Academic literature on the topic 'Numismatica cretese'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Numismatica cretese.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Numismatica cretese"

1

Mailis, Athanassios. "Switching Rites on Venetian Crete." Frankokratia 6, no. 1 (2025): 73–103. https://doi.org/10.1163/25895931-20040008.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The excavation of the single-aisled church of Agios Georgios in Pyrgos Perivolion, Chania, opens an exciting vignette into the circumstances of the construction and function of churches in late medieval and postmedieval Crete. The building in question, erected near a rural mansion, served the Latin rite during its initial phase, thus fitting into a local residential pattern that included the presence of a Latin chapel close to the provincial dwelling of the local landowner. The edifice was modified into an Orthodox-rite parish church, filled and surrounded by numerous burials, probably in the second half of the sixteenth century. Based on the available archaeological, topographical, and numismatic evidence, this article contributes to research on the burial customs of Venetian Crete and attempts to interpret the church’s change of rite in terms of the period’s social realities.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Callaghan, P. J. "THE PROBLEM WITH CLAUDIUS: SOME REVISIONS IN CERAMIC CHRONOLOGY IN CENTRAL CRETE DURING THE JULIO-CLAUDIAN PERIOD." Annual of the British School at Athens 111 (August 11, 2016): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245416000083.

Full text
Abstract:
This article may seem to some to be unnecessarily precise in the dating of later Claudian and Neronian ceramic assemblages at Knossos. The aim is to address the fact that various scholars have dated their material to the reign of Claudius, when one can proffer a counterargument that we should place the assemblages in question in the time of Nero. In short, the period under discussion barely covers ad 50–60, and it may seem impossible to attempt a closer chronology without the aid of numismatic evidence. Nevertheless, if related material from south-central Crete is to be securely anchored, such a study must be undertaken.Five Knossian deposits and two from elsewhere in Crete, usually dated to about the middle of the first century ad, are treated here and are assigned to the reign of Nero. It is to be hoped that such a revision will bring the archaeological evidence from north and south-central Crete into better agreement, and it may even be of use to scholars working elsewhere in the Roman world.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Bowsky, M. W. Baldwin. "From Capital to Colony: Five New Inscriptions from Roman Crete." Annual of the British School at Athens 101 (November 2006): 385–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400021365.

Full text
Abstract:
This article present and contextualises five new inscriptions from central Crete: one from the hinterland of Gortyn, two from Knossos, and two more in all likelihood from Knossos. Internal geographical mobility from Gortyn to Knossos is illustrated by a Greek inscription from the hinterland of Gortyn. The Knossian inscriptions add new evidence for the local affairs of the Roman colony. A funerary or honorary inscription and two religious dedications – all three in Latin – give rise to new points concerning the well-attested link between Knossos and Campania. The colony's population included people, many of Campanian origin, who were already established in Crete, as well as families displaced from southern Italy in the great post-Actium settlement. The two religious dedications shed light on the city's religious practice, including a newly revealed cult of Castor, and further evidence for worship of the Egyptian gods. Oddest of all, a Greek inscription on a Doric epistyle names Trajan or Hadrian. These four inscriptions are then set into the context of linguistic choice at the colony. Epigraphic and numismatic evidence for the use of Latin and Greek in the life of the colony is analyzed on the basis of the available inscriptions, listed by category and date in an appendix.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Zubko, Andrii. "Monetary and Weight Measures of Eastern European Countries from Antiquity to the XIXth Century." Ethnic History of European Nations, no. 74 (2024): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2024.74.01.

