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Eugênio Santos, Camila Frigem, and Hércules Lázaro Morais Campos. "Perfil nutricional de idosos do município de Vitória nos anos de 2009 a 2012 por meio do sistema de vigilância alimentar e nutricional (SISVAN®)." Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Saúde/Brazilian Journal of Health Research 20, no. 4 (May 13, 2019): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21722/rbps.v20i4.24599.
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Ahmed, Alawia El Amin Mohammed, and Igbal A. Mageed Ahmed. "Nutrition surveillance in the Sudan: a community-based approach." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2, no. 2 (September 1, 2021): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/1996.2.2.229.
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In 1992, a pilot project for collecting information on the socioeconomic and nutritional status of children and their mothers as part of the early warning system was implemented in two villages in Kassala Province, Sudan. The objectives were to test the feasibility of local participation in socioeconomic and nutritional data collection, analysis and utilization;and to incorporate socioeconomic data into the food and nutrition information system, and examine its usefulness in early warning. The pilot project also included the introduction of new parameters such as adult anthropometry, i. e. body mass index of the mothers of the children seen, to monitor the nutritional status of both children and their mothers at the same time. This led to very interesting results which played a major role in determining the type of intervention needed
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Fitt, Emily, Darren Cole, Nida Ziauddeen, David Pell, Elizabeth Stickley, Anna Harvey, and Alison M. Stephen. "DINO (Diet In Nutrients Out) – an integrated dietary assessment system." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 2 (March 27, 2014): 234–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014000342.
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AbstractObjectiveThe current paper describes Diet In Nutrients Out (DINO), an integrated dietary assessment system incorporating dietary data entry and nutritional analysis within one platform for use in dietary assessment in small-scale intervention studies to national surveys.DesignDINO contains >6000 food items, mostly aggregated composites of branded foods, across thirty-one main food groups divided into 151 subsidiary groups for detailed reporting requirements, with fifty-three core nutrient fields.SettingMRC Human Nutrition Research (HNR), Cambridge, UK and MRC Keneba, Gambia.SubjectsDINO is used across dietary assessment projects at HNR and MRC Keneba.ResultsDINO contains macro- and micronutrients as well as additional variables of current research and policy interest, such as caffeine, whole grains, vitamin K and added sugars. Disaggregated data are available for fruit, vegetables, meat, fish and cheese in composite foods, enabling greater accuracy when reporting food consumption or assessing adherence to dietary recommendations. Portion sizes are categorised in metric and imperial weights, with standardised portion sizes for each age group. Regular reviews are undertaken for portion sizes and food composition to ensure contemporary relevance. A training programme and a checking schedule are adhered to for quality assurance purposes, covering users and data. Eating context questions are integrated to record where and with whom the respondent is eating, allowing examination between these factors and the foods consumed.ConclusionsAn up-to-date quality-assured system for dietary assessment is crucial for nutritional surveillance and research, but needs to have the flexibility to be tailored to address specific research questions.
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Van Poppel, Geert, Petra Schneijder, Michiel R. H. Löwik, Jaap Schrijver, and Frans J. Kok. "Nutritional status and food consumption in 10–11 year old Dutch boys (Dutch Nutrition Surveillance System)." British Journal of Nutrition 66, no. 2 (September 1991): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19910022.
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As part of the Dutch Nutrition Surveillance System, cardiovascular risk factors and food consumption (24 h recall) as well as haematological, Fe and vitamin status (A, B6, C) were assessed in 126 Dutch boys aged 10–11 years (response 71 %). Body mass index (BMI) and the sum of four skinfolds were strongly associated (r0.85,P< 0.01) and 8% of the boys were overweight (BMI > 20.1 kg/m2). Elevated serum total cholesterol levels (> 4.4 mmol/l) were observed in 38 %; total cholesterol and low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were strongly associated (r0.88,P< 0.001). Intake of fat was high (38 % of energy) and too much fat was saturated (polyunsaturated: saturated 0.44, guideline: 0.5–1.0), whereas intake of carbohydrate (49% of energy) and dietary fibre was low. About 12% of the boys had insufficient Fe stores (plasma ferritin < 12.0 μg/l) and the mean Fe intake (9.0 mg/d) was below recommended daily allowance (10.0 mg/d). Plasma ferritin was, however, not associated with haematological indices and no frank anaemias were observed. No marginal values were observed for vitamins A, B6and C status. In conclusion, the main nutritional risks in boys aged 10–11 years are cardiovascular risk factors and Fe nutrition.
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Hack, Salma, Mahsa Jessri, and Mary R. L’Abbé. "Evaluating Diet Quality of Canadian Adults Using Health Canada’s Surveillance Tool Tier System: Findings from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition." Nutrients 12, no. 4 (April 16, 2020): 1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12041113.
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The 2014 Health Canada’s Surveillance Tool, Tier System (HCST) is a nutrient profiling model developed to evaluate adherence of food choices to dietary recommendations. With the recent release of the nationally representative Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition (CCHS-N) 2015, this study used HCST to evaluate nutritional quality of the dietary intakes of Canadians in the CCHS-N. Dietary intakes were ascertained using 24-hour dietary recalls from Canadians adults ≥19 years (N = 13,605). Foods were categorized into four Tiers based on degree of adherence to dietary recommendations according to thresholds for sodium, total fat, saturated fats, and sugars. Tier 1 and Tier 2 represented “recommended foods”, Tier 3 represents foods to “choose less often”, and Tier 4 represented foods “not recommended”. Across all dietary reference intakes (DRI) groups, most foods were categorized as Tier 1 for Vegetable and Fruits (2.2–3.8 servings/day), Tier 2 for Grain Products (2.9–3.4 servings/day), Tier 3 for Milk and Alternatives (0.7–1 serving/day) or for Meat and Alternatives (1.1–1.6 servings/day). Consumption of foods from Tier 4 and “other foods” such as high fat/sugary foods, sugar-sweetened beverages, and alcohol, represented 24–26% and 21–23% kcal/day, for males and females, respectively. Canadians are eating more foods categorized as Tier 1–3, rather than Tier 4. Adults with the highest intakes of Tier 4 and “other foods” had lower intakes of macronutrients and increased body mass index. These findings can be used by policy makers to assist in identifying targets for food reformulation at the nutrient level and quantitative guidance to support healthy food choices.
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Ramirez, Ma Anna Rita Marfil, Rowena V. Viajar, and Glenda P. Azaña. "Operationalizing local children nutrition surveillance system: The Philippines' Operation Timbang revisiited, the case of Abra de Ilog." World Nutrition 10, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.26596/wn.201910486-98.
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Background: Malnutrition among Filipino children persists; underscoring the value of nutritional assessment procedures. In the Philippines, this is carried out at the local level in its annual Operation Timbang [weigh] (OPT or OPT Plus). Local government unit officials observed higher malnutrition prevalence rates in nutrition survey reports of the Department of Science and Technology’s Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI) compared with its OPT. A revisit of the OPT provided evidence on the comparability of the two data sets and sources of variance analyzed.
Objectives: 1) describe municipal level assessment of OPT in 10 barangays of Abra de Ilog municipality; 2) identify facilitating and hindering factors in OPT; and 3) compare OPT results with DOST-FNRI local nutrition survey in Abra de Ilog and identify potential sources of variance therefrom.
Methods: Primary data were collected using focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Height and weight data were collected using standard methods of anthropometry.
Results: The OPT/OPT Plus is the mass weighing of 0-71 months old children, including height measurements conducted during the first and fourth quarter of the year in Abra de Ilog. It was found that facilitating factors were availability of calibrated equipment, latest master list, local government support and budget. Lack of manpower, work overload, low honoraria, low work commitment, uncooperative mothers and high turnover of barangay [village] nutrition scholars hindered OPT implementation. The Abra de Ilog 2016 OPT Plus and the 4th quarter “OPT” reported lower malnutrition prevalence rates than the DOST-FNRI local survey.
