Journal articles: 'Numerical classification of soil profile'

1

Carré, F., and M. Jacobson. "Numerical classification of soil profile data using distance metrics." Geoderma 148, no. 3-4 (January 2009): 336–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.11.008.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Obi, J. C., I. B. Udoh, F. R. Adefila, and U. E. Brownson. "Numerical classification and digital mapping of coastal plain sands of Southeastern Nigeria." Agro-Science 19, no. 2 (April 22, 2020): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/as.v19i2.3.

Full text

Abstract:

The study classified the coastal plain sands of south-eastern Nigeria at the series level and modeled the classification using digital terrain attributes. The study utilized 72 secondary and 12 primary profile pits data generated from 24 and 4 locations (at 3 per location) for classification/modelling and validation respectively. The three profile pits per location represents the three topographic positions of upper, middle and lower slopes. Digital elevation model was also utilized for the generation of terrain attributes. Soil morphological characteristics were coded for suitability in statistical analysis. Hierarchical clustering was utilized in the grouping of the soil into 17 homogeneous groups referred to as soil series. Regression kriging was used to model the predicted soil series within the area covered by coastal plain sands in Akwa Ibom State. The variables that could be used in the modelling of the different classified soil series include Sand Content, aspect, flow accumulation, compound topographic index (CTI), elevation, hill shade, slope, curvature, flow direction, stream power index (SPI), profile curvature, tangential curvature (R2 = 0.21).Out of the 17 soil series classified, 14 was successfully mapped using digital technique. It was observed that 66.7% of the classified soil series were accurately predicted using digital mapping technique. The classifications carried out numerically made use of morphological discrete variables whereas digital used empirically determined continuous variables which could be more accurate. Therefore it could be inferred that the digitally produced soil classification is more accurate and 14 soil series could be identified and mapped in the study area. Key words: pedogenesis, digital soil mapping, soil series, hierarchical clusters, regression kriging

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Wickramagamage, P. "Characterization of soil profiles for numerical classification." Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka 14, no. 2 (June 30, 1986): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v14i2.8319.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Mckenzie, NJ, and MP Austin. "Utility of the factual key and soil taxonomy in the Lower Macquarie Valley, NSW." Soil Research 27, no. 2 (1989): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9890289.

Full text

Abstract:

The utility of the Factual Key and Soil Taxonomy was tested by using comprehensive soil survey data from the lower Macquarie Valley, N.S.W. The aim was to assess whether the two classification schemes partitioned soil variation efficiently and to establish their usefulness for predicting variables not used during profile allocation. A numerical taxonomic method was used to generate a local classification which served as a benchmark to assess the two national systems. The effectiveness of the three classifications was determined by comparing the proportion of variation accounted for in a range of soil properties of direct relevance to irrigated and dryland agriculture. The Factual Key and Soil Taxonomy were found to be equally poor for predicting relevant soil properties. Both systems arbitrarily subdivided important local modalities. The variation accounted for by the numerical classification was 20-30% greater. The result demonstrates the practical advantages of a local classification and the reality of Butler's taxonomic hiatus.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Barani, Simone, Roberto De Ferrari, Gabriele Ferretti, and Claudio Eva. "Assessing the Effectiveness of Soil Parameters for Ground Response Characterization and Soil Classification." Earthquake Spectra 24, no. 3 (August 2008): 565–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2946440.

Full text

Abstract:

The average shear wave velocity over the top 30 m of a soil profile ( VS,30) represents an usual parameter for soil classification in a modern building code for seismic design. In this work the ground response of about 100 soil profiles in Tuscany and Molise (Italy) is studied through 1-D numerical simulations in order to evaluate the reliability of European and Italian soil classifications based on the VS,30 criterion. The amplification factor, Fa, defined here as the ratio of the pseudo-velocity response spectrum intensity (Housner 1952) at the surface, S Is, to the pseudo-velocity response spectrum intensity at the rock outcrop, S Ir, is related to some soil parameters, such as VS,30, the fundamental frequency of vibration of the soil column, F0, and seismic impedance contrast, Iw. Analyzing the standard deviation of the residual obtained from regression analyses of Fa versus VS,30, F0, and Iw shows that F0 is the most helpful parameter for the prediction of Fa. Hence F0 appears to be more appropriate than VS,30 and Iw for the characterization of the seismic response of a site and, therefore, should not be disregarded in building code soil classifications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

LAMONTAGNE, L., and C. CAMIRE. "SOIL ANALYSIS AND NUMERICAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE LANORAIE DELTA, QUEBEC." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 67, no. 3 (August 1, 1987): 417–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss87-041.

Full text

Abstract:

Analysis and numerical classification of Lanoraie Delta soils were performed as part of an ecological study. After stratification, using detailed soil maps, 84 forest sites were randomly sampled. Eighteen soil descriptors, mainly morphologic, were retained for numerical analysis. Gower's similarity coefficient between profiles was used for the principal coordinate analysis (PCA) which brought out the most probable factors governing soil distribution. The first two axes of the PCA represented 15.5 and 6.2% of the total variance. Soil distribution was along two gradients: soil water regime (Xeric-Hydric) and genetic development (Gleysolic-Podzolic). Cluster analysis by complete linkage created five soil groups which were composed of 23, 9, 17, 25 and 10 soil individuals, respectively. The interpretation of these soil groups utilized the superposition of clusters onto the first two axes of the PCA. Each group was classified into a taxonomic subgroup (Canadian System of Soil Classification) and defined by a typical humus form. Key words: Lanoraie Delta, multivariate analysis, soil classification

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Rizzo, Rodnei, José A. M. Demattê, and Fabrício da Silva Terra. "Using numerical classification of profiles based on Vis-NIR spectra to distinguish soils from the Piracicaba Region, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 38, no. 2 (April 2014): 372–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832014000200002.

