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Cope, Afton D., and L. Lee Glenn. "Unsafe Injection Procedures and Staff Training." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7485.
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The study by Rehan et al. [1] was evaluated for support of the conclusion was by the data. The deviations from recommended practices were infrequent and not shown to be clinically significant. Although a strong study, the conclusion that world-wide education programs are needed is not warranted.
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Rådlund, Maria, and Norberg Sara Skalberg. "Sjuksköterskans förberedelser inför smärtsamma procedurer på barn – en litteraturstudie." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-15813.
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Syfte: Beskriva förberedande faktorer vilket kan ha betydelse vid smärtsamma procedurer på barn. Vidare var syftet att granska vilket urval de inkluderade artiklarna använt sig av. Metod: Beskrivande litteraturstudie. Litteraturstudien grundar sig på tjugotvå inkluderade artiklar. Tre stycken artiklar med kvalitativ ansats, sjutton stycken med kvantitativ ansats, samt två med både kvalitativ och kvantitativ ansats. Resultat: Fyra områden vilka kan ha betydelse vid smärtsamma procedurer på barn framkom. Distraktion: ett effektivt verktyg mot oro och ångest. Distraktionen hindrade inte sjuksköterskan vid den smärtsamma proceduren och var kostnadseffektiv. Föräldraroll och coping: Föräldrars stöd var viktigt för uppbyggnad av coping strategier inför och under den smärtsamma proceduren. Sjuksköterskans roll: Förberedelse och hantering av material inför den smärtsamma proceduren har betydelse för att hindra uppkomst av oro hos barnet. Sjuksköterskan ska kunna bemöta barnet utifrån dess kunskapsnivå och ålder. Farmakologisk omvårdnad: Läkemedel visar positiva resultat på smärta. Detta är ett komplement till omvårdnaden. Metodologisk aspekt: Deltagarna till de inkluderade studierna rekryterades via fyra olika urvalsmetoder. Slutsats: Förberedelser av barn inför smärtsamma procedurer inkluderar flera områden. Sjuksköterskans betydande roll inkluderar att ge information till barnet och hjälpa barnet att utveckla coping strategier. Distraktion kan vara ett bra hjälpmedel, lika så farmakologisk omvårdnad. Sjuksköterskan bör kunna se helheten i mötet med barn.Objective: Describe preparatory factors which can be of importance during painful procedures on children. A further aim was to examine which method of selection the included articles had chosen. Method: Descriptive literature study. The literature study is based on twenty-two included articles. Three articles feature a qualitative design, seventeen a quantitative design, and two were based on a both a qualitative and quantitative design. Results: Four areas of importance which can be of importance during painful procedures on children were established. Distraction: An effective tool to combat worry and anxiety. Distraction did not hinder the nurse during the painful procedure and was cost effective. Parent influence and coping: Parental support was an invaluable tool to developing coping mechanisms while preparing for and undergoing the painful procedure. The role of the nurse: Preparation of the necessary equipment for the painful procedure is of importance to prevent the development of anxiety in the child. The nurse must be able to relate to the child based on the child´s level of understanding and age. Pharmacological nursing: Pharmaceuticals show positive results on pain. This is a complement to the care. Methodological aspect: Participants of the included case studies were chosen by four different methods of selection. Conclusion: Preparation of children for painful procedures includes several areas. The nurse has an important role which includes giving information to the child and helping the child develop coping strategies. Distraction can be a helpful tool as can pharmacological nursing. The nurse must be able to consider all aspects in the treatment of children.
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Campbell, Marsha. "Co-bedding as a comfort for twins undergoing painful procedures." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106435.
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Background. Maternal skin contact during a tissue breaking procedure lowers pain reactivity and enhances physiological recovery. It is uncertain if this comfort is derived solely from maternal presence or from stabilization of regulatory processes from direct skin contact. No studies have examined whether the contact or presence of a twin would have a similar comforting effect.Purpose. To compare the comfort effect of co-bedding by contrasting preterm twins who are co-bedding and those who are not on pain response during a tissue breaking procedure (heel lance). Methods. Following consent, 67 eligible twin sets, admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) were stratified in pairs by gestational age (≤ 31 6/7 weeks or 32 weeks) and site and then randomly assigned to a co-bedding group, n=36, (cared for in the same incubator or crib) or a standard care group, n=31, (cared for in a separate incubator or crib). Pain response was determined by physiologic and videotaped facial reaction in accordance with the Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP). Additional outcomes included physiologic time to recovery, alterations in salivary cortisol, heart rate variability, frequency of additional 24% sucrose doses required, and response of the co-twin. Sample size was calculated using a 2-sided alpha error of 0.05 and a power of 80 percent. Sixty four sets of twins or a total of 128 infants were needed to detect a difference of 1 point or greater change (SD 2.0) in the PIPP scores if such a difference is in fact caused by co-bedding. Analysis was based on the intention-to-treat principle and compared the means in the two groups before and after treatment and contrasted the mean difference between groups using 95 percent confidence intervals and a 2 sided P value of 0.05. Results. Mean PIPP scores were highest at 30 seconds post lance and not significantly different between the groups, 7.1 (SD 2.8) in the co-bedding group and 7.2 (SD 3.4) in the standard care group, P=0.91. Nor were they significantly different at 60 or 120 seconds. At 90 seconds, mean scores were higher in the co-bedding group, 6.0 (SD 3.0) vs. 5.0 (SD 1.8), P=0.04, [95% CI -1.99 to -0.02] in the standard care group. Recovery time post lance was over a minute shorter, M=75.6 seconds (SD 70.0), in the co-bedding condition compared to standard care, M=142.1 seconds (SD 138.1), P=0.001, mean difference of 64.5 seconds (95% CI. 25.6-103.3). No group differences were noted in baseline cortisol levels (0.36 ug/dl if assigned to receive co-bedding and 0.43 ug/dl in the standard group) while cortisol levels 20 minutes post lance were significantly lower in the co-bedding group, 0.28 ug/dl (SD 0.25) versus 0.50 ug/dl (SD 0.73). Similarly, mean change in cortisol from baseline was lower in the co-bedding group, -0.06 ug/dl compared to the standard care group, 0.14 ug/dl, P=0.05. Co-bedding infants were significantly less likely to receive any form of additional non-pharmacologic strategy (non-nutritive sucking, swaddling or facilitated tucking), 58.2% versus 95%, P<0.001. Heart variability, frequency of additional sucrose dosages, co-twin response and incidence of adverse events were not significantly different between the groups. Conclusions. The results of this randomized controlled trial provide evidence that co-bedding enhances physiologic recovery and diminishes the stress response of preterm twins undergoing heel lance in the NICU but did not lead to lower pain scores. Co-bedding did not decrease the frequency of additional 24% sucrose doses. Nor did co-bedding contribute to higher adverse effects for the twin undergoing heel lance or his/her co-twin.Clinical Trial Registry - NCT00917631Introduction. Durant une procédure causant un dommage tissulaire, le contact de peau entre un bébé prématuré et sa mère diminue les réactions de douleur de celui-ci et l'aide à récupérer plus rapidement au niveau physiologique. Aucune étude n'a examiné si le contact ou la présence d'un jumeau prématuré pourrait avoir un effet réconfortant sur son jumeau. Objectif. Lors d'une procédure causant un dommage tissulaire (ponction au talon), comparer l'effet réconfortant du partage de lit entre jumeaux, le co-bedding, sur la réponse à la douleur en contrastant les bébés qui sont en co-bedding avec ceux qui ne le sont pas. Méthodes. Après avoir obtenu le consentement, 67 ensembles de jumeaux éligibles admis à l'unité des soins intensifs de néonatalogie furent stratifiés en pairs par âge gestationnel (≤ 31 6/7 semaines ou 32 semaines) et le site. Ceux-ci furent randomisés au groupe de co-bedding, n=36 ou au groupe de soins standards, n=31. La réponse douloureuse fut déterminée par les réactions physiologiques et faciales (captées par vidéo) en lien avec l'échelle de douleur Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP). Des résultats additionnels furent collectés tels que le temps de récupération physiologique, altérations du niveau de cortisol salivaire, variabilité du rythme cardiaque, nombre de doses de sucrose 24% administrées, ainsi que la réponse de l'autre jumeau. La taille de l'échantillon fut calculée en utilisant une marge d'erreur à 5% et une puissance de 80%. Soixante-quatre ensembles de jumeaux ou un total de 128 nourrissons étaient nécessaires pour détecter une différence de 1 point ou plus (écart type (ÉT) 2.0) du score PIPP afin de déterminer si ce changement est bel et bien dû au co-bedding. Les analyses furent basées sur le principe de l'intention-à-traiter et ont comparé les moyennes des deux groupes avant et après le traitement, ainsi que les différences moyennes en utilisant un niveau de confiance de 95% et une valeur bilatérale de P à 0.05. Résultats. Les moyennes des scores PIPP furent à leur plus haut 30 secondes suivant la ponction au talon et ne furent pas significativement différentes entre les deux groups, 7.1 (ÉT 2.8) pour le groupe co-bedding et 7.2 (ÉT 3.4) pour le groupe de soins standards, P=0.91. Ces scores ne furent pas significativement différents à 60 ou 120 secondes. À 90 secondes, les scores moyens furent plus élevés dans le groupe de co-bedding, 6.0 (ÉT 3.0) vs. 5.0 (ÉT 1.8), P=0.04, [CI -1.99 à -0.02] pour le groupe de soins standards. Le temps de récupération après la ponction au talon fut de plus de 1 minute, M=75.6 secondes (ÉT 70.0), pour le groupe en co-bedding comparativement au groupe en soins standards, M=142.1 secondes (ÉT 138.1), P=0.001, différence moyenne de 64.5 secondes (CI. 25.6-103.3). Aucune différence entre les groupes fut notée entre les niveaux de bases de cortisol.Les niveaux de cortisol 20 minutes après la ponction au talon furent significativement plus bas dans le groupe du co-bedding, 0.28 ug/dl (ÉT 0.25) versus 0.50 ug/dl (ÉT 0.73). Similairement, la moyenne du changement du niveau de base du cortisol était plus basse dans le groupe du co-bedding, -0.06 ug/dl et 0.14 ug/dl, pour le groupe de soins standards, P=0.05. Les bébés en co-bedding ont eu moins tendance à recevoir des traitements non-pharmacologiques additionnels (succion avec tétine, enveloppement toucher), soit 58.2% versus 95%, P<0.001. La variabilité du rythme cardiaque, la fréquence de doses additionnelles de sucrose, la réponse de l'autre jumeau, ainsi que l'incidence d'événements néfastes ne furent pas significativement différentes entre les deux groupes. Conclusions. Les résultats de cette étude contrôlée randomisée démontrent que le co-bedding entre jumeaux prématurés accroît leur récupération physiologique et diminue leur réponse de stress lors d'une ponction au talon mais sans mener à une réduction de leurs scores de douleur. [NCT00917631]
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Aveyard, H. "Does informed consent theory inform nursing practice? : an exploration of the application of informed consent prior to nursing care procedures." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2000. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/does-informed-consent-theory-inform-nursing-practice--an-exploration-of-the-application-of-informed-consent-prior-to-nursing-care-procedures(39554aa7-cfb4-41e6-81bd-a522ccf1d851).html.
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Downing, Nancy Ruth. "Couples' illness representation and coping procedures in prodromal Huntington disease." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2693.
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Huntington disease (HD) is a degenerative neurological disease that typically onsets in midlife. It leads to progressively severe impairment in cognitive, behavioral, and motor function and premature death. Persons who test positive for the HD gene expansion know they will develop the disease. Research indicates changes are detectable several years before onset. Thus, HD has a long prodromal period (prHD). While researchers are aware of changes, little is known whether persons with prHD or their companions notice changes, or how they make sense of and cope with them. Leventhal and colleagues developed the Common Sense Model of Illness Representation (CSM) to describe how people make sense of illness. According to the CSM, people notice somatic changes, form illness representations, select coping procedures and evaluate them, and reappraise illness representations in an iterative process. The CSM has been used to explore illness representations in a variety of illnesses, including diagnosed HD. The authors of the model state it is also applicable in anticipated illness but this assertion has not been adequately tested.
The purpose of this thesis was to use the CSM to explore and describe illness representations in persons with prHD and their companions. The results of this exploration are presented in three papers. The first paper, presented in Chapter 2, was a preliminary study based on interview data from 8 persons and 7 companions. Results of this analysis indicated persons with prHD and companions noticed and made attributions for changes, suggesting they formed illness representations. However, they were unsure whether some changes were related to HD. Results were considered preliminary because participants were not directly asked to make attributions. Data were also limited to changes in work function and the sample size was small. In the next two papers, 23 couples were interviewed. The purpose of the second paper, presented in Chapter 3, was to explore illness representations in persons with prHD and their companions and evaluate the usefulness of the CSM in anticipated illness using prHD as a model. Results supported preliminary findings: Participants noticed changes, made attributions, used coping strategies and evaluated them. Again, they unsure whether some changes were related to HD. Other elements of the CSM were partially supported by the data. The third paper, presented in Chapter 4, used quantitative and qualitative methods to explore coping in persons with prHD and companions. Participants were asked open-ended questions about how they coped with changes and were also verbally administered the Brief COPE scale. Both quantitative and qualitative data showed participants used active coping, acceptance, planning, and social support. Participants rarely used denial or substance abuse. Persons with prHD used more coping strategies than companions. Three major themes from the qualitative interview were identified: trying to fix it, can't fix it, and not broken yet. Qualitative interviews revealed some coping strategies that the Brief COPE did not measure. Findings from these papers may inform interventions to help people with prHD and companions cope with changes. Persons with prHD and companions might benefit from knowing what changes might be related to HD in order to cope more effectively.
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Orchard, Carole Anne. "Administrative structures and procedures dealing with clinical failure of students in Canadian nursing programs." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32300.
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There has been a growing concern raised by nurse educators regarding the potential for litigation by nursing students who are dissatisfied with educators' appraisal of these students' clinical performance.
A descriptive survey using a cross-sectional design was used to assess the relationships between institutional policies and procedures related to student clinical evaluation practices and the incidence of student grievances and appeals of faculty decisions. Population for this survey was diploma and basic baccalaureate nursing programs in Canada (N=94). The response rate to this survey was 86.2% (81/94 programs).
Data were obtained using two self-developed questionnaires which tested for support of two prototypic models derived from literature reviewed. Variables studied included the decision-makers' location (educational institution, hospital), their role or position, their functions, and the guidelines
under which they performed student evaluations. Also studied were mechanisms available to students to question the decision.
Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Reliability of the data from the administrative practices instrument was assessed using contingency tables which compared the program's reported data to its written policies and procedures. The level of agreement was approximately .50 which was considered adequate bearing in mind the frequent discrepancies between policies and procedures in most institutions.. There were five significiant findings, these being: (1) there exists a lack of faculty evaluation standards when evaluating students in clinical settings, (2) in one-third of the programs a clinical instructor alone makes a student's clinical decision, (3) it appears that in some programs the same members serve on more than one level of review panels, (4) procedures employed in the conducting of informal and formal hearings are rarely written, and (5) grievance and appeal panels tend to alter professional judgments of nurse faculty even though panel members frequently are non-nurses.Education, Faculty of
Educational Studies (EDST), Department of
Graduate
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Williams, Hannah Washington. "Policies and Procedures to Address Respite Care." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3644.
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Hospice services are utilized by more than 1.6 million people yearly, and there are a great number of caregivers who are tasked with caring for these individuals at home. Caregivers are at risk for fatigue, burnout, and decline in their own physical and mental health. While the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) cover costs of temporary respite care for hospice patients, the caregivers' needs for respite care are often unrecognized and unaddressed. The purpose of this project was to plan a respite program within the hospice agency consisting of revised respite policy and procedures, the Caregiver Reaction Assessment (CRA) tool to routinely assess the caregiver for burnout and/or fatigue, and a detailed outline for the implementation of respite care. Anderson's behavioral model of service was used to guide the project's understanding of the underutilization of respite services. This project was guided by the practice-focused question examining the development of an evidence based caregiver respite program within the hospice agency. The program was developed based on a review of peer reviewed research studies and the input of a project team of local experts. The project team participated in the project that created a respite policy which includes a biweekly caregiver assessment and step-by-step directions on how to implement respite care. A final report was developed and submitted to the Hospice agency. This revised policy and procedure includes a blueprint for implementation and a full set of recommendations on the process, use of the CRA, educational in-services, and evaluative methods. These recommendations have the potential for positive social change by increasing patient and caregiver outcomes, serving as an example for other hospice agencies to follow, and improving care at the end of life.
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Bramley, Chelsea L. "Distraction interventions during invasive procedures to improve quality of life in pediatric oncology patients." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1366.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Nursing
Nursing
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Leveille, Deborah. "Deliberate Practice of IV Medication Procedures by Student Nurses: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Outcomes: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2015. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsn_diss/42.
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Background: Medication errors continue to be one of the most prevalent problems in healthcare related to patient safety, often resulting in injury or death, with higher incidences of error occurring with intravenous medications. The purpose of this study was to explore the use of deliberate practice (DP) with second-degree nursing students in developing and maintaining fundamental intravenous medication management practices required for safe practice.
Method: This was a feasibility study using a two-arm, single-blind, randomized controlled trial design. Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development model was used to explore the use of a DP teaching intervention to achieve competency in skills associated with safe IV medication management. A convenience sample of first-year, first-semester nursing students enrolled in an accelerated graduate program (N = 32) were invited to participate; 19 enrolled, and 12 completed the study. Students (n = 12) received three 30- minute one-on-one practice sessions at 2-week intervals with an expert nurse (the intervention group focused on IV skills and the control group on skills unrelated to IVs). Pre- and post-intervention instruments tested participants’ confidence with IV management and safety skills. The primary outcome was their ability to safely administer and monitor IV medications during a 20-minute videotaped medication administration scenario.
Results: Low recruitment (19 of 32) and high attrition (37%) were observed. Participants completing the study (5 in the intervention group and 7 in the control group) reported that the time required to attend the sessions was not burdensome (91.7%); time allotted was adequate (100%); 100% reported positive experience; 91.7% found the DP sessions essential to learning. Change in confidence scores for IV skills were not significant (P = 0.210), but were higher in the intervention group (2.97–4.14 = 1.50 change) compared to the control group (2.71–3.77 = 1.04 change). Significant differences were found in overall medication administration skills between the control and intervention groups (t [-2.302], p = 0.044) in favor of the intervention group, particularly with medication preparation skills (p = 0.039). Overall raw scores were low in both groups; only 16–42 (26%–70%) of the total 60 steps required for safe practice were completed. Participants scored lowest in the evaluation phase, with all participants performing less than 50% of the 14 steps.
Conclusion: Even though participant satisfaction was high, significant attrition occurred. Students reported the DP sessions to be beneficial and they felt more confident in performing skills, but three 30-minute sessions (90 minutes) were not adequate to develop, maintain, or refine all the IV-management skills associated with safe medication practices. Determining the length and duration of DP sessions as well as comparing the efficacy of DP sessions between individual and group sessions with varying doses and frequencies is needed to advance our understanding of using DP within nursing education.
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Li, Denise Tsai-Yun Liu. "Evaluations of physiologic and behavioral responses to noxious procedures in sedated critically ill adult patients." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3261245.
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St-Pierre, Isabelle. "Organizational factors influencing the modification of policies and procedures: Towards the implementation of best practices." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27049.
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Background. Several theoretical models now suggest the need to promote an organizational approach to practice change for nursing.
Objectives. To examine organizational factors that influence revisions and modifications to policies and procedures in health care agencies that participated in a pilot implementation and evaluation of six clinical practice guidelines developed by the Registered Nurses Association of Ontario. To describe the nature and extent of changes to policies and procedures from the perspective of nursing administrators, clinical resource nurses and nursing staff.
Conclusion. Organizational support in the form of perceived support by top management, sufficient time and training to learn how to use the clinical guideline, adequate number of qualified staff and sufficient equipment and supplies to implement the clinical guideline is important and can influence nurses' awareness of evidence-based modification of policies and procedures. Further research is needed to compare nurses' actual practice with current policies and procedures. In addition, research is needed to determine whether organizations that modified or internalized their policies and procedures sustained the implementation of the clinical guidelines recommendations better over time. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Archer, Elize. "Using simulation for achieving competency in the practical procedures of a Critical care nursing programme." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2028.
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Thesis (MPhil (Curriculum Studies))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.Background to the study: The Critical Care nursing programme at the Faculty of Health Sciences (Stellenbosch University) is a one-year programme. The practical component consists of practical procedures and case presentations. Students have limited time available in the clinical areas to reach competency in the practical skills. Students tend to use the majority of the clinical teaching time available to reach competency in these practical procedures, rather than discussing the patient and learning the skills to integrate and understand the patient’s condition and treatment, which they can acquire by doing case presentations. The end result of this misuse of clinical contact time is that some of the students, by the end of their programme, still have difficulty to integrate a patient’s diagnosis and treatment regime, although they have managed to complete the expected practical procedures. Summary of the work: A case study design was used. I wanted to investigate whether one could make use of simulation and the Clinical Skills Centre (CSC) to complete the majority of the practical procedures so that more time would be available in the clinical areas for the students to do case presentations. The study focuses on describing how the tutors and students involved experienced the use of simulation, as well as how it impacted on the available teaching time in the clinical areas. Conclusions and recommendations: Some of the most important issues that were highlighted in the study and needs to be mentioned are the following: · The students highly valued supervision by a Critical Care tutor when practising their skills in the CSC. · Students indicated that they valued the opportunity to practise some of the more risky procedures in simulation, because it presents no risk to patients. · Case presentations seem important to be added to the CSC’s practical sessions in order to attempt making the practical simulated scenarios even more realistic. · The teaching at the bedside in the clinical areas used to be done somewhat ad hoc. With the teaching in the CSC now being much more structured, this necessitates the teaching at the bedside to be revisited and to be structured to a certain extent. Summary of the results: The information obtained from the Critical Care tutors and the students indicated that these two groups were largely in agreement that simulation seems to be valuable and can effectively be used in a Critical Care nursing programme.
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Wineblad, Hanna, and Linda Lundgren. "Föräldrars upplevelser och erfarenheter av barns rädslor i samband med sjukhusförlagda procedurer : En intervjustudieParents´ experiences of children´s fears during hospital procedures - an interview study." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för omvårdnad, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-136136.
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Background: Hospital-procedures can be perceived as intimidating by children. There are situations in pediatric care where the childrens' care can be compromised if they are afraid and therefore not treated.Purpose: The purpose of the study was to highlight the parents' experiences of childrens' fear of hospital procedures and how the fears could have been relieved.Design: Descriptive interview study.Method: The study's design was qualitative where data was collected using eleven interviews. The interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis with inductive approach. Participants were caregivers to children aged six to twelve years, who were hospitalized. Twelve parents participated in the study. Data collection took place in February to March in 2017.Results: The results of the study are presented on the basis of two categories with eight subcategories: Cause of fear including four subcategories: experiencing pain, the feeling of being disadvantaged, hospital stay and medical procedures. Factors causing security including four subcategories: family presence, preparedness and participation, cared for by child-qualified staff and staff continuity.Conclusion: The study shows that hospitalized children experience fear due to varied causes. The cause for hospitalization is not always the reason for their fears. Child-focused care is required where healthcare staff ask for the child's perspective. Through child-focused nursing, dialogue is conducted with the child allowing expressions of what causes fear. Based on that information the healthcare staff and the child can address the unpleasant experiences and try to reduce the fear.Bakgrund: Procedurer kan upplevas som skrämmande av barn. Det finns situationer inom pediatrisk vård där barnets vård kan äventyras om de är rädda och de av den anledningen inte får sin behandling.Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa föräldrars upplevelser och erfarenheter av barns rädslor i samband med sjukhusförlagda procedurer samt hur rädslorna hade kunnat lindras.Design: Deskriptiv intervjustudie.Metod: Studiens design var kvalitativ där data samlades in med hjälp av elva intervjuer. Intervjuerna analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats. Deltagarna var vårdnadshavare som hade barn inlagda på sjukhus i åldern sex till tolv år. Totalt deltog tolv föräldrar i studien. Data samlades in under februari-mars månad, år 2017.Resultat: Studiens resultat presenteras utifrån två kategorier med åtta underkategorier: Orsak till rädsla innefattande fyra underkategorier: upplevelsen av smärta, känslan av att vara i underläge, sjukhusvistelse samt medicinska procedurer. Trygghetsskapande faktorer innefattande fyra underkategorier: närhet till familjen, förberedelse och delaktighet, vård av barn kompetent personal samt personalkontinuitet.Slutsats: Studien visar att barn som befinner sig på sjukhus upplever rädsla av varierande orsaker. Inläggningsorsaken är inte alltid grunden till deras rädslor. Det krävs ett barnfokuserat omhändertagande där vårdpersonalen efterfrågar barnets perspektiv. I den barnfokuserad omvårdnad förs en dialog med barnen där de själva får berätta vad som gör dem rädda. Utifrån den informationen kan vårdpersonalen tillsammans med barnet ta sig an obehagliga upplevelser och försöka reducera rädslan.
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Banks, Cassie M. "Education methods for effectively maintaining nursing competency in low volume, high risk procedures in the rural setting bridging the theory to practice gap /." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2008. http://165.236.235.140/lib/CBanks2008.pdf.
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Engström, Joakim. "Patient safety in the Intensive Care Unit : With special reference to Airway management and Nursing procedures." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Anestesiologi och intensivvård, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-275170.
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The overall aim of the present thesis was to study aspects of patient safety in critically ill patients with special focus on airway management, respiratory complications and nursing procedures. Study I describes a method called pharyngeal oxygen administration during intubation in an experimental acute lung injury model. The study showed that pharyngeal oxygenation prevented or considerably increased the time to life-threatening hypoxemia at shunt fractions by at least up to 25% and that this technique could be implemented in airway algorithms for the intubation of hypoxemic patients. In study II, we investigated short-term disconnection of the expiratory circuit from the ventilator during filter exchange in critically ill patients. We demonstrated that when using pressure modes in the ventilator, there was no indication of any significant deterioration in the patient's lung function. A bench test suggests that this result is explained by auto-triggering with high inspiratory flows during the filter exchange, maintaining the airway pressure. Study III was a clinical observational study of critically ill patients in which adverse events were studied in connection with routine nursing procedures. We found that adverse events were common, not well documented, and potentially harmful, indicating that it is important to weigh the risks and benefits of routine nursing when caring for unstable, critically ill patients. In study IV, we conducted a retrospective database study in patients with pelvis fractures treated in the intensive care unit. We found that the incidence of respiratory failure was high, that the procedure involved in surgical stabilization affected the respiratory status in patients with lung contusion, and that the mortality was low and probably not influenced by the respiratory condition. In conclusion, the results obtained in the present thesis have increase our knowledge in important areas in the most severely ill patients and have underlined the need for improvements in the field of patient safety.
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Raynor, Desiree. "Visitor Hand-washing Compliance According to Policies and Procedures at a Regional Neonatal Intensive Care Unit." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/124.
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Hospital-acquired infections cost hospitals approximately $30.5 billion per year and also result in longer hospital stays, chronic conditions, and even death with associated malpractice costs. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, hand hygiene is a simple, effective way to prevent illness and infection. The purpose of this research was to determine if visitors to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in a regional medical center comply with hand-washing policies and procedures. If NICU visitors wash their hands properly, they can prevent potentially fatal infections from spreading to patients, healthcare workers, and unaffected family members. Hand-washing compliance has been previously studied in NICU staff and other healthcare workers, but not solely visitors. The researcher observed more than 120 visitors as they entered the NICU to determine the number who washed their hands for the required three minutes. Based on the findings, NICU staff and administration will be encouraged to provide more effective education, post informative signs, and install equipment to encourage visitors to use proper hand-washing techniques. Effective hand-washing should result in lower infection rates among NICU patients and lower health care costs.
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Lewis, Lory A. "Nursing Care Procedures, Thermal Regulation and Growth of the Moderately Premature Neonate in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1405595920.
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Latha, Sampath Shakti. "Comprehensive Understanding of Injuries in Hospitals through Nursing Staff Interviews and Hospital Injury Records." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1544101088645945.
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Dufberg, Emil, and Josephine Edung. "Sjuksköterskors uppfattningar kring lustgasadministrering till barn vid smärtsamma procedurer : - en kvantitativ studie." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-241329.
