Journal articles: 'Nurses – Training of – Sri Lanka'

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Williams, Gerald, and P. N. Sajeewani. "Critical Care Nursing in Sri Lanka: Brief History and Recent Advances." Connect: The World of Critical Care Nursing 13, no. 3 (2019): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/wfccn-d-20-00003.

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This article summarizes the development of critical care nursing in Sri Lanka. After years of development, Sri Lanka steadily progresses to establish critical care medicine as a separate specialty with fully trained Intensivists and nurses playing pivotal roles. However, courses of critical care nurse training are still lacking. Other barriers in developing critical care nursing in Sri Lanka include lacking career development plan, financial and policy support. The formulation of the Sri Lanka Society of Critical Care Nurses is helpful to fill this gap and to build up a local critical care nursing community in Sri Lanka.

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Godamunne, A. U. K., D. M. G. Fernando, and S. U. B. Tennakoon. "(P1-44) Health Emergency and Disaster Management Training for Health Professionals." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (2011): s112—s113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11003761.

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BackgroundSri Lanka has learned, with contributions from a 30-year war and a tsunami, that disasters happen when and where least expected. Thus the Health Emergency and Disaster Management Training Centre (HEDMaTC) of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya was established to prepare Sri Lankan healthcare workers for all forms of health disasters.DescriptionHEDMaTC conducts training programmes for health professionals, including medical doctors, nurses, emergency technical officers, ambulance drivers and porters. As these are adult training programmes practical methods of training such as drills, workstations, group work and hands on training have been used, in addition to lectures. Emergency care equipment, specific kits and techniques and desktop exercises are used to demonstrate protocols of emergency management and discuss principles of risk management, disaster management concepts, conceptual and technical challenges in measuring disasters and their impact on public health and its effective management. Participants prepare action plans for their individual institution based on the knowledge gained and are discussed in follow up programmes a month later.OutcomeHEDMaTC is the only institution in Sri Lanka that is accredited by the Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka to train their staff in disaster management. HEDMaTC has trained 200 personnel in Public Health Emergency and Disaster Management, 117 in Sexual and Reproductive Health Services in Crises and 1034 in pre-hospital emergency care. The trained personnel were mobilized to the North and East of the country to handle healthcare issues, ranging from administration to ground work, of almost 300,000 displaced civilians in 2009 with a very satisfactory outcome.RecommendationsThe training methods used in these programmes are especially beneficial in adult training and it is to be recommended. We also recommend that HEDMaTC to be developed as a regional training center for South Asia.

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Wanninayake, Shalini Dananja, Michael O’Donnell, and Sue Williamson. "COVID-19 and job demands and resources experienced by nurses in Sri Lanka." Economic and Labour Relations Review 33, no. 1 (2022): 100–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10353046221077509.

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Sri Lanka has a history of successfully managing communicable diseases by utilising its extensive public healthcare network of community clinics and public hospitals. This article makes use of Job Demands-Resources theory (JD-R) to examine the impact of COVID-19 on nurses’ working conditions in public and private hospitals in Sri Lanka. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses’ job demands on public hospital wards included long working hours, limited workplace autonomy, minimal medical resources and high workloads caused by understaffing. Private hospital nurses experienced pressure from patients and their families to provide them with discounts on medical bills. Nurses allocated to work on COVID-19 wards experienced additional physical job demands from wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) for lengthy periods on hospital wards in a humid climate. Nurses on COVID-19 wards also experienced increased anxiety that they could transmit the disease to family members. While nurses experienced job resources such as social support from nursing supervisors and other nurses, they reported receiving minimal training in the provision of healthcare to COVID-19 patients. This combination of high job demands and low job resources increased the levels of exhaustion and mental distress experienced by many nurses working on COVID-19 hospital wards. JEL codes H51, H54, J24, J45, O15

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Guruge, Sepali. "Nurses’ Role in Caring for Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence in the Sri Lankan Context." ISRN Nursing 2012 (July 16, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/486273.

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Intimate partner violence has short- and long-term physical and mental health consequences. As the largest healthcare workforce globally, nurses are well positioned to care for abused women. However, their role in this regard has not been researched in some countries. This paper is based on a qualitative study that explored how Sri Lankan nurses perceive their role in caring for women who have experienced partner violence. Interviews with 30 nurses who worked in diverse clinical and geographical settings in Sri Lanka revealed that nurses’ role involved: identifying abuse, taking care of patients’ physical needs, attending to their safety, providing support and advice, and making referrals. Barriers to providing care included lack of knowledge; heavy workload; language barriers; threats to personal safety; nurses’ status within the healthcare hierarchy; and lack of communication and collaboration between various stakeholder groups within the healthcare system. Nurses also identified a lack of appropriate services and support within hospitals and in the community. The findings reveal an urgent need for the healthcare system to respond to nurses’ educational and training needs and help them function autonomously within multidisciplinary teams when caring for abused women. The findings also point to a need to address institutional barriers including the lack of appropriate services for abused women.

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Dunuwille, AN, and R. Gunawardane. "Electrophysiology - Initial Sri Lankan Experience." Nepalese Heart Journal 3, no. 3 (2004): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njh.v3i3.26100.

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Electrophysiology services, though established throughout the world for the diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmias, were unavailable in Sri Lanka until recently. The first Electrophysiology laboratory was set up in August 2003 at the Institute of Cardiology at the National Hospital of Sri Lanka. This is the main cardiology referral center for the whole country. Here we report our initial experience in electrophysiology during this short period of six months. Our lab consists of a Bard Duo analyzer with a Micropace stimulator and an EPT 1000 RF ablator. The team consists of a Consultant Cardiac Electrophysiologist, a Senior Registrar, two ECG technicians and an assisting nurse, Only the Consultant has undergone formal training in EP. The ECG technicians are trained in monitoring for vascular interventions and one has undergone a short (two week) training course in handling the EP lab. All others in the team receive on the job training. All studies have been done using a total of 25 Bard EP catheters (5 ablation and the rest a selection of quad and decapolar diagnostic catheters) that have been re-usedafter gas sterilization. Our lab time consists of one day a week. The total number of daysavailable since the inception is 17 days.

