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Radabaugh, Jessica Nan Clarke. "Cooking Matters® for Diabetes: Practical Application of Diabetes Self-Management Education." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1586902384417885.
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Pinto, Ezequiel. "Glycaemic control : the role of nutritional intake, postprandial glycaemia, nutrition therapy adherence, and diabetes complications." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9252.
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This thesis analysed the associations between several clinical and psychometric variables that can determine glycaemic control: nutritional intake, barriers to nutrition therapy adherence, postprandial glycaemia, and diabetes complications perception. A group of 66 patients previously diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus was recruited and categorized into patients with HbA1c below 7% (proper glycaemic control) and patients with HbA1c of 7% or above (poor glycaemic control). All subjects were interviewed and offered a nutritionally controlled breakfast. The glucose response to the experimental breakfast was monitored for 120 minutes after the meal, in order to record postprandial glycaemia levels The results show that subjects with adequate glycaemic control have a better compliance of nutrition recommendations, but all patients have excess intakes of energy, total cholesterol, saturated fatty acids, and sugars. There are no significant differences in postprandial glycaemia between patients with adequate glycaemic control and those with poor glycaemic control, which may imply that some subjects are unaware that they exceed the recommended rise in postprandial glucose, and thus may be at a higher than expected risk for macro and microvascular events. As self-monitoring is the only practical way to detect postprandial hyperglycaemia, efforts should be made to promote regular glucose self-monitoring. Patients with poor glycaemic control have a more biased opinion of their likelihood of personal disease risk. Additionally, exposures such as medical tests, air pollution, pesticides, or household chemicals, are considered as likely to cause health problems as several known and common diabetes complications, like high blood pressure or cardiovascular disease. Younger age, high body mass index, and biased personal disease risk perceptions are important predictors of glycaemic control and should be addressed by education interventions. Health professionals need to consider specific patient characteristics in order to provide proper continued medical care, and nutrition education should be tailored to the perceptions of patients and should positively discriminate subjects above or below the internationally proposed HbA1c cut-points for glycaemic control.
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Dow, Courtney. "Dietary Factors, Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS380/document.
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Contexte : Le diabète de type 2 (DT2) constitue une pathologie majeure, au lourd fardeau, associ ée à de nombreuses complications, comme la rétinopathie diabétique (RD). Des facteurs modifiables, comme l’alimentation, ont déjà été identifiés pour le DT2 et la RD mais certains aspects de leurs rôles restent à préciser. Objectifs : Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient d’examiner le rôle de l’alimentation, en particulier la consommation d’acides gras (AGs), et des autres facteurs modifiables liés au mode de vie sur le risque de DT2 et de synthétiser, interpréter et analyser la relation entre l’alimentation et la RD. Résultats : Les résultats suggèrent que le rôle des AGs sur le risque de DT2 et de la RD pourrait être différent selon leur type, et même varier au sein d’un groupe comme les AG polyinsaturés (AGPI). Les résultats suggèrent aussi qu’une forte adhésion aux recommandations alimentaires n’est pas associée avec le développement d’un DT2, mais en revanche une forte adhérence aux autres recommandations de santé (concernant le tour de taille, l’activité physique et le statut tabagique) est fortement associée avec un moindre risque de DT2. On a montré qu’avoir un mode de vie sain aurait pu empêcher la survenue de plus de la moitié des cas de DT2. Conclusions : Cette thèse a permis de préciser l’importance et la complexité du rôle de l’alimentation dans le développement du DT2 et de la RD. Elle montre aussi l’impact des comportements sains dans la pathologie de DT2 et confirme que le DT2 est en grande partie, une maladie évitable. Les efforts devraient se focaliser sur la modification des comportements de santé à la fois dans la population générale et atteinte de DT2 et notamment encourager une alimentation modérée et variéeBackground : Type 2 diabetes (T2D) presents a significant health burden that is associated with many complications, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), that further burden people with diabetes. Modifiable risk factors, such as the diet, have been identified for both T2D and DR; yet certain aspects of the role of the diet remain unclear. Objectives : The main objectives of this thesis were therefore to examine the role and impact of the diet, and in particular, the consumption of fatty acids (FAs), and other modifiable behaviours on the risk of T2D and to summarize, interpret and analyze the relationship between the diet and DR using data from both the E3N and AusDiab cohort studies. Results : The results suggest that the role of FAs on the risk of T2D and DR may differ between and within subgroups, and by individual polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The findings also suggest that strongly adhering to national dietary guidelines is not associated with the development of T2D, but strongly adhering to other recommendations for healthy behaviours (for waist circumference, physical activity and smoking) is strongly inversely associated with T2D. Modifiable behaviour could have prevented more than half of the cases of T2D. Conclusions : This work underlines the importance and the complexity of the role of the diet in the development of T2D and DR. It also illustrates the impact of healthy behaviour in the etiology of T2D and confirms that T2D is largely preventable. Efforts should focus on the modification of multiple healthy behaviours in populations, and promote diets that are moderate and widely varied
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Li, Sherly (Xueyi). "The interplay between genes and dietary factors in the aetiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/275094.
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To help mitigate the escalating prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and alleviate society of its associated morbidity and economic burden on health care, it is crucial to understand its aetiology. Both genetic and the environmental risk factors are known to be involved. Healthy diets have been proven to reduce the risk of T2D in primary prevention trials, however, which components and exact mechanisms are involved is not fully understood, in particular, the role of macronutrient intake. Body weight, glycaemic markers and T2D are all to some extent genetically regulated. There may also be genetic influences on how people digest, absorb or metabolise macronutrients. This poses the possibility that the interplay between genes and our diet may help us unravel T2D’s aetiology. The aim of this PhD was to investigate gene-diet interactions on the risk of incident T2D, focusing primarily on macronutrient intake as the dietary factor. First, I systematically evaluated the current evidence before taking a step-wise approach (hypothesis driven to hypothesis-free) to interrogate gene-macronutrient interactions. This identified 13 publications, with 8 unique interactions reported between macronutrients (carbohydrate, fat, saturated fat, dietary fibre, and glycaemic load derived from self-report of dietary intake and circulating n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) and genetic variants in or near TCF7L2, GIPR, CAV2 and PEPD (p < 0.05) on T2D. All studies were observational with moderate to serious risk of bias and limitations that included lack of adequate adjustment for confounders, lack of reported replication and insufficient correction for multiple testing. Second, these reported interactions did not replicate in a large European multi-centre prospective T2D case-cohort study called EPIC-InterAct. We concluded that the heterogeneity between our results and those published could be explained by methodological differences in dietary measurement, population under study, study design and analysis but also by the possibility of spurious interactions. Third, given the paucity of gene-macronutrient interaction research using genetic risk scores (GRS), we examined the interaction between three GRS (for BMI (97 SNPs), insulin resistance (53 SNPs) and T2D (48 SNPs)) and macronutrient intake (quantity and quality indicators) in EPIC-InterAct. We did not identify any statistically significant interactions that passed multiple testing corrections (p≥0.20, with a p value threshold for rejecting the null hypothesis of 0.0015 (based on 0.05/33 tests)). We also examined 15 foods and beverages identified as being associated with T2D, and no significant interactions were detected. Lastly, we applied a hypothesis-free method to examine gene-macronutrient interactions and T2D risk by using a genome-environment-wide-interaction-study. Preliminary findings showed no significant interactions for total carbohydrate, protein, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat and cereal fibre intake on T2D. In conclusion, the consistently null findings in this thesis using a range of statistical approaches to examine interactions between genetic variants and macronutrient intake on the risk of developing T2D have two key implications. One, based on the specific interactions examined, this research does not confirm evidence for gene-diet interactions in the aetiology of T2D and two, this research suggests that the association between macronutrient intake and the risk of developing T2D does not differ by genotype.
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Edwards, Kate G. "Depression in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Individuals: Physical Activity, Nutrition, and Diet." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33146/.
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About 8.3% of individuals diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM) are diagnosed with comorbid depression, a higher rate than the general adult population. This project examined the differences of depression symptoms experienced between diabetic and matched non-diabetic individuals and the relationship of daily activity and nutrition behaviors with depression between these groups. The 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was utilized to assess: depression symptoms, diabetic glycemic control as measured by glycoginated hemoglobin (HbA1c), amount of physical activity, percentage of macronutrients, daily frequencies of foods consumed, and the use of nutritional food labels to make food choices. A sample of diabetic (n = 451) and non-diabetic individuals (n = 451) were matched to on age, gender, ethnicity, and education. The diabetic individuals experienced greater depression on both continuous and ordinal diagnostic variables. Counter to expectation, there was no relationship observed between depression and HbA1c in diabetic individuals, r = .04, p > .05.
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Katzenellenbogen, Leanne. "Assessment of the perceived impact of diabetes on quality of life in a group of South African diabetic patients." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2868.
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Thesis (MNutr (Interdisciplinary Health Sciences. Human Nutrition))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.OBJECTIVES: To determine perceived Quality of Life (QOL) of the diabetic patient and to assess whether QOL is associated with diabetes-related markers. DESIGN: This was a descriptive cross sectional study. SETTING: A multiethnic group of type 1 and 2 diabetic patients (n= 68) attending a diabetic clinic in Alberton, South Africa, were evaluated. SUBJECTS OUTCOME MEASURES: QOL was assessed by means of the Audit of Diabetes-Dependant Quality of Life (ADDQoL) questionnaire. Glycaemic control, duration of Diabetes Mellitus (DM), type of DM, diabetic complications, level of education and nutritional status were evaluated. RESULTS: Ninety eight percent of diabetic patients perceived their DM to impact negatively on their QOL (p=0.03). QOL and glycaemic control were significantly (p=0.03) related. QOL and the duration (p=0.80) or type (p=0.77) of DM were not significantly related. QOL ratings were lower in participants who had hypertension and hyperlipidaemia, whereas this trend was not present in those with microvascular complications. There was a trend towards a negative relationship between QOL and weight (p=0.10), BMI (p=0.10) and WC (p=0.41). All 13 individual life domains were significantly related (p < 0.05) to QOL for the group as a whole. Rankings of individual life domains differed between type 1 and type 2 diabetics (p<0.05) as well as between black and white subjects (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results show that DM impacts on various aspects of QOL and that various population sub-groups perceive their DM to impact differently on their QOL. QOL assessments should therefore form part of DM management and should be culturally sensitive.