Full text

Abstract:

Considering that information from soil reflectance spectra is underutilized in soil classification, this paper aimed to evaluate the relationship of soil physical, chemical properties and their spectra, to identify spectral patterns for soil classes, evaluate the use of numerical classification of profiles combined with spectral data for soil classification. We studied 20 soil profiles from the municipality of Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil, which were morphologically described and classified up to the 3rd category level of the Brazilian Soil Classification System (SiBCS). Subsequently, soil samples were collected from pedogenetic horizons and subjected to soil particle size and chemical analyses. Their Vis-NIR spectra were measured, followed by principal component analysis. Pearson's linear correlation coefficients were determined among the four principal components and the following soil properties: pH, organic matter, P, K, Ca, Mg, Al, CEC, base saturation, and Al saturation. We also carried out interpretation of the first three principal components and their relationships with soil classes defined by SiBCS. In addition, numerical classification of the profiles based on the OSACA algorithm was performed using spectral data as a basis. We determined the Normalized Mutual Information (NMI) and Uncertainty Coefficient (U). These coefficients represent the similarity between the numerical classification and the soil classes from SiBCS. Pearson's correlation coefficients were significant for the principal components when compared to sand, clay, Al content and soil color. Visual analysis of the principal component scores showed differences in the spectral behavior of the soil classes, mainly among Argissolos and the others soils. The NMI and U similarity coefficients showed values of 0.74 and 0.64, respectively, suggesting good similarity between the numerical and SiBCS classes. For example, numerical classification correctly distinguished Argissolos from Latossolos and Nitossolos. However, this mathematical technique was not able to distinguish Latossolos from Nitossolos Vermelho férricos, but the Cambissolos were well differentiated from other soil classes. The numerical technique proved to be effective and applicable to the soil classification process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Zeng, R., D. G. Rossiter, and G. L. Zhang. "How compatible are numerical classifications based on whole-profile vis-NIR spectra and the Chinese Soil Taxonomy?" European Journal of Soil Science 70, no. 1 (January 2019): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12771.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Giardina, Giorgia, Max A. N. Hendriks, and Jan G. Rots. "Numerical Analysis of Tunnelling Effects on Masonry Buildings: The Influence of Tunnel Location on Damage Assessment." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.289.

Full text

Abstract:

The architectural heritage is subjected to various risk factors like the lack of maintenance, the material decay and the external solicitations. Nowadays, due to the ever-increasing demand for urban space, a relevant cause of structural damage that the historical buildings experience is the ground settlement due to excavation works. In the city of Amsterdam, for example, the construction of the new North-South metro line will involve an area characterized by the presence of many ancient masonry buildings. A fundamental phase of the design of this kind of projects is the assessment of the risk of subsidence which can affect the existing structures. The actual method to perform this assessment provides for a preliminary screening of the buildings located in the area surrounding the excavation, in order to evaluate which structures are at risk of settlement induced damage. It is based on the simplification of the building as a linear elastic beam and the assumption of the absence of interaction between the soil and the structure. An improved classification system should take into account the main parameters which influence the structural response, like the nonlinear behaviour of the building and the role played by the foundation in the soil-structure interaction. In this paper, the effect on the damage mechanism of the excavation advance and the location of the tunnel with respect to the building is evaluated. Numerical analyses are performed in order to understand the effect of different settlement profiles of the ground. A coupled model of the structure and the soil is evaluated, taking into account a damage model for the masonry building and the nonlinear behaviour of the soil-structure interaction. This paper demonstrates the importance of 3D modelling; neglecting the tunnel advance can lead to an underestimation of the damage.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Souza, Alisson Cesar Da Cunha, and Márcio Luiz Da Silva. "Geoprocessamento Aplicado ao Levantamento de Solos no Município de Inconfidentes-MG (GIS Applied to the Soil Survey in the City of Inconfidentes-MG)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 9, no. 1 (January 26, 2016): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v9.1.p200-214.

Full text

Abstract:

A identificação e mapeamento dos solos servem como subsidio para planejamentos agrícolas, levantamentos do uso da terra, estudos de terras para irrigação, estudos de preservação, análise e recuperação ambientais, predição de desastres naturais como o monitoramento de processos erosivos, dentre outros. Nesse sentido, os levantamentos e avaliações de solo, para fins agrícolas ou não, ganham importância, pois através deles é possível conhecer as propriedades desse recurso natural, permitindo sua utilização de forma consciente e adequada. O uso de sistemas de informações geográficas tem introduzido novos métodos para o levantamento e mapeamento de solos, por meio de modelagens, a partir da utilização de mapas temáticos básicos e modelos numéricos de terreno ou modelos digitais de elevação, que possibilitam, principalmente, a compreensão das relações entre a paisagem e as classes de solo. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi a realização do levantamento e mapeamento dos solos do município de Inconfidentes - MG, utilizando técnicas de geoprocessamento, e a classificação pedológica até o quarto nível categórico através da generalização, a partir da descrição morfológica e determinações analíticas de perfis de solos representativos. Foi realizada a caracterização da área de estudos, a aquisição e tratamento de dados cartográficos. A descrição morfológica dos perfis foi realizada em pontos previamente definidos, representativos das distintas classes de solo do município. As análises físico-químicas foram realizadas em todas as amostras dos horizontes dos perfis de solos coletados em campo. A generalização do levantamento de solos foi elaborada através do processamento dos dados cartográficos e obtidos em campo, com a utilização do software ArGIS 9.3. O mapeamento pedológico do município foi então o resultado da integração e correlação dos dados altimétricos, da declividade, da rede de drenagem, do canal fluvial, do relevo e da litologia, associados com a caracterização feita em campo e as determinações analíticas. Como resultado, foi possível mapear as áreas de ocorrência de Latossolos, Gleissolos e Cambissolos, as três ordens de solos mais representativos do município, classificando-os até o quarto nível categórico. O uso das ferramentas de geotecnologia se mostrou muito útil para a caracterização das classes pedológicas e posterior generalização, uma vez que através delas foi possível inferir as condições ambientais de formação dos solos e integrá-los com dados de campo e análises laboratoriais. ABSTRACT The identification and mapping of soils serve as subsidy for agricultural planning, land use surveys, land studies for irrigation, preservation studies, environmental analysis and recovery, prediction of natural disasters such as monitoring erosion, among others. In this sense, soil surveys and assessments, for agricultural purposes or not, become important because through them you can know the properties of this natural resource, allowing its use consciously and appropriately. The use of geographic information systems has introduced new methods to survey and soil mapping, through modeling, from the use of basic thematic maps and numerical terrain models and digital elevation models, which enable, especially, understanding the relationship between the landscape and the soil classes. The objective of this work was the completion of the survey and mapping of soils of city of Inconfidentes - MG, using geoprocessing techniques, and the pedological classification until the fourth categorical level by generalising from the morphological description and analytical profiles determinations representative soil. It was carried out to characterize their field of study, the acquisition and processing of cartographic data. The morphological description of the profiles was held in fixed locations, representative of the different soil classes of the municipality. The physicochemical analyzes were performed on all samples from the horizons of soil profiles collected in the field. Widespread soil survey was prepared by processing the cartographic data obtained in the field and, with the use of ArGIS 9.3 software. The pedological mapping of the municipality was then the result of the integration and correlation of altimetry data, the slope, the drainage network, the river channel, relief and lithology associated with the characterization made in the field and the analytical determinations. As a result, it was possible to map the areas of occurrence of Ferrasols, Cambisols and Gleysols, the three most representative soils of the municipality orders, sorting them until the fourth categorical level. The use of geotechnology tools proved very useful for the characterization of soil classes and subsequent generalization, since through them it was possible to infer the environmental conditions of soil formation and integrate them with field data and laboratory analysis. Keywords: Cambisols, Gleysols, Ferrasols, classification, hillslope.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

