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Mariotti, Ilaria, and Mina Akhavan. "Gli spazi di coworking prima e durante la pandemia covid-19: tipologie, geografia ed effetti." ECONOMIA E SOCIETÀ REGIONALE, no. 1 (June 2021): 66–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/es2021-001006.
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L'avvento del digitale ha contribuito all'aumento di alternative ai luoghi di lavoro tradizionali, quali ad esempio gli spazi di coworking, dove lavoratori autonomi e dipendenti, e piccole im-prese possono avvantaggiarsi di interazione sociale e professionale al fine di ridurre i rischi di isolamento (in particolare nel caso di lavoro a domicilio) e aumentare le occasioni di incontro. La pandemia Covid-19 ha avuto un impatto negativo sugli spazi di coworking: il 21,76% de-gli spazi nel mondo ha chiuso e il 71,67% ha registrato una significativa riduzione del numero di coworker che frequentano lo spazio, i quali hanno iniziato a lavorare a domicilio. In Italia il numero di coworking chiusi nei mesi di marzo e aprile ammonta al 59,15%, mentre il 36,62% è aperto ad attività essenziali. Durante la pandemia, il numero dei lavoratori a distanza e a do-micilio è significativamente aumentato e il coworking di prossimità può rappresentare un vali-do luogo di lavoro. Il presente contributo si inserisce in questo contesto e si propone di de-scrivere le tipologie, la geografia e i principali effetti dei nuovi luoghi del lavoro prima e du-rante la pandemia Covid-19, con attenzione al caso italiano.
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Baiardo, Giacomo, Gaia Savioli, Massimo Conti, Luca Corsiglia, and Massimo Miglioretti. "Gruppo chiuso strutturato o gruppo aperto semistrutturato? Confronto tra due modalitŕ di gestione del gruppo educativo in cardiologia riabilitativa." PSICOLOGIA DELLA SALUTE, no. 2 (July 2011): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pds2011-002002.
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Obiettivi di questa ricerca sono presentare due diverse modalitŕ di intervento educativo in cardiologia riabilitativa (CR) e valutarne l'efficacia in termini di miglioramento dello stato psicologico dei pazienti. Presso l'Istituto Cardiovascolare di Camogli sono stati reclutati 153 pazienti: 113 hanno partecipato ad un intervento di gruppo chiuso strutturato (gruppo di controllo) costituito da tre incontri con numero fisso di pazienti in cui si trattavano tematiche fondamentali in CR; gli altri 40 pazienti hanno partecipato al gruppo aperto semistrutturato (gruppo sperimentale) nato per meglio venire incontro alle esigenze dei pazienti ricoverati, che ha previsto almeno tre incontri per ciascun paziente. Tutti i pazienti sono stati valutati, all'ingresso e alle dimissioni, con una batteria di questionari indaganti diverse caratteristiche psicologiche. I risultati mostrano come le due modalitŕ portino a esiti positivi sostanzialmente sovrapponibili nel breve termine. Se tali riscontri fossero confermati su gruppi piů ampi, si potrebbero configurare per l'operatore importanti alternative organizzative, senza che l'intervento ne risenta in efficacia.
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Borin, D., C. Piovan, T. Bovolon, N. Olivieri, M. Barbiero, and C. Loschiavo. "Esperienza nell'utilizzo di un nuovo presidio per il Priming dei CVC nel trattamento di Emodialisi." Giornale di Clinica Nefrologica e Dialisi 22, no. 1 (January 24, 2018): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33393/gcnd.2010.1192.
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Il catetere venoso centrale rappresenta uno dei possibili accessi vascolari per il paziente in emodialisi. I protocolli attualmente in uso per la procedura di attacco prevedono una serie di manovre di movimentazione del sangue seguite da ripetute connessioni-sconnessioni di alcune siringhe, con possibili rischi infettivi sia per il paziente sia per l'ambiente e con una valutazione soggettiva della portata dell'accesso. In questa breve esperienza abbiamo utilizzato un nuovo presidio, denominato “Haemocatch”, che permette di aspirare il sangue da entrambi i lumi del catetere venoso centrale mediante una sola siringa, di restituire il sangue filtrato e privo di eventuali coaguli e di quantificare la portata dell'accesso prima dell'inizio della seduta dialitica in un sistema chiuso. I vantaggi di questo device innovativo sono la standardizzazione del metodo di priming, la riduzione del numero delle connessioni con conseguente minor esposizione al rischio di infezioni, la maggiore sicurezza sia per il paziente sia per l'operatore e la preliminare valutazione della portata dell'accesso, che fornisce un'importante informazione all'operatore e riduce l'evenienza di interruzione del trattamento per portata insufficiente.
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Sordyl, Krzysztof. "Powstanie i rozwój Kościoła nowacjańskiego." Vox Patrum 55 (July 15, 2010): 553–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.4356.
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Nel periodo iniziale dello sviluppo dello scisma romano di Novaziano niente lasciava prevedere che potesse minacciare l’intera Chiesa. In quel periodo Novaziano aveva mandato in Africa, Alessandria e Antiochia i suoi emissari. Grazie alla loro attività la comunità dei novaziani cresceva in potenza, e sviluppando in modo progressivo la propria dottrina è diventato un rivale significativo della Chiesa cattolica. La Chiesa di Novaziano si è diffusa in Gallia, nei terreni dell’Italia settentrionale (Milano), a Roma, in Africa, Egitto e Siria. In Oriente si è lottato a lungo contro le sue regole e abitudini. Anche nell’Asia minore i novaziani erano numerosi. Socrate fornisce molte informazioni su di loro. Racconta dettagliatamente la storia della comunità novaziana a Costantinopoli: descrive la disposizione delle loro chiese nella città e presenta la successione dei vescovi novaziani fino alla sua epoca. Eppure non vi è modo di stabilire, anche approssimativamente, il numero di singole comunità. L’ottavo canone del concilio di Nicea presumeva che in alcuni posti la chiesa di Novaziano avesse attratto la totalità della popolazione cristiana. Le informazioni sul presbitero romano e la sua chiesa non sono precise. I trattati, che si sono conservati, mostrano piuttosto la polemica teologica che la dimensione storica. La legge civile del 326 ha creato una situazione favorevole per gli appartenenti alla chiesa di Novaziano, riconoscendogli il diritto di possedere i luoghi di culto e i cimiteri. Le comunità novaziane in Oriente si sono trovate al centro della reazione antiniceana, le cui conseguenze avevano il carattere non solo teologico, ma anche esistenziale. Socrate riporta i momenti drammatici vissuti a Costantinopoli dai cattolici e dai novaziani che non volevano accettare il credo dei seguaci degli homoios. Nella prima metà del V secolo a Roma, il papa Innocente I, Bonifacio I e Celestino I chiudono le chiese dei novaziani. Cirillo invece combatteva i novaziani ad Alessandria. Socrate ricorda che a Costantinopoli, dove sicuramente era più difficile scordarsi delle sofferenze comuni, la situazione della comunità novaziana è rimasta buona fino all’ascesa al trono di Nestorio (428). La collaborazione della Chiesa e dello stato porta gradualmente alla sparizione, prima nelle grandi città, a poi addirittura in campagna, delle comunità organizzate, e finalmente degli ultimi rappresentanti della setta. Probabilmente gli ultimi novaziani asiatici collaboravano con i pauliciani. In Oriente dalla metà dell’VIII secolo sparisce la questione dei novaziani come eretici viventi. Gli ultimi cenni risalgono ai tempi di Giovanni di Damasco e Eulogio di Alessandria. In Occidente erano spariti già da molto prima: non se ne trova quasi nessuna informazione già dalla metà del V secolo. Secondo alcuni ricercatori le idee propagate dalla chiesa di Novaziano hanno influito sui bogomilisti, e anche sui catari dell’Occidente.
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Coates-Stephens, Robert. "Dark age architecture in Rome." Papers of the British School at Rome 65 (November 1997): 177–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068246200010631.
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ARCHITETTURA DELLA DARK AGE A ROMANonostante un notevole numero di recenti scavi e ricerche, la visione generalmente accettata dell'architettura della Roma alto medievale resta quella di Richard Krautheimer. Il suo quadro ciclico consiste di una serie di fasi distinte che vanno dalla ‘basilica costantiniana a forma di T’, attraverso il ‘rinascimento sistino’ della metà del quinto secolo, al periodo bizantino del sesto e dell'inizio del settimo secolo, seguito dalla ‘Dark Age’ della durata di un secolo, ed infine, dal tardo ottavo secolo, il ‘rinascimento carolingio’. L'architettura del decimo secolo resta sconosciuta. Un chiaro contrasto viene delineato tra le tendenze occidentali e classicizzanti e quelle bizantine, tipicamente orientali, ed anche tra la minima attività dei periodi 640-772 e 860-1000 — le due dark ages — e la prolifica attività costruttiva del periodo carolingio. Quest'articolo fornisce dati sulle costruzioni del periodo, finora trascurato, delle due dark ages. Un corpus di chiese è presentato; questo si basa in parte su una nuova lettura delle notizie costruttive del Liber Pontificalis (640–772), ed anche sulle variegate ma scarse informazioni storiche sulle chiese del decimo secolo, così come sulle descrizioni degli oramai scomparsi palazzi del sedicesimo secolo e dei periodi successivi. Molte nuove informazioni derivanti da rilevamenti e recenti ricerche archeologiche viene presentata per specifici monumenti quali San Giorgio in Velabro, San Gregorio Nazianzeno, San Tommaso in Formis e San Cosimato. I risultati mostrano una sostanziale continuità di attività architettoniche in entrambi i periodi. L'accelerato programma costruttivo del cosiddetto ‘rinascimento carolingio’ sembra esser cominciato durante il pontificato di Gregorio III (731–41), e molte delle distinzioni, finora considerate chiare, tra l'architettura ‘carolingia’ e quella ‘orientale’ vengono messe in dubbio. Il decimo secolo si rivela essere un periodo di notevole attività, per lo più derivante da finanziamento privato.
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Valentan, Sebastijan. "I tre Papi e la necessità degli strumenti di comunicazione sociale nella Chiesa." Bogoslovni vestnik 79, no. 4 (2019): 1075–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.34291/bv2019/04/valentan.
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Con l’uso dei mezzi moderni di comunicazione sociale la presenza del- la Chiesa cattolica nel mondo è ancora più grande e la Chiesa stessa non ha paura di usarli. I mass media devono essere al servizio delle persone e delle culture, del dialogo con il mondo attuale, della comunità umana e del progres- so sociale, della comunione ecclesiale e al servizio di una nuova evangelizzazi- one. Nell’account ufficiale Twitter di papa Francesco (oggi tradotto in nove lingue) il numero di followers aumenta persistentemente. Sono già più di qua- ranta milioni. Il profilo del pontefice venne aperto da Benedetto XVI alla fine del 2012. I social media sono una grande opportunità per la Chiesa attraverso i quali può divulgare la parola di Cristo e la dottrina.