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Bakgrund: Inom vården förekommer det ofta smärtsamma procedurer i form av behandlingar och undersökningar. Dessa procedurer kan vara obehagliga för barn vilket gör smärtlindring till en viktig del av pediatrisk vård. Lustgas är ett bra alternativ till barn på grund av att den har lugnande effekt, inte kräver någon ytterligare smärtsam procedur som nålstick och har snabb och kortvarig effekt. Lustgasens lämplighet inom pediatrisk vård kan motivera en ökad användning. Syfte: Det huvudsakliga syftet var att undersöka vad sjuksköterskor på Akademiska barnsjukhuset med utbildning i lustgasadministrering ser för möjligheter och hinder i att administrera lustgas till barn (0-18 år) vid smärtsamma procedurer. Ett andra syfte var att undersöka hur dessa uppfattningar skiljer sig mellan avdelningar samt i förhållande till erfarenhet och utbildning. Metod: Studiens design var kvantitativ metod med en enkät-tvärsnittsstudie bestående av 25 frågor. Enkäten besvarades av samtliga 24 tillfrågade sjuksköterskor på Akademiska barnsjukhuset med utbildning i lustgasadministrering. Resultat: Sjuksköterskorna som deltog i studien ansåg att lustgasadministrering är en bra smärtlindringsmetod vid de flesta smärtsamma procedurer och de ansåg att de hade goda förutsättningar att administrera lustgas. Sjuksköterskorna föreslår lustgas generellt cirka 3-4 gånger per månad och de sjuksköterskor med längre erfarenhet ser fler tillfällen till lustgas och föreslår det oftare som smärtlindringsmetod. De uppfattade låg ålder som ett hinder då de ansåg att små barn har svårt att samarbeta vid lustgasadministrering. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskorna upplever i stort att de har goda möjligheter att administrera lustgas till barn vid smärtsamma procedurer och att de har fått tillräcklig utbildning i ämnet. Sjuksköterskors inställning till lustgas är övervägande positiv och de anser att lustgas är lämpligt till barn över fyra år.Background: In healthcare, treatments and examinations can often include some level of pain. For children, such painful procedures can be difficult to understand and accept, making pain management a key part of pediatric care. Nitrous oxide is a good option for children since it is inhaled and its effect is transient and rapid. Nurses trained in administration of nitrous oxide to children can safely administer it, allowing for a wider use. The suitability of nitrous oxide in pediatric care can justify an increased usage. Aim: The main purpose was to investigate how nurses at Akademiska Children's Hospital with training in nitrous oxide administration view their possibilities and obstacles in administering nitrous oxide in children (0-18 years) during painful procedures. A second objective was to investigate how these perceptions differ between departments and in relation to experience and training. Method: The study design was a quantitative method with a questionnaire-sectional study consisting of 25 questions. The questionnaire was answered by 24 nurses at Akademiska Children's Hospital with training in nitrous oxide administration. Main results: Nurses at Akademiska Children's Hospital consider nitrous oxide to be a good method of pain relief for most painful procedures and that they had good opportunities to administer nitrous oxide. The nurses suggested nitrous oxide on average about three to four times per month and the nurses with long experience saw more opportunities for nitrous oxide and suggested it more often. Conslusion: The nurses generally felt that they have good opportunities to administer nitrous oxide to children during painful procedures and that they have received adequate training for the task. The nurses have a predominantly positive attitude towards nitrous oxide and they consider nitrous oxide to be suitable for children over four years of age.
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Hatler, Carol W. "Examination of the influences of hospital context on outcomes for patients undergoing cardiac catheterization procedures." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280611.
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Despite the time and resources focused on health care outcomes, few empirical links exist between healthcare activities, healthcare costs and outcomes of care. As a result, outcome evaluations that take into account the characteristics of the healthcare system as well as the desires of a number of stakeholders may have relevance to knowledge development as well as to implementation of needed changes in health care delivery. Using the framework of General Systems Theory (von Bertalanffy, 1968) and a modification of the model proposed by the American Academy of Nursing Expert Panel (Mitchell, Ferketich, Jennings, 1998), this investigation addressed broad categories of outcomes, including clinical and financial aspects, and examined the factors influencing them in a condition-specific population. Further, the contextual characteristics of the healthcare organization and the work group were examined and compared to the effects of the individual patient characteristics on cost, length of stay and morbidity/mortality outcomes. Organizational factors included structural characteristics such as volume and technology availability, work unit factors included perceived collaboration, access to power structures and control over nursing practice and individual patient factors included pre-hospital health conditions and socio-economic status. For this study outcomes consisted of adverse events, derived length of stay and direct costs. This study used a non-experimental, descriptive design. Contextual regression analysis indicated that organizational structure variables had a greater influence on cost and the work group-level variables had a greater influence on derived length of stay than did the individual-level variables. Total average costs for cardiac catheterization procedure and associated post-procedure hospitalization were 3758 (range 777-12,796). While the study has several limitations, the findings add to the body of knowledge that explains how the processes of nurses' work influence the outcomes of that work. The findings deserve consideration by nurse executives and others interested in enhancing work environments and patient care outcomes.
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Gårder, Joakim, and Emma Danielsson. "Sjuksköterskors erfarenhet av fasthållning av barn vid kliniska procedurer inom somatisk vård : En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Röda Korsets Högskola, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:rkh:diva-1620.
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Bakgrund: Fasthållning av barn används vid ett flertal kliniska procedurer. Barns samt vårdnadshavares upplevelse av situationen är ofta negativ. Etiska principer samt lagar och riktlinjer utgör en teoretisk grund i en fasthållningssituation. Barnets autonomi samt sjuksköterskans omvårdnadsplikt är två utgångspunkter i fasthållning som fenomen. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenhet av fasthållning av barn vid kliniska procedurer inom somatisk vård. Metod: Litteraturstudien är baserad på tio vetenskapliga artiklar med både kvalitativ och kvantitativ ansats. En textanalys, inspirerad av kvalitativ innehållsanalys, har gjorts i resultatet. Resultat: Fem kategorier framkom: Användandet skiljer sig åt, Fasthållning möjliggör kliniska procedurer, Optimera situationen för barnet, Kommunikation underlättar fasthållningen samt Fasthållning är en svårighet. Sjuksköterskornas syn på fasthållning skiljdes åt beroende på den specifika situationen samt på sjuksköterskornas egna kunskaper och förutsättningar. Sjuksköterskorna upplevde en känslomässig konflikt i användandet av fasthållning men ansåg också att fasthållning är en nödvändighet vid många kliniska procedurer på barn, särskilt i akuta sammanhang. Slutsats: Erfarenheten av fasthållning av barn vid kliniska procedurer är mångfacetterad. Sjuksköterskor bör ha god kunskap om barns rättigheter och om etiska principer för att kunna optimera de kliniska procedurerna. Klinisk betydelse: Studien kan ge ett ökat etiskt medvetande som stärker sjuksköterskans professionella roll samt ha betydelse för vårdrelationen.Background: Restraint of children is used in multiple clinical procedures. The experience of the situation is usually negative on children and legal guardians. Ethical principles, laws and guide lines represents the theoretical foundation in a restraint situation. The autonomy of the child as well as the caring duty of the nurse make up two basis for the phenomena of restraint. Aim: To describe nurses' experiences of restraint of children during clinical procedures in somatic health care. Method: This literature review is based on ten scientific papers with both qualitative and quantitative approach. A textual analysis, inspired by qualitative content analysis, represents the result. Result: Five categories emerged in the result: The usage differs, Restraint enables clinical procedures, Optimizing the situation for the child, Communication facilitates the use of restraint and Restraint is a difficulty. The nurses' view on restraint differed depending on the specific situation as well as the skills and abilities of the nurse. The nurses experienced an emotional conflict in the use of restraint but considered it to be necessary in multiple clinical procedures, especially during emergency contexts. Conclusion: The experience of restricting children during clinical procedures is multifaceted. Nurses need to have good knowledge about children's rights and ethical principles to optimize the clinical procedures. Clinical significance: The study can provide a greater ethical awareness that strengthens the professional role of the nurse and also have significance for the nurse-patient relationship.
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Paqueo, Mariefel Casino. "Low Health Literacy and Preoperative Instruction Compliance Among Patients Undergoing Surgical Procedures." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4318.
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In addition to cancelations and delays of needed surgical procedures, serious or fatal complications can occur when patients with low health literacy do not comply with preoperative instructions. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to provide more insight about ways to decrease on cancelled and delayed surgical procedures in low health literacy patients' due to noncompliance with preoperative fasting instructions. The project was informed by the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance model (King, D. K., Glasgow, R. E., and Leeman-Castillo, B. (2010). The project question centered on whether health literate preoperative fasting instructions could decrease cancellations and delays of surgical procedures in low health literate patients. The project setting was conducted at a doctor's office. Interventions and changes to the preoperative instruction sheet were evaluated by using the preoperative communication checklist (POCC) which was developed for this project study. A 3-month pre-post POCC intervention design was used to evaluate changes in the numbers of cancelled and delayed surgical cases among 30 low health literate patients at a local community physician's office. The Newest Vital Sign which is a health literacy skill level assessment tool developed by Pfizer (2012), was used to assess patient health literacy. 30 (13 women and 17 men) who were aged 17-75 were enrolled. Pre-intervention, the and cancellation rate was 16.67%. Post intervention, there was a zero percent cancellation rate. This project has potential to produce positive social change by empowering patients with health literacy instructions for better understanding of what is being asked of them when having surgical procedures. This knowledge may result in better patient outcomes.
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Kolsmyr, Elina, and Emma Nellåker. "Specialistsjuksköterskors upplevelser av att administrera lustgas till barn i samband med procedurrelaterad smärta : en kvalitativ intervjustudie." Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-3357.
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Bakgrund: Lustgas har konstaterats vara ett mycket bra alternativ för smärtlindring av barn vid kortvarig procedurrelaterad smärta. Lustgasen har snabbt insättande effekt och biverkningar av lustgas är få eller av mild karaktär. Lustgas påverkar miljön negativt men en del av detta kan avhjälpas med effektiva ventilationssystem. Sjukvårdspersonal som exponeras för lustgas regelbundet utsätts för hälsorisker, dessa risker är dock inte helt kartlagda i nuläget. Sjuksköterskor som administrerar lustgas ställs inför en komplex situation med många faktorer att ta hänsyn till. Lustgasens betydelse i vården har studerats ur ett patient-, hälso- och miljöperspektiv. Enligt vår kännedom saknas studier som fokuserat på specialistsjuksköterskans eller blivande specialistsjuksköterskors upplevelser av lustgasadministrering till barn. Syfte: Att undersöka specialistsjuksköterskors och sjuksköterskor under pågående specialistutbildnings upplevelser av att administrera lustgas till barn i samband med procedursmärta på akutmottagning. Metod: En kvalitativ deskriptiv intervjustudie med induktiv design tillämpades. Strukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med tio specialistsjuksköterskor och blivande specialistsjuksköterskor på ett medelstort sjukhus i Sverige. Intervjuerna transkriberades och analyserades därefter genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i tre huvudkategorier; Sjuksköterskans strategier vid lustgasadministrering, Utmaningar i samband med lustgasadministrering och Lustgasens begränsningar och möjligheter. Vidare abstraherades 11 underkategorier. Övervägande positiva erfarenheter av lustgasadministrering till barn framkom under intervjuerna. I resultaten framkom att sjuksköterskan behöver kunna anpassa sig efter barnets förutsättningar. Även betydelsen av ett välfungerande teamarbete, hur arbetsmiljön påverkar lustgasadministrering och betydelsen av tydliga riktlinjer framträdde. Upplevelser av trötthet och det känslomässiga engagemanget vid lustgasadministrering beskrevs. Diskussion: Teamarbetets framgång kopplas till god kommunikation. Resultaten tyder på att hög arbetsbelastning påverkar hur väl riktlinjer följs och i förlängningen skulle detta kunna innebära att patientsäkerheten påverkas negativt. Lokala skillnader kan ha gått förlorade då studien utgår från ett sjukhus, skillnader mellan olika verksamheter skulle kunna ha bidragit med viktig information. För att belysa sjuksköterskors personliga erfarenheter användes strukturerade intervjuer. Det är möjligt att frågorna styrt svaren och att ämnen som inte togs upp kunnat ge värdefullt information. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att administrera lustgas är övervägande positiva och det finns en önskan om att utöka användandet av lustgas inom barnsjukvård. Välfungerande teamarbete och tydliga riktlinjer framträder som väsentligt för att framgångsrikt kunna administrera lustgas till barn inom akutsjukvård. Vidare forskning bör inkludera flera sjukhus för att identifiera viktig information om likheter och skillnader i användandet av lustgas samt jämföra upplevelserna hos dem som administrerar lustgasen.
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Ehn, Nicole, and Ehn Angeliqa Rosenqvist. "Effekter av förberedande lekterapeutiska interventioner på barns periprocedurala oro och smärta : en litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-4110.
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Bakgrund Många barn upplever oro i samband med vistelse inom hälso- och sjukvården. Oron kan försämra barnets förmåga att hantera medicinska procedurer och forma negativa sjukvårdsupplevelser som kan komplicera kommande kontakter med sjukvården. Det finns också ett samband mellan oro och smärta. Lek är ett viktigt sätt för barn att uttrycka sig och olika typer av lek kan i strukturerad form användas i sjukvården för att informera och förbereda barn inför olika medicinska procedurer. Barnkompetens och kunskap kring barns svar på olika förberedande interventioner är av stor vikt för ett professionellt arbete med barn. Syfte Syftet var att undersöka effekter av förberedande lekterapeutiska interventioner på barns oro och smärta i samband med olika medicinska procedurer. Metod En litteraturöversikt av allmän karaktär genomfördes där 17 vetenskapliga artiklar av kvantitativ design utgjorde grunden för resultatet. De vetenskapliga artiklarna inhämtades från databaserna PubMed och CINAHL, och kvalitetsgranskades utifrån Sophiahemmet Högskolas bedömningsunderlag för klassificering och kvalitetsgranskning. En integrerad dataanalys genomfördes och resultatet sorterades in i kategorier och subkategorier. Resultat Resultatet redovisas genom två huvudkategorier och fem subkategorier. De identifierade huvudkategorierna var: direkta effekter på barns periprocedurala oro och smärta och indirekta effekter på barns periprocedurala oro och smärta. Subkategorierna som identifierades var i sin tur: minskad oro, minskad smärta, ökad följsamhet, minskademaladaptiva beteenden samt minskade fysiologiska stressreaktioner. Slutsats Resultatet visade positiva effekter av lekterapeutiska förberedelseinterventioner på barns periprocedurala oro och smärta, genom minskade oros- och smärtnivåer. Vidare kunde även indirekta effekter ses på barns periprocedurala oro och smärta genom ökad följsamhet, minskade maladaptiva beteenden och minskade fysiologiska stressreaktioner. Fler studier behövs dock för att bekräfta de indirekta effekterna.Background Medical procedures and hospitalization can be a cause of anxiety for children. Anxiety canimpede children's ability to cope with medical treatment and complicate further treatment or contact with the healthcare system. There is also a correlation between anxiety and pain. Play is an important way for children to express themselves and different types of play can, in a structured form, be used to inform and prepare children for medical procedures. Pediatric expertise and knowledge about children's responses to various preparatory interventions is important in the professional work with children. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of preparatory play interventions on children's anxiety and pain when undergoing medical procedures. Method A literature review was conducted, and the result was based on 17 included scientific articles of quantitative design. The scientific articles were obtained from the two databases PubMed and CINAHL, and their quality was reviewed on the basis of SophiahemmetUniversity's assessment matrix for classification and quality review. An integrated data analysis was performed, and the results were sorted into categories and subcategories. Results Two main categories and five subcategories were identified. The two main categories were: direct effects on children's periprocedural anxiety and pain and indirect effects on children's periprocedural anxiety and pain. In addition, the five subcategories were: reduced anxiety, reduced pain, increased compliance, less maladaptive behaviors and less physiological stress responses. Conclusions The results showed positive effects of preparatory play interventions on children's periprocedural anxiety and pain. In addition, the results showed increased compliance, lessmaladaptive behaviors and less physiological stress responses, though more studies are necessary to confirm these effects.