Conclusions: Significant differences in the two data sets could misguide program implementation. As an outcome of Sustainable Development Goal No. 2 of Zero Hunger, potential misclassification of nutritional status and misreporting of malnutrition prevalence rates have implications for the mapping of malnutrition, hence delivery of targeted nutrition intervention packages.
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Robertson, Claire, Nicky Best, Judith Diamond, and Paul Elliott. "Tracing ingestion of ‘novel’ foods in UK diets for possible health surveillance – a feasibility study." Public Health Nutrition 7, no. 2 (April 2004): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2003528.
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AbstractObjective:To investigate the feasibility of using commercially available data on household food consumption to carry out food and nutritional surveillance.Design:Taylor Nelson Sofres (TNS) collects information on foods brought home for consumption among a representative quota sample of the British population. In total, 33 177 households and 105 667 individuals provided data between 1991 and 2000. These were used to investigate sociodemographic, geographical and temporal trends in purchase patterns of the main macronutrients and four groups of marker products.Results:Sociodemographic characteristics of the TNS sample were broadly consistent with those of the British population. Estimated energy intakes were slightly low (1667±715 kcal) in comparison with other national data. However, percentage energy contributions were consistent with national trends: e.g. consumption of alcohol in the home increased between 1991 and 2000 with higher intakes among more affluent households, while fat intakes decreased slightly over the same period. Significant temporal, geographic and socio-economic trends were found for all nutrients (P < 0.0001). Intakes of marker products were sparse (purchased by <4% of households), but significant variations were detected in the proportion of households purchasing some or all of the marker products across temporal, geographic and socio–economic strata.Conclusions:A prospective nutrient surveillance system could be used to trace consumption patterns of foods or nutrients to inform nutritional surveillance. However, existing data sources would require a number of modifications to increase their suitability for such a project. Increasing surveillance to consider ingredients would require the development of a central coding system, with electronically linked barcode, ingredient and nutrient information.
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Karim, Tasneem, Israt Jahan, Rachael Dossetor, Nguyen Thi Huong Giang, Nguyen Thi Van Anh, Trinh Quang Dung, Cao Minh Chau, et al. "Nutritional Status of Children with Cerebral Palsy—Findings from Prospective Hospital-Based Surveillance in Vietnam Indicate a Need for Action." Nutrients 11, no. 9 (September 6, 2019): 2132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11092132.
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Background: Lack of evidence on the burden and risk factors for malnutrition among children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Vietnam limits evidence-based interventions. We aimed to define the nutritional status of children with CP in Vietnam. Materials and Methods: The study utilized data from active prospective hospital-based surveillance modelled on the Pediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance system. Children (0–18 years) with CP attending the National Children’s Hospital Hanoi, Vietnam between June–November 2017 were included. Data on demographic, clinical and rehabilitation status were collected following detailed neurodevelopmental assessment. Anthropometric measurements were taken. Nutritional status was determined using the World Health Organization guideline. Results: Of 765 children (the mean (SD) age was 2.6 (2.5) years; 35.8% were female), 28.9% (n = 213) were underweight and 29.0% (n = 214) stunted. The odds of underweight were significantly higher among children aged >5 years and/or having a monthly family income of <50 USD. Underweight and/or stunting was high among children with quadriplegia (81%, n = 60 and 84.5%, n = 87) and/or Gross Motor Functional Classification System (GMFCS) level IV–V (62.5%, n = 45 and 67.0%, n = 67). Nearly one-third of intellectually impaired and more than half of hearing-impaired children were underweight and/or stunted. Conclusions: Poor economic status and increased motor severity increased vulnerability to malnutrition. Our findings will inform nutritional rehabilitation programs among these vulnerable children.
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Löwik, Michiel R. H., and Rudolf J. J. Hermus. "The Dutch nutrition surveillance system." Food Policy 13, no. 4 (November 1988): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-9192(88)90083-8.
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Medeiros, Maria Angélica Tavares de, Ligia Amparo-Santos, and Semíramis Martins Álvares Domene. "Education of dietitian's in Brazil: Minimum clock hours of instruction for a bachelor's degree in nutrition." Revista de Nutrição 26, no. 5 (October 2013): 583–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-52732013000500009.
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This essay aims to debate the minimum clock hours of instruction necessary for obtaining a bachelor's degree in nutrition considering the challenges to educate health professionals. Official documents on the minimum clock hours of instruction required by undergraduate nutrition programs were analyzed to investigate compliance with the curriculum guidelines for the area, the law that regulates the profession of dietitian, and the necessary education for the Sistema Único de Saúde (Unified Health Care System). Compared with other health programs, nutrition presented the smallest increase in the minimum clock hours of instruction required for the degree. The changes that occurred in the epidemiological, demographic, and nutritional profile of the population and scientific advances require specific nutrition actions. Since Sistema Único de Saúde focuses on comprehensiveness in the three levels of care, on humanization, and on health care, the theoretical and methodological concepts given in undergraduate programs need to be improved for the dietitians education to meet the Sistema Único de Saúde needs. Incorporation of the knowledge needed for working with food and nutritional phenomena, including its social and cultural dimensions, management of public policies, quantity cooking, and food and nutritional surveillance requires a higher minimum clock hours of instruction. In conclusion, dietitians need a minimum clock hours of instruction of 4,000 to acquire a proper education, integrate into the university life, and coordinate interdisciplinary experiences of the triad teaching/research/extension.
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Taschetto, Hailê Zeul Panisson, Teles Medeiros, Regina Gema Santini Costenaro, Léris Salete Haeffner, and Franceliane Jobim Benedetti. "INSTITUIÇÃO DE UM PROTOCOLO DE VIGILÂNCIA ALIMENTAR E NUTRICIONAL NO MUNICÍPIO DE JAGUARI-RS." Revista Contexto & Saúde 20, no. 40 (November 4, 2020): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21527/2176-7114.2020.40.157-165.
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Os controles periódicos antropométricos do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) devem seguir os passos preconizados pelo protocolo do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (SISVAN). Mas, observou-se que este protocolo não estava sendo aplicado em sua plenitude no município de Jaguari-RS, perdendo-se a oportunidade de identificar as crianças com distúrbios nutricionais e tomar as medidas pertinentes a cada caso. Com o objetivo de implementar um protocolo de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (VAN) que seja efetivamente aplicado, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa-ação. Após feito o diagnóstico do funcionamento/operacionalidade do SISVAN e conhecida a situação nutricional das crianças beneficiárias do PBF, público-alvo, foram implementadas alterações operacionais nas avaliações antropométricas semestrais e realizada capacitação antropométrica dos profissionais de saúde. A monitorização inicial, realizada durante um período de controle antropométrico do PBF, revelou resultados positivos na implementação do protocolo de VAN.
Regular nutritional assessment is one condicionality of the Bolsa Familia Program (BFP) that must follow all recommended steps of Brazilian Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) protocol. However, it was observed that protocol was not accomplished in all extension in the city of Jaguari- RS, south of Brazil. That way, it was leaving out the opportunity for identifying children nutritional disorders and act in order to take adequate measures. An action research was performed in order to effectively implement a food and nutrition surveillance protocol (FNSP). First, it was verified the way SISVAN was been operated and it was also checked nutritional status from children enrolled in BFP. Then, operating changings were set up in anthropometric assessments and it was realized a training in anthropometry for health professionals. Monitoring performed during an anthropometric assessment showed positive results in the process of FNSP implementation.
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Brussaard, J. H., W. Van Dokkum, C. G. Van Der Paauw, R. H. De Vos, W. L. A. M. De Kort, and M. R. H. Löwik. "Dietary intake of food contaminants in the Netherlands (Dutch nutrition surveillance system)." Food Additives and Contaminants 13, no. 5 (July 1996): 561–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02652039609374441.
