop after rice and maize both in area and production, and can be grown all over the country successfully during winter season. A study was conducted during 2011/12 to determine the performance of System of Wheat Intensification (SWI) at farmers’ field of Bhimasthan, Sindhuli, Nepal. Germinated seed of wheat variety Bhirkuti was shown on 6th Dec 2011 in the spacing 20x20 cm. Average tiller number and number of effective tillers were 25 and 21 respectively. Average plant height was 61.5 cm. at 65 Days after Sowing. The results of this study showed that plant height, numbers of tillers/ hill, number of productive tillers, panicle length, and production were found higher in SWI method. Yield of wheat variety (Bhirkuti) was found 2.6, 2.4 and 2.3 kg/4 m2 in SWI, Line sown and broadcast practices, respectively. Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) Vol. 3. 2013, Page 168-171 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v3i0.9019
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Zhang, Rongjun, Dianfeng Zheng, Naijie Feng, et al. "Effect of salt stress on different tiller positions in rice and the regulatory effect of prohexadione calcium." PeerJ 12 (December 27, 2024): e18357. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18357.
Full textAbstract:
Soil salinization has resulted in a significant decrease in crop yields, particularly affecting the production of crops like rice (Oryza sativa L.). Prohexadione calcium (Pro-Ca) can enhance crop resilience against failure by managing plant height. However, its impact on various tiller positions during the tillering phase of rice under salt stress remains unknown. This study explores the distinct effects of salt stress on the physiological traits of the main stem and different tiller segments of rice plants, along with the role of Pro-Ca in mitigating salt stress. The findings revealed that under salt stress conditions, the number of tillers and leaves on the main stem decreased significantly in rice. Moreover, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 in the leaves and stems of each tiller position notably increased. The percentage of tillers experiencing reduction or elevation was higher than that of the main stem compared to the respective control. Application of Pro-Ca through foliar spraying under NaCl stress effectively alleviated the impact of salt stress on the tiller growth of rice during the tillering phase. It also boosted the activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in the leaves and stems of the tillers. Furthermore, it successfully mitigated the damage inflicted by salt stress on the cell membrane of rice tillers during the tillering phase. The regulatory effect of calcium on cyclic acid was particularly pronounced in alleviating the impact on the tillers under salt stress conditions.
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Coelho, Jobson Paixão de Amorim, Eliezer Santurbano Gervásio, Teógene Souza de Sá, Márkilla Zunete Beckmann Cavalcante, and Sabrina Gomes de Souza. "Management of tillering in the production of flower stems of heliconia cultivated in pots." Comunicata Scientiae 10, no. 3 (2019): 353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v10i3.2716.
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Potted cultivation of tropical flowers presents good projections for the northeastern region of Brazil; however, it still faces some peculiarities regarding conduction and management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of tillering on the production of Heliconia psittacorum L.f. cv. Red Opal, grown in flowerpot. The experiment was carried out in a protected environment at the Campus of Agricultural Sciences (CCA) of UNIVASF, Petrolina - PE, Brazil, between 2014 and 2016. A completely randomized design was used, with four tiller densities per pot (4, 8, 12 and 16 tillers) and eight replications, totaling 32 plots. The irrigation system was automated and monitored by weighing lysimetry. Were evaluated: efficiency of water use (EUA); harvested flower stems (HC); ratio of harvested stems and number of tillers (HC / NP); number of leaves (NF); duration of vegetative (DFV) and productive phases (DFP); total cycle (CT); floral stem length (CHF); floral stem diameter (DH), bracts length (CB) and equivalent diameter of the collar (DECH). The results were subjected to regression test. The EUA was higher in the density of 16 tillers pot-1; the HC variable presented an increasing linear trend; a decreasing linear trend was detected for HC/NP, NF, DFP, DH, CB and DECH. The number of tillers in the pot does not limit the emission of floral stems. However, the quality of these is inversely proportional to the tiller density.
