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Michener, Lori A., Alison R. Snyder, and Brian G. Leggin. "Responsiveness of the Numeric Pain Rating Scale in Patients With Shoulder Pain and the Effect of Surgical Status." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 20, no. 1 (2011): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.20.1.115.
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Context:The Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) is commonly used to assess pain. Change in the NPRS across time can be interpreted with responsiveness indices.Objective:To determine the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of the NPRS.Design:Single-group repeated measures.Setting:Outpatient rehabilitation clinics.Patients:Patients with shoulder pain (N = 136).Main Outcome Measures:At the initial evaluation patients completed the Penn Shoulder Score (PSS), which includes pain, satisfaction, and function sections. Pain was measured using an 11-point NPRS for 3 conditions of pain: at rest, with normal daily activities, and with strenuous activities. The NPRS average was calculated by averaging the NPRS scores for 3 conditions of pain. The final PSS was completed after 3–4 wk of rehabilitation. To determine the MCID for the NPRS average, the minimal detectible change of 8.6 points for the PSS function scale (0–60 points) was used as an external criterion anchor to classify patients as meaningfully improved (≥8.6 point change) or not improved (<8.6-point change). The MCID for the NPRS average was also determined for subgroups of surgical and nonsurgical patients. Cohen’s effect sizes were calculated as a measure of group responsiveness for the NPRS average.Results:Using a receiver-operating-characteristic analysis, the MCID for the average NPRS for all patients was 2.17, and it was 2.17 for both the surgical and nonsurgical subgroup: area-under-the-curve range .74–.76 (95%CI: .55–.95). The effect size for all patients was 1.84, and it was 1.51 and 1.94 for the surgical and nonsurgical groups, respectively.Conclusions:The NPRS average of 3 pain questions demonstrated responsiveness with an MCID of 2.17 in patients with shoulder pain receiving rehabilitation for 3–4 wk. The effect sizes indicated a large effect. However, responsiveness values are not static. Further research is indicated to assess responsiveness of the NPRS average in different types of patients with shoulder pain.
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Sakulsriprasert, Prasert, Roongtiwa Vachalathiti, and Pathaimas Kingcha. "Responsiveness of pain, functional capacity tests, and disability level in individuals with chronic nonspecific low back pain." Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal 40, no. 01 (2019): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s101370252050002x.
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Background: Clinical outcomes are very important in clinical assessment, and responsiveness is a component inside the outcome measures that needs to be investigated, particularly in chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP). Objective: This study aimed to investigate the responsiveness of pain, functional capacity tests, and disability in individuals with CNSLBP. Methods: Twenty subjects were assessed in pain using the following methods: visual analog scale (VAS) and numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), functional capacity tests: functional reach test (FRT), five-time sit-to-stand test (5 TSST), and two-minute step test (2 MST), and disability level: modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (MODQ), Thai version before and after 2-week intervention session. For interventions, the subjects received education, spinal manipulative therapy, and individual therapeutic exercise twice a week, for a total of two weeks. The statistics analyzed were change scores, effect size (ES), and standardized response mean (SRM). Results: The most responsive parameter for individuals with CNSLBP was pain as measured by numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) (ES [Formula: see text]0.986, SRM [Formula: see text]0.928) and five-time sit-to-stand test (5 TSST) (SRM [Formula: see text]0.846). Conclusion: This study found that NPRS pain and 5 TSST were responsive in individuals with CNSLBP at two weeks after the beginning of interventions.
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Bernstein, David N., Meghan Kelly, Jeffrey R. Houck, et al. "PROMIS Pain Interference Is Superior vs Numeric Pain Rating Scale for Pain Assessment in Foot and Ankle Patients." Foot & Ankle International 40, no. 2 (2018): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100718803314.
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Background: The Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) is a popular method to assess pain. Recently, the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) has been suggested to be more accurate in measuring pain. This study aimed to compare NPRS and PROMIS Pain Interference (PI) scores in a population of foot and ankle patients to determine which method demonstrated a stronger correlation with preoperative and postoperative function, as measured by PROMIS Physical Function (PF). Methods: Prospective PROMIS PF and PI and NPRS data were obtained for 8 common elective foot and ankle surgical procedures. Data were collected preoperatively and postoperatively at a follow-up visit at least 6 months after surgery. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relationship among NPRS (0-10) and PROMIS domains (PI, PF) pre- and postoperatively. A total of 500 patients fit our inclusion criteria. Results: PROMIS PF demonstrated a stronger correlation to PROMIS PI in both the pre- and postoperative settings (preoperative: ρ = −0.66; postoperative: ρ = −0.69) compared with the NPRS (preoperative: ρ = −0.32; postoperative:ρ = −0.33). Similar results were found when data were grouped by Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code. Conclusion: PROMIS PI was a superior tool to gauge a patient’s preoperative level of pain and functional ability. This information may assist surgeons and patients in setting postoperative functional expectations and pain management. Level of Evidence: Level II, prognostic.
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Sable, Neha A., and Nisha Shinde. "Prevalence of Wrist Pain in Young Tabla Players: Observational Study." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 12, no. 5 (2022): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20220502.
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Background: The most popularly used percussion instruments in Indian classical music is Tabla. Playing a percussion instrument demands great force & effort, which may make percussionists prone to playing-related musculo skeletal disorders (PRMDs). Method: A Prevalence study using convenience sampling technique was done from the music schools of Pune-Godse & Madhumati Sangeet Vidyalay with 104 subjects. The subjects aged between 11 to 25 yr old Both males & females who plays table atleast from1 yr. Wrist pain was assessed by using Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) Subjects rated the pain in the scale of 0 No pain to 10 Worst pain at rest and after playing tabla. Result : Prevalence of pain at Rest the average percentage of person experience pain are 28.84% 74 persons out of 104 are not experiencing any pain, the % of no pain is 71.15%. Prevalence of pain after playing tabala. The average % of person experiencing pain after playing is 66.34%. 35 Person out of 104 are not experiencing any pain. The % of no pain after playing table is 33.65%. Conclusion: The prevalence of wrist pain is more in table players after playing table than compared to pain at rest. Key words: Playing related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs), NPRS-Numeric pain rating scale, Percussion instrument, Ergonomics, Musculoskeletal.
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Prethipa P, Roland, Jimsha V K, and Jonathan Daniel M. "Evaluation of full cup test and numeric pain rating scale in the assessment of orofacial pain." International Journal of Oral Health Dentistry 7, no. 4 (2021): 292–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijohd.2021.057.
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Pain intensity is a common outcome domain assessed in pain clinical trials. The patient’s self-report is the gold standard and it appears to be embedded in everyday clinical practice. Most often pain assessment is considered to be the cornerstone for ideal treatment.The aim of this study was to assess the dental patients’ level of pain using Full Cup Test (FCT) and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), and to compare and validate the Full Cup Test in the assessment of orofacial pain with Numeric Pain Rating Scale.A total of sixty patients presenting with various forms of orofacial pain were included in this cross-sectional study. Data collected include the patient demographic details and the diagnosis of each case was made after proper history taking, clinical examination and radiographic investigation. Pain assessment was done for each patient using both numeric pain rating scale and full cup test.All the data were analysed using inferential statistics Mann Whitney test and the analysis was carried out with SPSS 17.The comparison of mean pain scores using full cup test and numeric pain rating scale shows there was significant differences between acute and chronic pain with P- value of 0.023 and 0.005 respectively. FCT had shown 83 percent sensitivity and 94 percent specificity.Patients who presented with either acute or chronic dental conditions experienced moderate to severe level of pain. FCT is useful for both evaluating and discerning changes in pain and it can be used as a tool in pain assessment.
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Firdous, Shagufta, Zankhana Mehta, Carlos Fernandez, Bertarnd Behm, and Mellar Davis. "A comparison of Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) in patients with chronic cancer-associated pain." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 31_suppl (2017): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.31_suppl.217.
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217 Background: Though numerical rating scales (NRS) are frequently used, a subset of patients do not understand the abstract nature on NRS and use quality descriptors of severity. We used a visual analog scale (VAS) using descriptors of “good day”, “average day” and “bad day” along a 10-cm line and compared it to a NRS in patients with cancer diagnosis and pain 1 month or longer. Methods: Eligible patients were verbally consented and completed the two scales. We asked patients thoughts about which they felt was the more appropriate scale to gauge their pain. The scales were compared by the distance from the extreme left of the line to the mark the patient placed on the VAS. Additional data included demographic and diagnosis information. The VAS and NRS were compared using two-sample t-tests or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and Pearson’s chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests, as appropriate. The relationship between the numeric pain scale and the visual analog scale is described using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Full data was provided from 94 patient surveys who completed surveys. The mean age was 61 years old, 56.4% were female, and 78.0% had metastatic cancer. Numerous cancer types were reported with gastrointestinal and lung cancers being the most common (30.1% and 23.7%, respectively). The mean NRS rating reported by patients was 5.9 and for the VAS 4.9. Sixty patients (63.8%) preferred the NRS, 32 (34.0%) preferred the VAS, and 2 (2.1%) reported no preference. Patients who preferred the NRS reported a higher NRS rating than patients who preferred the VAS (mean NRS of 6.3 compared to 5.2, p = 0.0409). VAS ratings were higher among patients who preferred the NRS but the difference was not statistically significant (mean rating of 5.2 vs. 4.4, p = 0.1894). There were no differences in patient characteristics between the two groups. There was a moderate association between patients’ NRS and VAS ratings. The Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.653 (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Majority of patients of all ages and both genders prefer NRS. Future studies involving larger number of patients and adding a question about the reason of scale preference may provide better understanding for scale preference.
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Dr., M. Waqas Dr. Khalid Hussain Dr. Muhammad Bilal. "A SELF-STYLED EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SPINAL MANUAL MANAGEMENT OF CLBP (CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN)." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 05, no. 11 (2018): 11322–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1477627.
