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1
Caprarulo, V. "ANIMAL NUTRITION: NEW STRATEGIES FOR NUTRITIONAL OPTIMIZATION." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/489607.
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This dissertation focuses on the impact of nutrition to modulate and optimize milk production, blood metabolites and liver metabolism. Specifically, the main aim was to elucidate the effects of rumen protected choline (RPC) supplementation to lactating dairy cows on production, metabolic health and hepatic gene expression, for which two different studies were performed.
The first study, a meta-analysis of the effect of RPC supplementation on milk yield (MY), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) in lactating dairy cows was performed in order to obtain an overall view of the effect of rumen protected choline. Rumen protected choline supplementation has been reported to have a positive effect on milk yield and metabolic health in lactating dairy cows. In light of this, a meta-analysis has been performed in order to elucidate the effect of choline chloride supplemented as RPC on both milk yield and selected blood metabolites. For this purpose, 21 peer-reviewed articles published from 1985 to 2016 were selected. This systematic review was carried out to evaluate the effects of RPC supplementation on MY, NEFA, and BHBA. Results obtained showed positive effects of RPC supplementation on MY in lactating dairy cows. The studies selected for this meta- analysis supplemented choline chloride in a range from 6.25 to 50g/d and milk production increase averaged 2.14±1.86 kg/d. Meta-regression on the dose- response relationship between dietary RPC and MY was significant. When NEFA and BHBA were evaluated, no overall effect was detected. Moderator analysis revealed that all outcomes, MY, NEFA and BHBA, were not significantly affected by the mode of choline supplementation (blended vs. topdressed).
In the second study, the mechanism beyond the metabolic changes due to RPC was investigated, with emphasis on hepatic gluconeogenesis, lipid oxidation and transport that occur during the transition period; particularly, the interaction of RPC and dietary energy concentration was tested and the expression of selected hepatic genes was analyzed. Hepatic gluconeogenic and oxidation genes were studied during the transition from late pregnancy to early lactation dependent upon RPC supplementation during the periparturient period, and prepartum energy intake. Controlling prepartum energy intake or supplementing RPC during the periparturient period, are two strategies to optimize hepatic metabolic function. At -48 days relative to calving (DRTC), multiparous Holstein cows were assigned to either a controlled (1.40 Mcal of NEL/kg DM; CE) or high (1.63 Mcal NEL/kg DM; HE) energy prepartum diet with or without RPC (top-dressed daily from -21 to +21 DRTC). Postpartum diets only differed in addition vs absence of RPC. Liver tissue biopsy samples were collected at -14, +7, +14, and +21 DRTC for RNA isolation and cDNA generation (n=16/treatment). Six genes involved in gluconeogenesis, lipid oxidation and lipid transportation were selected. Results obtained indicate that an increase in the expression of pyruvate carboxylase mRNA was reduced in cows receiving RPC after calving, which suggests that RPC had improved energy status and carbohydrate metabolism in the liver and reduced the need for pyruvate carboxylase. RPC supplementation decreased PCK1 in HE+RPC probably due to higher oxidation of increased circulating NEFA that translated to increased oxidative capacity of the TCA cycle. Moreover, this change can help to maintain the oxaloacetate pool. No effect of RPC supplementation was observed with regard to CPT1A, which is involved in fatty acid transportation. On the other hand, PPARA and MTTP were affected by RPC treatment, indicating that RPC supplementation may have modulated FA transport and oxidation.
In light of the two studies performed, RPC can improve milk production through lactation. Additionally, RPC supplementation may support and increase hepatic oxidative capacity.
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Talbot, Molly A. "Nutrition and health promotion activities and nutrition." Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/774735.
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The study was designed to identify current levels of corporate health promotion and nutrition activities and to highlight the need for continued health promotion activities, in particular nutrition education, throughout corporate America.Five hundred surveys were mailed to the Fortune 500 companies throughout the United States. One hundred and twenty-one were completed, yielding a 24% sample for analysis.The wellness/health promotion activities reported to be a part of corporate wellness programs included exercise, nutrition education, CPR training, stress management and intramural sports. It appeared that size of the corporation influenced the nutrition promotion provided at the worksite. There appeared to be no difference between CEO support or lack of support to the wellness/health promotion program and the variety of health promotion activities. It was apparent that having a nutrition consultant resulted in greater and more varied nutrition health promotion activities at the worksite, and that in the future, America's Fortune 500 companies will need to hire a nutrition professional to disseminate nutrition and health promotion information at the worksite.<br>Institute for Wellness
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Parkinson, Nancy S. "Educational attainment, food and nutrition knowledge, nutrition attitudes, nutrition behaviors, and nutrition training of Indiana school food service directors." Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1319832.
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The National School Lunch Program (NSLP) was established to provide meals that would meet one-third of the daily nutritional needs of children. Administrators of NSLP understand the responsibility to address the rising increase of obesity in children today. The purpose of this study was to examine the educational attainment, food and nutrition knowledge, nutrition attitudes, nutrition behaviors and nutrition training of 411 Indiana School Food Service Directors, through the completion of a 50 itemized questionnaire. The hypothesis of this research was to show that the educational attainment of Indiana School Food Service Directors would not impact their food and nutrition knowledge, nutrition attitudes, nutrition behaviors or nutrition training.A statistical significance (p<0.036) was found when analyzing nutrition attitudes between the respondents in the 41-50 year age group and the 61-70 year age group. Results indicated the 41-50 year old group had a more positive nutrition attitude than the 61-50 year age group. Additional analysis of the questionnaire results revealed no statistical significant difference between Indiana School Food Service Directors' educational attainment and nutrition attitude, nutrition behaviors, or nutrition training.<br>Department of Family and Consumer Sciences
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Meganck, Shana. "Setting The Nutritional Agenda: An Analysis of Nutrition Blog Sourcing." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/500.
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This research study analyzed the sources of nutrition blog information as measured by frequency and type of sources used by nutrition bloggers. Since the use of online resources for finding health information has become more prevalent, it is important to further research the topic for the purpose of better understanding how our nutrition agenda is set by nutrition bloggers. Focusing on 20 nutrition blogs, the study content analyzed 3,156 blog posts during a one-year period from September 1, 2011 to August 31, 2012, yielding 5,263 sources. Additionally, in-depth interviews were conducted with the writers of all 20 blogs in July 2012. The findings showed that (1) nutrition bloggers are sourcing half of the time, (2) nutrition bloggers are citing a variety of sources that include both credible and less credible sources, (3) nutrition bloggers are finding and choosing sources in various ways that include both credible and less credible methods, and (4) there is no difference in the sources selected by men and women bloggers. Overall, this study shows the need to create best practices for blog sourcing that serve as guidelines for both bloggers and readers, with emphasis on guidelines for source frequency and credibility of sources.
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Dodington, Sean Rhys. "Nutritional abnormalities in patients receiving long-term home parenteral nutrition." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/111542/.
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The last two decades have seen an increased drive to administer parenteral nutrition (PN) to patients in their home environments, thereby reducing associated hospital costs and improving patient quality of life. The occurrence of deranged nutritional biochemistry results has baffled PN experts for years because PN additives are marketed for the general needs of patients and PN is tailored to each patient’s requirements (both formulation and regimen). This thesis documents the investigations into HPN population characteristics, the extent of nutritional abnormalities (deficiencies and excesses) in a cohort of LT PN patients in Wales. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal retrospective study designs were employed alongside small-scale laboratory efforts to investigate stability of vitamin D in PN additives using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Characteristics of the HPN population in Wales were shown to be variable in terms of PN requirements for a predominantly female sample population (2:1); in whom 78.6% of patients received PN for indications relating to short bowel syndrome (SBS). A database analysis of micronutrient test results revealed a high prevalence of deficiencies of vitamin D and selenium, as well as excesses of manganese and water-soluble vitamins; which can lead to clinically relevant effects in patients. The sample population was shown to have impaired bone health since first receiving PN; respective sites of the femoral neck and total hip presented 58% and 60.8% of patients had osteopenia, while 28% and 19.6% had osteoporosis. Evidence in the literature links these clinical outcomes of metabolic bone disease (MBD) to patients’ inadequate vitamin D status. A final study exploring the adequacy of the trace element (TE) preparation Additrace®, found it lacking in selenium and excessive in manganese for the general requirements of the PN population. Clinician-directed supplementation of PN outside of Additrace® was associated with better micronutrient status in patients and more test results within range.
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Freckleton, A. M. "Nutrition labelling." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378111.
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Petty, Elizabeth Celia. "The impact of the newer knowledge of nutrition : nutrition science and nutrition policy, 1900-1939." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1987. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/682222/.
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Ideas concerning relationships between diet and health in the UK are traced from the 1904 Comittee on Physical Deterioration to the outbreak of World War II. Archive material is used to describe the often conflicting views of the Medical Research Council and the Ministry of Health and Board of Education concerning the public health applications of nutrition science. In particular, the work of the Ministry of Health's first Advisory Comittee on Nutrition, which was appointed in 1931, is reviewed and evaluated. The debate among public healh practitioners over the nature, cause and extent of the 'nutrition problem' is documented and the role in this debate of official dietary guidelines which appeared during the 1930s, is assessed. The Impact of the Newer Knowledge of Nutrition on welfare feeding policy Is evaluated in the context of the official promotion of milk feeding in schools. In particular, Corry Mann's experimental evidence which was used to endorse this policy, is reconsidered, and it is shown that the NRC view that the trial was proof of the presence in milk of a "growth factor" which produced preferential growth efficiency in adequately fed children , was in error. From a re-evaluation of the evidence it is suggested that the experiment merely recorded catch-up growth in a group of poorly nourished children. The view that there existed an extensive nutritional problem due to poor quality diets is examined and challenged. Both dietary survey data and anthropometric evidence are used to present the case that there was throughout the period studied a widespread problem of underfeeding among the poor and that intervention strategies based on the Newer Knowledge were not an appropriate method of dealing with this problem. This casts doubts on the widely held view that there was a need for nutrition education and suggests that the problem was one of poverty rather than Ignorance. Disaggregated anthropometric data located by the author are analysed according to NCHS standards to assess the prevalence of underfeeding. Significantly higher prevalences of stunting than low weight-for-age exist in all data sets; this phenomenon is considered in detail and low weight-for-age is proposed as the preferred index of malnutrition in 20th Century historical studies. Attention is drawn to the relevance of these studies for the current nutrition and public health debate.
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Hargrove, Emily J. "Nutrition Knowledge and Attitude Towards Nutrition Counseling Among OsteopathicMedical Students." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1469139245.