Full text
Abstract:
The first European civilisations emerged in the third and second millennia BC on the island of Crete and other Aegean islands, as well as in the southern territories of the Balkan Peninsula. The first European systems of measures, including weights, were created here. The first European writing system, the linear syllabic A and B script emerged on this land. The syllabic writing of the Minoan civilisation on Crete and the Mycenaean civilisation in the territory of modern mainland Greece was completely original. It had a great influence on the first alphabet on Earth, which was created in Phoenicia in the middle of the second millennium BC. In turn, the weights and measures of the Minoan and Mycenaean civilisations were formed under the influence of the system of weight measures of Ancient Sumer of the third millennium BC. The use of the written language and its integral component, the number system, contributed to the spread of unified weight measures over large areas. Numerous weighing systems were created in ancient Greece in the first millennium BC. Thanks to trade, they began to be used in the Balkan Peninsula – in Macedonia, Thrace, Illyria, as well as in the Northern Black Sea region, where there were ancient Greek colonies. The incorporation of the Balkan Peninsula and the territory of the ancient Greek colonies of the Northern Black Sea in the second and first centuries BC into the Roman Empire led to the use of the Roman system of weight measures in these lands. In the IV–XV centuries, the Byzantine measures derived from the Roman ones influenced the formation of the systems of measures of the Eastern European states through political and economic relations. In the second half of the first millennium, the first states were created in Eastern Europe – Bulgaria, Great Moravia, Hungary, Poland, and Ancient Rus. In the first half of the second millennium, the states of Serbia, Lithuania, Wallachia, Moldova, and others were formed. The weight systems of these countries were formed on the basis of natural measures of the primitive era, as well as the weight units borrowed from international trade. In the Middle Ages, Eastern European measures of weight were significantly influenced by those of the Carolingian Empire, the Germanic Empire, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The conquest of the Balkan Peninsula by the Ottoman Empire in the XV–XVI centuries led to the spread of Turkish measures in this area. This article analysis the origins of the ancient weight measures of Eastern Europe. The degree which peculiarities of political and economic development of particular countries and territories influenced the formation of weight systems was determined. Special attention was devoted to the relation between weight measures and aspects of the emergence and development of money in circulation, and the interaction between historical metrology and numismatics in studying processes. The mutual influence between weight system of various countries and the borrowing of certain foreign weight units in the course of international trade was considered.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Yılmaz, Fatih, and Önen Nihal Tüner. "A New Athena Polias Votive Inscription from the Phaselis' Acropolis." ADALYA 17 (April 5, 2015): 121–31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3924579.