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Hill, Richard C. "Nutritional therapies to improve health: lessons from companion animals." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 68, no. 1 (December 1, 2008): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665108008835.
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Companion animals represent an under-utilised resource. The present paper is designed to encourage collaborative studies. Dogs and cats are out-bred animals that are willing to consume a consistent diet for long periods, so are ideal candidates for prospective studies of naturally-occurring disease. In some studies the effect of diet on survival has been substantial. Food restriction, for example, slows the development of osteoarthritis and increases the lifespan of Labrador retrievers by 2 years, protein and P restriction more than doubles the median survival time of dogs and cats with chronic kidney disease and adding n-3 fats and arginine to the diet of dogs with stage 3 lymphoma improves median survival time by one-quarter. Obesity is also very common in both dogs and cats and is also associated with disease as in human subjects. When interpreting these results, however, it is essential to take into account pathophysiological differences among species. Dogs and cats do not display all the characteristics of metabolic disease in human subjects, they metabolise fat well and atherosclerosis and cardiac infarction are uncommon. Such differences should not, however, preclude further study because differences among species often clarify knowledge. Monitoring of disease in companion animals may also provide a surveillance system for the safety of the food supply, as illustrated by recent outbreaks of acute renal failure and liver failure in cats and dogs in the USA caused respectively by melamine and mycotoxin contamination of pet foods.
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VITORINO, Santuzza Arreguy Silva, Marly Marques da CRUZ, and Denise Cavalcante de BARROS. "Modeling of Food and Nutrition Surveillance in Primary Health Care." Revista de Nutrição 30, no. 1 (February 2017): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-98652017000100011.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the modeling stages of food and nutrition surveillance in the Primary Health Care of the Unified Health Care System, considering its activities, objectives, and goals Methods: Document analysis and semi-structured interviews were used for identifying the components, describe the intervention, and identify potential assessment users. Results: The results include identification of the objectives and goals of the intervention, the required inputs, activities, and expected effects. The intervention was then modeled based on these data. The use of the theoretical logic model optimizes times, resources, definition of the indicators that require monitoring, and the aspects that require assessment, identifying more clearly the contribution of the intervention to the results Conclusion: Modeling enabled the description of food and nutrition surveillance based on its components and may guide the development of viable plans to monitor food and nutrition surveillance actions so that modeling can be established as a local intersectoral planning instrument.
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Chauhan, Anamika. "Role of nutrients regulation in the immune system in preventing COVID-19 infection: A brief review." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 760–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i2.2572.
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This review aimed to focus on using foods to boost immunity against COVID-19 in all age groups. In human, coronavirus causes the common cold, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and a major threat to public health. The novel coronavirus was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization due to its rapid infectivity. COVID-19 infection is most probably reported in people with low immunity response. The nutrients, which show beneficial effects on the immune system, are called immune nutrients and diet is called immune diet. A healthy diet can reduce the risk of infection of COVID-19 and can prevent disease. Nutritional food intake is also necessary for people with chronic illness, obese persons, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cognitive dysfunction like anxiety and depression. All nutrients are essential for maintaining immunity and providing appropriate amounts of protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins, and minerals for the surveillance mode of keeping us from getting sick. The use of plenty of water, minerals such as micronutrients, zinc, copper, selenium, iron, magnesium, food rich in vitamins, and a good lifestyle can promote health and overwhelm this coronavirus infection.
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Pelletier, David L., and F. Catherine Johnson. "The Validity of Clinic-Based Nutrition Surveillance Data: A Study from Selected Sites in Northern Malawi." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 15, no. 4 (December 1994): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659401500418.
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Many developing countries collect on the weight for age of children attending health facilities as one element of a nutrition surveillance system. This study compares the estimates of malnutrition from seven health clinics in northern Malawi with estimates derived from nearby community-level surveys. The results show that prevalence of underweight in clinics does not accurately reflect community prevalence. Clinic estimates often differ by two- to threefold from community estimates, and the direction of the bias is not constant across clinics, making these data an invalid basis for targeting programmes according to nutritional need. Similar results were reported in five other studies in the literature, indicating that the Malawi results are not unusual. It is suggested that, contrary to current practice, cross-sectional clinic-based data should be assumed invalid for targeting purposes unless proved otherwise in a given country. Trend data at regional and country levels require further validation.
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Tay, Wesley, Bhupinder Kaur, Rina Quek, Joseph Lim, and Christiani Jeyakumar Henry. "Current Developments in Digital Quantitative Volume Estimation for the Optimisation of Dietary Assessment." Nutrients 12, no. 4 (April 22, 2020): 1167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12041167.
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Obesity is a global health problem with wide-reaching economic and social implications. Nutrition surveillance systems are essential to understanding and addressing poor dietary practices. However, diets are incredibly diverse across populations and an accurate diagnosis of individualized nutritional issues is challenging. Current tools used in dietary assessment are cumbersome for users, and are only able to provide approximations of dietary information. Given the need for technological innovation, this paper reviews various novel digital methods for food volume estimation and explores the potential for adopting such technology in the Southeast Asian context. We discuss the current approaches to dietary assessment, as well as the potential opportunities that digital health can offer to the field. Recent advances in optics, computer vision and deep learning show promise in advancing the field of quantitative dietary assessment. The ease of access to the internet and the availability of smartphones with integrated cameras have expanded the toolsets available, and there is potential for automated food volume estimation to be developed and integrated as part of a digital dietary assessment tool. Such a tool may enable public health institutions to be able to gather an effective nutritional insight and combat the rising rates of obesity in the region.
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Calcaterra, Valeria, Hellas Cena, Corrado Regalbuto, Federica Vinci, Debora Porri, Elvira Verduci, Chiara Mameli, and Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti. "The Role of Fetal, Infant, and Childhood Nutrition in the Timing of Sexual Maturation." Nutrients 13, no. 2 (January 28, 2021): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020419.
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Puberty is a crucial developmental stage in the life span, necessary to achieve reproductive and somatic maturity. Timing of puberty is modulated by and responds to central neurotransmitters, hormones, and environmental factors leading to hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis maturation. The connection between hormones and nutrition during critical periods of growth, like fetal life or infancy, is fundamental for metabolic adaptation response and pubertal development control and prediction. Since birth weight is an important indicator of growth estimation during fetal life, restricted prenatal growth, such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and small for gestational age (SGA), may impact endocrine system, affecting pubertal development. Successively, lactation along with early life optimal nutrition during infancy and childhood may be important in order to set up timing of sexual maturation and provide successful reproduction at a later time. Sexual maturation and healthy growth are also influenced by nutrition requirements and diet composition. Early nutritional surveillance and monitoring of pubertal development is recommended in all children, particularly in those at risk, such as the ones born SGA and/or IUGR, as well as in the case of sudden weight gain during infancy. Adequate macro and micronutrient intake is essential for healthy growth and sexual maturity.
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Graham, T. W. "(A343) Rebuilding Post Conflict Food Security in Liberia." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s96—s97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x1100327x.
