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1
Oler, Jennifer S. "The Effect of Religiosity and Spirituality on Work Practices and Trust Levels in Managers and their Subordinates in Food and Nutrition Care Departments." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2004. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/556.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which religiosity and spirituality affected daily work practices and leader/follower trust levels in foodservice and nutrition directors and their subordinates. A similar 72-item survey questionnaire was developed for both the directors and employees, which was completed by 129 directors and 530 employees. Both questionnaires contained questions on demographics, religious influences on work practices, trust characteristics, and three validated measures of religiosity: 1) worship service attendance (1=Religiosity Score), 2) influence of spiritual beliefs on daily life, and 3) frequency of prayer (2 + 3=Spirituality Score). Frequency data was gathered for all questions. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson's Correlation were used to assess the relationship of directors' and employees' Religiosity and Spirituality Scores compared to their daily work practices and trust levels. Two-sample t-tests evaluated differences in directors' and employees' perceived trust levels toward each other. Most directors and employees were women and Caucasian. Most of the directors and employees had earned a Master's degree and bachelor's degree, respectively. The religion most frequently reported was Protestant. Data analysis of the Religiosity and Spirituality Scores and demographics showed some differences in ethnic group, gender, age, and education level, although there was no consistently identified trend. Well over one-third of directors (40.3%) and employees (36.3%) attended worship services at least four times the previous month. The more directors and employees attended worship services, the more likely they were to demonstrate specific spiritual actions and attitudes at work. Generally, religiosity and spirituality did not appear to influence perceived trustworthiness in directors and employees. However, both directors and employees were rated as being highly trustworthy by their counterpart(s). Directors and employees tend to over-rate their own trustworthiness when compared to ratings by the opposite discipline. Degree of religiosity and spirituality did not consistently affect the way directors and employees rated each others' trustworthiness though it was related to how they perceived their own trustworthiness. Directors expected that their employees were more committed to their jobs than they actually were.
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Loma, Mercado Karem Khaterine. "The Nutritional Characterization of the Carob Tree in the Department of Cochabamba." BYU ScholarsArchive, 1997. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5385.
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The nutritional value for the following species have been determined: P.pallida, P.laevigata var. andicola, P.flexuosa, P.nigra, P.alba of the genus Proposis. To obtain this purpose surveys were done about the use and consumption of the Carob Tree in the High and Central Valleys of the Cochabamba Department. As a result of the surveys it was determined that the consumption of the pods made up for 54% of human nourishment. The species that were consumed the most were P.pallida and P.laevigata var. andicola. Within the uses of these leguminous pods, the pods are directly consumed in their raw form and on a lesser scale in their cooked form. It was also observed that a minority use it as flour which is then ingested principally in the form of pito and api. Afterwards a chemical bromatologic analysis was done and it was determined that there was a high content of carbohydrates and fiber, a relatively good percentage of protein and a low ethereal extract, standing out more than the minerals calcium and iron. It was also determined that the highest content of protein and ethereal extract show P.laevigata var. andicola and P.nigra, the fiber P.laevigata var. andicola, and P.pallida calories. The species with the most concentration of the minerals phosphorus, iron, and calcium were P.pallida and P.nigra. The biological tests for the protein quality performed for the two species that were the most consumed show poor results of Real Digestibility (Dr), Net Use of Real Protein (UNPr), Real Biological Value (VBr), and the Relation of the Efficiency of Protein (PER). These are considerably becoming better through a thermic process (toasted 10min). The leguminous cereal complementation (corn-carob tree), favorably increased all of the biological indexes. The species P.pallida showed superiority compared to the results obtained for P.leavigata var. andicola. In the meantime these species can be considered a good energy source and with the combination of cereals can effectively cover caloric protein deficiencies.
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Ndilele, Theodora Zola. "The effectiveness of school nutrition programme of the Eastern Cape Department of Education." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2005.
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This dissertation is about the National School Nutrition Programme (NSNP) in South Africa. This Programme was introduced by government in 1994 with the aim of alleviating poverty; unemployment and improving learning capacity of children. Specifically, it is intended to help poor children and to empower poverty-stricken communities, particularly in the rural areas across all the nine provinces. The focus of this study is on the investigation of effectiveness and efficient management of the Programme in the Eastern Cape Province, with specific reference to Mhlontlo District. Mhlontlo district is one of the predominantly rural areas in the province of the Eastern Cape, a remote area characterized by high levels of poverty and unemployment, and low levels of infrastructural developments. Surrounding Schools in the area are also affected by these problems. Learners at these schools are from poor families. It is for this reason that this scheme becomes important as it is most needed and, to effectively and efficiently realise its intended objectives, it must be properly managed. The main theme of the study revolves around effective and efficient service delivery that must be taken as the first priority in the management of NSNP. Factors that contribute to efficiency and effectiveness must be taken into consideration by all stakeholders and are outlined as follows: The aims in this study is to assess the effectiveness of management of the National School Nutrition Programme at Mhlontlo district in the eastern Cape, to identity shortcomings in the management of the Programme and to suggest possible remedies to improve the management of the Programme to effective service delivery. Against the background of the problem statement, the following questions were posited. How can the management of the National School Nutrition Programme with specific reference to Mhlontlo district be enhanced to ensure that its intended objectives are realized? What effect will improved management have on service delivery in the National School Nutrition Programme? And how will adherence to the Batho Pele Principles improve service delivery in schools with regard to the National School Nutrition Programme? The target population in this study was the learners, teachers and community of Schools around Mhlontlo District whose children are being catered for at school as respondents. Statistics of learners who are beneficiaries of this programme were obtained from surrounding Schools. The percentage of the response to the questions led to the results that services are not delivered as effectively as expected. The study concluded by recommendations of what national and provincial department of Education are required to do together with the school, service providers and the community in order to improve service delivery in schools that participate in the NSNP. Finally, the NSNP is for the deprived citizens of South Africa. The onus is on the community of Mhlontlo District, service providers, teachers and education authorities responsible for the NSNP to work together to make the programme effective for advancing the development of young people.