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Swahnberg, Katarina, Anke Zbikowski, Kumudu Wijewardene, et al. "Can Forum Play Contribute to Counteracting Abuse in Health Care? A Pilot Intervention Study in Sri Lanka." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 9 (2019): 1616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091616.

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Obstetric violence refers to the mistreatment of women in pregnancy and childbirth care by their health providers. It is linked to poor quality of care, lack of trust in health systems, and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Evidence of interventions to reduce and prevent obstetric violence is limited. We developed a training intervention using a participatory theatre technique called Forum Play inspired by the Theatre of the Oppressed for health providers in Sri Lanka. This paper assesses the potential of the training method to increase staff awareness of obstetric violence and promote taking action to reduce or prevent it. We conducted four workshops with 20 physicians and 30 nurses working in three hospitals in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Participants completed a questionnaire before and three-to-four months after the intervention. At follow-up, participants more often reported that they had been involved in situations of obstetric violence, indicating new knowledge of the phenomenon and/or an increase in their ability to conceptualise it. The intervention appears promising for improving the abilities of health care providers to recognise obstetric violence, the first step in counteracting it. The study demonstrates the value of developing further studies to assess the longitudinal impacts of theatre-based training interventions to reduce obstetric violence and, ultimately, improve patient care.

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Piyumanthi, Ranasingha A. P., Napagoda A. Y. Isuruni, Geekiyanage N. U. Abeyrathne, et al. "Are the future nurses geared to protect themselves from blood borne viruses? A descriptive cross-sectional study from Sri Lanka." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 11 (2020): 4227. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20204718.

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Background: Nurses have a high risk of being exposed to blood borne viruses (BBV) during their day to day practices and knowledge on transmission is important. The objective was to describe the knowledge in a selected Nursing Training School in Western Province, Sri Lanka and their associated factors of transmission of BBV, among nursing students in a selected Nursing Training School in Western Province and their associated factors in Sri Lanka.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 209 nursing students from a nursing school in Sri Lanka. Data collection was done using a self-administered questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS software version 15.0. Statistical significance was tested at p<0.05.Results: Majority (57%) had poor knowledge on transmission of BBV. Most gave correct answers for transmission of HIV and Hepatitis B virus 91%, 64% (HBV) by needle stick injury (82%, 87%), through blood transfusion (90%, 80%), mother to child at birth (90%, 64%), through organ and for transmission of HBV via tattooing/piercing, 58% gave correct answers transplant (80%, 66%), direct contact with blood (75%, 62%), through unprotected sexual intercourse (93%, 50%) and tattooing/ piercing (48%, 58%). Many had poor knowledge on transmission of HIV and HBV via sharing household equipment (50%, 84%), by kissing/hugging (57%, 75%), through mosquito bites (76%, 86%), by swimming in pools (80%, 87%), by eating contaminated food (81%, 88%) and through exposure to saliva/tears/stools and urine (89%, 92%). There was a statistically significant association between knowledge on transmission of BBV with higher academic year and older age (p<0.05).Conclusions: BBV transmission needs further emphasis on the curriculum for future nurses to deliver to their utmost capabilities in the future.

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Infanti, Jennifer J., Anke Zbikowski, Kumudu Wijewardene, and Katarina Swahnberg. "Feasibility of Participatory Theater Workshops to Increase Staff Awareness of and Readiness to Respond to Abuse in Health Care: A Qualitative Study of a Pilot Intervention Using Forum Play among Sri Lankan Health Care Providers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20 (2020): 7698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207698.

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Women globally experience mistreatment by health providers during childbirth. Researchers have identified strategies to counteract this type of abuse in health care, but few have been evaluated. We used a theater technique, Forum Play, in a brief training intervention to increase awareness of abuse in health care and promote taking action to reduce or prevent it. The intervention was implemented in four workshops with 50 participating physicians and nurses from three hospitals in Colombo, Sri Lanka. This article reports the views of 23 workshop participants who also took part in four focus group discussions on the acceptability and feasibility of the method. The participants reported that the intervention method stimulated dialogue and critical reflection and increased their awareness of the everyday nature of abuses experienced by patients. Participants appreciated the participatory format of Forum Play, which allowed them to re-enact scenarios they had experienced and rehearse realistic actions to improve patient care in these situations. Structural factors were reported as limitations to the effectiveness of the intervention, including under-developed systems for protecting patient rights and reporting health provider abuses. Nonetheless, the study indicates the acceptability and feasibility of a theater-based training intervention for reducing the mistreatment of patients by health care providers in Sri Lanka.

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Wickramasinghe, D. P., A. M. P. Samarasekera, S. Senaratne, C. S. Perera, A. Tissera, and D. N. Samarasekera. "Establishment of a stoma care training program for nurses in Sri Lanka and evaluation of its effectiveness." Sri Lanka Journal of Surgery 33, no. 1 (2015): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljs.v33i1.8122.

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Dawson, Angela J., Kumuda Wijewardena, and Ellie Black. "Health and education provider collaboration to deliver adolescent sexual and reproductive health in Sri Lanka." South East Asia Journal of Public Health 3, no. 1 (2014): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v3i1.17710.