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Sun, Yixing. "The Association of Food Security Status with Diabetes in American Adolescents." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306864632.
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Rowsell, Paul. "Oral tolerance and immune mechanisms in food-induced diabetes." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9599.
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Diet controls $\sim$80% of type-I (insulin-dependent) diabetes in the diabetes-prone BioBreeding (BBdp) rat. This study was designed to define the relationship among diet, the gut immune system and the pancreas. BB rats were fed either a diabetogenic NIH-07 (NIH) diet or the diabetes protective, hydrolysed casein (HC) diet. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), ovalbumin (OVA), sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and NIH were given by gavage daily for 5 days. Both BBdp and the diabetes resistant BBc rat when fed NIH became unresponsive in antibody production to NIH antigens. None of the other oral antigen treatments induced tolerance. In delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions, footpad injection of NIH resulted in lower DTH reactions and less increase in popliteal lymph node weight when animals were fed NIH than HC. We conclude that oral tolerance, both cell-mediated and humoral, to diabetogenic antigens is inducible in both strains of BB rats. This required daily feeding unlike in other rat strains. The depressed DTH reaction in the animals fed NIH indicates no link between the systemic Th1 DTH reaction to NIH and the Th1 food-induced diabetogenesis. Neonatal intrathymic injection of autoclaved NIH did not affect diabetes incidence, suggesting systemic exposure to these food antigens was not protective. Feeding neonatal BBdp rats a diabetogenic diet between 4 and 7d of age significantly delayed diabetes and reduced incidence. This effect was seen with the NIH diet and its diabetogenic component, wheat gluten. We conclude that early exposure to food diabetogens is protective against food-induced diabetes, indicating a crucial link between the local gut immune system and autoimmunity against pancreatic $\beta$ cells.
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Reese, Sandra J. "Increasing diabetes awareness in adolescents through educational programs." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2003. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0328103-161433/unrestricted/ResseS042103b.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--East Tennessee State University, 2003.Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-0328103-161433. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
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Elhisadi, Tawfeg A. A. "Nutrition, lifestyle and diabetes-risk of school children in Derna, Libya." Giessen VVB Laufersweiler, 2009. http://geb.uni-giessen.de/geb/volltexte/2010/7363/index.html.
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Sefidbakht, Saghar. "Dietary and lifestyle factors of diabetes in Inuit of Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95221.
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Introduction: Among Inuit, rates of diabetes are currently increasing. Objectives: To investigate the lifestyle factors associated with newly identified glucose intolerance (GI) among Inuit. Methods: A cross-sectional study of a subsample of 813 adults with a 2-hr oral glucose tolerance test who participated in the International Polar Year Inuit Health Survey (2007-2008). Those with pre-existing diabetes were excluded. Individual and dietary questionnaires and anthropometric measurements were also collected. Results: GI was associated with older age and a higher body mass index, %body fat, and waist circumference. Percent Energy protein and % Energy high-sugar drinks were positively associated with GI. Adjusting for those two aforementioned nutrients, %E traditional food was significantly protective (P<0.05). Fiber (g/d) was inversely and cholesterol (mg/d) was positively associated with risk for GI with a borderline significance (P< 0.10). Conclusion: These findings emphasize the need for dietary and lifestyle changes to prevent high rates of GI among Inuit.Introduction: Chez les Inuit, le taux de diabète courament à la hausse. Objectifs: Etudier les facteurs associés au style de vie, chez les Inuit nouvellement diagnostiqués avec l'intolérance au glucose (IG). Méthodes: Une étude transversale d'un sous-échantillon utilisant un test de glucose oral de tolerance de 2-h sur 813 adultes ayant participé à l International Polar Year Inuit Health Survey (2007-2008). Ceux qui ayant un diabète préexistant ont été exclus. Des questionnaires individuels et alimentaires et des mesures anthropométriques ont également été recueillis chez chacun des participants. Résultats: L'IG a été positivement associée à l'âge, l'indice de masse corporelle, le pourcentage de masse adipeuse, le tour de taille, le pourcentage d'énergie provenant des proteines et de l'énergie provenant des boissons sucrées. Après ajustement pour ces deux types d à liment, la nourriture traditionnelle offer une protection significative contre l' IG de (P <0.05). La consomation de fibres (g/j) est inversement associée et le cholestérol (mg /j) positivement associé au risque d' IG, avec une signification limitée (P <0.10). Conclusion: Ces résultats soulignent le besoin de changements nutritionels et de mode de vie pour prévenir les taux élevés d' IG chez les Inuit.
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Thompson, Katherine Hirsch. "Effect of dietary manganese and vitamin E deficiencies on tissue antioxidant status in STZ-diabetic rats." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32171.
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Interactions between manganese (Mn) deficiency and streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetes with respect to tissue antioxidant status were investigated in male, Sprague-Dawley rats. All rats were fed either a Mn-deficient (1 ppm) or a Mn-sufficient (45 ppm) diet for 8 weeks. Diabetes was then induced by tail-vein injection of STZ (60 mg/kg body weight), after which the rats were kept for an additional 4 to 8 weeks. The control groups comprised rats not injected with STZ, which were either Mn-deficient or Mn-sufficient.
The Mn-deficient diet decreased the activities of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in kidney and heart, and of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) in kidney, in non-diabetic animals. In the diabetic rats, the Mn-deficient diet induced more pronounced decreases in activities of these same enzymes, and also increased liver MnSOD activity. Pancreas weights were significantly lower in Mn-deficient, compared to Mn-sufficient rats. Also, Mn-deficient, diabetic rats were significantly more hyperglycemic in response to a glucose load than Mn-sufficient, suggesting that they may have been more severely diabetic.
Surprisingly, plasma and hepatic vitamin E levels increased progressively with the duration of diabetes. Lipid peroxidation, as measured by H₂O₂ -induced production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in erythrocytes, plasma
lipoperoxides, and renal adipose tissue fluorescence, also increased concomitant with decreased liver and kidney glutathione levels.
The effect of vitamin E-deficiency on Mn-deficient, diabetic rats was also investigated. Predictably, vitamin E-deficient rats were almost entirely depleted of plasma and liver vitamin E after 12 weeks on the deficient diets (4 weeks after STZ treatment). Consistent with this, tissue lipid peroxides were elevated compared to vitamin E-sufficient rats. Superimposing vitamin E-deficiency on manganese deficiency failed to add any further deficits in tissue antioxidant status. Higher glycosylated hemoglobin levels were observed in vitamin E-deficient, compared to vitamin E-sufficient, diabetic rats.
These findings demonstrate for the first time an interactive effect between manganese deficiency and STZ-diabetes resulting in amplification of tissue antioxidant changes seen with either manganese deficiency or STZ-diabetes alone. This effect of cofactor deprivation in experimental diabetes raises the question of adequacy of the nominally Mn-sufficient diet in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
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Lo, Che Sam, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Relationship of nutritional and metabolic factors to non-invasive, indices of macrovascular disease in diabetes." Deakin University. School of Sciences, 1986. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051208.122550.
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Factors which may account for the high frequency of macrovascular disease in diabetics are age, sex, cigarette smoking, hypertension, obesity, lack of exercise, diet, hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaeroia, hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, low HDL-cholesterol concentration, elevated free fatty acid concentration and enhanced platelet aggregation. Twenty seven (13 men and 14 women) non-insulin-dependent diabetics and thirty eight age, height and weight matched healthy subjects (10 men and 28 women) were studied. None of the subjects were smokers, or hypertensive. No subject had any clinical evidence of peripheral arterial disease, coronary heart disease or cerebrovascular disease. All had apparently normal peripheral pulses and normal ankle/arm blood pressure indices. Methods for determining arterial compliance in the segment between the left subclavian artery and each common femoral artery, and proximal resistance at the common femoral artery and posterior tibial artery, have been reviewed and developed. An appropriate food intake methodology for deriving food indices from food records was developed. Biochemical determinants have been made of glucose tolerance, glycosylated haemoglobin, serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, plasma free fatty acid and insulin. A significant decrease in the arterial compliance, and a significant increase in the arterial proximal resistance at the common femoral artery and posterior tibial artery in non-insulin-dependent diabetics, compared with their healthy controls, have been found. Significant negative correlation between arterial compliance and proximal resistance and, a significant positive correlation between the arterial proximal resistance of common femoral artery and posterior tibial artery were found. Differences between control (healthy subjects) and non-insulin-dependent diabetic groups indicate that preclinical peripheral arterial disease can be recognised even in mild diabetics by non-invasive measurement of arterial compliance or proximal resistance. There were significant and negative correlations between arterial compliance and each of blood glucose, blood glycosylated haemoglobin (HbAlC), plasma free fatty acid and plasma insulin concentration. There were significant and positive correlations between arterial proximal resistance of common femoral artery and posterior tibial artery and each of blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and plasma free fatty acid concentration. Multivariate analysis to examine each of the biochemical factors Including blood glucose, blood glycosylated haemoglobin (HbAlC), plasma free fatty acid, plasma Insulin and lipids, showed that the factor which most influenced the arterial compliance and the proximal resistance of posterior tibial artery was the glucose level in the fasting state or the glucose response after a glucose load. In addition, the factors which most influenced proximal resistance of the common femoral artery were free fatty acid -level in the fasting state or glucose response after a glucose load. The factors which most influenced arterial compliance were glucose level in men, and the insulin level in the fasting state or the plasma free fatty acid response after a glucose load in women. These findings indicate that blood glucose, plasma free fatty acid and plasma insulin are risk factors for changes in arterial wall characteristic at a stage when no clinical evidence of macrovascular disease is apparent. Arterial compliance was decreased and the proximal resistance of posterior tibial artery was increased in those with a low intake of protective foods compared with those with a high intake whether healthy subjects or non-insulin-dependent diabetics. Arterial compliance was decreased in non-fish eaters compared with the fish eaters whether healthy subjects or non-insulin-dependent diabetics. Proximal resistance of the posterior tibia! artery in non-fish eaters was increased compared with fish eaters in healthy subjects. Overall, food variety, a protective food score consumption and fish consumption emerge as importance determinants of arterial wall characteristics at a stage when no clinical evidence of macrovascular disease is apparent.