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Crockett, Mary M. "Impact of a hospital-based department of food and nutrition newsletter in changing eating behaviors of hospital employees /." Online version of thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/12341.
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Woolfolk, Sara Rebecca. "BEHAVIORAL AND LIFESTYLE CHANGES AFTER IMPLEMENTATION OF A WALKING PROGRAM AMONG TEACHERS AT AN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL." MSSTATE, 2006. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-07062006-175426/.
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Health experts are recommending an average of 10,000 steps daily to attain certain health benefits and suggesting the use of pedometers for calculating ambulatory activity, such as walking. A 13-week, worksite walking program was implemented with teachers at an elementary school providing pedometers, weekly walking groups, bimonthly supplemental nutrition information, and a survey upon program completion to evaluate the effectiveness. Results showed that of the 31.3% that participated, 93.6% have tried to increase their daily activity in the past and 58.1% found the Bee Active walking program to be more effective than previous attempts. Participants reported that wearing the pedometer helped motivate more physical activity and increase total daily steps taken. For non-participants (63.6%), schedule conflicts and lack of time were the top two participation barriers. As a result of providing the bimonthly nutritional information, both participants and non-participants have attempted to make healthier food choices, while increasing their daily consumption of fruits and vegetables significantly.
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Gonzáles, Tapia Juana F. Moraima. "Nutritional and food situation of five communities of Canaviri, Colina Blanca, Villa Arriendo, Puente Arriba and Pocohata, department of La Paz, Bolivia." BYU ScholarsArchive, 1997. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5370.
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The following work seeks to address the necessity that the inhabitants of the impoverished regions in Bolivia experience, as is the case of the highland region of Paceno, which is the understanding of their nutritional and alimentary situation. We studied the communities of Canavari, Pocohata, Colina Blanca, Puente Arriba, and Villa Arriendo de la Provincia Ingavi, in the province of la Paz. The studied variable was the nutritional sta te, having as parameters: physical and economical availability of the food, food consumption, nutritional habits, biological usage of the food, basic sanitary conditions, and the educationallevel of the heads of family. A cross-descriptive study was conducted considering the aforementioned values. Government help was required for the collection of data in each particular community, in which the necessary anthropometric measurements were collected, followed by a survey, and direct observation. In order to accomplish the goal of the study the following specific objectives were set: evaluate the nutritional state of the population, determine the availability of the food, and determine the consumption and usage patterns of the food. The obtained data shows different levels of malnutrition in both children and adults; regarding their nutritional state, it is important to emphasis the high prevalence of chronic malnutrition in both children and adults. The data shows that the diet followed by the inhabitants of the studied is very poor in variety, and limited by several factors, such as cost, poor availability, and poor crop diversity. We also observed that the primary base of the diet were carbohydrates, mostly obtained from tubers such as potatoes. According to the characteristics of the nutritional state presented by the studied populations, we can say, unless they are corrected, there is an inherent risk in that in the future, the work force in the community will diminish, causing a decrease in the crops, and therefore, a greater damage to the nutritional state of the people inhabiting this impoverished regions.
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Gonzles, Tapia Juana F. Moraima. "Nutritional and Alimentative State of the Canaviri, Pocohata, Colina Blanca, Puente Arriba and Villa Arriendo, Ingavi Province, Department of La Paz - 1996." BYU ScholarsArchive, 1996. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5372.
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The intent of the present work responds to the necessity of the settlers in depressed areas of La Paz's Altiplano in Bolivia of knowing the reality surrounding the unfolding of their lives. The focus takes into account only one part of all that weighs down on them: that part dealing with their nutritional and alimentative state. This study takes in the communities of Canaviri, Pocohata, Colina Blanca, Puente Arriba, and Villa Arriendo of the Ingavi Province in the Department of La Paz. The variable taken into account is the families' nutritional situation; these families possessing the same status in the following dimensions: physical and economic availability of food, food consumption, alimentary habits, biological utilization of aliments-determined in this case through causal indicators, conditions of basic sewage drain off, and level of instruction of family heads. An encompassing and descriptive study was based on the preceding dimensions. Help in collecting information was provided by community authorities and the population of each community in particular who were subjected to the corresponding taking of anthropometric measurements. Through investigation and direct observation, all the information was obtained with the purpose of responding to the proposed objectives. The principal objective was to determine the nutritional and alimentary situation of the populations of the communities under observation. The other objectives could be summed up in the following terms: to evaluate the nutritional state of all inhabitants of the communities, to determine the availability of food for the families in the study, to establish the families' food consumption, to determine nursing (lactational) habits and complementary alimentation, to determine the biological utilization of food, through cause and effect indicators, and to determine the level of instruction of family heads. The figures obtained show the different degrees of malnutrition affecting children as well as adults. In reference to the first point, or the nutritional status, it is necessary to bring out the high prevalence of chronic undernourishment in those under 18 years of age (37% on average in the five communities) in relation to those over 18 years of age where the prevalence reaches 84%. This alimentation is not varied and above all is conditioned on various factors that are principally economic in nature-alimentary habits and little crop diversification. In reference to food consumption, the principal base of alimentation in the five communities is carbohydrates coming primarily from tubers such as the potato and its derivatives including potato starch and tunta. Because of the characteristics of this type of monotonous alimentation, the degrees of adequacy reached vary between 59% and 83% for calories, between 35% and 58% for proteins, and from 72% to 40% for fats. Finally, carbohydrates show the best levels in terms of adequacy, though these are still under recommendable levels, varying from 76% to 88%. Another point to take into consideration is the low incomes obtained by these families, which usually consist of more than 5 members. Of this low income, the amount destined for food fluctuates between 4 and 5 dollars (23.30 Bolivianos) per week. Poverty is a causal factor of malnutrition as well as low food consumption, bad living conditions, lack of basic sanitary sewage services, and problems of effective communication with the outside. Therefore, poverty should be reduced through training of the settlers. Given the characteristics of the nutritional status, the alimentation these people receive regularly, the environmental conditions in which they live, their low incomes, their high percentages of illiteracy, and the few possibilities that they have to overcome their limitations, the conclusion that arises is that by continuing the same path a risk is run that, in the future, the workforce will diminish and, at the same time, their harvests will shrink, consequently causing above all a greater danger in the nutritional well-being of the settlers.