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Marcus, R. C., L. C. Wang, and C. A. Mason. "Retinal axon divergence in the optic chiasm: midline cells are unaffected by the albino mutation." Development 122, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): 859–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.122.3.859.
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The visual pathway in albino animals is abnormal in that there is a smaller number of ipsilaterally projecting retinal ganglion cells. There are two possible sites of gene action that could result in such a defect. The first site is the retina where the amount of pigmentation in the retinal pigment epithelium is correlated with the degree of ipsilateral innervation (La Vail et al. (1978) J. Comp. Neurol. 182, 399–422). The second site is the optic chiasm, the site of retinal axon divergence. We investigated these two possibilities through a combination of in vivo and in vitro techniques. Our results demonstrate that the growth patterns of retinal axons and the cellular composition of the optic chiasm in albino mice are similar to those of normally pigmented mice, consistent with the albino mutation exerting its effects in the retina, and not on the cells from the chiasmatic midline. We directly tested whether the albino mutation affects the chiasm by studying ‘chimeric’ cultures of retinal explants and chiasm cells isolated from pigmented and albino mice. Crossed and uncrossed axons from pigmented or albino retinal explants display the same amount of differential growth when grown on either pigmented or albino chiasm cells, demonstrating that the albino mutation does not disrupt the signals for retinal axon divergence associated with the albino optic chiasm. Furthermore, in vitro, a greater proportion of albino retinal ganglion cells from ventrotemporal retina, origin of uncrossed axons, behave like crossed cells, suggesting that the albino mutation acts by respecifying the numbers of retinal ganglion cells that cross the chiasmatic midline.
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Di Carlo, Miriam. "Report di un anglismo." XII, 2020/1 (gennaio-marzo) 12, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35948/2532-9006/2020.3239.
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Un numero considerevole di lettori ci chiede informazioni sull’anglismo report: dalla pronuncia al genere grammaticale fino alla sinonimia con altre parole italiane tra cui rapporto. Altri lettori ci domandano inoltre se siano in uso i derivati reportare e reportistica. Infine ci viene chiesto quale sia la differenza tra bollettazione e report di magazzino.
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Grkovic, Desanka, Tatjana Bedov, Vladimir Canadanovic, Nikola Babic, and Sava Barisic. "Postoperative visual recovery following surgical treatment of suprasellar meningiomas." Medical review 65, no. 7-8 (2012): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1208309g.
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Introduction. The purpose of this study was to investigate pre- and postoperative visual acuity in patients with meningioma in the area of optic chiasm. Material and Methods. This retrospective study included 43 patients with meningioma in the area of optic chiasm, who had been found to have impaired visual function according to anamnestic data and neuro-ophthalmologic examination which excluded the presence of any other eye diseases. The visual status was analyzed both preoperatively and postoperatively, i.e. 10 days, one month and six months after surgery. Results. An improvement in visual acuity was recorded in 50% of the examined eyes (68.42% of patients), the most expressed changes being in terms of higher number of the eyes with normalized visual acuity and lower number of the eyes with severely reduced visual acuity after surgery. These changes were particularly prominent immediately after surgery, during the first ten days. Conclusion. The recovery of visual acuity after decompression in the area of optic chiasm is possible in cases where mechanical pressure on the nerve fibres and resulting fibre ischemia have not lasted long enough to lead to their irreversible damage.
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Кривоногов, Сергей Сергеевич. "St. Philaret of Moscow in the writings of MDA students of the late 19th and early 20th centuries." Церковный историк, no. 1(1) (June 15, 2019): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/chist.2019.1.1.008.
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В статье представлен материал по студенческим сочинениям МДА конца XIX - начала XX века, посвящённым святителю Филарету Московскому. До сих пор эта тема остаётся малоизученной; в то же время к ней наблюдается повышенный интерес. Кратко рассмотрена статистика по студенческим работам: их количество, объём и качество работ, успешность их защиты, а также биографии и научные интересы научных руководителей и рецензентов. Отмечаются особо значимые факты защит работ, которые, по отзывам, имели большое количество недостатков, но были успешно защищены на хорошие оценки. Также иногда научными руководителями были не специалисты в данной области, научная деятельность которых была связана с другой специализацией. Все работы, конечно, представляют определённый научный интерес. This article presents material on MDA students' essays on St. Philaret of Moscow in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. To date, this topic has been little studied; at the same time, there has been increased interest in it. A brief review of statistics on students' submissions is given, including their number, volume and quality, and the success of their defence, as well as the biographies and research interests of the authors and reviewers. Particularly noteworthy are the facts of the defence of works, which, according to reviews, had a large number of deficiencies, but were successfully defended with good marks. Also, sometimes the supervisors were not specialists in the field, and their scientific activity was related to another specialisation. All the papers are, of course, of a certain scientific interest.
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Corsa, Rita. "Riflessioni sul controtransfert nella malattia dell'analista." SETTING, no. 28 (May 2010): 59–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/set2009-028007.
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In questo articolo una psicologa, che cominciň a lavorare nel 1975 nell'Ospedale psichiatrico di Firenze, popolarmente detto Manicomio di San Salvi, racconta in modo empatico la sua particolare esperienza, nell'ambito della cultura italiana degli anni Settanta. Un'esperienza breve, difficile ma stimolante, il suo primo contatto con gravi pazienti psichiatrici che vissero per moltissimi anni, e talvolta l'intera vita, dentro un manicomio. Nel 1978 la leggere numero 180, la cosiddetta "Legge Basaglia", stabilě che gli ospedali psichiatrici sarebbero stati chiusi. Nessun paziente fu piů ammesso; nell'ospedale restarono solo coloro per cui non fu possibile trovare un'altra sistemazione. Lavorare con loro da un punto di vista psicologico era veramente un'impresa disperata! Attualmente, i locali dell'Ospedale di San Salvi accolgono la Facoltŕ di Psicologia dell'Universitŕ di Firenze.
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SASSI, MARIA MICHELA. "SENOFANE FRA I SOFISTI. DAI LIMITI DELLA CONOSCENZA (21B34 DK) AL PARADOSSO ERISTICO (PLAT. MEN. 80D5-E5)." Méthexis 24, no. 1 (March 30, 2011): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24680974-90000576.
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I argue in this paper that the formulation of the eristic paradox in Plato’s Meno (80d5-e5) echoes Xenophanes’ Frg. 34, by drawing attention to a number of significant similarities of expression and to equally significant points of theoretical tension between the two texts. Bringing into focus such further authors as Protagoras, Gorgias, and Metrodorus of Chius, I claim that Xenophanes’ epistemological option was central to the philosophical debate in the Sophistic milieu, and that here started a “pre-skeptical” reading of Frg. 34, which was to affect Plato’s.
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Светозарский, Алексей Константинович. "Return of the Moscow Theological Academy to the walls of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra in 1948." Церковный историк, no. 1(1) (June 15, 2019): 78–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/chist.2019.1.1.006.
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В настоящей статье читатель узнает об истории возобновления богословской и духовной жизни Московской духовной академии в стенах Троице-Сергиевой Лавры. Постепенно, шаг за шагом в ведение Церкви были переданы исторические здания Московской духовной академии. Во многом благодаря дипломатическому таланту Святейшего Патриарха Алексия, многочисленные письма с просьбами и ходатайствами в Совет по делам Русской Православной Церкви, возглавляемый Г. Г. Карповым, были удовлетворены. Однако это далось не просто. После встречи трёх иерархов нашей Церкви - митрополитов Сергия (Страгородского), Алексия (Симанского) и Николая (Ярушевича) - с главой правительства СССР И. В. Сталиным начался процесс воссоздания системы духовного образования. Но довольствоваться помещениями Новодевичьего монастыря из-за возрастающего количества студентов долго не получилось. Со временем сложилась благоприятная обстановка для возвращения Московской духовной академии в келью преподобного Сергия. Сложностям процесса передачи исторических зданий и посвящена данная статья. In this article the reader will learn about the history of the resumption of theological and spiritual life of the Moscow Theological Academy within the walls of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. Gradually, step by step, the historic buildings of the Moscow Theological Academy were handed over to the Church. Largely due to the diplomatic talent of His Holiness Patriarch Alexis, numerous letters of request and petition to the Council on the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church, headed by G. G. Karpov, were granted. However, this was not easy. After three hierarchs of our Church - Metropolitans Sergii (Stragorodskii), Alexii (Simanskii) and Nikolai (Yarushevich) - met with the head of the USSR government, Stalin, the process of recreating the system of spiritual education began. But it was not possible to be content with the premises of Novodevichy monastery due to the increasing number of students for a long time. Eventually, the conditions were favourable for the return of the Moscow Theological Academy to the cell of the Venerable Sergius. The complexities of the process of transferring the historic buildings are the subject of this article.
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Мерзляков, Кирилл Александрович. "The gastronomic map of Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery in the 16th century." Церковный историк, no. 1(1) (June 15, 2019): 162–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/chist.2019.1.1.012.
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Статья посвящена одной из важных сторон внутренней жизни любого монастыря - монастырской трапезе. Иллюстрацией к этому выбрана традиция монастырской гастрономии, сложившаяся к концу XVI столетия в Успенском Кирилло-Белозерском монастыре. На основании ряда исторических источников, введённых в научный оборот отечественными исследователями начала XX века и настоящего времени, а именно «Келарских книг» и «столовых обиходников» автором данной статьи предпринята попытка представить гастрономическую карту древнерусского северного монастыря. При этом отражено не только количество сырья, но и наименования готовой продукции, меню блюд, характерных для определённой части годового Богослужебного круга. Отражено гостевое меню - блюда, которые подавались на княжеский (царский) и боярский столы. Представлено краткое описание источников поступления продуктов питания и средств для их приобретения. Показана историческая ценность для исследовательской деятельности внутренней монастырской документации, где за перечислением продуктов питания и цифр расхода-прихода стоят взаимоотношения монастыря с окружающим миром, со сферой средневековой этики. The article is devoted to one of the most important aspects of the inner life of any monastery - the monastic meal. It illustrates the tradition of monastic gastronomy, developed by the end of the XVI century in the Uspensky Kirillo-Belozersky monastery. On the basis of a number of historical sources, introduced into a scientific turn by Russian researchers of the beginning of the XX century and nowadays, namely "kelarsky books" and "table books", the author of this article tries to present a gastronomic map of the Old Russian northern monastery. It reflects not only the quantity of raw materials, but also the names of the finished products, the menu of dishes, characteristic for a certain part of the annual liturgical circle. The guest menu - dishes which were served at the princely (tsar's) and boyar's tables - is reflected. A brief description of the sources of foodstuffs and funds for their purchase is provided. It shows the historical value for research of the monastery's internal documentation, where the monastery's relationship with the outside world, with the sphere of medieval ethics, is behind the listing of foodstuffs and the figures of expenditures and incomes.