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Brynes, Audrey. "Dietary intake, glucagon like peptide-1 and insulin sensitivity." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326161.
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Norvaisis, Emily. "A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of a vegetarian diet in the treatment and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1288377444.
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Molnar, Joseph Andrew, Mary Jane Underdown, and W. Andrew Clark. "Nutrition and Chronic Wounds." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2496.
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Significance: Nutrition is one of the most basic of medical issues and is often ignored as a problem in the management of our chronic wound patients. Unfortunately, malnutrition is widespread in our geriatric patients even in nursing homes in developed countries. Attention to basic nutrition and providing appropriate supplements may assist in the healing of our chronic wounds.
Recent Advances: Recent research has revealed the epidemiology of malnutrition in developed countries, the similarities to malnutrition in developing countries, and some of the physiologic and sociologic causes for this problem. More information is now available on the biochemical effects of nutrient deficiency and supplementation with macronutrients and micronutrients. In some cases, administration of isolated nutrients beyond recommended amounts for healthy individuals may have a pharmacologic effect to help wounds heal.
Critical Issues: Much of the knowledge of the nutritional support of chronic wounds is based on information that has been obtained from trauma management. Due to the demographic differences of the patients and differences in the physiology of acute and chronic wounds, it is not logical to assume that all aspects of nutritional support are identical in these patient groups. Before providing specific nutritional supplements, appropriate assessments of patient general nutritional status and the reasons for malnutrition must be obtained or specific nutrient supplementation will not be utilized.
Future Directions: Future research must concentrate on the biochemical and physiologic differences of the acute and chronic wounds and the interaction with specific supplements, such as antioxidants, vitamin A, and vitamin D.
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Silva, Maria Leonor. "Beneficial effects of Cinnamomum burmannii in the treatment of diabetes mellitus." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2015. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/16663/.
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The study investigated the effects of cinnamon in the treatment of DM employing both animal and human studies. Chemical characterization of antioxidant capacity of aqueous cinnamon extract (ACE) was employed in this study. In animal studies, young male Wistar rats were divided into, 6 groups namely, 3 normal groups: normal untreated (n=6), normal treated 75 mg/Kg cinnamon (n=6) and normal treated 150 mg/Kg (n=5); and 3 diabetic groups: diabetic untreated (n=5), diabetic treated 75 mg/Kg cinnamon (n=6) and diabetic treated 150 mg/Kg (n=5). Treated groups received ACE during 11 weeks orally. In human study, a total of 30 non-diabetic subjects were selected and allocated in 2 groups namely oral glucose tolerance test (n=15) and OGTT followed by cinnamon tea administration (n=15) (6 g cinnamon/100 ml). SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Data from antioxidant characterization of ACE show a high concentration of total phenols and a strong antioxidant capacity of cinnamon. The major phenolic compounds identified were cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, coumarin and cinnamyl alcohol. The results from animal study show that cinnamon treatment significantly (p < 0,05) decreased food consumption in diabetic rats, but significantly increased the body weight with higher dose in diabetic rats. Glycaemia was also decreased (p < 0.05) at week 3. In the heart, ACE with both doses had significant effect (p < 0.05) in normal and diabetic rats, namely, increases in Mg2+, K+, Ca2+ and Fe2+ levels. In the liver, kidneyand pancreas, cinnamon treatment seemed to have no significant effect on most of cations analysed. Cinnamon administration can decrease insulin secretion in normal rats and increased the hormone in diabetic rats in a marked dose-dependent manner. The distribution of left ventricle heart fibrosis slightly decreased with cinnamon treatment, especially with high dose in diabetic rats. Concerning to the distribution of pancreatic beta and alpha cells, the results show that cinnamon seems to improve the number of insulin and glucagon positive cells in diabetic rats. The human study data in non-diabetic subjects revealed that postprandial BGL were lower with cinnamon tea administration. Moreover, cinnamon administration showed an improvement of BGL area under the curve following OGTT. It also leads to both a significant (p < 0.05) decrease of the maximum concentration and a variation of maximum concentration of BGL in the blood. In conclusion, the data from animal studies revealed some beneficial effects of cinnamon treatment in diabetic rats through improvement in body weight, food consumption and glycaemia. The results also suggest a possible positive influence of cinnamon on heart fibrosis prevention and on insulin secretion in diabetic animal. Moreover, cinnamon tea ingestion seemed to exert a beneficial hypoglycaemic effect in non-diabetic subjects during postprandial period. The high phenolic compounds content and anti-oxidant capacity may contribute to these health benefits.
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Murray, Brittany Michelle. "The Role and Impact of Cooperative Extension in Diabetes Self-Management Education." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/foodsci_etds/32.
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Diabetes is increasing globally and nationally. Diabetes complications and costs can be reduced through modification of lifestyle risks and diabetes self-management education (DSME). The Cooperative Extension System (CES) is uniquely positioned to implement DSME. This study assessed the role and impact of the Cooperative Extension System (CES) in DSME. A survey was sent to CES professionals throughout the U.S. a total of 43 participants provided information on 73 DSME programs. Most participants were from the South (n=22, 51.16%) and Midwest (n=12, 27.91%) and most programs targeted adults with and at risk for type 2 diabetes. Most programs were developed and taught by registered dietitians and family and consumer science agents and were focused on healthy eating and cooking techniques. Few programs addressed medications, mental and physical health, influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations. Implementation challenges were related to recruitment, attrition, and funding and most suggestions for the future of CES in DSME were related to funding. CES has a wide reach in terms of DSME with over 29 states. Future CES efforts should target children with type 2 diabetes and should form/continue partnerships with health care professionals.
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Alsaif, Mohammed A. "Diabetes and obesity in adult Saudi population." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289724.
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In this series of studies, three issues were addressed. First, the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes (high fasting blood glucose with no prior diagnosis of diabetes) and how different they are from the diagnosed diabetes in risk factors. Second, the prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity were described in the general population. Finally, an evaluation of the relationship between obesity and type 2 diabetes were made in Saudi adult men and women. Our study population came from a national cross sectional survey which included 3271 males and females, age 30-70 years old. All participants completed a specifically designed questionnaire, and a comprehensive physical examination which included blood pressure and anthropometric measurements. Fasting serum samples were analyzed for glucose and blood lipids. A number of compelling findings have resulted from this research. First, the prevalence of diabetes is high with 30% of men and 25% of women diabetics. Undiagnosed diabetes presents a substantial problem; they constitute 41% of the total diabetic population and 11% of the total population. Undiagnosed diabetics are however, similar to diagnosed diabetes with uncontrolled fasting blood glucose level and many of the associated risk factors. Second, the prevalence of obesity is also high with 49.15% in women and 29.94% in men identified as obese and an additional 31.55% of females and 41.91% of males identified as overweight. Third, in this study population, 12% are obese diabetics and in the diabetic population 43% are obese diabetics. Diabetes appears to have a harmful effect on blood lipids, which seem to worsen when diabetes is combined with obesity. Based on these findings, obesity and diabetes appear to have created very serious complications and prevalent health problems in adult Saudi population between the age of 30-70 years old. Because about half of the population are under 18 years old, there is a very good chance for the government to successfully implement education and health programs to prevent and control these two conditions from becoming an epidemic in future generations.
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Cespedes, Elizabeth M. "Sleep Duration, Diet Quality and Type 2 Diabetes." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:16121138.
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Type 2 diabetes has reached epidemic proportions globally, and accumulating evidence suggests extremes of sleep duration increase risk. Diet may be an important mechanism, yet few studies examine prospective relationships of sleep duration and diet quality or whether diet explains associations of sleep duration with childhood obesity or diabetes in adults. In Chapter One, we report a moderate correlation between self-reported sleep duration and actigraphy in Sueño, the sleep ancillary study to the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Chapter Two identifies associations of chronic insufficient sleep duration since infancy with lower diet quality in mid-childhood in Project Viva: children with the least favorable diet and sleep have the highest body mass index z-scores in mid-childhood, but diet does not explain associations with adiposity. In Chapter Three, adherence to healthful dietary patterns reduces risk of diabetes in the Women’s Health Initiative; high quality diets are protective in all groups, but race/ethnicity modifies associations. In Chapter Four, we find that changes in sleep duration, increases in particular , are associated with diabetes and concomitant changes in diet quality, physical activity and weight in the Nurses’ Health Study. Each of these studies contributes new knowledge: Sueño represents the largest sleep validation to date, the only validation among Hispanic/Latinos and allows researchers to better understand the information contained in (and the limitations of) self-reported measures of sleep duration within subgroups. In the Women’s Health Initiative, we address limitations of the current literature on dietary patterns by calculating four dietary indices within the same cohort, standardizing the scores for comparison and examining associations across racial/ethnic groups. Project Viva is the first study to examine the influence of chronic insufficient sleep on diet quality in childhood when health behaviors and dietary preferences are being formed. Finally, examining changes in sleep duration and changes in diet quality, physical activity and weight in the Nurses’ Health Study represents a novel way to leverage repeated assessments. Results of this dissertation may help build the case for policy and intervention efforts to prevent and treat obesity and diabetes, particularly those that seek to improve both sleep and diet.Nutrition
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Udo, Inemesit Godwin. "Promoting Diabetes Self-Managment Eduaction and Training in Out-patient Clinics." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2947.