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The complex nature of adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) determinants demands a multidisciplinary and intersectoral approach. Collaborative approaches are central to the delivery of quality health care and services but the focus is often health sector specific. Few research studies have explored the views and experiences of health workers and teachers and examined how ASRH services and information are provided by professionals across the education and health sector. Sri Lanka has made considerable progress towards addressing the Millennium Development Goals (MDG), however, there are still gaps reflected in adolescent health, social indicators, and the delivery of services. Enhancing the collective efforts of teachers and health professionals may help to improve the quality and use of services and ASRH knowledge. This study aimed to identify the experiences, needs, knowledge, attitudes and practices of primary healthcare and education professionals and the strategies that best support them to deliver sexual and reproductive health information, education, counseling and clinical services to Sri Lankan adolescents. Qualitative and survey data were gathered from 65 nurses, midwives, public health inspectors, medical officers, teachers, counselors and principals in the district of Kalutara. Knowledge, attitudes and service gaps were identified in relation to contraception and policy guiding practice. Participants highlighted concerns with confidence, roles and training that were said to affect student access to appropriate health services. ASRH Collaborative practices were noted across the sectors and strategies suggested for improvement. Findings suggest that inter-professional educa-tion and training may provide opportunities to enhance collaboration supported and guided by appropriate policy, supervision and job descriptions (i.e. roles and responsibilities). South East Asia Journal of Public Health 2013; 3(1): 42-49 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v3i1.17710

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Liyanarachchi, N. D., and B. H. H. Pradeepa. "Knowledge on Newborn Life Support among the Healthcare Providers in a Tertiary Care Maternity Hospital in the Southern Province, Sri Lanka." Nursing Research and Practice 2021 (November 28, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6991584.

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Introduction. The newborn life support (NLS) is a set of educational guidelines established by the academies of Paediatrics that outline the proper procedures for resuscitation of a newborn. The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge on NLS among the healthcare providers (HCPs) in a tertiary care maternity hospital in the Southern Province, Sri Lanka. Methods. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out among doctors, nurses, and midwives, using a self-administered questionnaire. Comparison of knowledge among different categories was made using the chi-square test. Total sample of 191 consisted of 118 (61.8%) nurses, 33 (17.3%) midwives, and 36 (18.8%) doctors. The majority of HCPs (76.7%) had good knowledge of NLS; however, following guidelines on NLS among HCPs was poor (33%). According to the category, 91% of doctors and 78% of nurses had good knowledge, whereas only 48% of midwives had good knowledge. The difference of knowledge on NLS among different categories of HCPs was statistically significant ( p < 0.001 ). Only 33% of HCPs had good knowledge of following NLS guidelines. Of them, 52% were doctors, 31% were nurses, and only 18% were midwives. The difference in adherence to NLS guidelines among different categories of HCPs was highly significant statistically ( p = 0.003 ). Conclusion. The majority of the healthcare providers had good knowledge of NLS. There was a significant difference in the level of knowledge on NLS among different categories of HCPs. Gaps in the knowledge in following guidelines of NLS were noted in the majority. Newborn resuscitation has to be included in nursing and midwifery curricula, and training on NLS is essential in the orientation programs for newly recruited HCPs in maternity hospitals.

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Wijegunasekara, J. L. H. R., A. K. S. B. De Alwis, and P. V. D. S. Dharmagunawardene. "Application of a Tool for the Assessment of Core Competencies of Nursing Tutors in Selected Nurses Training Schools in Sri Lanka." Sri Lankan Journal of Medical Administration 21, no. 1 (2020): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljma.v21i1.5379.

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Adikari, Pamila Sadeeka, Dileep De Silva, Sunil De Alwis, et al. "Improving recruitment process for nurses, professions supplementary to medicine and paramedical staff." Journal of Health Technology Assessment in Midwifery 3, no. 2 (2020): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31101/jhtam.1506.

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The recruitment process of nurses, professions supplementary to medicine and paramedical staffs had been a lengthy and labourers work for the Ministry of Health and Indigenous Medical Services (MoHIMS) of Sri Lanka. The process affected the regular recruitment of mentioned staff categories. Flaws in this system contributed negatively to the country's shortage of human resources for health (HRH) as well as efforts to improve the healthcare service delivery. The aim of the study was to identify the gaps in the traditional paper-based recruitment system of the MoHIMS and to design a suitable intervention to improve the process and to assess the improvements brought about by the intervention. A service improvement project with full participation of stakeholders was planned by the Human Resource Coordination Division (HRCoD) of the MoHIMS. Qualitative methods were used to identify the gaps in the existing recruitment system and to gather the ideas for improvement. A computer based online recruitment system was implemented with the collaboration of the Department of Computer Science Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Moratuwa. The perceived satisfaction of the stakeholders was reassessed by qualitative methods. Long lag between advertising and recruitment for training was revealed. Deficiencies such as, lack of transparency, negatively affected routine office processes, inability to validate examination results during application process and frustrated applicants leaving the training programs due to lengthy selection processes were also among the main gaps identified. The implemented online recruitment system was recognised by the stakeholders for its improved timeliness, transparency and minimal interference to the routine office functions. Service improvement projects to be successful, should be implemented with full stakeholder participation. Computer based online recruitment systems can be successfully implemented in public sector recruitments to improve the efficiency and transparency

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Jayawardena, Ayanthi Saranga, S. C. Wickramasinghe, and S. R. U. Wimalaratne. "Health Care Workers’ Use Of Electronic Hospital Information System And Their Computer Literacy At The Outpatient Department In District General Hospital Trincomalee In Sri Lanka." Journal of Computer Science 2, no. 1 (2016): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31357/jcs.v2i1.1851.

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AbstractObjectives:To describe the use of Electronic Hospital Information System(EHIS) by the staff, to assess the competency of them to handle the EHIS and to assess the computer literacy among health care workers at the Out Patient’s Department(OPD) in District General Hospital(DGH) Trincomalee.Study design:A cross sectional descriptive study. A competency assessment test and a self administered questionnaire were used. Participants: All the staff members operating the EHIS at the OPD in DGH Trincomalee. Results: Regarding the general use of the EHIS medical officers (100%) used the EHIS to write prescriptions,(>70%)to get the patient’s socio-demographic details, enter patient’s history to retrieve previous medical records, to obtain what drugs available and what drugs out of stock at the outdoor pharmacy, for notification of diseases and used less frequently to get the laboratory reports (50-70%). The system was used for 17 tasks out of 20 tasks and most unused tasks were write the diagnosis according to the ICD-10. Nurses and attendents used the system less than half of the tasks for which the system was functional. The pharmacists use of the system was optimal. Overall respondents’ competency of using the system were high (>80%). Conclusions: Majority of staff members had low level of computer literacy. Majority of them used the system successfully. Recommendations: To strengthen the training program,combat several constraints and upgrade the system, provide digital X-ray imaging and download them to CDs and improved to write the diagnosis according to the ICD-10.Key words: Electronic Hospital Information System, Multi Disease Surveillance, Computer Literacy.