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Daveloose, Alexis. "FUNERARY TRANSFORMATIONS IN AN ETRUSCO-ITALIC COMMUNITY: SOCIAL DISPLAY AND AUSTERITY IN HELLENISTIC CHIUSI." Papers of the British School at Rome 85 (July 5, 2017): 37–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068246217000034.
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From the end of the third century BC on, the funerary culture of the Etruscan city of Chiusi saw the gradual disappearance of the most expensive containers and tombs. At the same time, there was first a dramatic increase in the number of such monuments, followed by an equally sharp decline in the first century BC. The qualitative development has traditionally been explained using sumptuary laws, which should have constrained funerary expenditure. However, a close examination of the local evidence reveals that this is not only unlikely, but also does not explain the quantitative development and why there was a social and cultural need to constrain these funerary objects in the first place. Using the concepts of distinction and habitus developed by Bourdieu, this paper analyses the developments in Chiusine funerary practice by focusing on social interactions within and between élites and non-élites. This gives both groups agency in a complex social, cultural and political process that caused the criteria for distinction to change, ultimately making funerary culture less important for status differentiation in the rapidly changing context of Hellenistic Italy.
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Первушин, Михаил Викторович. "On the methodology of teaching church history." Церковный историк, no. 1(1) (June 15, 2019): 270–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/chist.2019.1.1.021.
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Статья посвящена вопросам методологии, встающим перед современными исследователями в области гуманитарного знания, в частности проблемам междисциплинарных связей в церковно-исторической науке и опасности редукционизма. Процесс широкой дифференциации научных дисциплин неразрывно связан с образованием в XIX веке. Такое положение обеспечило бурное развитие науки. Примером служат исторические дисциплины Московского университета. Целый ряд учёных историков высказывался за широкое взаимодействие наук при изучении истории. Задачей исторической науки стало избежать редукционизма, уйти от обособленного, узко понимаемого исторического исследования, практиковать его многонаправленность, то есть интегральность. Освободиться истории от однонаправленности помогает филология. Историк, осмысливающий природу социальной информации, которую он воспринимает через исторический источник (как правило, текст), и, с другой стороны, литературовед, исследующий природу информации, воспринимаемой посредством того же текста, выходят за пределы узкопрофессиональных исследовательских целей и задач, и сближение их исследовательских подходов представляется весьма перспективным. Теории и методология, заимствованные из литературоведения, оказали существенное влияние на современное состояние исторического знания. Чем более широким кругом компетенций будет обладать специалист, тем более качественные исследования он сможет осуществлять в рамках конкретной научной области. The article is devoted to methodological issues facing contemporary researchers in the field of humanities, in particular the problems of interdisciplinary links in church-historical scholarship and the dangers of reductionism. The process of wide differentiation of scientific disciplines is inseparably connected with education in XIX century. This situation ensured a rapid development of science. The historical disciplines of Moscow University serve as an example. A number of historians advocated a broad interaction of the sciences in the study of history. The task of historical science was to avoid reductionism, to move away from isolated, narrowly understood historical research, to practice its multidirectionality, i.e. integrality. Philology helps history to free itself from one-sidedness. The historian, who comprehends the nature of social information, which he perceives through a historical source (usually a text), and, on the other hand, the literary scholar, who studies the nature of information perceived through the same text, go beyond narrow professional research goals and objectives, and the convergence of their research approaches seems very promising. The theories and methodology borrowed from literary studies have had a significant impact on the current state of historical knowledge. The broader the range of competences a professional possesses, the better research he/she will be able to carry out within a particular scientific field.
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Hernández, José Antonio, María Espada-Mateos, Javier Abián-Vicén, and Pablo Abián-Vicén. "Curvatura del raquis en escolares y relación del peso de sus mochilas con el grado de incapacidad física en función del sexo (Spine curvature in school children and the relation between backpack weight and degree of physical disability by gender)." Retos, no. 36 (March 15, 2019): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v36i36.67154.
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Objetivo: Analizar la morfología del raquis en escolares, comparar su forma en función del género y relacionar la aparición de anomalías con el peso de sus mochilas y el grado de incapacidad física. Material y Métodos: Se sometió a 219 escolares de entre 12 y 15 años (127 chicos y 92 chicas) a una medición de la situación de los cuerpos vertebrales y de la angulación de la columna torácica, lumbar y sacro-cadera mediante el uso del Spinal Mouse®, se pesaron sus mochilas y respondieron el cuestionario de Roland-Morris. Resultados: Las chicas presentaron mayor angulación en la zona torácica con unos valores de 24.4 ± 16.4º frente a 11.4 ± 17.9º de los chicos (p<0.05). No se encontraron diferencias entre chicos y chicas en la angulación de la zona lumbar, en la angulación de la zona sacro-cadera ni en la longitud de la columna vertebral. Las chicas presentaron mayor número de alteraciones en el raquis (p<0.001) y un mayor peso de las mochilas (p=0.007) que los chicos. En el cuestionario de Roland-Morris no se encontraron diferencias entre el grupo de chicas (1.0 ± 1.6 puntos) y de chicos (0.7 ± 1.3 puntos). Conclusiones: Las diferencias morfológicas encontradas entre chicos y chicas nos indican que los chicos escolares analizados presentan una rectificación de la zona torácica y que las chicas tienen una mayor curvatura entre la mayoría de las vértebras dorsales y lumbares, así como un mayor número de alteraciones en el raquis. Abstract. Objective: To analyze the morphology of the spine in school children, to compare spinal shape depending on gender, and to relate the appearance of anomalies with the weight of their backpacks and the degree of physical disability. Materials and methods: The position of the spinal vertebrae, as well as the thoracic, lumbar, and pelvic curvatures in standing position in 219 school children between 12 and 15 years old (127 boys and 92 girls) were measured using a Spinal Mouse®. Their backpacks were weighed and the students responded the Roland-Morris questionnaire. Results: Girls showed greater values on the thoracic curvature of the spine, with scores of 24.4 ± 16.4º versus 11.4 ± 17.9º in boys (p<0.05). No significant differences were found between boys and girls in the angulation of the lumbar area, in the pelvis tilt, or in the length of the spine. Girls showed more alterations in the spine (p<0.001) and greater backpack weight (p=0.007) than boys. No differences were found in the Roland-Morris questionnaire scores between girls (1.0 ± 1.6 points) and boys (0.7 ± 1.3 points). Conclusions: The morphological differences found between boys and girls indicate that the former present a rectification of the thoracic area, whereas the latter present a greater curvature between most of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, as well as a greater number of spine alterations.
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Colello, R. J., and R. W. Guillery. "The early development of retinal ganglion cells with uncrossed axons in the mouse: retinal position and axonal course." Development 108, no. 3 (March 1, 1990): 515–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.108.3.515.
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The carbocyanine dye, DiI, has been used to study the retinal origin of the uncrossed retinofugal component of the mouse and to show the course taken by these fibres through the optic nerve and chiasm during development. Optic axons first arrive at the chiasm at embryonic day 13 (E13) but do not cross the midline until E14. After this stage, fibres taking an uncrossed course can be selectively labelled by unilateral tract implants of DiI. The earliest ipsilaterally projecting ganglion cells are located in the dorsal central retina. The first sign of the adult pattern of distribution of ganglion cells with uncrossed axons located mainly in the ventrotemporal retina is seen on embryonic day 16.5, thus showing that the adult line of decussation forms early in development. A small number of labelled cells continue to be found in nasal and dorsal retina at all later stages. At early stages (E14-15), retrogradely labelled uncrossed fibres are found in virtually all fascicles of the developing nerve, intermingling with crossed axons throughout the length of the nerve. At later stages of development (E16-17), although uncrossed fibres pass predominantly within the temporal part of the stalk, they remain intermingled with crossed axons. A significant number of uncrossed axons also lie within the nasal part of the optic stalk. The position of uncrossed fibres throughout the nerve in the later developmental stages is comparable to that seen in the adult rodent (Baker and Jeffery, 1989). The distribution of uncrossed axons thus indicates that positional cues are not sufficient to account for the choice made by axons when they reach the optic chiasm.
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Липовецкий, Павел Евгеньевич. "Liberal clergy organisations during the 1905-1907 revolution." Церковный историк, no. 2(2) (August 15, 2019): 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/chist.2019.2.2.009.
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Статья посвящена истории становления организаций либерального духовенства в годы Первой русской революции (1905-1907) Политический кризис, начавшийся в Российской империи в 1905 г., поставил духовенство Православной Церкви перед необходимостью определить свою позицию по ряду общественных вопросов. Значительная часть клириков высказала симпатии либеральному направлению в политике. Наиболее крупные организации либерального духовенства сложились в Санкт-Петербурге и Москве. Сменившая несколько названий, столичная организация, выросшая из группы 32-х пастырей, в определённой степени пользовались поддержкой правящего архиерея - митр. Антония (Вадковского). Клирики имели возможность высказываться на собраниях и со страниц периодической печати. В свою очередь представители московского духовенства объединились на базе «Общества любителей духовного просвещения». Однако вскоре члены Общества вступили в конфликт с митр. Владимиром (Богоявленским), что заставило их искать поддержки у партии «Союз 17 октября». Это привело к созданию независимой от церковного начальства организации, получившей название «Вероисповедная комиссия при Союзе 17 октября». В программном отношении организации либерального духовенства схожи между собой. Первоначальной темой обсуждения в них были вопросы церковного преобразования, но позднее общественные темы приобрели больший вес. В провинции на данный момент объединений либерального духовенства выявить не удалось. Тем не менее прослеживается деятельность отдельных клириков. The article is devoted to the history of formation of liberal clergy organizations in the years of the First Russian revolution (1905-1907) The political crisis which began in the Russian Empire in 1905 made the Orthodox clergy to define their position on a number of social questions. A large proportion of the clergy expressed sympathy for the liberal trend in politics. The largest organisations of liberal clergy emerged in St Petersburg and Moscow. The organisation in the capital, which had grown out of a group of 32 pastors, had the support of the ruling bishop, Metropolitan Anthony (Vadkovsky), to a certain extent. The clerics were able to speak out at meetings and in the press. Representatives of the Moscow clergy in their turn united on the basis of the 'Society of Lovers of Spiritual Enlightenment'. However, members of the Society soon came into conflict with Metropolitan Vladimir (Bogoyavlensky), which compelled them to seek support from the October 17th Union party. This led to the creation of an organization independent of church authorities called the Faith-Based Commission under the October 17th Union. In programmatic terms, the liberal clergy organizations were similar. Their initial topic of discussion was ecclesiastical conversion, but later social topics acquired greater weight. No liberal clergy associations could be traced in the provinces at present. Nevertheless, the activities of individual clerics can be traced.
