Journal articles: 'Nursery Fertilizer Mixer'

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H, S. Bhatkulkar1 &. J. P. Modak2. "AN APPROXIMATE GENERALIZED EXPERIMENTAL DATA BASED MODEL FOR PROCESS TIME IN HUMAN POWERED ENERGIZED FERTILIZER MIXER." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 7 (April 19, 2018): 44–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1220969.

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Since creation , Flywheel motor is in effect widely utilized as a part of different application. Literature overview uncovers that a framework for pumping energy in flywheel using muscular energy is feasible and the energy put away in flywheel can be utilized for various applications [1]. In an endeavour this paper shows development of a Human Powered Flywheel Motor (HPFM) energized Nursery Fertilizer Mixer to blend nursery manures in legitimate extent which is then utilized for plantation in little size farming .Since this is a man-machine framework, it is fairly troublesome and inconsistent to adopt total theoretical approach for the development, hence, the experimental approach is used. Human powered stimulated Flywheel motor machine comprises of three unique frameworks  . (i) Human powered flywheel motor (HPFM) i.e. Energy unit comprise of a flywheel and pedalling mechanism similar to bicycle. (ii)Torque intensification gear pair and (iii) Process unit i.e. Fertilizer Mixer. This paper reports the development  of model through dimensional and regression analysis for dependent variable mixing time in the phenomena of mixing of different elements of composts. Dimensional analysis is used to make the dependent and independent variables dimensionless to get dimensionless condition. Afterward, by applying multiple regression analysis to this dimensionless equation, index values are obtained. The mathematical model for Process time is then figured utilizing these obtained index values .With the present work plan , design data for low to medium limit nursery compost mixer stimulated by human powered fly wheel motor can be built up with the assistance of which the particular unit of mixer can be designed

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Firmansyah, Ivan Dwi, Sri Manu Rochmiyati, and Fani Ardiani. "The Effect of Planting Media and Types of NPK Fertilizers (Compound and Mixed) on the Growth of Oil Palm Seedlings in Pre-Nursery." Journal of Agriculture 3, no. 03 (2025): 263–68. https://doi.org/10.47709/joa.v3i03.4662.

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This study aims to determine the effect of planting media composition and types of NPK fertilizers (compound and mixed) on the growth of pre-nursery oil palm seedlings. The study was conducted in September - November 2023 at the Instiper Yogyakarta Education and Research Garden. This study used a factorial experimental method arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of two factors, namely the composition of the planting media (clay, sand, sand + clay + organic fertilizer, sand + clay, clay + organic fertilizer, sand + organic fertilizer) and types of NPK compound fertilizers (compound fertilizer 15-15-15 and mixed fertilizer 0.30g Urea + 0.30g TSP + 0.25 g MOP). The results showed that the treatment of NPK fertilizer types (compound and mixed) and planting media composition interacted significantly with the height of pre-nursery oil palm seedlings, where the combination of clay soil media with mixed fertilizers produced a plant height of 25.90 cm. The treatment of planting media composition significantly affects the number of leaves, where the composition of sand + clay + organic fertilizer produces the highest number of leaves, which is 4 strands. Furthermore, treating NPK fertilizer types (compound and mixed) also significantly affects the diameter of pre-nursery oil palm seedlings, where using mixed fertilizers gives the highest stem diameter results, which is 9.46 cm.

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Abduraof, M. Alosif. "Effect of Minerals and Biofertilization on Growth of Acacia saligna Seedlings." J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology 7, no. 4 (2020): 01. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3782502.

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The present study was conducted to figure out the effect of some fertilizers on the growth parameters of Acacia saligna seedlings. This study was carried for 14 months at the nursery of Forestry and Wood Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria-Egypt. In this study, six levels of mineral fertilization treatments were used [F0-F5]. The results of this study showed that Acacia saligna seedlings treated with F2 & F3 fertilizers recorded the highest shoot height, whereas, treatment with F1 fertilizer displayed the highest leaf dry weight [9.729 g.], such treatment has no significant differences of that treated with F0 [control]. Moreover, treatment by F1 fertilizer showed the highest value of shoot / root ratio [4.793]. Whereas, treatment with F1 & F2 fertilizers showed the highest leaf number / plant. Seedlings fertilized with F1 & F2 displayed the highest total dry weight [26.067 & 25.630 g.] respectively.  In addition to that, seedlings of Acacia saligna treated with halex biofertilizer showed no significant effect on the growth parameter, but its affect can be observed when mixed with mineral fertilizer as in treatment F4.

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Arthur, Alfred, Solomon Acquaye, and Jerome Agbesi Dogbatse. "Effect of some organic, inorganic and foliar fertilizers on the growth of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) seedlings raised in soils of contrasting characteristics." Greener Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 6, no. 1 (2019): 8–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3401505.

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The establishment of cocoa farms has been popular with the use of nursed seedlings in polybags. Availability of fertile topsoil for nursing cocoa seedlings is becoming limited and poor seedling growth of cocoa in the nurseries has been ascribed to the use of unsuitable potting media. A search for an alternative means of raising healthy seedlings at the nursery that will accelerate seedling growth is what this trial investigates. The experiment was laid out in 2 x 5 factorial arranged in Completely Randomized Design with four replications. Two soils, ‘Black soil’ obtained from a refuse dump and topsoil of Wacri series, collected from an old cocoa farm were used. Five fertilizer sources, control, inorganic, organic and two foliar fertilizers were used. Seedlings were raised from mixed hybrid cocoa and assessed at bi-weekly intervals for 14 weeks for growth. Initial soil analyses showed that the Black soil was relatively fertile compared to the Wacri series. Percent seedling emergence was initially higher with the unfertilized soil than the fertilized. Dry matter yields of roots and leaves were significantly (p<0.05) affected by the fertilizer. Application of fertilizers had no significant (p>0.05) effect on stem dry matter yield. Finally, seedlings from the Black soil which had higher initial fertility status performed better than those of Wacri series. With the different fertilizers on the growth performance and dry matter production, foliar fertilizer treatments performed better compared with the organic and inorganic fertilizers. From  the  experiment, it  is  concluded that the well decomposed Black soil from the refuse  dump remains  the  best  medium  for  the  nursery work, but  in the absence of this medium, less fertile topsoil  could  be used  for raising cocoa seedlings and  the  growth boosted with foliar fertilizers.

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Arthur, Alfred, Solomon Acquaye, and Dogbatse Jerome Agbesi. "Effect of some organic, inorganic and foliar fertilizers on the growth of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) seedlings raised in soils of contrasting characteristics." Greener Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 6, no. 1 (2019): 08–14. https://doi.org/10.15580/gjsspn.2019.1.061819111.

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The establishment of cocoa farms has been popular with the use of nursed seedlings in polybags. Availability of fertile topsoil for nursing cocoa seedlings is becoming limited and poor seedling growth of cocoa in the nurseries has been ascribed to the use of unsuitable potting media. A search for an alternative means of raising healthy seedlings at the nursery that will accelerate seedling growth is what this trial investigates. The experiment was laid out in 2 x 5 factorial arranged in Completely Randomized Design with four replications. Two soils, ‘Black soil’ obtained from a refuse dump and topsoil of Wacri series, collected from an old cocoa farm were used. Five fertilizer sources, control, inorganic, organic and two foliar fertilizers were used. Seedlings were raised from mixed hybrid cocoa and assessed at bi-weekly intervals for 14 weeks for growth. Initial soil analyses showed that the Black soil was relatively fertile compared to the Wacri series. Percent seedling emergence was initially higher with the unfertilized soil than the fertilized. Dry matter yields of roots and leaves were significantly (p<0.05) affected by the fertilizer. Application of fertilizers had no significant (p>0.05) effect on stem dry matter yield. Finally, seedlings from the Black soil which had higher initial fertility status performed better than those of Wacri series. With the different fertilizers on the growth performance and dry matter production, foliar fertilizer treatments performed better compared with the organic and inorganic fertilizers. From the experiment, it is concluded that the well decomposed Black soil from the refuse dump remains the best medium for the nursery work, but in the absence of this medium, less fertile topsoil could be used for raising cocoa seedlings and the growth boosted with foliar fertilizers.

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Oyediran, Uthman Oyewole, Umar Salisu, Olufemi Aremu-Dele, Aduragbemi Oladayo Agboluaje, and Taye Shuaib. "EFFECT OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER DERIVED FROM FOOD MARKET WASTE ON CASHEW SEEDLINGS GROWTH IN THE NURSERY." Journal of Wastes and Biomass Management 6, no. 2 (2024): 84–87. https://doi.org/10.26480/jwbm.02.2024.84.87.

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The shift towards effective organic waste management and organic fertilizers is gaining attention due to concerns about environmental sustainability and raising healthy crops respectively. This study evaluates the effect of a processed market source waste: Aleshinloye Grade B Organic Fertilizer (AOF) on cashew seedlings growth in the nursery. A 3-month nursery trial was established at the Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria’s nursery Ibadan, Nigeria. The experiment is a 2 factorial experiment with fertilizer rate (200t/ha and 100t/ha) and application method (Top-dressing and Soil-mixed). The treatments arranged in a Complete Randomized Design are Top-dressed AOF at 200t/ha (T1TD), Soil-mixed AOF at 200t/ha (T1M), Top-dressed AOF at 100t/ha (T2TD), Soil-mixed AOF 100t/ha (T2M) and the control treatment (NF) with no fertilizer. Morphological and destructive samples data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and treatment means were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD) at a 0.05% probability. Results showed that T1M improved cashew seedling number of leaves at 3 months after sowing while other morphological traits and destructive samples were not significant when the fertilizer treatments were compared with NF. Either of the two application rates and methods of application did not improve cashew seedling growth in the nursery. However, notable improvement was only observed in the number of leaves when 200t/ha of AOF was applied as topsoil-mixed. For notable improvement in cashew seedlings, it is therefore recommended that the period of observation be extended as organic fertilizers slowly release their nutrients in the soil.

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Ikhsan, Nur, and Roni Ismoyojati. "PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN PUPUK CAMPUR UNTUK BUDIDAYA KELAPA SAWIT PADA FASE MAIN-NURSERY DI KELOMPOK TANI BANGUN BERSAMA." MESTAKA: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2, no. 4 (2023): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.58184/mestaka.v2i4.108.

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The scarcity of compound fertilizer that often occurs on the market has caused farmer members who are members of the Bangun Bersama farmer group, Mekar Mulya Village, Sematu Jaya District, Lamandau Regency, Central Kalimantan Province to experience problems applying fertilizer to the oil palm plants they cultivate. In addition, limited information causes a lack of knowledge of members regarding other alternatives that can be used to overcome the scarcity of compound fertilizers, one of which is the single fertilizer mixing technique. The purpose of this service is to improve the skills of the members of the Bangun Bersama farmer group in making mixed fertilizer sourced from a single fertilizer which has an elemental content equivalent to the compound fertilizer recommendation. The service method used is training with lectures and work demonstrations of mixing fertilizers using a single fertilizer containing elements of N, P, K and Mg as well as monitoring the implementation of the training. Based on the results of the PkM activities carried out, it generated new knowledge for the Bangun Bersama farmer group in terms of utilizing single fertilizers into compound fertilizers using mixing techniques.