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Bäccman, Evelina, and Marie-Louise Eklund. "Tio smutsiga fingrar : en observationsstudie om följsamheten till hygienrutiner på en infektionsavdelning som vårdar patienter med ESBL." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Caring Sciences and Sociology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-774.
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Resistenta bakterier är ett växande problem inom den svenska sjukvården. Extended spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBL) är bakterier som kan bilda enzymer som bryter ned antibiotika så att den på så sätt blir resistent. En av de stora anledningarna till spridning av resistenta bakterier är personalens brist på korrekt utförande av basala hygienrutiner. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur sjukvårdspersonal på en infektionsavdelning tillämpar de riktlinjer för basala hygienrutiner som finns fastställda för personal inom hälso- och sjukvården. Data samlades in genom observationer på en infektionsavdelning på ett sjukhus i Mellansverige. Resultatet visade att följsamheten till basala hygienrutiner var mindre än hälften bland de två jämförda personalgrupperna. Resultatet visade hög följsamhet till handskanvändning vid vård av patienter som inte var ESBL-bärare, medan följsamheten var sämre vid vård av patienter med ESBL. Detta resultat visade på en signifikant skillnad, dvs. att personalen var bättre på att använda handskar vid vård av patienter som inte var bärare av ESBL. Resultatet visade att nära hälften av de observerade inte spritar händerna innan patientkontakt, vare sig det rör sig om en patient som är bärare av ESBL-bakterier eller inte. Det tyder på stora brister i följsamheten till hygienrutiner på den observerade infektionsavdelningen.
Resistant bacteria are an increasingly large problem within the Swedish health care system. Extended spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBL) are bacteria that produce enzymes capable of breaking down antibiotics, a characteristic which renders them resistant to antibiotics. One of the main causes for the spreading of resistant bacteria is low compliance to hand hygiene procedures.
The aim of this study was to examine how the health care workers of an infectious disease ward apply the hygiene guidelines that have been established for health care staff. Data was collected through observations in an infectious disease ward in Central Sweden. The results showed that compliance towards hand hygiene procedures was less than 50% within the two staff groups compared. It also showed good compliance to the guidelines for glove use when caring for patients not carrying ESBL, but less compliance when caring for patients with the infection. The difference was statistically significant, i.e. health care staff used gloves more often when caring for patients not carrying ESBL than they did with patients who were carriers. The results showed that that almost 50% of the observed health care workers did not use hand disinfection before contact with patients, whether these were ESBL carriers or not. This indicates that compliance to hand hygiene procedures is not as good as one could hope for.
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Yami, A. "Using the theory of planned behaviour to explore the intentions of a multicultural nursing workforce to comply with policies and procedures in the Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC)." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/381574/.
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The nursing shortage in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) causes administrative difficulties and increases worries about the quality of healthcare being provided, as well as contributing to the employment of a multicultural nursing workforce. Evidence indicates that, although nurses are increasingly compliant with nursing policies and procedures to ensure a higher quality of nursing care, there is still a wide variance in that compliance. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) is a social cognitive model of behaviour used to investigate attitudes and behavioural relationships and to understand individuals’ behavioural intentions in relation to their performance. However, the TPB has not been previously used to attempt to explain this variance in a multicultural nursing workforce. The aim of this study was to examine the usefulness of the TPB in explaining variations in nurses’ intentions to comply with the pre-operative skin preparation policy. This study consisted of two phases, both conducted within a large military hospital in the KSA. The first phase, an elicitation study, was carried out to identify salient beliefs about compliance behaviour held by nurses working in general surgical areas. The findings from the elicitation study were used to develop the final theory-based questionnaire developed to understand the beliefs underpinning nurses’ intention to comply with the pre-operative skin preparation policy. The second phase of the study involved an anonymous and self-administered questionnaire designed to assess the variables in the TPB. The instrument included measures of behavioural intention to comply with pre-operative skin preparation policy, attitudes, subjective norms and Perceived Behavioural Control (PBC). Due to data that were not normally distributed, behavioural intention was dichotomised into high behavioural intention and low behavioural intention. A logistic regression analysis was used to test the relationships between the behavioural intention and the TPB variables. The results revealed that the TPB model explained up to 40% of variance in behavioural intention to comply with the pre-operative skin preparation policy, X2 (5, N=229)= 21.5, P<0.05. Results showed that attitudes (Odds Ratio= 3.86, 95% Confidence Interval= 2.07-7.20, P<0.05) and subjective norms were the significant predictors of nurses' high behavioural intentions. However, PBC (Odds ratio 1.30, 95% CI= 0.81-2.09, P>0.05) was not. In conclusion, the findings of this study support the usefulness of the TPB model in predicting nurses’ intentions to comply with a pre-operative skin preparation policy. The results could be used to develop effective intervention strategies based on the nurses' beliefs that underpin their behavioural intention to comply with hospital guidelines and policies. However, future research can confirm the result of this study and expanding the list of contextual variables.
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Sales, Camila Balsero. "Avaliação da utilização dos Procedimentos Operacionais Padrão na prática profissional da equipe de enfermagem." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22134/tde-08032016-154354/.
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A qualidade nos serviços de saúde tem sido objeto de estudo entre diversos pesquisadores. As dificuldades econômicas e a exigência dos usuários pelos seus direitos em obter qualidade nos serviços prestados, torna relevante esse estudo. O enfermeiro é o profissional que deve estimular e conduzir a equipe para elaboração e implementação de novas abordagens e ferramentas gerenciais que levem a melhorias na assistência Uma das ferramentas gerenciais que o enfermeiro pode lançar mão é a padronização das intervenções de enfermagem. Devido à necessidade de melhoria da qualidade da assistência prestada, os Procedimentos Operacionais Padrão de enfermagem foram implantados na Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Ribeirão Preto entre os anos de 2011 e 2012. O estudo objetiva descrever o modelo de implantação dos Procedimentos Operacionais Padrão (POP) da equipe de enfermagem e identificar as fragilidades e potencialidades na utilização desses POP da equipe de enfermagem. Trata-se de pesquisa do tipo avaliativa, com abordagem quantitativa realizada com profissionais de enfermagem que atuam nas Unidades de Saúde da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Ribeirão Preto. A coleta de dados foi realizada em duas fases. Na primeira, ocorreu a análise documental que foi realizada no mês de outubro de 2014. Já a segunda fase compreendeu a aplicação de um questionário aos enfermeiros, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem. Participaram do estudo 247 profissionais de enfermagem, sendo 64 enfermeiros, 31 técnicos de enfermagem e 152 auxiliares de enfermagem. Destes, 87,4% eram do sexo feminino. A faixa etária que predominou foi a de 51 a 60 anos, com 34%, seguidos de 30,8% na faixa etária de 41 a 50 anos. Em relação ao tempo de formação 38,5% possuíam de 2 a 8 anos de formados, 24,3% possuía de 16 a 22 anos e 19,4% possuíam 23 a 29 anos de tempo de formação. Dos participantes do estudo, 77,7 % atuavam em Unidades de Saúde da Família. Participaram da capacitação dos POP 222 (89,9%) profissionais de enfermagem. Dentre os participantes da pesquisa, 225 (91,1%) afirmaram que consultam os POP no local de trabalho, porém, apenas 142 (57,5%) os consultaram nos últimos doze meses, sendo a maioria enfermeiros (92,2%). A intervenção mais citada que passou a ser executada após a capacitação dos POP foi o cateterismo por cistostomia (17,8%), apesar de ainda haver um percentual de 39,3% que não a executam. Houve mudança na forma de execução e aprofundamento do conhecimento em todas as intervenções trabalhadas. A implantação dos POP foi desenvolvida de forma pontual, necessitando ser avaliado e repensado nos moldes de um processo educativo contínuo. As fragilidades identificadas foram o número reduzido de profissionais, inadequação da estrutura física, ausência de materiais, entre outros. As potencialidades foram relacionadas à padronização dos materiais, material da instituição para consulta disponível na unidade, valorização profissional, preocupação do gestor em relação à segurança do paciente e do profissional. Ressalta-se a capacitação dos POP como relevante para a contribuição da melhoria da qualidade da assistência prestada pela enfermagem, porém, deve ser pautada em processos educativos permanentesThe quality of health services has been the object of study among many researchers. The economic difficulties and demands from users for their rights to obtain quality in the services rendered make this study relevant. Nurses are the professionals who must encourage and lead the team to create and implement new managerial tools and approaches to improve care. One of the managerial tools that nurses can use is the standardization of nursing interventions. Given the need to improve the quality of the care delivered, standard operational procedures(SOP) in nursing were implemented in the Municipal Health Secretariat of RibeirãoPretobetween 2011 and 2012. The aim of this study was to describe the implementation model of the standard operational proceduresof the nursing team and to identify the weak and strong points in the use of these SOP by the nursing team. This was an evaluative study, with a quantitative approach, conducted with nursing professionals who work in health units of the Municipal Health Secretariat of RibeirãoPreto.Data were collected in two phases. The first phase consisted of a documentary analysis performed in October 2014, whereas the second phase comprised the application of a questionnaire to nurses and nursing technicians and aides. The study participants were 247 nursing professionals, namely 64 nurses, 31 nursing technicians and 152 nursing aides. Of these, 87.4% were women. The age range that prevailed was between 51 and 60 years, with 34%, followed by the age range between 41 and 50 years, with 30.8%. Regarding the time since graduation, 38.5% had graduated from 2 to 8 years ago, 24.3% had graduated between 16 and 22 years agoand 19.4% had from 23 to 29 years since graduation. Among the study participants, 77.7% worked in family health units. A total of 222 (89.9%) nursing professionals participated in the training for SOP. Of all study participants, 225 (91.1%) stated refer to SOP at their work place, however, only 142 (57.5%) referred to them over the last 12 months, with most of them being nurses (92.2%). The most commonly cited intervention that started being executed after the SOP training was cystostomy (17.8%), although there is still a percentage of 39.3% professionals who do not perform it. There was a change in the form of execution and broadening of knowledge in all interventions used. The implementation of the SOP was developedfor a specific scenario, so it should be evaluated and replanned in the scope of a continuous educational process. The weak points identified were the reduced number of professionals, inadequate physical structure, lack of materials, among others. The strengths were related to the standardization of materials, institution materials for reference available in the unit, professional appreciation, andconcern on the part of administrators toward the safety of patients and professionals. It is noteworthy that the training for SOP is relevant as it contributes to improve the quality of the nursing care provided, however, it should be guided by permanent educational processes
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Nasevičiūtė, Danutė. "Kineziterapijos ir vandens procedūrų efektyvumas gydant nugaros skausmus." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050518_103706-90848.
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Spinal pain is one of the most frequent reasons of health disorder and consulting a doctor. 60-90% of adults complain of a spinal pain at least once in their lifetime. 50% of adults experience a spinal pain that makes them suspend their work and unbalance their everyday life. This is the main reason of adults’ disability till 45 years old ant the third most frequent reason of adults’ disability over 45 years old. 5-10 % of cases spinal pains are not acute.
The aim of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of aquatic procedures and procedures done in the kinesytherapy hall in treating spinal pains.
The goals of the research were:
1. To evaluate spinal pain of the examined ones before and after kinesytherapy.
2. To evaluate mobility of the spine of the examined ones before and after kinesytherapy.
3. To evaluate strength of lumbar muscles of the examined ones before and after kinesytherapy.
4. To estimate which aquatic procedure is more effective in treating spinal pains.
The research was carried out in Kaunas Medicine University Clinics. There were examined three groups of patients. Each group consisted of 15 patients. Altogether 45 patients took part in the investigation.
During the investigation there were evaluated such factors as pain, strength of muscles (abdominal, spinal, right and left sides) and mobility of the spine (forward, backward, left, right) of the patients.
After kinesytherapy the intensity of pain of the examined ones decreased statistically... [to full text]
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Rehnsfeldt, Jessica, and Jonny Bengtsson. "Överensstämmelse mellan patienters och anestesisjuksköterskors bedömning av oro vid dagkirurgi : En enkätstudie." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-255512.
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Bakgrund: Dagkirurgi, att opereras och gå hem samma dag, är en vårdform som har ökat markant i Sverige senaste åren. Tidigare studier har visat att många patienter som genomgår dagkirurgi upplever oro inför operation, vilket orsakar lidande för individen men också ökat behov av sömnmedel och ökad risk för postoperativ smärta och oro. För att kunna genomföra omvårdnadsåtgärder för att minska oro måste den först identifieras, vilket framförallt är anestesisjuksköterskans uppgift i mötet med patienten. Syfte: Att undersöka patienters skattning av sin oro vid ankomst till operationsavdelningen vid dagkirurgi samt hur väl anestesisjuksköterskans skattning av patientens oro överensstämmer med patientens egen skattning. Metod: En kvantitativ enkätstudie som genomfördes på två operationsavdelningar i Uppsala län under en veckas tid, totalt inkluderades 88 patienter och 60 anestesisjuksköterskebedömningar. Enkäten bestod av en skattningsskala för oro enligt NRS samt grundläggande demografisk information. Resultat: En stor andel patienter skattade ingen eller mild oro (n=52, 59 %) vid ankomst till operationsavdelningen. Hos 70 % av de parvisa jämförelserna bedömdes anestesisjuksköterskans förmåga att bedöma patientens oro som god. Slutsats: Anestesisjuksköterskorna var generellt bra på att bedöma patientens oro, men vid några fall missbedömdes patienter som skattade hög oro. Denna studie visar att det finns ett behov av mer studier för framtagande av rutiner och vetenskapligt beprövade och användbara instrument för att kunna identifiera dessa patienter.Background: Ambulatory surgery, to receive surgery and go home the same day, is a form of care which has increased markedly in Sweden in recent years. Previous studies have showed that many patients undergoing ambulatory surgery experience anxiety before surgery, which causes suffering for the individual but also increases the need for hypnotics and increases risk of postoperative pain and anxiety. To be able to carry out nursing interventions aimed at reducing anxiety, it must first be identified, which is mainly the nurse anesthetist’s role in the encounter with the patient. Objective: To investigate patients' estimation of their anxiety upon arrival at the ambulatory surgery department, and how well the anesthesia nurses' estimation of the patients' anxiety are consistent with the patients' own estimation. Method: A quantitative survey conducted in two ambulatory surgery departments in Uppsala County during one week, a total of 88 patients were enrolled, and a total of 60 anesthesia nurses' assessments. The survey consisted of a scale for estimating anxiety using NRS and basic demographic information. Results: A large proportion of patients estimated no or mild anxiety (n=52, 59 %) on arrival at the surgical department. In 70 % of the pairwise comparisons the anesthesia nurses' ability to assess the patients' anxiety were good. Conclusion: Anesthesia nurses were generally good at assessing the patients’ anxiety, however it was showed that in some cases patients that reported high levels of anxiety were not identified. There is a need for more studies about routines and useful and scientifically tested instruments for the identification of patients’ anxiety.