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a long term metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. T2DM is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease, blindness, kidney failure, lower-limb amputation, and other complications that are costly to patients and the U.S. health care system. Lack of knowledge and underdeveloped skills for self-management of diabetes continues to be the biggest problem for patients with T2DM. Using a team approach and Rosswurm and Larrabee's (1999) conceptual model as a framework, the purpose of this doctorate of nursing practice quality improvement project was to develop an evidence-based initiative for diabetic self-management that included a practice guideline/protocol for patients, and an educational curriculum plan for staff members including a pretest/posttest. Two nurse practitioners who are specialists in diabetes served as content experts to evaluate the educational curriculum plan. A dichotomous 5-item evaluation revealed unanimous agreement that the objectives of the curriculum were met. The content experts validated each 15 pretest/posttest items using a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not relevant) to 4 (very relevant). The content validation index was equal to 1.00 showing each of the test items were very relevant. This project will promote positive social change by facilitating staff commitment to evidence-based practice which will impact the physical, psychological, and emotional well-being of patients, families, and communities.
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Doolittle, Ashley. "Dietary Intake in Elderly Diabetic Patients versus Non-Diabetic Patients in Assisted Living Facilities." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1405619041.
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Murphy, Jessica. "Whole-body protein metabolism in obese elderly women with type 2 diabetes." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97068.
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Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have been shown to alter protein and glucose metabolism in young adults, but whether these findings translate to the elderly remains unknown. Accordingly, we assessed whole-body protein (13C-leucine) and 3-3H-glucose kinetics in 10 healthy, 7 obese and 8 obese, type 2 diabetic (OB-T2D) elderly women in the postabsorptive state and during a hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic, isoaminoacidemic clamp. Postabsorptive protein kinetics per kg fat free mass did not differ among groups. During the clamp, however, net protein balance was significantly greater in healthy than obese and OB-T2D women, who both failed to achieve net protein anabolism. This protein insensitivity to insulin paralleled a blunted insulin-mediated glucose disposal rate in obese and OB-T2D women. Hence, the insulin resistance of protein and glucose metabolism may influence dietary needs in obese elderly women, regardless of the presence of T2DM, and should be addressed in their management.Il a été démontré que l'obésité et le diabète de type 2 (DT2) altèrent le métabolisme protéique et glucidique chez le jeune adulte mais nous ne savons pas si ces résultats s'appliquent aux aînés. Par conséquent, nous avons mesuré les cinétiques globales des protéines (13C-leucine) et du glucose (3-3H-glucose) chez 10 femmes en santé, 7 obèses et 8 obèses ayant du diabète (OB-DT2) à jeun et durant un test de verrouillage (clamp) hyperinsulinémique, euglycémique et isoaminoacidémique. Les cinétiques des protéines à jeun par kg de masse maigre ne différèrent pas entre les groupes. Par contre, durant le clamp, le bilan protéique net était significativement plus élevé chez les femmes en santé que chez les obèses ou les OB-DT2, ces deux groupes n'ayant pas pu atteindre l'anabolisme protéique net. Parallèlement, les taux d'utilisation du glucose étaient moindres chez les femmes obèses et les OB-DT2. En somme, la résistance à l'insuline des protéines et du glucose peut influencer les besoins nutritionnels des femmes âgées obèses, peu importe si le diabète est présent, et devrait servir de cible thérapeutique.
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Inyang, Cornelia E. "Patients' Perceptions of Diet-Only Therapy in the Prevention of Diabetes Complications." Thesis, Walden University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13807269.
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Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder and the seventh leading cause of death in the United States. Type 2 diabetes is linked to many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, and chronic kidney failure. African American adults have a high prevalence of Type 2 diabetes with early onset of diabetes complications. Poor dietary behavior is the primary cause of Type 2 diabetes and its complications, changing dietary behaviors can prevent the onset of diabetes complications or impede existing ones. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore patients’ perceptions of diet-only therapy in the prevention of diabetes complications. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with six African American adults with Type 2 diabetes between 40 to 64 years using purposeful sampling method. Health belief model formed the conceptual framework of the study. I applied inductive coding process and manually analyze data for themes. Participants expressed fear of diabetes complications, acknowledged effectiveness of dietary therapy, physician communication and strong family support in Type 2 diabetes management. Findings can produce positive social change among African American adults with type 2 diabetes. Patients can be motivated to change their dietary behaviors to prevent disability and death from diabetes complications. Adherence to diet can reduce medical costs associated with Type 2 diabetes and its complications at the individual, family, community, and government levels. Health care providers can apply the findings in their interactions with patients to provide a more patient-centered education that integrates patients’ cultural and dietary preferences to facilitate adoption of dietary interventions and long-term adherence.
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Ko, Chihwei. "Modulation of Metabolic Reprogramming in Macrophage Impacts the Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance and Type II Diabetes." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1480681093917857.
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Scott, Jonathan Matthew. "Dietary Intakes of African Americans by Diabetes Status." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1222136597.
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Yako, Michelle Ashley. "KNOWLEDGE AND BELIEFS OF FUNCTIONAL MEDICINE AND INTEGRATIVE AND FUNCTIONAL NUTRITION OF ADULTS WITH AND WITHOUT DIABETES." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1605874021551358.
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Payne-Emerson, Heather. "SURVIVAL AND INFLAMMATION IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE: THE IMPACT OF OVERWEIGHT, OBESITY, DIABETES AND FRUIT AND VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/32.
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Overweight and obesity are paradoxically associated with better survival in patients with heart failure (HF). This association is poorly understood, in part because the impact of diabetes (DM) on survival of overweight and obese HF patients has not been considered. Inflammation may contribute to worse survival in overweight and obese HF patients with DM, and levels of inflammation may be associated with fruit and vegetable consumption. However, neither of these relationships has been investigated in patients with HF.
The purposes of this dissertation were to a) examine the effect of DM on survival of overweight and obese patients with HF, b) explore potential inflammatory-related factors that underlie differences in survival of overweight and obese HF patients with and without DM and c) examine the association between nutrition and inflammation in patients with HF. To address these purposes three investigations were conducted: 1) comparison of event-survival (the combined endpoint of all cause hospitalization and death) of normal weight HF patients without DM to overweight and obese HF patients with and without DM 2) comparison of levels of inflammatory markers in overweight and obese patients with DM to normal weight, overweight and obese patients without DM 3) determination of the association of fruit and vegetable consumption with levels of inflammatory markers in patients with HF.
In the presence of DM, patients who were overweight and obese had increased risk of all cause hospitalization and death. Obese patients without DM had similar risk as normal weight patients without DM. Overweight and obese patients with DM had higher levels of some, but not all, inflammatory markers compared with normal weight, overweight and obese patients without DM. Higher vegetable, but not fruit consumption was associated with lower levels of some inflammatory markers.
This dissertation has addressed an important gap in the current evidence by demonstrating the contribution of DM to all cause hospitalization and death in overweight and obese patients with HF. This investigation has also demonstrated that higher levels of inflammation may contribute to differences in survival between these groups. Increasing vegetable consumption may be one avenue to lowering inflammation in patients with HF.
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Mathis, Taylor. "Beating Diabetes: The Use of a Novel Nutrition and Medication Adherence Measure to Improve the Outcomes of Patients with Diabetes." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin153570253467365.
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Kamuren, Zipporah T. "Alterations in indices of oxidative stress and diabetes in type I diabetic rats on a low-carbohydrate diet and pycnogenol." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3204299.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Medical Sciences Program, 2006.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-01, Section: B, page: 0197. Adviser: John B. Watkins, III. "Title from dissertation home page (viewed Feb. 21, 2007)."
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Zhao, Jinping. "Interrelationships among diabetes, long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid nutrition and brain development in rodents." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103667.