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<em>Objective: M</em><em>ultidisciplinary group method is able to manage chronic low back pain (CLBP) specifically through rehabilitation and physiotherapy. Assessment in the current study was based on the effectiveness of spinal manual therapy (Maitland grade I and II mobilization) for CLBP management.</em> <em>Methodology: </em><em>The design this study is a self-styled experimental held at Allied Hospital, Faisalabad (February to October 2017). In this research study, Maitland grade I and II spinal mobilizations provided for 20 minutes each to every subjected patient. Consecutively for two weeks, an alike frequency of treatment applied and comprised on 03 sessions in a week. Before and after treatment, Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) was used for the evaluation of levels of pain severity. Records were typically scattered and hence, by using SPSS, variation in pain strength was measured by “t” test.</em> <em>Results: </em><em>The premeditated normal prior to treatment score of pain on Numeric pain rating scale was 3.90 (standard deviation, 0.3038) and 1.65 was after treatment with normal deviancy of 0.8638. The designed t-value was 12.08 (p-value = 0.000). </em> <em>Conclusion: As a result of the current study, it is </em><em>evidently exhibited</em><em> that the Maitland G1 and Maitland G2 spinal mobilization is exploitable as the best treatment option for the chronic low back pain (CLBP).</em> Keywords:<em> Chronic Low Back Pain, Spinal Mobilization and Numeric Pain Rating Scale.</em>
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Ayub, Izza, Sana Zahir, Aqsa Shahid, Rohail Amir Babar, and Amir Mushtaq. "Effectiveness of scapular clock exercises in scapular dyskinesia in post operative cardiac patients: A randomized clinical trial." Rehabilitation Journal 09, no. 02 (2025): 34–40. https://doi.org/10.52567/trehabj.v9i02.98.
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Background: Scapular dyskinesia is a frequent complication after cardiac surgery due to thoracic immobility, pectoral tightness, and muscle imbalances, contributing to persistent shoulder pain and functional deficits. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of scapular clock exercises combined with conventional physiotherapy versus conventional physiotherapy alone in reducing pain, improving range of motion (ROM), and enhancing shoulder function in post-operative cardiac patients. Material and Methods: This randomized clinical trial included n=28 post-cardiac surgery patients with scapular dyskinesia, who were allocated to either Group A (scapular clock exercises plus conventional physiotherapy) or Group B (conventional physiotherapy). Both groups were treated thrice weekly for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), and secondary outcomes included QuickDASH and shoulder ROM. Statistical analysis was conducted using RM-ANOVA and independent t-tests. Results: The mean age of n=17(60%) male and n=11(40%) female subjects were 55.21±7 years. Both groups significantly improved pain, disability, and ROM over 4 weeks (p<0.05). Group A demonstrated markedly greater improvements in NPRS, QuickDASH, and all ROM directions at 2- and 4-week follow-ups compared to Group B, with large effect sizes. Conclusion: Scapular clock exercises combined with conventional physiotherapy offer superior outcomes for pain, disability, and mobility compared to conventional physiotherapy alone. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating targeted scapular exercises into cardiac rehabilitation to address under-recognized musculoskeletal deficits. Keywords: scapular clock exercises; postoperative rehabilitation; numeric pain rating scale (NPRS); quickdash; resistance training; post sternotomy complications; physiotherapy; upper limb function.
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Abbas, Sanjeela, Rabiya Noor, Muhammad Salman Bashir, and Tehreem Mukhtar Mukhtar. "EFFECTS OF CRANIOCERVICAL FLEXION EXERCISES AND SCAPULAR STABILIZATION EXERCISES IN NECK PAIN AND FORWARD HEAD POSTURE AMONG FEMALES WEARING HEADSCARVES." Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation 13, no. 1 (2024): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36283/pjr.zu.13.1/006.
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Background: In neck related problems, limited cervical ranges are considered a major contributor leading to forward head posture and increased disability. Methodology: The study design was a randomized clinical trial. Total of 50 subjects were recruited that fulfilled the selection criteria. Subjects were divided into two groups. Craniocervical flexion exercises group A (n=25) and Scapular stabilization exercises group B (n=25). Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Neck Disability Index (ND1) were subjective while the goniometer and plumb line were used as objective modes of assessment. Baseline and after 4 weeks of treatment values were assessed by using SPSS 21. Results: Both groups showed improvement in plumb line values, forward head posture and cervical spine mobility. NPRS, and NDI score values after the 4-week exercise program showed significant results (p-value<0.05). Outcomes except for plumb line value and NDI score indicated statistically significant improvement in the Craniocervical flexion exercise group than the scapular stabilization exercise group (p-value<0.05). However, in NPRS no statistical difference (p-value>0.05) was found between the two groups. Conclusion: Only females were recruited. Further studies can correlate with spatiotemporal features. The idea and conceptual framework were original. Keywords: Head posture, craniocervical, flexion exercises, scapular stabilization exercises, range of motion, plumb line, neck disability index, goniometer, numeric pain rating scale, craniovertebral angle.
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Chuang, Li-ling, Ching-yi Wu, Keh-chung Lin, and Ching-ju Hsieh. "Relative and Absolute Reliability of a Vertical Numerical Pain Rating Scale Supplemented With a Faces Pain Scale After Stroke." Physical Therapy 94, no. 1 (2014): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20120422.
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BackgroundPain is a serious adverse complication after stroke. The combination of a vertical numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) and a faces pain scale (FPS) has been advocated to measure pain after stroke.ObjectiveThis study was conducted to investigate whether an NPRS supplemented with an FPS (NPRS-FPS) would show good test-retest reliability in people with stroke. The relative and absolute reliability of the NPRS-FPS were examined.DesignA test-retest design was used for this study.MethodsFifty people (&gt;3 months after stroke) participating in an outpatient occupational therapy program were recruited through medical centers to rate current pain intensity twice, at a 1-week interval, with the NPRS-FPS (on a scale from 0 to 10). The relative reliability of the NPRS-FPS was analyzed with the intraclass correlation coefficient for determining the degree of consistency and agreement between 2 measures. The standard error of measurement, the smallest real difference, and Bland-Altman limits of agreement were the absolute reliability indexes used to quantify measurement errors and determine systematic biases of repeated measurements.ResultsThe relative reliability of the NPRS-FPS was substantial (intraclass correlation coefficient=.82). The standard error of measurement and the smallest real difference at the 90% confidence interval of the NPRS-FPS were 0.81 and 1.87, respectively. The Bland-Altman analyses revealed no significant systematic bias between repeated measurements for the NPRS-FPS. The range of the limits of agreement for the NPRS-FPS was narrow (−2.50 to 1.90), indicating a high level of stability and little variation over time.LimitationsThe pain intensity of the participants ranged from no pain to a moderate level of pain.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the NPRS-FPS is a reliable measure of pain in people with stroke, with good relative and absolute reliability.
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Abidin, Jaenal, Supriyadi Supriyadi, and Mulyani Surendra. "PENGARUH WILLIAM FLEXION EXERCISE TERHADAP PENURUNAN INTENSITAS NYERI HAID (DYSMENORRHEA) PADA SISWI SMAN 7 KOTA MALANG." Jurnal Sport Science 9, no. 1 (2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um057v9i1p39-49.
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AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh William Flexion Exerciseterhadap penurunan intensitas nyeri haid. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancanganeksperimen semu dengan desain non equivalent control group design. Populasi dalampenelitian ini adalah seluruh siswi kelas XI SMAN 7 Kota Malang yang mengalaminyeri haid yang berjumlah 143 orang. Sampel yang diambil 20 orang untuk masingmasingkelompok. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling.Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Hasil ujiANOVA diperoleh nilai p = 0,006. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat disimpulkanbahwa terdapat pengaruh William Flexion Exercise terhadap penurunan intensitasnyeri haid (Dysmenorrhea) antara kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol padasiswi SMAN 7 Kota Malang.Kata Kunci: nyeri haid, william flexion exerciseAbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of william flexion exerciseon decreasing the intensity of menstrual pain. This study used quasy experimentaldesign with a non equivalent control group design. The population in this study wereall XI of SMAN 7 Malang City who experienced 143 people. Samples were taken by 20people for each group. The sampling technique used purposive sampling instrument.Used is the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). ANOVA test results obtained values p= 0,006. Based on the reluts of data analysis it can be concluded that there are in theinfluence of william flexion exercise on the decrease in menstrual pain intensity(Dysmenorrhea) between control group on female students of SMAN 7 Malang City.Keywords: dysmenorrhea, william flexion exercise
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Shoukat, Imran, Fozia Nawaz, Khadija Shoukat, Muhammad Adnan Shoukat, and Muhammad Usman Shoukat. "Comparison of the effectiveness of dry needling with dry cupping at upper trapezius muscle in patients with myofascial trigger points." International Journal of Endorsing Health Science Research (IJEHSR) 9, no. 3 (2021): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29052/ijehsr.v9.i3.2021.329-336.
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Background: Trigger points are palpable nodules or irritable spots present in the skeletal muscles, painful upon pressure. This study is concerned with the pain in the upper Trapezius muscle due to the formation of myofascial trigger points and to make a comparison of the effectiveness of dry needling with dry cupping for treating upper trapezius myofascial trigger points.
 Methodology: Myofascial trigger points were diagnosed in 30 individuals in the upper trapezius. Subjects were randomized into Group-A (n=15) and Group-B (n=15) using the coin toss method. Patients were evaluated at baseline and after the termination of intervention using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Neck Disability Index (NDI) and cervical joint range of motions (ROM). Patients from both groups received three sessions of treatment on alternate days in one week.
 Results: Patients with both interventions resulted in significant improvement of NPRS (p=0.001), NDI (p=0.001), and cervical ranges of motion (p=0.001). However, between groups comparison of outcome measure showed no significant difference in NPRS (p=0.990), NDI (p=0.359), cervical flexion (p=0.457), cervical extension (p=0.382), right cervical lateral flexion (p=0.250), left cervical lateral flexion (p=0.792), right cervical rotation (p=0.336), and left cervical rotation (p=0.242) of motion.
 Conclusion: The pre-and post-intervention results have concluded that both treatment methods effectively treat myofascial trigger points. There was no significant difference between the two groups for numeric pain rating scale, neck disability index scoring and cervical range of motions.