van der Linden, Steven J. A., Peter Baas, J. Antoon van Hooft, Ivo G. S. van Hooijdonk, Fred C. Bosveld, and Bas J. H. van de Wiel. "Local Characteristics of the Nocturnal Boundary Layer in Response to External Pressure Forcing." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 56, no. 11 (November 2017): 3035–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-17-0011.1.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractGeostrophic wind speed data, derived from pressure observations, are used in combination with tower measurements to investigate the nocturnal stable boundary layer at Cabauw, the Netherlands. Since the geostrophic wind speed is not directly influenced by local nocturnal stability, it may be regarded as an external forcing parameter of the nocturnal stable boundary layer. This is in contrast to local parameters such as in situ wind speed, the Monin–Obukhov stability parameter (z/L), or the local Richardson number. To characterize the stable boundary layer, ensemble averages of clear-sky nights with similar geostrophic wind speeds are formed. In this manner, the mean dynamical behavior of near-surface turbulent characteristics and composite profiles of wind and temperature are systematically investigated. The classification is found to result in a gradual ordering of the diagnosed variables in terms of the geostrophic wind speed. In an ensemble sense the transition from the weakly stable to very stable boundary layer is more gradual than expected. Interestingly, for very weak geostrophic winds, turbulent activity is found to be negligibly small while the resulting boundary cooling stays finite. Realistic numerical simulations for those cases should therefore have a comprehensive description of other thermodynamic processes such as soil heat conduction and radiative transfer.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Verheyen, Kris, Dries Adriaens, Martin Hermy, and Seppe Deckers. "High-resolution continuous soil classification using morphological soil profile descriptions." Geoderma 101, no. 3-4 (April 2001): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7061(00)00088-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Anibas, C., B. Verbeiren, K. Buis, J. Chormański, L. De Doncker, T. Okruszko, P. Meire, and O. Batelaan. "A hierarchical approach on groundwater-surface water interaction in wetlands along the upper Biebrza River, Poland." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 8, no. 5 (October 27, 2011): 9537–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-9537-2011.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Groundwater-surface water exchange studies on natural rivers and wetlands dominated by organic soils are scarce. We present a hierarchical approach to quantitatively investigate and interpret groundwater-surface water interaction in space and time by applying a combination of different field methods including piezometer nests, temperature and seepage measurements. The numerical 1-D heat transport model of STRIVE is used in transient mode to calculate vertical fluxes from thermal profiles measured along the upper Biebrza River, Poland over a period of nine months. The calculated fluxes show no clear spatial pattern of exchange fluxes unless an interpolation of the point estimates on a reach scale is performed. Significance of differences in net exchange rates versus morphological features are investigated with statistical tests. Time series of temperature and hydraulic head of the hyporheic zone are used to estimate the temporal variability of the groundwater-surface water exchange. Seepage meter measurements and slug tests were used for cross validation of modelled fluxes. Results show a strong heterogeneity of the thermal and physical soil properties along the reach, leading to a classification of these parameters for modelling purposes. The groundwater-surface water exchange shows predominantly upward water fluxes, however alternating sections of recharge exist. The exchange fluxes are significantly different dependent on the position of the river in the valley floor and the river morphology where fluxes are more dependent on hydraulic gradients than on river bed conductivity. Sections of higher fluxes are linked to the vicinity of the morainic plateau surrounding the rivers alluvium and to meanders, indicating that a perspective on the fluvio-plain scale is required for interpreting the estimated exchange fluxes. Since the vertical component of the exchange fluxes cannot explain the magnitude of the change in river discharge, a lateral flow component across the alluvial plain has to be responsible. The hierarchical methodology increases the confidence in the estimated exchange fluxes and improves the process understanding, however the accuracy of the measurements and related uncertainties remain challenges for wetland environments.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Shahbazi, Farzin, Jingyi Huang, Alex B. McBratney, and Philip Hughes. "Allocating soil profile descriptions to a novel comprehensive soil classification system." Geoderma 329 (November 2018): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.05.017.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Edinger, S. B., and L. J. Lund. "Block Diagrams and Soil Profile Characteristics in Soil Genesis and Classification Courses." Journal of Agronomic Education 20, no. 2 (September 1991): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jae1991.0086.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Marques, Karina PP, Rodnei Rizzo, André Carnieletto Dotto, Arnaldo Barros e. Souza, Fellipe AO Mello, Luiz GM Neto, Lúcia Helena C. dos Anjos, and José AM Demattê. "How qualitative spectral information can improve soil profile classification?" Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 27, no. 2 (January 3, 2019): 156–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967033518821965.

Full text

Abstract:

Soil classification is important to organize the knowledge of soil characteristics. Spectroscopy has increased in the last years as a technique for descriptive and quantitative evaluation of soils. Thus, our objective was to assess qualitative and quantitative methods on soil classification, based on model profiles. Soils in different environments in the Roraima state, Brazil, were evaluated and represented by 16 profiles, providing 109 soil samples, which were analyzed for particle size distribution, chemical attributes and spectral measurement. Visible-near infrared spectra (350–2500 nm) of soil samples were interpreted in terms of intensity, shape and features. The soil color obtained using a spectroradiometer and a colorimeter, and by a soil expert was compared. Descriptive and qualitative analyses were performed for all spectra of the soil profile samples. The descriptive evaluations of the spectral curves from all horizons of the same profile were used to identify the diagnostic attributes and assign a profile to a taxonomic class. This was possible because spectra of samples had specific shapes, features and intensities that combined to present a specific signature. The Outil Statistique d’Aide à la Cartogénèse Automatique and cluster quantitative analyses could not correctly group similar soil classes and they still need to be improved in order to extract all the variability of the spectral data to discriminate soil classes. Soil color quantification by the Munsell system using both equipments showed greater R2 and lower error than that achieved by a soil expert, due to influences of subjectivity inherent in human assessments. Based on this specific case, it was clear that the automatic system may be more consistent than the pedologist’s visual method. Future studies should focus on the development of an online tool that integrates a descriptive approach and spectral information of a given soil profile to determine its probable taxonomic class.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Maynard, Jonathan J., Shawn W. Salley, Dylan E. Beaudette, and Jeffery E. Herrick. "Numerical soil classification supports soil identification by citizen scientists using limited, simple soil observations." Soil Science Society of America Journal 84, no. 5 (September 2020): 1675–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/saj2.20119.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Flynn, Trevan, John Triantafilis, Andrei Rozanov, Freddie Ellis, Alberto Lázaro-López, Andrew Watson, and Cathy Clarke. "Numerical soil horizon classification from South Africa’s legacy database." CATENA 206 (November 2021): 105543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2021.105543.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Bellinaso, Henrique, José Alexandre Melo Demattê, and Suzana Araújo Romeiro. "Soil spectral library and its use in soil classification." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 34, no. 3 (June 2010): 861–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832010000300027.