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Ticona, Benique Eduardo. "Concentration of metabolites and behavior of live weight in llamas (Lama glama) fed with natural grass and barley during gestation, postpartum, and new born phases in Turco, department of Oruro." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5438.
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The llama, a potential socioeconomic resource in the Bolivian highlands, faces serious nutritional deficiencies during the gestational and postpartum stages that negatively affect production. This study was conducted at the Tika Huta Experimental Center in the Llachu community of the Oruro prefecture. Our objectives were to determine metabolite concentration in blood plasma as well as live weight performance of pregnant and postpartum female llamas. Adult and juvenile llamas were fed diets of either plain natural grass or natural grass combined with 0.4 kg of barley hay. In addition, we determined metabolite concentrations in blood plasma and live weight performance of newborns until three months of age. Ten newborn llamas and nine pregnant adult llamas were used. We collected 133 blood plasma samples from mothers and 57 blood plasma samples from newborns. The samples were sent to laboratories at Brigham Young University for analysis. Results showed the following metabolite concentrations in pregnant llamas: 7.23 ± 1.80 g/dl total proteins, 36.31 ± 1.32 mg/dl urea, 84.72 ± 3.58 mg/dl triglycerides, 55.89 ± 2.32 mg/dl cholesterol, and 7.11 ± 1.34 mg/dl creatinine. In newborn llamas, blood plasma metabolite concentrations were as follows: 7.20 ± 1.54 g/dl total proteins, 48.41 ± 1.30 mg/dl urea, 103.25 ± 2.60 mg/dl triglycerides, 89.09 ± 3.30 mg/dl cholesterol, and 2.39 ± 0.33 mg/dl creatinine. The average live weights were 76.82 ± 8.57 kg and 15.95 ± 2.47 kg for mothers and newborns, respectively. Animals fed diets of natural grass and barley hay yielded results with significant differences. It is recommended that llama diets be supplemented with barley hay during the first two months of gestation, the last third of gestation, and postpartum.
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Iglesias, Sandoval Teresa Beatriz. "Nutritional Situation of the Communities Pan de Azucar, Hancara, Villa Santa Chacoma and Hichuraya Grande, Department of La Paz, Ingavi Province, Bolivia 1996." BYU ScholarsArchive, 1997. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5378.
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The present research work is a transverse and descriptive study, which had as its principal objective to determine the Food and Nutritional Situation of the communities of Villa Santa Chacoma, Hancara, Hichuraya Grande and Pan de Azucar of the Ingavi province of the department of the La Paz. The most relevant part of the study was in finding the elevated percentage of infant population that presents an elevated prevalence and different levels of malnutrition. In adults what calls the attention is the physical exhaustion and the loss of muscle tissue, this situation was seen as a consequence of poverty, food consumption, prolonged exposure to breastfeeding, complementary feeding, type of foods that those under the age of 2 eat, the lack of knowledge about nutrition, geographical location in the communities, the degree of instruction of the heads of family, sanitary conditions and above all the economic factor.
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Wood, Tamara Michelle. "Nutritional Assessment of Rural Mossi People in Burkina Faso: A Comparison of Pre- and Post-Harvest Status." UNF Digital Commons, 2000. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/287.
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The purpose of this study was to compare the nutritional status of a rural population of Mossi people in Burkina Faso during the pre- and post-harvest seasons. Comparisons were made between the sample population and the American population, between the pre- and post-harvest seasons, between males and females in the sample population and between the various age groups in the sample population.
This nutritional assessment consisted of collecting demographical information, anthropometrical measurements such as weight and height, a clinical assessment to evaluate physiological signs of nutritional deficiencies and a food frequency questionnaire to describe the dietary practices of the population. Due to the potential risks of handling human blood, urine and feces, biochemical analyses were not performed in this study. Special attention was given to the nutritional problems most common in Africa: protein energy malnutrition, vitamin A deficiency, iron deficiency and goiter.
Adults in this study had an average body mass index of 19.1, classifying the adult population as "underweight". The population of American adults, however, has a tendency toward a body mass index in the slightly overweight category. The BMI range of adults in the study population was 12.9 to 27.8. A total of 36.9% of the adult population presented with some level of protein energy malnutrition while only 2.7% were slightly obese.
Seventy percent of children were below the 50th percentile on the 2000 Centers for Disease Control weight-for-height growth chart. A third of all children were below the 3rd percentile of weight-for-height. The vast majority of children in this study had a weight-for-height below the median, or "average", American child. The mean percent of median body weight-for-height for the child population in the lean season was 85.2% indicating that the median child in this sample population was mildly wasted. The mean percent of median weight-for-height rose to 94.6% in the post-harvest season indicating that the median child of the sample population was "normal" concerning wasting status.
The results of this study indicate that this rural population of Mossi people was less well-nourished than their American counterpart and that their nutritional status differed based on season (F=[4,177] 4.77, p=.03 for adults and F=[4,51] 8.56, p=.005 for children) but not gender (F=[ 4,177] .04, p=.83 for adults and chi square= 4.37, p=.22, df=3 for children) or age group for adults (r=.l 0, p=.29). In children, nutritional status was based on age group (but contrary to the expected outcome) with prepubescent children having lower weight-for-height percentiles than the under-five population (chi square = 40.34, p=.02, df=24). Nutritional status improved as predicted during the postharvest, or plentiful, season. Due to the lack of biochemical analyses, the potential vitamin and mineral deficiencies indicated in the brief physical examination were not confirmed. Vitamin A deficiency was the most likely nutrient deficiency; symptoms occurred in 51% of the population, primarily in adults and older children. PEM, although indicated by the anthropometric measures to affect 37.1% of the adult population and 55.4% of the child population, did not greatly manifest itself in clinical symptoms. The incidence of iron deficiency anemia was also relatively low with only 7% of the population presenting with pale conjunctivae, a potential, but non-specific sign of iron deficiency anemia. The goiter rate was also very low with only two cases occurring during the post-harvest season.