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PAUL, RESMI, and MR SHYLAJA. "Correlation and path analysis of somaclones of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)." Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences 35, no. 4 (2013): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.62029/jmaps.v35i4.paul.
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Correlation and path analys is of rhizome yiel d-contributing characters were carried out in 82 somaclones of ginger cv. Rio-de-Janei ro regenerated i n vi tro vi a adventiti ous shoot bud organogenesis. The results revealed that the analyzed characters such as height of pseudostem, number of tillers/ plant, number of leaves/ tiller, leaf length, leaf breath, leaf area, number of primary, secondary and terti ary fingers, length and girth of primary and secondary fingers, inter nodal length of primary and secondary fingers, thickness of inner core of rhizome and rhizome yield have positive correlation with crop yield. Direct selection based on leaf area, length and girth of primary fingers, number of tillers/ plant, thickness of inner core of rhizome and number of leaves/ tiller could be taken as good selection criteria to isolated high yielding genotypes of this medicinal herb.
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Waller, R. A., P. E. Quigley, G. R. Saul, G. A. Kearney, and P. W. G. Sale. "Tactical versus continuous stocking for persistence of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in pastures grazed by sheep in south-western Victoria." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 39, no. 3 (1999): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98154.
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The survival of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) plants was studied in sheep pastures in south-western Victoria during the dry summer of 1996–97. Recruitment of perennial ryegrass seedlings into the pasture sward was also monitored in the autumn–winter periods in 1997 and 1998. The objective was to investigate whether a tactical stocking strategy, consisting of variable length summer, autumn and winter rotations and continuous stocking in spring, might increase perennial ryegrass tiller survival and seedling recruitment in the autumn, compared with continuous stocking all year. The grazing strategies were compared on 2 contrasting pastures: an upgraded pasture [sown with newer cultivars of perennial ryegrass and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) with 26 kg phosphorus/ha.year as applied fertiliser] and a naturalised perennial ryegrass pasture receiving 6 kg P/ha.year. Paddocks were grazed by Border Leicester × Merino ewes, mated to a terminal sire so as to lamb in September. Perennial ryegrass tiller density was higher on the upgraded pasture with a mean density of 7750 tillers/m2 in early summer which declined to zero live tillers by mid summer. Live tillers began to reappear before the opening rains and then increased after the rain. Mean tiller density in the upgraded pasture declined over the 2 summers, with only 2050 tillers/m2 being present 2 months after the opening rains in 1998. There were no effects (P>0.05) of pasture type or grazing strategy on the number of tagged tillers that survived the summer period. Only 12% of the vegetative tillers, randomly tagged in December 1996, survived to May 1997. More than half of the tillers (56%) that produced a seedhead produced daughter tillers which survived the dry summer–autumn period. A significant (P<0.05) interaction between grazing strategy and pasture type occurred with the number of perennial ryegrass seedlings that had established 4 weeks after the opening rains in 1997. There was a 5–11-fold increase in seedling numbers which regenerated in the tactically stocked, upgraded pasture compared with the other treatments. Seedling recruitment was considerably lower in the autumn of 1998, due presumably to an overall decline in perennial ryegrass density relative to annual grasses in 1997. A second experiment investigated the effect of excluding sheep from grazing at anthesis until seedhead maturation or until the opening rains, together with a mechanical seed dislodgment treatment at seed maturity. All exclusion treatments increased seedling recruitment 4–7-fold, compared with continuous stocking. The results suggest a possible mechanism by which perennial ryegrass density can be increased without expensive reseeding.
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Svobodová, M., J. Martinek, T. Králíčková, I. Našinec, and J. Šantrůček. "Competition ability of selected amenity varieties of Festuca rubra in mixture with Deschampsia caespitosa." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 49, No. 2 (2013): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/86/2011-cjgpb.