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Lai, Albert, Jon Shou, Steve A. Traina, and Tyler Barrett. "The Durability and Efficacy of Cryopreserved Human Umbilical Cord Tissue Allograft for the Supplementation of Cartilage Defects Associated with the Sacroiliac Joint: A Case Series." Reports 6, no. 1 (2023): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/reports6010012.
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This Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved retrospective observational protocol aims to report the safety and efficacy of birth tissue allografts applied in 38 patients with treatment-resistant sacroiliac (SI) joint pain. The research methodology consisted of an observational recording of the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), which measure pain, stiffness, and physical function. No adverse events or adverse reactions were observed in the 38 patients. Statistically significant improvements in NPRS and WOMAC scores of the affected SI joint were reported after 90 days. The observational data suggests that Wharton’s jelly allograft applications are safe, minimally invasive, and efficacious. They may present an alternative to surgery for patients who fail conservative and procedural management of pain originating from chondral cartilage degeneration of the SI joint.
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Mubarra Rehman and Huma Riaz. "Comparison of mobilization with movement and Mulligan knee taping on Patellofemoral pain syndrome." Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 71, no. 9 (2021): 2119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47391/jpma.04-658.
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Objective: The objectives of study are to compare Mobilization with Movement (MWM) and Mulligan knee taping (MT) on anterior knee pain, hamstring flexibility and Physical performance of lower limb. Methods: A randomized control trail was conducted from July to Dec 2019. Ethical approval from Riphah research ethical committee was taken. Total 34 participants of both genders, having Patellofemoral pain were recruited by purposive sampling technique. Randomly assignment into two groups; MWM and MT was done. Both groups were treated for 2 days per 2 consecutive weeks. Outcomes measures were Numeric pain rating scale(NPRS), Kujala pain rating scale, Active knee extension test(AKE) and Time up and go test(TUG). Assessment were taken at baseline, 2nd and 6th weeks after treatment. Data analysis was done through SPSS-21 version. Results: Between group analysis has shown statistically significant improvement (p< 0.000) in NPRS and Kujala score in MWM group whereas hamstring flexibility is significant in (p< 0.000) MT group. Within group analysis has shown a statistically significant differences (p< 0.000) for all outcome variable in both groups. Conclusion: It is concluded that Mulligan’s MWM is more effective in treatment of patellofemoral pain and associated knee functional performance. Clinical Trial Number: This clinical trail is prospectively registered at www.ClinicalTrails.gov(NCT04173468) Keywords: Anterior knee Pain. Patellofemoral pain Syndrome, Mobilizations with Movement, Mulligan knee taping, Kujala pain rating scale, Active knee extension test, Continuous....
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Pastor, Swati, Preeti George, and Prachi Sathe. "The Effect of Chair Aerobic Exercises and Core Strengthening Exercises on Pain and Functional Disability in Primary Dysmenorrhoea." International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research 8, no. 2 (2023): 572–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20230278.
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Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the impact of chair aerobic exercises and core strengthening exercises on primary dysmenorrhea, assessing pain and disability scores using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Women's Low Back Pain and Disability Index (WaLLID). The effectiveness of these exercise interventions in reducing pain and disability associated with primary dysmenorrhea was examined. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with participants diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhea. Two exercise groups were formed: chair aerobic exercises and core strengthening exercises. Pain and disability scores were measured using NPRS and WaLLID before and after the intervention. The exercises were performed for a specific duration, and the scores were compared within and between the exercise groups. Results: Both chair aerobic exercises and core strengthening exercises significantly decreased pain and disability scores of NPRS and WaLLID. However, no significant difference was observed in the scores between the two exercise groups. These findings indicate that both exercise modalities are effective in reducing pain and disability associated with primary dysmenorrhea. Conclusion: This study concludes that chair aerobic exercises and core strengthening exercises are effective in managing pain and disability in individuals with primary dysmenorrhea. Both exercise interventions offer comparable benefits in terms of pain management and functional improvement. The results support previous research highlighting the positive impact of exercise interventions on menstrual pain management. Chair aerobic exercises provide a suitable option for individuals with limited mobility or a preference for seated exercise, while core strengthening exercises focus on enhancing core strength and stability. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects, optimal exercise protocols, and potential combinations with other treatment modalities for primary dysmenorrhea management. Understanding the underlying physiological mechanisms of these exercise interventions would provide valuable insights for improving dysmenorrhea management. Keywords: Primary dysmenorrhea, Chair aerobic exercises, Core strengthening exercises, pain, disability, Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Women's Low Back Pain and Disability Index.
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Datri, Bhattacharyya, Adak Aranyak, and Saha Shilpasree. "Combined Effect of Myofascial Release and Muscle Energy Technique in a College Going Student With Trapezitis at a Single Session – A Case Study." VIMS JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL THERAPY 6, no. 1 (2024): 66–69. https://doi.org/10.46858/vimsjpt.6111.
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Background: Improper neck posture for a prolonged time and stressful neck movements can result in a painful condition of neck, commonly known as Trapezitis. Muscle Energy Technique (MET) and Myofascial Release (MFR) technique are commonly used physiotherapeutic maneuvers to treat stressful muscle and fascia. Methods: Thorough assessment was done for a college-going, 28 years old female student with neck pain, painful neck movement and headache and was diagnosed with ‘trapezitis’. The case study was conducted to find the effect of both MFR and MET after a single session in Trapezitis. Outcome measures were assessed for both headache and neck pain separately using a Numeric pain rating scale-11 (NPRS-11), and cervical lateral flexion ROM using a goniometer. Pre- and post-intervention data were collected. Qualitative analyses of outcome variables were done. Results: Study results showed improvement after intervention in NPRS-11 for neck pain, NPRS-11 for headache, and cervical lateral flexion ROM. Conclusion: The study concluded that the single session of MFR and MET is effective in decreasing pain, and increasing ROM in trapezius.
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Aceituno-Gómez, Javier, Venancio Miguel García-Madero, Juan José Criado-Álvarez, Jaime González-González, Julio Gómez-Soriano, and Juan Avendaño-Coy. "Long-term effect of high-intensity laser therapy for persistent shoulder pain: A case report." Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation 33, no. 6 (2020): 947–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bmr-171044.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This case report describes the long-term effect of the high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) in a patient with chronic shoulder pain refractory in comparison to other treatments. CASE DESCRIPTION: Ten sessions of HILT were applied in a thirty-one-year-old woman diagnosed with subacromial syndrome. Assessment was carried out through different tests: Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and pressure pain threshold (PPT). All measurements were taken at four different points: at the end of the 10 sessions, after one month, three months after the intervention and nine months after the initial intervention. RESULTS: There was a clinically significant improvement in NPRS (decrease of 5 points), PPT (increase of 1.5 kg/cm2) and SPADI (decrease of 24 points) one month after the intervention. After three months, the increase of NPRS and SPADI required a 5-session intervention to support the clinical improvement. Six months after these booster sessions an increase in PPT and a decrease in NPRS and SPADI were observed. CONCLUSION: Results indicate the suitability of developing new research lines which will optimize the use of HILT.
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Khan, Zarnain, Fatima Akmal, Mahrukh Asif, et al. "Comparison of Effectiveness of Maitland’s Mobilizations at End-Range Versus Within Pain-Free Joint Range of Movement in Treatment of Patients with Frozen Shoulder RCT." British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies 4, no. 5 (2023): 100–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/bjmas.2022.0328.
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Maitland’s mobilizations are an important treatment option for treating patients with Frozen shoulder or Adhesive capsulitis of shoulder joint. In this study we compared the efficacy of Maitland’s mobilization at end-range of tissue resistance with high intensity glides i.e. High Grade with low intensity glides i.e. Low grade within pain free range of joint movement. The study was conducted at OPD of Department of Physical Therapy, Mayo Hospital, Lahore. In this study total of 57 patients were taken and only 36 patients were selected after assessing on inclusion criteria. Those 36 patients were divided into 3 groups with 12 patients in individual group. With the joint close to its neutral position, translation and distraction techniques were used to begin mobilization techniques in the fundamental starting positions. Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and SPADI scales were used for measuring pain and disability index. ROMs were measured before, during and after treatment course i.e. at Day 1, after 2 weeks and after 4 weeks respectively. Statistical analysis was done on SPSS using ANOVA. When the ranges were compared by using ANOVA on SPSS it was evident that Group A patients showed better treatment outcomes as compared to other two groups. P-value (0.000) less than 0.05 is considered significant for group A patient. Mean of demographic data also support the fact that AC is more common in women than man. As a result of this study we can conclude that all treatment options gave good results in enhancing range of motion (ROM) and decreasing pain in shoulder joint but high-grade mobilization techniques applied at end range gave a significant treatment outcome on Ranges when compared. Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and SPADI scales
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Granger, Austin, James Dunning, and Ian Young. "Perineural Electrical Dry Needling and Neural Mobilization for Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: Case Report." Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 7 (2025): 2318. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14072318.
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Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) affects 20–85% of individuals exposed to neurotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. Perineural electrical dry needling (PEDN) and neural mobilization (NM) interventions may be beneficial in the management of chronic neurogenic pain; however, there is a paucity of research on the efficacy of both interventions for CIPN. Methods: Three patients were referred to an outpatient physical therapy clinic with chronic neuropathic pain associated with CIPN. Each underwent PEDN and NM twice weekly until goals were met or progress stalled. The primary outcome measure was the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Secondary outcomes included the Global Rating of Change (GROC) and the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS). All outcome measures were assessed at evaluation and discharge. Results: At discharge, patients A and B exceeded the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) for the primary and secondary outcome measures, indicating decreased neuropathic pain and improved lower extremity function. Patient C improved in all outcome measures but only experienced clinically meaningful changes in the NPRS and LEFS, not the GROC. Conclusions: Following 4–8 sessions of PEDN and NM, three patients with CIPN demonstrated clinically meaningful improvements in chronic lower extremity neuropathic pain and function. PEDN and NM may be beneficial in the management of patients presenting with chronic neuropathic pain secondary to CIPN.