Full text

Abstract:

Soil science has sought to develop better techniques for the classification of soils, one of which is the use of remote sensing applications. The use of ground sensors to obtain soil spectral data has enabled the characterization of these data and the advancement of techniques for the quantification of soil attributes. In order to do this, the creation of a soil spectral library is necessary. A spectral library should be representative of the variability of the soils in a region. The objective of this study was to create a spectral library of distinct soils from several agricultural regions of Brazil. Spectral data were collected (using a Fieldspec sensor, 350-2,500 nm) for the horizons of 223 soil profiles from the regions of Matão, Paraguaçu Paulista, Andradina, Ipaussu, Mirandópolis, Piracicaba, São Carlos, Araraquara, Guararapes, Valparaíso (SP); Naviraí, Maracajú, Rio Brilhante, Três Lagoas (MS); Goianésia (GO); and Uberaba and Lagoa da Prata (MG). A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the data was then performed and a graphic representation of the spectral curve was created for each profile. The reflectance intensity of the curves was principally influenced by the levels of Fe2O3, clay, organic matter and the presence of opaque minerals. There was no change in the spectral curves in the horizons of the Latossolos, Nitossolos, and Neossolos Quartzarênicos. Argissolos had superficial horizon curves with the greatest intensity of reflection above 2,200 nm. Cambissolos and Neossolos Litólicos had curves with greater reflectance intensity in poorly developed horizons. Gleisols showed a convex curve in the region of 350-400 nm. The PCA was able to separate different data collection areas according to the region of source material. Principal component one (PC1) was correlated with the intensity of reflectance samples and PC2 with the slope between the visible and infrared samples. The use of the Spectral Library as an indicator of possible soil classes proved to be an important tool in profile classification.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

ZARADNY, HENRYK. "Remarks upon numerical solutions of infiltration into a soil profile." Hydrological Sciences Journal 54, no. 2 (April 2009): 349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1623/hysj.54.2.349.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Hughes, Philip A., Alex B. McBratney, Budiman Minasny, and Sebastian Campbell. "End members, end points and extragrades in numerical soil classification." Geoderma 226-227 (August 2014): 365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.03.010.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Šútor, J., M. Gomboš, M. Kutílek, and M. Krejča. "Soil water regime estimated from the soil water storage monitored in time." Soil and Water Research 3, Special Issue No. 1 (June 30, 2008): S139—S146. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/13/2008-swr.

Full text

Abstract:

During the vegetation season, the water storage in the soil aeration zone is influenced by meteorological phenomena and by the vegetated cover. If the groundwater table is in contact with the soil profile, its contribution to water storage must be considered. This impact can be either monitored directly or the mathematical model of the soil moisture regime can be used to simulate it. We present the results of monitoring soil water content in the aeration zone of the East Slovakian Lowland. The main problem is the evaluation of the soil water storage in seasons and in years in the soil profile. Until now, classification systems of the soil water regime evaluation have been mainly based upon climatological factors and soil morphology where the classification has been realized on the basis of indirect indicators. Here, a new classification system based upon quantified data sets is introduced and applied for the measured data. The system considers the degree of accessibility of soil water to plants, including the excess of soil water related to the duration for those characteristic periods. The time span is hierarchically arranged to differentiate between the dominant water storage periods and short-term fluctuations. The lowest taxonomic units characterize the vertical fluxes over time periods. The system allows the comparison of soil water regime taxons over several years and under different types of vegetative cover, or due to various types of land use. We monitored soil water content on two localities, one with a deep ground water level, one with a shallow ground water level. The profile with a shallow ground water level keeps a more uniform taxons and subtaxons of soil water regime due to the crop variation than the profile with a deep ground water level.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Mulargia, F., and S. Castellaro. "Experimental Uncertainty on the Vs(z) Profile and Seismic Soil Classification." Seismological Research Letters 80, no. 6 (November 1, 2009): 985–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.80.6.985.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

LIU Pengfei, 刘鹏飞, 宋轩 SONG Xuan, 刘晓冰 LIU Xiaobing, and 陈杰 CHEN Jie. "Numerical soil classification using fuzzyK-means algorithm and predictive soil mapping at regional scale." Acta Ecologica Sinica 32, no. 6 (2012): 1846–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5846/stxb201102240213.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Kodešová, R., J. Kozák, and O. Vacek. "Field and numerical study of chlorotoluron transport in the soil profile." Plant, Soil and Environment 50, No. 8 (December 10, 2011): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4040-pse.

Full text

Abstract:

The transport of chlorotoluron in the soil profile under field conditions was studied. The herbicide Syncuran was applied on a four square meter plot using an application rate of 2.5 kg/ha active ingredient. Soil samples were taken after 119 days to study the residual chlorotoluron distribution in the soil profile. HYDRUS-1D (&Scaron;imůnek et al. 1998) was used to simulate water movement and herbicide transport in the soil profile. Soil hydraulic properties and their variability were studied previously by Kutílek et al. (1989). The solute transport parameters, like the adsorption isotherm and the degradation rate, were determined in the laboratory. The Freundlich and Langmuir equations were used to fit the experimental data points of the adsorption isotherm, and the affect of each type of adsorption isotherm equation on the solute transport was studied. The chlorotoluron concentrations in soil water tended to be higher for the simulation performed with the Freundlich isotherm then that of the model using the Langmuir isotherm. In both cases, the solution did not pass a depth of8 cm. The simulated chlorotoluron concentrations in soil samples were higher then the observed concentrations when the chlorotoluron degradation was assumed to be in soil water only. Assumption of the solute degradation in both in the solid and the liquid phase significantly improved the accuracy of the solution. The different characters of the simulated and observed chlorotoluron distributions can probably be attributed to the preferential flow of water and solute in the soil profile and by variability of the transport parameters.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Debaene, Guillaume, Piotr Bartmiński, Jacek Niedźwiecki, and Tomasz Miturski. "Visible and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy as a Tool for Soil Classification and Soil Profile Description." Polish Journal of Soil Science 50, no. 1 (August 30, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/pjss.2017.50.1.1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Ding, Xin Chao, Shu Jian Xu, Zhi Chao Ni, and Hai Yan Wang. "A Comparative Study on Magnetic Susceptibility of Cinnamon Soil and Brown Soil in Pingyi County, Shandong Province, China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 737 (March 2015): 743–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.737.743.