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Zaman, Tanwir. "Vision Based Extraction of Nutrition Information from Skewed Nutrition Labels." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4893.
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An important component of a healthy diet is the comprehension and retention of nutritional information and understanding of how different food items and nutritional constituents affect our bodies. In the U.S. and many other countries, nutritional information is primarily conveyed to consumers through nutrition labels (NLs) which can be found in all packaged food products. However, sometimes it becomes really challenging to utilize all this information available in these NLs even for consumers who are health conscious as they might not be familiar with nutritional terms or find it difficult to integrate nutritional data collection into their daily activities due to lack of time, motivation, or training. So it is essential to automate this data collection and interpretation process by integrating Computer Vision based algorithms to extract nutritional information from NLs because it improves the user’s ability to engage in continuous nutritional data collection and analysis. To make nutritional data collection more manageable and enjoyable for the users, we present a Proactive NUTrition Management System (PNUTS). PNUTS seeks to shift current research and clinical practices in nutrition management toward persuasion, automated nutritional information processing, and context-sensitive nutrition decision support.
PNUTS consists of two modules, firstly a barcode scanning module which runs on smart phones and is capable of vision-based localization of One Dimensional (1D) Universal Product Code (UPC) and International Article Number (EAN) barcodes with relaxed pitch, roll, and yaw camera alignment constraints. The algorithm localizes barcodes in images by computing Dominant Orientations of Gradients (DOGs) of image segments and grouping smaller segments with similar DOGs into larger connected components. Connected components that pass given morphological criteria are marked as potential barcodes. The algorithm is implemented in a distributed, cloud-based system. The system’s front end is a smartphone application that runs on Android smartphones with Android 4.2 or higher. The system’s back end is deployed on a five node Linux cluster where images are processed. The algorithm was evaluated on a corpus of 7,545 images extracted from 506 videos of bags, bottles, boxes, and cans in a supermarket. The DOG algorithm was coupled to our in-place scanner for 1D UPC and EAN barcodes. The scanner receives from the DOG algorithm the rectangular planar dimensions of a connected component and the component’s dominant gradient orientation angle referred to as the skew angle. The scanner draws several scan lines at that skew angle within the component to recognize the barcode in place without any rotations. The scanner coupled to the localizer was tested on the same corpus of 7,545 images. Laboratory experiments indicate that the system can localize and scan barcodes of any orientation in the yaw plane, of up to 73.28 degrees in the pitch plane, and of up to 55.5 degrees in the roll plane. The videos have been made public for all interested research communities to replicate our findings or to use them in their own research. The front end Android application is available for free download at Google Play under the title of NutriGlass. This module is also coupled to a comprehensive NL database from which nutritional information can be retrieved on demand. Currently our NL database consists of more than 230,000 products.
The second module of PNUTS is an algorithm whose objective is to determine the text skew angle of an NL image without constraining the angle’s magnitude. The horizontal, vertical, and diagonal matrices of the (Two Dimensional) 2D Haar Wavelet Transform are used to identify 2D points with significant intensity changes. The set of points is bounded with a minimum area rectangle whose rotation angle is the text’s skew. The algorithm’s performance is compared with the performance of five text skew detection algorithms on 1001 U.S. nutrition label images and 2200 single- and multi-column document images in multiple languages. To ensure the reproducibility of the reported results, the source code of the algorithm and the image data have been made publicly available. If the skew angle is estimated correctly, optical character recognition (OCR) techniques can be used to extract nutrition information.
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Rabie, Mohamed Mohamed Ahmed. "Nutritional facts and medicinal usage of dates in clinical and human nutrition." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400888.
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Chimeli, Janna Valente. "Can Nutrition Information Help with the Selection of the Most Nutritious Option?" Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1430818276.
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Subedi, Yagya Prasad. "Nutrition transition in Nepal : a focus on nutritional, epidemiological, demographic and economic shifts." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=236446.
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This study aimed to describe nutrition transition in Nepal over the past 40 years and to explore its relationship with economic, demographic and epidemiological shifts; and further discussed how different socioeconomic groups were experiencing the nutrition transition. The current study used a multimethod study framework including quantitative and qualitative studies. In the past 40 years, nutrition transition had occurred in Nepal. In 1990s, economic shifts occurred raising the GDP per-capita income above poverty threshold level. Following this, increase in total energy supply and total fats intake in diet exceeded the average dietary energy requirement level (2250Kcal/person/day) set out for the country (end of pattern 3). During 2000s, a number of demographic shifts including increase in average life expectancy beyond 60 years occurred leading to population ageing. Imports of processed foods increased significantly due to globalisation, while domestic agricultural production decreased drastically due to the Civil War resulting in higher proportion of processed foods, fats and sugar in diet. The globalisation and the Civil War may have facilitated to shift the food supply system from primary agriculture products to convenience/processed foods. It was likely that the economic, demographic and dietary behavioural shifts had collectively influenced the epidemiological shifts leading to overweight, obesity and chronic NCDs in Nepal (pattern 4). Distinct socio-economic groups in Nepal were experiencing these transitions differently. The lower socio-economic group and rural residents continued to consume low variety and low-fat foods and had lower prevalence of overweight and obesity (pattern 3). While, the higher socioeconomic groups and urban residents retained some food from Nepalese traditional cereal but were also increasing their consumption of extra meals, which were higher in fats and had higher prevalence of overweight and obesity (pattern 4). A number of underlying drivers for these dietary shifts were identified, but further work is still needed to better understand how these drivers interact with a range of sociodemographic factors to elicit behaviour change.
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Apró, William, and Jörgen Tannerstedt. "Nutrition och muskeluppbyggnad." Thesis, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-306.
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<p>Senare års studier har gett oss en klarare bild av hur muskeluppbyggnaden stimuleras och regleras av styrketräning och nutrition. Mycket forskning kvarstår dock innan fullständiga rekommendationer kan ges. Vad som dock är klart är att de allmänna rekommendationerna som idag uppgår till 0.8 g protein • kg-1 kroppsvikt • dag-1 i de flesta länder (Lemon, 2000) inte räcker till för fysiskt aktiva individer. Atletens ökade proteinbehov kan dock enkelt tillgodoses via ökat matintag varvid supplementering ur den aspekten inte är nödvändig.</p><p>Vidare vet man att tillgängligheten och tillförseln av aminosyror runt träningen är avgörande för maximal stimulering av proteinsyntesen. Muskeln behöver tillgång till essentiella aminosyror när träningen påbörjas för maximal stimulering av proteinsyntesen. Huruvida aminosyrorna behöver tas i form av en dryck i kosttillskottsform eller kan intas i form av vanlig mat för att tillräckligt fort kunna förse muskeln med EAA är inte utrett.</p><br>Uppsats 3 p i fördjupningskursen Idrotts- och arbetsfysiologi vt 2007.
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Bhargava, Anurag. "Nutrition and Tuberculosis." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110718.
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Tuberculosis continues to be a major public health problem in low to middle income countries. Action on risk factors and social determinants of TB is now being proposed to complement the current strategy of TB control. Under-nutrition is a biologic factor whose distribution is socially determined. Under-nutrition impairs cell mediated immunity, which normally prevents progression of M.tuberculosis infection to active TB. Under-nutrition can increase the risk of TB incidence, as well as TB mortality, while tuberculosis can worsen under-nutrition. India, the country with the world's largest burden of TB (including MDR-TB) also has the largest global burden of under-nutrition, which is the major risk factor for TB in India. There is little published information regarding the nutritional status and associated outcomes of patients with tuberculosis in low income countries such as India, and there have been very few intervention studies assessing the impact of nutritional interventions on prevention of TB disease.We reviewed data on nutritional status of 1695 adult patients with pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosed at a rural hospital and community health programme in central India, and its association with deaths during treatment and treatment success. Under-nutrition was a co-morbidity that was highly prevalent, severe, persistent even after successful treatment of tuberculosis, and associated with a 2-4 fold increased risk of death. We re-analyzed data from the Papworth village settlement for TB patients, where during 1918-43 in an experimental intervention, the impact of social interventions including adequate nutrition on outcomes of incidence of TB incidence and disease in over 300 child contacts of TB patients had been carefully documented. These interventions could not prevent incidence of TB infection but prevented almost entirely, TB disease from occurring in children born in the settlement and resulted in substantial protection from TB disease in other children. Nutritional management is indicated for patients with severe under-nutrition but the impact of nutritional interventions on tuberculosis related outcomes like mortality needs to be assessed as a priority in future research. Interventions to address under-nutrition at the population level could have a significant effect on TB incidence of TB in adults and children, in India.<br>La tuberculose représente toujours un problème de santé publique majeur dans les pays en voie de développement. Pour complémenter les stratégies traditionnelles de contrôle, la prise en charge des déterminants sociaux et autres facteurs de risques constitue une avenue à explorer. La malnutrition est un phénomène biologique complexe comprenant une importante dimension sociale qui, de par son effet délétère sur les mécanismes d'immunité cellulaire, est un facteur de risque pour le développement de la tuberculose et en augmente la mortalité. En Inde, le pays portant le plus lourd fardeau de tuberculose (et de tuberculose multirésistante), la malnutrition est le facteur de risque principal, et le bilan nutritionnel est le pire au monde. Cependant, il existe peu de données analysant le lien entre l'état nutritionnel et les issues cliniques reliées à la tuberculose dans les pays comme l'Inde, et encore moins d'études ont abordé l'impact d'interventions nutritionnelles sur la prévention de la tuberculose.Nous avons analysé le parcours de 1965 patients atteints de tuberculose pulmonaire diagnostiqués par le biais d'un programme communautaire d'un hôpital rural de l'Inde centrale. Chez ces patients, la malnutrition était sévère, hautement prévalente, et persistait malgré une thérapie anti-tuberculeuse. De plus, la malnutrition était associée avec un risque de 2 à 4 fois plus accru de mortalité. Nous avons également procédé à une ré-analyse des données de la cohorte du village de Papworth, dans lequel une intervention expérimentale portant sur la modification de certains aspects sociaux pour prévenir la tuberculose, incluant un apport nutritionnel adéquat, a été étudiée entre 1918 et 1943 chez plus de 300 enfants ayant été en contact avec la tuberculose. Bien que l'incidence de l'infection par la tuberculose n'a pas été modifiée par ces interventions, le développement de la tuberculose active a été presque entièrement enrayé chez les enfants nés dans le village, alors que ceux qui y sont arrivés après la naissance ont bénéficié d'une protection substantielle. Les impacts de la prise en charge de la malnutrition sur les issues cliniques reliées à la tuberculose demeurent toutefois en grande partie inconnus. Étant donné les bénéfices potentiels reliés à des interventions ciblant ce problème dans des pays comme l'Inde, il est urgent de considérer ces avenues comme des priorités de recherche.