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Goh, C. "Developing Palliative Care in Low-Resource Countries in Asia." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (2018): 164s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.40400.

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Background and context: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) global atlas which maps palliative care needs worldwide, just over 50% of the palliative care needs reside in Asia. Development of palliative care services in Asia is patchy, with a few high income countries, such as Singapore and Japan, with palliative care services integrated into the health system. In the vast majority of countries, particularly low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), such services are lacking or only available in a few centers. Aim: To develop palliative care services in countries with no services. Strategy/Tactics: The Asia Pacific Hospice Palliative Care Network (APHN) is a nongovernmental organization which supports the development of palliative care in the Asia Pacific region. Since 2012 , it has developed a comprehensive program to build capacity for palliative care in several countries in the region, including Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. Program/Policy process: Coconceptualized and funded by the Lien Foundation, the APHN sends interdisciplinary teams of volunteer faculty to these countries to run a training of trainers program over a period of three years. Major tertiary institutions were chosen as partners, with the understanding that palliative care services would be set up once a team had been trained. An interdisciplinary team of doctors, nurses, social workers and pharmacists from each institution went through the training program together. Individuals with potential to become champions for palliative care in these countries were given further training through a clinical fellowship program at established institutions in the region. During the training participants would be expected to start palliative care services in their institutions, which will become training centers for palliative care in the future. Concomitantly, a program of advocacy for medications essential for palliative care, such as oral morphine, was also undertaken. Outcomes: Six modules of the training course were completed in each of the three countries. A corps of 20 to 30 master trainers completed the training. In each of those countries, one or more palliative care services were started in major tertiary teaching hospitals. Oral morphine availability was greatly enhanced. The master trainers organized training within their hospitals, and also for the public. Other outcomes include the recognition of palliative care as a specialty, the introduction of palliative care into undergraduate medical and nursing curricula, and development of postgraduate courses in palliative care. What was learned: It was important to target institutions which were willing establish palliative care services. An interdisciplinary group of faculty was able to teach and inspire the trainees to take up the discipline. A drug availability program was essential to provide the tools to work with.

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Michaels, Jessica, Dariusz Olszyna, Sumita Banerjee, et al. "1323. Implementation and Effectiveness of the Asia Pacific HIV Practice Course: Building Capacity of Healthcare Workers in the Region." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (2018): S404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy210.1156.

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Abstract Background Building the capacity of healthcare workers (HCW) can positively influence service quality and patient care. Given the limited HIV training opportunities in the Asia Pacific Region, the Asia Pacific HIV Practice Course (APHPC) aims to improve knowledge and skills and encourage patient-centered practice. Methods The APHPC is organized by an interprofessional organizing committee. The course was developed based on a needs assessment of HCWs in the region and is run over 4 days. Using didactic and interactive learning approaches, the course covers psychosocial, biomedical and service delivery topics. One hundred HCWs, predominantly nurses, social workers/counselors and, pharmacists have attended the course over 2 years (2016 and 2017). Participants have attended from Singapore, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Bangladesh, Papua New Guinea, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Pre- and post-course evaluations were completed, as well as daily session evaluations and a 3-month post-course evaluation. Participants rated their confidence from 1 to 5 (not confident–very confident). A paired-samples t-test was conducted to compare mean (M) confidence levels pre- and post-course in the various topics covered. Results There was significant improvement in mean confidence scores pre-course (M = 3.40, SD 0.27) and post-course (M = 4.09, SD = 0.13); t(11)= 13.1958, P &lt; 0.0001. This was seen across all topics (figure) with the most marked improvement found in models of care and barriers to care, topics that are not routinely or explicitly covered in the same detail or frequency as HIV basics, testing, treatment and prevention. In the 3-month post-course survey, participants shared the changes they have made to their local practice since attending the APHPC. Changes include, additional staff training, revisions to counseling models and services and the implementation of monitoring and evaluation structures. Conclusion The APHPC has proven to be an impactful and highly evaluated course. To ensure the course continues to influence and improve practice, the content of the course can be expanded to cover nonstandard topics, and further interactive learning experiences can be incorporated. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Parish, C. "Teacher training for Sri Lanka: PRINSETT." ELT Journal 42, no. 1 (1988): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/elt/42.1.21.

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Sivaganesh, S. "Surgical training in Sri Lanka - where next?" Sri Lanka Journal of Surgery 31, no. 3 (2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljs.v31i3.6369.

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Subasinghe, Kalpana Jeewanthi, and A. M. Shyama Deepanie Pathiranage. "The Role Of The Pediatric Nurse In Discharge Planning; Identifying Gaps In Sri Lanka." IJNP (Indonesian Journal of Nursing Practices) 5, no. 1 (2021): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/ijnp.v5i1.10748.

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Background: Pediatric discharge planning is a complex process, and that nurses need lengthy preparations. Role confusion among nurses will disrupt the smooth planning of the discharge. In Sri Lanka, although there is a possibility of reducing health costs through effective discharge planning led by pediatric nurses, it is questionable whether Sri Lankan nurses have clarified their role in this process.Method: This systematic review was conducted to map the different roles of nurses in the pediatric discharge planning process. Electronic databases of PubMed and CINAHL were searched for peer-reviewed journal articles among the pediatric population from 2005-2019, using the keywords such as discharge planning, pediatric nurse, care transitions, transitional care, and Sri Lankan nurse.Results: Articles that resulted in the word combination ‘Discharge planning and pediatric nursing (n=329) were used for screening. Two hundred and forty articles out of the nursing scope and sixty articles that do not describe an apparent nursing involvement in the discharge process were excluded, based on abstract review and full-text review, respectively. Sixteen studies were included in the final review. Few literature was found on the topic among Sri Lankan pediatric population. Four main categories of nurses’ roles were identified with the thematic analysis: discharge educator, discharge collaborator, post-discharge care coordinator, and family counselor. Conclusion: In Sri Lanka, no such defined roles of a nurse have been established yet in the discharge planning of pediatric patients. These roles may help nurses carry out discharge planning effectively, and future studies are needed on this topic in Sri Lanka.