Full text

Abstract:

Magnetic susceptibility is the most commonly used soil magnetic parameters, reflecting the degree of magnetization substance. The investigation of two typical soil sections in Pingyi County, Shandong Province shows that there are some differences on magnetic susceptibility between the cinnamon soil profile and the brown soil profile. The results indicate that: (1) Significant difference of magnetic properties is existed among the cinnamon soil profile and the brown soil profile. The mean χlfvalue of the samples from the cinnamon soil profile is 82.80×10-8m3/kg, distinctly lower than those from the brown soil profile, which have a mean value of 616.72×10-8 m3/kg; (2) This indicates a low proportion of SP in samples from the brown soil profile and a high proportion of SP in samples from the cinnamon soil profile; (3) Magnetic susceptibility features is a new method which can be used for soil preliminary classification.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Ogunkunle, A. O., and F. O. Izuakor. "Impact of differences in profile description and laboratory data on soil classification." CATENA 15, no. 6 (December 1988): 519–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0341-8162(88)90003-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Yang, Ke, and Robert Liang. "Numerical Solution for Laterally Loaded Piles in a Two-Layer Soil Profile." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 132, no. 11 (November 2006): 1436–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(2006)132:11(1436).

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Abu-Farsakh, Murad Y., Zhongjie Zhang, Mehmet Tumay, and Mark Morvant. "Computerized Cone Penetration Test for Soil Classification." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2053, no. 1 (January 2008): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2053-07.

Full text

Abstract:

Computerized MS-Windows Visual Basic software of a cone penetration test (CPT) for soil classification was developed as part of an extensive effort to facilitate the implementation of CPT technology in many geotechnical engineering applications. Five CPT soil engineering classification systems were implemented as a handy, user-friendly, software tool for geotechnical engineers. In the probabilistic region estimation and fuzzy classification methods, a conformal transformation is first applied to determine the profile of soil classification index (U) with depth from cone tip resistance (qc) and friction ratio (Rf). A statistical correlation was established in the probabilistic region estimation method between the U index and the compositional soil type given by the Unified Soil Classification System. Conversely, the CPT fuzzy classification emphasizes the certainty of soil behavior. The Schmertmann and Douglas and Olsen methods provide soil classification charts based on cone tip resistance and friction ratio. However, Robertson et al. proposed a three-dimensional classification system that is presented in two charts: one chart uses corrected tip resistance (qt) and friction ratio (Rf); the other chart uses qt and pore pressure parameter (Bq) as input data. Five sites in Louisiana were selected for this study. For each site, CPT tests and the corresponding soil boring results were correlated. The soil classification results obtained using the five different CPT soil classification methods were compared.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Smreczak, Bożena, and Andrzej Łachacz. "Soil types specified in the bonitation classification and their analogues in the sixth edition of the Polish Soil Classification." Soil Science Annual 70, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 115–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ssa-2019-0011.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The aim of the paper was to present the correlation between soil types specified in the sixth edition of the Polish Soil Classification (SGP6 2019) and Polish bonitation classification. The comparisons included two categories of agricultural land: arable soils and soils of permanent grasslands. In Poland bonitation maps are one of the oldest documentations regarding soil cover. They were elaborated in an uniform manner and based on the field examination of soil profiles. Soil information reflected specific rules adopted in the soil quality classification, including identification of soil types based on genetic criteria and recognition of appropriate sequence of specific horizons in the soil profile. Publication of the sixth edition of the Polish Soil Classification enabled the attempt to adjust soil units (soil types) specified in both systems. Despite the distinction of new soil units in the Soil Classification of Poland (SGP6 2019), the usage of bonitation maps and classification protocols should not pose major difficulties in reinterpretation of soil types. This indicates on the possibility to introduce, similarly to year 2012, the terminology adapted to the requirements of modern soil science knowledge without causing significant changes in the soil-valuation table.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

DALE, M. B., A. B. McBRATNEY, and J. S. RUSSELL. "On the role of expert systems and numerical taxonomy in soil classification." Journal of Soil Science 40, no. 2 (June 1989): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1989.tb01268.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Courtin, P. J., K. Klinka, M. C. Feller, and J. P. Demaerschalk. "An approach to quantitative classification of nutrient regimes of forest soils." Canadian Journal of Botany 66, no. 12 (December 1, 1988): 2640–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b88-360.

Full text

Abstract:

Many workers have classified nutrient regimes of forest soils, but there have been few attempts to provide an objective means of defining soil nutrient regimes. This objective was accomplished in the present study by numerical analysis conducted on 195 soil samples of vegetation and soils from coastal British Columbia. The differentiating characteristics used in the classification were pH (H2O) and the C/N ratio of the humus forms; and total soil nitrogen (kg/ha) and sum of exchangeable calcium, magnesium, and potassium (kg/ha) within the soil rooting zone. Numerical analysis distinguished seven soil groups. These groups were related to the floristic composition of understory vegetation and to forest productivity as indicated by site index. These vegetation – soil relationships were then used to assign the soil groups into five soil nutrient regime classes: very poor, poor, medium, rich, and very rich.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Koposov, G. F., and A. A. Valeeva. "Numerical methods to recognize the soil types in the forest steppe." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 79 (July 1, 2015): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2015-79-73-90.

Full text

Abstract:

The authors generalized and summarized original and literature data with the view of studying the gray and dark-gray soils in the Volga-Kama forest steppe. The methods of multidimensional statistics permitted to determine the position of these soils in the available soil classification system. A great number of soils described by different researchers within the framework of Russian soil classification system (1977) were formalized in conformity with that published in 2004. In the latest classification system of soils in Russia the reliable differences in the humus horizon of gray and dark-gray soils are shown in the content of humus, exchangeable bases, clay fraction, acidity and thickness as well as in the thickness of the leached layer (up to the C horizon) and the humus storage within the one meter of soil (t/ha). The methods of numerical classification allowed determining discriminated functions and classify more exactly the studied soils in the Volga-Kama forest steppe. Based upon statistic processing of the obtained data the limits for properties of the humus horizon are suggested to distinguish the gray and dark-gray soils. The visual imagination widely adopted now to recognize the types of gray and dark-gray soils should be added by limits of their varying properties. The obtained results presented in this paper may be useful to improve the idea on properties of gray forest soils. The suggested criteria to recognize the studied soils may be applicable for studying and systematizing these soils as well as for purposes of land use, elaboration of regional database and in projects of ecological territory optimization.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Turvey, ND, TH Booth, and PJ Ryan. "A soil technical classification system for Pinus radiata (D. Don) plantations. II. A basis for estimation of crop yield." Soil Research 28, no. 6 (1990): 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9900813.