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The aim of the research was to evaluate the competition capacity and find suitable proportion of different types of Festuca rubra and Deschampsia caespitosa in grass mixtures for decorative lawns. A field experiment with Deschampsia caespitosa cv. Kometa in monoculture or in mixtures with Festuca rubra L. varieties Viktorka (ssp. trichophylla), Barborka (ssp. commutata) and Petruna (ssp. rubra) was established in Větrov in 2007. The sowing rate was 40 000 viable seeds per m<sup>2</sup> (0, 25, 50 or 75% of F. rubra). The sward was mown at 3 cm. The number and weight of tillers of the turf components were evaluated during three years. The highest number of tillers (on average 63.3 thousand/m<sup>2</sup>) and weight of the dry aboveground phytomass (on average 196 g/m<sup>2</sup>) were found with F. rubra ssp. trichophylla. Its particular tillers had the lowest dry weight (0.32 g/100 tillers). The lowest number of tillers (32.9 thousand/m<sup>2</sup>) and low weight of dry aboveground phytomass (134 g/m<sup>2</sup>) showed mixtures with F. rubra ssp. rubra, whose tiller weight was relatively high (0.42 g/100 tillers). The size of F. rubra tillers was not influenced either by the mixture composition or by vegetation years. The number of F. rubra tillers was not significantly different in the third and first vegetation year. The number of D. caespitosa tillers in monoculture decreased during the years from 45 to 30 thousand/m<sup>2</sup>, but the weight of dry aboveground phytomass increased significantly from 233 g/m<sup>2</sup> to 318 g/m<sup>2</sup>. Poor competition of D. caespitosa was found in the mixture with F. rubra ssp. commutata (on average 4% of total number of tillers and 7% of the total weight of the dry aboveground phytomass). F. rubra ssp. trichophylla was less competitive and the least competition with D. caespitosa was found in F. rubra ssp. rubra, After three years the proportion of D. caespitosa in mixtures with F. rubra ssp. rubra significantly increased to 36% of the total number of tillers and to 55% of the total weight of phytomass. Mixtures of D. caespitosa and F. rubra ssp. rubra were found to be promising for low input lawns.
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Jannah, Kennaya Putri Aura, Iwan Prihantoro, and Panca dewi manu hara Karti. "Optimasi Level Benzyl Amino Purin (BAP) terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kembang Telang (Clitoria ternatea) melalui Teknik Kultur Jaringan." Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan 21, no. 2 (2023): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jintp.21.2.100-106.
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The research objective was to measure the optimum level of BAP for supporting the growth of butterfly pea flowers through tissue culture techniques. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments based on BAP media levels (BAP 0 ppm, BAP 0.5 ppm, BAP 1 ppm, BAP 1.5 ppm, and BAP 2 ppm) and 20 replications. Parameters measured were plant height, plant height increase, number of leaves, number of branches, number of tillers, percentage of tiller growth, plant weight, and leaf color. The results showed that the use of BAP levels 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 ppm in butterfly pea flower plants through tissue culture techniques was not effective in increasing plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, number of tillers, and percentage of tillers at the end of the research (27 DAP). Using an optimum BAP level of 0.5 ppm resulted in higher biomass production and the dominance of green leaf color visualization.
 Key words: BAP (Benzyl Amino Purine), butterfly pea, Clitoria ternatea, tissue culture
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Pijush, karmakar, and Wahidul Islam Md. "Effect of NPK Briquette on the Growth and Yield of Boro Rice (BRRI Dhan29)." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Informative Research and Review (IJMIRR) Volume 1, Issue 1 (2020): 104–17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4309803.