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Kiljunen-Siirola, R., and A. Pajunen. "Production of container-grown nursery plants on capillary sand beds." Agricultural and Food Science 60, no. 7 (1988): 661–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72335.

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This study investigated the effect of growth medium on the growth of nursery plants in a capillary irrigation system, the use and amount of slow-release fertilizer for the fertilization of container-grown nursery plants, and the need fora base dressing with a slow release fertilizer. Also investigated were the effect of different concentrations of alkyl aryl trimethyl ammonium chloride solution (Gloquat C) in preventing rooting through, and the use of a watering control device based on measuring radiation energy in field conditions. The experiments on growth medium revealed that all the growth media included in the experiment, i.e. sphagnum peat, peat/rock wool mixture (1 : 1),or peat/sand mixture (3 : 1), can be used for container-grown nursery plants if a base dressing is used with Nutricote(70), a slow-release fertilizer. The effect of slow-release fertilizer was better in peat mixtures, and this effect was especially clear when no base dressing was used. The use of slow-release fertilizer proved to be a good fertilization method in a capillary irrigation system. The fertilizing effect of Nutricote (70) given in the spring lasted until early June of the following year. Nutricote(70) was found to need a base fertilizer dressing. Abase dressing of 1.2 kg/m3 of a compound fertilizer (Turpeen Y-lannos; N 11 % P 10.5 %, K 18.3 %) with 1.5 kg/m3 of slow release fertilizer proved to be a suitable fertilization method for ornamental woody nursery plants in a capillary irrigation system. The tallest plants were obtained with a base dressing that was mixed with 3 kg/m3 of the slow-release fertilizer. Plants thus fertilized were, however, considered to be too large for transport and handling. The problem of a secondary root ball under the pot in sand beds was prevented by spreading 15 ml/m2 of Gloquat C on the sand surface. The capillary irrigation system and the automatic irrigation control worked well in experiments carried out under practical conditions. The potted nursery plants were kept evenly moist, and the plants grew to market size in one growing season.

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Harrington, John T., and Patrick A. Glass. "MACRONUT: Calculation Software for Custom-mixed Nursery Fertilizers." HortTechnology 8, no. 1 (1998): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.8.1.78.

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MACRONUT, a software program for microcomputers, calculates mixing rates of 17 commonly used nutrient sources of six mineral macronutrients for custom-mixed fertilizers. The software alleviates the need for the cumbersome calculations required to develop or adjust custom mixed fertilizers. The software can be used by field professionals and as an instructional tool for teaching horticultural students how to develop custom fertilizers for container nursery crops.

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Nurseha, Nurseha, Risvan Anwar, and Yudianto Yudianto. "PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT KOPI ROBUSTA (Coffea canephora) PADA BERBAGAI KOMPOSISI MEDIA DENGAN BOKASHI LIMBAH KULIT KOPI." Jurnal Agroqua: Media Informasi Agronomi dan Budidaya Perairan 17, no. 1 (2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32663/ja.v17i1.470.

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This research aimed to determine the effect of media composition leather waste coffea bokashi fertilizer on the growth of coffee seedlings in the nursery playing robusta nursery and determine the best composition that can replace the use of chemical fertilizer in the coffee nursery. This research was conducted in vilage Tugu Rejo subdistrict Kabawetan Kepahiang district Bengkulu province. This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD) of the factors with 6 (six) treatment that the composition of the growing media bokashi (P). Each composition treatment was repeated four (4) times, in order to obtain 24 units of trial. Each experimental unit there are five (5) polybags, so there are 120 polybags. Each experimental unit was taken three (3) samples. These result indicate that treatment of bokashi fertilizer media leather waste coffe very significant effect on the dry weight of coffee seedlings, significant effect on plant height and weight of the wet, and no real effect on the number of leaves and stem diameter. Effect of medium composition leather waste coffe bokashi fertilizer best demonstarted high value crops 13.63 cm, wet weight of 1.82 g and 0.60 g dry weight. The use of leather waste coffee bokashi fertilizer is able to substitute inorganic fertilizer on seedling nursery play. The use of media with the composition of the piece of land sub soil mixed with four parts bokashi leather waste robusta coffee in the coffee nursery on the main nursery gives good results.

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Prandana, Fery, Zaitun Zaitun, and Taufan Hidayat. "Pengaruh Biochar Pelepah Kelapa Sawit dan Dosis Pupuk Fosfat pada Pre Nursery Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 8, no. 1 (2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v8i1.22673.

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Abstrak: Media tanam pada pembibitan kelapa sawit pada umumnya terdiri atas tanah yang dicampur dengan pasir serta pupuk anorganik seperti pupuk fosfat. Bahan organik sering dimanfaatkan untuk lebih meningkatkan produktifitas media tanam. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh biochar pelepah kelapa sawit dan pemberian dosis pupuk fosfat pada pre nursery kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Biochar Research Station dan Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi Benih, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok pola faktorial 3 x 4 dengan 3 ulangan, sehingga terdapat 12 kombinasi perlakuan dan 36 satuan percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan biochar berpengaruh sangat nayata pada pH tanah dan tidak nyata pada diameter batang, bobot basah tanaman dan berat basah akar, dosis biochar pelepah kelapa sawit terbaik terdapat pada 14 g polibag-1. Perlakuan dosis pupuk fosfat sangat nyata pada bobot basah tanaman, serta nyata pada diameter batang 90 HST, berat basah akar dan pH tanah, dosis pupuk fosfat terbaik terdapat pada 0,3 g polibag-1.Effect of Oil Palm Midrib Biochar and Phosphate Fertilizer Dosage on Pre-Nursery Growth of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)Abstract. Planting media in oil palm nurseries generally consists of soil mixed with sand and inorganic fertilizers such as phosphate fertilizers. Organic matter is often used to further increase the productivity of the growing media. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of oil palm midrib biochar and the administration of phosphate fertilizer doses on the growth of pre-nursery oil palm. The research was carried out at the Biochar Research Station and Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh. This study used a 3 x 4 factorial randomized block design with 3 replications, so there were 12 treatment combinations and 36 experimental units. The results showed that the biochar treatment was very significant on soil pH and not significant on stem diameter, plant wet and wet weight of oil palm roots, the best dose of oil palm frond biochar was found in 14 g polybag-1. The treatment dose of phosphate fertilizer was very significant on the wet weight of the plant, and significantly on the stem diameter of 90 DAP, root wet weight and soil pH, the best dose of phosphate fertilizer was found at 0,3 g polybag-1.

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Chong, Calvin, and Glen P. Lumis. "Mixtures of paper mill sludge, wood chips, bark, and peat in substrates for pot-in-pot shade tree production." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 80, no. 3 (2000): 669–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p99-083.

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There is little scientific information on substrates for pot-in-pot shade tree production. The objective of this research was to examine various organic-waste-derived substrates for growing shade trees in pot-in-pot systems. Seedling whips of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.), Japanese birch [Betula platyphylla var. japonica (Miq.) Hara], and silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) were grown for two seasons in 76-L containers. The containers were trickle irrigated and fertilized with controlled-release fertilizers. Treatments included a control nursery mix (50% by volume of pine bark:15% compost:35% topsoil) and nine other mixes classified into three groups: Group I (25, 50 or 75% bark mixed with 50, 25, or 0% wood chips, and 25% paper mill sludge); Group II (25, 50 or 75% bark; 50, 25 or 0% wood chips; and 25% peat); and Group III (25, 50 or 75% peat; 50, 25 or 0% wood chips; and 25% paper mill sludge). In both years, trunk diameters of the three species were greatest with Group III substrates, intermediate with Group II, and least with Group I. Trunk growth was positively correlated with water retention porosity, which ranged from 42 to 57%, 38 to 42%, and 20 to 27% for Groups III, II, and I, respectively. Trunk diameters of Group II and III trees were equal to, or slightly exceeded (10–12%), those of the nursery mix. The nursery mix had a water retention porosity of 49% and generally the highest content of soluble salts. The high-peat (50 and 75%) substrates marginally but consistently produced trees with the largest trunk diameters, although with birch (not the other species) shorter trees resulted as the peat content increased. Key words: In-ground containers, nursery, ornamentals, waste utilization, container culture

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Milivojevic, Jasminka, Dragan Radivojevic, Vuk Maksimovic, and Jelena Dragisic-Maksimovic. "Variation in health promoting compounds of blueberry fruit associated with different nutrient management practices in a soilless growing system." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 65, no. 2 (2020): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas2002175m.

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The objective of this study was to determine and compare the content of total anthocyanins (TACY), total phenolics (TPC) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) of the fruit of ?Bluecrop? highbush blueberry grown under different nutrient management practices in a soilless production system. A field study was carried out in a highbush blueberry plantation situated near Belgrade (Serbia), during the period of 2016-2017. The orchard was planted in the spring of 2016 in 50 l polypropylene pots with 5-year-old nursery plants. Each pot was filled with the mix of pine sawdust (60%), white peat (30%) and perlite (10%), and placed at a distance of 0.8 m within the row and 3.0 m between the rows (4,170 bushes ha?1). The following fertilizer treatments were evaluated: 1. organic fertilizers (Org); 2. mineral fertilizers (Min) and 3. a combination of organic and mineral fertilizers (Org-Min). Soluble NPK fertilizers were applied with irrigation water, whereas granulated mineral and pelleted organic fertilizers were mixed with the substrate. Fruit samples were collected in triplicate at the beginning of ripening, full maturity and the end of the harvest season. No significant effect of harvest time on each of the tested parameters was observed, whereas the content of TACY did not even differ under various fertilizer treatments. TPC in the fruit significantly increased in Org and Org-Min treatments (139.8 and 139.3 mg eq GA 100 g-1 FW, respectively) compared to Min treatment (122.7 mg eq GA 100 g-1 FW), while a considerably high TAA level was found only in berries under Org-Min treatment (0.53 mg asc g-1 FW).

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Muchtar, Asikin, Renpius Muib, and Herawati Herawati. "Effect of Compost Dosing on the Growth of Nyatoh (Palaquium sp) Seedlings in the Nursery." Jurnal Wasian 11, no. 1 (2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.62142/ntf8ng19.