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Calvert, Harriet. "How do we help children and families in the midst of collective trauma in Sri Lanka." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 7, no. 3 (2011): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17479891111196177.

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PurposeThis article is a conceptual paper, based on psychoanalytic understanding of a society at war, and the author attempts to deliver psychoanalytically inspired training for psychosocial workers in Sri Lanka.Design/methodology/approachThe paper starts with a description of the kind of changes that have taken place in Sri Lanka and how these can be understood as a form of collective trauma. The training delivered by the author as part of the UK‐Sri Lanka Trauma group, are described in detail. The training described in this paper can be seen as consisting of a theoretical part, a supervision part, and of an experiential part. The training is illustrated using a lot of case material, which the participants in Sri Lanka have brought.FindingsThe author notes the fact that participants from any community in Sri Lanka would themselves have been traumatised and this has been acknowledged and worked with during the training described in the paper.Originality/valueCultural aspects and dilemmas are discussed, such as what kind of challenge does an “outsider” face in delivering mental health training in a different culture to their own.

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K, Karthijekan, Sujendran S, and Genoosha N. "Opinions and Practice on Research among Nurses in Sri Lanka." International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) 11, no. 5 (2021): 420–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.11.05.2021.p11352.

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Perera, HTUK, and B. Nishantha. "DETERMINANTS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS: TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING (TVET) IN SRI LANKA." International Journal of Management, Innovation & Entrepreneurial Research 6, no. 1 (2020): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijmier.2020.6111.

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Purpose of the study: This study is focused to investigate the determinants of the entrepreneurial intention of Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) students in Sri Lanka. Methodology: The research model comprises seven independent variables i.e. entrepreneurial attitude, perceived self-efficacy, social capital, demographic factors, perceived financial support, perceived regulatory support, perceived technical vocational education, and training and dependent variables of entrepreneurial intention. The primary data was collected through administering structured questionnaires among a hundred and twenty-eight TVET students represented by three TVET sector institutions in Sri Lanka. Linear regression was applied to test the hypotheses. Main Findings: The findings of the study revealed a positive and significant impact of the variables of entrepreneurial attitudes and perceived technical vocational education and training on entrepreneurial intention of TVET students of Sri Lanka. TVET student attitudes pertaining to entrepreneurship intention are positive since they perceive that TVET enhances their entrepreneurship education and this is very important to the policymakers in entrepreneurship development to initiate effective strategies to foster entrepreneurship for TVET students. Implications: This research study provides an academic contribution to enhance the entrepreneurial intention among the TVET students in Sri Lanka.

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Boreham, Renata. "Delivering compassionate care." British Journal of Midwifery 30, no. 4 (2022): 186–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2022.30.4.186.

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Errebo, Nancy, James Knipe, Karen Forte, Victoria Karlin, and Benek Altayli. "EMDR-HAP Training in Sri Lanka Following the 2004 Tsunami." Journal of EMDR Practice and Research 2, no. 2 (2008): 124–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.124.

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On December 26, 2004, an earthquake in the Indian Ocean triggered a catastrophic tsunami. In Sri Lanka, 35,000 people died, 21,000 were injured, and more than half a million were displaced. An EMDR training program was conducted as a joint project of three organizations: EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs (HAP), International Relief Teams (IRT), and the Sri Lankan National Counselors Association (SRILNAC). Between March and December 2005, 30 Sri Lankan counselors were trained in EMDR. These counselors demonstrated competence in EMDR on several measures, treated more than 1,000 children and more than 350 adult tsunami victims with EMDR in 2005, provided narrative reports and outcome measures for most of their clients, and formed the Sri Lanka EMDR Association (SEA). The crucial steps in establishing and implementing this training program are explained, with a summary of the subjective impressions and learning experiences most valued by the training team, including an excerpt from a trainer’s journal. This information may be useful to future cross-cultural humanitarian efforts following large-scale disasters.

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Brown, Bernardo E. "Vocation for travel. Catholic priestly training in Sri Lanka." Religion 50, no. 4 (2020): 636–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0048721x.2020.1810818.

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Coombes, Ian, Judith Coombes, and Andrew Dawson. "Clinical pharmacy in Sri Lanka: translating training into practice." Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research 45, no. 4 (2015): 392–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jppr.1161.

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Jayawardene, Wasantha, Ahmed YoussefAgha, Scott LaJoie, and Mohammad Torabi. "Psychological Distress Among Nurses Caring for Victims of War in Sri Lanka." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 7, no. 3 (2013): 278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2011.36.

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AbstractObjectiveTo determine prevalence and factors associated with psychological distress among nurses caring for war victims in Sri Lanka.MethodsDescriptive, cross-sectional study design was used to collect data from 241 nurses from 2 hospitals with stratified random sampling according to workstation. Self-administered 30-item General Health Questionnaire was used to detect psychological distress.ResultsThe prevalence of psychological distress was 21%. Female sex was found to be the most significant predictor of psychological distress among nurses. Factors, such as being married, having children, or both, were found to be protective. High exposure to war victims, measured by the frequency with which a nurse tended to those patients, also resulted in less psychological distress.ConclusionsThe prevalence of psychological distress is higheramong nurses in this study compared with that among the general population. Brief screening instruments, such as the General Health Questionnaire, can be used to identify individuals at risk for psychological distress. Results suggest that the presence of a social support network helped to psychologically buffer these nurses. Findings also imply the importance of promoting positive attitudes and beneficial stress (eustress) to complement a well-developed focus on distress prevention. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;7:278-286)

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Done, Rishani Deepika Gangodage, Jina Oh, Mihae Im, and Jiyoung Park. "Pediatric Nurses' Perspectives on Family-Centered Care in Sri Lanka: A Mixed-Methods Study." Child Health Nursing Research 26, no. 1 (2020): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2020.26.1.72.