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Boman, Hanna, and Malin Bergström. "Stor vikt vid vikten : En litteraturstudie om sjuksköterskors sätt att arbeta med patienter med fetma inom primärvården." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för omvårdnad, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-136734.
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Bakgrund: Antal personer med fetma i världen har dubblerats mellan åren 1980 - 2014. I Sverige lever nu 14% av befolkningen med fetma. Enligt Folkhälsomyndigheten är fetma en av de sjukdomar som ökar mest i vårt samhälle. Detta är en patientgrupp som är och kommer bli större inom vården. I dagens samhälle finns det en smalhetsnorm där personer med fetma anses som avvikande och det har negativa konsekvenser för primärvården. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka sjuksköterskors sätt att arbeta med patienter med fetma inom primärvården. Metod: Litteraturstudien innehåller 8 artiklar med kvalitativ ansats. Databaserna som har använts är främst Cinahl och PubMed. Respektive artikel har granskats, analyserats och sammanställts med inspiration av innehållsanalys. Resultat: Sjuksköterskornas sätt att arbeta grundade sig i många olika aspekter. Litteraturstudiens resultat har sammanställts i 3 huvudkategorier: samhällsnormens inverkan på sjuksköterskans roll, sjuksköterskans individuella uppgifter och när resurserna inte räcker till. Konklusion: Sjuksköterskorna i primärvården beskriver svårigheter i arbetet med patientgruppen och detta resulterar i en försämrad vård. Ökad utbildning och implementering av riktlinjer i primärvården hade stärkt sjuksköterskornas roll i deras arbetssätt. Nyckelord: fetma, arbetssätt, sjuksköterska, primärvård.
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Olsson, Daniel, and Andrea Olsson. "Symptom patienter upplever efter dagkirurgi till följd av anestesi." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-253992.
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Ambulatory surgery is common and develops alongside surgery and anesthetic methods. Time admitted is short and aftercare takes place in the home environment. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate which symptoms patients experience after ambulatory surgery related to anesthesia. Furthermore how strongly symptoms affect the patient. Symptoms appear as a result of anesthesia and surgery and can therefore be interpreted as nursing induced suffering. Method: Participants were recruited at ambulatory clinics at a Swedish university hospital spring, 2015. Prior to the study permission was granted from the clinic managers. The study is a quantitative descriptive longitudinal study. Data collection forms were administered and data collection was performed by phone. Incisional pain, headache, neck pain, hoarseness, postoperative sore throat, nausea, drowsiness, post-discharge urine retention and numbness were requested parameters. Answers were evaluated as; none-existing, mild, moderate and severe. Data was measured at 48 hours and postoperative day seven. Result: The study included 67 participants. The various symptoms were all apparent to some extent by some of the participants at 48 hours. Concerning headache, neck pain, hoarseness, sore throat, nausea, urine retention and numbness most were symptom free. Incisional pain and drowsiness however affected the participants noticeably. Seven days after surgery there was an overall improvement throughout the parameters. Although incisional pain and drowsiness also lessened some participants still evaluated their experience moderate to severe. Conclusion: The majority of the day surgery patients were content with their care, in our study 97% were satisfied. There was an improvement within the experienced symptoms after seven days compared to after 48 hours. There is room for improvement concerning pain management and time for recovery in the home environment as drowsiness was still an evident issue.Dagkirurgi är vanligt och drivs framåt av utvecklingen inom kirurgi och anestesi. Vårdtiden är kort och mycket av eftervården sker i hemmet. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka vilka symptom patienter upplever efter genomgången dagkirurgi relaterat till anestesi. Vidare undersöks hur starkt olika symptom påverkar patienten. Symptom efter anestesi och kirurgi uppkommer till följd av omvårdnaden och kan därför tolkas som ett vårdlidande. Metod: Deltagare har rekryterats från dagkirurgiska avdelningar vid ett mellansvenskt universitetssjukhus våren 2015. Tillstånd inhämtades före studien från verksamhetschefer. Studien är en beskrivande kvantitativ longitudinell studie och data har samlats in med frågeformulär där svaren delgivits via telefon. Parametrarna smärta i operationsområde, huvudvärk, smärta i nacke, heshet, smärta i svalg, illamående, trötthet, urinretention samt känselbortfall har efterfrågats. Svaren har delgivits på en skala som graderats i nivåer från; inte alls, mild, måttlig och svår. Mättillfällen var efter 48 timmar samt sju dagar postoperativt. Resultat: Studien har 67 deltagare. Efter 48 timmar upplevdes de olika symptomen alltid av någon deltagare, men vid huvudvärk, smärta i nacke, heshet, smärta i svalg, illamående, urinretention samt känselbortfall var de flesta symptomfria. Smärta i operationsområdet och trötthet påverkade dock patienterna påtagligt. Efter sju dagar upplevdes förbättring i alla parametrar. Smärta i operationsområdet samt trötthet minskade, men upplevdes fortfarande av vissa som måttlig och svår. Slutsats: De flesta dagkirurgiska patienterna är nöjda med sin vård, 97% i vår studie. En förbättring i upplevda symptom finns efter sju dagar jämfört med efter 48 timmar. Förbättringspotential finns inom smärtlindring och vidare bör utrymme för återhämtning finnas då trötthet visat sig vara förekommande
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Gomes, Cleide Oliveira. "Entre orqu?deas e girass?is :o laborat?rio de Enfermagem na vis?o de estudantes." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2004. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14798.
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Previous issue date: 2004-12-08Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
To study the teaching/learning process about the Nursing procedures carried out in the laboratory, and learn both the sapiens and the demens dimensions of such process, is the main purpose of this study. The objectives are to: identify the major laboratory contributions to the teaching/learning process from the point of view of undergraduate students and the feelings they express; describe the difficulties they have identified; and analyze the relevance of the laboratory to this process. As part of the inquiry procedure, four core group meetings were held with 26 undergraduate students who had completed the course on Semiology and Semiotics in Nursing, which is the course where the Nursing laboratory is most needed as a learning space. The analysis, based on a qualitative approach, had as fundamental theoretical support studies made by Friedlander and Hayashida, who deal with learning/teaching in the Nursing laboratory, and by authors who favor humanization in teaching such as, among others, Freire, Maturana, Morin, Assmann. Results point toward the relevance of the Nursing laboratory as a facilitator for the learning/teaching process. In their speech the students repeatedly state that the development of procedures in simulated situations enable them to become more self-assured and technically prepared for caring. In addition, they emphasize that feelings such as fear, lack of confidence, anxiety, anguish and panic become diminished at the time of their clinic experience when they have had previous learning in the laboratory. They have also acknowledged that some difficulties of structural nature have become obstacles to a high-quality learning development. In summary, in spite of the difficulties that have been pointed out by the students concerning the use of the Nursing laboratory in the learning/teaching process, they also recognize that this is the locus par excellence where they can develop their skills and appease their anxieties
Estudar o processo ensino/aprendizagem acerca dos procedimentos de Enfermagem desenvolvidos no laborat?rio, apreendendo as dimens?es sapiens e demens desse processo, ? o prop?sito principal deste estudo. Tem como objetivos identificar as principais contribui??es do laborat?rio de Enfermagem no processo ensino/aprendizagem, a partir da vis?o de estudantes de gradua??o, os sentimentos que eles expressam, descrever as dificuldades identificadas por estes e analisar a import?ncia do laborat?rio nesse processo. Como procedimento de investiga??o, realizamos quatro reuni?es de grupo focal com 26 estudantes de gradua??o que haviam conclu?do a disciplina de Semiologia e Semiot?cnica em Enfermagem, aquela que mais utiliza o laborat?rio de Enfermagem como o principal espa?o de sua aprendizagem. A an?lise, de abordagem qualitativa, teve como aporte te?rico fundamental os estudos de Friedlander e Hayashida, que tratam do ensino/aprendizagem no laborat?rio de Enfermagem, e autores que privilegiam a humaniza??o no ensino como Freire, Maturana, Morin, Assmann, entre outros. Os resultados apontam a import?ncia do laborat?rio de Enfermagem como facilitador do processo ensinar/aprender. Os estudantes, em suas falas, afirmam e reafirmam que a realiza??o de pr?ticas em situa??es simuladas torna-os mais seguros e preparados tecnicamente para o cuidar. Al?m disso, ressaltam que os sentimentos de medo, inseguran?a, ansiedade, ang?stia e p?nico, entre outros, s?o atenuados por ocasi?o da experi?ncia cl?nica quando antes vivenciam a aprendizagem no laborat?rio. Constatam, igualmente, algumas dificuldades de ordem estrutural que constituem obst?culos ao bom desenvolvimento da aprendizagem. Em s?ntese, apesar das dificuldades apontadas pelos estudantes, em rela??o ao uso do laborat?rio de Enfermagem no processo ensino/aprendizagem, os mesmos reconhecem ser este o l?cus por excel?ncia para o desenvolvimento das habilidades e diminui??o de suas tens?es
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Sellgren, Erika, and Jannica Ståleborg. "Icke farmakologiska metoder och dess effekter för att reducera barns smärta och rädsla vid smärtsamma cancerrelaterade behandlingar : en litteraturstudie." Thesis, University of Gävle, Ämnesavdelningen för vårdvetenskap, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-5560.
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Syftet med studien var att beskriva icke farmakologiska metoder för att reducera barns rädsla och smärta inför cancerrelaterade behandlingar och undersökningar. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie med beskrivande design. 21 vetenskapliga artiklar inkluderades, analyserades och lades som grund för resultatet. Resultatet visade att distraktion var den vanligaste förekommande icke farmakologiska omvårdnadsåtgärden för att minska barns rädsla och smärta inför smärtsamma cancerrelaterade behandlingar och undersökningar. Distraktion i form av kommunikation, beröring och hjälpmedel distraherar, lugnar, ökar smärttoleransen, förbättrar vårdresultatet och ger positiva vårderfarenheter. Barn som själva fick välja distraktionsmedel visade mindre rädsla, smärta och obehag vid smärtsamma behandlingar och undersökningar. Som distraktion används kommunikation, beröring, elektroniska leksaker, såpbubblor, clowner, virtuell verklighet, filmer, musik och kalejdoskop. Kognitiv beteendeterapi (KBT) visade sig vara bra för att hjälpa barn att hantera rädslan inför provtagningar. Hypnos visade sig vara användbart till rädda och oroliga barn med tidigare vårderfarenhet för att inge trygghet och förebygga ångest. Slutsatsen är att kommunikation, åldersadekvata distraktionsmedel och mänsklig närvaro är ett billigt och effektivt komplement för sjuksköterskan att reducera barns smärta och rädsla under smärtsamma procedurer. Vidare forskning inom området behövs för att utvärdera sjuksköterskornas kunskaper om kommunikation och distraktion.
The aim with the study was to describe non pharmacologic methods in order to reduce children's dread and pain before cancer related treatments and surveys. The study was implemented as a literature study with descriptive design. In the study 21 scientific articles was analyzed for the result. The result showed that distraction was the most common non pharmacologic method in order to decrease children's dread and pain before painful cancer related treatments and surveys. Distraction in the form of communication, touch and accessibility distract, reassuring, increases pain tolerance, improve care results and provides positive care experience. Children who elect distracters funds showed less fear, pain and discomfort at painful treatments and surveys. As distraction was communication, contact, electronic toys, soft soap bubbles, clowns, virtual reality, films, musical and kaleidoscope used. Cognitive behavior therapy (KBT) was found to help children to handle the dread before treatments. Hypnos showed to be useful to cautious and anxious children with earlier care experience stem to submit safety and to prevent anxiety. The authors drew the conclusion that communication, age adequate distraction and human presence is a cheap and effective complements for the nurse to reduce children's pain and dread during painful procedures. Further research within the area is needed in order to evaluate the nurses' knowledge about communication and distraction.