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The growth of Nyatoh (Palaquim sp) seedlings is very slow so they need to be given treatment to speed up their growth in the field. Nyatoh (Palaquim sp) seeds are endemic to South Sulawesi and make good quality wood for house building materials. This research aims to determine and analyze the interaction of giving compost fertilizer on the growth of Nyatoh (Palaquium sp) seedlings in the nursery, as well as knowing and analyzing the appropriate dosage according to the growth needs of Nyatoh (Palaquium spp) seedlings in the nursery. The research method used was an experimental method with 3 repetitions. Nyatoh seeds which are available in the form of polybags are approximately 2 months old in the nursery, then seeds with a uniform height of around 15 cm are selected for a total of 90 seedlings. Next, compost fertilizer is prepared from fermented cow dung, then weighed at a dose of 30 gr/seed coded (P1), 40 gr/seed (P2), and 50 gr/seed (P3). Initial growth measurements (first week) were carried out when the seeds were mixed with compost for each Nyatoh seedling. Then the next measurement was carried out in the 4th week (final measurement) on 90 Nyatoh seedlings in the nursery. The results of the research showed that the interaction of giving compost fertilizer to Nyatoh seedlings had a very significant effect on the increase in height and number of leaves of Nyatoh seedlings in the nursery, with a calculated F value of 14,955 > F table value of 4,459 and F calculated 12,043 > 4,459. The treatment of providing compost fertilizer at a dose of 40 gr/seed (P2) had a very significant effect on the increase in height and increase in the number of leaves of Nyatoh seedlings in the nursery.

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Devadason, R. D., C. S. De Silva, Shanthi De Silva, and T. E. Weerawardena. "Selection of best compound fertilizer amended potting mixture for successful growth of black pepper (Piper nigrum l.) hybrid (“Dingirala”) nursery plants." Journal of Agriculture and Value Addition 6, no. 1 (2023): 14–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/java.v6i1.67.

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Black Pepper, Piper nigrum L.) is a perennial, evergreen, climbing vine and it is widely used as a spice and flavoring agent in the food industry and ayurvada medicine throughout the world. Therefore, continuous supply of pepper is important for the sustainability of these sectors. Pepper is usually propagated vegetatively using stem cuttings. Cuttings are planted in polythene bags filled with a mixture of equal parts of topsoil, cow dung, sand, and coir dust. Scarcity of cow dung and expensiveness resulted with huge demand are the limiting factors in commercial production of pepper. Incorporation of nitrogen and phosphorus containing fertilizers to potting mixture in the absence of cow dung may at least supply plant nutrients which highly essential for early growth of plants. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the effect of different compound fertilizer for nursery plants of P. nigrum L, hybrid “Dingirala” in the absence of cow dung in the potting mixture. Four different levels (1, 2, 3, 4 g per pot) of four different compound fertilizers were taken as treatments such as T1- Yara Complex (N:P:K 12:11:18), T2- Yara Grower ( N:P:K 21:7:14), T3- NPK Balance (N:P:K 15:15:15) K as SOP, T4- NPK Balance (N:P:K 15:15:15) K as MOP and T5 a phosphate fertilizer Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) (N:P:K 18:46 :0). All were mixed into a modified potting mixture of topsoil: sand: coir dust 2:1:1 without cow dung. Control was the potting mixture already recommended by Department of Export Agriculture (top soil: sand: coir dust: cow dung, 2:1:1:1) without inorganic fertilizer. Each treatment contained three replicates per treatment. Complete Randomized Block Design (RCBD) was the experimental design and each block consisted with 50 plants. Two nodal cuttings of Black pepper hybrid Dingirala were planted and maintained in a propagator under a net house at central research station Matale (IM3a). After 105 days from establishment, survival percentage, growth parameters such as shoot length (cm), number of leaves and shoot dry weight (g) were measured. Soil parameters such as soil pH and EC and total N%, P% and K% of tissues were analyzed. Significantly highest (P<0.05) survival rate (91%) was recorded from recommended potting mixture used as control in this experiment and cuttings treated with 1g of Di-ammonium phosphate. Significantly highest (P<0.05) shoot length (39.1cm) was recorded from cuttings treated with 1g of Yara complex fertilizer (N:P:K 12:11:18) and Significantly highest (P<0.05) number of leaves (9.0) was recorded from cuttings treated with 1g of DAP fertilizer.Therefore, cuttings planted with top soil: sand: coir dust: cow dung, 2:1:1:1 is the best potting mixture and in absence of cow dung with normal potting mixture with 1g of Di-ammonium phosphate excelled all compound fertilizers in terms of overall growth, soil and leaf nutrient parameters of Hybrid "Dingirala" pepper nursery plants over the first 105 days after establishment.

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Chong*, Calvin, and Peter Purvis. "Raw and Composted Paper Mill Sludges and Municipal Compost in Nursery Substrates." HortScience 39, no. 4 (2004): 818A—818. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.818a.

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Silverleaf dogwood (Cornus alba L. `Argenteo-marginata'), forsythia (Forsythia × intermedia Zab. `Lynwood Gold'), and weigela (Weigela florida Bunge A.DC. `Red Prince') were grown in #2 (6-L) containers filled with 100% bark or bark mixed with 20%, 40%, or 60% (by vol.) each of raw paper mill sludge (RB group), composted paper mill sludge (CB group), a proprietory paper mill sludge-derived compost (PB group), and municipal compost (MB group). A fifth substrate group (MH) consisted of 100% hemp chips or hemp chips mixed with the same rates of municipal compost. The containers were trickle-irrigated and fertilized with a controlled-release fertilizer. Among the bark-amended groups, growth was highest for dogwood and forsythia with PB, increasing dramatically and peaking at ca. 40% rate (68 and 94 g/plant top dry weight, respectively). Growth of these species was intermediate with MB and CB and least with RB, increasing to rates ≥ 50% in these groups, except for a nonsignificant response of dogwood to RB. Growth of weigela increased equally with PB and MB substrates up to ca. 40% (117 g/plant), but was unresponsive to rates of RB and CB. With the hemp-amended MH group, growth of all three species increased to rates ≥ 50% (62, 93, and 116 g/plant for dogwood, forsythia, and weigela, respectively). Growth of the three species over most rates of all substrate groups was similar to, or exceeded, that in 80% bark: 15% peat: 5% topsoil, a proven nursery mix. Top dry weight of all three species was positively correlated with soluble salts concentrations in the substrates at planting after first irrigation (0.23-1.72 dS·m-1, range over all substrates) and at various intervals during the season.

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Salifu, K. F., and V. R. Timmer. "Optimizing nitrogen loading of Picea mariana seedlings during nursery culture." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 7 (2003): 1287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-057.

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Plant growth and nutrient uptake response to increased fertilization can be conceptually described by cur vi linear relationships depicting phases of nutrient deficiency, sufficiency, luxury consumption, and toxicity to rationalize fertilizer prescriptions and improve nutrient diagnosis. We validated this model to determine optimum nitrogen storage of young black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP). Container seedlings were supplied with a mixed nitrogenphosphoruspotassium (NPK) fertilizer at rates ranging from 0 to 80 mg N/seedling and reared in a greenhouse for one growing season. Plant growth and nutritional parameters of the plants exhibited classic responses of N deficiency, luxury consumption, and toxicity that were corroborated by vector diagnosis and appeared consistent with the conceptual model. Seedling biomass production was maximized at sufficiency (30 mg N/seedling), whereas N content of tissues peaked at the optimum loading rate (64 mg N/seedling). Toxicity occurred at the 80 mg N/seedling dose rate that increased plant N concentration (5%) but reduced growth (17%) and N content (14%) relative to the optimum level. Plant N content was raised 150% by optimum loading, exemplifying the effectiveness of this practice for building internal N reserves prior to planting. The newly validated model will help refine fertilizer recommendations and nutrient diagnosis for other species or cultural systems.

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Herlambang, Susila, Danang Yudhiantoro, Indriana Lestari, and Muammar Gomareuzzaman. "Application of Sheep Urine Fermentation and Biochar Coconut for Growth Vegetables Plant." RSF Conference Series: Engineering and Technology 1, no. 1 (2021): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/cset.v1i1.409.

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The Covid-19 pandemic to date has had an impact on all sectors of life in society, which is the provision of food sources by society. Various efforts have been made to the fulfillment of food needs in the community can fulfill as they should so that food security can be realized during this pandemic. This research was conducted so that the community can fulfill their needs, especially food needs by utilizing waste, especially solid, and liquid waste and increasing the productivity of food crops to increase the fulfillment of community needs. This research was conducted applied soil ameliorant coconut biochar at coastal soil Samas beach. After that application sheep urine fermentation for add nutrient in the soil. The stages of carrying out this research include: taking soil samples, preparing materials for making biochar and urine fermented for fertilizer, nursery pakcoy, preparing planting media, soil ameliorant coconut shell biochar, transferring pakcoy seeds, maintaining and administering urine fertilizer treatment to planting media, and plant vegetative observations. The result application was added material both biochar and sheep urine fermented. It was mixed media can repaired root area in the soil and increase avaibility of nutrient for supporting growth of stem height, account of leaves, length, width, and color of the leaf with the application of coconut shell biochar dosage 15 tons per hectare mixed treatment sheep urine 100 ml per liter of water was best treatnment. It can good growth pakcoy plants. and Its benefit from a relatively short period, and It can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers that It can cause environmental degradation

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Chong, Calvin, and Peter Purvis. "Nursery crop response to substrates amended with raw paper mill sludge, composted paper mill sludge and composted municipal waste." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 84, no. 4 (2004): 1127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p04-031.

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Silverleaf dogwood (Cornus alba L. ‘Argenteo-marginata’), forsythia (Forsythia × intermedia Zab. ‘Lynwood Gold’), and weigela (Weigela florida Bunge A.DC. ‘Red Prince’) were grown in #2 (6-L) containers filled with 100% bark or bark mixed with 20, 40 or 60% by volume each of raw paper mill sludge (RB group), Bio Soil compost containing 100% paper mill sludge (BCB group), Waterdown compost containing 40% paper sludge, 40% chicken manure and 20% sawdust (WCB group), and municipal compost consisting of leaf and yard waste (MCB group). A fifth substrate group (MCH) consisted of 100% hemp chips or hemp chips mixed with the same rates of municipal compost. The containers were trickle-irrigated and fertilized with a controlled-release fertilizer. Regression analysis indicated that growth among the barkamended groups was highest for dogwood and forsythia with WCB, increasing dramatically and peaking at about the 40% rate (68 and 94 g plant-1 aboveground dry weight, respectively). Growth of these species was intermediate with MCB and BCB and least with RB, increasing to rates ≥ 50% in these groups. There was no significant response of dogwood to RB. Growth of weigela increased equally with WCB and MCB substrates up to about 40% (117 g plant-1), but was not influenced by varying rates of RB and BCB. With the hemp-amended MCH group, growth of all three species increased to rates ≥ 50% (62, 93, and 116 g plant-1 for dogwood, forsythia and weigela, respectively). Growth of the three species over most rates of all substrate groups was similar to, or exceeded that in 80% bark: 15% peat: 5% topsoil, a proven nursery mix. Aboveground dry weight of all three species was positively correlated with soluble salts concentrations in the substrates sampled at planting and on other sampling dates during the season. Key words: Nursery, ornamentals, waste and compost utilization

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Chong, Calvin. "Experiences with the utilization of wastes in nursery potting mixes and as field soil amendments." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 79, no. 1 (1999): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p97-144.