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Bonnici, Dorianne. "Nutrition in soccer." Thesis, Edge Hill University, 2017. http://repository.edgehill.ac.uk/8944/.
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The game of soccer places various physiological demands on players, who are required to respond by carrying out a range of locomotor activities at different intensities. Such activity patterns contribute to a high energy turnover in both training and match-play, which in turn requires the intake of adequate fuel sources to sustain it. Adequate nutrient intake constitutes an important foundation for physical performance by providing fuel for biological work, both short and long term as required throughout the course of a soccer match. Despite the popularity of the sport worldwide, few studies investigating the effect of nutrition on performance in soccer have been conducted to substantiate the effect of optimal nutrition over the duration of a standard soccer match. This dearth of evidence has contributed in turn to a lack of specific nutrition guidelines for soccer players, coaches, sport scientists, nutritionists and club administrators. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the physiological, psychological and sociological aspects of nutrition and soccer, and posit a comprehensive nutritional framework to actively engage soccer players in adopting diets supportive of optimal performance in soccer training and match-play. The researcher set out by hypothesising that an optimal diet positively influences physical performance in soccer match-play. To test this hypothesis, a 90 h diet was developed for the participating semi-professional soccer players. Following implementation of the diet, a 90-minute soccer-specific simulation protocol, BEAST90mod was used to test its effects on physical performance in soccer. The remaining three inter-linked studies were longitudinal in nature, and carried out with participants forming part of the Malta U21 National Soccer Team. In the first instance, players’ habitual dietary intake, expenditure and energy balance was examined. The researcher then gathered information about the players’ knowledge, attitudes, habits, perceptions and barriers towards a diet conducive with optimal soccer performance. The same players finally underwent a 9-month nutritional education and support intervention, the efficacy of which was measured by the researcher throughout the intervention period. The principle aim of the research is to present findings that provide players and stakeholders in soccer a clear indication of the effects of specialist nutrition in soccer, and empower them with a range of appropriate tools and strategies as employed throughout the support programme. It ultimately seeks to improve physical performance in soccer training and match-play by informing sound individual and team approaches to nutritional decision-making.
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Davidsson, Anna, and Mia Ekstrand. "Nutrition och bensår." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24278.
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Patienter med bensår är vanligt förekommande i vården och nutrition bör vara en del av behandlingen. Sjuksköterskans kunskap och attityd till nutrition kan således påverka omvårdnaden av bensårspatienter i hög grad. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att belysa nutritionsstatus och läkning hos bensårspatienter samt sjuksköterskans kunskaper och attityder om nutrition. Metoden är en studie där tio artiklar har granskats utifrån vetenskaplighet och kvalitet. Resultatet visar att många bensårspatienter ligger i riskzonen för undernäring och har brist på ett eller flera näringsämnen. Ingen av artiklarna visade ett signifikant samband mellan sårläkning och nutrition. Sjuksköterskans kunskap och attityder om nutrition varierar. Slutsatsen är att sjuksköterskan även efter examen måste fortsätta att lära sig och uppdatera sin kunskap om nutrition. Nutritionens betydelse i omvårdnadsarbetet får inte förringas, utan måste lyftas upp som en viktig del i behandlingen av bensårspatienter.<br>Patients with leg ulcers are frequently occurring in the health care system and nutrition is a part of their treatment. The nurses´ knowledge and attitudes to nutrition might to a high degree influence the care of leg ulcer patients. The aim of the literary review is to elucidate the nutritional status and wound healing in leg ulcer patients and also the nurses´ knowledge and attitudes towards nutrition. The method is a literary review where ten articles have been reviewed with regard to scientific quality. The results show that many leg ulcer patients run the risk of becoming malnourished and have a shortage of one or more nutritive subjects. No article showed a significant relation between wound healing and nutrition. There are variations in the nurses´ knowledge and attitudes towards nutrition. The conclusion is that the nurse even after graduating has to continue to learn and update her/his knowledge about nutrition. The importance of nutrition, in nursing, must not be overlooked but has to be highlighted as an important part of the treatment of leg ulcer patients.
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Ramel, Alex M. "Nutrition et VIH." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2P030.
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Lemel, Martine. "Oligoéléments et nutrition." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11139.
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Trotter, James Marshall. "Nutrition and cancer : studies on nutritional abnormalities, nutritional support and protein metabolism in malnourished cancer patients /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mdt858.pdf.
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Breton, Elsa. "Qualité du pool nutritif et nutrition des copépodes pélagiques en Manche orientale." Littoral, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DUNK0064.
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Ce travail traite de l'aspect quantitatif et qualitatif des relations trophiques en Manche orientale entre le phytoplancton et les copépodes, au moyen de l'analyse par HPLC des pigments photosynthétiques. Une méthode d'extraction et de séparation des pigments, appliquée à l'analyse des contenus stomacaux des copépodes, a été élaborée. En parallèle, des comptages ont été effectués au microscope pour : déterminer la tailles des particules nutritives, estimer la part des hétérotrophes, et vérifier la validité des pigments marqueurs. L'analyse des prélèvements, effectués de 1995 à 1997, à la côte et au large de Boulogne sur mer, montre que la quantité et la qualité du pool nutritif fluctuent de façon importante à travers les saisons. Les diatomées microplanctoniques composent l'essentiel de la biomasse phytoplanctonique par rapport aux phytoflagellés essentiellement nanoplanctoniques. Mais numériquement, ceux-ci représentent une part importante, et dominent en hiver, automne et avril-mai (Phaeocystis sp. ). Spatialement, les eaux côtières sont plus riches en diatomées que celles du large, induisant de plus fortes biomasses phytoplanctoniques et une plus faible proportion de phytoflagellés. Ces différences montrent l'influence de l'hydrodynamisme particulier en Manche orientale sur la distribution et la composition du phytoplancton, mais aussi sur la nutrition des copépodes : les individus du large ont une plus grande proportion de phytoflagellés dans leur ration alimentaire. A cette variabilité de l'environnement nutritif, les copépodes répondent de façon spécifique et sélectionnent la nourriture qu'ils rencontrent, préférant les Cryptophycées. Les diatomées sont ingérées uniquement en fonction de leur abondance, sauf en été et en hiver où elles sont généralement évitées. En fait, il semble que les copépodes ingèrent surtout des Thalasiosiraceae, présentes surtout au printemps et en automne. Nos résultats montrent aussi que les copépodes évitent Phaeocystis sp<br>This work investigates quantitative and qualitative sides of the in situ trophic relationships between phytoplankton and copepods, by means of pigments biomarkers, analyzed by HPLC. One method for extract and separate pigments from gut of copepods has been worked out. In parallel, microscopic counts have been carried out for : establish size of nutritive particles, estimate portion of heterotrophs, and verify validity of pigments biomarkers. Analysis of samples, collected fortnighly from November 1995 to July 1997, in two neighbour areas 'inshore and offshore) in the eastern English Channel, reveal that quality and quantity of the nutritive pool fluctuate substantially over the course of seasons. Microplanktonic diatoms contribute to the greatest part of phytoplankton biomass, incomparison with nano-phytoflagellates. However, numerically, these contribute to an important part of the phytoplankton, and dominate in winter, autumn, and April-May (Phaeocystis sp. ). Spatially, phytoplankton carbon biomass is higher in the coastal area, mainly due to higher frequency of diatoms. Thus, the offshore waters were characterised by a greater numerical contribution of flagellates. These differences show the importance of the particular hydrodynamism (tidal front) in the eastern English Channel on the distribution and composition of phytoplankton, and also on the nutrition of copepods. Thus, nanoflagellates compose a higher part in the copepods diet in the offshore waters. Concomitant copepods species respond with specific behaviour to such variability, and select food encountered, exerting always a strong preference on Cryptophyceae. Diatoms are ingested according their abundance, even are generally avoided during summer and winter. In fact, it seems that copepods overall feed on Thalasiosiraceae, present principally in spring and autumn. Results also show that copepods discriminate Phaeocystis sp
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Hatsu, Irene. "Effect of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and Nutrition Education on Nutrition and Health Outcomes of HIV+ Individuals." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/924.
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Factors associated with and barriers to participation in Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and the effect participation has on food security, nutrition status, disease status and quality of life was investigated in a cross-sectional study including 175 HIV infected individuals. In addition, the effect of a targeted nutrition education on nutrition knowledge, readiness to dietary behavior change, nutrition status, disease status and quality of life was also investigated among a subset of the population (N = 45) in a randomized clinical control trial.
SNAP participation rate was 70.3%, similar to the State of Florida and national participation rates. SNAP participation was positively and independently associated with being born in the US (P < 0.001), having monthly income less than $1000 (P = 0.006), and receiving antiretroviral treatment (P < 0.001). Participation barriers include denial of participation by program, recent incarceration, living in a shelter where participation is not allowed and unawareness of eligibility status. In regression analyses, SNAP participation was not significantly associated with improved food security, nutrition status, disease status and health related quality of life (HRQOL). Over half (56%) of the population experienced food insecurity and had inadequate intakes of half of the nutrients assessed. Illicit drug, alcohol and cigarette use were high in this population (31%, 55% and 63% respectively), and affected food security, nutrients intake, disease status and HRQOL. The nutrition education intervention resulted in a trend towards improvements nutrition knowledge, self-efficacy, and readiness to change without impacting nutrition status, disease state and quality of life.
Food insecurity and other nutrition related issues, with implications for treatment, management and cost of HIV disease, continue to plague infected individuals living in poverty. More resources, including food and nutrition programs, specifically targeted towards this population are needed to address these issues.
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Zoelle, Ben. "Nutrition, perception of nutrition, and academic performance in ninth grade students." Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998zoelleb.pdf.
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Wyatt, Melissa Ann. "Sustainable Diets: Understanding Nutrition Educators' Perceptions." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/560838.