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Barbosa, AndrÃa Lopes. "Procedimentos dolorosos e alteraÃÃes nos parÃmetros fisiolÃgicos em recÃm-nascidos sob oxigenoterapia." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4708.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorRecÃm-nascidos (RNs) que apresentam funÃÃo pulmonar prejudicada, seja pela prematuridade ou por algum diagnÃstico que interfira no sistema respiratÃrio, necessitam, geralmente, de algum tipo de oxigenoterapia. Objetivou-se avaliar os parÃmetros fisiolÃgicos (FR, FC, pulso e SpO2) na execuÃÃo de alguns procedimentos dolorosos (aspiraÃÃo do TOT/VAS, coleta de gasometria, passagem de cateter central de inserÃÃo perifÃrica-PICC e retirada de curativo) realizados pelos(as) enfermeiros(as) em RNs submetidos à oxigenoterapia em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN). Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo longitudinal do tipo antes e depois, de carÃter quantitativo, em uma UTIN de uma instituiÃÃo pÃblica de referÃncia na cidade de Fortaleza-CearÃ, durante o perÃodo de dezembro de 2008 a junho de 2009. Fizeram parte da amostra 125 RNs com, no mÃnimo, seis horas de vida e internados em leitos de alto risco, que utilizavam alguma forma de oxigenoterapia por um perÃodo mÃnimo de seis horas e que se encontravam clinicamente estÃveis. A coleta de dados efetivou-se por meio da observaÃÃo sistemÃtica e os dados foram registrados em formulÃrios, contemplando algumas variÃveis independentes, tais como os procedimentos dolorosos realizados pelos enfermeiros(as) e algumas variÃveis dependentes, como os parÃmetros fisiolÃgicos de FR, FC, juntos aos visualizados no monitor durante os procedimentos (pulso, SpO2). AlÃm destas variÃveis, estudou-se tambÃm as caracterÃsticas de base dos RNs quanto Ãs condiÃÃes de nascimento (peso ao nascer, sexo, tipo de parto, Apgar, Capurro) e durante a internaÃÃo na UTIN (data e horÃrio da internaÃÃo, data do inÃcio da utilizaÃÃo e modalidade de oxigenoterapia instalada ao ser admitido na UTIN, modalidade de oxigenoterapia e peso no momento da coleta, acomodaÃÃo, dieta, medicaÃÃo). Tais dados foram adquiridos por meio do prontuÃrio, com o propÃsito de correlacionÃ-los com as referidas variÃveis. Os resultados mostraram que 92,8% dos RNs eram prÃ-termo e 7,3%, a termo, sendo que 56,8% nasceram de parto cesÃrea e 43,2%, de parto vaginal. Quanto ao peso dos bebÃs estudados, 92,0% pesaram abaixo de 2500g e apenas 7,2%, acima de 2500g. As hipÃteses diagnÃsticas mais presentes foram prematuridade (93,6%) e SÃndrome do Desconforto RespiratÃrio-SDR, (52,8%). Ao avaliar o conjunto de parÃmetros fisiolÃgicos para os quatro procedimentos pesquisados, houve alteraÃÃes (p<0,05) de FR e FC para os RNs em Oxi-Hood e CPAP e de pulso (p<0,05) para os RNs em Oxi-Hood, CPAP e VM, sendo a SpO2 o Ãnico parÃmetro que nÃo sofreu variaÃÃo significativa (p>0,05) na prÃtica de aspiraÃÃo do TOT/VAS. Na gasometria, houve variaÃÃes (p<0,05) de todos os parÃmetros fisiolÃgicos, porÃm, para tal procedimento, as alteraÃÃes foram diferentes em cada modalidade de oxigenoterapia, ocorrendo variaÃÃes de FC, pulso e SpO2 nos RN em Oxi-Hood e alteraÃÃes de FR e pulso nos RNs em VM. Entretanto, na passagem de cateter percutÃneo e na retirada de curativo, nÃo houve alteraÃÃes estatisticamente significantes (p>0,05). PropÃe-se aos enfermeiros(as) desenvolverem intervenÃÃes que possam manter as variaÃÃes dos parÃmetros de FR, FC, pulso e SpO2 dentro da faixa de normalidade na execuÃÃo destes procedimentos.
Newborn infants that have impaired lung function because of prematurity or any other diagnosis that interferes in the respiratory system, usually need some type of oxigenotherapy. The objectives of this study were to evaluate physiological parameters (RR, HR, Pulse, SpO2) in neonates submitted to oxigenotherapy in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) during the execution of some painful procedures carried out by nurses (orotracheal suction, upper airway suction, blood collectium to gasometry, insertion of a Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter â PICC - and withdrawing of curative). For this purpose, it was developed a before and after longitudinal and quantitative study in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a public institution of reference in the city of Fortaleza-Ceara, in the period of December 2008 to June 2009. The sample was composed of 125 clinically stable newborns hospitalized in high-risk beds with at least six hours of life, and submitted to some type of oxigenotherapy for at least six hours. The data collecting was accomplished by systematic observation and the data were recorded in research forms that contained some independent variables, such as painful procedures carried out by nurses and some dependent variables such as the physiological parameters, like RR, HR and others that were visualized in the cardiac monitor during the procedures (pulse, SpO2). Additionally to these variables, it was studied both characteristics of the newborns regarding the birth conditions (birth weight, gender, type of labour, Apgar score, capurro) and regarding the period of hospitalization in the NICU (date and time of hospitalization, date and type of oxigenotherapy when the baby was admitted in the NICU, oxigenotheray modality and newborn weight at the time of the data collection, accommodation, diet and medication). These data were obtained through the medical charts, with the purpose of correlating them to those variables. The results showed that 92,8% of the neonates were preterm infants and 7,3% were term infants. Regarding the type of labor, 56,8% of the babies were delivered by caesarean section and 43,2% of them born by vaginal labor. According to the weight of the babies under the study, 92,0% weighted below 2500g while only 7,2% were above 2500g. The most common diagnostic hypotheses founded were prematurity (93,6%) and Respiratory Distress Syndrome - RDS (52,8%). The evaluation of the physiological parameters of the four procedures accessed in this study showed some variations (p<0,05) of RR and HR in the newborns using hood and CPAP, and variation of pulse (p<0,05) for the newborns in hood, CPAP and MV; however, the SpO2 was the only parameter that did not suffer any significant variation (p>0,05) regarding the suction of either orotracheal tube or upper airway. Concerning the gasometry, variations were found (p<0,05) in all physiological parameters; nevertheless, the alterations related to this procedure were different for each oxigenotherapy modality, occurring changes in HR, pulse and SpO2 in newborn using hood, and alterations in RR and pulse in neonates under MV; however, regarding the insertion of a PICC and the withdrawing of curative, no statistically significance alterations were found (p>0,05). It is proposed to the nurses to develop interventions that can keep the variations of the parameters of RR, HR, pulse and SpO2 in normal levels during the execution of these procedures.
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Hill, Axel, and Jenny Lindström. "Smärtsamma procedurer hos barn 6-12 år - sjuksköterskans möjligheter att lindra smärta : En litteraturstudie om bemötande, avledning och delaktighet." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-137818.
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Bakgrund: Barns smärtfysiologi och deras reaktioner på smärta skiljer sig från vuxnas. De har inte lika välutvecklad smärtreglering och smärtan är närmare associerad med emotionella upplevelser. Smärta hos barn kan leda till negativa följder och har ett samband med stress, oro och rädsla. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskans möjligheter att lindra smärta i samband med procedurer hos barn 6-12 år. Metod: En litteraturstudie med systematisk ansats där sökningar gjordes i Cinahl, PubMed och Scopus. Sökorden som användes var: ”treatment related pain”, ”procedural pain”, ”procedure pain”, ”child*” och ”nurs*”. Utvalda artiklar kvalitetsgranskades och analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Sjuksköterskan har stora möjligheter att lindra smärtan i samband med procedurer. Resultatet grundas på 18 artiklar med olika ansatser och behandlas i sju teman: avledningsmetoder, avslappning, farmakologisk smärtlindring, ålders inverkan på barns smärtupplevelse, att använda avledning, sjuksköterskans betydelse och delaktighet. Konklusion: Sjuksköterskans bemötande och förhållningsätt spelar stor roll i mötet med barnet och denne kan använda sig själv som ett verktyg för att främja barnets känsla av trygghet och använda sig av avledningsmetoder anpassade till barnets förutsättningar.Background: Children's physiology of pain, as well as their reaction to it, differs from that of an adult. Their pain modulation is not as developed and pain is more closely associated with emotional experiences. Pain in children can lead to negative consequences and is linked to stress, anxiety and fear. Aim: To describe the nurse’s opportunities to alleviate pain in procedures in children 6-12 years. Method: A literature review with a systematic approach where searches were made in Cinahl, PubMed and Scopus. The search terms used were: ”treatment related pain”, ”procedural pain”, ”procedure pain”, ”child*” and ”nurs*”. Selected articles were examined regarding quality and analysed through qualitative content analysis. Results: The nurse has many opportunities to alleviate pain in procedures. The result is based on 18 articles with different approaches and presented in seven themes: distraction methods, relaxation, pharmacological pain relief, influence of age in children's experience of pain, to use distraction, the importance of the nurse and participation. Conclusion: The nurse's approach makes a difference in the encounter with the child and they can use themselves as a tool to promote the child's feeling of security, aswell as use distraction methods adapted to the child.
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Silva, Carolina de Mendonça Coutinho e. "Enfrentando mudanças e valorizando a vida - uma referência para a enfermeira no cuidado à mulher submetida à cirurgia ginecológica." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2262.
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Diversos estudos que abordam as repercussões das cirurgias ginecológicas na vida da mulher apontam para uma relação existente com aspectos subjetivos, em virtude da construção social da identidade feminina, indicando que a perda de órgãos ginecológicos pode interferir na maneira da mulher se perceber e se relacionar com o mundo. O presente estudo tem como objeto o processo de interação da mulher no contexto das cirurgias ginecológicas. Para isso foram formulados os objetivos: Descrever os significados da cirurgia ginecológica para a mulher submetida a este procedimento e Analisar o processo de interação da mulher com ela mesma e com o seu núcleo social a partir dos significados por ela atribuídos à cirurgia ginecológica, considerando o fenômeno da mutilação. O estudo de natureza qualitativa, do tipo descritivo-exploratório, teve como referencial teórico-metodológico o Interacionismo Simbólico e a Grounded Theory, que subsidiaram uma interpretação da ação e das relações das mulheres no contexto da cirurgia ginecológica e da mutilação, baseados na definição e interpretação de significados por elas atribuídos. Dos resultados emergiram quatro categorias: Investigando a doença e decidindo aceitar a cirurgia, A passagem pela cirurgia: vivendo o processo de resolução do problema, Enfrentando as mudanças impostas pela cirurgia e Valorizando a vida. Evidenciou-se que ao receber o diagnóstico da doença, a mulher interage com dúvidas, medos, a busca por informação e pelos benefícios da cirurgia, e por fim decide aceitá-la. Ao passar pela cirurgia, vivencia incômodos, complicações, compreende que perdeu uma parte do corpo e procura conformar-se, tentando crer que foi o único caminho. As diversas mudanças que ocorrem fazem-na construir novos significados e mudar a percepção de si e do seu meio social, a partir da interação consigo mesma e com este meio, fazendo-a refletir sobre a sexualidade, seus relacionamentos, sua saúde, a diferença no corpo e em si mesma, nas funções que desempenha e sobre a mutilação provocada pela cirurgia. O desenvolvimento de mecanismos de enfrentamento, como comparar sua cirurgia e histórias com outras, identificar aprendizados com a experiência, buscar formas de superação e resignar-se resultaram na valorização da vida e na vontade de viver melhor. Percebe-se a importância da enfermeira estabelecer um cuidado multidimensional, que identifique as necessidades que vão além do corpo biológico, respeitando as particularidades e a individualidade no momento do cuidado e contribuindo para o bem-estar físico, psíquico, social e espiritual das mulheres.Several studies that approach the repercussions of gynecological surgery on womens lives indicate a relationship with subjective aspects, due to the social construction of the female identity, pointing out that the loss of gynecological organs may interfere in the way women perceive themselves and connects with the world. The object of this study is the process of interaction of women in the context of gynecological surgeries. To do so, the following objectives were devised: To describe the meanings of gynecological surgery for women undergoing such procedure and to analyze the process of interaction with women to themselves and with their social environment from the meanings attributed by her to gynecological surgery, considering the phenomenon of mutilation. This descriptive, exploratory study of qualitative nature had the Symbolic Interactionism and the Grounded Theory as theoretical-methodological references, thus supporting an interpretation of the action and relationships of women in the context of gynecological surgery, and mutilation, based on the definition and interpretation of meaning attributed by them. Four categories emerged from the results: Investigating the disease and deciding to accept the surgery; Undergoing the surgery: coping with the problem resolution process; Facing the changes posed by the surgery; and Appreciating life. It was evident that, when women are faced with the diagnosis, they interact with doubt, fear, search for information and the benefits of the surgery, and finally decides to accept it. After undergoing the surgery, they cope with discomfort, complications, they understand that they have lost a part of their bodies and seek resignation, trying to believe that it was the only way left. The several changes that occur make them build new meanings and change their own perception and the perception of their social environment, from the interaction with themselves and with that environment, reflection upon sexuality, their relationships, their health, the differences in their bodies and in themselves, in the role they play and in the mutilation provoked by the surgery. The development of confrontation mechanisms, such as comparing their surgeries and histories with others, identifying lessons learned with the experience, seeking ways of overcoming and resignation resulted in the appreciation of life and the desire to live better. The importance of the nurse in establishing a multidimensional care is noticeable. Such care must identify the needs that go beyond the biological body, respect the special characteristics and individuality at the moment of care and contribute to the womens physical, psychic, social and spiritual welfare.
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Romo, Abel Javier. "An English for Specific Purposes Curriculum to Prepare English Learners to Become Nursing Assistants." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1407.pdf.
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Machado, Fernanda de Souza. "Intervenções não farmacológicas para o tratamento da alteração do padrão do sono em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca: revisão sistemática." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7139/tde-19052017-093431/.
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Introdução: A alteração do padrão do sono representa um dos sintomas mais relatados pelos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca. As características deste distúrbio incluem curto período de sono, frequentes despertares e percepção da baixa qualidade do sono pelo paciente. Como consequência dessa alteração, o paciente em período de recuperação cirúrgica apresenta-se sonolento, fadigado, irritado e pouco motivado para as terapias de reabilitação. A promoção do sono desses pacientes é um desafio para o enfermeiro. Contudo, não há evidências conclusivas sobre as melhores intervenções não farmacológicas que possam ser seguramente adotadas na prática assistencial do enfermeiro. Objetivo: Analisar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre as melhores intervenções não farmacológicas para o tratamento da alteração do padrão do sono em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura que foi inspirada nas recomendações propostas pela Colaboração Cochrane. A estratégia de busca nas bases eletrônicas utilizou os componentes do PICO, representada pelo acrônimo P paciente, I intervenção, C controle, O outcomes. As bases de dados investigadas foram Pubmed, Cochrane, Lilacs, Scopus, Embase, Cinahl e PsycINFO. Incluiu-se também a busca na literatura cinzenta utilizando as bases ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da Universidade de São Paulo, Evidence-Informed Policy Network (EVIPNet), Observatório da Produção Intelectual da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos e ClinicalTrials.gov e as referências bibliográficas dos estudos incluídos. Os descritores controlados e não controlados foram delimitados para cada uma das bases de dados. Resultados: Considerando os critérios de inclusão e exclusão adotados, dez ensaios clínicos controlados e randomizados foram incluídos na revisão. Na síntese das evidências disponíveis, constatou-se que as intervenções não farmacológicas agruparam-se em três categorias principais: quatro estudos testaram dispositivos para minimizar a interrupção do sono e/ou sua indução; três ensaios clínicos investigaram a eficácia de técnicas de relaxamento e três estudos primários avaliaram a efetividade de intervenções educacionais. Em relação à qualidade metodológica dos estudos, 50% dos estudos foram considerados de moderada qualidade pelo escore de Jadad e outros 50%, de baixa qualidade. Os resultados mostram que o uso de dispositivos foi mais frequente na prevenção ou promoção da qualidade do sono. Conclusões: Melhoria significativa nos escores de avaliação do sono foi encontrada em estudos que testaram intervenções como tampões de ouvidos, máscara de olhos, relaxamento muscular, treinamento de postura e relaxamento, produção sonora e estratégia educacional. Recomenda-se, ainda, a construção de estudos com maior rigor metodológico para que possam ser adotados seus resultados na prática assistencial. Compete ao enfermeiro a avaliação correta das necessidades dos pacientes, o planejamento, a implementação das intervenções, a supervisão e a avaliação crítica dos resultados.Introduction: Disorders in the sleep pattern are among the most common symptoms reported by patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The features of these disorders include short sleep, frequent awakenings and low quality perceived by the patient. As a result of these disorders, the patient presents drowsy, fatigued, irritable and discouraged for rehabilitation therapies in the surgical recovery period. The promotion of sleep in these patients is a challenge for nurses. However, there isnt conclusive evidence about the best non-pharmacological interventions that can be adopted in care nursing practice. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the evidence available in the literature about the best non-pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disorders related to the sleep pattern in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Method: This is a systematic review of the literature that followed the recommendations proposed by the Cochrane Collaboration. The search strategy in the electronic databases used the PICO components. The databases investigated were Pubmed, Cochrane, LiLACS, Scopus, Embase, Cinahl and PsycINFO. It was also included the search in the \"gray\" literature using the bases ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations from the University of São Paulo, Evidence-Informed Policy Network (EVIPNet), Centre for Intellectual Production from the School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, Brazilian registry of Clinical Trials and ClinicalTrials.gov, as well as the reference lists of the included studies. The controlled and uncontrolled descriptors were defined for each of the databases. Results: Considering the adopted inclusion and exclusion criteria, ten randomized controlled trials were included in the review. In the synthesis of the available evidence, it was found that non-pharmacological interventions were grouped into three main categories: four studies tested devices to minimize disruption of sleep and/or its induction; three clinical trials investigated the efficacy of relaxing techniques and three primary studies evaluated the effectiveness of educational interventions. Regarding to the methodological quality of the studies, we havent found studies considered high quality by the Jadad score. Results show that the use of devices was more frequent in the prevention or promotion of sleep quality. Conclusions: Significant improvement in the scores for assessment of sleep was found in studies that tested interventions such as ear plugs, eye mask, muscle relaxation, posture training and relaxation, sound production and educational strategy. It is also recommended building studies with greater methodological precision so its results can be adopted in care practice. Nurses are responsible of evaluating correctly the patient needs, the planning and implementation of interventions, the supervision and the critical evaluation of results.