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<em>An experiment was conducted at the Research Farm, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during the period from November 2016 to May2017 to study the effect of NPK briquette on the growth and yield of boro rice (BRRI dhan29). The experiment consisted of eight treatments viz.T1 (No fertilizer; Control), T2 (RFD (Recommended fertilizer dose), T3 (2 NPK briquette of 2.40 sized), T4 (1 NPK briquette of 2.40 sized), T5 (3 NPK briquette of 2.40 sized), T6 (2 NPK briquette of 2.40 sized + 1 top dressing at tiller stage @ ¼ of RDF), T7 (1 NPK briquette of 2.40 sized + 1 top dressing at tiller stage @ ¼ of RDF) and T8 (3 NPK briquette of 2.40 sized + 1 top dressing at tiller stage @ ¼ of RDF). BRRI dhan29 was used as a test crop for the experiment. The experiment was laid out following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Results showed that the highest number of tillers hill-1 (21.56), number of effective tillers hill-1 (20.66), number of filled grains panicle-1 (116.36), number of total grains panicle-1 (120.98), panicle length (24.62 cm), grain yield (8.44 t ha-1), straw yield (9.88 t ha-1), biological yield (18.32 t ha-1) and harvest index (46.07%) were found from the treatment, T3 (2 NPK briquette of 2.40 sized). The lowest results on the respected parameters were found from T1 (No fertilizer; Control). The lowest number of non-effective tillers hill-1(0.90) and number of unfilled grains panicle-1 (4.62) was found from the treatment, T3 (2 NPK briquette of 2.40 sized). The highest value of the N, P and K content in post-harvest soil was obtained from treatment T8 (3 NPK briquette of 2.40 sized + 1 top dressing at tiller stage @ ¼ of RDF) and T1 (No fertilizer; Control) treated soil showed the lowest.</em>
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Mittelmann, Andréa, and Elizandra Döring Buchweitz. "Half-sib progenies evaluation in velvet grass." Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 10, no. 3 (2010): 254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-70332010000300011.
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Velvet grass (Holcus lanatus L.) has a great potential use for winter pasture in subtropical regions due to its good establishment, persistence, high forage production, cold resistance, palatability and tillering ability. The objective of this work was to estimate genetic variability and heritability of agronomic traits and to identify superior progenies. Sixty half-sib progenies were assessed for natural height at the vegetative stage (NH), plant diameter (diameter), heading date (cycle), final height (after flowering) (FH), and tiller number (tillers). Difference among progenies was observed for all traits. Heritability estimates were 38%, 32%, 92%, 57% and 64% for NH, diameter, cycle, FH and tillers, respectively. The highest genetic gain estimate was 30.77 % for the tiller number. There is genetic variability for all the traits and gains after selection among half-sib progenies can be expected.
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Křen, J., K. Klem, I. Svobodová, P. Míša, and L. Neudert. "Yield and grain quality of spring barley as affected by biomass formation at early growth stages." Plant, Soil and Environment 60, No. 5 (2014): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/91/2014-pse.
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Timely and reliable prediction of grain yield and quality of spring barley represents a key prerequisite for effective crop management. Within this study we evaluated the relationships between yield components, grain quality, biomass production and the number of tillers in different growth stages. For this purpose, in three years (2011&ndash;2013) multifactorial field trials focused on the combined effects of cultivar, sowing density and nitrogen nutrition were conducted. Based on ANOVA it was found that the formation of grain yield was affected by individual factors in the following order of importance: year, nitrogen, cultivar and sowing rate. The final grain yield significantly correlated both with the number of tillers and dry weight of above-ground biomass per unit area. The best estimation of yield provided both parameters at early growth stage (R = 0.83** and 0.81** for number of tillers and the above-ground biomass at BBCH 25). The grain protein content was inversely related to early growth parameters (R = &ndash;0.64** and &ndash;0.41** for number of tillers and above-ground biomass at BBCH 25). Based on the comparison of relationships between the years, it can be concluded that the early growth of barley and tiller differentiation is a key parameter for the formation of yield and grain quality.
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R, MARIMUTHU, RAJASEKARAN S, and SOUNDRAPANDIAN G. "ASSOCIATION OF YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)." Madras Agricultural Journal 77, september December (1990): 432–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01985.
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In rice, positive and significant correlation existed between yield and five of its components, plant height, production tillers, panicle length, grain number per panicle and grain weight in the F2 progenies. Both positive and negative correlations between days to flowering and other yield component traits were observed. Significant and positive intercorrelations between plant height and tiller number and panicle length; tiller number and panicle length and panicle length and grain number were observed in the crosses.