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Background As the world population grows to 9.1 billion people, there is a need to feed all of these people. Agriculture will need to produce more food to feed the world. Agriculture is pressured by climate change with droughts and changes in seasonal patterns and needs to adapt to these changes. For nutritionists, there is a need to address non-communicable chronic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. These diseases are highly problematic in the developed parts of the world. Additionally, addressing food security is also an issue as part of the world, a large portion of developing countries, experience hunger and diseases related to not having adequate nutritious foods. Sustainable diets are working to address the issues mentioned above. This idea of having a sustainable diet is not new and dates back to a 1986 commentary by Gussow and Clancy. However, it was later in 2010, that a definition was developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). This general definition has provided research with a focus on what a sustainable diet is and which food groups are parts of a sustainable diet. Purpose The purpose of this study was to learn about the current knowledge of sustainable diets through conducting a search of peer-reviewed literature about what sustainable diets are and what foods are included. Finally, this study assessed what nutrition educators know about and what their perceptions are of sustainable diets. Methods A literature search was conducted using several databases, including PubMed and EBSCO Host, yielding a few thousand results. After reviewing the literature, questions were developed for a focus group (n=8 participants), interviews (n=9 participants), and a short survey (n=54 participants). The project participants were from the University of Arizona’s Department of Nutritional Sciences, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Education Program (SNAP-Ed) and the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP). Participants were asked to participate in one of the session: focus group, interview, or short survey. Results Participants from the focus group and interviews indicated that there was potential for people to be healthy by participating in sustainable diet activities. There also was concern about cost of sustainable diets. Sustainable diets need to be culturally acceptable to get consumers to practice them. Finally, eating seasonally was important component of a sustainable diet. If nutrition educators were asked to teach sustainable diets to others many felt they need more information or resources on sustainable diets or need to research the topic. Participants in the short surveys indicated concerns about costs, nutritional adequacy and showed mixed results when asked about what foods would be part of a sustainable diet. Educators who took the survey also showed great interest in having more education to learn about sustainable diets. Conclusions Nutrition educators have concerns about sustainable diets, such as being nutritionally adequate and affordable to all people. Educators in the focus group and interviews showed that there is potential for people to be healthy by following sustainable dietary practices, like gardening. However, there seemed to be a need for more education on sustainable diets. Nutrition educators have limited knowledge of sustainable diets. Some have an idea of what sustainable diets are, while others have stated that they have not heard of sustainable diets. Nutrition educators surveyed show a great interest in attending a seminar, if offered, on this topic. In summary, sustainable diets are gaining attention of nutrition educators, especially if sustainability and food become part of the new dietary guidelines. A need for providing sustainable diet education to nutrition educators will be part of the future. Further research on knowledge of nutrition educators on different components of sustainable diets and development of an educational curriculum is necessary.
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Slegtenhorst, Sonja. "Antioxidant intake in paediatric oncology patients." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18050.
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Thesis (MNutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: The role of antioxidants and adequate nutrition in the prevention and course of
cancer treatment is globally recognised in nullifying the effects of free radicals and increasing the
nutritional status of children during treatment.
Objective: To investigate whether children with cancer meet their Dietary Reference Values and
Safe Intakes for antioxidants, energy and protein.
Design: Single centre prospective study.
Setting: Children were recruited from the East of England Primary Treatment Centre using
convenience sampling over 8 months. Forty-two children and adolescents diagnosed with a Solid
tumour, Lymphoma or Leukaemia were eligible for data analysis (n=20 male; n=22 female).
Method: Data was collected with an Estimated Food Record (EFR) in the 1st (EFR1) and 3rd month
(EFR2) post-diagnosis. In the week following EFR completion, parents and/or children were
contacted to complete four non-consecutive days of 24-hr food recalls. Data was categorised into
diet alone, diet + food supplement (FS), tube feeding (tube) or diet + multi-vitamin-mineral
supplementation (VMS). Malnutrition was determined by weight-for-age z-scores. Nutrient intake
was compared to the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI), the Estimated Average Requirements
(EAR) and the Lower Recommended Nutrient Intake (LRNI).
Result: The sample consisted of 33% (n=14) diagnosed with Leukaemia, 24% (n=10) with
Lymphoma and 43% (n=18) with Solid tumours. Sixty seven percent (n=28) underwent
chemotherapy and 33% (n=14) a combination of therapies. Significant correlations were seen
between the assessment tools in the diet alone category for both months for; vitamins A, C, E,
selenium and protein and for EFR1 for zinc and energy. In both months greater numbers of
children achieved ≥100% of requirements for diet + VMS (EFR 1; p<0.05; EFR2 p<0.05) than for
other feeding modes. Vitamin C achieved the highest intakes compared to the RNI at 773%
(EFR1) and 829% (EFR2). Intakes above 200% of the RNI were seen for vitamins A, C, E,
selenium and zinc. No significant differences were seen between modes of feeding in either month
for selenium or zinc. Vitamin A (EFR1≤ 100% diet alone p<0.05) and zinc (EFR1≤ 100% diet alone
p=0.02) met the least of the LRNI in the 1st month compared to other antioxidants. No statistical
significant difference was observed between the number of children attaining their EAR’s between
the 3 modes of feeding in the 1st month and 3rd month. In the 1st month 27% (n=8) of participants
consumed vitamin and/or mineral supplements, 18% in the 3rd month (n=4). In the 1st month 5%
(n=2) of children were moderately malnourished and 10% (n=4) in 3rd month. Conversely in the 1st
month 3% (n=1) were overweight and 3% (n=1) obese; the leukaemia group predominant.
Conclusion: The research tools showed good correlation. Children using vitamin and/or mineral
supplements mostly achieved their RNI’s compared to other feeding modes. Across feeding modes
some children achieved antioxidant intakes above 200% RNI. LRNI’s on diet alone were not achieved for vitamin A and zinc. The study showed Leukaemics as having a higher prevalence of
obesity. More research is required to determine the clinical implications of these findings.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond: Die rol van anti-oksidante en voldoende voeding in die voorkoming en verloop van
kanker behandeling word wêreldwyd erken vir vernietiging van die effek van vry radikale en die
verbetering van voedingstatus van kinders tydens behandeling.
Doelwit: Om ondersoek in te stel of kinders met kanker hul Dieet Verwysingswaardes en Veilige
Innames vir anti-oksidante, energie en proteïen bereik.
Ontwerp: Enkel sentrum prospektiewe studie.
Omgewing: Kinders was gewerf deur middel van gerieflikheidsteekproefneming oor 8 maande
vanaf die “East of England Primary Treatment Centre”. Twee-en-veertig kinders en adolessente
gediagnoseer met 'n Soliede tumor, Limfoom of Leukemie het in aanmerking gekom vir dataanalise
(n=20 manlik, n=22 vroulik).
Metode: Data was ingesamel met ‘n Geskatte Voedsel Rekord (GVR) in die eerste (GVR1) en
derde maand (GVR2) na diagnose. In die week na voltooiing van die GVR is ouers en/of kinders
gekontak om vier onopeenvolgende dae van 24-uur herroepe te voltooi. Data was verdeel in dieet
alleen, dieet + voedsel supplement (VS), buisvoeding (buis) of dieet + multi-vitamien-mineraal
supplementasie (VMS). Wanvoeding was bepaal deur middel van gewig-vir-ouderdom z-tellings.
Nutriënt inname was vergelyk met die Aanbevole Nutriënt Inname (ANI), die Geskatte Gemiddelde
Behoeftes (GGB) en die Laer Aanbevole Nutriënt Inname (LANI).
Resultate: Die steekproef het bestaan uit 33% (n=14) gediagnoseer met Leukemie, 24% (n=10)
Limfoom en 43% (n=18) Soliede tumore. Sewe-en-sestig persent (n=28) het chemoterapie ontvang
en 33% (n=14) ‘n kombinasie van terapieë. Betekenisvolle korrelasies was waargeneem tussen
die assesseringsinstrumente in die dieet alleen kategorie vir beide maande vir vitamiene A, C, E,
selenium en proteïen en vir GVR1 ook vir sink en energie. In beide maande het ‘n groter aantal
kinders ≥100% van hul behoeftes bereik vr dieet+VMS (GVR1; p<0.05; GVR2 p<0.05) as vir ander
modi van voeding. Vitamien C het die hoogste innames bereik vergeleke met die ANI teen 773%
(GVR1) en 829% (GVR2). Innames bo 200% van die ANI was waargeneem vir vitamiene A, C, E,
selenium en sink. Geen betekenisvolle verskille was waargeneem tussen modi van voeding in
enige maand vir selenium en sink nie. Vitamien A (GVR1≤100% dieet alleen p<0.05) en sink
(GVR1≤100% dieet alleen p=0.02) het die minste van die LANI bereik in die eerste maand
vergeleke met ander anti-oksidante. Geen statisties beduidende verskil was waargeneem tussen
die aantal kinders wat hul GGB’s bereik het tussen die 3 voedingswyses in die eerste en derde
maande nie. In die eerste maand het 27% (n=8) van deelnemers vitamien en/of mineraal
supplemente ingeneem, en 18% (n=4) in die derde maand. In die eerste maand was 5% (n=2) van
kinders matig wangevoed en 10% (n=4) in die derde maand. In die eerste maand was 3% (n=1)
van kinders oorgewig en 3% (n=1) vetsugtig, die leukemie groep spesifiek.
Gevolgtrekking: Die navorsingsinstrumente het goeie korrelasie getoon. Kinders wat vitamien
en/of mineraal supplemente gebruik het het meestal hul ANI’s bereik vergeleke met ander modi van voeding. Oor voeding modi het sommige kinders anti-oksidant innames bo 200% ANI bereik.
LANI’s op dieet alleen was nie bereik vir Vitamien A en sink nie. Hierdie studie het aangetoon dat
dié met Leukemia ‘n hoër prevalensie van oorgewig/vetsug getoon het. Meer navorsing is nodig
om die kliniese implikasies van die bevindinge te bepaal.
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Larsson, Carina, and Paula Melander. "Nutrition och äldre : Distriktssköterskans/sjuksköterskans attityd till nutrition i omvårdnaden av äldre." Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Health Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-310.