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The nursery/landscape industry has been one of the fastest growing agricultural sectors in Canada. Since 1980s, the Ornamental Nursery Research Program at the Horticultural Research Institute of Ontario (HRIO) has been conducting research which focuses on environmentally friendly production practices. Emphasis is on the use of composted or uncomposted organic wastes as amendments in container potting mixes. Various projects have evaluated mixes derived from wastes such as spent mushroom compost, paper mill sludge, apple pomace, and various types of barks. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the scope of the research expanded to include composting and a wider assortment of wastes such as waxed corrugated cardboard, municipal solid waste compost, wood chips from pallets and furniture and demolition wastes, food wastes, and organic fertilizers manufactured from meat by-products, and selected industrial wastes. Presently, paper mill sludge is being evaluated as field soil amendment for growing nursery shade trees and also for use in rehabilitating marginal, non-agricultural land. Key words: Waste recycling, land rehabilitation, composts, organic wastes, container culture, shade tree culture, ornamentals, nutrition

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Chong, Calvin, and Peter Purvis. "(100) Use of Raw and Composted Paper Mill Sludges, Municipal Waste Composts, and Other Waste Ingredients in Container Nursery Substrates." HortScience 40, no. 4 (2005): 1048D—1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1048d.

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Plug-rooted liners of deutzia (Deutzia gracilis), dogwood (Cornus alba `Argenteo-marginata'), forsythia (Forsythia×intermedia `Lynwood Gold'), and ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius) were grown in 6-L containers. There were 36 different treatment substrates formulated in factorial combinations: two types of paper mill sludge (raw or composted) each at three rates (25%, 33%, or 50%, by volume) mixed with one of three sources of municipal waste compost (cities of Guelph, Toronto, or Waterloo; 25%, 33%, or 50%), and the remainder consisting of one of two base supplements (pine bark or 1-year-old wood chips; 50%, 33%, or 0%). The containers were trickle-irrigated and fertilized with a controlled-release fertilizer. Dogwood (no treatment interaction and responding only to the main effect of compost sources) grew equally well with Toronto and Waterloo composts, but less well with the Guelph compost. Ninebark tended to grow better with Toronto compost, intermediate or similar with Waterloo compost, and least with Guelph compost. Forsythia grew equally well in all bark-based substrates, regardless of sludge type and rate or compost source. With wood-chip-based substrates, however, forsythia grew better with Waterloo than with Guelph compost, and better with raw than with composted sludge when mixed with Toronto compost. Deutzia responded similarly to most substrates, but grew marginally better with raw than with composted paper sludge when Waterloo or Toronto compost was present. Despite these differences in species responses, all plants were of marketable size at the end of the season. There was no sign of nutrient toxicity or deficiency due to any of the substrates.

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Fathi Al-Rubaie, Omar Ahmed, and Esam Mohammed Sheet Hamid. "Use a Mixture of Wood Lignin and Some Fertilizer to Improve the Chemical Content of Olive Seedlings." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1060, no. 1 (2022): 012055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1060/1/012055.

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Abstract The study was conducted during the season 2021-2020 and was distributed on two main axes: the first is to extract the lignin from the trees of Milea azedarach L. The extraction process was carried out in the chemistry laboratory belonging to the College of agricultural technology/Mosul according to the basic method used in the manufacture of paper and paper paste. the second is the selection of one of the olive fields in the Nineveh forest nursery belonging to the Department of Agriculture of Nineveh and combating desertification, to find out the effect of the extract of lignin added to types of fertilizers and the overlap between them in the chemical content of the leaves. The three-factor experiment with three iterators was designed according to the design of complete random sectors (RCBD), This experiment was carried out on her from the cuttings of olive cultivar Arbequina if the factor on the concentrations of the extract accent (0,60%), while the second three types of fertilizer(compound fertilizer NPK, fertilizer nitrogen of Urea, compost mixture (Urea50%+NPK50%), the second factor was four levels of the proportion of mixing shellac with the quality( 0,10%,15%,25%), Proceedings of the spraying process early in the morning until the pallet is full, using the spray device sales capacity 2 liters. The results of the study showed that the treatment of seedlings with lignin extract concentration (60%) has a significant effect on both the content of the leaves (percentage of nitrogen, percentage of phosphorus, percentage of potassium), while the treatment with compound fertilizer was superior and at a concentration of 129 g.l-1significant in the percentage of carbohydrates, and to spray the olive seedlings with nitrogen fertilizer (Urea) especially the concentration of 10 g.l-1 While the treatment with mixed fertilizer (NPK 50%+ Urea 50%) showed significant effects in most of the studied chemical qualities, as for the two-and three-way interactions of the study transactions gave a significant effect in improving all the chemical qualities of the leaves and various concentrations, which led to the emergence of positive effects on the seedlings of olive trees for the transactions understudy, which led to increased activity and growth of seedlings throughout the research period.

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Hossain, Md Rayhan, Fawzia Adib Flowra, Saiful Islam, Shishir Kumar Dey, and Sayeeda Sultana. "Status of fish culture in Rajshahi City Corporation of Bangladesh." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 3, no. 1 (2017): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v3i1.32043.

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The present study carried on 16 sampling ponds in Rajshahi City Corporation, Rajshahi, Bangladesh during the period from August, 2005 to April, 2006. The main theme of this work was to find out the impact on present status of improved traditional culture and mixed culture in various pond. This study involved the observations made on physical characteristics, ownerships system, ponds preparation, stocking combinations of fish seeds, post stocking management and maintenance, harvesting and cost analysis of 16 improved traditional managed ponds in Rajshahi City Corporation. The primary data for the study was taken from the growers of these ponds. After collecting primary data, it was analyzed by suitable statistical method. Physical characteristics of the sampling pond were found. Water depth more or less sufficient, water colour greenish, presence of sunlight was sufficient, water source was mainly drain and rain and various shaped of pond was found. Pond was prepared by traditional method using pesticides (Phostoxin, Rotanone, Sumithion, Quick fume), lime and fertilizers (Urea, TSP., Cow dung). The fish seed were stocked in different ponds. In Sac fry was stocked in 4 nursery ponds. Post stocking management and maintenance were included inorganic fertilizer (Urea, TSP), organic fertilizer cow dung, applied weekly and supplementary feeds were used daily. It was observed that 15 ponds were made profit and one pond had loss. Two types of ownership were found (three years and five years) in the study period. During the study time two types of harvesting method were found. They were partial and final harvest. Mainly two types of production cost such as variable cost (lease, pond preparation, pesticide use, fertilizer etc.) and fixed cost (cost of net, net preservation, tax of pond etc.) were observed in the study period.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2017, 3(1): 94-102

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Araújo, James Maciel de, Maria Júlia da Silva Rodrigues, Márcia da Costa Capistrano, Romeu de Carvalho Andrade Neto, Eduardo Pacca Luna Mattar, and Aureny Maria Pereira Lunz. "Shading and controlled-release fertilizer in the production of Oenocarpus bataua Mart. Seedlings." Comunicata Scientiae 14 (August 7, 2023): e3988. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v14.3988.

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When associated an adequate shading and nutrition the seedlings to reach characteristics that allow them tosurvive in the field and increase production. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the production of Oenocarpusbataua seedlings in response to different shade environments and controlled-release fertilizer doses. Thestudy was carried out from at the Embrapa nursery located in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre state. Theexperimental design was complete randomized blocks with three replications and six plants per plot. Thetreatments were distributed according to a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, i.e., four shade environments (20%, 30%, 50%and 75%) and five CRF doses (0.0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 kg m–3) mixed with the substrate. Biometric, biomass andquality variables were evaluated at 305 days after transplanting. The ANOVA was applied for the qualitativefactor and regression analysis was performed for the quantitative factor, both at 5% probability. The treatmentswere grouped by analyzing canonical variables, a multivariate statistical and realized the Pearson’s correlationbetween variables was determined through correlation networks. The shading environment and the controlledreleasefertilizer positively influenced the growth and quality of Oenocarpus bataua seedlings. The seedlings ofOenocarpus bataua have better biometric characteristics produced in a nursery with 50% shading. Oenocarpusbataua seedlings show better quality when 3.88 kg m-3 of controlled release fertilizer are used.

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Rosariawari, Firra, and Fabian Pascalis Serenai. "PEMANFAATAN SEDIMEN SELOKAN SALURAN AIR DI DINOYO SURABAYA SEBAGAI CAMPURAN MEDIA TANAM GUNA MENDUKUNG URBAN FARMING YANG RAMAH LINGKUNGAN." EnviroUS 2, no. 2 (2022): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/envirous.v2i2.125.

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Dredging sediment by the Public Works Department of Highways and drainage Surabaya generate sediments as much as 595 040 m3 / year. Sediment reuse is intended to increase the potential value of sediment as a nursery growing medium for landscaping or urban agriculture, this study aims to determine the effect of sediment as a planting medium by mixing the results of other waste processing, including green compost and coco peat using variations 1:1;1, 1:3:1, 1:5:1, the vegetative test of Capsicum frutescens nursery for 2 weeks, and response to the addition of NPK fertilizer. The results of the study after pretreatment drying, pulverizing, sifting showed the best mixture ratio was 1; 1; 1 with the final result parameters C 3.58%, N 0.31%, P 0.02%, K 1.63%, CEC 43 .92 emol/kg, C/N 21, pH 8.55, no toxicity with percentage inhibition of seed growth 4%, optimal nursery growth and lower nutrient loss. Research shows that sediment can be used as a mixed substrate for eco-friendly planting media in sustainable long time.

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Shirazi, A. M., and L. H. Fuchigami. "Application of Processed Fiber for Nursery Crop Production." HortScience 33, no. 3 (1998): 523a—523. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.523a.

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Composted Tillamook Methane-digested dairy manure (processed fiber) plus woodwaste from landfills at Tillamook, Ore., was compared with Langerwerf, Calif., processed fiber amended with woodwaste from Tillamook, a mixture of peatmoss and pumice, and two commercial mixes from Black Gold Inc., Hubbard, Ore. Electrical conductivity, water-holding capacity, pH, cation exchange capacity, and mineral contents of Tillamook processed fiber with a mixture of wood waste were within the acceptable range for production of some nursery crops. Tillamook processed fiber with a mixture of wood waste media were favorable for the germination and growth of the lettuce and radish cultivars. The performance for seed germination was comparable to the performance of both Black Gold media and better than the other media. The growth of marigold `Bonanza Yellow', petunia `Plum Maddness', and salvia `Purple Sizzler' in Tillamook processed fiber wood media, supplemented with weekly feeding of fertilizer, was comparable to their growth in Black Gold media and better than the other media. The growth of `Double Delight' rose plants in Tillamook processed fiber wood media was similar to their performance in Black Gold media.