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Husain, Syekh Ahmad Arafat, Tommy Rizky Hutagalung, and Muhammad Deni Nasution. "Trend of Improvement in Visual Field Deficits after Transsphenoidal Endoscopic Surgery in Pituitary Tumour Patients: A Case Series." Asian Australasian Neuro and Health Science Journal (AANHS-J) 3, no. 3 (December 27, 2021): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/aanhsj.v3i3.7608.
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Abstract
Introduction: Pituitary tumours account for approximately 15% of all brain tumours, and the growing tumours press against the optic chiasm, resulting in impairment of visual function manifested as visual field defects, decreased visual acuity, and decreased color vision . Compression of the optic chiasm by pituitary tumours generally results in selective loss of the temporal VFs, or bitemporal hemianopia, implying that the nasal retinal fibers are preferentially damaged. The reason for this preferential damage is not fully understood. Transsphenoidal surgery has been reported to safely reduce the pressure on the anterior visual pathway in most patients. Improvement in visual function may occur after transsphenoidal decompression of the chiasm. Because improvement in visual function may occur from a variety of proposed biologic processes.
Case Series : The number of patients according to gender was 71% male (10 people) while 29% female (4 people). The age distribution was found mostly at the age of 40-50 years 36% (5 people). The most common clinical symptoms were field disturbances 85% (12 people). Patients complained of visual field disturbances for 1-2 years as many as 58% (7 people). Vision before surgery is /6 as much as 45% (4 people). Improvements in vision were found for 1 month postoperatively as much as 22% (2 people).
Discussion : Compression of the optic chiasm by pituitary tumours generally results in selective loss of the temporal VFs, or bitemporal hemianopia, implying that the nasal retinal fibers are preferentially damaged. The minimally invasive transsphenoidal approach can be used effectively for 95% of pituitary tumours. Exceptions are those large tumours with significant temporal or anterior cranial fossa extension. In such circumstances, transcranial approaches are often more appropriate. Occasionally, combined transsphenoidal and transcranial approaches are used. Nevertheless, some surgeons extend the basic transsphenoidal exposure in order to remove some of these tumours and avoid a craniotomy . Potential mechanisms of axonal injury from a compressive lesion include direct disruption of conduction along the axon, impaired axoplasmic flow, demyelination with impaired signal conduction, and ischemia from compression or stretching of the blood supply of the chiasm by the tumour. An early fast phase of improvement is consistent with restoration of signal conduction along retinal ganglion cell axons after removal of a compressive lesion.In some individuals, we observed the rapid restoration of normal vision, which would be consistent with this hypothesis. In these individuals, a physiologic conduction block is presumably the main mechanism of injury.
Conclusion: The pattern of improvement of visual function after decompression of the anterior visual pathways suggests three phases of improvement. Improvement in visual function may occur after transsphenoidal decompression of the chiasm. Because improvement in visual function may occur from a variety of proposed biologic processes, we sought to better define this potential for improvement.
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Hodges, Richard, Sheila Gibson, and John Mitchell. "The making of a monastic city. The architecture of San Vincenzo al Volturno in the ninth century." Papers of the British School at Rome 65 (November 1997): 233–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068246200010643.
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LA COSTITUZIONE DI UNA CITTÀ MONASTICA. L'ARCHITETTURA DI SAN VINCENZO AL VOLTURNO NEL NONO SECOLOQuesto articolo esamina l'architettura del nono secolo del monastero alto medievale di San Vincenzo al Volturno nella regione di Molise. L'articolo prende in considerazione l'ampia gamma di costruzioni rinvenute negli ultimi quindici anni di scavo, compreso la grande chiesa abbaziale, San Vincenzo Maggiore, il palazzo degli ospiti di riguardo, il chiostro, le officine e le strutture in legno del vicus del monastero. Il lavoro fa riferimento a un ampio numero di paralleli per queste costruzioni sia nella penisola italiana che nell'Europa continentale.
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Jørstad, Øystein Kalsnes, Andreas Reidar Wigers, Pål Bache Marthinsen, Morten Carstens Moe, and Johan Arild Evang. "Loss of horizontal macular ganglion cell complex asymmetry: an optical coherence tomography indicator of chiasmal compression." BMJ Open Ophthalmology 3, no. 1 (October 2018): e000195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2018-000195.
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ObjectiveTo estimate the macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) asymmetry in patients with suprasellar tumours, to compare its diagnostic performance to the nasal GCC thickness and visual field (VF) and to investigate how the parameters correlate with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.Methods and analysisCross-sectional study of patients with suprasellar tumours affecting the optic chiasm. Macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans were evaluated for nasal GCC sector thinning and loss of normal GCC asymmetry between corresponding nasal-temporal sectors. Equivalently, VFs were analysed for defects compatible with chiasm dysfunction. The relationship between optic chiasm and tumour was measured on MRI.ResultsThirty-three eyes of 33 patients were included. There were OCT findings in 14 eyes. Nasal GCC thinning was found in 9 eyes and loss of GCC asymmetry in 12 eyes; the two parameters were not significantly different with respect to number of positive findings (p=0.45). Loss of GCC asymmetry, however, occurred in 5 eyes among 24 without GCC thinning (proportion 0.21; 95% confidence interval 0.071 to 0.42). In 8 eyes, VF indicated pathology; of these, 7 had concurring OCT findings. The prevalence of OCT and VF findings increased significantly with suprasellar tumour extension on MRI.ConclusionThe diagnostic capabilities of nasal GCC thinning and loss of GCC asymmetry were comparable, whilst their complementary performances increased the proportion of eyes in which OCT suggested compression. The prevalence of both OCT and VF findings grew with suprasellar tumour extension. In several cases, however, structural findings on OCT preceded detectable VF deficits.
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Elalfy, Mohsen Saleh, Amal El-Beshlawy, Amira Adly, Fatma Soliman Elsayed Ebeid, Caroline Fradette, David Lee, Noemi T. Temin, Fernando Tricta, Anna Rozova, and Mona Hamdy. "Safety and Efficacy of Early-Start Deferiprone in Infants and Young Children with Beta-Thalassemia (START study)." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 3070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-147595.
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Abstract Background: Patients with beta-thalassemia may need to start receiving regular red blood cell transfusions as early as infancy. In the absence of iron chelation therapy, frequent transfusions cause iron to accumulate in the body, which can lead to morbidity, organ damage, and death. However, in very young children, current practice is to delay chelation therapy until receipt of 10-20 transfusions, or until the patient's serum ferritin (SF) level has reached 1000 μg/L, due to concerns over excessive iron depletion observed with the parenteral iron chelator deferoxamine. Unfortunately, this delay may increase the risk of iron accumulation in endocrine glands such as the pancreas, pituitary, and thyroid, where toxicities could manifest later in life. The START study (NCT03591575) evaluated the safety and efficacy of the oral iron chelator deferiprone (DFP) in children with transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia who did not yet meet the criteria for starting chelation therapy as per standard practice. Methods: Infants and children who had started on a regular blood transfusion regimen, received a minimum of 2 transfusions, and whose SF level was between 200 and 600 μg/L were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive either (DFP) oral solution or a matching volume of placebo until their SF levels exceeded 1000 μg/L at 2 consecutive visits or they completed 12 months of therapy, whichever occurred first. The dosage of DFP was initiated at 25 mg/kg/day and increased to 50 mg/kg/day after 2 weeks; based on iron load, the dosage was then increased to 75 mg/kg/day for some patients. All adverse events (AEs) were reported and assessed for causality. Efficacy was assessed by monthly SF measurements to monitor iron load, with the primary efficacy endpoint being the percentage of patients in each group whose SF was still below the 1000 μg/L threshold. Once withdrawn, the patients were to receive standard chelation therapy, as recommended by their primary care physician. Results: The study enrolled 64 patients; 32 in each group. The mean (SD) age was 3.03 (2.42) years in the DFP group and 2.63 (1.70) years in the placebo group; the participants were 62.5% and 65.6% male in the DFP and placebo groups, respectively. There were no statistical group differences in the baseline demographics. The primary reason for withdrawal was SF levels that exceeded 1000 μg/L at 2 consecutive visits, which occurred in 25% of patients receiving DFP compared with 63% of patients receiving placebo (P=0.0051). After completing 12 months of treatment, 65.6% of patients receiving DFP had a SF level <1000 mg/L compared with 37.5% receiving placebo (P=0.0446). The percentage of patients who reached the 1000 mg/L SF threshold increased more rapidly in the placebo group compared with the DFP group, and the difference in rates between the 2 groups was significant (P=0.0407). A summary of adverse events (AEs) is shown in Table 1. There were no significant group differences in the number of overall AEs (P=1.0000), serious AEs (P=0.4258), or the number of AEs that were considered to be at least possibly related to the study treatment (P=1.0000). Two patients receiving DFP withdrew from the study due to AEs: 1 patient experienced agranulocytosis and 1 patient experienced neutropenia of moderate severity and both patients recovered. Conclusions: Initiation of DFP chelation therapy at a lower threshold of SF values than currently recommended was safe and efficacious in preventing iron overload in most transfusion-dependent children. After 12 months of treatment, the number of patients below the SF threshold was significantly higher in the DFP group compared with the placebo group. Moreover, there was a significant difference in the number of patients who withdrew due to elevated SF levels in the placebo group (62.5%) compared with the DFP group (25%). The safety and tolerability profile of DFP administered for up to 12 months in infants and young children was comparable to the profile established in older age groups and there were no instances of iron depletion. Disclosures: This study was sponsored by Chiesi Global Rare Diseases, and medical writing support was provided by Kelsey Hodge-Hanson, PhD, of Oxford PharmaGenesis Inc., Newtown, PA, and funded by Chiesi. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Fradette: Chiesi Canada Corp: Current Employment. Lee: Chiesi Canada Corp: Current Employment. Temin: Chiesi Canada Corp: Current Employment. Tricta: Chiesi Canada Corp: Current Employment. Rozova: Chiesi Canada Corp: Current Employment. Hamdy: Novartis: Honoraria; Roche: Honoraria; NovoNordisk: Honoraria; Bayer: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria; ApoPharma: Honoraria.
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Lombardi, Andrea. "Il diavolo in corpo: una lettura del Decameron di Giovanni Boccaccio." Alea : Estudos Neolatinos 14, no. 2 (December 2012): 180–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-106x2012000200003.