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Waheed, Nida, Muhammad Amir, Rabia Noureen, Sumaira Nawaz, and Raza Zaidi Syeda Wajeeha. "EFFECTIVENESS OF CERVICAL MANUAL MOBILIZATION TECHNIQUES VERSUS STRETCHING EXERCISES FOR PAIN RELIEF IN THE MANAGEMENT OF NECK PAIN." Balneo and PRM Research Journal 12, no. 3 (2021): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12680/balneo.2021.446.
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Introduction. A huge literature is available regarding the efficacy of various physiotherapy techniques for neck pain (NP), however, comparative study is still in scarcity. Therefore, this study aimed to compare effectiveness of stretching exercises versus manual mobilization techniques in the management of NP. Material and method. A randomized controlled trial parallel-group design study was conducted on the patients suffering from NP. Participants with the history of NP, aged between 19 to 60 years, NP without radiculopathy, and no history of trauma were included in the study. Two outcome measures were used i.e., Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) and neck pain disability index (NDI) questionnaire. Two groups were equally divided had twenty-five patients each. Group A received cervical stretching with strengthening exercises as home-treatment program and group B received manual mobilization with strengthening exercises as home-treatment program. Six sessions were given on alternate basis and assessed pre- and post-treatment information of all patients. Results and discussions. Independent sample t-test was run to compare the post difference between stretching exercises and manual mobilization at 95% confidence interval (p<0.05). The Post NPRS difference between the groups shows no significant improvement (p=0.32). Similarly no significant difference was found in post NDI Disability (p=0.57). Therefore, both the treatment strategies are equally effective in improving NP and disability. Conclusions. This clinical trial concluded that stretching or manual mobilization is equally effective to reduce pain and disability. Hence, improve the quality of life in neck pain survivors. Keywords: Manual Mobilization Technique, Neck Pain, , Neck Pain Disability Index Questionnaire, Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Range of Motion, Stretching Exercises,
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Khan, Nouman, Munazza Nouman, Muhammad Affan Iqbal, Kinza Anwar, Abdul Ghafoor Sajjad, and Syed Ali Hussain. "Comparing the Effect of Stretching and Muscle Energy Technique in the Management of Lower Cross Syndrome." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 7 (2022): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2216731.
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Aim: To compare the effects of stretching exercises & muscle energy techniques in the management of lower cross syndrome. Methods: In this parallel, randomized controlled trail fifty-eight patients were randomly assigned into two intervention groups. Group A received stretching technique and Group B received muscle energy technique, three sessions per week for total duration of four weeks. Results: Normality test applied and P values were noted by applying Shapiro-Wilk test both groups. Baseline measures for both groups showed no significant difference as the P value > 0.05. The paired t-test within the group of Stretching and Muscle Energy Technique showed significant difference in pre and post Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), pre and post Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and pre and post muscle length via inclinometer and goniometer. Independent t-test for post treatment groups between stretching group and muscle energy technique group was not significant i.e. P> 0.05. Conclusion: The study concluded that statistically there is no significant difference in variables of both groups i.e. Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), bilateral muscle length of iliopsoas, hamstrings and rectus femoris as well as of erector spinae. However, mean values of above mentioned parameters show a little more improvement in Muscle Energy Technique group. Keywords: Stretching, Muscle Energy Technique, Lower Cross Syndrome, Muscle imbalance.
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Khan, Maria, Saima Riaz, Rehan Ramzan Khan, Huda Hamid, Zaigham Rasool Athar, and Tausif Aamir. "Effects of Kinesiotax Taping Over Posterior Neck Muscles on Pain and Functional Disability in patients with Mechanical Neck Pain." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 5 (2022): 506–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22165506.
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Objective: To determine the effects of kinesiotax taping over posterior neck muscles on pain, functional disability and range of motion in patients with mechanical neck pain Methodology: A quasi experimental study was conducted on population aged between 30 to 40 years and 36 people were selected via Consecutive sampling technique. Study was conducted in Physiotherapy OPD, Services hospital, Lahore. Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Neck Disability Index (NDI) were used as outcome measure. Results: There was significant improvement in pain alleviation as pretreatment mean of NPRS was 6.55+0.33 and post treatment mean at 4 weeks was 3.88+0.21 while pretreatment mean of NDI was 42.33+2.92 and post treatment mean at 4 weeks was 15.05+1.56 in experimental group. Conclusion: The study concluded that kinesiotaping combined with stretching exercise program is more effective in decreasing pain and disability than stretching exercises alone in patients with mechanical neck pain. Key words: Kinesio tape, Neck pain, Disability
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Mushtaq, Komal, Shoaib Waqas, and Hafiz Muhammad Asim. "Effectiveness of Maitland Grade I and II Spinal Mobilization for Chronic Low Back Pain." Annals of King Edward Medical University 24, no. 1 (2018): 577–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v24i1.2307.
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Chronic low back pain (CLBP) can be managed by multidisciplinary team approach especially physiotherapy and rehabilitation. In this study, effectiveness of spinal manual therapy (maitland grade I and II mobilization) for CLBP management was assessed. Methods: All subjects in the study were provided maitland grade I and II spinal mobilization for 20 minutes each. A similar treatment frequency was applied and consisted on three sessions per week for 2 continuous weeks. Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) was applied to assess the pain severity levels before treatment and after treatment. Data were normally distributed and therefore, change in pain intensity was measured by “t” test using SPSS version 23.0. Results: The calculated mean pain score on NPRS before treatment was 3.90 (standard deviation, 0.3038) and after treatment it was 1.65 (standard deviation, 0.8638). The calculated t-value was 12.08 (p value=0.000). Conclusion: These results clearly demonstrate that the maitland G1 and G2 spinal mobilization can be exploited as an effective treatment choice for chronic low back pain.
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Abdelhakim, Amr Kamal, Dina Samir Mahmoud Shaker, Waleed Ibrahim Hamimy, Maha Abdelbar Attalla, Khalda Galal Radwan, and Ahmed Kareem Mohammed Abdelhady. "Analgesic effect of preoperative melatonin and vitamin C administration, alone or in combination, in major abdominal surgery; a randomized controlled study." Anaesthesia, Pain & Intensive Care 29, no. 3 (2025): 556–64. https://doi.org/10.35975/apic.v29i3.2790.
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Background & objectives: Several studies have shown that melatonin and vitamin C used as an analgesic adjuvant, can spare opioid use, resulting in a better analgesic profile with fewer adverse effects and shorter hospital stay. However, we found no studies which might have investigated the impact of a combination of both. We compared the effect of melatonin, vitamin C, and their combination on postoperative opioid consumption. Methodology: Sixty patients scheduled for major abdominal surgeries were randomly allocated into three equal groups with 20 patients in each; melatonin group (Group M), vitamin C (Group C), and combined melatonin and vitamin C (Group CM). Two hours before surgery, all patients received the study medications orally, which was continued for 3 days postoperative at the same time of the first administration; Group M received 10 mg of melatonin, Group C received 1 gm of vitamin C, and Group MV received both melatonin (10 mg) and vitamin C (1 gm). The primary outcome was the total morphine consumption in 24 hours postoperatively, with patients, pain scores as measured by Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and postoperative chronic pain as secondary outcomes. Results: Postoperative morphine consumption (in the first 24 hours) was significantly lower in Group CM (16.7 ± 2.4 mg) than in Group M (20.98 ± 1.38 mg), and Group C (24.36 ± 3.12 mg) (P < 0.001). Group CM showed lower pain scores, decreased incidence of PONV, and a longer time to first request for analgesics. However, lower sedation scores were observed. There was no statistical difference among all groups regarding post-operative chronic pain incidence. Conclusion: Combined use of melatonin and vitamin C in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery with mid-line incision provides a synergistic analgesic effect for the postoperative pain management with lower postoperative pain scores, less opioid consumption, and lower incidence of PONV compared to the use of any one of these. Abbreviations: CPSP: Chronic Post-Surgical Pain, NPRS: Numeric Pain Rating Scale, PONV: postoperative nausea and vomiting, TAHBSO: Total Abdominal Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy Keywords: Melatonin; major abdominal surgery; Numeric Pain Rating Scale; opioid consumption; postoperative pain; PONV; vitamin C. Citation: Abdelhakim AK, Shaker DSM, Hamimy WI, Attalla MA, Radwan KG, Abdelhady AKM. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2025;29(3):556-664. DOI: 10.35975/apic.v29i3.2790 Received: January 03, 2025; Revised: March 12, 2025; Accepted: March 22, 2025
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Warikoo, Deepti, Shikha Sharma, Kumar Mahanta Sushil, Kumar Ashish, and VanshikaKumari. "Effect of Theraband Exercises on Neck Pain and Forward Head Posture in Various Occupation." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIO-MEDICAL SCIENCE 03, no. 03 (2023): 125–29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7732773.
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<strong>Introduction: </strong>Various occupation experience daily neck pain largely due to their awkward postures and high work demand. This puts extra strain on the muscles and predispose to development of faulty posture and muscles imbalance. So to avoid all this problems and exercise plan is needed, which can be easily performed even at the workplace. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of the band exercises on neck pain and forward head posture in various occupation. Methodology: Thirty patients between the age of 25-50 participated in the study. They were randomly assigned to either and experimental (15) or a control group (15). The experiment group participated in Thera Band exercises Programme while control performed conventional exercises for 6 weeks. Evaluation of neck pain done by numeric pain rating scale and forward head posture was measured by digital photography technique. Results: The paired sample t-test results showed statistically significant difference in the pre and post intervention scores of both NPRS (p=<0.01) and CV angle (p=<0.01) in the participants of both the groups. Conclusion: the result of this study suggests that the use of TheraBand exercises may be helpful for reducing neck pain and carting forward head posture in various occupation. <strong>Methods:</strong> An comparative study was conducted on 30 patients having neck pain and forward head posture in various physiotherapy OPD and rehabilitation Centre Dehradun. The patient neck pain was measured by NPRS (Numeric Pain Rating Scale) and forward head posture measured by the digital photography technique. <strong>Results:</strong> The majority of patient was showing significant reduction in neck pain and extent of forward head Posture. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The result of this study suggests that the use of Thera Band exercises maybe helpful for reducing neck pain and correction forward head posture in various occupation.