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<p>Syftet: Avsikten med denna studie var att belysa distriktssköterskans/sjuksköterskansattityd till nutrition i omvårdnad av äldre över 65 år med hemtjänst.Metod: Utifrån ostrukturerade fokusgruppsintervjuer fick sjuksköterskor i enkommun i Mellansverige diskutera nutrition som ett omvårdnadsproblem utifrån ettpatientfall. Intervjuerna analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.Resultat: Analysen resulterade i fyra teman, medvetenhet om personens behov,ansvar för den andre, kunskap om att möta behoven samt relationsetik.Sjuksköterskorna förmedlade en positiv syn på att arbeta med nutrition och de hadeen stor förståelse för vilka konsekvenser ett för dåligt energiintag har på den äldresvälbefinnande. De upplevde att de har ett stort ansvar och tillräckligt med kunskapför att möta nutritionsproblemen i omvårdnaden. De anser att alla äldre har ett egetval så hänsyn måste visas och respekt måste tas för deras vilja när det gäller nutrition,vården kring den enskilde måste vara den bästa tänkbara.Slutsats: Studien visar att sjuksköterskorna tar ett stort ansvar i nutritionsfrågorna.Allt från att tillgodose individens enskilda behov till att lära ut och stötta övrigpersonal i vården. Sjuksköterskorna upplever att de har den rätta kunskapen för attkunna hantera nutritionsproblem i vården. Kunskapen har ökat de senaste åren.Denna kunskap anser författarna ligger till grund för sjuksköterskans positiva syn tillnutrition i omvårdnaden.</p><br><p>Aim: The aim of this study was to illuminate the nurse’s attitudes to nutrition whencaring elderly people over 65 years of age in their homes.Method: With unstructured interviews in focus groups the nurses discussed nutritionas a care problem from a patient’s situation. The interviews were analysed withcontent analysis.Result: The analyse resulted in four subjects, awareness of the persons needs,responsibility for the other, knowledge of meeting needs and relations ethics. Thenurses had a positive attitude to work with nutrition tasks and they had a greatunderstanding for the consequences of a low energy intake and how it will influencethe wellness of the elderly. They experienced that they had a big responsibility andenough knowledge to meet the nutrition problems in the care of the elderly. Theyconsidered that the elderly had their own choice, consideration and respect must beenshown for their own wish when it comes to nutrition. The care always must be of thehighest quality for the single person.Conclusion: The study showed that the nurses had a great responsibility in nutritionquestions. That means everything from providing the individuals needs to educateand support the staff in the care. The nurses experienced they had the adequateknowledge to handle the nutrition problems in the care. The knowledge aboutnutrition among the nursing staff tends to increase in the past years. This knowledgethe authors consider be the basis of positive attitude to nutrition among the nursesinterviewed.</p>
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Bermudez, Maria Guadalupe. "The effect of nutrition education on the nutrition knowledge of college athletes." FIU Digital Commons, 1991. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1768.
Full textAbstract:
The relationship between nutrition and athletic performance has become a topic of increasing interest in college athletics. This study assessed the effect of nutrition education on the nutrition knowledge and dietary adequacy of female and male college athletes through a pre-test/post-test, control group design. Six weekly lessons were offered to the experimental groups. For female athletes, a two sample t-test indicated significant differences on gain scores for the experimental group (p
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Chieppa, Joanne. "The effectiveness of nutrition education on nutrition knowledge of female college athletes." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1240.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 53 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 32-34).
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Selvakumar, Divya Lakshmi. "Relationships between a Prenatal Nutrition Education Intervention and Maternal Nutrition in Ethiopia." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1551.
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In Ethiopia, 17% of pregnant women ages 18-49 are malnourished and have low awareness of prenatal nutrition, which may relate to increasingly high rates of maternal and infant mortality. The purpose of this mixed methods research study was to determine the effects of a community-based prenatal nutrition education intervention program on maternal nutrition knowledge and attitudes in the Alaje district of Ethiopia. The theoretical framework was Sen's capability theory of poverty, in which opportunities can lead to well-being and promote economic development. Research questions focused on the relationships among 8 independent variables-age, income source, degree of program implementation, marital status, education, number of pregnancies, number of children, and occupation-with respect to maternal nutrition knowledge and attitudes. Health workers recruited 135 pregnant and non-pregnant women in each of 2 villages: Dejen (control village) and Takha (experimental village), totaling 270 participants. The community intervention program was an add-on to the Ethiopian government's nutrition program and provided information on portion sizes, the importance of eating an extra meal each day, and obtaining adequate rest during pregnancy. Data from customized pretest and posttest focus groups and surveys were collected. Focus groups were analyzed manually and surveys were analyzed using 1-way ANOVAs and descriptive statistical analyses. The key findings were that the women in Takha had significantly greater knowledge of the importance of prenatal health requirements. The implications for positive social change include recommendations for policy makers about proper dietary practices in order to improve pregnancy outcomes related to maternal malnutrition.
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Parsons, Emma Louise. "Nutritional screening and the effects of oral nutrition support on clinical outcomes : a randomised trial of oral nutrition supplements versus dietary advice in care homes." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/416619/.
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Araujo, Lage Luis Paulo. "Programmation nutritionnelle de la crevette du Pacifique à pattes blanches Litopaneus vannamei." Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU3006/document.
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Ce travail de thèse a eu pour objectif de tester pour la première fois le concept de programmation nutritionnelle chez la crevette Litopaneus vannamei. La première question était de savoir à quel moment le stimulus précoce devait se faire lors du développement de la crevette. Dans ce but, nous avons déterminé deux fenêtres de développement (stades protozoea et post-larvae) pendant lesquelles la plasticité moléculaire pour le métabolisme semblait optimale (publication n°1). La deuxième question portait sur le choix du stimulus environnemental que nous voulions utiliser. Nous avons pris comme stimulus nutritionnel la restriction de la prise alimentaire (restriction énergétique) sachant que ce stimulus pouvait avoir des impacts forts sur le métabolisme de l’adulte chez de nombreuses espèces animales. Nous avons pu démontrer qu’une restriction alimentaire de 40 % (40% de baisse de quantité d’aliment distribuée) dans la phase protozoe (4 jours) et de 70% dans la phase post-larvae (3 jours) était réalisable sans que cela n’induise de baisse de survie et de pertes de performances de croissance des animaux. La restriction alimentaire au stade protozoe n’a pas permis d’observer à long terme des modifications des performances de croissance et du métabolisme (au niveau moléculaire) (publication n°3). Par contre, la restriction alimentaire au stade post-larvae a été un succès concernant la programmation : les performances de croissance, l’utilisation des aliments (avec différents ratios de protéines/glucides) et le métabolisme (au niveau moléculaire) ont été (positivement) affectés par le stimulus précoce chez les animaux juvéniles (publication n°2). Nos travaux originaux et prometteurs nous permettent donc d’envisager dans le futur des expériences de programmation précoce (via la nutrition ou autres facteurs environnementaux) afin de piloter la nutrition des crevettes en aquaculture<br>This thesis work aimed to test for the first time the concept of nutritional programming in Litopaneus vannamei shrimp. The first question was when early stimulus should be performed during shrimp development. For this purpose, we determined two developmental windows (protozoea and post-larvae stages) during which the molecular plasticity for the metabolism seemed optimal (publication no. 1). The second question was about choosing the environmental stimulus we wanted to use. We took as nutritional stimulus the feed restriction (energy restriction), reported that this stimulus promotes strong impacts on the metabolism in the adulthood of many species of mammals. We were able to demonstrate that a dietary restriction of 40% (40% reduction in quantity feed allowance than normal) at the protozoea phase (4 days) and 70% in the post-larvae phase (3 days) was suitable without deleterious impacts on survival and growth performance of the animals. The feed restriction at protozoea stage did not show long-term changes in growth performance and metabolism (at the molecular level) (publication no. 3). In contrast, post-larvae the feed restriction was successful for the programming: growth performance, food utilization (with different protein/carbohydrate ratios) and metabolism (at the molecular level) were (positively) affected by the early stimulus during the development (publication no. 2). Our original and promising work allows us to envisage in the future early programming experiments (via nutrition or other environmental factors) to pilot shrimp nutrition in aquaculture
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Harker, A. J. "Nutrition of the sow." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376387.
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Dale, Denver Dudley Stanton. "Parasites and host nutrition." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5bc8aebc-fcfa-4301-8d04-4ebc89fb1c8a.
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Dubois, Marie Hélène. "Nutrition et développement cérébral." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P117.
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Khandpur, Neha. "Creating Healthy Nutrition Environments." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:27201723.
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The home nutrition environment and the consumer nutrition environment present two important settings for addressing the high prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adults. They provide the broader context for the three papers that constitute this dissertation.
Chapters 1 and 2 are situated within the home nutrition environment and further our understanding of the role that fathers play in child feeding. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 fathers and qualitative methods were used to organize and analyze the data. Both papers draw from the same data set. Chapter 1 identified the strategies used by fathers to feed their children or, their food parenting practices. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify 13 responsive practices and 7 unresponsive practices. Differential use of food parenting practices was found by fathers’ education and residential status.
Chapter 2 examined how fathers and mothers co-parent around responsibilities for child feeding tasks and FPPs used. Sixty two percent of the fathers used a variety of approaches to manage planning, procuring and preparing food along with the mother. Co-operative FPPs around structuring, monitoring and organizing the child’s meals were reported by 46% of fathers. Forty percent reported instances of conflicting FPPs regarding access to energy-dense, nutrient-poor snacks and introducing variety in the diet. Dissimilarities in practices were driven by differences in parental eating habits, feeding philosophies and concern for child health. They resulted in the practices of one parent being undermined and in child tantrums or refusal to eat.
Chapter 3 is based within the consumer nutrition environment. The goal of this randomized, controlled, experimental study was to test the influence of different formats for displaying added sugars on consumer understanding, perceptions, and purchase intentions. Amazon’s Mechanical Turk was used to recruit 2,509 U.S adults. Participants were randomized to one of eight display formats and responded to a quiz that assessed study outcomes. Displaying added sugars in relative formats (grams accompanied by high/medium/low text, % DV, or the combination of the two) led to the most accurate understanding of added sugars content and judgments about product healthfulness. None of the eight display formats impacted purchase intentions.
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Jensen, Emma. "Artificiell Nutrition i hemmet." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-36105.
Full textAbstract:
Bakgrund: Patienter som vårdas med enteral eller parenteral nutrition har blivit mer förekommande i vården. Att sjuksköterskan hade hög kompetens gällande artificiell nutrition, kunde vara avgörande för hur patienterna kunde själva hantera problem som uppstod i samband med infusionen i hemmet. Syfte: är att beskriva patienters upplevelse av sitt dagliga liv med enteral eller parenteral nutrition i hemmet. Metod. Allmän litteraturöversikt med beskrivande design. Tio artiklar med kvalitativa och kvantitativa ansatser har inkluderats. Resultat: Social isolering, tidskrävande, biverkningar och nedsatta funktioner är upplevelser som kopplas ihop med att ha artificiell nutrition i hemmet. Välbefinnande är något som kan upplevas om patienterna får hjälp att hantera dom negativa aspekterna med artificiell nutrition. Slutsats: Genom att belysa patienternas upplevelser av att leva med artificiell nutrition i hemmet kan sjuksköterskorna lindra lidande och främja hälsa.
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McKenzie, Kirsty. "Cardiometabolic disease and nutrition." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26926.