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Dev, C. M., R. K. Singh, R. N. Meena, Ashok Kumar, and Kanchan Singh. "Production Potential and Soil Fertility Status of Ratoon Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) as Influenced by Time and Level of Earthing Up and Nitrogen Levels in North-Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India." Sustainable Agriculture Research 2, no. 1 (2012): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v2n1p143.
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<p>A field experiment was carried out during the spring seasons of 2008-09 and 2009-10 at Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh to find out exact time of earthing up with level of earthing up and optimum doses of nitrogen for getting higher productivity, monetary returns, and changes in the fertility status of soils after harvest of ratoon sugarcane (<em>Saccharum officinarum</em> L.). Twentieth fifth April earthed crop produced significantly more height of tillers, leaf area index at maximum tillering stage, grand growth stage and at harvest, dry matter/tiller at maximum tillering stage at grand growth stage and at harvest, cane length, cane diameter of top, middle and bottom, weight of cane, cane yield, monetary returns, B/C ratio, N, P and K uptake except number of tillers/ha, number of millable cane/ha and net available soil nutrient after the harvest of ratoon crops as compared to 25<sup>th</sup> May and 25<sup>th</sup> June respectively. Twentieth cm height of earthing up from the ridge also significantly increased all the above parameters such as height of tillers, LAI of maximum tillering stage, grand growth stage and harvest, dry matter/tiller at maximum tillering stage, grand growth stage and at harvest, cane length, weight of cane and cane yield than that of 10 cm earthed crop in both the ratoon crops. Application of 210 kg N/ha linearly and significantly increased number of tillers/ha at 60 and 120 days after ratooning, height of tillers at 120 days after ratooning, LAI at maximum tillering stage, grand growth stage, and at harvest, dry matter/tiller at maximum tillering stage, grand growth stage and at harvest, number of millable cane, cane length, cane weight, cane yield, monetary returns, B/C ratio and N, P, K uptake followed by 180 kg N/ha. Ratoon crop showed that there was a build up of nitrogen and phosphorous but depletion in potassium content of the soil. 210 kg N/ha with earlier earthed at 25<sup>th</sup> April to a level of 20 cm was found optimum for obtaining higher yields and monetary returns.</p>
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Kalaitzidis, Argyrios, Kalliopi Kadoglidou, Ioannis Mylonas, Sopio Ghoghoberidze, Elissavet Ninou, and Dimitrios Katsantonis. "Investigating the Impact of Tillering on Yield and Yield-Related Traits in European Rice Cultivars." Agriculture 15, no. 6 (2025): 616. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15060616.
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Optimizing rice productivity is crucial for global food security, especially in Mediterranean environments. This study investigated the influence of tillering capacity on yield and other agronomic traits in nine European rice cultivars over two seasons (2021–2022). A split-plot design was used with cultivars as the main factor and five tillering levels: main stems (Mn), primary (T1), secondary (T2), tertiary (T3), and quaternary (T4) as sub-factors. The grain yield, total dry matter, harvest index, 1000-grain weight, and number of stems were measured. Significant differences were revealed among cultivars, tillering levels, and their interaction for all traits. Mn and T1 consistently outyielded later tillers, with Ronaldo’s Mn achieving 4.71 t ha−1. Mare and Olympiada displayed the highest average yields (1.52 t ha−1) through balanced resource allocation across tillers. Strong correlations between tillering levels and yield (R2 = 0.73) demonstrate that early tillers significantly enhance productivity. We conclude that optimizing early tiller productivity—rather than maximizing tiller numbers—should be prioritized in breeding programs. Cultivars combining vigorous Mn and T1 development with efficient resource partitioning offer the most promising approach for improving Mediterranean rice productivity.
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Gismy, Salamun, Md Romij Uddin, Md Sohanur Rahman, Fakhar Uddin Talukder, and Md Shafiul Islam Rion. "Zinc, a micronutrient and its effect to performance of BARI gom30." International Journal of Advanced Geosciences 8, no. 2 (2020): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijag.v8i2.30966.