Full text
Abstract:
This article presents a newly discovered votive inscription found during the course of the 2013 survey conducted at the ancient city of Phaselis and in its territory. The inscription was found where the stairs to the acropolis from the southwest of the theatre end, in front of the west wall of the tower structure give access to the acropolis. This inscription in the Doric dialect, on a limestone block measuring 0.315 x 0.77 x 0.61 m., records a dedication to Athena Polias. The letters 0.03 m. high, exhibit Late Archaic - Early Classical Period features ( - - - - ) and, consequently the inscription can be dated to the Vth century B.C. Phaselis and its Chief Goddess Athena Polias From the earliest times of Athena worship, especially in the Aegean Islands and Hellas, this goddess was the protectress of cities, institutions and mythological heroes and she manifested this function in various ways. In one of the earliest recorded examples she carries the epithet ἐρυσίπτολις (guardian of the cities), and in another example, in a Linear B inscription discovered in the Palace of Knossos on Crete as Atana Potnia (a-ta-na-po-ti-ni-ja), the mistress of the palace. But perhaps the most striking myth relating to this role of Athena is undoubtedly that of the Palladion statue, the reason for the fall of Troy and for defeat in the Trojan War. In this context, Troy could resist the Achaeans for as long as it was protected by the Palladion, but after it was stolen by Odysseus and Diomedes, the city was captured by the Achaeans. Subsequently, Athens, Argos and Sparta, the most powerful Greek cities, as later the city of Rome, in order to obtain Athena’s protection and so to gain legitimization for the expansion of their empires, invented their own myths claiming that the Palladion statue from Troy was brought to their cities. In another myth the Goddess became the protectress of Tegea through giving Medusa’s hair as a protective image to a hero of the city. Athena’s frequently used epithets, Polias (Πολιάς), Poliouchos (Πολιοῦχος), and the epithet the protectress of the Athenians (Ἀθηνᾶ Ἀθηνῶν μεδέουσα), employed as a means of religious propaganda by the city of Athens when it established the Delian League which subsequently evolved into an empire, clearly indicate Athena was regarded as guardian of the cities. Particularly during the Archaic and Classical Periods, it was this aspect of Athena that, politically placed the Goddess amongst the most important of deities with Zeus and Apollo, and she is most commonly found with the epithet Polias. The epithet Polias or similar, refers in particular to the heart of these cities, to their acropoleis, where Athena Polias was usually worshipped. Her temples located on the heights of the cities made her role particularly visible as the main protecting goddess. One of the best examples of this “visibility”concerns the earliest record of the epithet Polias as, although she wasn’t the chief deity of Argos, within the sanctuary of Athena Polias located on Larisa hill an inscription was found which supplies us with the text of a cult regulation which is datable to the VIth century. B.C.. The Anatolian goddess of Malija, equal to Athena (in Lycia), was attested in Hittite texts from IInd millennium B.C.. This goddess worshipped in Lycia, close to the city of Phaselis, is similarly in a relationship with cities and acropoleis. The Inscribed Pillar of Ksanthos dating from the Vth century B.C. records that many acropoleis were seized with the help of Athena ptoliporthos (πτολίπορθος) “Sacker of Cities”. In the same inscription the city of Patara was named together with Malija and it may refer to the Patara of Malija as in the example of the Lindian Athena (Lindos, city of Athena). Moreover, the goddess Malija was named with the epithet Wedrẽñni (regional, municipal) the equivalent of the epithet Polias in Rhodiapolis. During the great colonization movements (750-550 B.C.) the colonists brought the cult of Athena Polias to many Mediterranean cities, as was the case for example for Lindos on the island of Rhodos. As a matter of fact the strongest ties between Lindos and the colonies which Rhodes founded was the cult of Athena. In consequence, these cities offered precious gifts to the Temple of Athena in Lindos as a demonstration of both their veneration of the goddess and of loyalty. According to myth, the city of Phaselis was colonized in 691/690 B.C. by a group under the leadership of Lakios from Lindos and the Athena cult of the mother city was brought to Phaselis. Thereafter the Phaselitai dedicated the helmets and sickles to Athena Lindia upon which was inscribed, “Having taken them from the Solymoi, the Phaselitai offered them to Athena Lindia, when Lakios was the leader of the colonists”. In addition to this, the other evidence concerning the presence of Athena in the city confirms that this deity was the chief goddess of Phaselis. During the Classical, and especially in the Hellenistic Period, depictions of Athena’s owl, of her Palladion and of Athena Promachos are found. As mentioned above, the epithet Polias usually draws attention to a city’s acropolis with the temple of Athena Polias located there. In the case of Phaselis, the find spot of these votive inscriptions, reused in a wall of a tower that was built in defense of the acropolis, provides an additional indication for the localization of Athena’s temple to the acropolis. This temple most probably was on the acropolis where there are the ruins of a columned building and large ashlar blocks possibly indicating the site of a temple; however, due to the dense vegetation and in the absence of excavations, at present this localisation cannot be stated with certainty. Another reference indicating that Athena Polias was the chief deity of the city was the presence of a holy relic in the Temple of Athena, the spear of the hero of the Trojan War Achilles. During his campaign against the Persians, Alexander the Great stayed in Phaselis in the winter of 334/333 B.C. and he left Achilles’ spear in the Temple of Athena at Phaselis. During the Hellenistic Period, Hellenistic Kings were mentioned with the chief deities of the Archaic and Classical periods as were the emperors in Roman Imperial Period. And according with this practice, the boule and demos of Phaselis worshipped Athena Polias together with the deified emperors, known from an honorific inscription for a certain Ptolemaios. Evidence from the Late Roman Period, especially from the IIIrd century A.D., records the Palladeios agons (ἀγὼν Παλλάδειος) were held in the city in honour of the Goddess Athena. Consequently, philological, epigraphic as well as numismatic evidence shows the Goddess Athena was the chief deity of the city of Phaselis from the Archaic Period into the Late Roman Period. As the epithet Polias on this votive inscription indicates, the goddess had a temple which should be located on the acropolis where the holy relic (Achilles’ spear) was kept and where the officials of the goddess conducted their functions. This new votive inscription provides record of the role Athena occupied in this early post-colonisation period of the city’s political and socio-cultural history. Further, it is also a physical document dating from the city’s Late Archaic-Early Classical Period, aiding in the evaluation of both Phaselis and of the wider region’s history of settlement.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Trifiró, M. D. "The hoard Αρκαλοχώρι–Αστρίτσι 1936 (IGCH 154)". EULIMENE, 14 січня 2023, 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/eul.32705.