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Abbasi, Shahrukh, Shahzaib Naseer, and Sumaira Imran Farooqui. "Approaches used for the Quantification of Pain in Physical Therapy Practices-A Systematic Review." Annals of Psychophysiology 9, no. 1 (2022): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.29052/2412-3188.v9.i1.2022.39-50.
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Background: This study aimed to determine the most common pain intensity assessment tool that has been used in different physical therapy management-based studies as a primary outcome measure for the quantification of pain. Methodology: The electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, PEDro, and Cochrane Library were searched to identify relevant studies from January 2015 to September 2021 by using keywords like 'pain,' 'pain intensity,' 'Visual Analogue Scale,' and 'Numeric Pain Rating Scale.' Randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies in which pain management is considered an outcome measure published in the English language were included. In contrast, Non-RCTs were excluded that were based on pain management strategies other than physical therapy or conducted in inpatient department or based on approaches of telerehab. Results: The findings revealed that n=1,292 participants were given different physical therapy interventions in which n=792 (61.3%) were evaluated for their pain on VAS, followed by n=453 (35%) on NPRS and n=169 (13%) on PPT of the total population. Conclusion: VAS was the most frequently used tool to determine the patient's perception of pain, followed by NPRS and McGill Pain Questionnaire.
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Malik, Robina, Kinza Anwar, Hafsah Arshad, et al. "Effects of Sub-Occipital Muscles Inhibition Technique and Cranio-Cervical Flexion Exercise for Mechanical Neck Pain." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, no. 4 (2023): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs202317449.
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Aim: To compare the effects of Suboccipital muscle Release (SMI) techniques and Cranio-Cervical Flexion Exercise (CCFE) for Range of motion, pain, neck disability and forward head posture (FHP) in mechanical neck pain patients. Methodology: This Randomize Clinical Trial was conducted in Railway General Hospital Rawalpindi, within a duration of 6 months.Total 28 patients who fullfilled inclusion criteria such as were randomly allocated equall into two treatment groupthrough lottery method. Group A received suboccipital muscle inhibition technique while Group B received craniocerviacal flexion exercises. Both groups were evaluated at baseline and after four weeks through numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), Goniometer, and craniovertebral angle. IBM SPSS 24 was used for statistical analysis.Parametric test i.e., independent t test was applied on normal distributed data for between group analysis and Paired t test was applied for within group analysis for NDI. Non-parametric test i.e., Mann- Whitney U test was applied for between group analysis and Wilcoxon test were applied for within group analysis for FHP, NPRS and ROM. Results: Groups A and Group B showed significant improvement (p˂0.05) in within group analysis in Numeric Pain Rating Scale, forward head posture, neck disability index and cervical range of motion. Practical implication: Mechanical neck pain accounts approximately 50% to neck pain and may induce functional disability in many patients. The current study findings can be used to formulate effective, accessible andeconomical treatment strategies for Mechanical neck pain, so it may be interesting to the readers ofyour journal. Conclusion: Sub occipital muscle inhibition technique and cranio cervical flexion exercises areequally effective techniques to increase cervical range of motion, decrease neck disability, decrease pain intensity, and improvecranio-vertebral angle in patients with mechanical neck pain. Keywords: Cranio-cervical flexion exercises, Cranio-vertebral angle, Neck Disability Index, Range of Motion,
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Padad, Andi Tenri, Andi Fatmawati Muharram, and Hasan Nyambe. "Hubungan Intensitas Nyeri Kepala Tipe Tegang Dengan Derajat Depresi." Lontara Journal of Health Science and Technology 3, no. 2 (2022): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.53861/lontarariset.v3i2.318.
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Depression is a natural feeling disorder (mood) which is characterized by excessive feelings of sadness, depression, lack of enthusiasm, feeling worthless, feeling that life is empty and hopeless, thinking is centered on failure and self-blame or self-blame, and often accompanied by envy and suicidal thoughts. Depressive disorders can occur in anyone with a higher risk of physical illness, which is about 15-60%. Medical conditions that have long been associated with depressive disorders include primary tension-type headache (TTH). Patients with chronic TTH will experience more severe depression than episodic TTH and chronic headache is significantly associated with psychopathological scores, but the direction of the relationship is not clear. This study aims to determine the relationship between the intensity of tension-type headaches and the degree of depression. This research is an observational analytic study with a cross sectional research design. To find out the frequency and duration of tension-type headaches, the history and filling of the questionnaire provided were carried out. Then the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaire was used to assess the degree of depression. Patients with tension headaches were assessed based on The International Headache Classification 2nd Edition in 2004, and pain intensity was assessed based on the NPRS (Numeric Pain Rating Scale) score. The results showed that the Spearman correlation test obtained a significance value of 0.014, a correlation value of 0.399. between the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score on the subject of tension-type headache, and there is a significant relationship between the intensity of the tension-type headache and depression where the higher the pain intensity, the more severe the pain. degree of depression.
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Battecha, Kadrya H., Mohamed Salaheldein Alayat, Gihan Samir Mousa, et al. "Correlation of head and shoulder posture with non-specific neck pain: A cross-sectional study." SPORT TK-Revista EuroAmericana de Ciencias del Deporte 13 (November 22, 2024): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/sportk.637981.
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Non-specific neck pain (NSNP) is one of the most significant health problems especially with frequent use of media devices as computers and cell phones that may be associated with some faulty postures as forward head posture or rounded shoulders. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation of neck, head and shoulders angles: cranio-cervical angle (CVA), forward shoulder angle (FSA), coronal shoulder angle (CSA) and sagittal head tilt angle (SHT) with the non-specific neck pain. A total of 100 females with non-specific neck pain, whose ages were ranged between 18-25 years old. Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Digital Camera were used to assess neck pain, and neck different angles of cervical and shoulders, respectively. There was indicated a positive and significant correlation between NPRS and FSA (P < 0.045), while there were non-significant correlations between NPRS and other variables (P > 0.05). It was found that there was a significant positive correlation between forward shoulder angle and non-specific neck pain in the sample of female participants. However, no significant associations were observed between neck pain intensity and CCA, CSA, and SHT. Addressing and improving forward shoulder angles may be a potential strategy to reduce neck pain in individuals with non-specific neck pain.
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Abou-Hamde, Ahmad, Lauren Philippi, Eric Jones, et al. "Using Physiological Markers to Assess Comfort during Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Induced Muscle Contraction in a Virtually Guided Environment: Pilot Study for a Path toward Combating ICU-Acquired Weakness." Sensors 24, no. 11 (2024): 3599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24113599.
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We assessed the feasibility of implementing a virtually guided Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) protocol over the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle while collecting heart rate (HR), Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), and quality of contraction (QoC) data. We investigated if HR, NPRS, and QoC differ ON and OFF the TA motor point and explored potential relationships between heart rate variability (HRV) and the NPRS. Twelve healthy adults participated in this cross-sectional study. Three NMES trials were delivered ON and OFF the TA motor point. HR, QoC, and NPRS data were collected. There was no significant difference in HRV ON and OFF the motor point (p > 0.05). The NPRS was significantly greater OFF the motor point (p < 0.05). The QoC was significantly different between motor point configurations (p < 0.05). There was no correlation between the NPRS and HRV (p > 0.05, r = −0.129). We recommend non-electrical methods of measuring muscle activity for future studies. The NPRS and QoC can be administered virtually. Time-domain HRV measures could increase the validity of the protocol. The variables should be explored further virtually to enhance the protocol before eventual ICU studies.
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Ndahiriwe, Christian Chance, Emmy Bucyana, Malachie Tuyizere, et al. "Effect of Myofascial Release and Soft Tissue Mobilization versus Interferential Therapy with Exercises on Neck Musculoskeletal Related Syndromes: A Before and After Study." Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 7, no. 3 (2024): 403–10. https://doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v7i3.2.
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BackgroundNeck-related musculoskeletal disorders are classified among the top disabling conditions leading to discomfort, pain and functional restrictions which impact people’s functions and performance. Aim: To assess the effects of soft tissue mobilization versus interferential therapy with exercises among adults with neck musculoskeletal syndromes.Materials and MethodsThirty-two (32) participants in this study were randomly allocated to two groups. Experimental (n=16) received myofascial release and soft tissue mobilization. Control (n=16) received interferential therapy with conventional neck exercises for 6 weeks. Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) Scores and Neck Disability Index (NDI) were used to measure the effect of the treatment interventions. ResultsThe findings from this trial showed a significant improvement in pain and disability. Unpaired (independent) t-test on NPRS and NDI scores between groups (NPRS t-test: -3.693 P=0.001) and (NDI t-test: -8.472, P=0.001) thus, favouring Myofascial release and soft tissue mobilization compared to IFT and exercises.ConclusionMyofascial release provides greater benefits in terms of reduction of functional limitations and pain. IFT and exercise therapy showed improvement suggesting that a combination of both treatment approaches may yield better results than single treatment modality alone.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2024;7(3):403-410
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Kim, Dong-Gyu, and Sung-Ho Kwon. "The effect of Breathing Pattern Re-education Exercise in neck pain patients with a Forward Head Posture." Korean Society of Medicine & Therapy Science 15, no. 1 (2023): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31321/kmts.2023.15.1.5.
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of cervical stabilization exercise(CSE) combined with breathing pattern re-education exercise(BPRE) compared CSE on pain, disability, muscle activity, and range of motion(ROM) in neck pain(NP) patients with forward head posture(FHP). Method: BPRE+CSE(n=15) and Conservative physical therapy(CT)+CSE(n=15) groups were received treatment three times per week for four weeks, respectively. A numeric pain rating scale(NPRS), neck disability index(NDI), ROM, and surface electromyography(SEMG) activities of sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle and scalene muscle were measured before and after the treatments for each group. A paired t-test was conducted to test the changes before and after the treatments and an independent t-test was performed to evaluate the difference between groups. Results: In NPRS, NDI, ROM and muscle activity both BPRE+CSE and CT+CSE showed differences (p<.05). BPRE+CSE showed more reduction in NPRS, NDI and muscle activity more increase in ROM(p<.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that the BPRE can pain relief, recovery from neck disability, ROM, and muscle activity for NP patients with a FHP.