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Liberia's 14 year civil war destroyed domestic agricultural production, veterinary and agricultural education, extension services and domestic food security. These losses severely limited domestic food production, and basic hygiene and sanitation: potable water, abattoirs, cold chain and food storage were greatly diminished. The average Liberian life expectancy fell from 45.8 in 1990 to 41.8 years presently. The population birth and death rate are two of the highest globally with a resulting population growth rate, of 2.7% per annum; this growth rate requires an immediate and concerted focus on domestic food production to alleviate nutritional inadequacy and hunger, trade imbalances and loss of foreign exchange credits. Food supply nationally is presumed adequate because of importation, though domestic production is inadequate. Unequal distribution precludes food security for all Liberians. Value chain augmentation, enhancing food availability across all sectors of Liberian society and ensuring distribution of a safe food supply needs critical development. Infant mortality remains one of the highest in the world (approximately 160/1000 births), much of which is attributed to food insecurity, food contamination and lack of uniformly available potable water. Recreation of Liberia's public health and food security requires redevelopment of disease monitoring and laboratory diagnostic capability to re-establish safe food production and handling practices across all sectors. This will allow determination of endemic disease burden for the principal livestock species: poultry, sheep, goats, cattle and swine. Creation of a national disease surveillance/monitoring system allows for targeted disease intervention, ensuring vaccination for correct serotypes and most critically prevalent diseases. Creation of community level training and support will target intervention of local diseases, but also allow for national prioritization of diseases. Targeting which are most prevalent or most likely to cause production limiting effects will require periodic surveillance, targeted vaccination, and chemotherapeutic intervention and evaluation of therapeutic success.
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Figueroa Pedraza, Dixis. "Food and nutrition surveillance system in municipalities of paraíba: data reliability, coverage and management's perception." Revista Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública 35, no. 3 (October 9, 2017): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfnsp.v35n3a02.
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Sadeghi, Malihe, Mostafa Langarizadeh, Beheshteh Olang, Hamed Seddighi, and Abbas Sheikhtaheri. "A Survey of implementation status of child nutrition surveillance systems, registry systems and information systems: a scoping literature review protocol." BMJ Paediatrics Open 5, no. 1 (August 2021): e001164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001164.
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IntroductionChild malnutrition in all forms is known globally as the leading cause of poor health. Planning and solving this challenge require sources that collect data accurately. Nutrition surveillance systems (NSS), nutrition registry systems (NRS) and nutrition information systems (NIS) collect and analyse data on nutrition status. Unfortunately, these systems only exist in a few countries. The methods that these systems use significantly differ and their effectiveness is also scarcely researched. This scoping literature review aimed to conduct a survey on NSS, NRS and NIS that collect data on children’s nutrition at national and international levels, along with their attributes.Methods and analysisThe methods and analyses of this scoping review follow the Arksey and O’Malley’s methodology. This scoping literature review will be conducted in five stages based on this method. (1) The main research question and subquestions are identified. (2) Relevant studies are extracted. In this step, we will search electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Science. A manual search will also be performed in Google Scholar, grey literature, and the websites of organisations such as WHO, UNICEF, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Service, International Food Policy Research Institute, Food and Agriculture Organization, Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance, United Nations World Food Programme, and United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition. (3) Extracted studies are separately reviewed by two reviewers based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and eligible studies are then selected. A third reviewer resolves disagreements. (4) A checklist is developed to extract the features. Data of included systems are separately extracted and entered into a checklist by two reviewers. A third reviewer then resolves any disagreement. (5) Data are summarised and analysed and are presented in tables and figures.DiscussionThis scoping literature review provides strong evidence of the status of systems that collect data on the status of child nutrition. This evidence can help select best practices which can be applied to develop future systems. It can also be a positive step towards achieving an integrated system.
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Wijegunasekara, Himali. "Coordination of Nutrition related Units in Sri Lanka." Journal of Medical Research 6, no. 6 (December 30, 2020): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jmr.2020.6603.
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All people have a right to good nutrition. However in Sri Lanka, still anemia, underweight and stunting prevail with regional disparities. There are many determinants for poor nutrition and which leads to many adverse outcomes. As these determinants are multifaceted it requires several different sectors to work collaboratively, complement their activities and share resources to improve the nutritional status of the country. In this article; the initiatives such as development of the National Nutrition policy and Strategic frame work; establishment of Presidential Secretariat, Nutrition Secretariat, Nutrition Steering Committee and Nutrition Coordination Division; the contribution of different divisions of the Ministry of Health such as Nutrition Division, Family Health Bureau, Health Education Bureau, Epidemiology Unit, Food Safety unit, Environment and Occupational Health unit, Non Communicable Disease Unit, Youth, Elderly and Disabled unit, Estate and Urban Health Unit, Medical Research Institute, Medical Statistics Unit; Hospital Nutrition Units, food supplement programmes; the assistance of United Nations agencies, Professional Associations, other Ministries of the government and Non-Governmental Organizations; the importance of National Nutrition Surveillance system and the coordination by the Nutrition Coordination Division are described. Author’s feelings regarding the coordination between nutrition related units in the country were expressed. Subsequently, favorable aspects and deficiencies were evaluated and the possible underlying factors and consequences were analyzed. In conclusion, it can be said that a strong coordinating body for inter - sectoral coordination, information feedback, data sharing and analysis; assessment of current level of multi sectoral coordination and multi sectoral interventions; development of provincial specific strategies and micro plans at house hold level; strengthening of community based organizations, village committees and volunteers; proper streamlining of multiple information systems in the country in order to monitor & evaluate the operations to avoid duplications and negligence; are required. Accordingly, recommendations were provided to address the issue.
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Freitas, Anderson Gonçalves, Diego Gonçalves de Lima, Miguel Junior Sordi Bortolini, Dionatas Ulises De Oliveira Meneguetti, Edigê Felipe De Sousa Santos, Hugo Macedo Junior, and Romeu Paulo Martins Silva. "Comparison of the nutritional status in children aged 5 to 10 years old on the Conditional Cash Transfer Programme in the States of Acre and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil." Journal of Human Growth and Development 27, no. 1 (April 13, 2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.121206.
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Introduction: In recent years, there has been a reduction in cases of malnutrition in Brazil but this has been accompanied with an increase in the overweight and obesity rates. These changes, together with others, such as changes in eating patterns and lifestyle, characterise the process of nutritional transition. Objective: We aimed to compare the prevalence of nutritional status of beneficiary children of the Bolsa Família Program (PBF) in the states of Acre and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and to analyse the changes in the anthropometric profile of these children during 5 years. Methods: This is an ecological study using secondary data from the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) and Bolsa Família Department of SUS (DATASUS), which assessed the nutritional status of children over 5 years and under 10 years benefiting from the PBF in the years 2011 to 2015 in the states of Acre and Rio Grande do Sul. The sample consisted of 94,865 children from Acre and 342,462 children from Rio Grande do Sul. The Body Mass Index was used to classify the nutritional status. Results: The mean prevalence of eutrophic children aged 5 to 10 years in Acre was 70.42% and was 61.28% in Rio Grande do Sul. Overweight was 13.06% in Acre and 19.48% in Rio Grande do Sul. Obesity was 5.08% in Acre and 9.36% in Rio Grande do Sul. Severe obesity was 4.02% in Acre and 6.92% in Rio Grande do Sul. Conclusion: Overweight and obesity in children benefiting from the PBF has been growing in the last 5 years, notably in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. This is possibly due to the fact that the nutritional transition is at a more advanced stage here than in Acre State.
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Freitas, Anderson Gonçalves, Diego Gonçalves de Lima, Miguel Junior Sordi Bortolini, Dionatas Ulises De Oliveira Meneguetti, Edigê Felipe De Sousa Santos, and Romeu Paulo Martins Silva. "Comparison of the nutritional status in children aged 5 to 10 years old on the Conditional Cash Transfer Programme in the States of Acre and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil." Journal of Human Growth and Development 27, no. 1 (April 13, 2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.127647.