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Owen, W. Garrett. "Leaf Tissue Nutrient Sufficiency Ranges of Four Heuchera Cultivars by Chronological Age." HortScience 54, no. 10 (2019): 1751–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci14222-19.

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Coral bells (Heuchera sp.) are popular herbaceous perennials grown for their colorful foliage and venation and their aesthetic appeal in mixed containers and landscapes. Commercial coral bell production requires greenhouse or nursery growers to optimize production inputs such as managing mineral nutrition, thereby maximizing plant growth potential and foliage color. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum fertilizer concentrations, identify leaf tissue nutrient sufficiency ranges by chronological age, and to expand leaf tissue nutrient standards of coral bells grown in soilless substrates during container production. Coral bells (H. hybrida ‘Black Beauty’, ‘Cherry Cola’, ‘Marmalade’, and ‘Peppermint Spice’), varying in leaf color, were grown under one of six constant liquid fertilizer concentrations [50, 75, 100, 200, 300, or 400 mg·L−1 nitrogen (N)] with a constant level of water-soluble micronutrient blend in a greenhouse. Fertilizer concentrations for optimal plant growth and development were determined by analyzing plant height, diameter, growth index, and total dry mass, and were found to be 50 to 75 mg·L−1 N after a nine-week crop cycle. Recently mature leaf tissue samples were collected and analyzed for elemental content of 11 nutrients at 3, 6, and 9 weeks after transplant (WAT) from plants fertilized with 50 to 75 mg·L−1 N. The black- (‘Black Beauty’) and red- (‘Cherry Cola’) colored-leaved cultivars contained higher total N, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), and boron (B) than the orange- (‘Marmalade’) and green- (‘Peppermint Spice’) colored-leaved cultivars. For instance, in mature growth, total N concentration for ‘Black Beauty’ and ‘Cherry Cola’ ranged between 3.45 to 3.63% and 3.92% to 4.18% N, respectively, whereas for ‘Marmalade’ and ‘Peppermint Spice’, ranges were between 2.98% to 3.25% and 2.78% to 3.23% N, respectively. Optimal leaf tissue concentration sufficiency ranges determined in this scientifically based study were narrower and often times higher than previously reported survey values for coral bells.

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Eskandari, Samieh, Ali Mohammadi, Maria Sandberg, Rolf Lutz Eckstein, Kjell Hedberg, and Karin Granström. "Hydrochar-Amended Substrates for Production of Containerized Pine Tree Seedlings under Different Fertilization Regimes." Agronomy 9, no. 7 (2019): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9070350.

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There is a growing body of research that recognizes the potentials of biochar application in agricultural production systems. However, little is known about the effects of biochar, especially hydrochar, on production of containerized seedlings under nursery conditions. This study aimed to test the effects of hydrochar application on growth, quality, nutrient and heavy metal contents, and mycorrhizal association of containerized pine seedlings. The hydrochar used in this study was produced through hydrothermal carbonization of paper mill biosludge at 200 °C. Two forms of hydrochar (powder and pellet) were mixed with peat at ratios of 10% and 20% (v/v) under three levels of applied commercial fertilizer (nil, half and full rates). Application of hydrochar had positive or neutral effects on shoot biomass and stem diameter compared with control seedlings (without hydrochar) under tested fertilizer levels. Analysis of the natural logarithmic response ratios (LnRR) of quality index and nutrient and heavy metal uptake revealed that application of 20% (v/v) hydrochar powder or pellet with 50% fertilizer resulted in same quality pine seedlings with similar heavy metal (Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Cr) and nutrient (P, K, Ca and Mg) contents as untreated seedlings supplied with 100% fertilizer. Colonization percentage by ectomycorrhizae significantly increased when either forms of hydrochar were applied at a rate of 20% under unfertilized condition. The results of this study implied that application of proper rates of hydrochar from biosludge with adjusted levels of liquid fertilizer may reduce fertilizer requirements in pine nurseries.

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Costella, Claudia, Maristela Machado Araujo, Álavro Luís Pasquetti Berghetti, Suelen Carpenedo Aimi, Marllos Santos de Lima, and Adriana Maria Griebeler. "INPUTS OPTIMIZATION IN THE SEEDLINGS PRODUCTION OF Corymbia citriodora E Eucalyptus dunnii." FLORESTA 52, no. 1 (2022): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v52i1.78100.

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Corymbia citriodora and Eucalyptus dunnii are species of relevant importance due to the quality of the wood and growth potential in Southern Brazil. Therefore, we aimed to identify containers and doses of controlled-release fertilizer capable of enhancing the morphophysiological quality and growth of these species in the nursery, aiming for the proper management of these inputs. The seedlings were produced in two volumes of containers (50 e 110 cm³), filled with Sphagnum peat-based substrate, mixed with different doses of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) NPK 15-09-12 (0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 g L-1 of substrates). In addition, the morphological (height, stem diameter, leaf area, dry weight of shoot, root, and total) and physiological (chlorophyll a and b index and quantum yield of the photosystem II) attributes were evaluated. The morphological attributes proved to be suitable indicators of the quality of C. citriodora and E. dunnii seedlings, allowing to recommend the container of 50 cm³ and the doses of 9.0 g L-1 of controlled-release fertilizer for both species. At the same time, the physiological variables evaluated were not responsive to the effect of the treatments.

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Pancerz, Magdalena, Marta Czaplicka, and Przemysław Bąbelewski. "Assessment of Fresh Miscanthus Straw as Growing Media Amendment in Nursery Production of Sedum spectabile ‘Stardust’ and Hydrangea arborescens ‘Annabelle’." Plants 12, no. 8 (2023): 1639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12081639.

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The aim of this research was to assess the influence of fresh miscanthus straw shreds as a component of growing media in nursery production of perennial Sedum spectabile ‘Stardust’ and woody shrub Hydrangea arborescens ‘Annabelle’. A total of five substrate mixes composed of peatmoss and miscanthus straw were used: 100%P, 70%P:30%M, 50%P:50%M, 70%P:30%M, 100%M. Each substrate was subjected to three fertilizer treatments: Basacote, Basacote + YaraMila, and YaraMila. The growth response of both tested species was very similar. In general, plants performed best in 100%P, and the quality decreased with increasing miscanthus straw amendment; however, differences in height and dry weight at the level of ~9% suggest that Sedum plants obtained market value with up to 50% miscanthus amendment and Hydrangea plants with up to 30% miscanthus mixed in media. The most favorable effect on the tested parameters was a combination of Basacote + YaraMila, which delivered more soluble salts, and in higher rates than Basacote and YaraMila used separately. Decrease in EC and nutrients in the substrate with increase in miscanthus straw amendment suggest that uniform irrigation among all the treatments contributed to nutrients leaching from miscanthus media due to its lower water holding capacity.

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Ado, Ali, Issoufou Hassane Bil-Assanou, Dan Guimbo Iro, Toudou Daouada Abdoul Karim, Mahamane Ali, and Saadou Mahamane. "Effet De Prétraitements, De Substrats Et De Stress Hydriques Sur La Germination Et La Croissance Initiale De Diospyros Mespiliformis Hochst. Ex A.DC." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 21 (2017): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n21p231.

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This study is on the seeding and the initial growth of a food species, Diospyros mespiliformis, in Niger. Diospyros mespiliformis is an overexploited food species in Niger. The aim of this study is to determine the optimal conditions for germination and seedling growth of this species. In doing so, seed germination tests were conducted in petri dishes laboratory and seedling growth survey respectively. Also, the nursery was done using bags. The treatments involve the seed staying in warm water for 1, 3, 5, 7 days; scalding; and mechanical scarification. In the nursery, the substrates used are alluvial soil and alluvial soil mixed in 1/4, 1/3, and 1/2 of organic manure. As a result, the growth monitoring is done on plants kept in the shade. Others were exposed to the sun for 12 months by applying water stress (watering every day; 2 and 1 times per week; and without watering). Thus, the germination capacity is 55, 4% without treatment and it reached 74% by scalding. The conservation makes it reduce to 43% after 6 months and 25% after 1 year. In the nursery, the emergence rate is 52,8 % in alluvial soil, but it reduced to 10% in the substrate (soil 1/2 and 1/2 fertilizers). D. mespiliformis growth is slow during cold weather and becomes fast during hot weather. When the weather is shady or sunny, this species supports four months of drought by developing a significant root system. D. mespilformis can be used for afforestation.

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Batu, Roy Leonardo Lumban, Suprih Wijayani, and Pauliz Budi Hastuti. "Pengaruh Dosis Mikoriza dan Komposisi Media Tanam terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit di Pre Nursery." AGROISTA : Jurnal Agroteknologi 7, no. 1 (2023): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.55180/agi.v7i1.580.

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The development of oil palm plantations begins with the procurement of quality seeds. This effort is carried out through the use of mycorrhizal fungi as biological fertilizers and and improvement of seedling planting media. This study aims to determine the effect of mycorrhiza dose with the mixed composition of rice husk charcoal and top soil on the growth of oil palm seedlings in the pre-nursery. This research was a factorial experiment arranged in a completely randomized design. The composition of the planting medium consists of four levels: top soil, 25% husk charcoal with 75% humus, 50% husk charcoal plus 50% top soil, and 100% husk charcoal solely. The dose of mycorrhizal biofertilizer consists of three levels, namely: 0.5 and 10 grams per seed. The results of this study indicated that the composition of the media or the application of mycorrhizal biofertilizers had no significant effect on the growth of oil palm seedlings in prenursery. The largest seedling leaf area was produced by seedlings planted on media containing husk charcoal which was given 10 grams of mycorrhizal biofertilizer.

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René, Noufé Pépé, Tonessia Dolou Charlotte, Soko Dago Faustin, Soumahin Eric Francis, N’goran Koffi Désiré, and Akaffou Doffou Selastique. "Influence of Aloe Vera Gel on Germination and Early Growth of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Seedlings in the Nursery." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 46, no. 10 (2024): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i102928.

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Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) nursery production often relies heavily on chemical inputs to ensure vigorous seedling growth, which may have environmental and economic drawbacks. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Aloe vera gel as a natural alternative to chemical treatments for improving germination and early seedling growth of Cobra 26 tomato seeds. The study used a factorial block design to compare the effects of seed treatments (Aloe vera gel coating, mancozeb, and untreated control) and substrate types (unfertilised topsoil, NPK-fertilised topsoil, and Aloe vera gel mixed with topsoil) on seed germination and seedling growth over three nursery cycles. Seeds coated with Aloe vera gel demonstrated the highest germination rate (90.53%) and fastest germination time (3 days), outperforming both mancozeb-treated and control seeds in germination kinetics. Growth parameters such as seedling height and leaf number were significantly influenced by substrate type (p<0.03), with no notable differences between NPK and Aloe vera-treated substrates. The study suggests that Aloe vera gel, both as a seed coating and soil additive, offers a promising, eco-friendly alternative to chemical treatments, enhancing seed germination and early seedling growth in tomatoes

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Krishnapriya, M. K., N. Leno, J. M. Johnson, B. Rani, B. Joseph, and M. Ameena. "The Beneficial Effect of Thermochemical Organic Fertilizer and Root Endophytic Fungi on the Growth of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 18 (2023): 824–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i183421.