Full text
Abstract:
Il tesoretto Αρκαλοχώρι–Αστρίτσι 1936 (IGCH 154). Il tesoretto IGCH 154, rinvenuto a Creta (località Astritsi), consta di emissioni argentee provenienti dalle città cretesi e da Cirene, Corinto e colonie, Argo, Tebe ed Egina. Sono state studiate solo le emissioni non–cretesi che ammontano a cinquantacinque monete d’argento a cui vanno aggiunti altri sei esemplari provenienti da Cirene. Questi ultimi ufficialmente appartengono ad un tesoretto rinvenuto nel 1935 a Hierapytna (IGCH 318), ma molto probabilmente fannoparte del nostro ripostiglio, e sono attualmente conservati insieme ad esso presso il Museo Numismatico di Atene.
 Unitamente al catalogo numismatico si è fornito un breve commento relativo alle singole emissioni monetali, nel tentativo di contestualizzare le serie e di chiarirne la cronologia assoluta e relativa. Particolare attenzione è stata riservata alla monetazionecirenea nel tentativo di motivarne la presenza nell’isola di Creta, alla luce dei rapporti economici e commerciali testimoniatici dalle scarse fonti storiche. Per tali serie si èsostenuta una cronologia «bassa» (300/290–280 a.C.) e si è proposto di identificarne lo standard ponderale con la fase intermedia del peso tolemaico adottato dal 310 a.C., probabilmente in concomitanza con un cambiamento della ratio tra oro e argento.
 I «pegasi» provengono sia da Corinto che dalle sue colonie (Anactorion, Amphilochian Argos, Thyrrheion) e presentano simboli e monogrammi differenti, ma cronologicamente appartengono tutti al V periodo Ravel (387–306 a.C.).Delle emissioni argive, scarsamente studiate, si è presentata la classificazione e si è proposta una cronologia molto ampia, dovendo necessariamente appartenere al periodo precedente l’ingresso della città nella Lega Achea.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Numismatica cretese"

1

Carbone, Federico. "Usi monetari a Gortina e Festòs: cronologie e aspetti produttivi." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/2361.