Full text

Abstract:

The Technical Classification is a system for encoding soil attributes according to parent rock; texture profile; depth to and type of impeding layer; texture, condition, and weathering of surface horizons; and nature and colour of the subsoil. The encoded data may then be used as a basis for soil-based silvicultural management decisions, such as prediction of wood yield, fertilizer prescription, thinning schedules, trafficking for off-road equipment, and placement of roads. The objective of this paper is to examine the suitability of the classification as a basis from which to estimate the yield of wood from Pinus radiata plantations. Data were collected from trees and soil profiles on 181 sites in New South Wales, South Australia, Victoria and Tasmania. All but one of the attributes (texture profile) of the Technical Classification were significantly related to wood volume as single factors at the 5% level of significance. The combined effect of soil attributes in explaining the variation in wood volume across the sites was analysed by backward stepwise elimination of variables from a multiple analysis of variance model. When summed, the parameter estimates for each soil attribute gave an estimate of wood volume produced at age 11 years. The model included the attributes: parent rock, soil depth, impeding layer, texture of surface soil, surface condition, and an interaction between texture profile and weathering of surface soil horizons. The attributes subsoil texture and subsoil colour were not significant in explaining the variation in wood volume in the data set under test. The model accounted for 75% of the variation in wood volume. The addition of rainfall did not improve the variation accounted for by the model. By comparison, the Great Soil Group classification accounted for 32% of variation in wood volume. The Factual Key classification at the level of principal profile form accounted for 53% of the variation in wood volume. We conclude that the Technical Classification is suitable as a basis from which to estimate the yield of wood from Pinus radiata plantations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Radmanovic, Svjetlana, Maja Gajic-Kvascev, Vesna Mrvic, and Aleksandar Djordjevic. "Characteristics of Rendzina soils in Serbia and their WRB classification." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 65, no. 3 (2020): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas2003251r.

Full text

Abstract:

According to the Serbian official soil classification system, Rendzina is a soil type with an A-AC-C-R profile, developed on parent rock containing more than 20% of calcareous material (except soils with an A-R profile on hard pure limestone or dolomite). Previous investigations have shown that 29 Rendzina soil profiles from Serbia belong to the reference soil groups (RSGs) of Leptosols, Regosols and Phaeozems according to the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB 2015). The present study addresses the correlations among three WRB RSGs in terms of soil texture, mean weight diameter (MWD), total N content, and humus fractional composition using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The objective is to better understand the mutual relationship between the classification soil units used in Serbia and the international WRB system. The results show that PCA cannot unequivocally distinguish between these three RSGs. Leptosols and Regosols are highly incoherent groups while the group of Phaeozems is highly coherent, leading to the conclusion that the physical and chemical properties of the soil profiles of Phaoeozems are specific. It is obvious that soil depth and color, which are the overriding factors in the differentiation of Rendzina soils into three WRB RSGs, had no significant effect on these properties. The results further show that soil properties such as texture, MWD, humus fractional composition, etc. cannot be used to correlate Rendzina soils from Serbia with WRB. Instead, careful correlation of individual soil profiles is needed based on quantitative soil data analysis as required by WRB.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Nelson, M. A., and I. O. A. Odeh. "Digital soil class mapping using legacy soil profile data: a comparison of a genetic algorithm and classification tree approach." Soil Research 47, no. 6 (2009): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr08224.

Full text

Abstract:

Digital soil class mapping (DSCM) provides a means of meeting the growing global demand for soil information. The search for optimal models for digital soil class mapping to take advantage of increasing availability of ancillary information, such as gamma radiometric data, is ongoing. One of the novel approaches to DSCM is based on genetic algorithms, which provide predictive function for DSCM. This paper aims: to develop a scheme for implementing genetic algorithms for rule-set production (GARP) in digital soil class mapping; to compare the performance of GARP and classification tree model (CT); and to evaluate the usefulness of gamma radiometrics as a predictor for DSCM of legacy soil data. We first collated the legacy soil class data from databases of soil profiles and the associated ancillary data from disparate sources. We then created a 200-m resolution DSCM based on the Australian Soil Classification, for the Namoi catchment in north-western New South Wales, using GARP based on the general scorpan-sspfe model and compared the GARP performance with the widely used CT model. Elevation, terrain attributes, magnetic survey, land use, NDVI, and, where available, radiometric data were used as the ancillary variables. In this implementation, inclusion of radiometric data in either of the prediction models significantly improved the classification accuracy and the resulting DSCM. Based on various classification and prediction performance measures, GARP was shown to be outperformed by the CT. We conclude that GARP needs further improvement for its full potential to be realised for digitally mapping soil classes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Fernandes, Kathleen Lourenço, Adriana Aparecida Ribon, José Marques Junior, Angélica Santos Rabelo de Souza Bahia, and João Tavares Filho. "Characterization, classification and analysis of the main properties of the Southwestern Goias soil." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 37, no. 3 (June 22, 2016): 1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n3p1135.

Full text

Abstract:

Characterization of the soil and the grouping of its properties through main component analysis can assist in the classification and observation of the consequences of the conversion of native forest areas in pastures. Such data can aid in management practices. Considering the lack of studies in Cerrado soils of south-western Goias, developed metagranites of Jurubatuba suite, the objective was to classify and study the physical, chemical and mineralogical soil (under native forest and pasture) Southwest of Goias. Soil sampling and classification followed the Field Methods Manual and the Brazilian System of Soil Classification, respectively. The physical, chemical and mineralogical soil were studied, as well as main component analysis made for these attributes. The profile 1 under native forest was classified as “Cambissolo Háplico Tb eutrófico latossólico”. The profile 2 under degraded pasture was rated “Latossolo Amarelo eutrófico típico”. In addition, the profile 3 under rotated pasture was rated as “Latossolo Vermelho eutrófico chernossólico”. It was observed that the “Latossolos” have higher bulk density and soil penetration resistance, indicating greater soil compaction. They showed high amounts of iron oxides and minor amount of nutrients such as calcium and magnesium. The principal component analysis allowed the grouping of profiles into two groups. Group 1 brought together the properties related to “Latossolos”, and the second was related to “Cambissolo” properties. Thus, the principal components analysis aids the understanding of soil properties and the grouping of soils with similar characteristics, the level of order and management.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

BURROUGH, P. A., R. A. MACMILLAN, and W. DEURSEN. "Fuzzy classification methods for determining land suitability from soil profile observations and topography." Journal of Soil Science 43, no. 2 (June 1992): 193–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1992.tb00129.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

DUNING, X., R. H. RUST, and J. R. CRUM. "NUMERICAL CLASSIFICATION OF FORESTED SOILS IN THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN REGION OF SOUTHWESTERN CHINA1." Soil Science 141, no. 2 (February 1986): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-198602000-00005.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Daniel, Komadel, Pinda Ludovit, and Sakalova Katarina. "Securitization in crop insurance with soil classification." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 64, No. 3 (March 16, 2018): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/156/2016-agricecon.