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Aim: To study the effect of thermochemical organic fertilizer (TOF) inoculated with beneficial root endophytes on the growth attributes of tomatoes grown in a nursery. Combined impact of TOF and endophytic fungi like Piriformospora indica and Glomus species on tomato growth parameters such as plant height, shoot length, fresh shoot weight, dry shoot weight, fresh root weight, dry root weight, root volume and root area were assessed. Study Design: The experiment was conducted through a completely randomized design with six treatments and 3 replications Place and Duration of Study: The protray experiment was conducted at the Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Vellayani , Kerala Agricultural University between August 2021- September 2021 Methods: Sterilized tomato seeds were sown in portrays filled with different media. Potting mixture containing soil and coir pith compost was taken as a control treatment. Other treatments were TOF with additions of endophytic fungi like Piriformospora indica (P.indica), Glomus fasciculatum, Glomus mussaea and mixed glomus in TOF. Biometric observations like plant height, shoot length, fresh weight of shoot, dry weight of shoot, fresh weight of root, root dry weight of shoot, root surface area and root volume were observed twenty eight days after sowing. Results: Inoculation with P. indica as well as Glomus sp in the medium of TOF improved plant growth compared to the uninoculated soil medium. Among all plant growth parameters analyzed, the maximum values were obtained in plants grown in a medium of TOF+ P. indica. With respect to root fresh weight, there was no significant difference between treatments of TOF + P. indica and TOF+ other Glomus species including G. fasciculatum and G. mossaea. TOF treated with P .indica and G. fasciculatum outperformed as best in the case of root dry weight compared to all other treatments.  Conclusion: Beneficial root endophytes like Piriformospora indica and Glomus sp grown in thermochemical organic fertilizer were found to have greater potential in promoting the growth of tomato plants in the nursery.

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Abukari, Ammal, and Nasare Iddrisu Nasare. "Effect of Different Rates of Rice Husk Biochar on the Initial Growth of Moringa oleifera under Greenhouse Conditions in the Savannah Ecological Zone of Ghana." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 8, no. 1 (2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i1.13-17.2532.

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This investigation was conducted to evaluate the outcome of rice husk biochar on growth performance of moringa. The study was carried-out in a greenhouse for 52 days. Different rates of rice husk biochar (150 to 350 g) was mixed with 500 g of soil. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 treatments (each of which was replicated 3 times) was used, giving a total of 12 experimental units. Plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves were assessed for each treatment. Results indicate that rice husk biochar (150 g, 250 g and 350 g) significantly increased the stem diameter of moringa as compared to that of the control 52 days after in the greenhouse. An increase in the number of leaves were observed at 150 g rice husk biochar after 40 days compared to the control. There were significant differences between treatments effects on all the parameters. Different rates of biochar certainly could constitute vital use of fertilizer to improve growth moringa in the nursery.

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Sax, Miles Schwartz, and Bryant C. Scharenbroch. "Assessing Alternative Organic Amendments as Horticultural Substrates for Growing Trees in Containers1." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 35, no. 2 (2017): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-35.2.66.

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Abstract Conventional substrates for nursery plant production typically are soilless media that are comprised of low bulk density material with either organic or synthetic components. These mixes aim to provide a lightweight medium that provides acceptable water holding capacity and nutrient retention and create a suitable environment for root proliferation and biomass growth. In an effort to identify alternatives to traditional container substrates, a comparative amendment study was conducted to observe changes in media qualities and plant growth response of Aronia melanocarpa ‘Viking' and Acer saccharum over a period of 16 months. Materials used to amend traditional medium included composted green waste, biosolids and wood chips, biochar, aerated compost tea and vermicompost. The results of this study found that all amendments performed equally as well as control (NULL) treatments for root, shoot and total biomass production for both Aronia melanocarpa ‘Viking' and Acer saccharum. After a period of 16 months, significant changes in biochemical properties had occurred in mediums amended with biochar, wood chips, composts and biosolids. This study provides data on a variety of alternative materials that can be used as substitutes for traditional greenhouse medium in production of nursery tree stock. Index words: aerated compost tea, biochar, biosolids, carbon to nitrogen ratio, compost, dissolved organic carbon, electrical conductivity, fertilizer, microbial biomass carbon, control, active carbon, microbial respiration, leaf fluorescence, soil water tension, total nitrogen, total organic carbon, volumetric water content, wood chips, water holding capacity. Species used in this study: ‘Viking' black chokeberry [Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott]; sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marshall).

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Fierro, A., J. Norrie, A. Gosselin, and C. J. Beauchamp. "Response of Several Grass and Legume Species to Paper Deinking Sludge." HortScience 30, no. 4 (1995): 859G—860. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.859g.

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Paper recycling generates large quantities of de-inking sludge, which is disposed of mainly by landfilling. More ecological disposal alternatives include land application and use as a container nursery medium. In this study, raw de-inking sludge was evaluated as a medium component supplemented with applications of four N fertilization regimes for the growth of three grass species (Festuca ovina duriuscula, Agropyron elongatum, Alopecurus pratensis), and four regimes of P fertilization for the growth of three Rhizobium-inoculated legumes (Medicago lupulina, Galega orientalis, Melillotus officinalis). Fertilizer was applied on the basis of sludge rate to maintain a uniform C: N ratio across sludge treatments. In one experiment, sand was mixed with 0, 10%, 20%, and 30% sludge by volume and 20% perlite, while in a second experiment, mineral soil was mixed with 0, 27%, 53%, and 80 % sludge and 20% perlite. Results indicate that shoot dry weight of all species increased with the amount of sludge in the mixture in tests with sand. In the soil mixture experiment, grasses showed the best response to treatments of 53% sludge mixture at the two highest N treatments. In general, shoot dry weight was more directly related to the total amount of N applied than to the C: N ratio of the substrate. The nutritional status (foliar N and P) also was investigated for one grass and one legume species.

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Fierro, A., J. Norrie, A. Gosselin, and C. J. Beauchamp. "Response of Several Grass and Legume Species to Paper Deinking Sludge." HortScience 30, no. 4 (1995): 859G—860. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.859.

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Paper recycling generates large quantities of de-inking sludge, which is disposed of mainly by landfilling. More ecological disposal alternatives include land application and use as a container nursery medium. In this study, raw de-inking sludge was evaluated as a medium component supplemented with applications of four N fertilization regimes for the growth of three grass species (Festuca ovina duriuscula, Agropyron elongatum, Alopecurus pratensis), and four regimes of P fertilization for the growth of three Rhizobium-inoculated legumes (Medicago lupulina, Galega orientalis, Melillotus officinalis). Fertilizer was applied on the basis of sludge rate to maintain a uniform C: N ratio across sludge treatments. In one experiment, sand was mixed with 0, 10%, 20%, and 30% sludge by volume and 20% perlite, while in a second experiment, mineral soil was mixed with 0, 27%, 53%, and 80 % sludge and 20% perlite. Results indicate that shoot dry weight of all species increased with the amount of sludge in the mixture in tests with sand. In the soil mixture experiment, grasses showed the best response to treatments of 53% sludge mixture at the two highest N treatments. In general, shoot dry weight was more directly related to the total amount of N applied than to the C: N ratio of the substrate. The nutritional status (foliar N and P) also was investigated for one grass and one legume species.

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MOREIRA, Fatima Maria de Souza, Katia Pereira COELHO, Paula Rose de Almeida RIBEIRO, and Amanda Azarias GUIMARÃES. "Nursery growth and rhizobia symbiosis of scandent Leguminosae species native to the Amazon region." Acta Amazonica 46, no. 4 (2016): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201600392.

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ABSTRACT A great number of species and individuals of scandent legumes establishing symbiosis with nitrogen fixing bacteria occurs in the Amazon Forest. These symbiosis probably play an important role in contributing to nitrogen incorporation in this ecossystem. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the growth of eight species of scandent legumes in five nursery substrates; to compare nodulation with rhizobia strains introduced or native to these substrates; and to characterize phenotypically and genetically these rhizobia. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with five replications. Five to seven months after seedling emergency, according to the legume species, growth and nodulation parameters were determined. Rhizobia identification of strains was carried out by 16S rRNA gene partial sequencing. The survival of seedlings after the transplanting varied from 93 to 98%, in Ultisol (Argissolo in Brazilian classification), collected in primary forest, and fertilized with all nutrients, except nitrogen (ULTfert); and in a clay and sand mixture, in a ratio 3:2 (CONV), respectively. Species with height superior to 30 cm, in general, grew better in substrates with higher fertility: ULTfert and Humic Gley soil (HG). Seven out of the eight species were able to nodulate. The percentage of nodulation per substrate was: SAND, washed sand with mixed inoculum of 100 rhizobia strains plus fertilization (100), HG (80), CONV (100), ULT, A-horizon of red-yellow Ultisol collected in the Ducke Forest Reserve (Manaus) (44), and ULTfert (55%). Bradyrhizobium spp. were isolated from nodules of all species and substrates. Burkolderia fungorum was isolated from Dalbergia inundata. For Dalbergia riedelli and Dalbergia inundata, this is the first report on the identification of symbiotic strains. Scandent legumes present high survival of seedlings in nursery, and develop better in substrates with higher fertility, and generally present symbiosis with Bradyrhizobium.

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Garcia Chance, Lauren M., Joseph P. Albano, Cindy M. Lee, Staci M. Wolfe, and Sarah A. White. "Runoff pH Influences Nutrient Removal Efficacy of Floating Treatment Wetland Systems." HortTechnology 29, no. 6 (2019): 756–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04299-19.