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Considerare il Decameron esclusivamente un "classico" non rende giustiza alla sua struttura narrativa geometrica e complessa. Poiché ognuno dei suoi aspetti rivela il potenziale sovversivo della sua macchina narrativa. Le cento novelle con la loro cornice, che descrive l'epidemia della peste nera del 1348, ne fanno il primo libro organico della narrativa occidentale: un testo con una architettura peculiare. Una lettura attenta, però, può individuare una nuova novella, quella di numero 101 (nell'Introduzione alla quarta giornata): ciò che rivela la crisi finale della struttura chiusa, dell'architettura pianificata. Ciappelletto, protagonista della prima novella, diviene Santo da "peggiore uomo del mondo" che era; mentre Griselda, eroina dell'ultima delle cento novelle, mostra che la sua iperbolica virtù si trasforma in cinismo crudele. Così il Decameron crea il proprio futuro, rappresentando una mimesi ampia della sua epoca e, allo stesso tempo, avviando una rottura radicale ironica, o meglio elusiva: modello della commedia rinascimentale e dell'ermeneutica, nell'uso radicale dell'ironia. Possiamo forse considerare il Decameron una risposta istigante alla domanda attuale sulla natura di ciò che è contemporaneo.
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Doglietto, Francesco, Daniel Monte-Serrat Prevedello, Francesco Belotti, Marco Ferrari, Davide Lancini, Alberto Schreiber, Elena Raffetti, et al. "The Superior Hypophyseal Arteries: Anatomical Study with an Endoscopic Endonasal Perspective." Operative Neurosurgery 17, no. 3 (January 11, 2019): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ons/opy393.
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AbstractBACKGROUNDThe use of high-definition endoscopes in extended transsphenoidal approaches to the suprasellar area has significantly improved visualization of its vascularization.OBJECTIVETo systematically examine the superior hypophyseal arteries (SHAs) anatomy from an endonasal endoscopic perspective.METHODSThe endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal trans-tuberculum approach was performed in 19 adult, fresh and latex injected specimens. Dissections recordings were reviewed to analyze SHAs type, number, and branches, as well as internal carotid arteries (ICA) branches that vascularized optic nerves and chiasm.RESULTSIdentification of SHAs was possible in all specimens (37/38 sides). The number of SHAs varied from 1 to 3 per side (mean: 1.7). The anterior superior hypophyseal artery was visible in almost all cases (35/37 sides) and originated at the level of the carotid cave in 18/35 specimens; number of branches ranged from 1 to 6 (mean: 3.5), directed to the optic nerve (86%), chiasm (57%), infundibulum (86%), and/or parallel to the pituitary stalk (74%). The 4 main branches and patterns, originally described by McConnell in 1953, were confirmed. The posterior superior hypophyseal artery was evident in 28/37 sides with number of branches ranging from 0 to 4 (mean: 2.1), directed to the optic chiasm (50%), optic tract (32%), infundibulum (79%), and/or pituitary stalk (36%). The surgical implications of this study, together with anatomical and clinical videos, are also briefly discussed.CONCLUSIONSHAs constitute a complex of anterior and posterior branches that stem from the medial ICA with different patterns, vascularizing the optic apparatus and pituitary stalk.
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Jemielity, Witold. "Ambona w Księstwie Warszawskim i Królestwie Polskim dla ogłoszeń cywilnych." Prawo Kanoniczne 43, no. 1-2 (June 5, 2000): 141–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/pk.2000.43.1-2.07.
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Nel secolo XIX dal pulpito della Chiesa (Ambona) mettevano linformazioni dei diversi avvenimenti statali, amministrativi e locali. II Governo spediva diversi scritti ai vescovi, e quelli mandavano ai decani delle parrocchie e in consequenza parroci erano come messagieri nell’altre parrocchie. II processo di leggere annunzi occupava tanto tempo, perfino a prezzo di tempo dell’insegnamento della Chiesa. I sacerdoti trattavano questo tanto spesso come spiacevole obbligo. Il più grande numero degli abitanti dei villagii e delle cittadine non sapevano di leggere. Alcune notizie alla gente tramandavano i sindaci ma di più parroci. Gli annunzi civili riguardavano dei diversi problemi. I fedeli erano informati degli avvenimenti politici: degli imperatori, delle guerre, della pace e dei più importanti personaggi ufficiali. II Govrno informava delle mallatie della gente e degli animali. Avvertiva d avvanti degli incendi. Emanava i decreti dei mendicanti. Dedicava tanta attenzione ai giovani uomini i quali stavano davvanti all’obbligo del servizio militare. Informava dei cambiamenti e di dogliere i soldi dalla circolazione. Raccomandava di piantare degli alberi a lungo delle strade. Stabiliva i principi del commercio nel paese e come pure d’esportare merce. Annunziava i termini di pagare 1’imposte. Regolava nei villaggi le questioni delle proprietà privati. Si interessava d’emigrazione delle gente, del trattamento degli annimali e pure delle lotterie e dei scavi archeologici. L’autore elaborato questi probierni solamento sull’appogio dei fonti d’rchivio.
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Liang, Cheng-Loong, Kang Lu, Po-Chou Liliang, and Han-Jung Chen. "Gamma Knife surgery for optic glioma." Journal of Neurosurgery 113, Special_Supplement (December 2010): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2010.7.gks10945.
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Optic pathway/hypothalamic gliomas represent approximately 2%–5% of brain tumors in children. Total excision, subtotal excision, subtotal excision followed by irradiation, radiation therapy alone, chemotherapy, and no treatment at all have been reported. In this article the authors discuss the results of Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) for optic gliomas in 2 children. Two pediatric patients, a boy and a girl, underwent GKS for optic gliomas at our hospital between March 2005 and August 2005. The children's ages were 10 and 16 years at presentation. The histological diagnosis was confirmed to be pilocytic astrocytoma in both cases. The tumor involved the optic chiasm in 1 patient and the right optic nerve in the other patient. Treatments were planned with the prescription of 11 Gy to the 50% isodose line for the optic chiasm glioma and 15 Gy to the 50% isodose line for the optic nerve glioma. In both patients, GKS was well tolerated. The follow-up periods were 60 and 55 months. Complete response with near-total disappearance of the tumors was observed in both patients. During the follow-up period, neither of the patients developed any endocrine dysfunction. Gamma Knife surgery permits treatment of optic glioma with good tumor control and no clinically relevant morbidity. With the ability to deliver a high dose to the tumor while sparing normal brain tissue, especially the optic nerve, optic chiasm, and pituitary gland, GKS should be the choice of treatment for optic gliomas. A larger number of patients and long-term follow-up are required for further evaluation of the efficacy and potential side effects of GKS.
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Budge, Ian. "ANTHONY DOWNS, MAESTRO DI MOLTI MODELLI." Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica 33, no. 3 (December 2003): 375–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0048840200027398.
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IntroduzioneSe venisse chiesto loro di elencare i più importanti testi della disciplina degli ultimi cinquanta anni, molti scienziati politici — probabilmente un gran numero se non la maggioranza — opterebbero per Una teoria economica della democrazia. È un fenomeno quasi unico che questo libro sia più citato cinquanta anni dopo che all'epoca della sua pubblicazione, pur avendo attratto l'attenzione anche allora. È stato un testo seminale per lo sviluppo dell'approccio della «scelta razionale», ora egemonico nella disciplina. E il suo influsso si è esteso ben oltre la cerchia di chi fa uso di modelli matematici, sino a informare la prospettiva della gran parte degli scienziati politici del pianeta — non male per una tesi di Ph. D solo un po' rielaborata!
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Fattorini, Mattia, Calistus Wilunda, Gloria Raguzzoni, Cecilia Quercioli, Gabriele Messina, Maria Pia Fantini, and Giovanni Putoto. "Strengthening Routine Immunization Services in an Angolan Comuna: The Fight against the Burden of Unvaccinated Children in the Sustainable Development Goals Era." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22 (November 19, 2019): 4572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224572.
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In May 2018, the non-governmental organization (NGO) Doctors with Africa CUAMM began to implement an intervention to strengthen Chiulo Hospital’s public health section to deliver immunization services in Mucope Comuna, Ombadja District. We aimed to evaluate the effect of this intervention. During the intervention period, actions such as staff training, improvement in the monitoring of vaccine stockpile, and the involvement of Community Health Workers were performed. The effects of the intervention on the number of vaccine doses administered were examined using negative binomial regression. Doses administered were 14,221 during the intervention period and 11,276 in the pre-intervention one. The number of administered doses was 26% higher (95% CI 9%–45%) in the intervention period than in the pre-intervention period. This was driven by vaccine doses administered during outreach sessions, where a statistically significant increase of 62% (95% CI 28%–107%) was observed. Regarding individual vaccines, statistically significant increases in the number of doses were observed for OPV2 (76%), OPV3 (100%), Penta3 (53%), PCV3 (53%), and Rota2 (43%). The NGO interventions led to improved delivery of immunization services in the study area. Greater increases were observed for vaccine doses that are more likely to be missed by children.
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Favretto, Ilaria, Marco Meriggi, David Laven, Giulia Albanese, and John Foot. "Round Table. The ‘British School’ and Italian Historiography." Modern Italy 22, no. 4 (September 20, 2017): 471–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mit.2017.46.
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Italian summaryI contributi sopra intendono riflettere sulla cosiddetta ‘scuola britannica’ di storici e ricercatori specializzati nello studio dell’Italia moderna e contemporanea. Facendo seguito ad una tavola rotonda tenutasi durante il Convegno ASMI 2016, abbiamo chiesto a coloro che vi hanno partecipato di pubblicare i propri interventi nella forma di brevi saggi. In essi viene discussa l’influenza della storiografia britannica sullo studio della storia italiana dal diciannovesimo secolo fino al Fascismo e il ventesimo secolo. Gli autori dei saggi riflettono pure sul ruolo e l’uso della storia in Italia, la strumentalizzazione di dibattitti storiografici che ha a lungo contraddistinto la politica italiana, editoria e strategie di divulgazione del sapere storico. Tutto ciò con un occhio di riguardo alla vita e alla produzione scientifica di Christopher Duggan a cui è dedicato questo numero speciale della rivista.
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Shrieve, Dennis C., Lisa Hazard, Kenneth Boucher, and Randy L. Jensen. "Dose fractionation in stereotactic radiotherapy for parasellar meningiomas: radiobiological considerations of efficacy and optic nerve tolerance." Journal of Neurosurgery 101, Supplement3 (November 2004): 390–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/sup.2004.101.supplement3.0390.