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Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate nurses’ perceptions and performance of family-centered care (FCC) at a children’s hospital in Sri Lanka and to explore the feasibility of implementing FCC in the context of the Sri Lankan healthcare system.Methods: A convergent, parallel, mixed-methods design was applied to understand Sri Lankan nurses’ perspectives on FCC. In total, 157 nurses working at a large teritagy children’s hospital responded to a self-report survey and 18 nurses participated in focus group interviews.Results: Of the factors of FCC, family participation in caring for children received the highest score (4.09±0.51) for perceptions, and information-sharing received the highest score (3.54±0.55) for performance. The qualitative data revealed the following five themes: (a) importance of the family in caring for children; (b) helping families during children’s hospitalization; (c) taking steps to implement FCC, even with imperfect knowledge; (d) barriers in the current situation; and (e) suggested strategies to promote FCC.Conclusion: Participants endorsed the concept of FCC and demonstrated some aspects of it in their day-to-day practice. The results indicate a clear knowledge deficit and several challenges, which need to be addressed to effectively implement FCC.

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Shanmugathasan, S., and A. Thirunavukkarasu. "Study on Human Resource Management Practices on Job Performance: With Special Reference to University Libraries in Sri Lanka." Asian Journal of Managerial Science 11, no. 1 (2022): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajms-2022.11.1.3159.

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Human resources are the important assets of the organization to achieve its goals and objectives. To achieve overall operations, Human Resource Management Practices have become major role in the working area. The objective of the study is to identify the impact of human resource management practices on employees’ job performance in university libraries. The population of this study is all the Library Information Assistants of the all-state universities in Sri Lanka. Out of seventeen universities, only four state universities in the Northern and Eastern Provinces of Sri Lanka were selected as sample for this study by the adoption of convenient sampling method. The questionnaire was administered to collect the data. The response rate was about 94% of total questionnaires distributed. SPSS was used for the data analysis. It was found that human resource management practices indicate significantly positive relationship between employees’ job performance in the university libraries in Sri Lanka. Each variables obtained this correlation scale such as Recruitment and selection (r = 0.496, p =0.000), Compensation (r=0.683, p=0.000), Training (r=0.690, p=0.000). In the regression analysis, it was revealed that there seems a significant impact between human resource management practices and employees’ job performance. Recruitment and selection (fi=0.267, p=0.022), compensation (fi =0.410, p =0.000), Training (fi=0.683, p = 0.000). There was a strong positive relationship obtained employees’ job performance and training (r = 0.690, p = 0.000) and minimum relationship obtained recruitment and selection (r = 0.496, p= 0.000). It can be concluded that recruitment and selection, compensation, and training impact on employees’ job performance of library information assistants of the university libraries in Sri Lanka. University libraries in Sri Lanka can improve whole universities’ performance, students’ satisfaction, and achieve the targeted performance.

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P.D.S., Greshan,, and Kithsiri, V.D. "Perspectives of the Farmers on Collection of Vegetables at Dambulla Dedicated Economic Center in Sri Lanka." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 9, no. 12 (2022): 2826–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v9i12.em11.

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Agricultural products move through several channels before reaching the final consumers. The collection process of vegetable must be effective and efficient to avoid losses in the supply chain of vegetables. The Dambulla Dedicated Economic Center (DDEC) is considered as the main hub of vegetable and fruit distribution in Sri Lanka. The objective of this research is to analyze the role of DDEC in collection of vegetables in Sri Lanka and explore whether the center meets the best practices of vegetable collection. Transportation, packing and packaging, role of middlemen, and training and knowledge on vegetable collection process were reviewed. Data were collected using a semi structured questioner from 70 farmers linked to the DDEC. High level of quality degradation, poor packing and packaging, lack of knowledge and training on collection, and inefficient role of middlemen were identified as the main issues related to the vegetable collection process of DDEC in Sri Lanka.

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Chandrasinghe, Pramodh. "A synopsis of surgical training in Sri Lanka: the past." Sri Lanka Journal of Surgery 39, no. 3 (2021): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljs.v39i3.8917.

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Editorial Team, SLJS. "Future direction of surgical training and services in Sri Lanka." Sri Lanka Journal of Surgery 39, no. 3 (2021): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljs.v39i3.8919.

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Chandrasinghe, Pramodh. "A synopsis of surgical training in Sri Lanka: the present." Sri Lanka Journal of Surgery 39, no. 3 (2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljs.v39i3.8918.

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Galagedera, Don U. A. "Industrial training methods adopted in undergraduate programmes in Sri Lanka." International Review of Education 36, no. 3 (1990): 361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01876003.

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Wijeyaratne, Chandrika N. "Specialist training in endocrinology for Sri Lanka: a pragmatic approach." Sri Lanka Journal of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism 3, no. 2 (2014): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sjdem.v3i2.6362.

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Gamage, Pandula. "Determinants of access to bank finance for small and medium-sized enterprises: The case of Shri Lanka." Corporate Ownership and Control 10, no. 3 (2013): 402–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv10i3c3art6.

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This paper examines what determines access to bank finance in small and medium-sized enterprises in Sri Lanka. The empirical evidence for this study is drawn from the Sri Lanka Enterprise Survey data set obtained from the World Bank. The logistic regression is used to analyse the data. This study found that access to bank finance is largely determined by location of the firm, availability of audited financial statements and the owner-manager’s perception ofaccess to finance. This paper can helppolicy makers make informed decisions to articulate policies, to develop training programmes, and to design support systems that can positively address the factors affecting access to bank finance forSMEs in Sri Lanka.

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Weerawardhana, Piyumi L., Lalitha Meegoda MKD, and Sampatha E Goonewardena. "Modified Delphi in adapting a tool to assess the level of knowledge and practice on adult enteral nutrition therapy among nurses." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 13, no. 5 (2022): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v13i5.42806.