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Galvin, Kelly A. "Relationships between pre-endoscopy teaching and intravenous sedation requirements during an endoscopy procedure /." Staten Island, N.Y. : [s.n.], 1991. http://library.wagner.edu/theses/nursing/1991/thesis_nur_1991_galvi_relat.pdf.
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Moura, Louise Amália de. "Incidência e fatores preditores da dor pós-operatória em crianças submetidas à cirurgias ambulatoriais em Goiânia, Goiás: uma coorte prospectiva." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4045.
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Postoperative pain (POP) is still common, especially after hospital discharge, even when advanced anesthetic and surgical techniques are adopted in pediatric outpatient surgeries. An additional concern is the intensity of POP, which may vary from moderate to severe, despite the availability of evidence guiding clinical practice. This study’s objective was to analyze the incidence of POP and factors predicting this experience among 5 to 12 year old children undergoing outpatient surgeries. A prospective cohort study was conducted in two hospitals in Goiania, Brazil between April 2013 and February 2014 with a sample of 306 children, both genders, aged from 5 to 12 years old, ASA below III and indication of outpatient surgeries level I. Data were collected in pre, trans, immediate postoperative (IPO) and in the mediate postoperative (MPO). The intensity and quality of POP were assessed using the FPS-R scale and quality cards pain, respectively. Anxiety was assessed through EAPY-m. Children verbally consented to the study and their legal guardians signed free and informed consent forms. Cox regression was used in the statistical analysis to assess the effect of variables on the progress of POP on the seventh day after surgery. SPSS version 21.0 was used. Male children aged 7.43 years old on average (sd=2.09) with an average socioeconomic level were the majority. A total of 39.9% reported pre-operatory pain and 48.2% presented signs of anxiety. The most frequent surgeries included inguinal hernia repair (48.4%), umbilical hernia repair (20.7%), postectomy (11.3%), orchidopexy (8.6%) and epigastric hernia repair (8.6%). Most children received inhalational anesthesia with halothane, local anesthetic block with 0.5% of bupivacaine, and analgesia with intramuscular dipyrone. The cumulative incidence of POP was 76.8% (CI95%:71.6%-81.1%). During IPO, the incidence of pain was 38.9% (CI95%:33.0%-44.9%) and the intensity was mild. There was report of moderate pain (5.2%), intense pain (2.3%), and the worst pain possible (7.2%). The incidence of pain during MPO (1 st day at home) was 39.2% (CI95%:33.8%-45.9%) with mild intensity. There was report of moderate pain (3.6%), intense (3.6%) and the worst pain possible (4.0%). The incidence diminished on the 4 th day to 1.5% (CI95%:0.4%-3.3%), and the intensity of pain remained mild. There was report of moderate pain (1.5%) and the worst pain possible (0.4%). No new cases were identified on the 7 th day. A total of 10.7% (n=28) of the children experienced pain up to the 7 th day postoperative. There was report of moderate pain (0.8%) and intense pain (0.4%). Over the course of follow-up, children described POP through sensory, affective and evaluative descriptors. The variable preoperatory pain remained as a predictor factor for POP, increasing by three (3) times the risk of pain on the 7 th postoperative day (p=0.018). POP is still common among children undergoing outpatient surgeries. The management of preoperative pain may prevent persistent postoperative pain.
A dor pós-operatória (DPO) ainda é frequente, principalmente, após a alta hospitalar, mesmo com os avanços nas técnicas anestésicas e cirúrgicas adotadas no atendimento da cirurgia pediátrica com abordagem ambulatorial. Preocupação adicional centra-se na intensidade da DPO que pode variar de moderada a grave, apesar da disponibilidade de evidências que orientam a prática clínica. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a incidência de DPO e os fatores preditores dessa experiência, em crianças de 5 a 12 anos, submetidas a cirurgias ambulatoriais. Estudo de coorte prospectiva, conduzido em dois hospitais de Goiânia, Brasil, entre abril de 2013 e fevereiro de 2014, com amostra de 306 crianças, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 5 e 12 anos, ASA menor que III, e indicação de cirurgias ambulatoriais, porte I. Os dados foram coletados no pré, trans e pós-operatório imediato (POI) e mediato (POM). A intensidade e qualidade da DPO foram avaliadas por meio da escala FPS-R e dos Cartões das Qualidades da Dor, respectivamente. A ansiedade foi avaliada pela EAPY-m. As crianças deram o assentimento verbal e seus responsáveis assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Para a análise estatística, foi feita regressão de Cox para avaliar o efeito das variáveis sobre a evolução da DPO no sétimo dia de pós-operatório. Foi utilizado o programa SPSS versão 21.0. Prevaleceram crianças do sexo masculino, idade média de 7,43 anos (dp=2,09) e nível socioeconômico médio. No pré-operatório, 39,9% delas referiram dor pré-operatória, e 48,2% apresentaram sinais de ansiedade. As cirurgias mais frequentes incluíram a herniorrafia inguinal (48,4%), herniorrafia umbilical (20,7%), postectomia (11,3%), orquidopexia (8,6%) e herniorrafia epigástrica (8,6%). A maioria das crianças recebeu anestesia inalatória com halotano, bloqueio anestésico local com bupivacaína 0,5% e analgesia com dipirona por via intramuscular. A incidência acumulativa de DPO foi 76,8% (IC95%:71,6%-81,1%), No período POI, a incidência de dor foi de 38,9% (IC95%:33,0%-44,9%) e a intensidade leve. Houve relato de dor moderada (5,2%), dor intensa (2,3%) e a pior dor possível (7,2%). No POM (1º dia em casa), a incidência de dor foi de 39,2% (IC95%:33,8%-45,9%), e a intensidade classificada como leve. Houve relato de dor moderada (3,6%), intensa (3,6%) e a pior dor possível (4,0%). No 4º dia, a incidência diminui para 1,5% (IC95%:0,4%-3,3%), a intensidade da dor permaneceu leve. Houve relato de dor moderada (1,5%) e pior dor possível (0,4%). No 7º dia, nenhum caso novo foi identificado. Permaneceram com dor até esse dia 10,7% (n=28) das crianças. Houve relato de dor moderada (0,8%) e dor intensa (0,4%). Ao longo do seguimento, as crianças descreveram a DPO por meio de descritores sensitivos, afetivos e avaliativos. A variável dor pré-operatória manteve-se como fator preditor para a DPO aumentando em três (3) vezes o risco de dor no sétimo dia pósoperatório (p=0,018). DPO ainda é frequente entre crianças submetidas a cirurgias ambulatoriais. O manejo da dor pré-operatória pode prevenir prejuízos como a persistência da dor pós-operatória.
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Nonino, Eleine Aparecida Penha Martins. "Avaliação da qualidade dos procedimentos de enfermagem - banho e curativo - segundo o grau de dependência assistencial dos pacientes internados em um Hospital Universitário." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22132/tde-09122006-003356/.
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A qualidade dos serviços desenvolvidos por uma instituição de saúde depende muito da competência técnica e da habilidade de interação e comunicação de seus trabalhadores para com o usuário. As intervenções técnicas realizadas pela equipe de enfermagem requerem avaliações permanentes face aos riscos que comportam. Este estudo, observacional e seccional, analisou a qualidade e o tempo de execução dos procedimentos, banho e curativo, realizados pela equipe de enfermagem em pacientes internados na unidade médico-cirúrgica de um Hospital Universitário no estado do Paraná, tomando por referência o grau de dependência assistencial desta clientela. A população alvo foi constituída dos seguintes procedimentos: banho, em três tipologias (aspersão, aspersão com auxílio de cadeira de banho e banho no leito) e curativos executados em pacientes classificados segundo grau de dependência da assistência de enfermagem (I, II, III e IV). A amostragem para ambos os procedimentos foi por conveniência. Os dados foram coletados por meio de observação direta com a utilização de um instrumento tipo check list (lista de verificação). A qualidade dos procedimentos foi analisada com base no Índice de Positividade (IP) para cada item do instrumento e no escore de acertos, obtidos em cada procedimento; o tempo de execução foi avaliado em minutos. A qualidade da execução do procedimento foi considerada satisfatória quando a mediana do IP e do escore mediano de acertos fosse ? 70%. Foram observados 258 banhos de aspersão (42,6% grau I, 42,6% grau II e 14,8% grau III); 98 de aspersão com auxílio de cadeira de banho (12,5% grau I, 26,5% grau II, 54,1% grau III e 7,1% grau IV) e 46 banhos no leito (4,3% grau I, 37% grau III e 58,7% grau IV). O IP superou 70% apenas no banho de aspersão com auxílio de cadeira de banho em pacientes classificados no grau IV e no banho no leito no grau I. Os itens mais comprometidos estão relacionados à orientação/comunicação/interação com o paciente, higiene oral, desinfecção concorrente do leito, inspeção das condições da pele e valorização das queixas do paciente. Os resultados obtidos nos scores medianos de acertos nas três tipologias de banho, nos quatro graus de dependência também evidenciaram baixa qualidade, uma vez que somente no banho de aspersão com auxílio de cadeira de banho, grau IV e banho no leito grau I, 50% dos procedimentos alcançaram scores de até 80% e 76,5% de acertos, respectivamente. No procedimento curativo dos 168 observados, 33,9% foram em pacientes de grau I, 38,7% de grau II, 19,6% de grau III e 7,8% de grau IV. Em todos os graus de dependência, alcançou-se o índice de positividade total recomendado (? 70%). Entretanto, itens como preparo adequado do ambiente, conferência do prazo de validade dos materiais, respeito aos princípios de assepsia e manutenção da seqüência lógica do procedimento mostram baixa positividade. Os scores medianos de acertos foram superiores a 70% em todos os graus de dependência, indicando que o procedimento atende um padrão de qualidade. Tanto nos banhos como nos curativos não foram observadas diferenças no tempo despendido entre os diferentes graus de dependência.The quality of services offered by a health institution depends greatly on worker?s technical competence and interaction and communication abilities towards the client. Technical interventions performed by the nursing team require permanent evaluations of the risks involved. This observational and sectional study analyzed quality and time of execution of bathing and wound dressing procedures performed by the nursing team on hospitalized patients in a medical-surgical unit of a University Hospital in the State of Paraná, based on care dependency degrees of these clients. Target population was constituted by the following procedures: bathing, in three typologies (shower bath, shower bath with aid of a wheel chair and bed bath) and changing wound dressings on patients classified according to the nursing care dependency degree (I,II,III and IV). Convenience sampling was employed for both procedures. Data was collected through direct observation while using a check list instrument for documentation (verifying list). Procedure quality was analyzed based on the Positive Index (IP) for each item on the instrument and on the correct procedures score; execution time was evaluated in minutes. Quality of procedure execution was considered satisfactory when the IP median and the median correct procedure score was ? 70%. In this study 258 aspersion baths (42,6% degree I, 42,6& degree II and 14,8% degree III); 98 shower baths aided by wheel chair (12,5% degree I, 26,5% degree II, 54,1% degree III and 7,1% degree IV) and 46 bed baths (4,3% degree I, 37% degree III and 58,7% degree IV). The IP surpassed 70% only in the shower bath with aid of a wheel chair on patients classified as degree IV and on bed bath, degree I. The most frequently compromised items were related to orientation/communication/interaction with the patient, oral hygiene, bed disinfection, skin condition inspection and valuing patient complaints. Results obtained on the median of the correct procedures scores on the three bathing typologies, on the four dependency degrees also highlight low quality, because only in the shower bath with aid of a wheel chair, degree IV, and bed bath, degree I, 50% of the procedures reached 80% and 76,5% correct procedure scores, respectively. In the observed wound dressing procedures of the 168 patients, 33,9% were patients of degree I, 38,7% of degree II, 19,6% of degree III and 7,8% of degree IV. In all dependency degrees the recommended positivity index was reached (? 70%). Items such as adequate environment preparation, validity time frame checking, respect to aseptic principles and maintenance of procedure?s logical sequence, however, show low positivity. Medium scores were also superior to 70% in all dependency levels, indicating that the procedure meets a quality standard. It was not observed difference on time frame spent in the different dependency degrees in bathing and wound dressing procedures.
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Mendes, João Luís Lopes. "Pessoa em situação crítica com acidente vascular cerebral: uniformizar procedimentos em enfermagem no Serviço de Urgência." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/23418.
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Os enfermeiros que prestam cuidados no Serviço de Urgência são os profissionais que podem marcar a diferença no atendimento da pessoa com sintomatologia sugestiva de Acidente Vascular Cerebral.