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Introduction: In recent years, there has been a reduction in cases of malnutrition in Brazil but this has been accompanied with an increase in the overweight and obesity rates. These changes, together with others, such as changes in eating patterns and lifestyle, characterise the process of nutritional transition. Objective: We aimed to compare the prevalence of nutritional status of beneficiary children of the Bolsa Família Program (PBF) in the states of Acre and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and to analyse the changes in the anthropometric profile of these children during 5 years. Methods: This is an ecological study using secondary data from the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) and Bolsa Família Department of SUS (DATASUS), which assessed the nutritional status of children over 5 years and under 10 years benefiting from the PBF in the years 2011 to 2015 in the states of Acre and Rio Grande do Sul. The sample consisted of 94,865 children from Acre and 342,462 children from Rio Grande do Sul. The Body Mass Index was used to classify the nutritional status. Results: The mean prevalence of eutrophic children aged 5 to 10 years in Acre was 70.42% and was 61.28% in Rio Grande do Sul. Overweight was 13.06% in Acre and 19.48% in Rio Grande do Sul. Obesity was 5.08% in Acre and 9.36% in Rio Grande do Sul. Severe obesity was 4.02% in Acre and 6.92% in Rio Grande do Sul. Conclusion: Overweight and obesity in children benefiting from the PBF has been growing in the last 5 years, notably in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. This is possibly due to the fact that the nutritional transition is at a more advanced stage here than in Acre State.
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Dos Santos, Fabiana Pelegrin Cogo, Fabiana Cristina Frigieri De Vitta, Marta Helena Souza De Conti, Sara Nader Marta, Márcia Aparecida Nuevo Gatti, Sandra Fiorelli de Almeida Penteado Sime, and Alberto De Vitta. "NUTRITIONAL CONDITION OF CHILDREN WHO BENEFIT FROM THE “BOLSA FAMÍLIA” PROGRAMME IN A CITY OF NORTHWESTERN SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL." Journal of Human Growth and Development 25, no. 3 (October 25, 2015): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.106003.
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Introdution: The direct income transfer programmes such as “BolsaFamília” have the important function of making it possible for aspects of life to receive the necessary care and importance in order to improve the quality of life. One of the aspects concerns food and healthy nutrition. Objective: The objective was to assess the nutritional condition of children under five years old whose families are benefited by the programme”BolsaFamília” in a city of northwestern São Paulo state, Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out using the medical records of 284 children under the age of five, from which socio-demographic, weight and height data were collected. In order to diagnose children’s nutritional condition,the indicators weight/age, height/age and weight/height were used, from the cutoffpoint z-score, recommended by the WHO Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition. Descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test were used to analyse data, assessing the association of indicators, gender and age. Results: 8.8% of the children have deficits concerning height/age and 4.2% have deficits concerning weight/age; 8.1% and 7.4% are overweight concerning weight/age and weight/height; 4.6 % of the children under 2 years oldhave higher weight than the expected for their age and also for their height, and 7.8% of the children have low height for their age. The prevalence of weight deficit and excess in children observed in this study were similar to those found in other regions of Brazil. Conclusion: The maintenance of the nutritional surveillance system is extremely important in order to detect risk groups and help plan effective measures to prevent and correct nutritional problems.
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Murata, Mitsunori. "Nutrition for the Young-Its Current Problems." Nutrition and Health 8, no. 2-3 (April 1992): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026010609200800309.
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The prevailing life style in Japan has been westernized and highly industrialised. This inevitably has bad effects on nutrition and the eating pattern of youth. These ill effects may be summarized as follows, 1) lack of daily physical activities, 2) an increasing number of working mothers, 3) irregular timing of food intake, 4) an increasing intake of energy in the form of fat, 5) increasing consumption of processed foods ready for eating, 6) lack of integrated management systems such as health education programs against atherogenic risk factors. These changes have resulted in increasing atherogenic risk factors among young people. It is necessary to study the present risk factors and their relation to prevailing life styles and to organize a follow-up system for surveillance of risk factors.
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Abdeen, Ziad, P. Gregg Greenough, Aruna Chandran, and Radwan Qasrawi. "Assessment of the Nutritional Status of Preschool-Age Children during the Second Intifada in Palestine." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 28, no. 3 (September 2007): 274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482650702800303.
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Background The Palestinian economy has dramatically deteriorated at all levels since the Al-Aqsa Intifada (uprising) began in 2000, resulting in an unprecedented catastrophe to the livelihoods of the Palestinians residing in the West Bank and Gaza. It was also marked by lack of household physical and financial access to food and health care, which placed children at increased risk of malnutrition and poor health. This prompted a significant increase in food aid from 2002 until the summer of 2003. Objectives To assess the nutritional status of children 6 to 59 months of age after 1 year of food assistance. Methods In the West Bank and Gaza, a nationally representative sample of children 6 to 59 months of age was randomly selected with a validated multistage clustered design, with the Health Survey 1999 sample used as the sampling frame. The sample was stratified according to governorate, place of residence (urban, nonurban, or refugee camp), locality, and size of locality (number of households). A cross-sectional survey of nutritional status was carried out. Data were collected by interviews with the primary caregivers of the children. Measurements were made of children's weight and height or length. Food-intake data were collected by the 24-hour food-recall method with the use of a booklet of photographs of foods commonly eaten in Palestine. Results A total of 3,089 children were assessed, of whom 3.1% in the West Bank and 3.9% in the Gaza Strip were suffering from acute malnutrition; the prevalence of chronic malnutrition was 9.2% in the West Bank and 12.7% in the Gaza Strip ( p = .02). Sex, refugee status, locality, and maternal education were not significantly associated with acute malnutrition by logistic regression analysis, whereas infants 6 to 23 months of age were significantly at risk. Calorie and protein intakes were generally lower than recommended dietary allowances. Conclusions The prevalence rates of both acute and chronic malnutrition among children in the West Bank and Gaza are significantly higher than the national Palestinian averages. There is a need to establish nutritional surveillance systems to monitor the nutritional status of children in conflict areas.
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Bloem, Martin W., Abdul Hye, Jonathan Gorstein, Marijke Wijnroks, Gillian Hall, Helen Matzger, and Alfred Sommer. "Nutrition Surveillance Bangladesh: A Useful Tool for Policy Planning at the Local and National Levels." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 16, no. 2 (June 1995): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659501600206.
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As a response to the inability of both governmental and non-governmental organizations to provide vital information during the floods of 1987 and 1988 in Bangladesh, a nutrition surveillance system (the NSP) was established in April 7990. This is a collaborative effort that involves international and indigenous non-governmental organizations and the government of Bangladesh, and is coordinated by Helen Keller International and funded by the US Agency for International Development. During the past three years the NSP has demonstrated an ability to provide regular and dependable information on the prevalence of undernutrition and morbidity in children under five years of age, household socioeconomic characteristics, food prices, and the extent of distress at household and community levels from data collected every two months by NGOs and the government in selected rural districts and urban slums in all regions of the country. The system was established as a bottom-up surveillance system based on NGO-specific teams with a continuous central quality control system to ensure the collection of reliable data. The NSP has proved to be an excellent tool for policy makers from several sectors, involving health, agriculture, and food aid The NGOs use it for the continuous monitoring of their development programmes and to identify mechanisms through which services can be delivered most effectively. Regional-level analyses evaluated the impact of the universal vitamin A capsule distribution programme. After the cyclone of 1991, the NSP demonstrated its flexibility by expanding rapidly to cover affected districts and provide pertinent information to those involved in relief efforts. Most recently, the NSP has provided information on the role of food prices on nutrition status and assisted the Ministry of Food in its decision-making. The model is worthy of consideration for replication in other countries in the world.
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Huybrechts, Inge, Elom K. Aglago, Amy Mullee, Willem De Keyzer, Catherine Leclercq, Pauline Allemand, Agnieszka Balcerzak, Francis B. Zotor, and Marc J. Gunter. "Global comparison of national individual food consumption surveys as a basis for health research and integration in national health surveillance programmes." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 76, no. 4 (August 14, 2017): 549–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665117001161.