Full text
Abstract:
2014 - 2015<br>The research focuses on the analysis of the coinage of the Cretan cities of Gortyna and Phaistos, with the aim of providing new information about uses, chronologies and productive aspects of the coins minted by both workshops. In order to analyze the context of these productions and to lead a parallel investigation on several levels, at beginning have been focused all the characteristics of the cities in historical age, summarizing the performance of archaeological research and analyzing the most significant data of the epigraphic and literary documentation. These sources form a wealth of information useful for the understanding of the economic dynamics that involved the poleis of Gortyna and Phaistos, providing information on the state of relations between these. This part is followed by an analysis of the framework of knowledge on the Cretan numismatics, deepening the context in which the cities have started minting coins and the characteristics of the first issues. There are also detailed the hitherto known of chronological elements and the reconstruction of the weight standards locally in use. Based on these data, and in comparison with the collected material, it is possible to perform the analysis of the production. So the coins are organized as groups, emissions and series: the material is divided according to the mints and placed in chronological order. The setting of chronological periods is linked to the recognition of the phenomena that are characteristic of the Cretan coinage: the overstrikes, the countermarking, the change of weight standards, the processing and the 3 numbering of dies. The information has been used for the definition of a relative dating, and to detect trends in production. Once defined the chronological contexts, has been highlighted the correspondence to different weight standards and their alteration in the Hellenistic period. For this phase were examined in detail even the bronze issues, allowing the identification of two different systems of use, comprised of more nominals. The specimens used in the analysis are gathered in the ‘Catalogue’. Depending on the issuing city, groups are organized in chronological periods identified on the basis of the relations from the overall analysis of the sample. It begins, therefore, by the first autonomous series reaching, in the case of Gortyna until the Roman occupation, and for Phaistos to the destruction of the city. In order to complete this analysis are also analyzed groups of coins once mistakenly attributed to Gortyna and modern counterfeiting. The Catalogue ends with an appendix to investigate a coin issue probably minted in Crete but with types usually used for Rhodian coins, but also the production of tetradrachms after the passage of the island under the direct control of Rome. The 2928 specimens examined are the basic tool used for the reconstruction of the production of coins and their analysis allows us to understand technical tricks used by mints. Particular attention was given to the description of the special features found in individual pieces, including overstriking, countermarks and features linked to working of dies and flans. In the conclusion of the research work, is proposed an overview of the described phenomena analyzing the details on coin production within a context of knowledge now more apparent. In this way some aspects hitherto regarded as dominant in the coin production can be calibrated better both in chronology and function. In addition, the recognition of the specificities of hoarding, allows to contextualize some groups of coins providing new information for a better interpretation. The simultaneous use of similar technical solutions allows us to reconstruct the synchronization stages of the two mints and to distinguish the moments of greater economic autonomy of the city of Phaistos, suggesting a reinterpretation of the political and administrative relations between the two centers. Thanks to the statistical data, it was finally proposed an interpretative model to better define the overstriking phenomenon. [edited by Author]<br>XIV n.s.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Carrier, Caroline. "Cnossos de l’époque classique à l’époque impériale (Ve siècle avant J.-C.-Ier siècle après J.-C.) : étude de numismatique et d’histoire." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL034.

Full text
Abstract:
Cnossos est principalement connue pour ses vestiges minoens et peu de travaux ont été menés sur les périodes postérieures malgré la multiplication des études sur la Crète historique depuis une vingtaine d’années. La période antique est pourtant fondamentale dans son histoire. En effet, entre le Ve siècle av. J.-C. et le milieu du Ier siècle ap. J.-C., c’est l’histoire d’une cité puissante politiquement en Crète puis d’une colonie romaine prospère qui se dessine grâce aux sources archéologiques et textuelles publiées, ainsi qu’à un corpus monétaire inédit. La première partie de la thèse est une étude des monnaies produites à Cnossos pendant toute l’histoire de l’atelier ; elle présente d’abord un catalogue de 2970 monnaies cnossiennes, les contextes de découverte des monnaies cnossiennes dans le monde grec et les monnaies de fouilles de Cnossos, puis une étude de chaque série (typologie, étude de coins, métrologie et datation). La seconde partie est une étude de l’histoire de Cnossos divisée en trois sections correspondant aux périodes classique, hellénistique et impériale. Pour chacune, sont examinés les frontières, l’aménagement du territoire et les événements historiques en prenant en compte la totalité des sources disponibles, numismatiques bien sûr mais aussi les autres vestiges archéologiques et les textes épigraphiques et littéraires. Ces deux parties sont accompagnées d’un volume d’annexes et de planches (volume 2) qui comprend notamment une liste des vestiges mis au jour sur le site entre les premières fouilles de la fin du XIXe siècle à aujourd’hui, le détail des tombes fouillées et les textes épigraphiques découverts à Cnossos et/ou relatifs à la cité<br>Knossos is mainly known for its Minoans remains and little work has been undertaken on the later periods in spite of the many studies on historic Crete published in the last twenty years. Antiquity is nevertheless fundamental in its history. Indeed, between the 5th century BC and the middle of the 1st century AD, it is the story of a city politically powerful in Crete and then a prosperous Roman colony which can be seen because of the published archaeological and textual sources, and an unpublished coin corpus. The first part of the thesis is a study of the coins struck at Knossos during the entire operational period of the mint; it shows first a catalogue of 2970 Knossian coins, the archaeological contexts of the Knossian coins in the Greek world and the coins found during excavations of the site. Then, each series is studied (typology, die study, metrology and dating). The second part is a study of Knossos divided into three sections corresponding to the Classical, Hellenistic and Roman periods. For each, the borders, the spatial organisation and historical events are studied with all available sources: numismatics, archaeological remains and epigraphic and literary texts. These two parts work with an annexe and illustrations volume (volume 2) which is composed mainly of a remains list dug between the end of the 19th century and today, the tombs and the epigraphic texts discovered at/or about the city
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Loughlin, Eleanor. "Representations of the cow and calf in Minoan art." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9790.