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Iglesias, Sandoval Teresa Beatriz. "Food and nutrition situation in the villa Santa Chacoma, Hancara, Hichuraya Grande and Pan de Azucar communities of the Ingavi province in the department of La Paz, Bolivia 1996." BYU ScholarsArchive, 1997. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5377.
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A diagnosis of the Food and Nutrition situation was made of the populations of the communities of Villa Santa Chacoma, Hancara, Hichuraya Grande and Pan de Azúcar, pertaining to the Ingavi province of the La Paz department. The principle objective was to: identify the Nutritional Food Situation of these communities, the secondary objectives were to: Identify the nutritional state of the inhabitants of the communities, identify the physical availability of food, identify the habits of breastfeeding and supplementary feeding, identify the level of ingestion, establish the consumption of food and identify the level of education of householders; to these ends a cross-sectional descriptive study was designed, with a scope that is limited to the entire population of these communities. The data found in the prevalence of malnutrition in children under 18, according to the indicators of Weight/Age, Weight/Height and Height/Age which are significantly higher. The Global Nutritional State (P/E) presented a 21%, the actual nutritional state (P/T) has a prevalence of 19%; according to the indicator of Height/Age reflecting the nutritional history of child malnutrition showed a prevalence of 32%. These types of malnutrition are expressed more intensely in the male sex and groups of 6 to 17 years. The highest prevalence corresponds to the chronic malnutrition which indicates the under nourishment that children from the earliest years of life and which manifests itself as time goes on.
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Pluchon, Sylvain. "Efficience du phosphore et innovation des engrais phosphatés." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NSARC142.
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Ce mémoire de validation des acquis de l’expérience (VAE) s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une demande d’accès au diplôme de doctorat. Il s’organise autour de trois parties. La première est un bilan de parcours, la deuxième est une analyse des activités de recherche et la troisième est un bilan des productions scientifiques. Autour de nombreux exemples, il structure une analyse des acquis et des compétences. Dans le premier chapitre, le bilan de parcours s’appuie sur une analyse chronologique et catégorielle des activités (travaux de recherche, animation scientifique, encadrement, enseignement, etc.) aussi bien en recherche publique que privée. Il rend compte de nombreuses évolutions sensibles : évolution du positionnement à la recherche, spécialisation progressive des sujets d’étude, internationalisation croissante des échanges scientifiques, structuration du réseau partenarial, management d’équipe…Dans le deuxième chapitre, plusieurs travaux scientifiques sont présentés portant sur l’amélioration de l’efficience d’utilisation du phosphore selon diverses approches (complexation, solubilisation bactérienne, voie de signalisation, vectorisation de principes actifs et modélisation de diffusion…). Ces sujets de recherche s’organisent autour de la compréhension des processus, des mécanismes d’actions et des domaines de validité des solutions à destination du milieu agricole. Enfin, dans le troisième chapitre, les types de productions scientifiques (publications, brevets, autorisations de mise sur le marché, posters, communications, rapports d’expertise…) rendent compte de la transThis manuscript is part of a process of recognition of acquired experience. It is organized around three parts. The first part is an assessment of the course, the second part is an analysis of the research activities and the third part is a review of the scientific productions. Around many examples, it structures an analysis of skills and competencies. In the first chapter, the assessment of the course is based on a chronological and categorical analysis of activities (research work, scientific animation, supervision, teaching, etc.) in both public and private research. It reports on many significant developments: evolution of positioning to research, progressive specialization of the subjects of study, increasing internationalization of scientific exchanges, structuring of the partnership network, team management ...In the second chapter, several scientific works are presented on the improvement of the efficiency of use of phosphorus according to various approaches (complexation, bacterial solubilization, signaling pathway, vectorization of active principles and diffusion modeling ...). These research topics are organized around the understanding of processes, mechanisms of action and areas of validity of solutions for the agricultural community. Finally, in the third chapter, the types of scientific productions (publications, patents, marketing authorizations, posters, communications, expert reports ...) reflect the transdisciplinary of the work, reveal the importance of protection strategies. intellectual property and concretize the complementary nature of the laborato
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Mercado, Miranda Maria Isabel. "Elaboration and Validation of the Educational Material Used in Nutritional Education in the Communities of Copalacaya, Choquenaira, Callisaya, and Muruamaya, of the Providence Ingavi of the Department of La Paz 1998." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2000. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5401.
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This work had the objective to elaborate and validate educational, graphic material to give Nutritional Education in the communities of Copalapaya, Choquenaira, Callisaya, and Muruamaya belonging to the Ingavi province. With exclusive material for the rural area and with themes directed toward women, men, and children, such material was elaborated with the participation of all the community, where each one of them they put its abilities and gave ideas to improve the material and on all requested that the drawings be as close to reality as possible. The development of the study proceeded by the following: It started with a bibliographical revision on the existing studies, and the results were: In the rural area of the Bolivian Altiplano, according to various studies carried out we find a permanent deterioration of the Nutritional State of the children and adults that is identified in a high percentage of the rural population of the communities through study that there is limited access or availability of food, intervening factors such as the under consumption of calories causing you high rates of chronic malnutrition in children under 5 years of age, the size of the family, distribution among the family of the food and inadequate consumption of food, lack of basic sanitization, lack of hygiene and quality of the food, the different levels of ingestion and nutritional value of the nutrients. One of the factors which impact the Nutritional State the most is the people's and families' knowledge of nutritional information. It is because of everything mentioned that this study responds in some part to the need of the rural settlers of Bolivian Altiplano to have knowledge on food and nutrition.
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Thorogood, Camilla Renée. "Food provision challenges facing early childhood development centres in two Cape Town townships." University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8238.