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Sheetal, Mundhada, Mundhada Preeti, Khandelwal Rekha, Shrivastava Divya, Mundhada Ashutosh, and Raje Dhananjay. "Telerehabilitation for musculoskeletal disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic." International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research 9, no. 1 (2021): 3765–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2021.106.
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Aim: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of telerehabilitation for various musculoskeletal disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent musculoskeletal telerehabilitation at a well-established physiotherapy centre in Central India between 1st April – 30th June 2020. A team of two experienced physiotherapists conducted one-on-one video-based physiotherapy sessions for every patient. The main outcome measures included pain reduction using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), functional goals achieved, and patient satisfaction. The effectiveness of treatment was determined based on the change in NPRS scores using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The relationship of percent change in NPRS and the functional score as well as the patient feedback score was obtained using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Of 77 patients who received telerehabilitation during the study period, 31 patients undergoing musculoskeletal rehabilitation who satisfied the eligibility criteria were included. There was a significant reduction in NPRS scores after rehabilitation (P < 0.0001). However, the median number of sessions and the baseline NPRS scores differed insignificantly for various patient characteristics. The distribution of functional score and change in NPRS demonstrated a moderately positive and significant correlation (P = 0.001). The relationship of patient feedback score with the change in NPRS was low positive. Conclusion: Telerehabilitation resulted in significant pain reduction among patients with various musculoskeletal disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. A positive correlation was demonstrated between change in NPRS scores, patient-reported functional goals, and patient satisfaction. Hence, telerehabilitation provided by a trained physiotherapist can be an effective approach for conservative management of musculoskeletal pain. KEY WORDS: Telerehabilitation, Musculoskeletal disorder, Back pain, COVID-19.
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Shetty, Kavitha, Lawrence Mathias, Mahesh V. Hegde, and Sukumar Shanmugam. "Short - Term Effects of Eccentric Hip Abductors and Lateral Rotators Strengthening In Sedentary People with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome on Pain and Function : A Randomized Control Trail." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 06, no. 01 (2016): 068–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1708621.
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Abstract Purpose: To investigate the influence of additional eccentric strengthening to the hip abductor and lateral rotator musculature on pain and function in sedentary people with Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Methods: 30 sedentary patients between 18 and 40 years of age, with a diagnosis of PFPS, all the subjects received treatment for a period of 4weeks and the subjects were randomly assigned to Control group (CG) and Experimental group (EG). The patients in the Control group (n = 15) performed a conventional knee-stretching and strengthening program, whereas, patients in the Experimental group (n = 15) performed the same exercises as those in the control group ,in addition received eccentric strengthening exercises for the hip abductors and lateral rotators. An 11-point numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) and the Anterior Knee Pain Scale (AKPS) were used as outcome measures during the baseline and at the end of 4weeks . Results: Statistics were retrieved using SPSS.16, paired 't' test was conducted to compare AKPS and LEFS values ,whereas, Mann- Whitney U test was used for NPRS value between the groups. After 4 weeks of treatment, the control group, pre and post-test value for AKPS (p<0.001),LEFS (P<0.001),NPRS (p<0.001) shows a statistical significance and even in the experimental group, pre and post-test value for AKPS (p<0.001),LEFS (P<0.001),NPRS (p<0.001) shows a statistical significance in pain and function, but comparing both the group experimental group is significantly more better AKPS (p=0.002),LEFS (P<0.001),NPRS (P<0.001) then a control group. Conclusion: short term Knee strengthening exercises supplemented by eccentric hip abductor and lateral rotator musculature–strengthening exercises were more effective than knee exercises alone in improving function and reducing pain in sedentary people with PFPS.
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Lam, Stanley K. H., Kenneth Dean Reeves, and An-Lin Cheng. "Transition from Deep Regional Blocks toward Deep Nerve Hydrodissection in the Upper Body and Torso: Method Description and Results from a Retrospective Chart Review of the Analgesic Effect of 5% Dextrose Water as the Primary Hydrodissection Injectate to Enhance Safety." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7920438.
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Deep nerve hydrodissection uses fluid injection under pressure to purposely separate nerves from areas of suspected fascial compression, which are increasingly viewed as potential perpetuating factors in recalcitrant neuropathic pain/complex regional pain. The usage of 5% dextrose water (D5W) as a primary injectate for hydrodissection, with or without low dose anesthetic, could limit anesthetic-related toxicity. An analgesic effect of 5% dextrose water (D5W) upon perineural injection in patients with chronic neuropathic pain has recently been described. Here we describe ultrasound-guided methods for hydrodissection of deep nerve structures in the upper torso, including the stellate ganglion, brachial plexus, cervical nerve roots, and paravertebral spaces. We retrospectively reviewed the outcomes of 100 hydrodissection treatments in 26 consecutive cases with a neuropathic pain duration of 16±12.2 months and the mean Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) 0–10 pain level of 8.3±1.3. The mean percentage of analgesia during each treatment session involving D5W injection without anesthetic was 88.1% ± 9.8%. The pretreatment Numeric Pain Rating Scale score of 8.3±1.3 improved to 1.9±0.9 at 2 months after the last treatment. Patients received 3.8±2.6 treatments over 9.7±7.8 months from the first treatment to the 2-month posttreatment follow-up. Pain improvement exceeded 50% in all cases and 75% in half. Our results confirm the analgesic effect of D5W injection and suggest that hydrodissection using D5W provides cumulative pain reduction.
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Firdaus, Riyadh, Besthadi Sukmono, Annemarie Chrysantia Melati, and Berial Dewin Marzaini. "Comparison between Vapocoolant Spray and Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics Cream in Reducing Pain during Spinal Injections." Anesthesiology Research and Practice 2018 (September 9, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5050273.
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Background. Eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) cream is often used for local anesthesia during spinal injections. However, this agent has delayed onset of action while vapocoolant spray serves more advantages. The vapocoolant spray containing ethyl chloride has fast onset and is safe, low cost, and widely available. This study aimed at comparing the effectiveness of vapocoolant spray and EMLA cream in reducing pain for spinal injections. Methods. This was an experimental study on 94 subjects with 47 subjects treated with EMLA cream and 47 subjects treated with vapocoolant spray. The effectiveness of anesthesia was assessed by using Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and patient movement during the surgery. Results. This study found that the pain scale was NPRS 0 (0–3) for the EMLA group and NPRS 0 (0–4) for the vapocoolant spray group. There was no significant difference between two groups for pain scale according to the Mann–Whitney U test. For patient movement, the movement was reported only in one (2.1%) patient in the EMLA group and one (2.1%) patient in the vapocoolant spray group. Based on Fisher’s test, there was no significant difference between the two groups for patient movement. Conclusions. Both EMLA cream and vapocoolant spray were equally effective in reducing pain during spinal injection. There was no difference in degree of pain reduction and patient movement between the EMLA cream group and the vapocoolant spray group during spinal injection.
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Mehmood, Fatima, Dr Aiesha Malik, and Muhammad Zeeshan. "Comparison of Effects of Low Level Laser and Ultrasound Therapy in Plantar Fasciitis." International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science 5, no. 11 (2020): 510–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol05-i11/987.
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Plantar Fasciitis is among the major causes of heel pain. Mechanical stress of plantar aponeurosis usually causes inflammation thus result in problem with weight bearing and difficulty in walking. Pain often exacerbates and may stick at for months with unremitting activity, limiting the activities of daily living and the functional status. The objective of the study was to compare the effects of low level laser and ultrasound therapy in patients for pain and their functional status presents with plantar fasciitis. This study was a Quasi-experimental trial and conducted at Physical therapy Center for Arthritis & Rehabilitation Excellence (PT CARE), Gulberg III Lahore. The study completed in the time duration of six months (Aug 2019 – Jan 2020). Consecutive sampling technique was used to collect the data. A sample size of `total 28 patients were taken in this study; patients were divided into two groups. Conventional Physiotherapy protocol was given to both groups as baseline treatment. (Group A patients were treated with low level laser protocol whereas Group B was treated with ultrasound therapy protocol). Functional Foot Index (FFI) score was used to ask some questions related to patients symptoms and daily activities and to measure the intensity of pain Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) was used. All participants of the study filled the FFI & NPRS score and Numeric pain rating scale on day 1 in first cycle as pretreatment values and at the end of 5th session and 10th session as first and second cycles as post treatment values respectively. Data was analyzed on SPSS 21.The means of pre-treatment NPRS in group A was 7.78 and in group B means of pre-treatment NPRS was 7.35 with p value <0.05. Means difference of NPRS for group A was 4.07 and in group B the post treatment-1 means difference 4.85 with p value <0.05. Means of post treatment-2 in group A was 1.71 and in group B was 2.64 with p value <0.05. While means of pre-treatment in group A for FFI was 77.66 in group A and group B was 73.35 with p value <0.05. Means of post treatment-1 for group A for FFI was 54.50 and for group B 58.27 with p value <0.05. And means of post treatment-2 in FFI for group-A was 28.22 and for group B was 35.88 with p values <0.05. Low Level Laser Therapy is more effective than Ultrasound Therapy in reducing pain and improving functions in patients with plantar fasciitis and vice versa.
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Venkatraman, Manjari, Kalaivanan Karuppan, Nithyashree Murugappa, Harishma Karthikeyan, and Abarna Balasubramani. "Effect of siddha varmam therapy in the management of cervical spondylosis - A case series." Bioinformation 21, no. 2 (2025): 199–204. https://doi.org/10.6026/973206300210199.
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Cervical spondylosis is a degenerative condition affecting the intervertebral discs and vertebral bodies of the neck, causing pain, stiffness and neurological symptoms. Cervical spondylosis is closely associated with Ceganavatham, where pain management is the primary treatment focus in Siddha medicine. Varmam therapy is a traditional Siddha technique that was applied to 10 patients with Ceganavatham using selected pressure points once every two days for 12 sessions. Pain and disability levels were measured using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Neck Disability Index (NDI) before, during and after treatment. The results showed a significant reduction in pain and disability, suggesting that Varmam therapy is an effective treatment for Ceganavatham. It should ne noted that further studies are needed for validation.