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Individual food consumption surveys (IFCS) are performed to evaluate compliance with food/nutrient intake requirements or exposure to potential harmful dietary contaminants/components. In this review, we inventoried methods and designs used in national IFCS and discussed the methodologies applied across countries. Literature searches were performed using fixed sets of search terms in different online databases. We identified IFCS in thirty-nine countries from six world continents. National IFCS systems are available in most of the high-income countries, while such surveys are scarce in low- and middle-income countries (e.g. Africa, Eastern Europe and several Asian countries). Few countries (n9) have their national IFCS incorporated into national health and nutrition surveys, allowing the investigation of dietary-related disease outcomes. Of the integrated surveys, most have the advantage of being continuous/regular, contrary to other IFCS that are mostly erratic. This review serves as the basis to define gaps and needs in IFCS worldwide and assists in defining priorities for resource allocation. In addition, it can serve as a source of inspiration for countries that do not have an IFCS system in place yet and advocate for national IFCS to be incorporated into national health and nutrition surveys in order to create: (1) research opportunities for investigating diet–disease relationships and (2) a frame to plan and evaluate the effect of diet-related policies (e.g. promotion of local nutrient-rich foods) and of nutrition recommendations, such as food-based dietary guidelines. Countries that integrate their IFCS within their national health and nutrition survey can serve as proof-of-principle for other countries.
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Löwik, M. R., P. Schneijder, K. F. Hulshof, C. Kistemaker, L. Sleutel, and P. van Houten. "Institutionalized elderly women have lower food intake than do those living more independently (Dutch Nutrition Surveillance System)." Journal of the American College of Nutrition 11, no. 4 (August 1992): 432–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07315724.1992.10718247.
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Coelho, Luciola de Castro, Leiko Asakura, Anita Sachs, Ingrid Erbert, Claudia dos Reis Lisboa Novaes, and Suely Godoy Agostinho Gimeno. "Food and Nutrition Surveillance System/SISVAN: getting to know the feeding habits of infants under 24 months of age." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 20, no. 3 (March 2015): 727–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232015203.15952014.
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The objective of the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) is to monitor the food intake of individuals attended by the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). The objective of this research was to identify the feeding practices of children under 24 months of age who were attended at Primary Healthcare Units (UBS), using SISVAN, and to assess the relationship with maternal sociodemographic profiles. A cross-sectional study was conducted in order to evaluate 350 children using the Food Consumption Marker Form of SISVAN, and maternal demographic data to identify sociodemographic profiles by exploratory factor analysis. Of the children assessed, 41.1% were under 6 months of age and 98.7% of those between 6 and 23 months had an inadequate intake. Two sociodemographic profiles were found: Profile 1 (mothers with lower income, less education, and recipients of the 'Bolsa Família' conditional family grant program) associated with the consumption of water/tea, cow's milk and salty baby food; and Profile 2 (older mothers with many children and with a larger number of residents in the household) associated with breast milk consumption (p = 0.048). The use of SISVAN made it possible to identify that children had inadequate feeding practices, and Profile 1 appears to be a risk profile for weaning.
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Boonstra, Eelco, Morten Lindbæk, Boga Fidzani, and Dag Bruusgaard. "Cattle eradication and malnutrition in under five's: a natural experiment in Botswana." Public Health Nutrition 4, no. 4 (August 2001): 877–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2001129.
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AbstractBackground:An outbreak of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in the northern part of Botswana in 1996 was contained through eradication of all heads of cattle in Ngamiland district (Ngami East and West) in the period April 1996 to February 1997. This disaster posed a serious threat to those who depended on the livestock sector for sustenance and to the nutrition security of the population, especially the under five's.Aim:The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the cattle eradication on the nutritional status of children.Method:A secondary analysis of existing data from the Botswana National Nutrition Surveillance System enabled us to study the impact of this disaster on malnutrition in the under five's by comparing quarterly malnutrition rates for Ngami East with national figures for the period of January 1995 to March 1998.Results:While the risk for malnutrition among under five's in Ngami East increased from 0.046 to 0.105 during the study period, giving a relative risk of 2.299, the increase in risk for Botswana was from 0.133 to 0.139, giving a relative risk of 1.048. The attributable risk for cattle eradication impact on malnutrition was 4.6% for Botswana and 54.4% for Ngami East.Conclusion:The cattle eradication impacted seriously on the food and nutrition security of the under five's in Ngami East, compared with the country as a whole.
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Iyengar, Venkatesh, and Ibrahim Elmadfa. "Food Safety Security: A new Concept for Enhancing Food Safety Measures." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 82, no. 3 (June 1, 2012): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000114.
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The food safety security (FSS) concept is perceived as an early warning system for minimizing food safety (FS) breaches, and it functions in conjunction with existing FS measures. Essentially, the function of FS and FSS measures can be visualized in two parts: (i) the FS preventive measures as actions taken at the stem level, and (ii) the FSS interventions as actions taken at the root level, to enhance the impact of the implemented safety steps. In practice, along with FS, FSS also draws its support from (i) legislative directives and regulatory measures for enforcing verifiable, timely, and effective compliance; (ii) measurement systems in place for sustained quality assurance; and (iii) shared responsibility to ensure cohesion among all the stakeholders namely, policy makers, regulators, food producers, processors and distributors, and consumers. However, the functional framework of FSS differs from that of FS by way of: (i) retooling the vulnerable segments of the preventive features of existing FS measures; (ii) fine-tuning response systems to efficiently preempt the FS breaches; (iii) building a long-term nutrient and toxicant surveillance network based on validated measurement systems functioning in real time; (iv) focusing on crisp, clear, and correct communication that resonates among all the stakeholders; and (v) developing inter-disciplinary human resources to meet ever-increasing FS challenges. Important determinants of FSS include: (i) strengthening international dialogue for refining regulatory reforms and addressing emerging risks; (ii) developing innovative and strategic action points for intervention {in addition to Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) procedures]; and (iii) introducing additional science-based tools such as metrology-based measurement systems.
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Llanaj, Erand, Ferenc Vincze, Zsigmond Kósa, János Sándor, Judit Diószegi, and Róza Ádány. "Dietary Profile and Nutritional Status of the Roma Population Living in Segregated Colonies in Northeast Hungary." Nutrients 12, no. 9 (September 16, 2020): 2836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12092836.
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Nutrition studies among Roma are scarce and to date no quantified dietary data are available. This report provides, for the first time, quantified dietary data and comprehensive anthropometric information for the Hungarian Roma (HR) population, with Hungarian general (HG) adults as reference. Data were obtained from a complex comparative health survey, involving 387 and 410 subjects of HR and HG populations, respectively. Using corporal measurements, body composition indicators were constructed, while daily nutrient intakes were evaluated in comparison with internationally accepted guidelines on nutrient requirements and recommended intakes. Associations between Roma ethnicity and nutrient intakes, as well as odds of achieving dietary recommendations were explored using regression models, adjusted for relevant covariates (i.e., age, gender, education, marital status and perceived financial status). Results showed occasional differences for selected nutrient intakes between the groups, with HR’s intake being less favorable. Total fat intake, predominantly animal-sourced, exceeded recommendations among HR (36.1 g, 95% confidence interval (CI): 35.2–37.0) and was not dissimilar to HG group (37.1 g, 95% CI: 36.3–38.0). Sodium intake among HR was significantly lower (5094.4 mg, 95% CI: 4866.0–5322.8) compared to HG (5644.0 mg, 95% CI: 5351.9–5936.0), but significantly greater than recommended intake in both groups. HR had greater estimated body fatness (25.6–35.1%) and higher average body mass index (BMI, 27.7 kg/m2, 95% CI: 26.9–28.4), compared to HG. In addition, HR had lower odds of achieving dietary recommendations (odds ratio (OR) = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67–0.97, p < 0.05). Findings warrant further research, while highlighting the importance of establishing and integrating Roma nutrition into national surveillance and monitoring systems for key dietary risk factors.