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Conversion of linoleic (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) is vital in providing arachidonic (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and this capacity is up-regulated in pregnancy. However, the synthesizing enzymes are depressed in diabetes due to insulin deficiency or resistance, and the physiological adaptation in AA and DHA synthesis is absent in diabetic pregnant women. Newborn infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) have compromised AA and DHA status, while most diabetic rats have lower AA only. Follow-up studies reveal neurobehavioral deficits, bone abnormalities, and glucose intolerance in the IDM. Thus, the main objective of this thesis was to investigate if maternal AA supplementation improves neurodevelopment, bone health and glucose tolerance in weaning and adult offspring. Rat dams were randomized into 6 groups: Saline-Placebo, streptozotocin-induced diabetes (STZ) with glucose controlled at <13 mmol/L (STZ/GC), or poorly-controlled at 13-20 mmol/L (STZ/PC) using insulin; and fed either Control or AA (0.5% fat) diet throughout reproduction. The other objective was to test if brain DHA is maintained with a diet rich in ALA but absent in DHA in obese-insulin-resistant young rats. Male fa/fa and lean rats were fed diets enriched with flaxseed (35.5% ALA), menhaden (9.2% DHA) or safflower oil (54.1% LA) for 9 weeks. Results revealed that (i) for weaning-offspring: the liver AA was lower (17%) and the performances in negative geotaxis and rota rod were inferior in STZ/PC offspring, but this improved with maternal AA supplementation (P≤0.003), and AA-diet offspring had higher (16%) liver AA than Control-diet offspring; (ii) for adult-offspring: STZ/PC offspring showed longer (P≤0.018) escape-latency on testing-day 1 water maze (WM), maternal glucose concentration positively correlated with (P=0.006) male offspring testing-day 1 WM latency, and AA diet improved the performances in WM and rota rod (P≤0.032); (iii) the STZ/GC offspring had greater (P<0.030) whole-body and regional bone area than STZ/PC offspring. Maternal glucose negatively correlated (P<0.05) with offspring whole-body bone area and mineral content at 4 weeks in all offspring and with tibia area in males at 12 weeks. Glucose tolerance was not affected by maternal treatment or diet; (iv) the forebrain DHA of fa/fa rats was lower (P=0.011) than lean rats when fed flaxseed but not different when fed menhaden or safflower oil diets, even with lower ∆5 (P≤0.006) desaturase indices. In conclusion, STZ/PC offspring have neurodevelopmental delays at weaning and adult age. Maternal AA supplementation improved learning outcomes. Maternal glucose control has long-term positive consequences to bone health of adult offspring. Dietary DHA may be needed to maintain forebrain DHA in insulin-resistant young rats.La conversion de l'acide linoléique (LA) et l'acide α-linolénique (ALA) en acide arachidonique (AA) et acide docosahexaénoïque (DHA) est essentielle à la vie et cette capacité de conversion est augmentée pendant la grossesse. Cependant, les enzymes de synthèse sont diminuées dans le diabète en raison d'une déficience en insuline ou une résistance à son action et l'adaptation physiologique augmentant la synthèse de AA et l'acide DHA est absente chez les femmes enceintes diabétiques. L'état physiologique en AA et DHA est compromis chez les nouveau-nés de mères diabétiques, tandis que chez la plupart des rats diabétiques, seul celui de l'AA l'est. De plus, des déficits neurocomportementaux, des anomalies osseuses et l'intolérance au glucose ont été démontrés chez les nouveau-nés de mères diabétiques dans des études de suivi. L'objectif principal de cette thèse était de déterminer si une supplémentation maternelle en AA améliore le développement neurologique, la santé des os et la tolérance au glucose de la progéniture au moment du sevrage et à l'âge adulte. Pour ce, des rates fertiles ont été randomisées en 6 groupes: salin-placebo, diabète induit par la streptozotocine (STZ) avec glycémie bien contrôlée [<13 mmol/L (STZ/GC)], ou mal contrôlée [13-20 mmol/L (STZ/PC)] par insuline; ces 3 groupes ont été supplémentés ou non d'AA (0.5% des matières grasses) tout au long de la reproduction. Un deuxième objectif était de déterminer si le contenu en DHA du cerveau est maintenu avec un régime riche en ALA, mais sans DHA, chez de jeunes rats obèses insulino-résistants. Pour ce, des rats mâles fa/fa et des rats maigres ont reçu des rations enrichies d'huile de lin (35.5% ALA), de menhaden (9.2% DHA) ou de carthame (54.1% LA) pendant 9 semaines. Nos résultats démontrent que: (i) au moment du sevrage, les taux hépatiques en AA qui sont plus faibles (17%) et les performances en géotaxie négative et tige de rotation inférieures chez les rats nés de mères STZ/PC, s'améliorent avec la supplémentation maternelle en AA (P≤0.003); les rats issus des mères aux rations enrichies en AA, ont des taux hépatiques en AA plus élevés de 16% que ceux de mères non-supplémentées; (ii) à l'âge adulte, les rats nés des mères STZ/PC requièrent plus de temps (P≤0.018) pour s'échapper du labyrinthe d'eau (WM) au jour 1, la concentration plasmatique en glucose des mères est en corrélation positive (P=0.006) avec celle de leur progéniture de sexe masculin au jour 1, la supplémentation en AA améliore les performances du WM et celles de la tige de rotation (P≤0.032); (iii) la progéniture des mères STZ/GC a une plus grande (P<0.030) surface osseuse corporelle et régionale que la progéniture des mères STZ/PC. La glycémie maternelle est en corrélation négative (P<0.05) avec la surface osseuse corporelle et le contenu minéral des descendants à 4 semaines et avec la surface du tibia chez les mâles à 12 semaines. La tolérance au glucose chez les rejetons, n'est pas affectée par le traitement de la mère diabétique ni sa supplémentation en AA; (iv) le contenu prosencéphal en DHA des rats fa/fa est plus bas (P=0.011) que celui des rats maigres quand nourris d'huile de lin, mais pas différent quand nourris d'huile de menhaden ou de carthame, même si l'indice de la Δ5 désaturase est bas (P≤0.006). En conclusion, chez les rats nés de mères STZ/PC, des retards du développement neurologique sont mesurables au moment du sevrage et à l'âge adulte. Une supplémentation maternelle en AA améliore l'apprentissage chez le rejeton. Le contrôle de la glycémie maternelle à long terme a des effets positifs pour la santé osseuse des descendants adultes. Un apport alimentaire en DHA peut être nécessaire pour maintenir la concentration prosencéphale en DHA chez les jeunes rats insulino-résistants.
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Biery, Samantha Evelyn Elaine. "Attitudes and behaviors of pre-adolescents with diabetes toward fat -modified foods." FIU Digital Commons, 1999. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1676.
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Fat modified foods are widely available and have the potential to help individuals with diabetes, including children, achieve a lower total fat and saturated fat intake. Sixty-three pre-adolescents (10-13 years) with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM or Type I), and 60 without diabetes (boys, n=54; girls, n=69) were tested to determine their beliefs and attitudes towards high-fat and reduced-fat foods. In addition, both children and parents were asked about the child's use of low fat foods i.e., how often the parent bought or encouraged their child to eat reduced-fat food; how strongly the doctor or dietitian promoted the use of reduced-fat foods, and the child's concern about dietary fat. In this study, preadolescents with diabetes were not more likely than those without diabetes to use fat-modified foods. Parental and health care practitioner encouragement is associated with greater use of these products by children.
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Barrett, Sheila C. "Risk factors of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases among Jamaican adolescents." FIU Digital Commons, 2009. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1413.
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Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine Jamaican adolescents in a school setting, for risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
Methods: A descriptive epidemiological cross-sectional study of 276 Jamaican adolescents (112 males and 164 females) ages 14-19 years (15.6±1.2), randomly selected from grades 9-12 from ten high schools on the island. Thirteen risk factors were examined. Risk factors were compared with BMI levels and demographics. A sub-study validated finger prick testing of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, and HbAlc versus venous testing in 59 subjects.
Results: Prevalence of overweight was 33.0% (n=91) with mean BMI of 23.74±7.74. Approximately 66.7% of subjects reported > 3 risk factors. The number of T2DM and CVDs risk factors increased for subjects with BMI above 25. One third of the overweight subjects were classified with the metabolic syndrome. High BMI was associated with high waist circumference (r =.767, p
(r = .180, p.05). Percentage bias for the methods of blood testing met the reference standards for fasting blood glucose but not for total cholesterol and HbAlc. Bland Altman tests of agreement between the two methods indicated good agreement for all three tests.
Conclusion: Jamaican adolescents are at high risk for T2DM and CVDs as seen in other study populations. Effective programs to prevent T2DM and CVDs are needed. Family history of diseases, anthropometric measures, and gender identified more subjects at risk than did the biochemical measures. Comparison between finger prick and venous blood methods suggested that finger prick is an adequate method to screen for risk factors in children and adolescents.
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Malkin-Washeim, Diana Louise. "Electronic Benefit Transfer: Food Choices, Food Insecurity, and Type 2 Diabetes." ScholarWorks, 2015. http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1318.
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The purpose of this research was to examine food security for people with prediabetes participating in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), focusing on their food choice decisions and coping strategies over a 30-day benefit cycle that potentially increases the risk of Type 2 diabetes. A cross-sectional, quantitative design based on food choice process model constructs was used. SNAP participants (n = 36) with prediabetes, aged 21â??70 years, were recruited as outpatients from Bronx Lebanon Hospital and completed self-reported questionnaires on demographics and health, food security, and food frequency. Descriptive statistics, Pearson chi square tests, and regression analysis were performed using SPSS. Also, independent t test, and Levene's test were used for ad hoc analysis to assess variation of food choice decisions over 30 days. Of the sample, 5% had low and 95% very low food secure status. Food security status did not predict coping strategies (p = .724); however, food security status and type of coping strategy had a moderate relationship (p < 0.01; r =.60). Food choices of 11 food categories changed over a 30-day cycle with greatest variation for Week 1, compared to Weeks 2â??4 (p < .005). Use of coping strategies to minimize hunger was limited. Very low food security associated with certain coping strategies disrupted eating patterns. Disrupted eating patterns affect food variation over time, increasing the intake of non-nutrient-dense foods and the risk of obesity and Type 2 diabetes. The implications for positive social change include the potential to change SNAP's benefit allotments, make nutrition education mandatory, and create a nutrition package, thereby lowering food insecurity and the risk of Type 2 diabetes.
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Ajabshir, Sahar. "The Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Glycemic Status in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3649.