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Syeda Bakhtawer Bokhari, Faiza Taufiq, Minal Fatima, et al. "Effects of Soft Tissue Mobilization Versus Myofascial Release Technique on Low Back Pain and Disability in Post-Partum Females After Caesarean Section." Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research 4, no. 3 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i3.1201.
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Background: Postpartum females who undergo cesarean section often experience low back pain (LBP) and disability. Effective management of these symptoms is crucial for enhancing recovery and quality of life.Objective: To evaluate and compare the effects of soft tissue mobilization (STM) and myofascial release therapy (MFR) on LBP and disability in postpartum females after cesarean section.Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted with 24 postpartum females who underwent cesarean sections. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A received STM, and Group B received MFR. Both interventions were administered twice weekly for three weeks. Pain and disability were assessed at baseline, six weeks, and twelve weeks post-intervention using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, with significance set at p < 0.05.Results: Group B (MFR) demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in NPRS scores (1.09 ± 1.04) and ODI scores (6.54 ± 7.70) compared to Group A (STM) with NPRS scores (4.27 ± 0.90) and ODI scores (22.36 ± 12.20) (p < 0.05).Conclusion: MFR was more effective than STM in reducing LBP and disability in postpartum females following cesarean section.
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Muhammad Abbass, Shahzeen ul Qamar, Maria Habib, Muhammad Hanif, Shaheer Masood, and Haram Usman. "A Study to Compare the Effectiveness of McKenzie Neck Exercise and Contract Relax Stretching in Mechanical Neck Pain." Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research 4, no. 2 (2024): 1629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.1195.
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Background: Mechanical neck pain is commonly defined as pain between the superior nuchal line and an imaginary transverse line through the tip of the first thoracic spinous process, extending laterally to the sagittal planes peripheral to the lateral borders of the neck. Neck pain (NP) can be local and/or referred into the head and/or upper limbs. NP is a prevalent musculoskeletal issue worldwide, similar to low back pain (LBP), characterized by episodic occurrences with high recurrence and chronicity rates. It frequently arises insidiously and is multifactorial in origin, with modifiable factors including smoking, poor posture, anxiety, depression, neck strain, and occupational activities. NP is a significant societal burden, particularly prevalent among office workers and computer users. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of McKenzie neck exercises and contract-relax stretching in alleviating mechanical neck pain. Methods: This quasi-experimental study included 40 participants aged 25 to 50 years from Allied Hospital Faisalabad, selected using purposive sampling. Participants were divided into two groups of 20 each. Group 1 received McKenzie neck exercises, while Group 2 received contract-relax stretching. Both groups underwent treatment three times per week for 6 to 8 weeks. Pain and functional performance were evaluated using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Neck Disability Index (NDI). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 27.0, with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test applied for within-group comparisons and the Mann-Whitney U test for between-group comparisons. Results: In Group 1 (contract-relax stretching), NPRS scores improved from a mean of 2.56 (SD=0.51) to 2.11 (SD=0.47) (Z=-2.828, p<0.05), and NDI scores improved from a mean of 3.78 (SD=0.55) to 0.73 (SD=0.73) (Z=-3.419, p<0.05). In Group 2 (McKenzie neck exercises), NPRS scores improved from a mean of 2.61 (SD=0.50) to 1.72 (SD=0.57) (Z=-2.828, p<0.01), and NDI scores improved from a mean of 3.22 (SD=0.73) to 2.06 (SD=0.94) (Z=-3.391, p<0.05). Between-group comparisons indicated that Group 2 had significantly greater improvements in NPRS (mean rank 15.47 vs. 21.53, p<0.05) and NDI scores (mean rank 13.86 vs. 23.14, p<0.05). Conclusion: Both McKenzie neck exercises and contract-relax stretching effectively reduced pain and improved function in patients with mechanical neck pain. However, McKenzie neck exercises demonstrated significantly greater improvements in pain relief and functional outcomes. Therefore, McKenzie neck exercises may be preferred for managing mechanical neck pain. Keywords: Mechanical Neck Pain, McKenzie Neck Exercise, Contract-Relax Stretching, Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Neck Disability Index
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Sanjeev, Jetli, Verma Alok, and Sharma Himanshu. "A Comparative Study on Efficacy and Safety for Management of Neuropathic Pain with Gabapentin, Pregabalin and Amitriptyline." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 14, no. 11 (2022): 805–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13879521.
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<strong>Introduction: </strong>Current treatment for neuropathic pain (NeP) are tricyclic antidepressants (TCA), gabapentin and pregabalin as first-line treatment for the most common NeP conditions. Current therapy for the treatment of neuropathic pain is often unsatisfactory. Considerable variation in treatment pattern still exists in spite of availability of sufficient literature from various guidelines. Recent Indian market data suggested that the utilization (sale) of drugs such as amitriptyline, pregabalin, and gabapentin is actually recommended in the guidelines. <strong>Methods: </strong>It is a prospective, comparative, open label, single centre, three arm study. A total of 300 patients diagnosed with cases of chronic lumbar radiculopathy based on symptoms, clinical examination, X-ray and MRI scan of lumbosacral spine, were randomized into three groups to receive Group A patients received Gabapentine 300 mg, Group B patients received Pregabaline 75 mg, Group C patients received Amitriptyline 10 mg. Patients were assessed for pain relief by using visual analogue scale and an overall improvement in their general condition by patient’s global impression of change scale. Adverse drug reactions were recorded on each follow up. <strong>Results: </strong>All patients had significant improvement in pain relief in three treatment groups. The mean Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) score At 2 months, the Mean±SD of NPRS score in Group A was 3.72±2.65, in Group B and Group C were 3.63±2.65 and 5.21±2.65 respectively with F-value of 6.63 and p-value of 0.001 which was statistically significant. Intergroup comparison shows significant differences among three the treatment groups. The adverse effects reported occurrence of dizziness was significantly more in group B with 21 patients (23.33%) as compared to group A with 11 patients (12.22%) and group C with 4 patients (4.44%), [p=0.041). The sedation occurred in 28 patients of group B (31.11%), which was significantly more than group A i,e, in 23 patients (25.55%) and group C i.e. 22 patients (24.44%), [P=0.036]. <strong>Conclusions: </strong>In patients with NeP Thus, in conclusion three groups Gabapentine, Pregabaline and Amitriptyline are equally efficacious in relieving pain in NeP. Pregabalin has the advantages in terms of Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) score over the Gabapentine and Amitriptyline. Gabapentine has fewer reported adverse effects and hence a better patient compliance on long term use.
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Shahzadi, Tasneem, Sara Aabroo, Iqra Abdul Ghafoor, and Sidra Shafique. "COMPARISON OF REGIONAL MANUAL THERAPY AND STANDARD PHYSICAL THERAPY INTERVENTION IN FEMALES WITH SACROILIAC JOINT PAIN." Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation 12, no. 1 (2023): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36283/pjr.zu.12.1/012.
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Background and Aim: Sacroiliac joint pain is localized in the region of sacroiliac joint which can be increased by stress and provocation tests of the joint. Aim of this study was to compare two interventions for reduction of sacroiliac joint pain. Methodology: Study design was randomized clinical trial. Study was conducted in bajwah hospital and children polyclinic Lahore. Duration of study was six months. The total sample size was 64 patients. Females of 20-50 years old with diagnosed sacroiliac joint pain were included in this study. Compression and distraction objective tests were performed for further confirmation of sacroiliac joint pain. Purposive sampling technique was used. Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) and Oswestry low back disability questionnaire (ODI) were used to collect the data. Exclusion criteria was females with fractures and other abnormalities of spine. Results: Results showed that both groups were equal when assessed on baseline by normality test colmogorov-smirnova. Independent t test was applied to compare the mean value of NPRS. Pretreatment mean of NPRS scale for both the regional treatment and standard treatment groups was 7.After 4 weeks NPRS of regional treatment group was 4 and of standard treatment group was 7. The mean value of pretreatment ODI for regional treatment group was 33 and for standard treatment group was 34.After 4 weeks ODI of regional treatment group was 24 and mean of standard treatment group was 27. Conclusion: It is concluded that after giving equal sessions to both groups when results were assessed regional treatment is more effective than standard treatment.
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P Patel, Neha, and Megha S Sheth. "Effect of William Exercise and Blackburn Exercise in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Control Trial." International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research 9, no. 3 (2024): 421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20240350.
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Background: Low back pain (LBP) physiotherapy treatment, mostly focuses on low back area and lower limb. Fewer physiotherapists and studies correlate the upper back and LBP. The present study was conducted to see the effect of lumbar stabilization (William) exercise and scapular stabilization (Black burn) exercise in chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients. Methods: Total 28 subjects were allocated randomly by the lottery method in two different treatment groups, Group-A (William exercise + black burn exercise group) and Group-B (William exercise). Pain intensity was measured by numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), and functional disability score by Roland - Morris disability questionnaire (RMDQ). Statistical analysis was done using SPSS V.20. Result: Within group analysis showed statistically significant difference in NPRS score(Z =-3.320, p < 0.001), RMDQ score(Z = -3.300, p < 0.001) in group A. Whereas NPRS score (Z = -3.341, p < 0.001), RMDQ score (Z = -3.202, p < 0.001) in group B. Comparison of baseline data showed no statistically significant difference in NPRS score (U=89, p=0.668) and RMDQ score (U=84, p=0.518) in both the groups. At the end of 4 weeks of intervention, data showed statistically significant difference in NPRS score (U=51.5, p=0.024) and RMDQ score (U=52.5, p=0.035) between both the groups. Conclusion: This study concludes that William exercise is good for the CLBP patients but William exercise and Blackburn exercise shows superior results in pain reduction and also reduced back related disability and restored functioning in CLBP patients. Keywords: Low back pain, William exercise, Scapular stabilization, black burn exercise
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Patel, Hetal Dhanraj, and Hemal Patel. "Influence of Physical Activity on Menstrual Pain Among Young Women in Ahmedabad." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 14, no. 2 (2024): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20240226.
