Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nutrition substrate utilization

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Nutrition substrate utilization'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Nutrition substrate utilization"

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Just, B., B. Messing, and D. Darmaun. "Oral nutrition in patients receiving home cyclic parenteral nutrition: pattern of substrate utilization." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 54, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): 560–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/54.3.560.

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Coyle, E. F. "Substrate utilization during exercise in active people." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61, no. 4 (April 1, 1995): 968S—979S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/61.4.968s.

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van Hall, Gerrit, José González-Alonso, Massimo Sacchetti, and Bengt Saltin. "Skeletal muscle substrate metabolism during exercise: methodological considerations." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 58, no. 4 (November 1999): 899–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665199001202.

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The aim of the present article is to evaluate critically the various methods employed in studies designed to quantify precisely skeletal muscle substrate utilization during exercise. In general, the pattern of substrate utilization during exercise can be described well from O2 uptake measurements and the respiratory exchange ratio. However, if the aim is to quantify limb or muscle metabolism, invasive measurements have to be carried out, such as the determination of blood flow, arterio-venous (a-v) difference measurements for O2 and relevant substrates, and biopsies of the active muscle. As many substrates and metabolites may be both taken up and released by muscle at rest and during exercise, isotopes can be used to determine uptake and/or release and also fractional uptake can be accounted for. Furthermore, the use of isotopes opens up further possibilities for the estimation of oxidation rates of various substrates. There are several methodological concerns to be aware of when studying the metabolic response to exercise in human subjects. These concerns include: (1) the muscle mass involved in the exercise is largely unknown (bicycle or treadmill). Moreover, whether the muscle sample obtained from a limb muscle and the substrate and metabolite concentrations are representative can be a problem; (2) the placement of the venous catheter can be critical, and it should be secured so that the blood sample represents blood from the active muscle with a minimum of contamination from other muscles and tissues; (3) the use of net limb glycerol release to estimate lipolysis is probably not valid (triacylglycerol utilization by muscle), since glycerol can be metabolized in skeletal muscle; (4) the precision of blood-borne substrate concentrations during exercise measured by a-v difference is hampered since they become very small due to the high blood flow. Recommendations are given in order to obtain more quantitative and conclusive data in studies investigating the regulatory mechanisms for substrate choice by muscle.
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Brecher, Arthur S., Timothy A. Moehlman, and William D. Hann. "Utilization of chymotrypsin as a sole carbon and (or) nitrogen source by Escherichia coli." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 38, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m92-048.

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α-Chymotrypsin serves as a sole carbon source, sole nitrogen source, and as sole carbon plus nitrogen source for wild-type Escherichia coli in a totally defined medium. Hence, a mammalian host for E. coli may supply the necessary carbon and nitrogen nutrients for the microorganism. Growth is most rapid when chymotrypsin is a sole nitrogen source,and least rapid with chymotrypsin as a carbon source. The approximate doubling times for E. coli utilizing chymotrypsin as a nitrogen source, carbon plus nitrogen source, and carbon source are 1.6, 4.6, and 11.3 h, respectively. The activity of the residual enzyme in the culture supernates falls off asymptotically over the course of time, as followed by cleavage of glutaryl-L-phenylalanine-p-nitroanilide. Chymotrypsin hydrolyzes succinyl-L-ala-L-ala-L-ala-p-nitroanilide, the elastase substrate, to some extent. Peptidases do not appear to be secreted that hydrolyze such model substrates as benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide, the tryptic and cathepsin B substrate, L-leucine-p-nitroanilide, the leucine aminopeptidase substrate, or L-lysine-p-nitroanilide, the aminopeptidase B substrate. Growth of E. coli is generally directly related to the loss of chymotryptic activity in the medium. Hence, autolysis of chymotrypsin, i.e., self-degradation, is an important factor for the availability of degradation products of the enzyme to the bacterium for growth purposes. Accordingly, the degradation of a host protein by autolysis presents an opportunity for E. coli to survive during periods of host nutritional crisis by utilization of the degradation peptides that are produced during autolysis. Key words: chymotrypsin, Escherichia coli, growth, nutrition, peptide source.
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Hall, K. D., H. L. Bain, and C. C. Chow. "How adaptations of substrate utilization regulate body composition." International Journal of Obesity 31, no. 9 (March 13, 2007): 1378–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803608.

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Joosten, Koen F. M., Jennifer J. Verhoeven, and Jan A. Hazelzet. "Energy expenditure and substrate utilization in mechanically ventilated children." Nutrition 15, no. 6 (June 1999): 444–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-9007(99)00081-7.

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Kajimoto, Masaki, Dolena R. Ledee, Nancy G. Isern, and Michael A. Portman. "Right ventricular metabolism during venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in immature swine heart in vivo." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 312, no. 4 (April 1, 2017): H721—H727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00835.2016.