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The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of 4000 IU and 6000 IU of daily vitamin D3 supplementation for 3 months and 6 months on 8-hydroxy-2`-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and glycated albumin (GA%) among a group of individuals with T2D and hypovitaminosis D. Furthermore, this study investigated the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII), C-reactive protein (CRP), 8-OHdG, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), GA% and insulin. Ninety participants were recruited by community outreach and were screened. Sixty-eight participants met the inclusion criteria were enrolled and completed the study. DII for each individuals was calculated based on the values obtained from a validated food frequency questionnaire. Measurements of variables were conducted at baseline, after 3 months and after 6 months of supplementation. Serum CRP, 8-OHdg, GA%, HbA1c and insulin were measured by enzymatic immunoassay methods. Mixed model was used to compare treatment groups. Covariates in the adjusted model included age, gender, body mass index (BMI), insulin, HbA1c, years with type 2 diabetes, perceived stress, physical activity, and sun exposure. Mean age was 54.94± 7.93 years.A multivariable linear regression model adjusted for age, gender, waist circumference, and fasting plasma glucose was used to test for the linear trend between DII and CRP, 8-OHdG, GA% and insulin.The unadjusted model showed no significant associations between quartiles of DII, CRP, HbA1c and GA%. A significant inverse association was observed between the fourth DII quartile and insulin level (p=0.030). There was a significant association between SBP and DII in Q4 (p=0.029).The unadjusted mean ± SD for 8-OHdG levels at baseline, after 3 and 6 months were 8068.94 ± 2158.13 pg/mL, 9462.22 ± 2403.89 pg/mL, and 7412.69 ± 2031.68 pg/mL, respectively. The unadjusted mixed model showed no difference between the 4000 and 6000 IU groups regarding the oxidative stress and GA%. Interactions between time and treatment were not significant. The model showed a statistically significant difference in 8-OHdG level between baseline and 3 months (PP=0.015), and from 3 months to 6 months (P=0.039), but not from baseline to 6 months (P= 0.488). The results of the present study showed daily oral supplementation with higher doses of vitamin D for 6 months may have beneficial effects on oxidative stress and glycemic status among a group of individuals with type 2 diabetes and vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory dietary patterns may be associated with increased risk of hyperinsulinemia and hypertension among individuals with T2D and hypovitaminosis D.
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Ptashinsky, Natalya. "Acute care nutritional intake for inpatients with diabetes mellitus." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527742.
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Physiologic insulin protocols are replacing conventional sliding-scale practices in hospitals because of their flexibility in adapting doses to the patient's nutritional intake and insulin sensitivity. Although many noncritical wards have updated their prandial therapy to insulin-to-carbohydrate ratios, most hospitals continue fixed preprandial dosing. If patients are receiving fixed dose insulin based on prescribed nutrition and they are not consuming what is provided, the obvious outcome is an increased risk for hypoglycemia. Despite this, there are no studies aimed at profiling nutritional intake for patients with diabetes in the noncritical setting. This study was conducted for that purpose. The results validated the positivistic knowledge that these patients do not generally eat all of their rations. Further, this study included an ancillary investigation for the quality of compliance to new diabetic protocols as recorded in paper-based patient records compared to computerized medical records.
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Catsicas, Maria Elizabeth. "An assessment of the level of knowledge of health professionals on nutrition and diabetes self-management in treating patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes Mellitus in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86529.
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Thesis (MNutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Objective: The objective of the study was to assess and compare the level of knowledge of South African health professionals) treating patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T1 and T2 DM) with regard to nutrition and Diabetes Self-management (DSM). To achieve this objective, two questionnaires (one for T1 DM and one for T2 DM) was developed and validated. In addition the study identifies the areas in need for further education as well as to assess if socio-demographic factors influence the level of knowledge. Methods: The questionnaires were developed by: i) planning and developing constructs on nutrition and DSM by experts (n = 2) in the field of nutrition and diabetes care, ii) compilation and evaluation of a pool of 60 questions for face and content validity by an expert panel comprising six Registered Nurses / Diabetes Educators (RN / DE) and registered dieticians (RD) and iii) testing the questionnaires for criterion validity and reliability by a pilot group (n = 34 RN / DE and RD). Chronbach’s alpha values were calculated to determine validity and questions were disregarded or changed depending on this outcome. These questionnaires were then sent via electronic and hard mail to a randomised sample of RD (n = 1200) and RN / DE (n = 498). Data of 70 questionnaires on T1 DM and 105 on T2 DM was coded and analysed. The cut off value of 70% was considered as adequate knowledge. Results: With regard to questionnaire development, constructs were eliminated by the expert panel and this resulted in the acceptance of 60 constructs for the final questionnaires. Five constructs were replaced to improve content validity and an additional three constructs were adjusted to improve face validity. Recommended amendments were made to improve the criterion validity of the questionnaires. Internal consistency was shown with an overall Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.73 for the T1 DM questionnaire and 0.71 for the T2 DM questionnaire. In terms of the assessment of knowledge for T1 DM, the RD (75.4%) but not the RN/DE (67.2%) had adequate knowledge of nutrition. This was not statistically significant different from the RN / DE (p = 0.07). Both groups scored equally with regard to their knowledge of DSM with scores indicating inadequate knowledge (64.7% and 64.9% respectively) (p = 0.27). For T2 DM, the RD (74.6%) but not the RN / DE (61.6%) showed their knowledge of nutrition to be adequate, and statistically significantly better than the RN / DE (p = 0.0005). Both groups showed inadequate knowledge of DSM (56.0% and 61.9% respectively) (p = 0.31). The main areas of knowledge for diabetes mellitus (DM) identified in need for further education were the glycaemic index (GI) values of food, carbohydrate counting, the use of sugars / sweeteners, timing of meals and snacks with regard to activity, medication used, treatment of hypo- and hyperglycaemia and the use of alcohol. Age affected knowledge (for both nutrition and DSM) with regard to T1 DM, as the age group 30 - 49 years scored significantly better than the rest (nutrition p = 0.005, DSM p = 0.006 respectively). Health professionals in the private sector achieved higher scores compared to those working in the public sector (nutrition p = 0.011, DSM p = 0.016 respectively). Conclusion: Two valid and reliable quantitative questionnaires comprising 4 sections and 30 questions were developed to assess the level of knowledge of health professionals (RN / DE and RD) on nutrition and DSM treating patients with T1 and T2 DM in South Africa. RN / DE required further education towards key nutrition concepts and RN / DE and RD required further education on key concepts regarding DSM for both T1 and T2 DM.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Doel: Die doel van die studie was om die hoeveelheid van kennis van verpleeg en dieetkunde personeel wat persone met Tipe 1 en Tipe 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM en T2DM) in Suid – Afrika behandel, te bepaal en te vergelyk. Die studie het gefokus op kennis t.o.v. voeding en diabetiese self-sorg. Om die doel te bereik was twee vrae lyste, een vir T1 DM en een vir T 2 DM ontwikkel. Die verskillende aspekte van kennis wat verdere opleiding benodig is geidentifiseer asook of enige demografiese faktore wat kennis kon beinvloed. Metode: Die volgende stappe was geneem om voldoende geldigheid en betroubaarhied te bereik: 1. Twee kenners het verskeie belangrike aspekte van voeding en diabetiese self-sorg geidentifiseer en ontwikkel. 2. ‘n Paneel van 34 geregistreerde dieetkundiges en verpleeg personeel wat in Diabetes Mellitus spesialiseer , het die inhoud van ‘n totaal van 60 vrae ge- evalueer vir geldigheid en toepaslikheid. 3. Die paneel het die vraelyste verder ge- evalueer vir ‘n aanvaarbare standard van betroubaarheid. Chronbach-alfa waardes was gebruik vir die aanvaarbaarheid van alle vrae. 4. Die finale weergawe van 30 aanvaarbare vrae in elke vraelys was gestuur via elektroniese en normale pos na 1200 RD en 489 verpleegpersoneel wat spesialiseer in T1 en T2 DM. 5. Inligting van onderskeidelik 70 T1DM en 105 T2 DM vraelyste was gekodeer en ge-analiseer. Resultate: Tydens die ontwikkeling van die vraelyste, was sekere aspekte van kennis deur die twee kenners ge-elimineer. Die evaluering van die groep van dieetkundiges en verpleeg personeel het verder bygedra tot die vervanging en aanpassing van sekere aspekte van kennis. Dit het bygedra tot die vlak van voldoende geldigheid en toepaslikheid. Vir voldoende betroubaarheid was die Chronbach- alfa waardes van 0.73 vir T1DM and 0.71 vir T2 DM onderskeidelik aanvaar. Die studie het getoon dat die dieetkundiges voldoende kennis besit t.o.v. voeding vir T1 DM (75.4%). Dit was egter nie statisties betekenisvol meer in vergelyking met die kennis soos behaal deur die verpleegpersoneel (62.2%) (p = 0.07). Beide groepe se kennis t.o.v diabetiese self sorg was bepaal as onvoldoende met onderskeidelik 64.7% en 64.9%. In terme van T2 DM, het die dieetkundiges statisties betekenisvol beter kennis getoon vir voeding (74.6%) in vergelyking met die vlak van kennis soos behaal deur die verpleeg personeel (61.6%) (p = 0.0005). Soos in die geval van T1 DM het beide groepe onvoldoede kennis getoon vir diabetiese self sorg met onderskeidelike waardes van 56.0% en 61.9%. (p = 0.31). Die areas van kennis wat geidentifiseer was vir verdere opleidig, was die glisemiese indeks van voedsel, bepaling van die hoeveelheid koolhidrate in voedsel, die gebruik van suiker en versoeters, die neem van maaltye en versnapperinge, oefening, medikasie, voorkoming van lae en hoe blood glukose vlakke asook die gebruik vam alkoholiese drankies. Die ouderdoms groep tussen 30-49 jaar het statisties ‘n hoer vlak van kennis getoon vir beide voeding (p = 0.005) en diabetiese self sorg (p = 0.006) vir T 1 DM in vergelyking met die ander ouderdoms groepe. Personeel wat in die private sektor werk het ‘n beter vlak van kennis getoon in vergelyking met personeel wat in die openbare sektor werk (p = 0.011 en p = 0.016 vir voeding en diabetiese self sorg onderskeidelik. Samevatting: Twee geldige en betroubare vrae lyste met 30 vrae in totaal was ontwikkel om die vlak van kennis van dieetkundiges en verpleeg personeel te bepaal in terme van voeding en diabetiese self sorg vir beide T1 en T2 DM. Die verpleegpersoneel benodig verder opleiding t.o.v sekere aspekte van voeding en diabetiese self -sorg en die dieetkundiges t.o.v. diabetiese self -sorg vir beide T1 en T2 DM.