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Mock, Nancy, Mahmud Khan, David Mercer, Robert Magnani, Shawn Baker, and William Bertrand. "The Utility of Clinic-Based Anthropometric Data for Early/Timely Warning Systems: A Case Study from Niger." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 14, no. 4 (December 1992): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659201400414.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of clinic-based anthropometric data for early/timely warning purposes as a part of nutritional surveillance systems. The study combines the unique circumstances of the 1984–1985 Sahelian famine with retrospective time series of cereal prices, morbidity, and anthropometric data. Thus, the behaviour of clinicbased anthropometric data is compared to that of the other series and to the known evolution of the Sahelian famine. A conceptual framework for the use of clinicbased anthropometric data is developed, and time-series and regression techniques are used to explore the hypothesis that routinely collected anthropometric data can provide early indications of impending food emergencies. The clinic-based data performed well in identifying the famine several months in advance of official recognition of a problem and donor mobilization of resources. This suggests that properly analysed clinic data can be useful for the early detection of impending food crises, though further research will be needed to determine the general applicability of this finding. Several methodological issues related to the use of this type of data are explored.
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Benite-Ribeiro, Sandra Aparecida, Viviane Vilela Da Silva, Kamila Lauany Lucas Lima, and Julia Matzenbacher Dos Santos. "Association between blood pressure, body mass index, eating habits, and physical activity in adolescents." Scientia Medica 26, no. 4 (November 24, 2016): 24243. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2016.4.24243.
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Aims: This study sought to analyze blood pressure and its association with eating behavior, physical activity, and body mass index in high school students.Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed with high school students from midwestern Brazil. Blood pressure was measured according to the guidelines outlined by the Brazilian Society of Cardiology. Nutritional status was assessed in accordance with the Brazilian Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar Nutricional, SISVAN), according to the standard reference of the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES II), and the level of physical activity was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form. The chi-square test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used for characterization of the population and comparisons between genders and normotensive and prehypertensive subjects. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to verify the relationship between blood pressure, physical activity, and eating behavior. The significance level was set at p<0.05.Results: Prehypertension was detected in 26% of the students and overweight frequency was higher than the national average (38% for girls and 20% for boys). Concerning eating behavior, students’ nutritional habits were "very good" in 7%, "regular" in 68%, and "poor" in 24%. In bivariate analyses, systolic blood pressure and blood pressure percentile were positively associated with body mass index. In multivariate analyses, there were positive associations between eating behavior and body mass index with diastolic blood pressure: when body mass index was high and the eating behavior score was low (unhealthy eating habits), diastolic blood pressure was high. No relationship was observed between blood pressure and physical activity.Conclusions: The adolescents assessed in this study showed a high frequency of prehypertension. Body mass index was positively associated with high blood pressure, indicating that a high body mass index is a risk factor for the development of hypertension among adolescents. Therefore, early intervention to control body mass index may be a valuable strategy to prevent overweight, obesity, and hypertension.
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Albala, Cecilia, Fernando Vio, Juliana Kain, and Ricardo Uauy. "Nutrition transition in Chile: determinants and consequences." Public Health Nutrition 5, no. 1a (February 2002): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2001283.
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AbstractObjectives:The purpose of this study was to analyse the determinants and consequences of the nutrition transition in Chile and describe the related health promotion policies.Design and setting: This is a descriptive, population-based study including data on demographic, diet, nutrition and biomedical related variables. Data came from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the National Institute of Statistics (INE), the Ministries of Planning, Health and Education surveillance systems, and national surveys.Results:As malnutrition decreased during the 1980s, obesity increased rapidly in all age groups. In adults, currently about 25% of women are obese (body mass index > 30 kgm−2); particularly those from low socio-economic levels. Among pre-schoolers, obesity is now 10% while in 6-year-old children it is 17.5% (weight/height greater than two standard deviations (>2SD) of the World Health Organization reference). Nutritional risk factors are prevalent, diet is changing to a ‘Western diet’ with an increasing fat consumption, and sedentarianism is constant in all groups. High blood pressure (>140/90) is greater than 10% in adults. Diabetes is increasing in urban areas, including in the indigenous population, and more than 40% of adults have a cholesterol level of more than 200mgml−1.Conclusions:Promotion of healthy lifestyles is the main strategy to cope with this situation, particularly changing behaviour in food habits, physical activity and psychosocial factors. Changes in lifestyles will not only allow the prolonged life expectancy to be of better quality, but also will favour a decrease in the morbidity and mortality from chronic diseases, mainly cardiovascular diseases.
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Foley, Wendy, Paul Ward, Patricia Carter, John Coveney, George Tsourtos, and Anne Taylor. "An ecological analysis of factors associated with food insecurity in South Australia, 2002–7." Public Health Nutrition 13, no. 2 (August 26, 2009): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980009990747.
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AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the extent of food insecurity in South Australia and its relationship with a variety of socio-economic variables.DesignData collected routinely from 2002 to 2007 by SA Health were analysed to explore food security in the State’s population. An ecological analysis of data collected by the South Australian Monitoring and Surveillance System (SAMSS) that collects data on key health indicators. Questions on food security are asked periodically from July 2002 to December 2007.SettingSouth Australia.SubjectsOver 37 000 interviewees took part in SAMSS surveys. Questions about food security were asked of 19 037 subjects. The sample was weighted by area, age and gender so that the results were representative of the South Australian population.ResultsSeven per cent (1342/19 037) of subjects reported running out of food during the previous year and not having enough money to buy food (food insecurity). Logistic regression analysis found food insecurity to be highest in households with low levels of education, limited capacity to save money, Aboriginal households, and households with three or more children.ConclusionsThe study confirms that food insecurity is strongly linked to economic disadvantage. Increasing cost of food is likely to exacerbate food insecurity. This is of concern given that food insecurity is associated with poor health, especially obesity and chronic disease. Comprehensive action at all levels is required to address root causes of food insecurity. Regular surveillance is required to continue to monitor levels of food security, but more in-depth understandings, via qualitative research, would be useful.
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Bateman, Lori Brand, LaToya J. O'Neal, Theolishia Smith, Yufeng Li, Theresa A. Wynn, Chen Dai, and Mona N. Fouad. "Policy, System and Environmental Correlates of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in a Low-Income African American Population in the Southeast." Ethnicity & Disease 27, Suppl 1 (November 9, 2017): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.27.s1.355.
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<p class="Pa7"> <strong>Objective: </strong>The current study seeks to identify policy, system and environmental (PSE) correlates of fruit and vegetable consumption among a sample of low-income African Americans in two counties in Alabama (Jefferson and Mobile) and one county in Mississippi (Forrest).</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Design: </strong>A modified Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFFS) survey, which included multi-level ecological factors, was used to evaluate nutritional habits at the pre-intervention stage of a multi-state research study. We surveyed a total of 256 participants between May and August 2015. Local community coalitions established in each of the counties were instrumental in the planning and administration of the baseline survey.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Results: </strong>Univariate analyses revealed that whether participants met the daily recommendation for fruit/vegetable consumption may be correlated with whether participants had children who attended schools/day care centers with health policies in place, received food assistance, and observed media campaigns related to nutrition. Further, results of multivariate analysis indicated that meeting fruit/vegetable recommendations was correlated with personally participating or having a family member who participated in a health policy meeting in the past two years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that policy-based interventions have the potential to improve health outcomes among priority populations, such as low-income African Americans, who are at high risk of developing chronic diseases.</p><p><em>Ethn Dis</em>. 2017;27(Suppl 1):355-362; doi:10.18865/ed.27.S1.355.</p>
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Wallace, Robert B., Brian M. Gryzlak, M. Bridget Zimmerman, and Nicole L. Nisly. "Application of FDA Adverse Event Report Data to the Surveillance of Dietary Botanical Supplements." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 42, no. 5 (April 15, 2008): 653–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1k611.