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Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) provides hemodynamic rescue for patients encountering right or left ventricular (RV or LV) decompensation, particularly after surgery for congenital heart defects. ECMO, supported metabolically by parenteral nutrition, provides reductions in myocardial work and energy demand and, therefore, enhances functional recovery. The RV must often assume systemic ventricular pressures and function on weaning from VA-ECMO. However the substrate utilization responses of the RV to VA-ECMO or stimulation are unknown. We determined RV and LV substrate utilization response to VA-ECMO in immature swine heart. Mixed-breed male Yorkshire pigs (33–49 days old) underwent normal pressure volume loading (control, n = 5) or were unloaded by VA-ECMO (ECMO, n = 10) for 8 h. Five pigs with ECMO received intravenous thyroid hormone [triiodothyronine (T3)] to alter substrate utilization. Carbon 13 (13C)-labeled substrates (lactate and medium-chain and long-chain fatty acids) were systemically infused as metabolic tracers. Analyses by nuclear magnetic resonance showed that both ventricles have similar trends of fractional 13C-labeled substrate contributions to the citric acid cycle under control conditions. VA-ECMO produced higher long-chain fatty acids and lower lactate contribution to the citric acid cycle via inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase, whereas T3 promoted lactate metabolism in both ventricles. However, these metabolic shifts were smaller in RV, and RV fatty acid contributions showed minimal response to perturbations. Furthermore, VA-ECMO and T3 also achieved high [phosphocreatine]/[ATP] and low [NADH]/[NAD+] in LV but not in RV. These data suggest that the RV shows decreased ability to modify substrate utilization and achieve improvements in energy supply/demand during VA-ECMO. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We showed that the right ventricle unloaded by venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) has diminished capacity to alter substrate utilization compared with the left ventricle. This decrease in metabolic flexibility contributes to the inability to increase high-energy phosphate reserves during myocardial rest by VA-ECMO.
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Dumke, Charles L., David C. Nieman, Alan C. Utter, Michael D. Rigby, John C. Quindry, N. Travis Triplett, Steven R. McAnulty, and Lisa S. McAnulty. "Quercetin’s effect on cycling efficiency and substrate utilization." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 34, no. 6 (December 2009): 993–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h09-099.

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Previous evidence suggests that quercetin supplementation increases performance in humans. We examined the effects of 3 weeks of quercetin supplementation on fuel utilization, gross efficiency (GE), and perceived effort during 3 h of cycling over 3 successive days. Forty cyclists were randomized into quercetin and placebo groups and tested for maximal oxygen consumption (53.2 ± 1.2 and 54.7 ± 1.1 mL·kg–1·min–1). For 3 weeks following maximal oxygen consumption testing, subjects supplemented either 1000 mg·day–1 quercetin or placebo during normal training. Following supplementation, subjects cycled at 57% maximum power for 3 h, on 3 successive days, using their own bicycles fitted to CompuTrainer Pro Model trainers (RacerMate, Seattle, Wash.). Metabolic measurements were taken every 30 min for each 3-h ride. Muscle biopsies obtained from the vastus lateralis immediately pre-exercise and postexercise on days 1 and 3 were analyzed for muscle glycogen content. Power output remained constant for all 3 exercise trials, but significant decreases over time were measured for GE, cadence, respiratory exchange ratio, blood glucose, and muscle glycogen. Significant increases were measured for heart rate and volume of oxygen consumption over time. No quercetin treatment effect was observed for any of the outcome measures in this study. These data indicate that GE is reduced during an exhausting 3-h bout of exercise. However, quercetin did not significantly affect any outcomes in these already well-trained subjects.
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Just, B., B. Messing, D. Darmaun, M. Rongier, and E. Camillo. "Comparison of substrate utilization by indirect calorimetry during cyclic and continuous total parenteral nutrition." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 51, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/51.1.107.

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Coss-Bu, Jorge A., William J. Klish, David Walding, Fernando Stein, E. O'Brian Smith, and Larry S. Jefferson. "Energy metabolism, nitrogen balance, and substrate utilization in critically ill children." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 74, no. 5 (November 1, 2001): 664–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/74.5.664.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nutrition substrate utilization"

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Holmbäck, Ulf. "Metabolic and Endocrine Responses to Nocturnal Eating." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-2956.