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To evaluate the effect of Zinc fertilizer on performance of wheat cv. BARI gom30, an experiment was carried out at Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, from November 2015 to March 2016. The experiment comprised four levels of Zinc (Zn) viz., 0, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 kg/ha. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Application of Zinc (Zn) plant height, number of total tillers/plant, number of effective tillers/plant, spike length, number of fertile spikelets/spike numbers of sterile spikelets/spike number of grains/ spike, grain yield and straw yield were found significant. But there was no significant effect of the treatment on 1000-grain weight. The highest number of total tiller/plant (4.42), number of effective tillers/plant (3.92), number of grains/spike (47.70), 1000-grain weight (47.73 g), grain yield (5.06 t/ha), straw yield (6.21 t/ha) was obtained from 2 kg Zn/ha. The highest plant height (94.08 cm), spike length (9.92 cm), number of fertile spikelets/spike (19.59) and sterile spikelets/spike (3.22) and harvest index (46.16%) were recorded at 0 kg Zn/ha respectively. The control treatment indicated the lowest value for the yield attributing characters except the number of sterile spikelets/spike. Grain yield was found to be significantly and positively correlated with number of grains/spike and straw yield. It is recommended that application of 2 kg Zn/ha is the best for maximum yield of BARI gom30.
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Pais, Isabel P., Rita Moreira, Ana Rita Coelho, et al. "Unveiling the Impact of Growth Traits on the Yield of Bread Wheat Germplasm Subjected to Waterlogging." Agriculture 14, no. 2 (2024): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14020241.
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Changes in the climate have led to the occurrence of extreme events that threaten the production of major crops, namely that of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Waterlogging imposed at the tillering stage can severely affect the yield, but several genotype features may counterbalance the negative impacts on yields. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of waterlogging on the number of fertile spikes, kernels per plant, and single kernel weight, as well as to assess the main culm and tiller participation in yields. We also investigated if the growth stages affected by stress would influence such traits. The study was conducted in climatized growth chambers using 23 genotypes from five distinct germplasm groups (Portuguese landraces, varieties with the introduced Italian germplasm, post-Green Revolution varieties with the introduced CIMMYT germplasm, advanced lines from the Portuguese wheat breeding program, Australian varieties). Variability was observed between and within the groups. Ten genotypes performed well under waterlogged conditions, showing promising results. Among these, GR-2 showed a rise in tiller yield, AdvL-3 in both the main culm and tiller yield, and the remaining ones displayed unaltered values in both the main culm and tillers. PL-1, PL-5, GR-1, GR-3, AdvL-2, Austrl-2, and Austrl-4 were able to compensate for the decreases observed for several traits, reaching harvest yield values that were unaffected in both the main culm and tillers. Rises in the tiller yield or in the tillers and main culm, GR-2 and AdvL-3 exhibited either stability or increases in all the studied parameters. Results also suggest a negative correlation between the growth stage reached during waterlogging and the effect of this stress on the number of spikes per plant, plant and tiller yield, kernel per spike (tillers), and single kernel weight (tillers). Our findings may contribute to a better understanding of wheat responses to waterlogging and to the development of solutions that mitigate the socio-economic impacts of 20–50% wheat yield reductions, thereby preserving the daily 20% supply of energy and protein required for human nutrition and global food security.
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Singh, Saurabh, A. K. Singh, Shraddha Singh, and Alok Kumar Singh. "Evaluation of Rice Varieties (Oryza sativa L.) on the Basis of Physiological and Morphological Traits." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 8 (2023): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i81933.
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The investigation entitled “Evaluation of rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) on the basis of physiological and morphological traits” was conducted during the Kharif season, 2019-2020 at the field of Student’s Instruction Farm, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya. Nine elite rice genotypes were shown in RBD with three replications, and morphological data were recorded. i.e., Plant height (cm), tiller number per plant, ear bearing tillers per plant, dry weight per plant(g), number of grains/plant, test weight(g), grain yield per plant. The plant height was, plant dry weight and number of tillers per plant obtained maximum in Sambha Sub-1 in comparison to other genotypes.