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Magister Philosophiae (Land and Agrarian Studies) - MPhil(LAS)Early childhood has been identified as a critical period for providing nutritional intervention, with nutritional adequacy during the first 1000 days having long term implications for human development. South Africa’s policy environment accordingly aims to support the development of all children through providing services supporting care and nutrition of children so that ‘no one is left behind’. However, the reality is that for the economically marginalised who live in poverty, these services are inaccessible and the whereabouts of many children, especially those under 5, remain unknown to the state. This study looks at township childcare facility as a key intervention point for nutrition provision, documents the obstacles and challenges they face in securing food for the children in their care and describes the strategies they use to combat these challenges. Using a mixed method approach, data were gathered on all ECDs operating in two Cape Town townships – Vrygrond, a semi-formal township, and Sweet Home Farm, a deeply informal settlement – and a typology was developed which represented the differentiation between these informal businesses in terms of a continuum of connectedness and disconnectedness with the regulatory environment.
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Avegliano, Roseane Pagliaro. "Custos de Refeições em Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição: Uma Aplicação para a Divisão de Alimentação COSEAS/ U.S.P, em 1997." Universidade de São Paulo, 1999. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/89/89131/tde-18012006-221620/.
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Os custos em organizações públicas representam o indicador de sua eficiência econômica. Distinguindo-se das empresas particulares, que visam lucros, os serviços públicos com seus objetivos sociais bem definidos, incluindo, no caso das Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição da Divisão de Alimentação COSEAS/USP, a concessão de subsídio, precisam ter seus custos avaliados e acompanhados para instrumentalizar as decisões da Administração Pública, quanto à alocação dos recursos orçamentários. Neste trabalho, pretendeu-se realizar uma análise dos custos das refeições nas seis Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição no ano de 1997, a preços de abril de 1998. Visualizando a produção de refeições dentro do enfoque da função de produção, os custos foram estudados segundo plantas de produção, e ao longo do ano, destacando-se os custos diretos dos custos totais, que incluíram os custos indiretos dos serviços dos setores da Administração e do Serviço de Distribuição. A abordagem dos valores nutritivos das refeições, em relação à energia, macronutrientes, cálcio e ferro, foi realizada na fase de planejamento e produção, com a finalidade de se analisarem os custos do seu insumo básico: os gêneros alimentícios. Como principais resultados têm-se que as refeições produzidas excederam o valor de energia, nutrientes e custo em gêneros alimentícios, dos cardápios planejados, para cada Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição. Os custos diretos, também diferenciados por planta de produção, apontaram a maior planta como a mais eficiente, pela diluição dos custos fixos. Um outro resultado importante refere-se aos subsídios associados às refeições das Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição/USP. Os subsídios por refeição variaram de 33 a 85%, de acordo com a categoria de usuários (não se considerando os bolsistas que desfrutam de 100%). As percentagens de subsídios são ainda superiores, uma vez que neste estudo não foi viável a apropriação de custos de serviços públicos e depreciação de equipamentos.In public organizations, costs are indicators of their economic efficiency. Different from private companies that seek profits, public service institutions-with their clearly defined social purposes and subsidies- need to evaluate and monitor their costs in order to supply the public administration with data for the allocation of budget resources. This work intends to analyse meal costs in six restaurants of the University of São Paulo foodservice department in 1997, based on April 1998 prices. Observing the meal production, the costs were studied in each of the six foodservice facilities during the year. Direct costs were separated from the overall costs in which were included the indirect costs of the departments of Administration and Services. In the stage of meal planning and production, the study of nutritive values of energy, macronutrients, calcium and iron was performed with the intent of analysing the costs of the meal basic component food supplies. As a result, the produced meals surpassed the quantity of energy, nutrients and food costs that had been previously planned in the menus. The direct costs showed that the restaurant that produced the largest number of meals was the most efficient due to the reduction of costs. Another important result is related to the subsidies for the meals. The subsidies per meal ranged from 33 to 85% according to the user categories (students who have 100% subsidies were not considered). The percentage of subsidies is still higher once in this study it was not possible to calculate the costs of the public services, and the depreciation of equipament.
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Sreedhara, Meera. "A Mixed Methods Study of Local Policy, Systems, and Environmental Approaches Supportive of Healthy Eating and Physical Activity." eScholarship@UMMS, 2020. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/1075.
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Background: Policy, systems and environmental (PSE) approaches can sustainably improve opportunities for healthy eating (HE) and active transportation (AT). PSEs require cross-sector collaboration. Adopting and implementing PSEs is complex and not well understood.
Methods: First, using a national probability survey dataset of US local health departments (LHD), inclusion of HE and AT PSE strategies in local community health improvement plans (CHIPs) was examined. Next, a content analysis of current CHIP documents provided data for multilevel latent class analyses to identify classes of CHIPs based on patterns of PSE-strategy alignment with six key activities that facilitate change. Lastly, semi-structured interviews informed a qualitative exploration of early stage Complete Streets policy implementation in Worcester, Massachusetts.
Results: Less than half of US LHDs reported developing a CHIP containing any HE policy (32%) or AT (46%) strategies. Two classes of CHIPs were identified: CHIPs in Class A (HE: 71%; Physical Activity (PA): 79%) simply identified a PSE solution; Class B CHIPs (HE: 29%; PA 21%) mostly included PSE strategies that comprehensively addressed multiple key activities. Six themes emerged as factors for early Complete Streets implementation.
Conclusions: This mixed methods study provides a novel understanding of the status, development and implementation of PSE strategies in relation to collaborative strategic health improvement planning efforts. CHIPs are underutilized to promote PSE strategies and few CHIPs in our study developed strategies that comprehensively address the process of PSE-change. Among other factors, CHIPs may provide a guiding structure for policy adoption and implementation.
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Arasimowicz, Sabrina. "Analysis of the dietary taboos affecting dietary diversity of women of reproductive age in the South and Grand’Anse departments of Haiti." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23651.