Full textAbstract:
Cardiovascular disease remains one of the leading causes of death globally. Conflicting information regarding optimal nutritional intake and balance for cardiometabolic health has often led to confusion and lack of expert consensus. The precise nutritional profile and dietary patterns for optimal cardiovascular health are yet to be elucidated. This PhD covers a broad range of topics and aspects relating to cardiometabolic health. Chapter 1 explores maternal nutritional status during pregnancy, as it is a powerful contributor to the intrauterine environment and may alter offspring physiology and later life cardiometabolic risk. Therefore, we sought to determine whether maternal dietary carbohydrate quantity and/or quality during pregnancy are associated with newborn body composition and cardiac autonomic function. In chapter 2 we conducted a systematic review to determine the effect of medium-chain triglyceride oil on blood lipids. Dietary saturated fat raises total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. However, it is unclear whether these effects differ by the fatty acid chain length of saturated fats. In chapter 3 we designed a pilot study aimed to investigate the acute postprandial effects of two different meals on flow-mediated dilation (FMD), using a randomised cross-over design. FMD is a non-invasive marker of arterial endothelial function, and the vascular endothelium is involved in early atherogenic events and regulating vascular tone. For chapter 5 we sought to determine if improved gum health resulting from periodontal intervention in Indigenous Australians with chronic kidney disease would increase consumption of healthier foods and have reciprocal benefits for carotid atherosclerosis. Collectively, our findings presented in this thesis provide a rational basis for appropriately powered studies investigating the impacts of dietary composition, and dietary patterns on the cardiometabolic health of individuals throughout the life course.
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Vickery, Karen. "Nutrition of kangaroo young." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1986. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28561.
Full textAbstract:
The study presented in this thesis is origina] and was compieted by the author. a post—graduate student in the
Department of Animal Husbandry. University of Sydney. New South Wales. Austra1ia. under the supervision of Dr. D.M. Waiker.
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Supakamnerd, Nantarat. "Sulphur nutrition of peanut." Thesis, Supakamnerd, Nantarat (1991) Sulphur nutrition of peanut. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1991. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/51900/.
Full textAbstract:
Three glasshouse trials were conducted to examine the effects of sulphur (S) deficiency on growth and development of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. cv. White Spanish) on a sandy soil of low fertility. In the first experiment, the relationship between total sulphur concentration in plant parts and vegetative shoot yield was investigated at a range of developmental stages and criteria for diagnosing sulphur deficiency and predicting seed yield were obtained. In a second trial, the effect of nitrogen source (inorganic and biologically fixed nitrogen) on the response of peanut to sulphur fertilization and critical sulphur concentrations for diagnosis of sulphur deficiency and prognosis of seed yield were examined. Timing of sulphur application to correct sulphur deficiency symptoms and to increase seed yield was examined in a third trial.
Sulphur deficiency symptoms (yellowing of leaves) first appeared in young leaves and spread to older leaves when plants were severely deficient. Both vegetative shoot and reproductive dry matter yields were depressed by sulphur deficiency. Furthermore, the number of reproductive parts (pegs and pods), individual seed dry weight and seed sulphur concentrations were reduced in sulphur deficient plants.
Nitrogen source did not affect the expression of sulphur deficiency symptoms, plant growth or sulphur concentrations in reproductive parts. Although sulphur concentrations in the older parts of the stem were elevated in plants supplied with ammonium nitrate, critical sulphur concentrations in young leaves were not affected by nitrogen treatment.
Generally, critical sulphur concentrations in leaves for diagnosis and prognosis of sulphur deficiency declined with plant age. Sulphur concentrations in the young open leaf (YOL) and the youngest fully expanded leaf (YFEL) accurately reflected the sulphur status of the plant. However, the YFEL was chosen, in preference to the YOL, as an index tissue because it is more easily recognised in the field.
Critical sulphur concentrations in the YFEL, derived from hand-fitted curves, for diagnosis of sulphur deficiency of peanut plants were 0.22-0.23% S at pod formation and 0.15-0.18% S at early pod filling. Critical sulphur concentrations in the YFEL for predicting seed yield at early pod filling were 0.25-0.28% S at flowering and 0.23% S at pod formation. These critical sulphur concentrations, for both diagnosis and prognosis, were generally in agreement with the critical sulphur concentrations, corresponding with 90% maximum yield, derived from the Smith and Dolby two-phase linear procedure.
Critical total N/total S ratios [(N/S)t] in the YFEL for diagnosis of sulphur deficiency in inoculated peanut plants were 18 at pod formation and 17 at early pod filling, whereas the critical (N/S), ratios for predicting seed yield at early pod filling were 9 at flowering and 15 at pod formation. However, because the (N/S)t ratios were not always closely correlated with yield and varied with both sulphur and nitrogen supplies, it is recommended that diagnosis and prognosis of the sulphur status of peanut plants be determined from total sulphur concentrations in the YFEL.
Topdressing with sulphur either at pegging or late pod filling strongly stimulated vegetative shoot dry matter production in sulphur deficient plants but it did not further enhance growth in sulphur adequate plants. Furthermore, sulphur deficient plants which received a topdressing of sulphur at pegging absorbed so much sulphur that young leaves developed necrotic symptoms along the leaf margins and sulphur concentrations in these leaves were extremely high (about 1% S, mostly as sulphate sulphur). However, necrosis did not occur on young leaves of sulphur deficient plants which received a split dose of sulphur at late pod filling or on plants supplied with adequate sulphur.
During development of reproductive organs, there was little net redistribution of sulphur from vegetative shoots to reproductive parts. Thus, the sulphur demand by the developing seeds was met by uptake of sulphur from the soil, possibly through the pericarps as well as the roots. Early topdressing with sulphur at pegging to sulphur deficient plants enhanced reproductive growth allowing them to produce up to about 80% of the seed yield in plants continuously supplied with adequate sulphur. Later application of sulphur, at late pod filling, was less effective in restoring seed yield.
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Molnar, Joseph Andrew, Mary Jane Underdown, and W. Andrew Clark. "Nutrition and Chronic Wounds." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2496.
Full textAbstract:
Significance: Nutrition is one of the most basic of medical issues and is often ignored as a problem in the management of our chronic wound patients. Unfortunately, malnutrition is widespread in our geriatric patients even in nursing homes in developed countries. Attention to basic nutrition and providing appropriate supplements may assist in the healing of our chronic wounds.
Recent Advances: Recent research has revealed the epidemiology of malnutrition in developed countries, the similarities to malnutrition in developing countries, and some of the physiologic and sociologic causes for this problem. More information is now available on the biochemical effects of nutrient deficiency and supplementation with macronutrients and micronutrients. In some cases, administration of isolated nutrients beyond recommended amounts for healthy individuals may have a pharmacologic effect to help wounds heal.
Critical Issues: Much of the knowledge of the nutritional support of chronic wounds is based on information that has been obtained from trauma management. Due to the demographic differences of the patients and differences in the physiology of acute and chronic wounds, it is not logical to assume that all aspects of nutritional support are identical in these patient groups. Before providing specific nutritional supplements, appropriate assessments of patient general nutritional status and the reasons for malnutrition must be obtained or specific nutrient supplementation will not be utilized.
Future Directions: Future research must concentrate on the biochemical and physiologic differences of the acute and chronic wounds and the interaction with specific supplements, such as antioxidants, vitamin A, and vitamin D.
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Lewu, Muinat Nike. "Studies on the nutritional value of seven accessions of cocoyam growing in South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1001054.
Full textAbstract:
Cocoyam [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] is widely cultivated as a staple food in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The crop, however, remains unpopular and not well known outside KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa where it is cultivated mainly for subsistence. The aims of the study were to collect local landraces (accessions) of the crop from where it is found growing within the country for various studies and also to document its nutritional values as well as the safety/toxicity of the crop. The study was carried out using various methods. These included a comparative assessment of the proximate, mineral and antinutrient compositions of cooked and uncooked tubers of a typical commercially available cocoyam and potato found in South African markets. These investigations were repeated for the tubers and leaves of available landraces (seven accessions) of C. esculenta found growing in the farmers’ fields in KwaZulu-Natal Province. Also, an in vivo toxicological study on cooked accessions of the local landraces was conducted to determine possible toxicity effects after consumption using albino rats as a model. The results revealed that commercially available cocoyam and potato tubers have very close nutritional components. Analysis of the proximate composition of seven accessions (UFCe1- UFCe7) of cooked and uncooked tubers of cocoyam indicated that UFCe7 was better in ash, crude protein, crude fibre and crude lipid contents but with higher moisture which could make it more vulnerable to microbial attack. No tubers of the seven accessions appeared to be ii outstandingly better than the others based on their mineral compositions. However, in terms of antinutritional factors, UFCe1, UFCe3 and UFCe7 had the least amounts of oxalate, tannins and phytate in their cooked states. It was discovered however, that the leaves of the accessions of this vegetable contain substantial amount of minerals, and therefore, can contribute significantly to the nutrient requirements of humans and could be recommended as a cheap source of nutrients in South Africa. None of the accessions was outstandingly better than the others in terms of their mineral contents and anti-nutritional factors. Moreover, the current study has shown that boiling the leaves of cocoyam prior to consumption is an effective way of reducing the antinutrient contents of the leaves of the plant thereby making it safe for consumption. The findings also revealed that cooking C. esculenta leaves may increase the levels of protein, fibre and lipid contents while cooking may also decrease the mineral, carbohydrate and caloric contents of the leaves of the accessions. The leafy vegetable may, therefore, be recommended as a cheap source of plant protein. Cooking improved the nutritive value as a result of the reduction in antinutrient levels, thereby improving the food quality in all the tuber and leaf samples used for this study. At the same time, cooked samples also suffered loss of some nutrients with respect to the proximate and mineral compositions. However, supplementation from other food sources that are rich in these nutrients is necessary when these crops are cooked for consumption. Any of the cocoyam accessions may be recommended for consumption for improved protein and mineral nutrients while tubers of accession UFCe7 have also shown good promise in terms of protein and fibre content availability. The results of the in vivo study, using the liver and kidney functional endpoints of weanling albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) maintained on different accessions of cooked cocoyam-based iii diets (UFCe1-UFCe7) for 28 days, revealed that all the accessions produced selective alterations on the hepatorenal indices of weanling rats. The highest alterations were produced by UFCe4 while the least was from UFCe2. These alterations may have consequential effects on the normal functioning of the liver and kidney of the animals. The UFCe2 exhibited the least toxicity risk among the accessions of C. esculenta growing in KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa.