Full text
Abstract:
Research into the depiction of cattle in Minoan Art ha'i concentrated on representations of interaction between men and cattle, in particular, the images of bull sports. This emphasis has detracted from other types of cattle imagery. In this thesis the representation of the cow and calf in Minoan glyptic is assessed. Discussion of representation and meaning are of equal value, as a full understanding of the potential meaning of an image is dependent upon a detailed knowledge of what is represented. Specific anatomical and behavioural details described in the images are therefore compared with known physiological and behavioural characteristics. The Bronze Age representations are found to be very accurate and detailed in their description of the relationship between the cow and calf. Both the aesthetic and social contexts of the image are discussed in detail. The majority of representations of cows and calves are found on seals and sealings. The size, shape and restrictions of the medium as well as the range of potential uses of the stones (administrative, amuletic, jewellery) are considered. Fauna! evidence from Bronze Age Crete and accounts of cattle in Linear B texts confirm the importance of bovines as an integral part of the agricultural system as well as providing evidence of the range of cattle exploited. In discussing the potential meaning of the image, the survey draws on Bronze Age Aegean, Near Eastern and Egyptian evidence and later Greek (in particular Cretan) examples. Evidence from unrelated societies in which the cow is prominent is used as evidence of the diversity of possible meaning. The thesis concludes that it is not possible to categorise the image as specifically religious or secular; the range of potential meanings reflect the importance of the animal in all aspects of Minoan society.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Books on the topic "Numismatica cretese"

1

Rigillo, Maira Torcia. Giza: Cretule dall'area delle piramidi. Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche, 2003.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Sbonias, Kostas. Frühkretische Siegel: Ansätze für eine Interpretation der sozial-politischen Entwicklung auf Kreta während der Frühbronzezeit. Tempus Reparatum, 1995.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

The middle Minoan three-sided soft stone prism: A study of style and iconography. Philipp Von Zabern, 2011.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

The iconography of late Minoan and Mycenaean sealstones and finger rings. Bristol Classical Press, 1988.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Czerny, Ernst (eds). Scarabs Of The 2nd Millennium B.c. From Egypt, Nubia, Crete And The Levant (contributions To The Chronology Of The Eastern Mediterranean). Austrian Academy Of Sciences Press, 2004.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Die Bildersprache minoischer und mykenischer Siegel. Archaeopress, 1997.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Anderson, Emily S. K. Seals, Craft, and Community in Bronze Age Crete. Cambridge University Press, 2016.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Anderson, Emily S. K. Seals, Craft, and Community in Bronze Age Crete. Cambridge University Press, 2016.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!