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Yanvar Bestar, Ade, Amran Jaenudin, and Ida Setya Wahyu Atmaja. "Red Rice (Oryza Nivara) Growth and Yield are Impacted by Seedling Age and the Concentration of Liquid Organic Fertilizer." Jurnal Agrosci 1, no. 1 (2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.62885/agrosci.v1i1.41.
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This study aims to ascertain how seedling age and liquid organic fertilizer content interact and correlate with red rice growth and production. This study was conducted in Karya Mulya village, Kesambi district, Cirebon, West Java, from December 2020 to April 2021. The factorial randomized block design (RBD) research methodology was used. Plant height, tiller count, leaf color, number of active tillers, number of panicles per clump, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, weight of 1000 grains, dry weight of grain harvested per plot, and dry weight of grain milled per plot were the key observations. The findings indicate that at 35 days following planting, there was an interaction between seedling age and liquid organic fertilizer concentration on leaf greenness. While the number of tillers 35 days after planting was affected by seedling age independently. When applied 42 days after planting, liquid organic fertilizer had an impact on the number of productive tillers, the number of panicles per clump, the length of the panicle, the number of grains per panicle, the weight of 1000 grains, the dry weight of the grain harvested per plot, and the dry weight of the grain ground per plot.
 
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Premazzi, Linda Monica, Francisco Antonio Monteiro, and José Eduardo Corrente. "Tillering of Tifton 85 bermudagrass in response to nitrogen rates and time of application after cutting." Scientia Agricola 60, no. 3 (2003): 565–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162003000300023.
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Nitrogen fertilization is determinant for pasture productivity, as it results in increasing forage yield and is associated with the growth physiology of forage plants. An experiment was carried out in a greenhouse to evaluate the effects of nitrogen rates and times of application after cutting on Tifton 85 Bermuda grass (Cynodon spp.) tillering. Plants were grown in a Typic Quartzipsamment soil and nitrogen rates were 0, 80, 160 and 240 mg kg-1 of soil; times of application were immediately after and seven days after cutting. A 4 x 2 factorial experiment was set in a completely randomized block design (n= 4). Plants were evaluated in two sequential growth periods - 39 and 41 days. Nitrogen rates affected tiller density, considering the initial number of tillers in the second growth and the emerged and final number of tillers at the end of the growth periods. Tiller weight increased up to the nitrogen rate of 201 and 185 mg kg-1 of soil in the first and second growth periods, and the correlation coefficients between the final number of tillers and dry matter yields in the top part of the plant for these periods were 0.92 and 0.94, respectively. The rate of tiller development, evaluated in each of the seven-day periods, was affected by nitrogen rates and time of application. There was an effect of rates and time of application in the first and a significant interaction between rates and time in the second growth period.
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Costa, Newton de Lucena, João Avelar Magalhães, Braz Henrique Nunes Rodrigues, and Francisco José de Seixas Santos. "Forage productivity and morphogenesis of Mesosetum chaseae under potassium fertilization." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 9 (2022): e24911931831. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i9.31831.
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The effect of potassium levels (0, 50, 100 and 200 kg of K2O ha-1) on green dry matter (GDM) yield and morphogenetic and structural characteristics of Mesosetum chaseae (Luces) was evaluated under natural field conditions. Potassium fertilization increased significantly (P<0.05) GDM yields, absolute growth rate (AGR), number of tillers/plant, number of leaves plant-1, medium blade length, leaf area, leaf senescence rate, leaf appearance and elongation rates. Maximum GDM yields, AGR, number of tillers/plant, number of leaves/tiller, leaf area and medium blade length were obtained with the application of 167.8; 156.2; 82.7; 101.6; 101.2 and 77.5 kg of K2O ha-1, respectively. The potassium efficiency utilization was inversely proportional to the increased potassium levels.