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Lombard, Louise Ann. "Body composition of rheumatoid arthritis patients and their perceptions and practices regarding diet, nutritional supplements and other treatments." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17941.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MNutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2011<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation of
the joints and surrounding tissue causing pain, swelling and stiffness. Studies suggest that aspects of the
diet may alleviate symptoms and decrease the risk of complications. The scientific basis for a role of dietary
therapy in RA has grown although there is still no consensus on the optimum diet. It has been shown that
persons with RA tend to have a poor nutritional status; and rheumatoid cachexia, the loss of body cell mass,
occurs in nearly two-thirds of all patients with RA. The study aimed to establish what RA patients are
practicing and their perceptions regarding the effect of diet, nutritional supplements, medication and
complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) and therapies on their symptoms as well as determining
their body composition and the possible presence of rheumatoid cachexia.
Methodology
The study design was a cross-sectional study with an analytical component. The study population consisted
of adult (18 years or older) RA patients in the Cape Metropole from the private and public sector. An
interviewer-administered questionnaire was used followed by the measurement of weight, height, waist
circumference and skinfold thickness. Information was also gathered from the medical records.
Results
The sample size comprised of 251 RA patients (n=201 public sector; n=50 private sector). The mean body
mass index (BMI) was 30.3 kg/m2 for females and 26.6 kg/m2 for males. BMI was used to classify obesity
(n=133; 45.9%), overweight (n=66; 26.8%), normal weight (n=63; 25.6%) and underweight (n=4; 1.6%).
Waist circumference measurement classifications showed a substantially increased risk for metabolic
complications in 51.8% of participants (n=127) and an increased risk in 21.2% of participants (n=52). Just
over half of the participants (n=65; 55.6%) had an unhealthy high body fat percentage classification.
Rheumatoid cachexia was seen in 10.3% participants (n=12). Low fat-free mass (Fat-free mass index <10th
percentile) was seen in 21% participants (n=24) and obesity (Fat mass index >90th percentile) was seen in
27% of participants (n=31). Twenty nine percent of participants (n=73) believed that certain types of food
could improve their symptoms of RA and 60% of participants (n=151) believed that certain foods worsened
their symptoms. Sixty four percent of participants (n=161) thought that nutritional supplements or
complementary and alternative medicines and therapies could improve their symptoms of RA and 98%
(n=246) of participants used nutritional supplements. The most frequently used supplements included folic
acid (n=218; 91.6%), calcium (n=182; 76.5%), vitamin D (n=185; 77.7%), omega-3 fatty acids (n=48; 64.9%)
and multivitamin and mineral preparations (n=22; 29.7%).
Conclusion
The obesity and waist circumference figures were unacceptably elevated in this population and the body
composition of these RA patients should be highlighted as a concern. The high prevalence of risk factors for
cardiovascular disease (CVD) need to be urgently addressed since CVD is the leading cause of mortality in
RA patients. This study highlights the important role of the intra-professional team, including the dietitian, in
the management of RA patients.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding
Rumatoïede artritis (RA) is 'n chroniese, inflammatoriese, outo-immuun siekte wat gekenmerk word deur
inflammasie van die gewrigte en omliggende weefsel en veroorsaak pyn, swelling en styfheid. Studies dui
daarop dat aspekte van die dieet simptome kan verlig en die risiko van komplikasies kan verminder. Die
wetenskaplike basis vir die rol van dieetterapie in RA het gegroei, hoewel daar nog geen konsensus
aangaande die optimale dieet is nie. Dit is al bewys dat persone met RA geneig is om 'n swak voedingstatus
te hê; en rumatoïede cachexia, die verlies van liggaam selmassa in byna twee-derdes van alle pasiënte
met RA voorkom. Die doel van die studie was om te bepaal wat RA-pasiënte se praktyke en persepsies
ten opsigte van die uitwerking van dieet, voedselaanvullings, medikasie en aanvullende of alternatiewe
medisyne (CAM) en terapieë op hul simptome het, sowel as om hul liggaamsamestelling en die moontlike
teenwoordigheid van rumatoïede cachexia te bepaal.
Metodiek
Die studie ontwerp was 'n dwarssnitstudie met 'n analitiese komponent. Die studiepopulasie het bestaan uit
volwassene (18 jaar of ouer) RA pasiënte uit die privaat en openbare sektore in die Kaapse Metropool.
Onderhoude was gevoer met behulp van vraelyste. Gewig, lengte, middelomtrek en velvoudikte was ook
gemeet. Inligting was ook versamel uit mediese rekords.
Resultate
Die steekproefgrootte het uit 251 RA pasiënte (n=201 openbare sektor, n=50 privaat sektor) bestaan. Die
gemiddelde liggaamsmassa-indeks (LMI) was 30.3 kg/m2 vir vroue en 26.6 kg/m2 vir mans. LMI was gebruik
om vetsug te klassifiseer (n=133; 45.9%), asook oorgewig (n=66; 26.8%), normale gewig (n=63; 25.6%) en
ondergewig (n=4; 1.6%). Klassifikasie van middelomtrek metings het 'n aansienlike verhoogde risiko vir
metaboliese komplikasies in 51.8% van die deelnemers (n=127) en 'n verhoogde risiko in 21.2% van die
deelnemers (n=52) getoon. Net meer as die helfte van die deelnemers (n=65; 55.6%) het 'n ongesonde hoë
liggaamsvet persentasie klassifikasie getoon. Rumatoïede cachexia was by 10.3% van die deelnemers
(n=12) gevind. Lae vetvrye massa (vetvrye massa indeks <10de persentiel) was by 21% deelnemers (n=24)
en vetsug (vet massa indeks >90ste persentiel) in 27% van die deelnemers (n=31) teenwoordig. Nege-entwintig
persent van die deelnemers (n=73) het geglo dat sekere voedselsoorte hul simptome van RA kon
verbeter en 60% van die deelnemers (n=151) was van mening dat sekere kosse die simptome kon vererger.
Vier-en-sestig persent van die deelnemers (n=161) het gedink dat voedingsaanvullings of aanvullende en
alternatiewe medisyne en terapieë hulle simptome van RA kon verbeter en 98% (n=246) van die deelnemers
het voedingsaanvullings gebruik. Die mees algemene gebruikte aanvullings was foliensuur (n=218; 91.6%),
kalsium (n=182; 76.5%), vitamien D (n=185; 77.7%), omega-3 vetsure (n=48, 64,9%) en multi-vitamien en
mineraal preparate (n=22; 29.7%).
Gevolgtrekking
Die vetsug en middelomtrek syfers was onaanvaarbaar verhoog in die studiepopulasie en die
liggaamsamestelling van hierdie RA pasiënte is 'n bekommernis. Die hoë voorkoms van risikofaktore vir
kardiovaskulêre siekte (KVS) moet dringend aangespreek word, aangesien die KVS die grootste oorsaak
van sterfte in RA pasiënte is. Hierdie studie beklemtoon die belangrike rol van die intra-professionele span,
met inbegrip van die dieetkundige, in die bestuur van RA pasiënte.
42
Van, Zyl Elizma. "Glutamine supplementation in oncology : a systematic review." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5198.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MNutr (Interdisciplinary Health Sciences. Human Nutrition))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: See full text for abstract<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sien volteks vir opsomming
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Stewart, Julianne. "The Effect of Computer-Assisted Nutrition Education on Nutrition Knowledge, Nutrition Status, Dietary Compliance, and Quality of Life of Hemodialysis Patients." DigitalCommons@USU, 1992. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5392.
Full textAbstract:
This study was conducted to assess the effect of nutrition education utilizing computerized dietary analysis on nutrition knowledge, dietary compliance, nutrition status, and quality of life in hemodialysis patients. Twenty patients of the Bonneville Dialysis Center in Ogden, Utah voluntarily agreed to participate in this six-month study. All participants completed quality of life assessments, the Beck Depression Inventory© (BDI), and a nutrition knowledge assessment pre- and post-study. Patients in the treatment group (n=12) completed monthly 3-day food records which were analyzed by Computrition® nutrient analysis software. Results were discussed with the patients during one-on-one education sessions. Control patients (n=8) completed 3-day food records pre- and poststudy. Monitoring parameters included: nutrition-related laboratory data, kinetic modeling data, weights, and percent body fat, using Futrex® near infrared interactance. Dietary components followed were: protein, calories, sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus. Multivariant analysis of variance was used for statistical comparisons.
Weight and percent body fat were relatively stable throughout the study period for both groups. The treatment group's nutrition knowledge improved as measured by pre- and post-study test scores. Nutrient intakes showed no significant changes except for calorie intake, which decreased in the treatment group. The treatment group's intake of other analyzed nutrients showed declining trends, which were not statistically significant.
Serum albumin and total protein increased in both groups. Average serum cholesterol levels decreased in the treatment group. Serum potassium levels did not change significantly. Serum phosphorus increased in the treatment group. However, this did not appear to be caused by increased dietary phosphorus intake. Kinetic modeling data showed a significant increase in protein catabolic rate of experimental subjects. Protein catabolic rates (PCR) are an indicator of dietary protein intakes in maintenance hemodialysis patients.
The treatment group showed improvement in the alertness behavior area of the Sickness Impact Profile© (SIP). The control group declined in the recreation and pastimes area of the SIP. No significant changes were observed in the BDI.
These results indicate that computerized dietary analysis is an effective instruction tool, is helpful in improving dietary protein intake as measured by PCR, and may contribute to improved quality of life of hemodialysis patients.
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Andersson, Kraft Emelie, and Linda Alderborg. "Nutritionspolicyn på en kirurgavdelning : En utvärdering av följsamheten till riktlinjerna." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-153799.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Balance between the essential nutritive substances is important for a person to maintain health. The surgical patient can be stricken with conditions, which have a negative impact on this balance and can lead to malnutrition. Working as a nurse it is important to identify patients that are malnourished or is in the risk zone of malnourishment since 30 % of all patients in hospitals are malnourished. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the compliance to the guidelines for nutritional assessment and parenteral nutrition on a surgical ward. Also whether the nutritional treatment/-support was reported to the next caregivers if the patient was malnourished or was in the risk zone of malnourishment at the time of discharge. Method: 80 patients enrolled on the ward in the beginning of year 2011 were included. Audit of patient records was made according to the hospital guidelines for nutrition and parenteral nutrition and followed a study specific protocol. Results: The examination of the case records showed that the guidelines for nutrition were partly complied with. Nutritional treatment/-support was reported to the next caregivers when needed. Compliance to the guidelines for parenteral nutrition was deficient. Conclusion: The guidelines for nutritional assessment and parenteral nutrition are not used adequately.<br>Introduktion: En stadig balans mellan de livsviktiga näringsämnena krävs för att en person ska kunna hålla sig frisk och för att kroppen ska fungera. Den kirurgiska patienten kan drabbas av tillstånd som har en negativ inverkan på denna balans och kan riskera att drabbas av malnutrition. Det är viktigt att som sjuksköterska identifiera de patienter som är malnutrierade eller är i riskzonen för att drabbas av malnutrition då 30 % av alla patienter som vårdas på sjukhus är malnutrierade. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om de riktlinjer som finns för nutritionsbedömning och parenteral nutrition följs på en kirurgisk vårdavdelning samt om nutritionsbehandlingen/-stödet rapporteras vidare till nästa vårdform då en malnutrierad patient/riskpatient för malnutrition skrivs ut. Metod: 70 patienter som var inskrivna på den aktuella avdelningen i början av år 2011 inkluderades i studien. En journalgranskning gjordes utifrån ett journalgranskningsprotokoll, där innehållet utgick från de nutritionsriktlinjer som finns för verksamhetsområdet för kirurgi samt riktlinjerna för parenteral nutrition. Resultat: Journalgranskningen visade att de riktlinjer som finns för nutrition följs till viss del. Vad gäller rapportering av nutritionsbehandling/-stöd till nästa vårdgivarform görs detta då det är aktuellt. Följsamheten till riktlinjerna för parenteral nutrition var det som var mest bristfälligt. Slutsats: Riktlinjerna för nutritionsbedömning och parenteral nutrition följs inte i den utsträckning som det borde.