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Background: menstrual pain is one of the most common gynecologic complaints. the purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between physical activity and menstrual pain among young women in Ahmedabad. Introduction: primary dysmenorrhea is menstrual discomfort without pelvic disease along with cramping abdominal pain associated with menses. it affects quality of life and physical activity of women. Any disturbance in menstrual pattern can eventually affects ones physical as well as psychological health which in term hamper the quality of life of women. according to early research women who does exercise have much less indication of menstrual pain than women with sedentary lifestyle. Methodology: The study conducted on 100 young women from Ahmedabad based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Women of age group 18 to 30 years were included. The outcome measure used for physical activity is international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) and for menstrual pain is numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) was filled by 101 individuals with menstrual pain and submitted through google form. Result: Data was analyzed by using SPSS 29.00 version. For the correlation between physical activity and menstrual pain spearman rho test was applied (r =-0.436 and p = less than 0.001). Conclusion: There is significant negative correlation between physical activity and menstrual pain among young women. study suggest that subjects with higher physical activity have lower menstrual pain. Key words: physical activity, menstrual pain, numeric pain rating scale, international physical activity questionnaire.
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Barassi, Giovanni, Stefania Spina, Francesco D’Alessandro, et al. "Cardio-Respiratory, Functional and Antalgic Effects of the Integrated Thermal Care Protocol After Breast Cancer Surgery." Life 15, no. 3 (2025): 374. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15030374.
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Background: In the cardio-respiratory rehabilitation field, thermal medicine represents an interesting complementary therapy approach. It can aid in complex medical contexts characterized by cardio-respiratory deficiency, functional limitation, and pain determined by the invasiveness of pharmacological and surgical treatments in combination with limited post-surgical physical activity. Methods: We investigated the evolution of cardio-respiratory and functional performances following the application of the Integrated Thermal Care (ITC) protocol in 11 mastectomized/quadrantectomized women (mean age of 54 years). The ITC protocol consisted of hydroponic treatments, steam inhalations treatment, hydrokinesitherapy, and manual treatments. Patients were assessed before and after a cycle of 1 h long treatment sessions, which were performed 5 days a week for 4 weeks. The outcomes were measured through the following scales and tests: Piper Fatigue Scale (PIPER), 6-Minute Walking Test (6MWT), Five Times Sit-to-Stand (5STS), Range of Arm Motion (ROM), Disability of the Arm–Shoulder–Hand Scale (DASH), and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Results: We found appreciable improvements in cardio-respiratory efficiency and in pain perception exemplified by a reduction of PIPER, 5STS, DASH, and NPRS values together with an increase in 6MWT and ROM values. Conclusions: We conclude that ITC is a promising rehabilitative tool to enhance cardio-respiratory and functional performance and reduce pain after mastectomy/quadrantectomy.
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Rani, Shama, Hira Ahmed, Saha Khan, and Mohammad Amir. "Association of Body Mass Index with Pain Perception, Anxiety, Depression, and Disability in Fibromyalgia Patients." Allied Medical Research Journal 2, no. 2 (2024): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.59564/amrj/02.02/006.
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Background: A disorder of uncertain origin, Fibromyalgia (FM) is accompanied by pervasive pain, tiredness, disturbed sleep, and cognitive deficit. It has been related to depression, manic-depressive illness, and chronic fatigue. FM is negatively affected by obesity on both clinical and biological parameters. Methods: A total of n=150 FM patients (132 Female and 18 Male) were included in the study. Initially, informed consent and demographic data were gathered from the participants. Afterwards, each patient's Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated and classified into average weight, overweight, and obese categories. The Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) was used to quantify the intensity of pain, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) was used to determine the participants’ anxiety levels, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) was used to examine their depression levels, and Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) was used to measure their functional status. All these questionnaires were self-administered by the participants. Results: In the NPRS, HAM-A, HAM-D, and HAQ-DI categories, no significant differences were found (p>0.05). However, between the BMI level and anxiety, a weak positive correlation was detected (r=0.195, p=0.017). BMI levels were not statistically significantly correlated with pain, depression, or disability (r=0.011, p=0.0897; r=0.048, p=0.562; r=0.072, p=0.383). Conclusion: The results of the study revealed that there is no significant association of pain perception, anxiety, depression and disability with increasing BMI among FM patients except for a weak positive correlation with anxiety. Keywords: Body Mass Index, Fibromyalgia, Pain, Obesity.
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Aneeqa Aqdas, Amna Tufail, Fatima Mazhar, et al. "Prevalence of De Quervain's Tenosynovitis Among Weightlifters." Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research 4, no. 3 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i3.1388.
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Background: De Quervain's tenosynovitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the tendons in the wrist's first dorsal compartment, commonly caused by repetitive wrist movements. Its prevalence among weightlifters remains underexplored.Objective: To determine the prevalence of De Quervain’s tenosynovitis among weightlifters.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to May 2024 in several cities of Pakistan, including Faisalabad, Lahore, Muridke, and Sheikhupura. A total of 380 weightlifters aged 20 to 40 years were recruited using non-probability convenience sampling. Data were collected through a self-constructed questionnaire, the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), and the Finkelstein test. Pain levels were assessed, and data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25.Results: Out of 380 participants, 272 (71.6%) tested positive for De Quervain's tenosynovitis. Among them, 137 (36.1%) reported moderate pain, and 80 (21.1%) reported severe pain on the NPRS. A higher prevalence was observed in males (56.6%) compared to females (43.4%).Conclusion: The study reveals a high prevalence of De Quervain’s tenosynovitis among weightlifters, emphasizing the need for preventive measures and early intervention strategies.
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Sarfraz, Shaina, Naveed Anwar, Sana Tauqeer, Tooba Asif, Noor Ul Ain, and Hammad Shakeel. "Comparison of effects of manual physical therapy and exercise therapy for patients with Temporomandibular disorders." Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 73, no. 1 (2022): 129–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47391/jpma.3594.
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The term temporomandibular disorder is used for pain and dysfunction at the temporomandibular joint. Manual therapy or exercise therapy has proven to be an effective measure for pain relief. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of manual therapy and exercise therapy in temporomandibular disorders. A quasi-experimental study was conducted from June 30, 2020 to December 30, 2020 in Al-Sheikh teaching hospital, Sialkot, Pakistan. A convenient sample of 24 patients was involved in the study. Lottery method was used to randomise the patients in either the Manual Therapy Group or Exercise Therapy Group. The participantswere assessed before and after the intervention through Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) for pain, Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) for function, Fonesca Amnestic Index (FAI) for the severity of condition, and MillimetreMouth Opening (MMO) for ranges. ---Continue
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Das, Gautam, Suspa Das, Rajendra Sahoo, Sneha Shreyas, Basabraj Kanthi, and Vikas S. Sharma. "Efficacy of cryoneurolysis versus intra-articular steroid in sacroiliac joint pain: A retrospective, case-control study." Indian Journal of Anaesthesia 67, no. 11 (2023): 1004–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ija.ija_938_22.
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Background and Aims: Intra-articular steroids provide significant pain relief in sacroiliac joint pain (SIJP), but their action is short-lived. Cryoneurolysis is reported to produce prolonged pain relief in various pain conditions. However, its efficacy has not been evaluated in patients with SIJP. Thus, we compared the efficacy of cryoneurolysis with steroid injections in adult patients with SIJP. Methods: This retrospective healthcare records review–based study involved 83 patients with SIJP. Patients were divided into two groups: cases (sacroiliac joint [SIJ] cryoneurolysis, n = 39) and controls (SIJ steroid injection, n = 44). An 11-point numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) was used to assess the pain severity at baseline and immediately, 1, 3 and 6 months post-intervention. A reduction of ≥50% in NPRS score immediately following SIJ cryoneurolysis and steroid injection was considered a successful outcome. The difference between the treatment groups was assessed with a Chi-square test, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Both cases and controls showed significantly decreased NPRS scores from baseline to immediately, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months postintervention (P < 0.001). However, compared to controls, cases had significantly lower NPRS scores at all time points (all P < 0.001). Moreover, a significantly greater proportion of cases had ≥50% decrease in NPRS score from baseline, that is, 1 month (97.44% vs. 75%, P = 0.004), 3 months (100% vs. 47.73%, P < 0.001) and 6 months (69.23% vs. 27.27%, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Although both cryoneurolysis and intra-articular steroid injections provide significant pain relief immediately, 1, 3 and 6 months postintervention, cryoneurolysis resulted in significantly greater pain relief.
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Taj, Saeeda, Kinza Anwar, Hafsah Arshad, Maria Khalid, Mohammad Qasim Ali, and Ejaz Hussain. "Effectiveness of Maitland Mobilization versus Pain release phenomena for pain, range of motion and disability in early knee osteoarthritis." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, no. 1 (2023): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs202317130.
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Aim: To compare the effectiveness of Maitland mobilization and pain release phenomena for Pain, Range of motion disability in early knee osteoarthritis. Methodology: Randomized control trail was conducted at Department of Physical Therapy, Railway General Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan within a duration of 6 months. Participants aged between 35-60 years including both genders, diagnosed with stage 1 and 2 knee osteoarthritis were included. Range of motion (ROM) was assessed by Goniometer, Numeric pain rating scale(NPRS) used for pain and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores used for knee disability. IBM SPSS 24 was used for statistical analysis. Non-parametric tests were used for NPRS while parametric test were used for knee ROM and knee disability . Results: Total 47 participants, were analyzed in which mean age in Experimental Maitland mobilization group A was 45.3±6.06 while mean age in experimental pain release phenomena group B was 45.4±4.59. Between-group analysis for NPRS was significantly improved at post intervention having p value (0.03). Between group comparison of knee ROM and WOMAC also showed significant p value. (p value=<0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that both techniques are equally effective in decreasing pain, improving knee ROMs and functional mobility in early knee osteoarthritis. Keywords: Knee Osteoarthritis; Early Mobilization ; Knee Joint Pain; Knee Joint Range Of Motion; Knee Disability.