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An increasing amount of people have their work hours displaced to the night and there are indications that shift work and other irregular working schedules are associated with an increased risk of developing the metabolic syndrome and other pathological conditions. It is therefore important to address the consequences of eating at irregular hours, especially nighttime. Papers I-III refer to a study in which 7 males were given a high-carbohydrate diet (HC) or a high-fat diet (HF), using a cross-over design. Subjects were kept awake for 24 h and food was provided as 6 equally spaced isocaloric meals. Higher energy expenditure and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentration, as well as lower glucose and triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations were observed with the HF-diet, compared to the HC-diet. With the HF-diet, fat oxidation, heat release, heart rate, glucose, NEFA and TAG concentrations differed depending on time of day. The highest postprandial TAG concentrations were seen after the 04.00 meal with both diets. Insulin and leptin responses to meal intake differed with respect to diet and time of day. Time of day affected glucagon, thyroid stimulating hormone, free thyroxin, total triiodothyronine (tT3), cortisol, chromogranin A and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) concentrations. PP’s postprandial increase was greater during 08.00 – 16.00 compared to 20.00 – 08.00. Furthermore, the subjects felt less irritated when eating the HF-diet but hunger was not related to macronutrient composition. Hunger and thirst decreased throughout the 24 h period despite constant activity and energy intake; and were correlated with several endocrine and metabolic variables. In paper IV 7 males were studied twice during 24-h either given 6 isocaloric meals throughout the 24-h period, or 4 isocaloric meals from 08.00 to 20.00, followed by a nocturnal fast. Energy expenditure, glucose, TAG, insulin and glucagon concentrations were lower; and NEFA concentrations were higher during the nocturnal fast compared to nocturnal eating; although no 24 h differences between the protocols were apparent. The subjects were more passive during the fasting period compared to when food was given. Stepwise regression showed that correlations between metabolic variables and hormones differed between daytime and nighttime. The decreased evening/nocturnal responses of cortisol and PP to meal intake suggest that nocturnal eating might have health implications and that the body reacts unfavorably to nocturnal eating. Smaller meals around the clock, however, showed marginally better effects on postprandial TAG concentrations and mental energy compared to larger meals during daytime. Further studies (long term) are needed before dietary guidelines can be given to shift workers, especially regarding the impact of nocturnal eating on gastrointestinal response and cortisol.
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Blondin, Denis. "The effect of carbohydrate ingestion type and timing on substrate utilization during low intensity shivering." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27620.

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During cold exposure, carbohydrates (CHO) play a substantial role in providing substrate for shivering muscles. To date, little is known about the effects of CHO ingestion on substrate utilization in the cold. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of exogenous glucose oxidation (RGox-exo) and quantify the rate of substrate utilization during low-intensity shivering when: (1) glucose is given from the onset (GO) or after 60 min (G60) or (2) ingesting glucose alone or in equal parts with fructose (GF60). Results showed that although CHO and lipid oxidation and their relative contribution to heat production increased during cold exposure when ingesting a CHO beverage, the timing and type of CHO ingested had no effect on overall substrate utilization. However, RGox-exo during cold exposure was significantly greater in the GO and GF60 condition relative to G60 (p<0.05) but no significant difference was found between the GO and GF60.
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"Vitamin C is Not Related to Resting Fat Oxidation in Healthy, Non-Obese Adults." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.24778.

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abstract: ABSTRACT Vitamin C plays an important role in fatty acid metabolism because it is required for carnitine synthesis. Vitamin C has been shown to have an inverse relationship with weight and body fat percent in a number of studies. However, there has been limited research exploring the relationship between vitamin C status and fat oxidation. This cross-sectional study investigates the relationship between plasma vitamin C and fat oxidation in 69 participants and between plasma vitamin C and body fatness in 82 participants. Participants were measured for substrate utilization via indirect calorimetry while at rest and measured for body fatness via DEXA scan. Participants provided a single fasting blood draw for analysis of plasma vitamin C. Results did not show a significant association between vitamin C and fat oxidation while at rest, therefore the data do not support the hypothesis that vitamin C status affects fat oxidation in a resting state. However, a significant inverse association was found between vitamin C and both total body fat percent and visceral fat.
Dissertation/Thesis
M.S. Nutrition 2014
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4

Poláková, Terezie. "Hodnocení energetického metabolismu u pacientů s chronickou obstrukční plicní nemocí." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-334686.

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Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Terezie Poláková Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Assessment of energy metabolism in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the name for lung disease with systemic consequences. Besides the respiratory symptoms there are also described changes in body metabolism, which could lead to the development of serious metabolic syndrome called cachexia. The main aim of this study was to compare the resting energy expenditure (REE) and nutrition substrate utilization in 12 patients with advanced form of COPD from the Czech Multicentre Research Database of COPD (5 females and 7 males, mean age 68 ± 6 years) and in 9 patients of control group without respiratory impairment (5 females and 4 males, 62 ± 4 years). Assessment of body metabolism was determined by method of indirect calorimetry. Measured REE was then compared with prediction based on Harris-Benedict equation. The utilization of main nutrition substrates was determined from the respiratory quotient and urea nitrogen loss in urine. We found that measured REE in COPD patients was about 20 % higher than in control group....
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Book chapters on the topic "Nutrition substrate utilization"

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Astrup, Arne. "The Effect of Exercise and Diet on Glucose Intolerance and Substrate Utilization?" In Metabolic Issues of Clinical Nutrition, 93–109. Basel: KARGER, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000080647.

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Maher, Amy, and Mark Tarnopolsky. "Substrate Utilization in Female Athletes." In Nutrition and the Female Athlete, 1–24. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b13743-2.

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"- Substrate Utilization in Female Athletes: Implications for Fuel Selection and Macronutrient Requirements." In Nutrition and the Female Athlete, 16–39. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b13743-5.

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