Para que a equipa de enfermagem se encontre devidamente organizada para dar resposta a este tipo de situações, a formação apresenta-se como um pilar fundamental para reduzir, ao máximo, o tempo que o doente leva desde a sua chegada ao Serviço de Urgência até ao efetivo tratamento.
Este relatório tem como objetivo geral demonstrar a aquisição das competências de Mestre, Enfermeiro Especialista e Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica, apreendidas durante o Mestrado em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica: A Pessoa em Situação Crítica e durante o Estágio final.
Igualmente incluídas, encontram-se as etapas que permitiram implementar um Projeto Individual num Serviço de Urgência, tendo como principal ferramenta a formação. Do mesmo modo, encontram-se detalhadamente analisadas as competências acima descritas, adquiridas e desenvolvidas durante o período formativo teórico-prático; ABSTRACT:
Stroke Critically Ill Patient: Standardizing Nursing Procedures in the Emergency Department
The nurses who provide care in the Emergency Department are the professionals who can make a difference in the care of the person with symptoms suggestive of Cerebral Vascular Accident.
In order for the nursing team to be properly organized to respond to this type of situation, training is a fundamental pillar to reduce, to the maximum extent possible, the time that the patient takes from his arrival to the Emergency Department to the effective treatment.
This report aims to demonstrate the acquisition of the skills of Master, Specialist Nurse and Specialist Nurse in Medical-Surgical Nursing, seized during the Master's Degree in Medical-Surgical Nursing: The Person in Critical Situation and during the final stage.
The steps that allowed the implementation of an Individual Project in an Emergency Department are also included, with training as its main tool. In the same way, the skills described above, acquired and developed during the theoretical-practical training period, are analyzed in detail.
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Torres, Lilian Machado. "Readmissão por infecção do sítio cirúrgico ortopédico: um enfoque fenomenológico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7139/tde-10052017-094147/.
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Introdução: Quando os indivíduos apresentam infecção do sítio cirúrgico, incluindo o sítio ortopédico, observa-se que alguns recebem tratamento e cuidados em ambiente domiciliar e não necessitam de nova hospitalização. No caso de uma readmissão, decorrente de processo infeccioso, o tratamento pode ser conservador, por meio de cuidados com a ferida cirúrgica e uso de antimicrobianos, ou ainda pode ser necessário que se submeta a uma ou mais intervenções cirúrgicas. Profissionais de saúde devem conhecer os significados e o vivido nas readmissões consequentes de infecções associadas aos procedimentos cirúrgicos. É a reflexão dessa história que está no passado que, sendo verbalizada, traz consigo experiências próprias, únicas e exclusivas. As perguntas que levaram à investigação foram: Como é estar readmitido por infecção do sítio cirúrgico ortopédico? Como a readmissão por infecção pós-operatória ortopédica é entendida no contexto pessoal, de vida familiar, e de trabalho? Que repercussões pessoais e sociais decorrentes da readmissão por infecção ortopédica podem ser percebidas pelo indivíduo? Objetivo: Compreender a experiência de indivíduos readmitidos por infecção do sítio cirúrgico ortopédico. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa fundamentada na Fenomenologia Existencial de Martin Heidegger. Participaram desse estudo onze indivíduos readmitidos em função de infecção do sítio cirúrgico ortopédico, em um hospital público, em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Os depoimentos foram obtidos por meio de entrevista, entre março de 2014 e abril de 2015, a partir da seguinte questão norteadora: Como é para você estar readmitido por infecção do sítio cirúrgico ortopédico? Resultados: Os depoimentos coletados e analisados à luz da Fenomenologia existencial desvelaram o ser-aí-readmitido por infecção pós-operatória ortopédica. Sentiu medo e insegurança em relação ao que desconhecia; expressou frustração, pois estava acontecendo algo que não esperava acontecer; e observou o passar de um tempo que não significou o quantitativo de dias ou semanas em que ali estava presente, mas, ao contrário, a ausência de ser em seu cotidiano. Nesse momento, percebeu-se descuidado, e a comunicação em saúde marcou o descuidado quando julgou não ter sido acolhido e ouvido em sua história, em seu existir. Assim, entendeu as relações sociais comprometidas, que, algumas vezes, tangenciaram o rompimento. Apegar-se a Deus foi uma estratégia de conforto e de proximidade com um ser divino que poderia afastar aquilo que se aproximava e ameaçava: complicações, sequelas e morte. Conclusões: Os resultados desse estudo sinalizam a necessidade de aprofundar o conhecimento das dimensões que envolvem o cuidar com vistas ao desenvolvimento de competências, a partir das subjetividades dos momentos vividos no processo saúde-doença. Para isto, conhecer é primordial, refletir possibilita compreender, quando, então, a simples habilidade de ouvir toma o caminho da escuta qualificada, em que as atitudes são possíveis e o profissional de saúde desenvolve a capacidade para o cuidado em seu verdadeiro significado. O cuidado que transcende o saber fazer e tenta alcançar o saber fazer sensível.Introduction: When people develop a surgical site infection, including the orthopedic site, it can be observed that some receive treatment and care in the home environment, not requiring re-hospitalization. In the case of readmission due to infectious process, treatment can be conservative through caring for the surgical wound and antimicrobial use, or it can require one or more surgical interventions. Health professionals should know the meanings and the experience of readmissions as a consequence of infections associated with surgical procedures. It is this reflection about past reports stories that when verbalized reveal unique and exclusive experiences. The questions leading to the investigation were: How does it feel to be readmitted for an orthopedic surgical site infection?; How is readmission due to an orthopedic post-operative infection understood in the personal, family life and work context?; What personal and social repercussions from orthopedic infection readmission can be perceived by the individual? Objective: To understand the experience of individuals readmitted due to orthopedic surgical site infection. Method: A qualitative research based on the Existential Phenomenology of Martin Heidegger. 11 individuals readmitted due to orthopedic surgical site infection in a public hospital in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, who met inclusion and exclusion criteria participated in this study. Their statements were obtained through interviews between March 2014 and April 2015, from the following guiding question: How is it for you to be readmitted due to an orthopedic surgical site infection? Results: The testimonies that were collected and analyzed in the light of the Existential Phenomenology unveiled a specific readmitted-being-there feeling from orthopedic post-operative infection. They felt afraid and insecure regarding the unknown; expressed frustration because something that they did not expect would happen was happening; and the passing of time was perceived that did correspond to the amount of days or weeks in which they were present, but, instead, a feeling of being absent from being in their daily lives. At that point, a feeling of neglect was perceived, with health communication characterizing this neglect, making them feel like they have not been welcomed, nor had their story, their existence, heard. Therefore, understanding the impaired social relationships, which sometimes affected the disruption. Becoming attached to God was a comfort strategy of proximity to a divine being who could ward off the treatments that were coming: complications, sequelae and death. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate the need to deepen the knowledge of the dimensions involving care with a view to develop skills from the subjectivity of the experiences lived in the health-illness process. For this, understanding is essential, and reflection enables understanding, whereupon the simple ability to listen leads to qualified listening, where attitudes are possible and the health professional develops the ability to care for its true meaning; the care that transcends know-how and tries to achieve sensitive know-how.
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Johnson, Himes Becky Sue. "Blood Lead Testing Guideline Development for a Public Health Department." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6443.
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A lack of consistent, evidence-based practices for blood lead testing of children existed in a local public health department (LHD). No known blood lead level is safe, and toxicity can result in behavioral and cognitive impairments. The purpose of this project was to develop and analyze a clinical practice guideline to establish blood lead testing procedures in the LHD to improve testing procedures and enhance future testing within the jurisdiction. The RE-AIM framework was used to address the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of the clinical practice guideline. Five experts evaluated the guideline using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation instrument. The assessment results indicated 96.4% agreement across all domains. The experts agreed unanimously to recommend adoption of the clinical practice guideline. Implementation of the guideline might advance nursing practice and patient care in the LHD through incorporation of evidence-based practices. Implementation might also lead to early identification of lead-burdened children and may provide the opportunity for treatment to mitigate cognitive and behavioral deficits related to lead toxicity, thereby improving child health and decreasing related health care costs. Engagement of the clinical practice guideline will support positive social change through the empowerment of public health nurses to provide optimal care to a population of children at risk of deleterious and long-term side effects of lead exposure.
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Abrahamsson, Jenny, and Madelene Gustafsson. "Smärtlindrande metoder vid nålrelaterade procedurer på barn –en litteraturstudie." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-67720.
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Ramakrishnan, Vijaya. "Use of Simulation for Tracheostomy Care, a Low Volume, High Risk Nursing Procedure." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4981.
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Often, education regarding low volume and high-risk procedures, like tracheostomy, are ignored. Lack of experience, skills, and human resources can lead to decreases in confidence levels, diminished quality of care, and potentially an adverse event. The purpose of this DNP project was to prepare simulation-based education on the tracheostomy procedure and provide hands-on education to bedside nurses. The project answered the question: To what extent will a simulation-based teaching method adequately prepare staff nurses in a post-acute surgical unit to perform this high risk low volume procedure? The Johns Hopkins evidence-based model method was used to assist in translation of the practice change process. The International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning standards were used to design simulation scenarios. Surgical acute care nurses (n = 35) including day and night shift nurses, new graduates, and experienced nurses participated. Groups of five to eight nurses participated in a two-hour simulation session at hospital simulation center. Pre- and post-surveys on confidence level data, and National League of Nursing evaluation tool data on educational practices and simulation designs were collected from all participants. Paired t-test statistics showed a significant increase in confidence level from pre to post education (p < .001). Because of the significant impact on patient care due to preventing complications and by improving nursing staff's level of confidence, the project may contribute to positive social change.
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Chan, Chun-ha, and 陳春霞. "Evidence-based practice guideline for patients undergoing intermittentcatheterization procedure." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46581297.
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Moore, Leslie C. "Factors That Influence Smoking Cessation in Women Following an Invasive Cardiovascular Procedure." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/nursing_diss/12.
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Women smokers with heart disease (HD) are at increased risk for negative health effects. At the time of invasive cardiovascular (CV) interventions is a critical opportunity to make lifestyle changes to reduce future CV interventions. The purposes of this study guided by the Health Belief Model were to determine which factors predict smoking cessation (SC) in women following an invasive CV procedure and to explore assistance received with SC.
A correlational, prospective design was used. Data were collected from women smokers at the time of an invasive CV intervention and three months later. Instruments measured commitment to stop smoking, perceived threat of HD and future interventions, cessation self efficacy, barriers to SC, benefits of SC, cues to action, and motivation. Analyses included Chi-square, t-tests, and multiple, hierarchical, and logistic regression.
On average women (N = 76) were middle-aged (M = 55.9 ± 8.0 yrs), smoked M = 15.3 ± 9.8 daily cigarettes and smoked for M = 33.6 ± 10.2 years. At baseline, fewer perceived barriers to SC, high cessation self-efficacy, and being more autonomously motivated to quit smoking explained 67 % of variance in commitment to stop smoking, F (6, 67) = 19.37, p < .001. At 3 months, only 8 (n = 54) women had quit smoking. Women smoked fewer daily cigarettes (M = 10.6 ± SD = 8.5) at 3 months compared to time of procedure (M = 15.3 ± 9.8), t(51) = 3.43, p < .01. Higher baseline cessation self-efficacy and lower HD threat were predictors of SC at three months, X2 (4, N=54) = 18.67, p = .001. At the three month follow up, the most common barrier to SC was anxiety (24%) and cigarette cravings (24%). While women were highly committed and confident they could quit, they reported receiving little help from their health care provider (HCP) other than simple advice to quit smoking.
Most women undergoing an invasive CV procedure were unable to quit smoking even with a high desire to do so. Referrals for assistance from HCP to decrease anxiety and nicotine dependence and to address ongoing challenges to SC are needed.
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Berggren, Johanna, and Frida Lohus. "Lustgasbehandling vid smärtsamma procedurer : En utvärdering av lustgasbehandling på barn." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för omvårdnad, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-39560.
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Bakgrund: Barn som besöker vården upplever rädsla och oro inför att vårdåtgärder kan tänkas göra ont. Adekvat smärtlindring är viktig för att lindra barns fysiska och psykiska smärta samt främja god hälsa. Det finns olika sätt att lindra barns smärta, en metod är lustgasbehandling. Syfte: Syftet var att i form av ett förbättringsarbete utvärdera lustgasbehandling i samband med att barn genomgår en smärtsam procedur på en barn- och ungdomsmedicinsk klinik på ett medelstort sjukhus i södra Sverige. Metod: Förbättringsarbetet genomfördes med en kvantitativ design. Deskriptiv statistik har använts för att utvärdera lustgasens effekter och bieffekter, vidare har andra faktorer som kan påverka behandlingen utvärderats. Resultat: Lustgas har varit användbart i samband med smärtsamma procedurer, behandlingen har fungerat smärtlindrande samt varit till hjälp för barn som varit rädda. Lustgasbehandling uppskattas av både barn och deras vårdnadshavare. Slutsatser: För att lindra barns lidande och utföra god omvårdnad måste barnsjuksköterskan ha kunskap om hur barn upplever smärtsamma situationer samt hur smärta bäst lindras. Det aktuella förbättringsarbetet har bekräftat att lustgas är en metod som kan hjälpa barn i samband med flera typer av smärtsamma procedurer. Genom att kunna välja lustgas som smärtlindrande och lugnande metod kan barnets delaktighet och hälsa främjas.Background: Children receiving health care experience fear and anxiety related to possible painful procedures. Adequate pain relief is important to ease children’s physical and psychological pain and further to promote good health. There are various ways of relieving children’s pain, one method is nitrous oxide. Aim: The aim was to through an improvement work evaluate the usage of nitrous oxide in connection to children undergoing a painful procedure on a children’s and youth’s medicine ward at a medium sized hospital in south of Sweden. Method: The improvement work was conducted through a quantitative design. Descriptive statistics was used to evaluate the effects and adverse events of nitrous oxide, furthermore has other variables that may affect the treatment been evaluated. Results: Nitrous oxide has been useful when utilized in painful procedures, the treatment has served pain relieving and eased children who experienced fear. Both children and legal guardians appreciated the usage of nitrous oxide. Conclusion: A children’s nurse must possess knowledge related to children’s experience of pain and adequate pain relief in order to ease children’s suffering and administer good care. The current improvement work has confirmed nitrous oxide to be a tool that might help children in connection to several painful procedures. Through the choice of using nitrous oxide as a pain relieving and sedative method the child’s empowerment and health can be improved.
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Arroyo-Novoa, Carmen Mabel. "Procedural pain responses in acute and critically ill patients." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2010. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3398873.
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