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Object. Benign meningiomas have been shown to be equally well controlled with single-dose radiosurgery (15 Gy) and fractionated doses of 54 Gy in 30 fractions after adequate follow up. For a subset of patients with meningioma, the optic apparatus is dose limiting when considering single-dose stereotactic radiosurgery, with tolerance estimated to be 8 to 10 Gy. Recently, hypofractionated regimens have been used to treat benign meningiomas with a small number of fractions. An analysis of the expected efficacy of hypofractionation compared with the estimated optic tolerance to fractionated radiotherapy was undertaken. Methods. Using the assumption that 15 Gy in one fraction and 54 Gy in 30 fractions are isoeffective for control of benign meningioma, an α/β for meningioma is calculated to be 3.28 Gy. Invoking a 10% error for these doses (15 Gy ± 10% is equivalent to 54 Gy ± 10%) results in upper and lower limits of the estimate for α/β of 3.85 Gy and 2.7 Gy. Using these estimates, isoeffect curves for control of meningioma were constructed for fraction numbers of one to 45. Best estimates of optic nerve/chiasm tolerance to single doses of radiation are 8 to 10 Gy, with the reported incidence of optic neuropathy increasing significantly at higher doses. This is consistent with the optic ret model, which also predicts for optic tolerance following fractionated radiotherapy. Comparison of optic tolerance and estimates of efficacious doses at fraction numbers between one and 30 were made. Statistical estimates of patient numbers and duration of follow up required to rule out optic neuropathy following radiotherapy were made. Single doses of radiation required to treat benign meningioma optimally (13.5–16.5 Gy) clearly exceed the estimated and reported clinical tolerance of the optic nerves and chiasm. The application of equivalent biological doses in a small number of fractions continues to exceed optic tolerance until at least 25 fractions are applied. Conclusions. The use of small numbers of fractions to treat patients with meningioma when portions of optic nerve or chiasm receive full dose may result in undertreatment of the tumor and/or exceeding optic nerve tolerance. In such cases standard fractionation is recommended. Ruling out a low, yet unacceptable, risk of optic neuropathy may require the close study of many patients with long-term follow-up evaluation.
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FIKÁČEK, MARTIN, and SAVERIO ROCCHI. "Cercyon hungaricus, a new junior subjective synonym of C. bononiensis (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)." Zootaxa 3616, no. 1 (February 18, 2013): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3616.1.8.
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Cercyon bononiensis Chiesa, 1964 was described from two specimens collected in northern Italy in 1924–1925. For some time, these specimens were identified as C. inquinatus Wollaston, 1854. Only 40 years later, having examined the type of the latter species, Chiesa (1964) realized that the two specimens belonged to an undescribed species that he then described as Cercyon bononiensis. Based on the chagrined elytra mentioned in the original description, C. bononiensis has been placed in the Cercyon tristis group by subsequent authors. Recently, we examined a small number of Cercyon specimens from northern Italy and surprisingly found two specimens of C. hungaricus Endrödy-Younga, 1967, an easily recognizable member of the C. tristis group which was previously considered a Pannonian endemic by Fikáček et al. (2009) but was recently also found in northern Germany (Bäse 2010). The presence of this unusual species led us to question whether C. hungaricus might be conspecific with C. bononiensis. This was subsequently confirmed by the study of the types of both species. Here, we provide a summary of our studies and synonymize C. hungaricus with C. bononiensis. Examined specimens are deposited in the following collections: Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary (HNHM), Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Milano, Italy (MSNM), collection of S. Rocchi at the Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Università di Firenze, Sezione di Zoologia "La Specola" (CRO).
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Kuo, John S., Cheng Yu, Steven L. Giannotta, Zbigniew Petrovich, and Michael L. J. Apuzzo. "The Leksell Gamma Knife Model U versus Model C: A Quantitative Comparison of Radiosurgical Treatment Parameters." Neurosurgery 55, no. 1 (July 1, 2004): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000126880.33125.e6.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE: We present a quantitative comparison of radiosurgery treatments for cavernous sinus tumors using the Leksell gamma knife Model U versus the Model C with automatic positioning system (APS) (Elekta Instruments, Norcross, GA). METHODS: At our medical center from August 1994 through May 2000, the Model U was used to treat 96 patients (37 men [39%] and 59 women [61%]; median age, 54.5 yr) with benign cavernous sinus tumors: 43 meningiomas (45%), 48 pituitary tumors (50%), and 5 others (5%). From June 2000 through April 2002, the Model C with APS treated 45 patients (20 men [44%] and 25 women [56%]; median age, 51.4 yr) with 15 meningiomas (33%), 29 pituitary tumors (65%), and 1 schwannoma (2%). The two groups had similar treated tumor volumes (Model U mean, 4.3 cm3; Model C mean, 4.2 cm3), equivalent tumor distances from critical structures (optic nerve, chiasm, and pons), comparable distributions in Sekhar tumor grades, and the same median prescribed dose of 15 Gy to the 50% isodose line at the tumor periphery. All planning and treatments were performed by the same radiosurgery team to minimize dosage to adjacent critical tissues and to optimize conformity index. RESULTS: Analysis of multiple treatment parameters showed that the Model C plans were superior. Model C treatments had an improved conformity index (Model U mean, 1.7; Model C mean, 1.6; P < 0.02) and a lower underdosed tumor volume (Model U mean, 0.4 cm3; Model C mean, 0.1 cm3; P < 0.004). The total treated volume and the excess treated volume were similar. The Model C group had a reduction in optic chiasm dose (Model C mean dose, 3.8 Gy; Model U mean dose, 5.3 Gy; P < 0.0001). The average number of isocenters was slightly higher for the Model C group (6.7 versus 6 for the Model U), but with a lower mean number of collimator sizes (1 versus 2 for the Model U). Model C plans required a mean of 93 fewer plugs per treatment, thus contributing to an estimated 67.6 minutes saved per treatment session. CONCLUSION: Comparison of radiosurgery treatments using the Leksell gamma knife Model U versus the Model C with APS was performed by quantitative analysis of treatment parameters on a cohort of benign cavernous sinus tumors. Treatment plans using the Model C resulted in better tumor coverage (improved conformity, less underdosed tumor volume) and decreased optic chiasm dose. An estimated average of 1 hour was saved per treatment when using the Model C with APS.
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Santoro, Elisabetta. "Richieste e attenuazione: un confronto tra italiano e portoghese brasiliano." Normas 7, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/normas.v7i2.11173.
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Lo studio, inserito nell'ambito della pragmatica cross-culturale, si concentra sull'atto linguistico della richiesta ed è stato realizzato sulla base di dati raccolti tramite un DCT (Discourse Completion Test) scritto, inviato elettronicamente a parlanti nativi di italiano e di portoghese brasiliano nella loro rispettiva lingua materna. Agli informatori è stato chiesto di scrivere che cosa avrebbero detto nelle situazioni descritte, le cui principali variabili erano il grado di imposizione e la distanza sociale tra gli interlocutori. L'obiettivo della ricerca, che grazie allo strumento utilizzato permette di raccogliere un elevato numero di dati ed è ampliabile e replicabile, è quello di analizzare contrastivamente i dati raccolti nelle due lingue, identificando la presenza di attenuatori all'interno della richiesta e l'effetto delle variabili selezionate, al fine di osservare analogie e differenze e, soprattutto, ricorrenze che possano rappresentare punti di riferimento anche per ricerche future. In questo articolo verranno presentati i primi risultati sulla base di un campione composto da 30 parlanti nativi di italiano e 30 di portoghese brasiliano.
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Krogh, Jesper, Caroline N. Kistorp, Bahram Jafar-Mohammadi, Aparna Pal, Simon Cudlip, and Ashley Grossman. "Transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary tumours: frequency and predictors of delayed hyponatraemia and their relationship to early readmission." European Journal of Endocrinology 178, no. 3 (March 2018): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-17-0879.
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Objective A major cause of readmission after transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) is delayed hyponatraemia. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of hyponatraemia one week post surgery and predictors of 30-day readmissions for hyponatraemia. Design A retrospective cohort study including patients who had TSS performed for pituitary lesions. Method The risk of readmission for hyponatraemia was assessed in consecutive patients between January 2008 and March 2016. The risk of hyponatraemia one week post surgery was assessed in patients admitted for TSS between July 2011 and March 2016. Results Of all included patients, 56/522 (10.7%) were readmitted within 30 days. Hyponatraemia was found in 14/56 (25%) of 30-day readmissions. We did not identify any predictive variable for hyponatraemia on readmission. The number of patients with hyponatraemia on the seventh post-operative day was 26/314 (8.3%). The risk of hyponatraemia one week post surgery was increased by an odds ratio of 2.40 (95% CI: 1.06–5.40) in patients with a tumour abutting the optic chiasm and by an odds ratio of 1.16 (1.04–1.31) per mmol/L decrease in sodium levels on the first post-operative day. Conclusions Hyponatraemia occurred in 25% of readmissions; however, we did not identify any predictive variable for readmission with hyponatraemia. One week post surgery, 8.9% had hyponatraemia. Tumours pressing on the optic chiasm as well as a fall in sodium levels on the first post-operative day were associated with an increased risk of hyponatraemia one week post surgery. We suggest that a day 7 serum sodium <130 nmol/L should lead to concern and the provision of patient advice.
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Saj, Marek. "Konstytutywne elementy domu zakonnego." Prawo Kanoniczne 51, no. 3-4 (December 10, 2008): 147–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/pk.2008.51.3-4.07.
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La casa religiosa, chiamata talvolta «monastero», secondo il diritto universale della Chiesa e il diritto proprio del rispettivo istituto di vita consacrata, è il luogo di abitazione di una comunità religiosa. Anche se essa non può essere associata esclusivamente con un posto materiale, è proprio questo elemento che il legislatore ecclesiastico mette a fuoco. Il numero stesso delle norme di codice dedicate alla casa religiosa dimostra la sua importanza nella vita religiosa. Lo manifestano per esempio: l’obbligo di stare nella propria casa religiosa, la necessità di chiedere il permesso di stare fuori di essa, nonchè diverse sanzioni penali che possono essere imposte nel caso in cui tali esigenze non vengano soddisfatte. Particolari norme vengono applicate alle case di noviziato dove l’assenza del candidato può perfino rendere invalida la sua professione religiosa, emessa dopo il noviziato. Il legislatore, definendo gli essenziali elementi legali della casa religiosa, voleva garantire una corretta vita fraterna all’interno della comunità di persone dedite a Dio nella vita consacrata. Le esigenze soprammenzionate confermano che sia giusto prendere in considerazione tali elementi costitutivi.
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Kahovec, Chantal, and Michael C. Levin. "Stabilization Without Rituximab After Disease Activation in an Alemtuzumab-Treated Patient with Multiple Sclerosis and a Literature Overview." International Journal of MS Care 21, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2018-030.