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Contexte. La sous-nutrition est un problème de santé publique, surtout pour les femmes et les enfants dans les pays en voie de développement. Des tabous alimentaire pour cette population existent dans plusieurs régions du monde. Ce mémoire décrit la recherche sur les tabous alimentaires et les facteurs qui peuvent influencer la diversité alimentaire des femmes en âge de procréer. Cette recherche fait partie d’un projet d’intervention qui vise à réduire la mortalité maternelle et infantile dans le Sud et la Grand’Anse d’Haïti, un pays où environ la moitié des femmes en âge de procréer sont anémiques et un tier des enfants d’âge préscolaire ont une carence en vitamine A (WHO 2009, ICF 2018). Objectifs. L’objectif de ce projet est d’identifier et comprendre les tabous alimentaires qui existent chez les femmes enceintes et allaitantes dans la région. Un deuxième objectif est d’identifier les déterminants de la diversité alimentaire des femmes en âge de procréer et de déterminer si les femmes enceintes ou allaitantes ont une alimentation moins diversifiée que les femmes qui ne le sont pas. Méthode. Le devis mixte combine la recherche qualitative et quantitative. Les données qualitatives ont été recueillies avec des groupes de discussion. Pour la collecte de données quantitatives, des entretiens ont été menées auprès de mères d’enfants de moins de cinq ans, suivi par un relevé alimentaire de 24 heures. La diversité alimentaire des participantes a été évaluée avec la DAM-F de la FAO. Les déterminants de la diversité alimentaire ont été identifiés avec des analyses de régression logistique. Résultats. Les participantes des groupes de discussion ont identifié plus de 100 tabous alimentaires. La diversité alimentaire a été influencée par la région, ainsi que les caractéristiques du ménage et de la mère. Les femmes allaitantes atteignent moins souvent une diversité alimentaire minimale et consomment moins souvent les aliments des « autres légumes » et « autres fruits », mais ces résultats sont significatifs seulement dans le modèle non ajusté. Conclusion. Les tabous alimentaires pour les femmes enceintes ou allaitantes existent dans le Grand’Anse et le Sud d’Haïti. Il y a une grande variété de croyances entre les communautés et même dans la même commune. Ces restrictions alimentaires peuvent diminuer la consommation de micronutriments comme la vitamine A et le fer dans une population déjà à risque de malnutrition. Des messages clés à inclure dans les activités éducatives du projet vont être formulés à partir des résultats de la recherche.Context. Undernutrition, including micronutrient deficiencies, is a global public health issue, particularly for women and children in developing countries. Dietary taboos in this population have been found to exist in many regions of the world, including in Haiti. This thesis describes research looking at dietary taboos and other factors impacting dietary diversity of Women of Reproductive Age (WRA). It is part of an intervention project aiming to decrease maternal and child mortality in the South and Grand’Anse of Haiti, a country where approximately half of WRA are anemic and one third of preschool-age children are deficient in vitamin A (WHO 2009, ICF 2018). Objectives. The objective of this research is to identify and understand food taboos for pregnant and breastfeeding women in the area, to determine what factors influence dietary diversity of WRA and if pregnant or breastfeeding women consume a diet that is less diverse than that of a woman who is not. Methodology. The research design included both qualitative and quantitative components. Qualitative data regarding food taboos was collected through focus groups. Quantitative data was collected through surveys and 24-hour recalls done with WRA who have a child under the age of five. Dietary diversity of survey participants was assessed using the FAO’s MDD-W and it’s determinants were analyzed through adjusted logistic regression calculations. Results. The focus groups revealed over 100 dietary taboos. Determinants of dietary diversity were related to the region, as well as characteristics of the household and mother. Breastfeeding women were less likely to attain the MDD-W and to consume “other fruits” and “other vegetables” though these findings were only significant in the non-adjusted model. Conclusion. Dietary taboos exist in the Grand’Anse and South areas of Haiti for pregnant and breastfeeding women. These taboos vary largely between communes and even within the same community. The restriction of these foods could negatively impact the dietary intake of many micronutrients, including vitamin A and iron. Key messages to include at educative activities through the intervention project will be formed based on results of this work.
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"Nutritional Sciences Department." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/295778.
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NHUNG, LE THI HONG, and 李氏紅絨. "A study of nutrition knowledge and attitudes of post-operative patients at Proctology Department in Southern Vietnam." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ar8pkj.
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碩士美和科技大學
護理系健康照護碩士班
107
Background: Nutrition plays an important role in restoring health and healing wounds for patients after surgery. Patients who have the right knowledge and appropriate attitudes about nutrition could improve their health and well-developed wounds. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the association between knowledge and attitudes of patients about post-operative nutrition at Proctology Department in Southern Vietnam. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Proctology Department, from March 2019 to April 2019. Purposive sampling was performed from Proctology Department and 210 questionnaires were collected. The tools comprised personal information, Knowledge Scales and Attitudes Scales. The Data was processed by using SPSS version 22.0 for Windows and used descriptive statistics, Independent-Sample t Test, ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation to conduct analysis. Result: The result showed that in the 210 patients participated the study, the average age was 41.4 ± 13.6, men accounted for 53.8%, patients living in the city accounted for 54.8%, patients being Kinh people accounted for high proportion (93.3%); the proportion of patients with high school and university were higher than other groups (29%); BMI of patients with normal level is high (79%), the group of patients who did not detected sick at all and not surgery accounted for high (52.9%, 66.2%). The group of patients with normal diets accounted for 96.2%. The group with not often exercise accounted for 51.9%. The average score of 12 questions on knowledge about post-operative nutrition of patients was 3.38, the average score of 6 questions on attitudes about the importance of post-operative nutrition was 4.00, the average score of 13 questions on attitudes about food taboos for post-operative nutrition was 3.02. There was not the difference between the individual characteristics and the knowledge, attitude of patients about the post-operative nutrition. There was the difference between BMI and education with attitude of patients about the post-operative nutrition (p = 0.02, p = 0.00). There was the correlations between the knowledge and attitudes of patient about the post-operative nutrition (r = 0.33, r = 0.44). Conclusion: Most of patients have been well equipped with knowledge, and attitudes about post-operative nutrition. There are still some patients that need further guidance from medical and nursing staff about some contents regarding post-operative nutrition.
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Wu, Pei-Yi, and 吳佩怡. "The Study of Body Image, Nutrition Knowledge, and Dietary Behavior on The Dance-Department Students of Taiwanese Colleges." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39915922200249980670.