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Costa, Newton de Lucena, and Antônio Neri Azevedo Rodrigues. "Evaluation of Natural Regrowth of Axonopus aureus under rest periods in Roraima´s Savannas." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 9 (2021): e56310918536. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i9.18536.
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The natural regrowth of Axonopus aureus in native pasture of Roraima´s savannas was evaluate, during early rainy period. The experimental design was a completely randomized, with four replications. The treatments consisted of four pasture rest periods (14, 28, 42 and 56 days after beginning of the rainy period). Evaluations were carry out during the period of June to August of 2016. The parameters measured were dry matter (DM) yields and grass morphogenetic and structural characteristics. The green and total DM, number of tillers plant-1, number of axillary tillers plant-1, number of live tillers plant-1, number of live leaves tiller-1 and leaf area index were directly proportional to rest periods. The leaf appearance and elongation rate were negatively affect by rest periods, while the dead DM was not affect by rest periods. Considering the low green DM availability of A. aureus, its recommends the utilization of some management practice, preferentially grazing or mowing, to remove the dead DM with low nutrition value and permit a grass vigorous regrowth in the beginning of the rainy period.
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Robertson, Drew, Heping Zhang, Jairo A. Palta, Timothy Colmer, and Neil C. Turner. "Waterlogging affects the growth, development of tillers, and yield of wheat through a severe, but transient, N deficiency." Crop and Pasture Science 60, no. 6 (2009): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp08440.
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Tiller production and survival are suppressed on soils prone to waterlogging. The tiller production and growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Wyalkatchem) was investigated in a glasshouse experiment during and after a transient waterlogging to examine its effect on grain yield. Wheat plants received either a high or low nitrogen (N) application at sowing and were waterlogged at 22 days after sowing for 14 days. Plants received a second either high or low N application after waterlogging was released. Waterlogging induced a transient N deficiency. The N concentration of the youngest expanded leaf on the mainstem and tillers declined markedly during waterlogging, but its recovery 14 days after the waterlogging was ended was independent of treatment, reaching a greater than the critical minimum concentration of 3.5%. The growth of primary tillers 1 and 2 was severely inhibited by waterlogging while the exsertion of new tillers was delayed by 9 days. Shoot dry weight of the waterlogged plants at final harvest was reduced by 37% compared with the non-waterlogged plants. During the recovery period, the waterlogged plants produced higher order tillers that produced late ears. As a result, the number of ears per plant was similar in plants in continuously drained or previously waterlogged soil. Waterlogging reduced the number of grains per ear on the mainstem and tillers, and consequently grain yield by 32%. High N application after waterlogging increased grain yield by ~20%, but high N applied at sowing had no effect on yield. This suggests that N application after waterlogging can reduce the detrimental effect of waterlogging on grain yields in areas prone to waterlogging.
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BULMAN, P., and L. A. HUNT. "RELATIONSHIPS AMONG TILLERING, SPIKE NUMBER AND GRAIN YIELD IN WINTER WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) IN ONTARIO." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 68, no. 3 (1988): 583–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps88-071.
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Two field experiments were conducted to examine the relationships between tillering, spike number and grain yield in three winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Treatments were designed to manipulate both the production and survival of tillers, and to provide a high number of spikes per unit area. One experiment involved growth regulator treatments with cycocel and gibberellic acid while the second involved various rates of nitrogen. Grain yield was linearly related to total spike number over a range of 400–1200 spikes m−2 in a combined analysis over locations and years. When only spikes with at least nine fertile spikelets were included, a greater amount of the variability in yield could be explained, and differences among cultivars were related to the number of small, unproductive spikes. When locations and years were analyzed separately, little evidence was found for a diminishing response between grain yield and total spike number. Spike number was related to maximum tiller number in 1982, when winterkill and early spring conditions were unfavorable. Thus, although good fall tillering and winter survival contribute most to producing high spike numbers and grain yield, cultivars must also have the ability both to tiller rapidly in the spring and to sustain high-yielding tillers to provide sufficient compensation following winterkill.Key words: tillering, spikes, yield, wheat, nitrogen, regulators