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Abstract There has been an increasing number of reports describing B-cell–associated disease activation in patients with multiple sclerosis after alemtuzumab treatment. Herein, 4.5 months after a first alemtuzumab infusion, a 33-year-old female patient had altered gait and vision loss associated with gadolinium enhancement of the optic nerves and chiasm on brain magnetic resonance imaging. The patient's blood showed normal B-cell counts concurrent with abnormally low T-cell counts. The patient stabilized after receiving steroids and prolonged plasma exchange without the use of rituximab. This case report adds to the growing body of literature of B-cell–associated disease activation after alemtuzumab infusion and provides a therapeutic strategy to stabilize patients when rituximab is not readily available or if contraindications to its use exist.
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Lis, Marek. "Filmowe Marie z Nazaretu: XXI wiek." Studia Filmoznawcze 40 (June 27, 2019): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0860-116x.40.4.
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Mary of Nazareth in 21st-century films Mary of Nazareth is for the Christians a particular figure: she is Mother of Jesus, mentioned in the New Testament. Since Jesus became protagonist of hundreds of films, also Mary has been present in numer-ous films: thus she can be found in cinematic adaptations of the Gospel, while she accompanies Jesus during his childhood, or his Passion, but usually she is not not the main character. Several publications interpret Mary in films e.g., by Catherin O’Brien or Reinhold Zwick. The paper analyzes images of Mary in three recent films: in The Passion of the Christ dir. Mel Gibson, 2004 there is a particular rapport between her and the suffering Son, in Let it be dir. Guido Chiesa, 2010 near feminist Mary becomes an independent woman, whose understanding is necessary to understand Jesus, in The Star dir. Timothy Reckart, 2017, an animation on the birth of Jesus, the pleasant figure of Mary lacks a serious psychological dimension.
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Babarina, M. B. "Syndrome "empty" Turkish saddle." Problems of Endocrinology 45, no. 3 (June 15, 1999): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl11772.
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The syndrome of the "empty" Turkish saddle (PTS) is one of the poorly studied problems of neuroendocrinology. The urgency of this problem has increased at the present time with the widespread use in the diagnosis of the non-invasive method of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as with the increase in the number of patients exposed to radiation, surgical, combined exposure due to pituitary adenoma.
The term "PTS syndrome" should be understood as the prolapse of the suprasellar tank into the cavity of the Turkish saddle with the pituitary gland spreading along the bottom and walls of the Turkish saddle, accompanied by endocrine, neurological and visual impairment. There are primary (idiopathic) and secondary PTS, which occurs after radiation, surgical and combined methods of treatment of diseases of the chiasm-sellar region. This review will focus mainly on primary PTS syndrome.
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Trousse, Françoise, Elisa Martí, Peter Gruss, Miguel Torres, and Paola Bovolenta. "Control of retinal ganglion cell axon growth: a new role for Sonic hedgehog." Development 128, no. 20 (October 15, 2001): 3927–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.128.20.3927.
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Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons grow towards the diencephalic ventral midline during embryogenesis guided by cues whose nature is largely unknown. We provide in vitro and in vivo evidence for a novel role of Sonic hedgehog (SHH) as a negative regulator of growth cone movement. SHH suppresses both the number and the length of neurites emerging from the chick retina but not from neural tube or dorsal root ganglia explants, without interfering with their rate of proliferation and differentiation. Similarly, retroviral-mediated ectopic expression of Shh along the chick visual pathway greatly interferes the growth of RGC axons. Upon SHH addition to grown neurites, the intracellular level of cAMP decreases, suggesting that the dampening of growth cone extension mediated by SHH may involve interaction with its receptor Patched which is expressed by RGC. Based on these findings, we propose that Shh expression at the chiasm border defines a constrained pathway within the ventral midline which serves to guide the progression of RGC axons.
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Paplińska, Małgorzata, and Małgorzata Walkiewicz-krutak. "Visual impairment as a consequence of brain tumour: difficulties experienced by the child in spatial orientation, and in the cognitive, social and communication areas." Men Disability Society 40, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7545.
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Childhood brain tumour, especially when its treatment begins in early life and causes visual and motor disability, can imply a number of difficulties in spatial orientation, and in cognitive, social and communication areas. The article presents a case study of a 10-year-old boy with low vision. His impairment arose as a consequence of a tumour in deep structures of the right cerebral hemisphere, including the optic chiasm. The aim of the study was to understand how cancer and visual impairment affect the functioning of the boy in question. The study involved the use of tools for functional diagnosis of children with visual impairment. Document analysis, interviewing and observation were also used. The results are consistent with previous studies on the threats to the accomplishment of developmental tasks for children with brain tumour and concomitant neurodevelopmental deficits, as well as reduced psychosocial functioning whose cancer treatment started before the age of 6.
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Wals,, Francisca, Eva M. Romera*, and Carmen Viejo. "Influencia de la auto-eficacia social y el apoyo social en la calidad de las relaciones de pareja adolescentes." Psychology, Society, & Education 7, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/psye.v7i1.541.
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Resumen: Este estudio analiza las características de las relaciones de pareja adolescentes y la influencia que tiene la auto-eficacia social y el apoyo social en su calidad. un total de 209 estudiantes (49.3% chicos) de entre 12-18 años (X=14.28; D.T=1.21), escolarizados en tres centros de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria de Córdoba, cumplimentaron un cuestionario de auto-informe formado por preguntas abiertas que informaban del sexo, edad, nivel educativo y situación sentimental, y por un conjunto de instrumentos medidos en escala Likert que exploraban la calidad de las parejas, la auto-eficacia y el apoyo social. Los análisis descriptivos y correlacionales señalaron alta implicación en las relaciones sentimentales, mostrando más satisfacción y expectativas de futuro los chicos y los participantes de mayor edad. Se detecta que los/as jóvenes más auto-eficaces contaban con más habilidades para manejar las exigencias de una relación romántica. Se discuten los resultados en base a la importancia que tienen las relaciones positivas dentro del grupo de iguales y el apoyo social respecto a la calidad de estas parejas.Influence of self-efficacy and social support in the quality of teen couple relationshipsAbstract:This study analyses the characteristics of adolescent relationships and influence that has social self-efficacy and social support. A number of 209 youth (49.3% boys) aged between 12-18 years (X=14.28; D.T.=1.21), enrolled in three centers of compulsory secondary education of Cordoba, completed a selfreport consisting of open-ended questions that reported the sex, age, educational level and relationship status, and a set of instruments measured on Likert scale that explored the quality of couples, self-efficacy and social support. Descriptive and correlational analysis indicated a high involvement in romantic relationships, showing more satisfaction and future expectatives boys and older participants. It is detected that teenagers with more social self-efficacy had more skills to handle the demands of a relationship. We discuss the results based on the importance that have positive peer group relationships and social support with respect to the quality of these couples.
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Stasiak, Sławomir. "Jaki ma być nasz stosunek do władzy?" Verbum Vitae 14 (December 14, 2008): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vv.1486.
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Le Lettere Pastorali, come risulta gia dal titolo, contengono un certo numero delie istruzioni che riguardano la vita delle comunita ecclesiastiche a Efeso e sull'isola di Creta. Tra questi indizi troviamo anche quelli che riguardano il comportamento verso le autorita civili (l Tm 2,2; Tt 3,1). Queste devono essere rispettate ma sotto la condizione di compiere il loro dovere, cioe garantiscono la convivenza pacifica di tutti i cittadini. La chiesa primitiva fu consapevole del funzionamento delle istituzioni dello stato, tra questi la schiavitu (cf. Tt 2,9-10; 1 Tm 6, 1-2). In testi soprannominati non abbiamo trovato l'accentazione di quel fatto, ma soltanto le indicazioni per i cristiani che anche nello stato di schiavitu devono annunziare al mondoGesu Cristo. Un altro tema che riguarda il potere e il comportamento nel raduno dei cristiani. Per questa volta si tratta del potere d'insegnare.Dall'analisi di 1 Tm 2,11-14 risulta che ił comportamento della donna che ascolta, impara e poi parla, e "un atteggiamento tipico" del discepolo. Invece il comportamento del uomo che insegna e guida la comunita, e ''un atteggiamento tipico" del maestro. Tutto questo ha un collegamento stretto con Unico Sovrano( cf. 1 Tm 6, 15-16) e con il Suo regno (2 Tm 4,2.18) che raggiungera la pienezza la fine dei tempi.
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Preziosi, Paolo. "La valutazione del protocollo di sperimentazione." Medicina e Morale 47, no. 4 (August 31, 1998): 731–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.1998.827.
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In questo articolo l'Autore indica i criteri in base ai quali occorre valutare un protocollo di sperimentazione su soggetti umani. L'analisi dei protocolli deve considerare il piano della ricerca, i ricercatori coinvolti, i soggetti partecipanti, l'informazione che è data ai partecipanti. Il piano della ricerca deve recare una visione generale del progetto proposto che sia chiaro ed inequivocabile e che si soffermi in particolar modo sul disegno sperimentale e sulle metodologie, sul luogo dove si svolgeranno le ricerche, sul centro guida, sulla durata, sulle analisi dei dati; i ricercatori coinvolti nella ricerca dovranno essere indicati con nome e qualifica (stesso criterio vale per chi avrà la responsabilità assistenziale dei pazienti inclusi nella sperimentazione e per il responsabile dell'equipe per la sperimentazione); i soggetti che partecipano allo studio devono essere “arruolati” con un'accurata valutazione, precisandone il numero, le modalità di arruolamento, i rapporti con il ricercatore, la vulnerabilità, i criteri di inclusione e di esclusione, i rischi; l'informazione deve essere chiara per poter consentire un consenso valido, informato e volontario. Nella parte finale dell'articolo vengono inoltre menzionati i problemi che si possono incontrare con soggetti che partecipano alle sperimentazioni cliniche in qualità di volontari sani e quelli relativi a volontari pazienti.
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Truong, Huy Q., Edinson Najera, Robert Zanabria-Ortiz, Emrah Celtikci, Xicai Sun, Hamid Borghei-Razavi, Paul A. Gardner, and Juan C. Fernandez-Miranda. "Surgical anatomy of the superior hypophyseal artery and its relevance for endoscopic endonasal surgery." Journal of Neurosurgery 131, no. 1 (July 2019): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.2.jns172959.