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碩士中國文化大學
舞蹈研究所
95
The rapid economic boom in the last decade has significantly impacted the common dietary behavior while the living standard considerately improved, which often led to unbalanced nutrition intake. Triggered by the modern fashion, college students tend to go on different kinds of diets for slimmer body shape. Abnormal dietary behavior has nowadays turned to be an inevitable serious issue. This applied particularly to students from college dance departments, as they have deeper concern on their body image and pursue perfection for recognition among the instructors or peers. The dietary habit therefore becomes a valued research topic. This study focuses on the dietary behavior of students from college dance departments in the aspects of “body image” and “nutrition knowledge”. This study applies quantitative research method, targets at the students enrolled at college dance department in the school year from Sept. 2005 to June 2006. There were total 860 copies of the questionnaire distributed, out of which 609 effective samples were returned. The questionnaire consists of five sections: Personal Background Survey, Multiple Body-Self Relation Questionnaire, Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire, Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire. Statistical analysis used in the study included descriptive statistical, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s product-moment correlation, and Stepwise regression. The major findings of this study are as follows: 1. Among the subjects, around 70% are registered with national colleges and over 90% are female students. 2. Among the subjects, freshmen and sophomore take up around 30%, close to 75% of them have not chosen the major. 3. Among the subjects, the average of body mass index (BMI) is 19.79. 78.2 percent of them are standard-sized. However, 77.0 percent wish to be above their real heights, while 86.4 percent hope to weight less. 4. Attitudes toward “body images” tend to be positive. The subjects put more emphasis on their outer appearances and will take active action to improve their looks. However, they are less satisfied with their body parts, their weight in particular. 5. The subjects scored 72.5% correctness on nutritional knowledge test. 6. The dietary behavior of the subjects tends slightly towards positive. 7. There was a significant difference respectively between the body images of the subjects and the followings, school, grade, major, BMI. In comparison with subjects from private universities, subjects from public schools have more positive perception about their body image, thoughts and feeling, while freshmen posses more positive attitude than sophomore in the same aspects. Light-weighted students have more positive perception on their body image, thoughts and feelings than those over-weighted. 8. There was a significant difference respectively between the nutrition knowledge of the subjects and the followings, the school and gender. Those from national college students are better than private school students; while female students exceed male students. 9. There was a significant difference respectively between the dietary of the subjects and the followings, gender, BMI. Females’ dietary behaviors appear weaker than male students, while standard-figured and over-weighted students diet worse than those light-weighted. 10. There is low positive relation between body image and nutrition knowledge. 11. The body weight evaluation, health evaluation, BMI, appearance preference and gender of the subjects significantly predict the dietary behavior. The findings and conclusions of this study recommend the subjects to build up correct body image, take nutrition course for a sounder dietary behavior, modify their perception about body weight for an improved diet, and follow the right diet to extend their life in dancing. As to the schools, it is suggested to introduce more general education courses to promote correct body image, to offer health service programs for students wishing to lose body weight and to initiate more courses on nutrition and dietary for the subjects.
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Lan, Yu-Jan, and 藍郁然. "The Study of Nutrition Knowledge and Dietary Behavior of the Department of Food and Beverage Management Students in Tainan Vocational Schools." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33502915814271880983.
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碩士台南應用科技大學
生活應用科學研究所
99
Nutrition is one of the most important issues for most people. As the living standard has been promoted, both healthy dietary and dietary safety are much emphasized. Vocational high school students of Food and Beverage Department are trained for the position in the restaurant industry. It is important to understand how these students, the future human resource in the hospitality industry, learn for their professional knowledge about nutrition and what their dietary behaviors are. However, little is known about the nutrition knowledge gained by the vocational high school students of food and beverage department and the students’ dietary behaviors. This study is designed to investigate the correlations between vocational high school students’ knowledge about nutrition and their dietary behaviors. Of the 740 questionnaires distributed, 714 (95.94%) were returned as the sample. Frequency distributions, percentage, average, standard deviation (SD), t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson’s product moment correlation were used as the methods for analysis. The results show that 1.) the average score of the nutrition knowledge was 61.31, which indicated that vocational high school students’ nutrition knowledge attainment was medium level. The average for their dietary behaviors was 49.23, which suggested that their dietary behaviors tended to be positively average. 2.) there were the significant difference between the nutrition knowledge and gender, parental vocation, diet information and the professional courses they had taken 3.) there were significant difference between their dietary behaviors and the gender and fathers’ vocations. 4.) there exists the significant correlation between the nutrition knowledge and dietary behaviors (r=.149, p<.005). The result of this study suggested that the nutrition knowledge need to be enhanced for the vocational high school students to improve their dietary behaviors. The present results have implications for those designing the curriculum for food and beverage department students and to emphasize and to cultivate their positive and healthy dietary behaviors.
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chao, Wan yu, and 趙琬瑜. "A Study on Nutrition Knowledge, Attitudes and DietaryBehavior of the Department of Food and Beverage Management Students in Taipei Vocational Schools." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60253270364213588104.
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碩士輔仁大學
餐旅管理學系碩士班
97
Sampling the students of the department of food and beverage in vocational high schools, this research is to explore the students’ knowledge of and attitude towards nutrition as well as their dietary behavior. The sample is the students of the department of food and beverage in Taipei. Totally 1080 copies, among which 943 copies are effective, of the questionnaire are handed out. The rate of effective return is 87.31%. The research shows that: I. In the scale of “Knowledge of Nutrition”, the factors such as “female”, and “second year” cause significantly higher scores. If the students’ information about food and beverage comes from the school lessons, teachers, television/radio programmes, internet, and books and magazines, their score will be significantly higher. Students who have taken the lessons on “western cooking” and “food & beverage safety and sanitation” get significantly higher score. II. In the scale of “attitude towards nutrition”, the factors such as female , second year , and actually being slightly overweight cause significantly higher score. If the students’ information about food and beverage comes from school lessons, teachers, family members, relatives, classmates or friends, television/radio programmes, internet, and books and magazines, their scaling will be significantly positive. III. In the scale of dietary behavior , the score does not vary according to the students’ background. If the students’ information about diet comes from the promotion of the health centre, their dietary behavior” will be more proper. However, on the other hand, if the students’ information about diet comes from television/radio programmes, their dietary behavior will be more improper. IV. After analying with “Pearson product－moment correlation coefficient, this research obtains the preliminary relationship between knowledge, attitude, and dietary behavior. The analysis shows that positive correlation exists significantly between “knowledge” and “attitude” and also between “attitude” and “dietary behavior”. Moreover, after analysing with “multiple regression analysis”, the research finds out that “knowledge” can influence “attitude” but has no influence on “dietary behavior”. However, “attitude” can influence “dietary behavior”.