Full text

Abstract:

Securitization is an emerging alternative to transfer of insurance risk, especially in cases exceeding the capacity of reinsurance, thus extending the insurability of risks. The original subjects of securitization are the risks emerging from the aftermaths of natural disasters. The range of securitized risks has broaden rapidly over the past decade. The reason of securitization’s feasibility in transfer of agricultural risks is the spatial correlation of harvests among the producers that can result in fatal loss suffered simultaneously by many producers and subsequent producer’s insolvency to settle the insurance claims. The paper proposes the reduction of the insurer’s risk exposure by its transfer to capital markets via catastrophe bonds. A catastrophic event is defined through the relative loss of the current national per hectare yield of the particular crop to the average yield from previous years. The number of years included in the average is subject to the minimization of the relative loss’ fluctuation over the given period. The triggering probability of the catastrophe bond is calculated from the kernel estimation of the loss distribution, with the relative loss being the loss index. The general case is upgraded by the factor of soil quality. The insurer is proposed to offer the coverage according to the producers’ soil. The soil classes are securitized separately, with the set of catastrophe bonds. Both cases are illustrated by the numerical example on the data set of wheat produced in the Slovak Republic over last 45 years. The outcome of the examples are the graphs of expected payoffs depending on various parameters.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Wotherspoon, Liam M., Rolando P. Orense, Brendon A. Bradley, Brady R. Cox, Clinton M. Wood, and Russell A. Green. "Soil profile characterisation of Christchurch Central Business District strong motion stations." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 48, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.48.3.146-156.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents an overview of the soil profile characteristics at strong motion station (SMS) locations in the Christchurch Central Business District (CBD) based on recently completed geotechnical site investigations. Given the variability of Christchurch soils, detailed investigations were needed in close vicinity to each SMS. In this regard, CPT, SPT and borehole data, and shear wave velocity (Vs) profiles from surface wave dispersion data in close vicinity to the SMSs have been used to develop detailed representative soil profiles at each site and to determine site classes according to the New Zealand standard NZS1170.5. A disparity between the NZS1170.5 site classes based on Vs and SPT N60 investigation techniques is highlighted, and additional studies are needed to harmonize site classification based on these techniques. The short period mode of vibration of soft deposits above gravels, which are found throughout Christchurch, are compared to the long period mode of vibration of the entire soil profile to bedrock. These two distinct modes of vibration require further investigation to determine their impact on the site response. According to current American and European approaches to seismic site classification, all SMSs were classified as problematic soil sites due to the presence of liquefiable strata, soils which are not directly accounted for by the NZS1170.5 approach.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Dalsgaard, Lise, Holger Lange, Line Tau Strand, Ingeborg Callesen, Signe Kynding Borgen, Jari Liski, and Rasmus Astrup. "Underestimation of boreal forest soil carbon stocks related to soil classification and drainage." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 46, no. 12 (December 2016): 1413–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2015-0466.

Full text

Abstract:

Soil organic carbon (C), accumulated over millennia, comprise more than half of the C stored in boreal and temperate forest landscapes. We used the Norwegian national forest inventory and soil survey network (n = 719, no deep organic soils) to explore the validity of a deterministic model representation of this pool (Yasso07). We statistically compared simulated and measured soil C stocks and related differences (measured – simulated) to site factors (drainage, topography, climate, vegetation, C-to-N ratio, and soil classification). Median C stocks were 5.0 kg C·m−2 (model) and 14.5 kg C·m−2 (measurements). Soil C differences related to site factors (r2 of 0.16 to 0.37). For Brunisols, Gleysols, and wet Organic soils, differences related primarily to topographic wetness. For Regosols, Podzols, and Dystric Eluviated Brunisols, they related to climate, profile depth, and, in some cases, drainage class and site index. We argue that soil moisture regimes in our study area overrule tree productivity effects in the determination of soil C stocks and present conditions for soil formation that the model cannot (and does not explicitly) account for. These are processes such as humification and podsolization that involve eluviation and illuviation of dissolved organic C (DOC) with sesquioxides to form spodic B horizons and carbon enrichment due to hampered decomposition in frequently anoxic conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Holmes, K. W., E. A. Griffin, and N. P. Odgers. "Large-area spatial disaggregation of a mosaic of conventional soil maps: evaluation over Western Australia." Soil Research 53, no. 8 (2015): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr14270.

Full text

Abstract:

Conventional soil maps may be the best available source for spatial soil information in data-limited areas, including individual soil properties. Spatial disaggregation of these maps, or mapping the unmapped soil components, offers potential for transforming them into spatially referenced soil class distributions. We used an automated, iterative classification tree approach to spatially disaggregate a patchwork of soil surveys covering Western Australia (2.5 × 106 km2) to produce raster surfaces of soil class occurrence. The resulting rasters capture the broad spatial patterns of dominant soils and harmonise soil class designations across most survey boundaries. More than 43 000 archived profiles were used to evaluate the accuracy of the rasters. In 20% of cases, the predicted soil class with the highest probability matched that recorded for the profile; when any of the three highest probability soil classes predicted were considered correct, the global accuracy was 40%. The accuracy increased to 71% when the rasters were reassembled to represent a higher level in the soil classification system. The predicted surfaces retained features related to the mapping intensity of the original surveys and generally had higher prediction accuracy of profile soil class where the surface geochemistry was more homogeneous. The best indicator of prediction accuracy was how common the profile soil class was in the original mapping (94% variance explained); profile observations collected during soil survey may be biased towards rare soils, making them less suitable for validation or modelling directly from point data.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Bilanchyn, Yaroslav M., Irуna V. Leonidova, and Darya V. Bulysheva. "Specificity of genetic nature and classification characteristics of Zmiiny Island chernozem soils." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 29, no. 1 (April 8, 2020): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112003.