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OBJECTIVEThe endoscopic endonasal approach has become a routine corridor to the suprasellar region. The superior hypophyseal arteries (SHAs) are intimately related to lesions in the suprasellar space, such as craniopharyngiomas and meningiomas. Here the authors investigate the surgical anatomy and variations of the SHA from the endoscopic endonasal perspective.METHODSThirty anatomical specimens with vascular injection were used for endoscopic endonasal dissection. The number of SHAs and their origin, course, branching, anastomoses, and areas of supply were collected and analyzed.RESULTSA total of 110 SHAs arising from 60 internal carotid arteries (ICAs), or 1.83 SHAs per ICA (range 0–3), were found. The most proximal SHA always ran in the preinfundibular space and provided the major blood supply to the infundibulum, optic chiasm, and proximal optic nerve; it was defined as the primary SHA (pSHA). The more distal SHA(s), present in 78.3% of sides, ran in the retroinfundibular space and supplied the stalk and may also supply the tuber cinereum and optic tracts. In the two sides (3.3%) in which no SHA was present, the territory was covered by a pair of infundibular arteries originating from the posterior communicating artery. Two-thirds of the pSHAs originated proximal to the distal dural ring; half of these arose from the carotid cave portion of the ICA, whereas the other half originated proximal to the cave. Four branching patterns of the pSHA were recognized, with the most common pattern (41.7%) consisting of three or more branches with a tree-like pattern. Descending branches were absent in 25% of cases. Preinfundibular anastomoses between pSHAs were found in all specimens. Anastomoses between the pSHA and the secondary SHA (sSHA) or the infundibular arteries were found in 75% cases.CONCLUSIONSThe first SHA almost always supplies the infundibulum, optic chiasm, and proximal optic nerve and represents the pSHA. Compromising this artery can cause a visual deficit. Unilateral injury to the pSHA is less likely to cause an endocrine deficit given the artery’s abundant anastomoses. A detailed understanding of the surgical anatomy of the SHA and its many variations may help surgeons when approaching challenging lesions in the suprasellar region.
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Maev, I. V., E. V. Barkalova, M. A. Ovsepyan, Yu A. Kucheryavyi, and D. N. Andreev. "Possibilities of pH impedance and high-resolution manometry in managing patients with refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 89, no. 2 (February 15, 2017): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/terarkh201789276-83.
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Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common condition that has a substantial impact on quality of life in patients and is a leading risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. Now therapy with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) is a basic method in the treatment of patients with GERD; however, one third of the patients do not respond to the therapy used. The causes of refractory GERD are a fairly large group of heterogeneous factors contributing to the inefficacy of PPIs in adequate dosage. Among these factors, there is low compliance by patients to the prescribed treatment regimen; nocturnal acid breakthrough; СУР2С19 gene polymorphism; chiasm syndrome with functional diseases of the gastrointestinal tract; non-acidic refluxes in a patient; thoracic esophageal motility disorders; the increased number and duration of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation periods; hiatus hernia; and misdiagnosis. 24-hour pH impedance and high-resolution esophageal manometry are now the most informative diagnostic techniques in patients who fail to respond to PPI therapy. These techniques allow one to timely recognize the causes of refractory GERD, to make a differential diagnosis with other nosological entities, and to timely correct therapy for each individual patient.
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Šunić, Iva, Natalija Novokmet, Jelena Šarac, Dubravka Havaš Auguštin, Nives Fuchs, and Rafaela Mrdjen - Hodžić. "Pregnancy and birth cohorts in Europe." Journal of bioanthropology 1, no. 1 (December 16, 2021): 93–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.54062/jb.1.1.7.
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A birth cohort study is a form of study that uses expectant mothers and newborn as research subjects. This form of research is suitable for epidemiological studies, which pregnancy and birth cohort studies generally are. Data is collected in order to identify health consequences and overall health outcomes. The main aim of this paper is to review and summarize all cohort studies that have been carried out or are still being conducted in Europe, as well as general information such as aim of the study, number of participants and duration of follow-up. Gathering information was made easier by websites such as Birthcohorts, CHICOS and LifeCycle, where many of the cohorts and their sources are listed. The remaining data was found by searching Google Scholar, PubMed and similar webpages, using keywords ‘birth and pregnancy cohorts’, ‘infants’, ‘pregnancies’, ‘allergies’ and ‘childhood obesity’. Overall, 137 cohorts in 27 countries were found. They are a great and important source of information and for the most part, concentrate on general health and wellbeing of mothers and children. Collaboration between different birth cohorts is crucial for further harmonization of collected data and their use in the public health systems worldwide
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Zayek, Michael M., Fabien G. Eyal, and Robert C. Smith. "Comparison of the Pharmacoeconomics of Calfactant and Poractant Alfa in Surfactant Replacement Therapy." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 23, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-23.2.146.
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OBJECTIVE To compare the pharmacy costs of calfactant (Infasurf, ONY, Inc.) and poractant alfa (Curosurf, Chiesi USA, Inc., Cary, NC). METHODS The University of South Alabama Children's and Women's Hospital switched from calfactant to poractant alfa in 2013 and back to calfactant in 2015. Retrospectively, we used deidentified data from pharmacy records that provided type of surfactant administered, gestational age, birth weight, and number of doses on each patient. We examined differences in the number of doses by gestational ages and the differences in costs by birth weight cohorts because cost per dose is based on weight. RESULTS There were 762 patients who received calfactant and 432 patients who received poractant alfa. The average number of doses required per patient was 1.6 administrations for calfactant-treated patients and 1.7 administrations for poractant alfa-treated patients, p = 0.03. A higher percentage of calfactant patients needed only 1 dose (53%) than poractant alfa patients (47%). The distribution of the number of doses for calfactant-treated patients was significantly lower than for the poractant alfa-patients, p < 0.001. Gestational age had no consistent effect on the number of doses required for either calfactant or poractant alfa. Per patient cost was higher for poractant alfa than for calfactant in all birth weight cohorts. Average per patient cost was $1160.62 for poractant alfa, 38% higher than the average per patient cost for calfactant ($838.34). Using poractant alfa for 22 months is estimated to have cost $202,732.75 more than it would have cost if the hospital had continued using calfactant. CONCLUSION Our experience showed a strong pharmacoeconomic advantage for the use of calfactant compared to the use of poractant alfa because of similar average dosing and lower per patient drug costs.
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García-Calvo Rojo, Santiago, and Esther Luisa Nieto Moreno de Diezmas. "Educación Física Bilingüe-AICLE a través de la enseñanza comprensiva de los juegos: análisis comparativo de la satisfacción intrínseca por edad y género (Bilingual Physical Education-CLIL through teaching games for understanding: comparative analysis of intrinsic satisfaction by age and gender)." Retos 46 (July 28, 2022): 458–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.91685.
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El objetivo fundamental de esta investigación fue determinar el grado de satisfacción intrínseca y su variabilidad según edad y género en la Educación Física Bilingüe (EFB) implementada combinando la metodología AICLE (aprendizaje integrado de contenido y lengua) y la EC (enseñanza comprensiva) del juego. El estudio se contextualizó en un colegio bilingüe de la CAM (Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid) y el número de participantes fue n=158 (n= 85, chicos y n=73, chicas) de 3º, 4º, 5º y 6º de educación primaria. La satisfacción se evaluó utilizando el cuestionario SSI-BPE (Sport Satisfaction Instrument in Bilingual Physical Education) y con un cuestionario de respuesta abierta. Los resultados mostraron que la intervención pedagógica en inglés (AICLE-EC) impactó positivamente en la diversión, con diferencias significativas entre el pre y el post-test. El alumnado de 3º obtuvo resultados significativamente superiores al de 6º, corroborándose así la tendencia observada en estudios previos de que la satisfacción decrece con la edad. En lo que respecta al género, las chicas mostraron índices de satisfacción significativamente más altos que los chicos, lo que contrasta con los hallazgos de los estudios sobre satisfacción contextualizados en la Educación Física no bilingüe y parece indicar que la EFB contribuye a crear escenarios de aprendizaje más igualitarios. Abstract: The main objective of this study was to ascertain the degree of intrinsic satisfaction and its variability due to age and gender in Bilingual Physical Education (BPE) implemented by combining the CLIL methodology (content and language integrated learning) and TGfU (teaching games for understanding). The study was set in a bilingual school of the CAM (Autonomous Community of Madrid) and the number of participants was n=158 (n= 85, boys and n=73, girls) from grades 3, 4, 5 and 6 of primary education. Satisfaction was evaluated using the SSI-BPE (Sport Satisfaction Instrument in Bilingual Physical Education) and a questionnaire with open-ended questions. The results showed the pedagogical intervention in English (CLIL-TGFU) positively impacted in amusement, with significant differences between the pre and post-test. Students in grade 3 obtained significantly higher results than in grade 6, thereby corroborating the trend observed in previous research that satisfaction decreases with age. Regarding gender, girls showed significantly higher satisfaction rates than boys, which contrasts with the findings of studies on satisfaction set in non-bilingual PE settings and seems to suggest that BPE contributes to creating more egalitarian learning scenarios.
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Aristizabal Llorente, Pilar, Ana Isabel Ugalde Gorostiza, and Amaia Álvarez Uría. "Yo elijo, tú eliges, ellas eligen. Orientación y toma de decisiones de las chicas en la escuela//I choose, you choose, they choose. Orientation and decision making of girls at school." REOP - Revista Española de Orientación y Psicopedagogía 28, no. 3 (March 13, 2018): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/reop.vol.28.num.3.2017.21621.
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RESUMEN Este artículo presenta los resultados obtenidos en una investigación sobre la orientación académica y profesional que se lleva a cabo en los centros educativos de Vitoria-Gasteiz y cómo la perciben tanto el profesorado como el alumnado y sus familias. Asimismo pretende identificar los factores que influyen en las decisiones estereotipadas de chicas y chicos. Para la recogida de la información se han realizado grupos de discusión con representantes del profesorado, alumnado y familias de los centros. Han sido en total siete grupos de discusión, 2 con profesorado, 3 con alumnado y 2 con las familias. También se han pasado dos cuestionarios diferenciados para el profesorado y equipos directivos participantes. Los resultados indican que, a pesar de los avances legales alcanzados en los últimos años, la orientación no sexista no es un tema prioritario entre las familias y que existen una serie de factores, como la socialización diferencial de chicas y chicos, la edad temprana a la que deben elegir un camino u otro, las expectativas de las familias, la falta de referentes y la realidad del mundo laboral, que hacen que alumnos y alumnas sigan eligiendo en función de los roles esperados para ellos y ellas. Los resultados concuerdan con otros obtenidos en investigaciones anteriores.ABSTRACT This paper presents the results obtained on academic and vocational guidance that takes place in schools and how they perceive it, both teachers and students, and their families, in the city of Vitoria in Spain. It also aims to identify the factors that influence girls´ and boys´ stereotypical decisions. For the collection of data focus groups have been conducted with representatives of teachers, students and families of schools. There have been a total of seven discussion groups, 2 with teachers, 3 with students and 2 with their families. Also two different questionnaires were done by participant teachers and management teams. The results indicate that, despite legal advances made in recent years, non-sexist orientation is not a priority among families and that there are a number of factors such as differential socialization of girls and boys, the early age at which they must choose one path or another, the expectations of families, lack of references, and the reality of working life that make students continue to choose based on the expected roles for them. The results are consistent with others obtained in previous research.