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Nowjack-Raymer, Ruth Emilie. "The impact of dental status on diet, nutrition and nutritional status in U.S.A. adults." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369229.
Full text
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Nhlapo, Nthabiseng. "Hygiene and nutritional content of the National School Nutrition Programme in Bloemfontein, South Africa." Thesis, [Bloemfontein?] : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/180.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Tech. (Environmental Health)) -- Central University of technology, Free State, 2013<br>Malnutrition and concomitant infections are major contributing factors to child morbidity and mortality in developing countries such as South Africa. Globally, children benefiting from school feeding programmes are generally from communities with low socio-economic statuses. The meals provided through feeding schemes, such as the National School Nutrition Programme (NSNP) in South Africa, are aimed at significantly supplementing the beneficiaries’ daily energy and nutrient requirements. The possible nutrient deficiency of meals provided through such programmes compromises the nutritional well-being of children, promotes malnutrition and renders children more susceptible to infectious diseases. Furthermore, illness, particularly caused by diarrhoeal and infectious diseases, is a major factor contributing to child malnutrition as the human body is unable to efficiently digest foods and absorb nutrients during illness. Therefore, the microbiological safety of the foods served to children via feeding schemes is essential. In an effort to contribute towards the safety and wholesomeness of foodstuffs served through the NSNP, the present study was conducted with a view to assess the nutritional quality and safety of the foodstuffs. The knowledge, attitudes and practises (KAP) of food handlers and NSNP representatives/committee members at the schools were also investigated in order to assess origins of potential food contamination.
Data collected via nutritional analyses of meals served to school children were compared to the nutrient-based standards set by the United Kingdom as guidelines for an average school lunch. The carbohydrate, energy, calcium and zinc contents of the school meals were below the standards, the majority of the meals met the protein and iron standards and all meals complied with the standards for lipid and vitamin C contents. During the microbiological analysis study, preparation surfaces yielded higher counts of all detected organisms (total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and yeasts and moulds) compared to the hands of food handlers. Therefore possible sources of contamination may be foodstuffs, animal pests and environmental elements such as dust. However, significant differences of surface microbial counts could not be established (P > 0.05) and thus cross-contamination may have resulted among surfaces, possibly augmented by shortfalls in cleaning regimes. The majority of the participants of the questionnaire survey reportedly washed their hands and cleaned all surfaces several times during the day with water and detergent. In addition, a disinfectant was used by some of the food preparers during cleaning. Furthermore, participants stated that their aprons were washed daily. These claims were in agreement with the findings of the surface microbial study with regards to the hands, however, they did not match the findings of the preparation surfaces which contained the highest counts of total coliforms, E. coli and S. aureus of the three surfaces analysed, and aprons responsible for the highest yeast and mould counts.
Improper storage and food preparation methods, such as the application of high temperatures, excessive exposure to UV light and oxygen, and high moisture conditions, may result in the deterioration of nutrients. Storage conditions which may permit pest infestation may also increase the risk of food-related illnesses and risk could be further elevated by application of improper cleaning and sanitation practices. In order for the NSNP to operate effectively, it is essential that the national and provincial Departments of Basic Education, which are responsible for the overall administration of the NSNP, and schools’ personnel function in an integrated manner through support structures and effective communication. Infrastructural limitations (lack of proper kitchen facilities and ventilation) and shortage of resources while administering the NSNP were the main challenges observed during the present study. Due to these hurdles, adhering to food safety practices and maintaining nutritional quality of foods may be a challenge. Continuous training in personal and general hygiene is also a necessity in preserving food safety. Furthermore, nutritional quality of foodstuffs may be preserved through proper storage practices and application of preparation methods which minimize loss of nutrients.
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Breiter, Abbe Michelle. "Effects of nutrition education on the nutrition knowledge of future aerobic dance instructors." FIU Digital Commons, 1997. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1805.
Full textAbstract:
The effectiveness of nutrition education on the nutrition knowledge of future aerobic instructors was studied. Forty-seven subjects participated in the study. The experimental group (n=31) chose to and paid for a two-hour per week session of structured nutrition education for four weeks, the control group (n=16) did not. A nutrition knowledge test was completed by all subjects before and after the intervention. Results were analyzed for relationships between subject's nutrition knowledge and age, gender, educational background, income, and body mass index. No significant differences were found between the groups. The results showed that prior to any formal nutrition education, fitness instructors in the experimental and control groups had low nutrition knowledge (8.06%±16.4% and 4.38%±4.12%, respectively). Post-intervention nutrition knowledge significantly improved (p
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Barzda, Albertas. "Study and evaluation of actual nutrition and nutrition habits of Lithuanian adult population." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20111102_111244-87383.
Full textAbstract:
There is no doubts that proper and healthy nutrition helps to prevent a number of chronic non-communicable diseases and is one of the key determinants of good health and life quality. The aim of the study is to evaluate the actual nutrition and nutrition habits of Lithuanian adult population. A random sample of 3,000 Lithuanian residents aged from 19 to 65, representing Lithuanian adult population, was set for this study. Nutrition habits were investigated using nutrition questionnaire, food consumption was investigated using 24 hours recall methodology and special Atlas of Foodstuffs and Dishes portion sizes. Presented study is the first case, where the complexed data about the actual nutrition, nutrition habits and BMI of Lithuanian adult population was analyzed and comprehensively evaluated. According to socio-demographic determinants it was examined and evaluated consumption of separate foodstuffs as well as daily intake of nutrients (proteins, fats (including saturated and unsaturated fatty acids), carbohydrates (including sugars), dietary fibers, vitamins, minerals, etc.), and their consistency within the recommendations. There were established trends of changes in Lithuanian adult population nutrition and BMI, as well as links between respondents’ attitude towards some aspects of the nutrition (nutrition impact on health, consumption of fruits and vegetables, consumption of products containing more saturated fatty acids, heavy salt consumption, iodine salt consumption... [to full text]<br>Tinkama ir sveika mityba padeda išvengti daugelio lėtinių neinfekcinių ligų ir yra vienas iš svarbiausių veiksnių, lemiančių žmonių sveikatą ir gyvenimo kokybę. Todėl šio darbo tikslas buvo įvertinti suaugusių Lietuvos gyventojų faktišką mitybą bei mitybos įpročius. Buvo sudaryta atsitiktinė 3000 Lietuvos suaugusių (19–65 m. amžiaus) gyventojų imtis; mitybos įpročiai tirti, naudojant apklausos anketą; faktiškos mitybos tyrimai atlikti pagal standartinę 24 valandų apklausos metodiką, panaudojant specialiai šiam tikslui parengtą Maisto produktų ir patiekalų porcijų nuotraukų atlasą. Disertaciniame darbe pirmą kartą išanalizuoti ir kompleksiškai įvertinti duomenys apie suaugusių Lietuvos gyventojų faktišką mitybą, mitybos įpročius, gyventojų KMI; išnagrinėtas ir įvertintas pagal sociodemografines determinantes atskirų maisto produktų suvartojimas bei su jais gaunami maistinių medžiagų (baltymų, riebalų, tarp jų sočiųjų ir nesočiųjų RR; angliavandenių, tarp jų cukrų, skaidulinių medžiagų, taip pat vitaminų, mineralinių medžiagų ir kt.) kiekiai per parą bei jų atitikimas Rekomenduojamoms paros normoms. Taip pat buvo įvertintos Lietuvos suaugusių gyventojų mitybos ir kūno masės indekso pokyčių tendencijos bei nustatytos mitybos ir mitybos įpročių sąsajos su respondentų požiūriu į tam tikrus mitybos aspektus (mitybos įtaką sveikatai, daržovių ir vaisių vartojimą, produktų, turinčių daugiau sočiųjų riebalų rūgščių, vartojimą, gausų valgomosios druskos vartojimą, joduotos druskos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Forslund, Linda, and Fanny Hillius. "Enteral nutrition : En litteraturstudie om patienters upplevelser av att leva med enteral nutrition." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-39702.
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Waara, James H. "Enteral Nutrition versus Total Parenteral Nutrition for Acute Pancreatitis: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis." The University of Arizona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624775.
Full textAbstract:
Class of 2005 Abstract<br>Objectives: To develop a decision analytic model to compare the clinical and economic outcomes of enteral nutrition (EN) and total parenteral nutritional (TPN) support in acute pancreatitis patients.
Methods: All randomized clinical trials comparing EN and TPN in acute pancreatitis patients published in the medical and pharmacy literature were identified. Six trials were identified by searching MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, HealthStar, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature, and citation review of applicable literature. The costs used for the decision tree were from the perspective of a hospital. A literature based decision tree was formed based from these costs and the probabilities of events from the six identified clinical trials. The TreeAge Pro computer program (TreeAge Software, Inc.; Williamstown, MA) was used to conduct the cost effectiveness analysis. Therapeutic success was considered, for the purposes of the trial, as having no complications.
Results: EN was associated with a lower risk of infections, a reduced length of hospital stay, and fewer surgical interventions. There was no statistical difference in the risk of mortality, adult respiratory distress syndrome or multiple organ failure between groups treated with EN or TPN. The results found that EN dominated TPN by being both less costly and more effective. The average costs for EN and TPN were $46,345 and $73,878, respectively. The success rates were 0.652 and 0.358 for EN and TPN, respectively. Conclusion: Enteral nutrition was the dominant route of administration for nutritional support, when compared to total parenteral nutrition both clinically and economically for acute pancreatitis patients.