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Background: Enteral nutrition (EN) is the preferred method of nutritional administration for critically ill patients according to the world’s standards. Nurses have a key role in delivering EN and assessing nurses’ knowledge and practice on this, are crucial for maintaining quality nursing care. Aims and Objectives: This study was to utilize modified Delphi in adapting a tool to assess the level of knowledge and practice on adult EN therapy among nurses in Sri Lanka. Materials and Methods: A three-round modified Delphi technique (DT) was employed in adapting a research tool to assess nurses’ knowledge and practice according to the nursing and EN guidelines in Sri Lanka. The questionnaire included 34 knowledge assessment items and 41 observational items to assess practice. Eight subject experts were purposively selected to rate each item on a 5-point Likert scale under three subheadings. Consensus defined at 80% agreement and mean ≥3. Mean value <3 was considered for suggested modifications. Experts participated in a final meeting in round 3 to finalize the tool. Results: Response rate was 100% throughout the process. During round 1, 13/34 knowledge items were modified, two were removed, and one item was added. In round 2, four items were modified, and one was removed. From the observational items, 40/41 achieved consensus, one was modified, and a new one was added in round one. One was modified in round 2. All achieved consensus by round three. The final tool contained 32 knowledge items and 42 observational items with test-retest reliability correlations ranging from 0.99 to 0.95. Conclusion: Modified DT was appropriate in achieving judgmental validity through experts’ consensus in adapting a research tool to assess nurses’ knowledge and practices on EN therapy for adult critically ill patients in Sri Lanka.

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Rajudeen, M. M., M. Janoof, and P. Dioso. "Knowledge and Caring Attitude of Sri Lankan Nurses in Providing Care for Dying Patients ― A Cohort Study." ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development 33, no. 2 (2016): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.34.

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This research identified evidence of knowledge and caring attitude among Sri Lankan nurses caring for dying patients; and identified the factors affecting nursing care for the dying in the eastern province of Sri Lanka. A quantitative cohort study design was used having questionnaires as the means of collecting the data. The purposive way of sampling selected 120 staff nurses employed in a government hospital as respondents who falls under the inclusion and exclusion criteria.There was significant evidence of caring attitude towards the dying (p = 0.005534) and knowledge on the end-of-life nursing care (p = 0.0004703) for the dying patients. Educational attainment (p = 0.050001), clinical experiences (p = 0.01499), age (p = 0.01061) and civil status (p = 0.001782) were factors affecting the knowledge and attitude of Sri Lankan nurses in delivering nursing care for the dying patients admitted to a government hospital.

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Jayamaha, Akila R., Chamilya H. Perera, Mark W. Orme, et al. "Protocol for the cultural adaptation of pulmonary rehabilitation and subsequent testing in a randomised controlled feasibility trial for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Sri Lanka." BMJ Open 10, no. 11 (2020): e041677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041677.

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IntroductionInternational guidelines recommend pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) should be offered to adults living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but PR availability is limited in Sri Lanka. Culturally appropriate PR needs to be designed and implemented in Sri Lanka. The study aims to adapt PR to the Sri Lankan context and determine the feasibility of conducting a future trial of the adapted PR in Sri Lanka.Methods and analysisEligible participants will be identified and will be invited to take part in the randomised controlled feasibility trial, which will be conducted in Central Chest Clinic, Colombo, Sri Lanka. A total of 50 participants will be recruited (anticipated from April 2021) to the trial and randomised (1:1) into one of two groups; control group receiving usual care or the intervention group receiving adapted PR. The trial intervention is a Sri Lankan-specific PR programme, which will consist of 12 sessions of exercise and health education, delivered over 6 weeks. Focus groups with adults living with COPD, caregivers and nurses and in-depth interviews with doctors and physiotherapist will be conducted to inform the Sri Lankan specific PR adaptations. After completion of PR, routine measures in both groups will be assessed by a blinded assessor. The primary outcome measure is feasibility, including assessing eligibility, uptake and completion. Qualitative evaluation of the trial using focus groups with participants and in-depth interviews with PR deliverers will be conducted to further determine feasibility and acceptability of PR, as well as the ability to run a larger future trial.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the ethics review committee of Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka and University of Leicester, UK. The results of the trial will be disseminated through patient and public involvement events, local and international conference proceedings, and peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberISRCTN13367735

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Sutharshan, N., MB Nufais, N. Shrirajanie, MH Abdul Munaff, and Gnanaselvam Kisokanth. "Perceived work-related stress and coping strategies among critical care nurses – A preliminary study from Sri Lanka." International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 11, no. 2 (2021): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v11i2.36139.

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Introduction: Work-related stress has become a major concern among the nurses over the years. Nurses experience a high level of work-related stress when work demands exceed their ability to cope. The study aimed to assess the perceived work-related stress level and coping strategies among nurses working in Critical Care Units at a Base Hospital in the Eastern Province of Sri Lanka. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among all staff nurses (105) working in critical care units. Data were collected using a validated and pre-tested self-administered questionnaire. A Perceived Stress Scale developed by Cohen et al. (1983) and validated in Sri Lanka was used to assess the work-related stress, along with coping strategies. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS version 21. Results: Around 30% of nurses had higher level of perceived stress while 45% had moderate level of perceived stress. Nearly 81% of nurses stated that religious activities are used as a common coping strategy. In addition, 96% of them used ‘positive thinking’ while 70% of them used ‘time management’ as the main coping strategy. Conclusion: The prevalence of work-related perceived stress among critical care nurses was high. Further, nurses use various emotion focused coping strategies such as regular engagement in religious activities and positive thinking and problem focused coping strategies such as time management and talk with friends/loved ones to overcome the work-related stress.

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Priyanwada, Pathiraja Ramya, and Senanayake Lakshmen. "Improving Postabortion Care: Reflections from Sri Lanka." Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 5, no. 2 (2013): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1228.