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Hsu, Hui-Min, and 許慧敏. "A Case Study on Related Factors of Anemia- Prevention Nutrition Knowledge and Dietary Behavior for Cosmetology Department Students of Vocational High School in New Taipei City." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52282692277188184397.
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碩士中國文化大學
生活應用科學系碩士在職專班
101
This study had investigated affecting factors for anemia-prevention nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior for students with or without anemia of vocational high school. We also tested the differences of anemia-prevention nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior among subpopulations of these students with different individual background. The correlation between anemia-prevention nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior was also examined. The subjects were recruited by purposive sampling from a cosmetology department of vocational high school in New Taipei City. We selected 50 students with anemia (anemia group) and 50 normal students (non-anemia group) for this study according to the results of freshmen health inspection. A self-administered questionnaire which included individual background factors, anemia-prevention nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior was used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed, including: 1. frequency distribution, 2. percentage analysis, 3. Reliability analysis, 4. validity analyses, 5. t-test, 6. one-way ANOVA, 7. Scheffe’s post hoc test, and 8. Pearson’s correlation test. The following is a list of findings of this study. 1. With regard to individual background variables, there were higher percentages of anemia students in ‘female’, ‘overweight or underweight’, ‘daily pocket money less than 150 New Taiwan dollars’, ‘mother’s academic level is (vocational) high school’, ‘mother’s academic level is university/college’ anemia subgroups. Furthermore, the proportion of anemia was high in the subgroup with longer than 7 days menstrual cramps duration. 2. There were about one third of anemia-group students with negative awareness of anemia. 3. There were significant differences in anemia-prevention dietary behavior of anemia group in relation to daily pocket money, exercise frequency, family history of anemia. 4. The score of nutrition knowledge of 18-year-old anemia subgroup was significantly higher than that of 16-year-old anemia subgroup. This finding indicates that vocational health education can improve anemia-prevention nutrition knowledge of students with anemia. Nutrition knowledge score of anemia students with positive anemia awareness was higher than that of anemia students with negative anemia awareness significantly. However, there was no significant difference between positive anemia and negative anemia awareness groups in non-anemia group. 5. The average scores of anemia-prevention nutrition knowledge for anemia group and non-anemia group were 0.42 ± 0.48 and 0.45 ± 0.49, respectively. There was no significant difference between anemia and non-anemia group. These results suggest that educational authority should strengthen anemia-prevention nutrition knowledge of vocational high school students. 6. The average scores of anemia-prevention dietary behavior for anemia group and non-anemia group were 2.81 ± 0.97 and 2.93 ± 0.96, respectively. There was no significant difference between anemia and non-anemia group. 7. There was no significant correlation between anemia-prevention nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior. 8. The average scores of common and professional courses, including English, Mandarin, mathematics, facial beauty, skin care courses for anemia group students were significantly lower than non-anemia group. However, there was no difference between anemia and non-anemia groups in average score of gym lessons,. This study suggests that freshmen health inspection results should inform students and their parents. Teachers have to make sure that students with anemia receive follow-up medical care to improve health of students. Teachers of vocational high schools and high schools are advised to incorporate issues such as anemia related nutrition knowledge into their teaching materials so as to fortify students with good anemia-prevention nutrition knowledge. Vocational high schools and high schools are also recommended to conduct anemia-prevention diet workshop for students to prepare meal for themselves and to reduce the morbidity of anemia.
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"The effect of price and availability of healthy food alternatives on student choices during school lunch a thesis presented to the Department of Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance in candidacy for the degree of Master of Science /." Diss., Maryville, Mo. : Northwest Missouri State University, 2009. http://www.nwmissouri.edu/library/theses/TuggleMolly/index.htm.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Northwest Missouri State University, 2009.The full text of the thesis is included in the pdf file. Title from title screen of full text.pdf file (viewed on July 17, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
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Maxey, Hannah L. "Understanding the Influence of State Policy Environment on Dental Service Availability, Access, and Oral Health in America's Underserved Communities." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5993.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Oral health is crucial to overall health and a focus of the U.S. Health Center program, which provides preventive dental services in medically underserved communities. Dental hygiene is an oral health profession whose practice is focused on dental disease prevention and oral health promotion. Variations in the practice and regulation of dental hygiene has been demonstrated to influence access to dental care at a state level; restrictive policies are associated lower rates of access to care. Understanding whether and to what extent policy variations affect availability and access to dental care and the oral health of medically underserved communities served by grantees of the U.S. Health Center program is the focus of this study. This longitudinal study examines dental service utilization at 1,135 health center grantees that received community health center funding from 2004 to 2011. The Dental Hygiene Professional Practice Index (DHPPI) was used as an indicator of the state policy environment. The influence of grantee and state level characteristics are also considered. Mixed effects models were used to account for correlations introduced by the multiple hierarchical structure of the data. Key findings of this study demonstrate that state policy environment is a predictor of the availability and access to dental care and the oral health status of medically underserved communities that received care at a grantee of the U.S. Health Center program. Grantees located in states with highly restrictive policy environments were 73% less likely to deliver dental services and, those that do, provided care to 7% fewer patients than those grantees located in states with the most supportive policy environments. Population’s served by grantees from the most restrictive states received less preventive care and had greater restorative and emergency dental care needs. State policy environment is a predictor of availability and access to dental care and the oral health status of medically underserved communities. This study has important implications for policy at the federal, state, and local levels. Findings demonstrate the need for policy and advocacy efforts at all levels, especially within states with restrictive policy environments.