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Chan, Yim-ting Tina, and 陳艷婷. "Effect of a diabetes specific formula in the blood sugar and blood lipid profiles and nutritional status of type II diabetes living innursing homes : a prospective randomized trial." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31971507.
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Solomon, Hannah Ruth Solomon. "A Produce-Based Type 2 Diabetes Curriculum Intervention." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1524145676867497.
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caroline, Odette Tumukunde, and Sahar Zabihi. "Omvårdnadsåtgärder med fokus på nutrition och ätande för patienter med diabetes typ 2En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-67783.
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Sands, Amanda. "Egg Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:23205173.
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Due to their cholesterol content, limiting egg intake has been widely recommended for prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, recent reports by the 2015 Dietary Guidelines Committee and AHA/ACC suggest that there is insufficient evidence that dietary cholesterol is appreciably associated with blood cholesterol. In addition, the literature on the association with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is inconsistent.
These analyses aim to determine the association between egg intake and the risk of CVD and T2D in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), the Nurses’ Health II Study (NHSII), Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) and the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study (AARP), and conduct a meta-analyses.
Egg intake was assessed via validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires. Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for age, lifestyle and dietary factors, were used to estimate relative risks (HR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI). We observed 12,832 and 16,570 cases of incident CVD and T2D in NHS, NHSII and HPFS, and 11,268 CVD mortality cases in AARP. An increase of one egg per day was not associated with risk of CVD in NHS, NHSII and HPFS (HR: 1.04, 95% CI: (0.96, 1.13)). In the AARP study an increase of one egg per day was associated with an increased risk of CVD mortality (HR: 1.13, 95% CI: (1.05, 1.20)) and, an increased risk of CVD mortality among diabetics (HR: 1.25, 95%CI: (1.11, 1.41)). One egg per day was associated with an increased risk of CVD (HR: 1.05, 95% CI: (1.01, 1.09)) in a meta-analysis of the current results and previously published studies. We also saw an increased risk of CVD among diabetics (HR: 1.24, 95% CI: (1.12, 1.37)). We observed an increased risk of T2D with an increase of one egg per day (HR: 1.09, 95% CI: (1.01, 1.18)) in NHS, NHSII and HPFS, and in the meta-analysis (HR: 1.13, 95% CI: (1.07, 1.19)).
Although there does not seem to be a significant association between egg intake and risk of CVD or T2D in healthy individuals, people at risk for CVD or T2D and those who currently have T2D may want to limit egg intake.
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Hess, Melody L. "Development of a Nutrition Education Program Aimed at Diabetes Prevention and Management in an Urban Appalachian Population." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1378109309.
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Montrimaitė, Evelina. "Mitybos įtaka cukrinio diabeto kontrolei." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070713.123605-63977.
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Darbo tikslas. Įvertinti mitybos įtaką cukrinio diabeto kontrolei.
Uždaviniai:
1. Įvertinti 1 ir 2 tipo cukriniu diabetu sergančiųjų, besigydančių KMUK endokrinologijos klinikoje, žinias apie mitybą sergant cukriniu diabetu.
2. Įvertinti respondentų mitybos kontrolę, remiantis faktoriais: kūno masės indeksu, glikemija ir hipoglikemija.
3. Nustatyti cukriniu diabetu sergančiųjų mitybos savikontrolės laikymąsi.
Tyrimo metodika. Duomenys buvo surinkti anketinės apklausos būdu ištyrus 133 KMUK Endokrinologijos klinikoje dėl cukrinio diabeto besigydančius asmenis. Tyrimo duomenys buvo analizuojami statistiškai, naudojant SPSS 13 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) bei Microsoft Excel 2003 programas.
Rezultatai. Bloga diabeto kontrolė skatina lėtinių diabeto komplikacijų, kurios mažina ligonių darbingumą, blogina gyvenimo kokybę bei mažina gyvenimo trukmę, atsiradimą ir progresavimą. Todėl sergantieji cukriniu diabetu yra didžiulė našta šalies sveikatos apsaugai. Nemaži ir šių ligonių mokymo bei gydymo kaštai. Dar daugiau papildomų lėšų reikia atsiradusioms komplikacijoms gydyti.
Atliktame tyrime buvo siekta parodyti, kad cukrinio diabeto eigai didžiausią įtaką turi pats pacientas, jo pastangos kontroliuoti savo ligą. Vyriausybės, gydytojų, diabetologų pastangos gerinti žmonių gerbūvį nėra pakankamai veiksmingos, kol patys žmonės neturi atsakomybės už savo sveikatą.
Atliktame tyrime buvo apklausti 133 KMUK Endokrinologijos klinikoje dėl cukrinio diabeto besigydantys... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The aim of the study: To evaluate influence of nutrition for the control of diabetes mellitus Objectives: 1. To evaluate patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, from KMUK clinic of endocrinology, knowledge about diabetes related nutrition. 2. To evaluate respondents nutritional control fallowing BMI, glycemia and hypoglycemia. 3. To evaluate patients nutritional self-control. Methods. Data was collected by performing an anonymous survey. Sample size – 133 patients with diabetes mellitus from KMUK clinics of endocrinology. Statistical data analysis was performed using SPSS 13.0 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) and Microsoft Excel 2003. Results. Insufficient control of diabetes promotes complications in this disease, which reduces patients’ efficiency, quality of life and patients life years. For this reason, patients with diabetes mellitus are a high burden for countries health care system. High costs are also for patients’ education and treatment. Even more financial resources are required in treatment of complications. The main idea of this research was to show that in treatment of diabetes mellitus, patient by him-self is a very important part for successful treatment and in controlling his disease. Nobody, even government, physicians or diabetologists can not guarantee the success in treatment, until the patient by-himself takes the responsibility for his health. The sample size of this study was 133 diabetic patients from KMUK clinics of... [to full text]
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Hill, Jessica M. "The Relationship between Diet Quality and the Comorbidity of Diabetes in Adults with Heart Failure." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/nutrition_theses/10.
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Background: Heart failure and diabetes are common coexisting diseases. Elevated levels of glucose in the blood caused by insulin resistance can damage blood vessels and nerves, and eventually lead to heart disease. A poor diet and obesity can also contribute to the progression of diabetes and heart disease.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if diet and lifestyle factors between adult heart failure patients with and without diabetes who are participating in the EducatioN, and Supportive Partners Improving Self-CaRE (ENSPIRE) study are associated with comorbidities such as diabetes, and if so then how current dietary recommendations in this population should be modified based on diabetes status.
Methods: Using data collected from the EducatioN and Supportive Partners Improving Self-CaRE (ENSPIRE) study from 2006 to 2009 which was a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial, a secondary data analysis was conducted. Daily dietary intake of calories, sodium, carbohydrate, fat, sugar, and fiber was assessed via a 3-day food record. Differences in anthropometric measures, smoking history, education level and health literacy score between the two groups were also assessed. 117 heart failure patients were included in the analysis. Of these, 39% had diabetes.
Statistical analysis: Statistical analyses included the t-test, Chi-square analysis, and Mann Whitney U test used to compare anthropometric data, lifestyle factors, and disease states.
Results: Weight was higher in heart failure patients with vs. without diabetes (104.9 vs. 92.6 kg, respectively; P
Conclusion: Weight was significantly higher in heart failure patients with diabetes and they consumed fewer carbohydrates than their non-diabetic counterparts. We recommend encouraging these individuals to closely monitor their macronutrient intake, specifically limiting fat in the diet. Meeting with a dietitian to ensure adequate nutrient intake is strongly recommended.
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Pickard, Claire. "Fetal programming of appetite for macronutrients and obesity." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323801.
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Maneerattanasuporn, Tiwaporn. "Maternal Diabetes, Related Biomarkers and Genes, and Risk of Orofacial Clefts." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6215.
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Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are among the most common congenital birth defects and are characterized by incomplete development of the lip or the palate or both. The lip and palate develop separately at different times during the first trimester of pregnancy. The etiology of OFCs is multifactorial and includes a combination of genetic and environmental factors. This project aims to examine role of maternal diabetes mellitus in orofacial clefts through studies of medical histories, biomarkers, and genes.
In a study of Utah birth certificates, mothers with pre-existing diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) had an increased risk of OFCs, and obese mothers also had an increased risk. Mothers of children with OFCs were more likely than mothers of unaffected children to develop obesity, metabolic syndrome and gestational diabetes mellitus later in life. These result were more strongly related to cleft palate than cleft lip. Many genes related to GDM were associated with OFCs through genetic effects alone and gene-environment interaction effects with periconceptional maternal multivitamin use, maternal smoking, and environmental tobacco smoke. These results support the hypothesis that GDM may be causally related to OFCs via multiple GDM susceptibility genes and interactions with environmental factors.