Full text

Abstract:

Even the first researchers of the nature of the small (20.5 hectares) rocky Zmiiny Island in the northwestern Black Sea region visually diagnosed the soil there with black earth. Since 2003, the staff of the Department of Soil Science and Soil Geography of the Odessa National University named by I.U.Mechnikov ONU began the study of factors and processes of soil formation, soils and soil cover of Zmiiny Island territory. It was found out that on the inter-rocky areas of the island un- der the steppe grassy vegetation on the gravelly-stony eluvium or eluvium-deluvium of dense rocks formed unusually high humus (up to 14-18%) undeveloped and short-profile chernozem soils. However, the diagnostic and classification of these soils remains unclear. The purpose is to characterize the specificity of the genetic nature of the island soils and to determine their diagnostic and classification affiliation, including the World Reference Base for Soil Resources WRB.The materials presented in this article are obtained as a result of our extensive fieldwork and laboratory analysis, research and mapping of soils and soil cover of Zmiiny Island with the application of methodological principles of the process-genetic paradigm.Chernozem soils on the island are formed on a low-strength (25-40, up to 50 cm) rocky-gravelly crust of weathering of dense acidic rocks under the cover of almost virgin steppe herbaceous vegetation and year-round salting from the sea, mainly chlorides and Na sulfates. The soils are short-profile, typical chernozem humus-accumulative type with typical for the chernozem profile genetic horizons, gravel-stony, non-carbonate, almost non-structural, acidic, varyingly saline and solonetinous, but without solonets-ileuvial profile differentiation. The humus content in the upper horizons is very high (10-12, up to 15-18%), it is typical of the chernozem composition of the Chumic acid : Сfulvic acid (2,5-3,3), but with a sharp dominance of the HA-1 fraction (70% and more) and very low content (1-2, up to 3-4%) or lack of typical chernozem HA-2fraction. It is established that there is a tendency to an irreversible constant increase of the chernozem properties and characteristics in soils as the bioproductivity of herbal vegetation increases.For the first time their diagnostic and classification dependence on the system of both domestic and World WRB soil classifications has been determined. The WRB system proposes to refer these soils to the Phaeozem abstract group, with clarification of the classifiers Leptic and Skeletic. The work is practically significant in terms of the integration the Ukrainian soil science in the system of the current international standard of soil classification WRB.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Zhiqiang, Zhou. "The numerical classification of desert vegetation and soil interpretation in Qitai County, Xinjiang." Biodiversity Science 15, no. 3 (2007): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/biodiv.060248.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Han, Jiangbo, and Zhifang Zhou. "Dynamics of Soil Water Evaporation during Soil Drying: Laboratory Experiment and Numerical Analysis." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/240280.

Full text

Abstract:

Laboratory and numerical experiments were conducted to investigate the evolution of soil water evaporation during a continuous drying event. Simulated soil water contents and temperatures by the calibrated model well reproduced measured values at different depths. Results show that the evaporative drying process could be divided into three stages, beginning with a relatively high evaporation rate during stage 1, followed by a lower rate during transient stage and stage 2, and finally maintaining a very low and constant rate during stage 3. The condensation zone was located immediately below the evaporation zone in the profile. Both peaks of evaporation and condensation rate increased rapidly during stage 1 and transition stage, decreased during stage 2, and maintained constant during stage 3. The width of evaporation zone kept a continuous increase during stages 1 and 2 and maintained a nearly constant value of 0.68 cm during stage 3. When the evaporation zone totally moved into the subsurface, a dry surface layer (DSL) formed above the evaporation zone at the end of stage 2. The width of DSL also presented a continuous increase during stage 2 and kept a constant value of 0.71 cm during stage 3.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Khokhryakova, Anastasiya. "CLASSIFICATION AND CHARACTERISTIC OF SOILS IN URBAN AREAS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF ODESSA CITY)." EUREKA: Life Sciences, no. 5 (September 23, 2020): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2020.001404.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of the research – 1) establishment of classification and diagnostic characteristics of soils under different functional using of the city territory; 2) parameterization of the structure, composition and properties of anthropogenically transformed and anthropogenically created soils; 3) development of a classification scheme, taking into account its use in cadastral and economic grouping. General scientific (systematic, analysis, synthesis, generalization, statistics) and traditional (soil-genetic, profile-morphological, laboratory-analytical and cartographic) research methods were used to study the genetic characteristics of soils of Odessa and their classification. The ecological-profile-genetic classification of soils of urban areas, which combines profile-genetic and factor-ecological approaches, is proposed. Within the city there are natural, anthropogenically transformed and anthropogenically created soils. Soils during cadastral and economic grouping are united into two groups of transformed and technological soils of human settlements and other territories with anthropogenically transformed soil cover, are distinguished. According to cadastral and economic grouping, within Odessa the area of transformed soils is 11,915.6 ha, technological soils is 1922.5 ha. The proposed scheme of soil classification of urban areas includes 2 supertype levels, 3 types and 13 subtypes of soils, which are divided according to their genetic profile and combined according to the characteristics of natural and anthropogenic factors of soil formation. For urban cadastre, organization, planning and implementation of land management, economic activity, a scheme of supplementing the list of agricultural soils of Ukraine with cadastral and economic grouping of soils of urban areas was proposed. The grouping of soils includes two associations: 1) transformed and 2) technological (artificially created) soils - a total of 14 cadastral and economic groups

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Bilski, Piotr, and Simon Rabarijoely. "Automated soil profile generation system for the dilatometer test (DMT)." Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation 41, no. 2 (January 1, 2009): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10060-008-0055-9.

Full text

Abstract:

Automated soil profile generation system for the dilatometer test (DMT) The paper presents an automated method of the soil profile generation using the soft computing method. This method can be used as the main source of knowledge for the future soil classification module, which will be able to identify geotechnical layers without the interaction with the user. The method uses a graph clustering algorithm, which groups together measurements from the Dilatometer Test. The histogram-based similarity measure is used to automatically adjust number of generated categories (soil geotechnical layers). Test site, algorithm and its application to the generation of soil profiles in the Warsaw University of Life Sciences campus are described. Results are discussed to provide a more general insight into application of intelligent algorithms into the geotechnical data analysis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

MARTIN, DALE E., and L. E. LOWE. "CHARACTERIZATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF ROOT MAT HORIZONS IN SOME COASTAL BRITISH COLUMBIA PODZOLS." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 69, no. 1 (February 1, 1989): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss89-002.

Full text

Abstract:

Podzols formed in high-rainfall areas of south coastal B.C. often have layers of highly organic material at depth in the profile, and in many cases, “pipes” of similar material angling down through the profile. These materials have a greasy feel, few discernible mineral grains, occasional remnants of wood structure and a cellular nature. The horizontal layers, termed "root mats", range in thickness from 1 cm to > 30 cm, and are overlain by coarse-textured material of low organic matter content. Chemically this material is similar to surficial H horizons with respect to C:N and N:S ratios, but closely resembles Podzolic B horizons with respect to Fe content and humus fraction ratios. In contrast oxalate-extractable Al values are remarkably high, sometimes exceeding 10%. The majority of the root mats can be classified as organic (> 17% organic C), either as H or O horizons. Those containing < 17% C meet the criteria for Bhf horizons. Key words: Root mat, root channel, oxalate-extractable Al, organic horizons

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Numerical classification of soil profile'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles