Academic literature on the topic 'Numero chiuso'
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Journal articles on the topic "Numero chiuso"
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Mariotti, Ilaria, and Mina Akhavan. "Gli spazi di coworking prima e durante la pandemia covid-19: tipologie, geografia ed effetti." ECONOMIA E SOCIETÀ REGIONALE, no. 1 (June 2021): 66–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/es2021-001006.
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L'avvento del digitale ha contribuito all'aumento di alternative ai luoghi di lavoro tradizionali, quali ad esempio gli spazi di coworking, dove lavoratori autonomi e dipendenti, e piccole im-prese possono avvantaggiarsi di interazione sociale e professionale al fine di ridurre i rischi di isolamento (in particolare nel caso di lavoro a domicilio) e aumentare le occasioni di incontro. La pandemia Covid-19 ha avuto un impatto negativo sugli spazi di coworking: il 21,76% de-gli spazi nel mondo ha chiuso e il 71,67% ha registrato una significativa riduzione del numero di coworker che frequentano lo spazio, i quali hanno iniziato a lavorare a domicilio. In Italia il numero di coworking chiusi nei mesi di marzo e aprile ammonta al 59,15%, mentre il 36,62% è aperto ad attività essenziali. Durante la pandemia, il numero dei lavoratori a distanza e a do-micilio è significativamente aumentato e il coworking di prossimità può rappresentare un vali-do luogo di lavoro. Il presente contributo si inserisce in questo contesto e si propone di de-scrivere le tipologie, la geografia e i principali effetti dei nuovi luoghi del lavoro prima e du-rante la pandemia Covid-19, con attenzione al caso italiano.
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Baiardo, Giacomo, Gaia Savioli, Massimo Conti, Luca Corsiglia, and Massimo Miglioretti. "Gruppo chiuso strutturato o gruppo aperto semistrutturato? Confronto tra due modalitŕ di gestione del gruppo educativo in cardiologia riabilitativa." PSICOLOGIA DELLA SALUTE, no. 2 (July 2011): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pds2011-002002.
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Obiettivi di questa ricerca sono presentare due diverse modalitŕ di intervento educativo in cardiologia riabilitativa (CR) e valutarne l'efficacia in termini di miglioramento dello stato psicologico dei pazienti. Presso l'Istituto Cardiovascolare di Camogli sono stati reclutati 153 pazienti: 113 hanno partecipato ad un intervento di gruppo chiuso strutturato (gruppo di controllo) costituito da tre incontri con numero fisso di pazienti in cui si trattavano tematiche fondamentali in CR; gli altri 40 pazienti hanno partecipato al gruppo aperto semistrutturato (gruppo sperimentale) nato per meglio venire incontro alle esigenze dei pazienti ricoverati, che ha previsto almeno tre incontri per ciascun paziente. Tutti i pazienti sono stati valutati, all'ingresso e alle dimissioni, con una batteria di questionari indaganti diverse caratteristiche psicologiche. I risultati mostrano come le due modalitŕ portino a esiti positivi sostanzialmente sovrapponibili nel breve termine. Se tali riscontri fossero confermati su gruppi piů ampi, si potrebbero configurare per l'operatore importanti alternative organizzative, senza che l'intervento ne risenta in efficacia.
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Borin, D., C. Piovan, T. Bovolon, N. Olivieri, M. Barbiero, and C. Loschiavo. "Esperienza nell'utilizzo di un nuovo presidio per il Priming dei CVC nel trattamento di Emodialisi." Giornale di Clinica Nefrologica e Dialisi 22, no. 1 (January 24, 2018): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33393/gcnd.2010.1192.
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Il catetere venoso centrale rappresenta uno dei possibili accessi vascolari per il paziente in emodialisi. I protocolli attualmente in uso per la procedura di attacco prevedono una serie di manovre di movimentazione del sangue seguite da ripetute connessioni-sconnessioni di alcune siringhe, con possibili rischi infettivi sia per il paziente sia per l'ambiente e con una valutazione soggettiva della portata dell'accesso. In questa breve esperienza abbiamo utilizzato un nuovo presidio, denominato “Haemocatch”, che permette di aspirare il sangue da entrambi i lumi del catetere venoso centrale mediante una sola siringa, di restituire il sangue filtrato e privo di eventuali coaguli e di quantificare la portata dell'accesso prima dell'inizio della seduta dialitica in un sistema chiuso. I vantaggi di questo device innovativo sono la standardizzazione del metodo di priming, la riduzione del numero delle connessioni con conseguente minor esposizione al rischio di infezioni, la maggiore sicurezza sia per il paziente sia per l'operatore e la preliminare valutazione della portata dell'accesso, che fornisce un'importante informazione all'operatore e riduce l'evenienza di interruzione del trattamento per portata insufficiente.
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Sordyl, Krzysztof. "Powstanie i rozwój Kościoła nowacjańskiego." Vox Patrum 55 (July 15, 2010): 553–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.4356.
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Nel periodo iniziale dello sviluppo dello scisma romano di Novaziano niente lasciava prevedere che potesse minacciare l’intera Chiesa. In quel periodo Novaziano aveva mandato in Africa, Alessandria e Antiochia i suoi emissari. Grazie alla loro attività la comunità dei novaziani cresceva in potenza, e sviluppando in modo progressivo la propria dottrina è diventato un rivale significativo della Chiesa cattolica. La Chiesa di Novaziano si è diffusa in Gallia, nei terreni dell’Italia settentrionale (Milano), a Roma, in Africa, Egitto e Siria. In Oriente si è lottato a lungo contro le sue regole e abitudini. Anche nell’Asia minore i novaziani erano numerosi. Socrate fornisce molte informazioni su di loro. Racconta dettagliatamente la storia della comunità novaziana a Costantinopoli: descrive la disposizione delle loro chiese nella città e presenta la successione dei vescovi novaziani fino alla sua epoca. Eppure non vi è modo di stabilire, anche approssimativamente, il numero di singole comunità. L’ottavo canone del concilio di Nicea presumeva che in alcuni posti la chiesa di Novaziano avesse attratto la totalità della popolazione cristiana. Le informazioni sul presbitero romano e la sua chiesa non sono precise. I trattati, che si sono conservati, mostrano piuttosto la polemica teologica che la dimensione storica. La legge civile del 326 ha creato una situazione favorevole per gli appartenenti alla chiesa di Novaziano, riconoscendogli il diritto di possedere i luoghi di culto e i cimiteri. Le comunità novaziane in Oriente si sono trovate al centro della reazione antiniceana, le cui conseguenze avevano il carattere non solo teologico, ma anche esistenziale. Socrate riporta i momenti drammatici vissuti a Costantinopoli dai cattolici e dai novaziani che non volevano accettare il credo dei seguaci degli homoios. Nella prima metà del V secolo a Roma, il papa Innocente I, Bonifacio I e Celestino I chiudono le chiese dei novaziani. Cirillo invece combatteva i novaziani ad Alessandria. Socrate ricorda che a Costantinopoli, dove sicuramente era più difficile scordarsi delle sofferenze comuni, la situazione della comunità novaziana è rimasta buona fino all’ascesa al trono di Nestorio (428). La collaborazione della Chiesa e dello stato porta gradualmente alla sparizione, prima nelle grandi città, a poi addirittura in campagna, delle comunità organizzate, e finalmente degli ultimi rappresentanti della setta. Probabilmente gli ultimi novaziani asiatici collaboravano con i pauliciani. In Oriente dalla metà dell’VIII secolo sparisce la questione dei novaziani come eretici viventi. Gli ultimi cenni risalgono ai tempi di Giovanni di Damasco e Eulogio di Alessandria. In Occidente erano spariti già da molto prima: non se ne trova quasi nessuna informazione già dalla metà del V secolo. Secondo alcuni ricercatori le idee propagate dalla chiesa di Novaziano hanno influito sui bogomilisti, e anche sui catari dell’Occidente.
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Coates-Stephens, Robert. "Dark age architecture in Rome." Papers of the British School at Rome 65 (November 1997): 177–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068246200010631.
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ARCHITETTURA DELLA DARK AGE A ROMANonostante un notevole numero di recenti scavi e ricerche, la visione generalmente accettata dell'architettura della Roma alto medievale resta quella di Richard Krautheimer. Il suo quadro ciclico consiste di una serie di fasi distinte che vanno dalla ‘basilica costantiniana a forma di T’, attraverso il ‘rinascimento sistino’ della metà del quinto secolo, al periodo bizantino del sesto e dell'inizio del settimo secolo, seguito dalla ‘Dark Age’ della durata di un secolo, ed infine, dal tardo ottavo secolo, il ‘rinascimento carolingio’. L'architettura del decimo secolo resta sconosciuta. Un chiaro contrasto viene delineato tra le tendenze occidentali e classicizzanti e quelle bizantine, tipicamente orientali, ed anche tra la minima attività dei periodi 640-772 e 860-1000 — le due dark ages — e la prolifica attività costruttiva del periodo carolingio. Quest'articolo fornisce dati sulle costruzioni del periodo, finora trascurato, delle due dark ages. Un corpus di chiese è presentato; questo si basa in parte su una nuova lettura delle notizie costruttive del Liber Pontificalis (640–772), ed anche sulle variegate ma scarse informazioni storiche sulle chiese del decimo secolo, così come sulle descrizioni degli oramai scomparsi palazzi del sedicesimo secolo e dei periodi successivi. Molte nuove informazioni derivanti da rilevamenti e recenti ricerche archeologiche viene presentata per specifici monumenti quali San Giorgio in Velabro, San Gregorio Nazianzeno, San Tommaso in Formis e San Cosimato. I risultati mostrano una sostanziale continuità di attività architettoniche in entrambi i periodi. L'accelerato programma costruttivo del cosiddetto ‘rinascimento carolingio’ sembra esser cominciato durante il pontificato di Gregorio III (731–41), e molte delle distinzioni, finora considerate chiare, tra l'architettura ‘carolingia’ e quella ‘orientale’ vengono messe in dubbio. Il decimo secolo si rivela essere un periodo di notevole attività, per lo più derivante da finanziamento privato.
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Valentan, Sebastijan. "I tre Papi e la necessità degli strumenti di comunicazione sociale nella Chiesa." Bogoslovni vestnik 79, no. 4 (2019): 1075–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.34291/bv2019/04/valentan.
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Con l’uso dei mezzi moderni di comunicazione sociale la presenza del- la Chiesa cattolica nel mondo è ancora più grande e la Chiesa stessa non ha paura di usarli. I mass media devono essere al servizio delle persone e delle culture, del dialogo con il mondo attuale, della comunità umana e del progres- so sociale, della comunione ecclesiale e al servizio di una nuova evangelizzazi- one. Nell’account ufficiale Twitter di papa Francesco (oggi tradotto in nove lingue) il numero di followers aumenta persistentemente. Sono già più di qua- ranta milioni. Il profilo del pontefice venne aperto da Benedetto XVI alla fine del 2012. I social media sono una grande opportunità per la Chiesa attraverso i quali può divulgare la parola di Cristo e la dottrina.
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Marcus, R. C., L. C. Wang, and C. A. Mason. "Retinal axon divergence in the optic chiasm: midline cells are unaffected by the albino mutation." Development 122, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): 859–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.122.3.859.
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The visual pathway in albino animals is abnormal in that there is a smaller number of ipsilaterally projecting retinal ganglion cells. There are two possible sites of gene action that could result in such a defect. The first site is the retina where the amount of pigmentation in the retinal pigment epithelium is correlated with the degree of ipsilateral innervation (La Vail et al. (1978) J. Comp. Neurol. 182, 399–422). The second site is the optic chiasm, the site of retinal axon divergence. We investigated these two possibilities through a combination of in vivo and in vitro techniques. Our results demonstrate that the growth patterns of retinal axons and the cellular composition of the optic chiasm in albino mice are similar to those of normally pigmented mice, consistent with the albino mutation exerting its effects in the retina, and not on the cells from the chiasmatic midline. We directly tested whether the albino mutation affects the chiasm by studying ‘chimeric’ cultures of retinal explants and chiasm cells isolated from pigmented and albino mice. Crossed and uncrossed axons from pigmented or albino retinal explants display the same amount of differential growth when grown on either pigmented or albino chiasm cells, demonstrating that the albino mutation does not disrupt the signals for retinal axon divergence associated with the albino optic chiasm. Furthermore, in vitro, a greater proportion of albino retinal ganglion cells from ventrotemporal retina, origin of uncrossed axons, behave like crossed cells, suggesting that the albino mutation acts by respecifying the numbers of retinal ganglion cells that cross the chiasmatic midline.
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Di Carlo, Miriam. "Report di un anglismo." XII, 2020/1 (gennaio-marzo) 12, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35948/2532-9006/2020.3239.
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Un numero considerevole di lettori ci chiede informazioni sull’anglismo report: dalla pronuncia al genere grammaticale fino alla sinonimia con altre parole italiane tra cui rapporto. Altri lettori ci domandano inoltre se siano in uso i derivati reportare e reportistica. Infine ci viene chiesto quale sia la differenza tra bollettazione e report di magazzino.
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Grkovic, Desanka, Tatjana Bedov, Vladimir Canadanovic, Nikola Babic, and Sava Barisic. "Postoperative visual recovery following surgical treatment of suprasellar meningiomas." Medical review 65, no. 7-8 (2012): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1208309g.
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Introduction. The purpose of this study was to investigate pre- and postoperative visual acuity in patients with meningioma in the area of optic chiasm. Material and Methods. This retrospective study included 43 patients with meningioma in the area of optic chiasm, who had been found to have impaired visual function according to anamnestic data and neuro-ophthalmologic examination which excluded the presence of any other eye diseases. The visual status was analyzed both preoperatively and postoperatively, i.e. 10 days, one month and six months after surgery. Results. An improvement in visual acuity was recorded in 50% of the examined eyes (68.42% of patients), the most expressed changes being in terms of higher number of the eyes with normalized visual acuity and lower number of the eyes with severely reduced visual acuity after surgery. These changes were particularly prominent immediately after surgery, during the first ten days. Conclusion. The recovery of visual acuity after decompression in the area of optic chiasm is possible in cases where mechanical pressure on the nerve fibres and resulting fibre ischemia have not lasted long enough to lead to their irreversible damage.
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Кривоногов, Сергей Сергеевич. "St. Philaret of Moscow in the writings of MDA students of the late 19th and early 20th centuries." Церковный историк, no. 1(1) (June 15, 2019): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/chist.2019.1.1.008.
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В статье представлен материал по студенческим сочинениям МДА конца XIX - начала XX века, посвящённым святителю Филарету Московскому. До сих пор эта тема остаётся малоизученной; в то же время к ней наблюдается повышенный интерес. Кратко рассмотрена статистика по студенческим работам: их количество, объём и качество работ, успешность их защиты, а также биографии и научные интересы научных руководителей и рецензентов. Отмечаются особо значимые факты защит работ, которые, по отзывам, имели большое количество недостатков, но были успешно защищены на хорошие оценки. Также иногда научными руководителями были не специалисты в данной области, научная деятельность которых была связана с другой специализацией. Все работы, конечно, представляют определённый научный интерес. This article presents material on MDA students' essays on St. Philaret of Moscow in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. To date, this topic has been little studied; at the same time, there has been increased interest in it. A brief review of statistics on students' submissions is given, including their number, volume and quality, and the success of their defence, as well as the biographies and research interests of the authors and reviewers. Particularly noteworthy are the facts of the defence of works, which, according to reviews, had a large number of deficiencies, but were successfully defended with good marks. Also, sometimes the supervisors were not specialists in the field, and their scientific activity was related to another specialisation. All the papers are, of course, of a certain scientific interest.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Numero chiuso"
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Vecchi, Lorenzo. "Ideali nell'anello degli interi algebrici." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16192/.
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L'obiettivo principale della Teoria dei Numeri è quello di studiare l'anello degli interi in relazione al campo dei razionali, una struttura ricca di proprietà e di risultati ben noti. Il nostro scopo è quello di definire un anello più generale da sostituire agli interi quando al posto dei razionali viene considerata una loro generica estensione algebrica K: tale anello, denotato con OK,
prende il nome di anello degli interi algebrici.
Gli strumenti che utilizzeremo sono quelli propri dell'Algebra Commutativa [1] e della Teoria dei Numeri Algebrica [2]. Fondamentale sarà, ad esempio, la descrizione della struttura dei domini di Dedekind (di cui Z e OK sono appunto esempi prìncipi): essi hanno la proprietà di essere noetheriani, integralmente chiusi e tali che ogni ideale primo non nullo sia anche massimale.
Uno dei principali risultati sarà poi la generalizzazione del teorema fondamentale dell'aritmetica; poiché vedremo che in generale OK non è a fattorizzazione unica, introdurremo un sistema di operazioni sugli ideali di un anello e otterremo un teorema di fattorizzazione unica in ideali primi. Infine, lo studio della famiglia degli ideali di OK porterà all'introduzione della nozione di gruppo delle classi di ideali, la cui struttura ci consentirà di descrivere proprietà fondamentali di tale anello, tra cui l'essere o meno un dominio a ideali principali.
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Lapomarda, Michele. "Valutazione delle dinamiche di piena dell'asta medio-inferiore del fiume Po alla luce delle recenti indagini topografiche." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
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L’argomento sviluppato nella tesi di laurea riguarda la valutazione delle dinamiche di piena del tratto medio inferiore del fiume Po alla luce delle recenti indagini topografiche, ottenuta attraverso l’aggiornamento del modello idraulico numerico quasi - bidimensionale denominato “Q2005D”. I dati impiegati per aggiornare tale modello sono costituiti dai rilievi plano – altimetrici degli argini golenali e maestri lungo il tratto di fiume Po oggetto di analisi, effettuati dall’Agenzia Interregionale per il fiume Po (AIPO) nell’aprile 2015, nonché da un modello digitale del terreno (DTM) realizzato con risoluzione di 1 metro.
La parte iniziale del lavoro è stata dedicata al confronto, effettuato sia a livello plano – altimetrico, sia a livello volumetrico, tra le geometrie degli argini golenali ricavate dal DTM del 2005 con risoluzione a 2 metri, con quelle risalenti al 2015 costruite a seguito di rilievi topografici eseguiti con strumentazione GPS.
Implementando, in ambiente Hec-Ras, il modello “Q2005D” con le informazioni geometriche più aggiornate, è stato ottenuto il modello denominato “Q2015D”. In quest’ultimo modello sono state aggiunte le nuove delimitazioni delle aree golenali, sono stati aggiornate le quote degli argini golenali e sono stati calcolati i volumi immagazzinabili per ciascuna golena sulla scorta del DTM aggiornato al 2015.
Variando i coefficienti di scabrezza assunti nel modello precedente, si è provveduto a calibrare il modello Q2015D sulla base della piena del novembre 2014 - al fine di poter calcolare i nuovi profili di piena; il modello Q2015D è stato validato tramite l’utilizzo di indici quantitativi.
Nell’ultima parte di lavoro, sono stati confrontati i risultati derivanti dalla simulazione, con i medesimi input idraulici, dei modelli “Q2005D” e “Q2015D” al fine di evidenziare le principali differenze in termini di scabrezze inserite, livelli massimi raggiunti e portate.
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Šulák, Petr. "Vysokovýklopná lopata dřevní štěpky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442820.
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Chou, Wen-tzu, and 周彣嬨. "Análisis contrastivo del numeral uno en modismos españoles y chinos." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39191102219591846067.
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碩士輔仁大學
西班牙語文學系
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Todas las lenguas naturales, como nacen y se gestan de diferentes cunas culturales e históricas, experimentan respectivamente diversos procesos de desarrollo y formación lingüísticos, y hasta hoy en día, nos han demostrado sus privativas características y peculiaridades. Tanto en español como en chino, existe una gran cantidad incontable de los modismos que sirven para pintar cualquier situación posible del mundo real o imaginario, que son verdaderos tesoros de respectivas lenguas. No obstante, aparte de las propiedades de modismos en ambos idiomas, existen también elementos idénticos que nos interesan en estudiarlos más a fondo. Por ejemplo, los numerales, que son partes comunes en todas las lenguas conocidas. En este trabajo vamos a hacer una investigación acerca de la aplicación del numeral uno en los modismos chinos y españoles. Para ello, en los primeros dos capítulos, empezamos por analizar y ordenar las definiciones y criterios relacionados sobre los términos que siempre se tratan y se atienden como denominación sinónima de modismo y de "chéng yǔ" [成語]. A continuación, hacemos una comparación y delimitación entre dichos términos para establecer una divisoria más objetiva que nos pueda servir como estándar general para los ejemplos que entran en nuestro estudio. En los siguientes capítulos III y IV vamos a presentar y analizar los modismos españoles y chinos con el numeral uno. Partiremos también de las acepciones fundamentales del numeral uno en los diccionarios y también algunos documentos relativos representativos. Después haremos una clasificación entre los modismos recogidos en ambos corpus conforme a sus estructuras principales o combinaciones frecuentes del numeral uno con otros elementos lingüísticos para facilitar el siguiente trabajo de comparación entre ellos. En nuestro último capítulo V, expondremos nuestro análisis contrastivo entre el numeral uno en modismos chinos y españoles basándonos en las observaciones anteriores. Para concluir este trabajo en el último apartado Similitudes y Diferencias, vamos a hacer una síntesis resumida sobre los resultados conseguidos a través de este estudio.
Books on the topic "Numero chiuso"
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Cacciola, Egidio. Il numero 1 di vicolo chiuso. Acireale (Catania) [etc.]: A&B, 2004.
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Giuffrè, Vincenzo. L' emersione dei "iura in re aliena" ed il dogma del "numero chiuso". Napoli: Jovene, 1992.
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Chi ha paura del numero chiuso?: Dialogo tra un professore e una studentessa sullo stato dell'università, la competizione e la giustizia sociale. Roma: Laterza, 1997.
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Il libro nero della pedofilia: I numeri dell'orrore, le reti dei pedofili, gli abusi in famiglia, nelle scuole materne e nelle diverse chiese, la pedopornografia in internet, le testimonianze delle vittime. Palermo: La Zisa, 2011.
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Walsh, Thomas, ed. Visual Fields. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195389685.001.0001.
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Visual Fields: Examination and Interpretation, 3rd edition contains revisions and updates of earlier material as well as a discussion of newer techniques for assessing visual field disorders. The book begins with a short history of the field of perimetry and goes on to present basic clinical aspects of examination and diagnosis of visual field defects in the optic nerve, optic disc, chorioretina, optic chiasm, optic tract, lateral geniculate field bodies, and the calcarine complex. Additional aspects of visual field examination are explored including those of monocular, binocular, and junctional field defects, congruity vs. incongruity, macular sparing vs. macular splitting, density, wedge-shaped homonymous field loss, and monocular temporal crescent. Various new techniques of automated perimetry are also considered including SITA, FASTPAC, and SWAP. This volume provides a very useful overview of the techniques of visual field examination in a number of eye disorders and will be of interest to all ophthalmologists, neuro-opthalmologists, retina specialists, and optometrists.
Book chapters on the topic "Numero chiuso"
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Salehi, Mohammad, Florian Kriebel, Semeen Rehman, and Muhammad Shafique. "Power-Aware Fault-Tolerance for Embedded Systems." In Dependable Embedded Systems, 565–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52017-5_24.
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AbstractPower-constrained fault-tolerance has emerged as a key challenge in the deep sub-micron technology. Multi-/many-core chips can support different hardening modes considering variants of redundant multithreading (RMT). In dark silicon chips, the maximum number of cores that can simultaneously be powered-on (at the full performance level) is constrained by the thermal design power (TDP). The rest of the cores have to be power-gated (i.e., stay “dark”), or the cores have to operate at a lower performance level. It has been predicted that about 25–50% of a many-core chip can potentially be “dark.” In this chapter, a system-level power–reliability management technique is presented. The technique jointly considers multiple hardening modes at the software and hardware levels, each offering distinct power, reliability, and performance properties. Also, a framework for the system-level optimization is introduced which considers different power–reliability–performance management problems for many-core processors depending upon the target system and user constraints.
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Hale, Robert C., Meredith E. Seeley, Ashley E. King, and Lehuan H. Yu. "Analytical Chemistry of Plastic Debris: Sampling, Methods, and Instrumentation." In Microplastic in the Environment: Pattern and Process, 17–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78627-4_2.
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AbstractApproaches for the collection and analysis of plastic debris in environmental matrices are rapidly evolving. Such plastics span a continuum of sizes, encompassing large (macro-), medium (micro-, typically defined as particles between 1 μm and 5 mm), and smaller (nano-) plastics. All are of environmental relevance. Particle sizes are dynamic. Large plastics may fragment over time, while smaller particles may agglomerate in the field. The diverse morphologies (fragment, fiber, sphere) and chemical compositions of microplastics further complicate their characterization. Fibers are of growing interest and present particular analytical challenges due to their narrow profiles. Compositional classes of emerging concern include tire wear, paint chips, semisynthetics (e.g., rayon), and bioplastics. Plastics commonly contain chemical additives and fillers, which may alter their toxicological potency, behavior (e.g., buoyancy), or detector response (e.g., yield fluorescence) during analysis. Field sampling methods often focus on >20 μm and even >300 μm sized particles and will thus not capture smaller microplastics (which may be most abundant and bioavailable). Analysis of a limited subgroup (selected polymer types, particle sizes, or shapes) of microplastics, while often operationally necessary, can result in an underestimation of actual sample content. These shortcomings complicate calls for toxicological studies of microplastics to be based on “environmentally relevant concentrations.” Sample matrices of interest include water (including wastewater, ice, snow), sediment (soil, dust, wastewater sludge), air, and biota. Properties of the environment, and of the particles themselves, may concentrate plastic debris in select zones (e.g., gyres, shorelines, polar ice, wastewater sludge). Sampling designs should consider such patchy distributions. Episodic releases due to weather and anthropogenic discharges should also be considered. While water grab samples and sieving are commonplace, novel techniques for microplastic isolation, such as continuous flow centrifugation, show promise. The abundance of nonplastic particulates (e.g., clay, detritus, biological material) in samples interferes with microplastic detection and characterization. Their removal is typically accomplished using a combination of gravity separation and oxidative digestion (including strong bases, peroxide, enzymes); unfortunately, aggressive treatments may damage more labile plastics. Microscope-based infrared or Raman detection is often applied to provide polymer chemistry and morphological data for individual microplastic particles. However, the sheer number of particles in many samples presents logistical hurdles. In response, instruments have been developed that employ detector arrays and rapid scanning lasers. The addition of dyes to stain particulates may facilitate spectroscopic detection of some polymer types. Most researchers provide microplastic data in the form of the abundances of polymer types within particle size, polymer, and morphology classes. Polymer mass data in samples remain rare but are essential to elucidating fate. Rather than characterizing individual particles in samples, solvent extraction (following initial sample prep, such as sediment size class sorting), combined with techniques such as thermoanalysis (e.g., pyrolysis), has been used to generate microplastic mass data. However, this may obviate the acquisition of individual particle morphology and compositional information. Alternatively, some techniques (e.g., electron and atomic force microscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry) are adept at providing highly detailed data on the size, morphology, composition, and surface chemistry of select particles. Ultimately, the analyst must select the approach best suited for their study goals. Robust quality control elements are also critical to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the sampling and analysis techniques. Further, improved efforts are required to assess and control possible sample contamination due to the ubiquitous distribution of microplastics, especially in indoor environments where samples are processed.
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Petrozziello, Maurizio, Tiziana Nardi, Andriani Asproudi, Maria Carla Cravero, and Federica Bonello. "Chemistry and Technology of Wine Aging with Oak Chips." In Winemaking - Stabilization, Aging Chemistry and Biochemistry [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93529.
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The use of wood chips is a common winemaking practice that has been permitted in Europe since the early 2000s. The use of oak chips, or other wood alternative products, has not always been favorably viewed by both producers and wine consumers. Beyond possible misuse, however, wood chips are a useful tool for the optimal achievement of numerous oenological objectives, including the extraction of certain volatile odor compounds from oak wood chips as well as compounds that will improve wine quality. This chapter deals with the main oenological uses of oak wood chips, the chemical transformations that underlie this practice and the effect of their utilization on wine quality. A final aspect concerns the main compositional and sensory differences between wines aged in barrel and those aged with alternative products, as well as the discriminative analytical methods used for this purpose.
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Pawar, Lokesh, Rohit Kumar, and Anurag Sharma. "Risks Analysis and Mitigation Technique in EDA Sector." In Analyzing the Role of Risk Mitigation and Monitoring in Software Development, 256–65. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6029-6.ch016.
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This chapter describes how as the semiconductor industry is growing at a streaming pace, it comprises a number of global business entities. The industry includes the designing of the VLSI chips, manufacturing of those chips, system integration and the distribution of the VLSI chip. With this the industry has raised the bar among its vendors to provide best possible IC solutions and a highly secure product. The authors thus present this chapter in calculating views on risk involved in this area which are prone to security risks and at the same time focuses on the VLSI supply chain with references to a recent survey that illustrates various ways to handle those risks. In the absence of an effective security mechanism, a varlet here viz. an intellectual property (IP)provider or an integrated circuit design industry, an EDA company, a foundry lab, a distributor of chips or a system integrator, may easily lead to design IP theft or tampering with a designed IC. Since these risks compromise the security system for the VLSI chips, this leads to have a sound security system for an apt risk management.
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Garofalo, Leo J. "The Will of an Indian Oriental and her Chinos in Peru (1644)." In The Spanish Pacific, 1521–1815. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463720649_ch08.
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In her 1644 will, a widow named Leonor Alvarez made arrangements for her funeral and granted freedom to four people whom she had held as slaves. Alvarez identified herself as the “Peruvian daughter of gentile parents from Oriental India.” She had been married to one Hernando Gutierrez, of Chinese origin, and the people she freed were from Africa and Asia. Leo Garofalo places this document in the context of Lima’s complex racial demography, which included significant numbers of people from East, Southeast, and South Asia, both free and enslaved. The will provides a glimpse into the life or Asian men and women who had migrated either freely or by force to South America.
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Etter, Stephanie, Patricia G. Phillips, Ashli M. Molinero, Susan J. Nestor, and Keith LeDonne. "The Ethical Debate Surrounding RFID." In Ubiquitous and Pervasive Computing, 1350–57. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-960-1.ch083.
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Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a generic term that is used to describe a system that transmits the identity of an object or person wirelessly using radio waves (RFID Journal, 2005). It falls under the broad category of automatic identification technologies. RFID tags, in the simplest of terms, are “intelligent chips that can be embedded in or attached to a product to transmit descriptive data” (Gelinas, Sutton, & Fedorowicz, 2004, p. 6). According to the online RFID Journal (2005), there are several methods of identifying objects using RFID, including the most common of storing a serial number that identifies a product on a microchip that is attached to an RFID tag. RFID is not a new technology, but it has only recently been in the spotlight as more businesses are receiving press for putting the technology to work in their supply chains. RFID tag technology is sometimes associated with the term electronic product code (EPC). An EPC uniquely identifies objects in a supply chain. According to EPCGlobal, “EPC is divided into numbers that identify the manufacturer and product type. The EPC uses an extra set of digits, a serial number, to identify unique items.” The EPC number is placed on a tag composed of a silicon chip and an antenna, which is then attached to an item. Using RFID, a tag communicates its numberto a reader (EPCGlobal, 2005). In broad terms, RFID tags are placed into one of two categories: active or passive. According to the Association for Automatic Identification and Mobility (AIM, 2005), active RFID tags are powered by an internal battery and are typically designated as read-write tags. When a tag has read-write capabilities, the tag data can be modified. Passive tags, according to AIM, operate without a power source and obtain operating power from the tag reader. Passive tags are typically read-only tags, having only read-only memory. Active tags generally have a longer read range than passive tags.
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Jain, Pankaj. "Modern Hindu Dharma and Environmentalism." In The Oxford History of Hinduism: Modern Hinduism, 261–74. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790839.003.0015.
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This chapter explores some important examples of modern Hindu environmentalism. Hinduism contains numerous references to the worship of the divine in nature in its Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas, Sutras, and its other sacred texts. Millions of Hindus recite Sanskrit mantras daily to revere rivers, mountains, trees, animals, and the earth. Although the Chipko (tree-hugging) Movement is the most widely known example of Hindu environmental leadership, there are examples of Hindu action for the environment that are centuries old. Mahatma Gandhi exemplified many of the Hindu teachings, and his example continues to inspire contemporary social, religious, and environmental leaders in their efforts to protect the planet.
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Efird, Robert. "The Flesh of Time: Solaris and the Chiasmic Image." In ReFocus: The Films of Andrei Tarkovsky, 195–208. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474437233.003.0012.
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This chapter explores Solaris’s chiasmatic interpenetration of the real and the phantasmatic in the context of Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s concept of the flesh defined as the non-physical substrate of the visible world and the virtual. Thanks to its genre of science fiction, Efird argues, Solaris accomplishes more convincingly the physical realization of the characters’ dream imagery, which vividly exemplifies Tarkovsky’s cinematic materialism. Besides numerous scenes with mirrors, the dynamic chiasm of the flesh, which is both physical and spiritual, fully manifests itself in the ambiguous figure of Hari who is simultaneously the object of Kelvin’s memory as well as the self-conscious subject on her own.
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Christie, Jessica Joyce, and Matthew Piscitelli. "The Role of Ideology in Emerging Hierarchies at Late Archaic and Early Horizon Sites along the Central Coast of Peru." In Ritual and Archaic States. University Press of Florida, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813062785.003.0007.
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This chapter discusses how stone monuments at selected Late Archaic (3000–1800 B.C.) and Early Horizon (1200–200 B.C.) sites on the north central coast of Peru provide insights into social transformation processes across collective and autocratic societies. The monuments under analysis are upright stone slabs (huancas) found at a number of Late Archaic sites in the Norte Chico region, as well as the row of towers at Chankillo dated to the late Early Horizon in the Casma Valley. Christie and Piscitelli argue that these upright stone monuments demarcated places and spaces in which people coordinated collective actions representing varying trajectories of social change. The political and ritual landscapes constructed at the Norte Chico and Chankillo sites were decidedly inward-oriented, concerned with establishing community centers and creating order. The sheer scale of the settings and the related coordination of ritual use there suggest emerging elites and corporate hierarchies. Following the trajectory of an expansionist state on the other hand, the Inca political landscape looks outward from long-existing centers. Comparative study of stone monuments and their associated ideologies, along with the study of place-making, can help illuminate social changes in the Andes over time.
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Verma, Tanishq, Utkarsh Sharma, Vaibhav Kumar, Sumeet Padhi, and Akhilesh Arora. "Improvement in Heat Transfer in Microchannel Using Recharging." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220775.
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The use of microchannel has increased in various fields such as microelectronic chips, which are cooled using a heat exchanger and other different purposes. The project is impacting on Nusselt’s estimated value by introducing a new charge through the second charging station and the flow of the main channel to increase the heat transfer rate in the integrated wall by performing mathematical simulations. First, the performance of the recharge concept is assessed by studying the representation of the 2-D model (i.e., the flow between the two plates) and then comparisons are made between the simple and charged case. Numerical analysis was performed for the 3-D case on three different microchannel geometries with two Reynold numbers (Re = 500,1000) and 11 different objects with different thermal conductivity values. In this project laminar flow is considered and the walls are considered adiabatic and continuous heat is supplied to the lower wall. It is noted that the heat transfer rate is increasing as Nusselt’s average value increases due to the introduction of a new charge. Therefore, the efficiency of the microchannel increases with the development of the concept of recharge. In line with this we look at the effects of axial conduction on the local Nusselt number. By varying the ksf (i.e., using different materials) it is found that high value of conductivity results in axial back conduction and which ultimately decrease the Nusselt number. Similarly, very low thermal conductivity also results in a low Nusselt number due to the fact that the heat distribution is converted to low ksf. Thus, we consider the largest ksf where we obtain the highest value of the Nusselt number by placing the graph between the two excess values. The effects of various geometry on the distribution of temperature and flexibility have also been analysed in this report. It therefore appears that conductivity is the main value as it affects the Nusselt number due to axial back conduction and the Nusselt number increases with re-charging.
Conference papers on the topic "Numero chiuso"
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Cox, George, Charles Dike, and D. J. Johnston. "Intel's digital random number generator (DRNG)." In 2011 IEEE Hot Chips 23 Symposium (HCS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hotchips.2011.7477490.
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Coustans, Mathieu, Abdelkarim Cherkaoui, Laurent Fesquet, Christian Terrier, Stephanie Salgado, Thomas Eberhardt, and Maher Kayal. "Subthreshold logic for low-area and energy efficient true random number generator." In 2018 IEEE Symposium in Low-Power and High-Speed Chips (COOL CHIPS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/coolchips.2018.8373081.
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Jeffrey, Zoe, Xiaojun Zhai, Faycal Bensaali, Reza Sotudeh, and Aladdin Ariyaeeinia. "Automatic number plate recognition system on an ARM-DSP and FPGA heterogeneous SoC platforms." In 2013 IEEE Hot Chips 25 Symposium (HCS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hotchips.2013.7478331.
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Dhingra, Rajat, and P. S. Ghoshdastidar. "Simulation of Mixed Convection Air Cooling of Protruding Heat Sources Mounted on One Side of a Vertical Channel." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63289.
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A numerical study of steady, laminar, two-dimensional mixed convection air cooling of identical as well as non-identical rectangular protruding heat sources located on one side of a vertical channel is presented in this paper. The stream function-vorticity-temperature approach with the finite-difference-based methodology implementing higher order upwind scheme has been applied. Three cases have been considered, namely (i) when the number of identical chips is two; (ii) when the number varies from 3 to 10; and finally, (iii) when five chips of different heights but of same width are placed in various orders. For the case of two chips the effects of Re, Gr/Re2 (that is, Richardson number), dimensionless separation distance between the chips (d/H), dimensionless chip height (h/H) and width (w/H) on the average Nusselt number of each chip have been investigated. A correlation based on regression analysis is also presented for each parameter. With increase in Reynolds number the average Nusselt number of both chips increases. Similar trend is seen when the separation distance between two chips is raised. It is also observed that as the number of chips escalates from 2 to 10, the average Nusselt number of downstream chips becomes smaller than that of the upstream chips, the rate of drop being much sharper near the channel inlet. A regression-analysis based composite correlation each for average Nusselt number of Chip 1 (lower chip) and Chip 2 (upper chip) as a function of Reynolds number, Richardson number, separation distance between the chips, chip height and width has been obtained for the 2-chip case. The model also predicts maximum chip temperature in an array of ten chips. Finally, for five non-identical chips having same width but different heights the simulation reveals that the chips placed in increasing order of their heights in the direction of air flow are cooled better as compared to any other pattern of placement of the chips.
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Ferdaus, Farah, B. M. S. Bahar Talukder, Mehdi Sadi, and Md Tauhidur Rahman. "True Random Number Generation using Latency Variations of Commercial MRAM Chips." In 2021 22nd International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isqed51717.2021.9424346.
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Wan, Q., and A. V. Kuznetsov. "Numeric Modeling of Ultrasonic Acoustic Streaming Cooling Effect on IC Chips." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/htd-24384.
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Abstract This paper investigates enhancement of cooling of an IC chip by acoustic streaming induced by a PZT-covered vibrating beam, which is placed underneath the chip. Vibration of the beam induces acoustic streaming in the gap between the chip and the beam. The governing equations are asymptotically decomposed into the first order harmonic equations and second order time-independent acoustic streaming equations by the infinite small parameter defined as the ratio of characteristic beam vibration velocity and the local sound speed. The first order harmonic equations are numerically solved in the reduced wave equation form. The steady acoustic streaming equations are driven by the first order harmonic field and are solved by SIMPLER method. The cooling effect on the uniform heat flux from the chip is also analyzed and behavior of the cooling effect on the uniform heat generation within a chip with finite thickness is also estimated.
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Bhowmik, H., and K. W. Tou. "Air Cooling Study of Transient Natural Convection Heat Transfer From Simulated Electronic Chips." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59503.
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Experiments are performed to study the heat transfer characteristics during the power-on transient period from an array of 4 × 1 discrete heat sources in a vertical rectangular channel using air as the working fluid. The heat flux ranges from 1000 W/m2 to 5000 W/m2. For 2 mm protrusion of the heater, the effect of heat fluxes and chip numbers are investigated and observed that the transient Nul strongly depends on the number of chips. Correlations are presented for individual chips as well as for overall data in the transient regime.
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Tudoran, Radu, Octavian Creţ, Sebastian Bănescu, and Alin Suciu. "Implementing true random number generators by generating crosstalk effects in FPGA chips." In the 6th FPGAworld Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1667520.1667523.
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Alawadhi, Esam M. "Heat Flow Improvement for Chips Using a Swinging Plate." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62217.
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Heat transfer swinging enhancement using a swinging plate in a channel containing chips with volumetric heat generation is studied. The model consists of a two dimensional channel formed by two plates with chips attached to bottom plate and a swinging plate installed at the centerline of the channel above the chips. The plate improves heat flow out of the chips by accelerating flow in the channel. The effects of the Reynolds number, frequency and maximum angle of attack of the plate on the Nusselt number are investigated. Heat transfer improvement of the chips with the swinging plate is determined by comparing their Nusselt number to channel without the plate. The results show that the swinging plate improves heat flow out of the chips up to 13.67%.
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Bhowmik, H., K. W. Tou, and C. P. Tso. "Experimental Thermal Behavior of Electronic Chips in a Channel During Pump-On Transient Period." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56287.
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Experiments are performed to study the heat transfer characteristics during the pump-on transient period from an array of 4 × 1 flush mounted discrete heat sources in a vertical rectangular channel using water as the working fluid. The experimental data covers the flow regime with Reynolds number based on heat source length ranging from 1050 to 2625. The applied uniform heat fluxes to the chips are 1, 3, 5 and 7 W/cm2. The effects of heat flux, flow rates and chip numbers are investigated and empirical correlations are developed for investigated and empirical correlations are developed for individual chips as well as for overall data in the transient regime. The transient correlation recommended is Nul/(Pel)1/3 = 3.5(Fo)1/4.
Reports on the topic "Numero chiuso"
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Harman, Gary E., and Ilan Chet. Enhancement of plant disease resistance and productivity through use of root symbiotic fungi. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695588.bard.
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The objectives of the project were to (a) compare effects ofT22 and T-203 on growth promotion and induced resistance of maize inbred line Mol7; (b) follow induced resistance of pathogenesis-related proteins through changes in gene expression with a root and foliar pathogen in the presence or absence of T22 or T-203 and (c) to follow changes in the proteome of Mol? over time in roots and leaves in the presence or absence of T22 or T-203. The research built changes in our concepts regarding the effects of Trichoderma on plants; we hypothesized that there would be major changes in the physiology of plants and these would be reflected in changes in the plant proteome as a consequence of root infection by Trichoderma spp. Further, Trichoderma spp. differ in their effects on plants and these changes are largely a consequence of the production of different elicitors of elicitor mixtures that are produced in the zone of communication that is established by root infection by Trichoderma spp. In this work, we demonstrated that both T22 and T-203 increase growth and induce resistance to pathogens in maize. In Israel, it was shown that a hydrophobin is critical for root colonization by Trichoderma strains, and that peptaibols and an expansin-like protein from Ttrichoderma probably act as elicitors of induced resistance in plants. Further, this fungus induces the jasmonate/ethylene pathway of disease resistance and a specific cucumber MAPK is required for transduction of the resistance signal. This is the first such gene known to be induced by fungal systems. In the USA, extensive proteomic analyses of maize demonstrated a number of proteins are differentially regulated by T. harzianum strain T22. The pattern of up-regulation strongly supports the contention that this fungus induces increases in plant disease resistance, respiratory rates and photosynthesis. These are all very consistent with the observations of effects of the fungus on plants in the greenhouse and field. In addition, the chitinolytic complex of maize was examined. The numbers of maize genes encoding these enzymes was increased about 3-fold and their locations on maize chromosomes determined by sequence identification in specific BAC libraries on the web. One of the chitinolytic enzymes was determined to be a heterodimer between a specific exochitinase and different endochitinases dependent upon tissue differences (shoot or root) and the presence or absence of T. harzianum. These heterodimers, which were discovered in this work, are very strongly antifungal, especially the one from shoots in the presence of the biocontrol fungus. Finally, RNA was isolated from plants at Cornell and sent to Israel for transcriptome assessment using Affymetrix chips (the chips became available for maize at the end of the project). The data was sent back to Cornell for bioinformatic analyses and found, in large sense, to be consistent with the proteomic data. The final assessment of this data is just now possible since the full annotation of the sequences in the maize Affy chips is just now available. This work is already being used to discover more effective strains of Trichoderma. It also is expected to elucidate how we may be able to manipulate and breed plants for greater disease resistance, enhanced growth and yield and similar goals. This will be possible since the changes in gene and protein expression that lead to better plant performance can be elucidated by following changes induced by Trichoderma strains. The work was in, some parts, collaborative but in others, most specifically transcriptome analyses, fully synergistic.
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Miller, James E. Wild Turkeys. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7208751.ws.
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Like other bird and mammal species whose populations have been restored through conservation efforts, wild turkeys are treasured by many recreationists and outdoor enthusiasts. Wild turkeys have responded positively to wildlife habitat and population management. In some areas, however, their increased populations have led to increased damage to property and agricultural crops, and threats to human health and safety. Turkeys frequent agricultural fields, pastures, vineyards and orchards, as well as some urban and suburban neighborhoods. Because of this, they may cause damage or mistakenly be blamed for damage. Research has found that despite increases in turkey numbers and complaints, damage is often caused by other mammalian or bird species, not turkeys. In the instances where turkeys did cause damage, it was to specialty crops, vineyards, orchards, hay bales or silage pits during the winter. In cultured crops or gardens where wood chips, pine straw or other bedding materials (mulch) are placed around plants, wild turkeys sometimes scratch or dig up the material and damage plants when searching for food. Wild turkeys are a valuable game species, treasured by recreational hunters and wildlife enthusiasts.
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Weller, Joel I., Ignacy Misztal, and Micha Ron. Optimization of methodology for genomic selection of moderate and large dairy cattle populations. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7594404.bard.
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The main objectives of this research was to detect the specific polymorphisms responsible for observed quantitative trait loci and develop optimal strategies for genomic evaluations and selection for moderate (Israel) and large (US) dairy cattle populations. A joint evaluation using all phenotypic, pedigree, and genomic data is the optimal strategy. The specific objectives were: 1) to apply strategies for determination of the causative polymorphisms based on the “a posteriori granddaughter design” (APGD), 2) to develop methods to derive unbiased estimates of gene effects derived from SNP chips analyses, 3) to derive optimal single-stage methods to estimate breeding values of animals based on marker, phenotypic and pedigree data, 4) to extend these methods to multi-trait genetic evaluations and 5) to evaluate the results of long-term genomic selection, as compared to traditional selection. Nearly all of these objectives were met. The major achievements were: The APGD and the modified granddaughter designs were applied to the US Holstein population, and regions harboring segregating quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for all economic traits of interest. The APGD was able to find segregating QTL for all the economic traits analyzed, and confidence intervals for QTL location ranged from ~5 to 35 million base pairs. Genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) for milk production traits in the Israeli Holstein population were computed by the single-step method and compared to results for the two-step method. The single-step method was extended to derive GEBV for multi-parity evaluation. Long-term analysis of genomic selection demonstrated that inclusion of pedigree data from previous generations may result in less accurate GEBV. Major conclusions are: Predictions using single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) were the least biased, and that method appears to be the best tool for genomic evaluation of a small population, as it automatically accounts for parental index and allows for inclusion of female genomic information without additional steps. None of the methods applied to the Israeli Holstein population were able to derive GEBV for young bulls that were significantly better than parent averages. Thus we confirm previous studies that the main limiting factor for the accuracy of GEBV is the number of bulls with genotypes and progeny tests. Although 36 of the grandsires included in the APGD were genotyped for the BovineHDBeadChip, which includes 777,000 SNPs, we were not able to determine the causative polymorphism for any of the detected QTL. The number of valid unique markers on the BovineHDBeadChip is not sufficient for a reasonable probability to find the causative polymorphisms. Complete resequencing of the genome of approximately 50 bulls will be required, but this could not be accomplished within the framework of the current project due to funding constraints. Inclusion of pedigree data from older generations in the derivation of GEBV may result is less accurate evaluations.