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Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs), a modified constructed wetland technology, can be deployed in ponds for the treatment of nursery and greenhouse irrigation runoff. The pH of nursery and greenhouse operation irrigation water varies from 3.3 to 10.4 across the United States. Water flow rate, plant species selection, and variable nutrient inputs influence the remediation efficacy of FTWs and may interact with the pH of inflow water to change nutrient remediation dynamics. Therefore, an experiment was designed to quantify the effect of pH on the growth and nutrient uptake capacity of three macrophyte species using a mesocosm FTW system. ‘Rising Sun’ japanese iris (Iris ensata), bushy bluestem (Andropogon glomeratus), and maidencane (Panicum hemitomon) were grown for two 6-week periods and exposed to five pH treatment levels representing the range of nursery and greenhouse irrigation runoff, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.2, and 8.5, for a total of 15 plant and pH combinations. Water was treated with either hydrochloric acid to decrease the pH or sodium hydroxide to increase the pH. The pH-adjusted solutions were mixed with 12 mg·L−1 nitrogen (N) and 6 mg·L−1 phosphorus (P) fertilizer (64.8 g·m−3 N and 32.4 g·m−3 P). Differences in pH impacted both N and P removal from the FTW systems for two of the three species studied, maidencane and bushy bluestem. Higher pH treatments reduced nutrient removal efficacy, but plants were still capable of consistently removing nutrients across all pH treatments. Conversely, ‘Rising Sun’ japanese iris maintained similar remediation efficacies and removal rates across all pH treatments for both N and P, possibly due to the ability to acidify its rhizosphere and modify the pH of the system. Average N and P loads were reduced by 47.3 g·m−3 N (70%) and 16.6 g·m−3 P (56%). ‘Rising Sun’ japanese iris is a promising plant for use in highly variable conditions when the pH of irrigation runoff is outside the typical range (5.5–7.5). Results from model simulations poorly predict the nutrient availability of P and ammonium in effluent, most likely due to the inability to determine plant and biological contributions to the system, such as N-fixing bacteria.

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Vashisth, Tripti, Changpin Chun, and Monica Ozores Hampton. "Florida Citrus Nursery Trends and Strategies to Enhance Production of Field-Transplant Ready Citrus Plants." Horticulturae 6, no. 1 (2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae6010008.

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The Florida citrus industry is going through major changes and considerable replanting. Many growers are planting varieties, especially rootstocks, that are potentially productive under Huanglongbing (HLB; Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus) prevalent conditions. However, the high demand for new plant material has put tremendous pressure on citrus nurseries and has created a bottleneck in production. Often it can take more than one year to produce field-transplant ready plants in nurseries; therefore, there is a critical need to accelerate plant production. This three-part study was conducted with the following objectives: (1) determine citrus nursery trends; (2) evaluate use of compost for rootstock germination; and, (3) evaluate use of compost for rootstock seedling growth. According to the nursery survey, rootstock seed germination and seedling growth were the most time-consuming, taking 6–8 months. Moreover, it was apparent from the survey results that 44% of the citrus nurseries were experimenting with potting mixes to achieve adequate plant growth and quality. Our greenhouse study demonstrated successful use of yard waste compost in place of peat moss in a potting mix. With use of 37% to 50% of compost in the potting mix, the overall germination rate and mean emergence time were improved to 70% in less than four weeks for US-897 rootstock as compared to no compost in the potting mix. In addition, 37% to 50% compost resulted in higher biomass accumulation in seedlings. When seedlings of rootstocks C-32 and Flying Dragon were grown with 37% to 50% compost, the growth rate and, therefore, percentage of successful budding were significantly increased as compared to no compost. In addition, substrate analysis indicated that a high compost potting media was rich in mineral nutrients, hence the use of fertilizer in nurseries could be minimized. Altogether, use of compost in place of peat moss seems promising and could accelerate germination and growth of rootstocks, reducing the production time as well as cost.

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Bzdyk, Roman, Jacek Olchowik, Marcin Studnicki, et al. "The Impact of Effective Microorganisms (EM) and Organic and Mineral Fertilizers on the Growth and Mycorrhizal Colonization of Fagus sylvatica and Quercus robur Seedlings in a Bare-Root Nursery Experiment." Forests 9, no. 10 (2018): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9100597.

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Every year there are changes in the register of fungicides available for forestry. It is proactive to develop a new strategy to minimise the application of chemical methods and replace them with natural and biological fungal control options. This study compares the influence after one growing season in a bare-root forest nursery of (a) effective microorganisms (EM) consisting of mixed cultures of beneficial and naturally-occurring microorganisms, (b) the organic fertilizer Actifos (Act), and (c) the mineral fertilizer Busz Forte (BF) on the growth and mycorrhizal colonization of two common forest deciduous tree species: Fagus sylvatica and Quercus robur. None of the analysed growth parameters (root collar diameter, length of shoots and roots, dry mass of shoots, and roots) of either tested tree species differed significantly among treatments. For both tree species, seedlings treated with EM exhibited partnerships with a smaller species richness of mycorrhizae than did seedlings in other treatments. Moreover, EM treatment significantly increased the abundance of non-vital root tips for both species. By contrast, BF exerted a negative effect on F. sylvatica non-vital mycorrhiza abundance. Based on morphological and molecular identification, a total of 11 ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal taxa were detected in this study; three species (Peziza ostracoderma, Scleroderma areolatum and Cenococcum-like) were shared between both plant species. Across treatments, the most abundant ECM fungal species on F. sylvatica roots were Pezizaceae sp. (51.1%) and Hebeloma sp. (38.1%), while Peziza ostracoderma (26.8%), Naucoria salicis (24.1%), and Scleroderma areolatum (16.9%) were the most abundant taxa on Q. robur seedling roots. Our data indicate a negative effect of EM on ectomycorrhizal colonisation and on species richness of ECM fungi associated with F. sylvatica and Q. robur seedlings. None of the tested products had a negative effect on seedling growth, but seedlings treated with EM were characterised by a significant higher abundance of non-vital mycorrhizae.

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Lavagi, Valeria, Jonathan Kaplan, Georgios Vidalakis, et al. "Recycling Agricultural Waste to Enhance Sustainable Greenhouse Agriculture: Analyzing the Cost-Effectiveness and Agronomic Benefits of Bokashi and Biochar Byproducts as Soil Amendments in Citrus Nursery Production." Sustainability 16, no. 14 (2024): 6070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16146070.

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Applying bokashi (Bok) at 10% volume/volume (v/v), biochar (BC) at 10% v/v, and their combination (Bok_BC) as soil amendments significantly enhances citrus nursery production, improving plant growth and soil health, alongside offering notable economic benefits. Our greenhouse experiment evaluated these treatments across two fertilizer doses, at half (700 μS/cm) and full (1400 μS/cm) electrical conductivity (EC) levels, compared to a control mix, demonstrating improved nutrient availability, water retention, growth rates, and potential for carbon sequestration. Based on the results of this experiment, a cost–benefit analysis was performed; the BC treatment yielded substantial savings, particularly in large nurseries where BC at 700 μS/cm electrical conductivity (EC) saved USD 1356.38 per day and the same treatment at 1400 μS/cm EC saved USD 1857.53. These savings stem from increased nutrient contents (N, P, and K) and improved water retention, reducing irrigation; shortened growth cycles due to enhanced growth rates were observed, indirectly suggesting reduced electricity costs for greenhouse operations. Additionally, the increased carbon content within the soil points toward long-term benefits from carbon sequestration, further contributing to the sustainability and economic viability of these practices. These findings highlight the economic advantage of incorporating Bok and BC into soil mixes, providing a cost-effective strategy for enhancing greenhouse agriculture sustainability.

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Larbi, E., S. Anim-Okyere, F. Danso, and I. Danso. "Evaluation of farm yard manure (sheep bedding) on the soil fertility, leaf mineral composition, and growth performance of oil palm seedlings." Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice 4, no. 6 (2019): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31248/jasp2018.072.

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This study was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and leaf mineral composition of oil palm seedlings as influenced by the application of sheep manure. Partially decomposed farmyard manure from sheep was mixed with soil and filled into polybags (28 cm x 35 cm lay flat) in proportions as treatments: (25% soil: 75% FYM); (50% soil: 50% FYM); (75% soil: 25% FYM); and (100% soil + NPK 15:15:15) as control. The treatments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four (4) replications. Assessment was made for morphological growth (plant height, leaf number, and butt circumference), physiological growth (crown and root biomass) and leaf nutrients status analysed for N, P, K, Ca and Mg. There was no significant (p ≤ 0.05) difference observed in growth parameters. It was however observed that treatments with a higher amount of manure (25% soil: 75% FYM) showed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher biomass production than the control. The leaf nutrients analysis for N, P, K, Ca and Mg indicated lower concentration than their respective optimum levels. This study revealed that oil palm seedlings can grow well on soil amended with farmyard manure from sheep and that higher percentage of 25% soil: 75% FYM seem more promising. The FYM application will help boost the vegetative growth of oil palm seedling thus reducing inorganic fertilizer application in the nursery.

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Krucker, Michele, Rita L. Hummel, and Craig Cogger. "Chrysanthemum Production in Composted and Noncomposted Organic Waste Substrates Fertilized with Nitrogen at Two Rates Using Surface and Subirrigation." HortScience 45, no. 11 (2010): 1695–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.11.1695.

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As nursery and greenhouse growers adopt more sustainable production practices, interest has grown in local, recycled organic materials (ROM) as partial or complete substitutes for peat in container substrates. Chrysanthemum ×morifolium Ramat. ‘Shasta’ was grown in substrates formulated from ROM: 1) 100% Groco, an anaerobically digested biosolids composted with sawdust; 2) 100% Tagro, a thermophilically digested class A biosolid mixed with sawdust and sand; 3) 100% dairy compost, the solids screened from dairy manure slurry and then composted; 4) 100% dairy fiber, the solids fraction from an anaerobic dairy manure digester; 5) 50% Groco:50% douglas-fir bark (mixed by volume); 6) 50% Tagro:50% bark; 7) 50% dairy compost:50% bark; 8) 50% dairy fiber:50% bark; and 9) the control, a commercial peat–perlite mixture. Soluble fertilizer [200 mg·L−1 nitrogen (N)] was applied every second day (high N) or every fourth day (low N). Water was applied through capillary mat subirrigation or overhead sprinkler surface irrigation. Surface irrigation and high N produced shoot dry weight, shoot growth index (SGI), quality, and flower bud counts similar to controls in all ROMs but Groco. Groco SGI was similar to the control but the other parameters were lower. Surface-irrigated, low N shoot dry weight, SGI, and flower buds in all ROM equaled or exceeded the control and quality was similar to or better than controls in all but dairy compost:bark. Subirrigated and high N substrate comparisons indicated that growth, quality, and flower bud measurements were similar to the control except for Groco in which performance was reduced. Low N rate subirrigation produced dry weight, SGI, quality, and flower buds similar to or better than the control in all but the Groco and dairy compost:bark substrates. The generally inferior performance in Groco is likely the result of its low water-holding capacity. In substrates with higher available N (Groco, Tagro, Tagro:bark, and dairy fiber), plant growth parameters generally did not respond to doubling the applied N; in the other substrates, including the control, growth generally increased in response to additional N. Measured differences in leaf color across treatments were not large. Root growth of plants in the experimental substrates was similar to the control in both irrigation systems. Substrate effects on leachate nitrate-N were small and inconsistent. When properly constituted, biosolids and dairy manure can be used as substrates under reduced fertilization with both surface and subirrigation systems.

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Yilangai, Rahila, S. Manu, W. Pineau, S. Mailumo, and K. Okeke-Agulu. "The Effect of Biochar and Cro p Veil on Growth and Yield of Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentus Mill) in Jos, North central Nigeria." Current Agriculture Research Journal 2, no. 1 (2014): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.2.1.05.