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ABSTRACT Women who have experienced complications from miscarriage and unsafely induced abortions are among the most neglected of reproductive healthcare patients. In Sri Lanka and, the highest abortion rate of 67/1000 was recorded among women in the 35 to 39 years age. Long-term consequences, such as chronic pain, pelvic inflammatory disease and tubal occlusion, leading to secondary subfertility may result following abortions, and medical treatment remains a crucial component of care. Delay in seeking care, when complications occur, is an important contributory factor leading to death of these patients. The infrastructure to make PAC services widely available usually lack in most of the developing countries. Emotional support, psychosocial counseling and provision of other reproductive services when necessary, following abortion have been shown to improve women's reproductive health and quality of their lives. Care providers need to be supportive and should ensure the confidentiality and there is a need to strengthen the existing contraception service delivery system. PAC services should be continuously reviewed and appropriate changes should be made whenever necessary. Implementation is hindered by lack of awareness of national policies, overburdened and understaff, lack of staff skilled in counseling and supervision and poor contraceptive logistics. Working in partnership, regular training, incorporation of PAC in preservice curricula is important to achieve universal access to sustainable high-quality PAC. How to cite this article Priyanwada PR, Lakshmen S. Improving Postabortion Care: Reflections from Sri Lanka. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(2):72-75.

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Sakeena, M. H. F., Alexandra A. Bennett, and Andrew J. McLachlan. "The Need to Strengthen the Role of the Pharmacist in Sri Lanka: Perspectives." Pharmacy 7, no. 2 (2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy7020054.

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The role of the pharmacist in healthcare has evolved greatly over the last half-century, from dispensing to providing direct patient-oriented activities not associated with dispensing. However, pharmacist-led healthcare services in Sri Lanka must undergo reform to fully take advantage of their expertise and training in medicine management and related outcomes in Sri Lankan patients. As befits a profession’s role development and value, professional and educational standards for pharmacists need ongoing development and growth. Currently, university curricula and continuing professional education in Sri Lanka require further development and optimisation to provide the theoretical and practical knowledge and skills regarding quality use of medicines and patient-oriented care. Furthermore, pharmacists’ roles in Sri Lankan hospital and community pharmacist settings need to be recognised and should include the pharmacist as an integral part of the multidisciplinary healthcare team in Sri Lanka. Studies from developed countries and some developing countries have demonstrated that expanded pharmacists’ roles have had a significant positive cost-effective impact on the population’s health. Therefore, the availability of qualified Sri Lankan pharmacists trained to deliver expanded professional services accompanied by greater pharmacist integration into healthcare delivery is crucially important to ensure quality use of medicines within the Sri Lankan healthcare system and optimise the medication-related needs of Sri Lankans.

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Chaminda S. Herath. "Identification of Training Needs of the Coconut Growers in Sri Lanka." CORD 32, no. 2 (2016): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v32i2.31.

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The coconut farming sector in Sri Lanka has been facing many problems which eventually led to a decrease in production and profitability in coconut farming. The main reason for the decrease in production has been the non adoption of scientific technologies primarily due to the lack of technical knowledge of coconut growers on scientific cultivation practices. Hence, a study was undertaken to assess the technical knowledge and the level of adoption of management practices with a view to identify and prioritize the training needs of coconut growers’. Training needs of the growers were assessed using the Borich Needs Assessment Model. The identified training needs were filtered by quadrant analysis. The discrepancy score of grower’s and the coconut development officers’ of the three districts were used as the dimensions of the quadrant analysis. The training needs were identified under four categories namely, planting practices, fertilizer application practices, agronomy practices and pest management practices. The study revealed that the most knowledgeable aspect was the planting practices and the least knowledgeable was the pest management practices, as evidenced by higher level of adoption of planting practices and the least adoption of pest management practices. It was concluded from the study that the most desirable training need was on the pest management practices followed by fertilizer application practices in the coconut triangle of Sri Lanka.

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O'Reilly, Gerard M., Mark Fitzgerald, Yashbir Dewan, Kylie Chou, Joseph Mathew, and Nitin Peters. "The Alfred Trauma Team Training Program in India and Sri Lanka." Emergency Medicine Australasia 23, no. 5 (2011): 632–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-6723.2011.01459.x.

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Miller, Sam. "Journalism training in Sri Lanka: meeting the needs of working journalists." Changing English 13, no. 2 (2006): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13586840600833663.

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Wickremeratne, Naveen, and Priyanga Dunusinghe. "Youth Not in Education, Employment and Training (NEET) in Sri Lanka." Advances in Economics and Business 6, no. 5 (2018): 339–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/aeb.2018.060508.

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Oliver, KADC. "Teacher Training by Distance Education with special reference to Sri Lanka." OUSL Journal 1 (December 10, 1997): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/ouslj.v1i0.373.

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Pain, Adam. "Agricultural Research in Sri Lanka: An Historical Account." Modern Asian Studies 20, no. 4 (1986): 755–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00013718.

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An underlying premise of much of the comment on developing countries' agricultural research organizations and capabilities, has been that they are weak, and have been unsuccessful in generating new technologies and meeting farmers' needs. Indeed, one of the very justifications for the setting up of the series of international research institutes, such as the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) was that national research programmes were seen to lack sufficient strength and organization to be able to respond to the urgent needs of food production that were identified in the 1960s. It was argued that a primary role of the International Centres would be to support and develop such national research programmes both through training and the provision of new plant varieties and technologies, and that the building up of local research capability in developing countries would come only after the International Research Centres had developed and transferred the new technologies.

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Tennekoon, Shashini. "ROLE OF THE TOP MANAGERS IN CO-CURRICULAR PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION IN PRESERVICE TEACHER EDUCATION INSTITUTES." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 11 (2021): 132–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13723.

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This study is directly related to understanding the process of co-curricular implementation in a Preservice Teacher Training Institute in Sri Lanka, in order to get the maximum benefit of it with the view of making teacher training more effective in these institutions.

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Chandradasa, Miyuru, and K. A. L. A. Kuruppuarachchi. "Child and youth mental health in post-war Sri Lanka." BJPsych. International 14, no. 2 (2017): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s2056474000001756.

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Sri Lanka's civil war and the tsunami in 2004 had enormous psychological impacts on the country's children. Tackling these issues has been difficult due to the lack of specialists in child and adolescent psychiatry. The end of the war in 2009 opened new avenues for the development of mental health services for children and youth in Sri Lanka. The year 2016 was historic in that the first board-certified child and adolescent psychiatrists assumed services in the country, after training in Australia.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Nurses – Training of – Sri Lanka'

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