Individuals with OFCs face both physical and mental health problem, which require multi-specialty team care. OFC prevention and prediction are important to public health. This dissertation reported that maternal diabetes mellitus, maternal pre-pregnancy weight and genes related to GDM had an association with the risk of OFCs. Mothers having an OFC child had an increased risk of developing metabolic abnormalities later in life. Potential risk factors were reported in this dissertation that may be useful for OFC prevention. This dissertation also reported potential biomarkers for predicting OFCs. Moreover, mothers having an OFC child may require regular monitoring of metabolic abnormalities later in life.
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Andreu, Laura Marie. "Low-fat food consumption by people with diabetes decreases fat saturated fat, and cholesterol intake." FIU Digital Commons, 1998. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1288.
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This study investigated the effect of providing free-access to several fat-modified foods on dietary energy and fat intake in free-living individuals with and without diabetes mellitus. Five low/no-fat products or their regular-fat versions were provided to volunteers to take home and use for 3 days. Energy and nutrient intakes of all foods consumed were determined through a weighed food diary and by weighing the food provided before and after consumption. Fifteen individuals with diabetes and 15 case-matched controls without diabetes participated in the study. Individuals with diabetes and controls responded similarly to the fat-modified foods. In both groups there was a significant reduction in the percent of kcals and grams of fat consumed during the low-fat condition compared to the regular-fat condition (p
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Solano, Melissa. "Feasibility of a Culturally-tailored Type 2 Diabetes Self-management Intervention for Latinos in Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587594050802717.
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Bader, Abeer. "Internet-based menu planning in type 2 diabetes and its impact on weight, A1C and blood pressure." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106334.
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Weight loss in overweight and obese persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) decreases risk of cardiovascular disease. There is some evidence that written menu plans and Internet-based menu programs advocating healthy eating are associated with weight loss in non-diabetic obese persons, particularly in those who frequently log-into such programs, but this approach has not been assessed in T2DM. To address this gap in knowledge, the objective of this study was to determine whether the number of weeks participants logged-into SOSCuisine, an Internet-based menu program, over a 24-week period was predictive of weight loss in overweight/obese adults with T2DM. Data were collected on 33 adults (57.8 ±7.4 years) recruited through collaborating registered dietitians at outpatient diabetes clinics of McGill University-affiliated hospitals (Montréal, Québec, Canada). Each participant's dietitian consulted with the SOSCuisine dietitian to individualize the menu plan. Body weight, other adiposity markers, blood pressure and A1C were measured at baseline and 24-weeks after initiating the program. The number of weeks participants logged-into the program was tracked electronically. After adjustment for age and sex and using multiple imputations to account for missing data, a 10-week increase in log-ins to the program was associated with a -2.0% [95% CI, -3.0 to -1.0%] weight change. A 5% or greater weight reduction was achieved by 18.0% of participants overall and 27.8% of those defined as adherent (i.e., those who accessed the web-based program once per week for a minimum of 18/24 weeks). A 1% weight reduction was associated with a -2.4 mm Hg change in systolic blood pressure [95% CI, -3.5 to -1.2 mm Hg] and a -0.8 mm Hg change in diastolic blood pressure [95% CI, -1.4 to -0.2 mm Hg]. Weight changes were not conclusively related to A1C changes (glycemic control). Our findings indicate that an Internet-based menu program leads to a clinically important weight loss in 1/5 of those who enroll and 1/3 of those who adhere. We have demonstrated a clear association between log-in frequency and weight change, again emphasizing the importance of adherence. The weight change was conclusively related to reductions in blood pressure, confirming clinically important effects.La perte de poids chez les personnes en surpoids/obèses souffrant de diabète sucré de type 2 (DST2) réduit le risque de maladies cardiovasculaires. Certaines données indiquent que les plans-repas écrits et les programmes de plans-repas sur Internet pour une alimentation plus saine sont associés à une perte de poids chez les personnes non-diabétiques, surtout ceux qui fréquentent ces programmes en ligne, mais ce phénomène n'avait pas été évalué chez les personnes atteintes de DST2. Pour combler cette lacune, on a cherché à déterminer si le nombre de semaines de fréquentation du site SOSCuisine, des plans-repas sur Internet, pendant 24 semaines, permettait de prédire la perte de poids chez les adultes en surpoids/ obèses atteints de DST2. Les données ont été recueillies auprès de 33 adultes (57,8 ±7,4 ans) par des diététistes d'hôpitaux affiliés à l'Université McGill. Ces diététistes ont consulté celui de SOSCuisine pour personnaliser le plan-repas du sujet. Le poids corporel, d'autres marqueurs de l'adiposité, la tension artérielle et l'A1C ont été mesurés au début de l'étude et après 24 semaines, le taux de fréquentation faisant l'objet d'une surveillance électronique. En tenant compte de l'âge et du sexe des participants et à l'aide d'imputations multiples pour compenser les données manquantes, il ressort qu'une augmentation de 10 semaines de fréquentation de SOSCuisine est associée à une baisse du poids de -2,0% [IC 95%, de -3,0 à 1,0%]. Une réduction de 5% ou plus a été observée chez 18.0% (1/3) de tous les participants et chez 27,8% (1/5) des « adhérents » – les personnes ayant fréquenté le site au cours d'au moins 18 des 24 semaines de l'étude. Une perte de poids de 1% était associée à une variation de la tension artérielle systolique de -2,4 mm Hg [IC 95%, de -3,5 à 1,2 mm Hg] et de la tension artérielle diastolique de -0,8 mm Hg [IC 95%, de 1,4 à -0,2 mm Hg]. Il n'a pas été possible de relier la variation de poids à celle de l'A1C (le contrôle de la glycémie) de manière concluante. Nous avons démontré une association claire entre la fréquence d'accès au site et la perte de poids, ce qui souligne l'importance de l'adhésion. La perte de poids a pu être reliée irréfutablement à des réductions de la tension artérielle, confirmant ainsi d'importants effets sur le plan clinique.
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Murdoch, Jayne. "Understanding how workshops transform participants' lives by exploring their perceived experiences: the Kahnawake Schools diabetes prevention project." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107683.
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Aim: To understand how the healthy lifestyle promoting workshops offered by the Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project (KSDPP) bring about transformative experiences that change how participants live their lives.Design: Qualitative study of semi-structured interviews.Setting: KSDPP is a community based participatory research project created in 1994 in an effort to prevent diabetes in Kahnawake, a Mohawk community. Since 2007 KSDPP has implemented cooking, healthy lifestyle and physical activity workshops for adults.Participants: Seventeen adult female Kahnawake community members with repeat participation in more than one KSDPP workshop, and one key knowledge holder, the Community Intervention Facilitator, who designed and implemented the workshops.Methods: Interview transcripts were analysed following grounded theory.Results: Deciding to attend a workshop required overcoming feeling selfish and accepting there is value in caring for oneself. Participants experienced transformative processes that gave them opportunities to learn cultural traditions, healthy lifestyle skills, stress coping skills and feel they were participating in community life. The outcomes of the processes were feelings of improved physical, intellectual, spiritual and emotional health. Other Kahnawake community members' health was impacted through the participants' role modeling and advocacy for healthy lifestyles.Conclusions: This study shows how culturally relevant health promotion interventions can bring about changes in the overall health of participants. Diabetes prevention interventions could be designed to encourage the development of the transformative processes found in this study. Promotional material could emphasize that the decision to join an intervention is a choice to do something positive for oneself that may lead to better individual and community health.Objectif : Comprendre comment les ateliers promouvant un mode de vie sain, offerts dans le cadre du Projet de prévention du diabète des écoles de Kahnawake (PPDEK), permettent des expériences transformatrices qui modifient la façon dont les participants vivent leur vie. Plan : Étude qualitative d'entrevues semi-structurées. Situation : Le PPDEK est un projet de recherche participative communautaire créé en 1994, dans le but de prévenir le diabète à Kahnawake, une communauté Mohawk. Depuis 2007, le PPDEK a organisé des ateliers destinés aux adultes couvrant les thèmes suivants : cuisine, mode de vie sain, activité physique.Participants : Dix-sept femmes adultes, membres de la communauté de Kahnawake, ayant participé à plus d'un atelier du PPDEK, ainsi qu'une personne ressource, soit l'intervenante communautaire qui a conçu et animé les ateliers.Méthodes : Les entrevues étaient retranscrites, puis analysées selon la théorie fondée sur les données (« grounded theory »).Résultats : La décision de participer à un atelier exigeait de surmonter le sentiment d'être égoïste, et d'accepter l'importance de prendre soin de soi. Les participants ont vécu des processus transformateurs leur donnant des opportunités d'apprendre des traditions culturelles, de saines habitudes de vie et des outils pour combattre le stress, tout en prenant conscience de leur participation à la vie communautaire. De ces processus résultèrent des sentiments d'amélioration de la santé globale : physique, intellectuelle, spirituelle et émotionnelle. L'implication des participantes dans la promotion de saines habitudes de vie et leur action à titre de modèle de rôle ont eu un impact sur la santé d'autres membres de la communauté Kahnawake.Conclusions : La présente étude démontre comment des interventions en promotion de la santé, adaptées à la réalité culturelle des gens, peuvent entraîner des changements sur le plan de leur santé globale. Des ateliers pour la prévention du diabète pourraient être conçus pour favoriser le développement des processus transformateurs retrouvés dans cette étude. Du matériel promotionnel pourrait être utilisé pour mettre en valeur la décision de joindre un tel atelier comme étant le choix de faire quelque chose de positif pour soi, qui peut aboutir à une meilleure santé individuelle et communautaire.