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This study investigated the effect of charcoal(biochar) and crop veil on the growth of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentus Mill) in Jos, North central Nigeria. Four Super Vegetable Garden growingbeds and four traditional vegetable beds each measuring 15 m2 (12.5 m by 1.2 m) and 1 m gap between beds were laid out.The soil on both SVG and traditional beds were mixed with the same quantity of inorganic and organic fertilizer for plant development. After preparing the subsoil, 30 kg of biochar was spread on the four SVG beds as evenly as possible.Tomato seedlings were raised in the nursery for the period of 4 weeks after which they were transplanted on the SVG and traditional beds at 30 cmspacing. Data werecollected using systematic random sampling technique by creating small plots of 2.5 by 1.2 cm on the beds at 2.5 cm intervals between plots. The stem growth was recorded twice at 4 and 6 weeks after transplanting using a 100 cm rule. Fruits were counted on each plant within plots and recorded. Results obtained from this research showed that stem growth was very significantly higher in tomatoes grown on SVG beds treated with charcoal and covered with veil than traditional beds without charcoal and veil covering. Fruit yield in tomato plant was also significantly higher on beds with charcoal than beds without charcoal. This finding is important in improving food security through increase in soil fertility and crop yield in Nigeria and Sub Saharan Africa at large.

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Alvarez, José M., Claudio Pasian, Rattan Lal, Rafael López, and Manuel Fernández. "Vermicompost and biochar substrates can reduce nutrients leachates on containerized ornamental plant production." Horticultura Brasileira 37, no. 1 (2019): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620190107.

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ABSTRACT Containerized ornamental plant production is facing several environmental challenges. One of them is to replace the widely used, but with questionable sustainability, peat based substrates and another is to avoid water contamination by chemicals leaching from the nursery. Therefore, as have been verified that petunia and pelargonium plants can be produced in peat-based growing media partially replaced by vermicompost (V) and biochar (B) without decreasing commercial quality, this study has focused on analyzing the leachate from a standard peat-based substrate as a control, used for producing these two ornamental species, and those from the same substrate to which different proportions in volume of V (10% and 20%) and B (4% and 12%) have been added. The amount of nitrogen leached from the mixed substrates was reduced compared to the control one in both species (on average 37%). Nitrogen was leached mainly as nitrate-nitrogen (89% in Petunia and 97% in Pelargonium). In Petunia phosphorous leaching was also decreased (30%) for the treatment with 10% V and 4% B, while potassium leaching in substrate containing 20% V and 12% B increased by 100%. Our results show that these two organic materials tested (V and B) can help producers to reduce the use of peat and chemical fertilizers as well as the risk of contamination by chemicals, mainly nitrate.

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Domenico Prisa and Giordano Menci. "Production and evaluation of new microbic strains on zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) plants and control of Powdery mildew and Cladosporiosis." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 20, no. 1 (2024): 338–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2024.20.1.0275.

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Research objective: The main objective of this article is to report the results obtained from the use of new microbial strains on vegetable plants. In particular, the article will deal with two important topics: i) the study of the effect of microorganisms on the biomass of vegetable plants; ii) the possible control of mortality due to diseases such as powdery mildew and Cladosporiosis. The information reported in this research work can support the design of cropping systems in which agricultural sustainability is fundamental due to the presence of microorganisms with biostimulating activity and as a possible alternative to synthetic plant protection products. Materials and Methods: The plants were grown in pots under controlled conditions; 30 seedlings per thesis, divided into 3 replications of 10 plants each, were planted in early February 2024. The plants used in the trial were Cucurbita pepo L.. The six experimental groups in cultivation were: i) group without microorganisms, irrigated with water and previously fertilised substrate; ii) group with Paecilomyces lilacinus, irrigated with water and previously fertilised substrate, (4.5 x 106 spores/ml), 5ml of product sprayed per kg of substrate; iii) group with Azospirillum sp., irrigated with water and previously fertilised substrate, (4 x 108 spores/g), 1g of mixed product per kg of substrate; iv) group with Glomus sp., irrigated with water and previously fertilised substrate, (3 x 109 spores/g), 1g of mixed product per kg of substrate; v) group with Trichoderma viride, irrigated with water and previously fertilised substrate, (3.6 x 108 spores/ml), 5ml of product sprayed per kg of substrate; vi) group with mix Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas sp. and Trichoderma viride, irrigated with water and previously fertilised substrate, (2.3 x 108 spores/ml) 5 ml of product sprayed per kg of substrate. On 5 June 2024, plant height, number of leaves, total leaf area per plant (mm2), primary root length (mm), biomass of the aerial and root system, number and weight of fruits, flowers number and the number of plants dead from powdery mildew and cladosporiosis attacks were recorded. Results and Discussion: The experiment showed that the use of of different types of probiotic and plant defence microorganisms can indeed significantly improve the vegetative and root growth of Cucurbita pepo L.. All treatments showed a significant improvement over the untreated control for the agronomic parameters analysed. The Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas sp. and Trichoderma viride treatment with a mix of microorganisms was significantly the best in terms of increasing vegetative and root biomass. Improvements were also found in plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and root length. In addition, significant effects were found on the number of flowers and fruits as well as fruit weight. The trial also revealed the significant effect of the products on the control of powdery mildew and Cladosporiosis, in which case the product PL (Paecilomyces lilacinus) was the best on the two diseases. Conclusions: Experiments have shown that the use of microorganisms can significantly improve the growth, vegetative and root biomass of Cucurbita pepo L.. The treatment also offers increased resistance to mortality that can occur in nursery cultivation. A variety of horticultural and ornamental species have already been tested with microorganisms in previous trials, which highlight other interesting and innovative aspects of the use of microorganisms. Due to the importance of using microbial inoculums in plants, the new agricultural experiments are extremely important as they may allow the development of new products for organic and sustainable farming systems and lead to better results.

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Prananda, Rekha, Indriyanto ., and Melya Riniarti. "Respon Pertumbuhan Bibit Jabon (Anthocephalus Cadamba) Dengan Pemberian Kompos Kotoran Sapi Pada Media Penyapihan." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 2, no. 3 (2014): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl3229-38.

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Kadam is one type of fast growing trees species. One of the factors that affect plant growth are nutrients, the use of organic fertilizer such as cow manure compost soil mix additive during planting can increase nutrient substances in the soil that plants need for growth. The purpose of this experiment was to study the growth response of kadam seedling at different mixing ratio betwen soil with cow manure compost at seedling growth media and the best comparison of soil mixed with cow manure compost where gave the best effect on the growth of kadam seedling. The experiment was conducted from March until June 2012 in the nursery PT Subur Anugrah Sejahtera, District of Kaur, Sub District Air Palawan. The method used in this experiment was randomized block design (RBD) with 5 groups and 5 treatments. Treatment of this experiment were growth media consisted of top soil, top soil + compost (1:1), top soil + compost (1:2), top soil + compost (1:3) and top soil + compost (1:4). Each experimental unit consisted of 10 seedlings. Similarity variety tested with Bartlett test, then performed analysis of variance and comparison of average values between treatments with HSD test, all the tests done at 5% significance level. The results showed that composition of soil and cow manure compost significantly affect to height, seedling height, dry weight of root, and seedling quality index. Composition of soil and cow manure compost 1:2 resulted the best of high growth, seedling high, dry weight of root, and the best seedling quality index respectively 42.64 cm, 40.56 cm, 10.22 g, and 8.73 g. For further research recommended to conduct the same study by replacing the type by cow manure compost white chiken manure compost as a growth media seedling so, can obtain new knowledge about the type of compost with for growth media.

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Domenico, Prisa, and Menci Giordano. "Production and evaluation of new microbic strains on zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) plants and control of Powdery mildew and Cladosporiosis." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 20, no. 1 (2024): 338–48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13684939.

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Research objective: The main objective of this article is to report the results obtained from the use of new microbial strains on vegetable plants. In particular, the article will deal with two important topics: i) the study of the effect of microorganisms on the biomass of vegetable plants; ii) the possible control of mortality due to diseases such as powdery mildew and Cladosporiosis. The information reported in this research work can support the design of cropping systems in which agricultural sustainability is fundamental due to the presence of microorganisms with biostimulating activity and as a possible alternative to synthetic plant protection products. Materials and Methods: The plants were grown in pots under controlled conditions; 30 seedlings per thesis, divided into 3 replications of 10 plants each, were planted in early February 2024. The plants used in the trial were Cucurbita pepo L.. The six experimental groups in cultivation were: i) group without microorganisms, irrigated with water and previously fertilised substrate; ii) group with Paecilomyces lilacinus, irrigated with water and previously fertilised substrate, (4.5 x 106 spores/ml), 5ml of product sprayed per kg of substrate; iii) group with Azospirillum sp., irrigated with water and previously fertilised substrate, (4 x 108 spores/g), 1g of mixed product per kg of substrate; iv) group with Glomus sp., irrigated with water and previously fertilised substrate, (3 x 109 spores/g), 1g of mixed product per kg of substrate; v) group with Trichoderma viride, irrigated with water and previously fertilised substrate, (3.6 x 108 spores/ml), 5ml of product sprayed per kg of substrate; vi) group with mix Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas sp. and Trichoderma viride, irrigated with water and previously fertilised substrate, (2.3 x 108 spores/ml) 5 ml of product sprayed per kg of substrate. On 5 June 2024, plant height, number of leaves, total leaf area per plant (mm2), primary root length (mm), biomass of the aerial and root system, number and weight of fruits, flowers number and the number of plants dead from powdery mildew and cladosporiosis attacks were recorded. Results and Discussion: The experiment showed that the use of of different types of probiotic and plant defence microorganisms can indeed significantly improve the vegetative and root growth of Cucurbita pepo L.. All treatments showed a significant improvement over the untreated control for the agronomic parameters analysed. The Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas sp. and Trichoderma viride treatment with a mix of microorganisms was significantly the best in terms of increasing vegetative and root biomass. Improvements were also found in plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and root length. In addition, significant effects were found on the number of flowers and fruits as well as fruit weight. The trial also revealed the significant effect of the products on the control of powdery mildew and Cladosporiosis, in which case the product PL (Paecilomyces lilacinus) was the best on the two diseases. Conclusions: Experiments have shown that the use of microorganisms can significantly improve the growth, vegetative and root biomass of Cucurbita pepo L.. The treatment also offers increased resistance to mortality that can occur in nursery cultivation. A variety of horticultural and ornamental species have already been tested with microorganisms in previous trials, which highlight other interesting and innovative aspects of the use of microorganisms. Due to the importance of using microbial inoculums in plants, the new agricultural experiments are extremely important as they may allow the development of new products for organic and sustainable farming systems and lead to better results.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Nursery Fertilizer Mixer'

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