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Background: Concerns have been raised about the sufficiency of dietary botanical supplement (DBS) surveillance in the US. The Food and Drug Administration's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition's Adverse Event Reporting System (CAERS) represents one of the few existing surveillance mechanisms, but it has not been well characterized with respect to DBS adverse effects. Objective: To characterize data on DBSs associated with adverse event reports submitted to CAERS. Methods: We requested and obtained CAERS data from 1999 to 2003 involving adverse effects associated with the 6 most frequently used DBSs: Echinacea, ginseng, garlic, Ginkgo biloba, St. John's wort, and peppermint. We summarized and characterized the adverse event reports received, focusing on the composition of the DBSs and the nature of associated adverse events. We also cross-referenced reported single-ingredient DBSs with corresponding available product information. A sample of CAERS cases associated with signal DBSs was also characterized in detail. Results: CAERS reports involving ginseng DBSs were most frequently reported during the study period, whereas reports involving St. John's wort were the least frequently reported. Most CAERS reports involved multiple-ingredient DBSs, and 3-13% of reports involved multiple DBSs. Gastrointestinal and neurologic problems were the most common clinical outcomes among single-ingredient DBS-associated adverse events. Conclusions: CAERS surveillance of DBS adverse effects is potentially as effective as other passive surveillance methods, but the number of reports is relatively small, validation is incomplete, and some inconsistencies within reports were found. Reports in CAERS may underrepresent DBS adverse events associated with DBS consumption.
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Veldheer, Susan, Wen-Jan Tuan, Martha Wadsworth, Lawrence Sinoway, Christopher Sciamanna, and Xiang Gao. "Gardening and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) Survey." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 1100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab053_093.
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Abstract Objectives Gardeners may have better health outcomes, and consume more fruits and vegetables (F&V), than non-gardeners. However, this evidence is mainly based on small, non-representative samples. The purpose of this study was to understand differences in dietary and health outcomes between gardeners and non-gardeners using physical activity data from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Methods Adults (age 18+) with complete self-reported physical activity (PA) data were included. Participants were grouped as those who: (1) did not engage in any PA (non-exercisers), (2) reported gardening as their first or second PA (gardeners), or (3) reported any PA other than gardening (exercisers). Logistic and linear regression models identified associations between cardiovascular disease risk factors (self-reported, yes/no for body mass index (BMI)≥ 25 kg/m2, high cholesterol, or hypertension) or F&V intake (times/day, continuous) and group after controlling for age, race, sex, and education level. Results The sample (n = 396,261) was 55% women, majority white (81%), with more than a high school education (66%), and a mean age of 51 years. It was 7.6% gardeners, 65.2% other exercisers, and 27.2% non-exercisers. Gardeners were significantly more likely than exercisers or non-exercisers to be women (60.7% v. 49.3% and 53.4%, P < 0.001), white (85.2% v. 74.7% and 71.2%, P < 0.001), and aged 65+ (36.9% v. 18.8%, 25.9%, P < 0.001). Gardeners consumed more F&V than exercisers and non-exercisers (3.0, v. 2.9, 2.2 times/day, respectively, P < 0.01). Similar significant differences were observed when we further adjusted for aforementioned covariates. Compared to gardeners, non-exercisers were more likely to have a BMI ≥ 25 (adjusted OR (aOR) = 1.2, P < 0.01), high cholesterol (aOR = 1.1, P < 0.01), and hypertension (aOR = 1.2, P < 0.01). Exercisers were less likely than gardeners to have each of these conditions (aOR = 0.93 for BMI ≥ 25; aOR = 0.88 for high cholesterol; and aOR = 0.87 for hypertension; all P < 0.01). Conclusions Gardeners consume F&V more frequently than both exercisers and non-exercisers and they have fewer CVD risk factors than non-exercisers. Given these CVD preventative benefits, gardening should be recommended as a PA particularly for those with diet-related chronic diseases. Funding Sources None.
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Seelman, MS, MBA, Sharon, Stelios Viazis, PhD, Sheila Pack Merriweather, MPH, Tami Craig Cloyd, DVM, Megan Aldridge, MPH, and Kari Irvin, MS. "Integrating the Food and Drug Administration Office of the Coordinated Outbreak Response and Evaluation Network’s foodborne illness outbreak surveillance and response activities with principles of the National Incident Management System." Journal of Emergency Management 19, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.0567.
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The Food Safety Modernization Act mandates building a national Integrated Food Safety System, which represents a seamless partnership among federal, state, local, territorial, and tribal agencies. During multistate foodborne illness outbreak investigations, local and state partners, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), or the United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety Inspection Service, depending on the regulated food product, become engaged and assist in coordinating the efforts between partners involved and determine the allocation of resources. The FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) Office of the Coordinated Outbreak Response and Evaluation (CORE) Network coordinates foodborne illness outbreak surveillance, response, and post-response activities related to incidents involving multiple illnesses linked to FDA-regulated human food, dietary supplements, and cosmetic products. FDA has implemented the National Incident Management System (NIMS) Incident Command System (ICS) principles across the agency to coordinate federal response efforts, and CORE has adapted NIMS ICS principles for the emergency management of multistate foodborne illness outbreaks. CORE’s implementation of ICS principles has provided several benefits to the operational cycle of foodborne illness outbreak investigations, including establishing a consistent, standardized, and transparent step-by-step approach to outbreak investigations. ICS principles have been instrumental in the development of a national platform for rapid and systematic laboratory, traceback, and epidemiologic information sharing, data analysis, and decision-making. This allows for partners across jurisdictions to reach a consensus regarding outbreak goals and objectives, deploy resources, and take regulatory and public health actions.
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Sharifi-Rad, Javad, Célia F. Rodrigues, Zorica Stojanović-Radić, Marina Dimitrijević, Ana Aleksić, Katarzyna Neffe-Skocińska, Dorota Zielińska, et al. "Probiotics: Versatile Bioactive Components in Promoting Human Health." Medicina 56, no. 9 (August 27, 2020): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56090433.
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The positive impact of probiotic strains on human health has become more evident than ever before. Often delivered through food, dietary products, supplements, and drugs, different legislations for safety and efficacy issues have been prepared. Furthermore, regulatory agencies have addressed various approaches toward these products, whether they authorize claims mentioning a disease’s diagnosis, prevention, or treatment. Due to the diversity of bacteria and yeast strains, strict approaches have been designed to assess for side effects and post-market surveillance. One of the most essential delivery systems of probiotics is within food, due to the great beneficial health effects of this system compared to pharmaceutical products and also due to the increasing importance of food and nutrition. Modern lifestyle or various diseases lead to an imbalance of the intestinal flora. Nonetheless, as the amount of probiotic use needs accurate calculations, different factors should also be taken into consideration. One of the novelties of this review is the presentation of the beneficial effects of the administration of probiotics as a potential adjuvant therapy in COVID-19. Thus, this paper provides an integrative overview of different aspects of probiotics, from human health care applications to safety, quality, and control.
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Coveney, John. "Food and trust in Australia: building a picture." Public Health Nutrition 11, no. 3 (March 2008): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007000250.
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AbstractObjectiveTo explore consumer trust in food, especially people’s experiences that support or diminish trust in the food supply; consumer practices to strengthen trust in food; and views on how trust in the food supply could be increased.SettingAdelaide, South Australia.DesignIn-depth qualitative research interviews and focus groups.SubjectsWomen and men who are primary food providers in families (n= 24).ResultsMedia coverage of food scares and scandals and personal experience of food-borne illness challenged respondents’ trust in the food system. Poor retail food handling practices and questionable marketing ploys by food manufacturers also decreased trust. Buying ‘Made-in-Australia’ produce and following food safety procedures at home were important practices to strengthen food trust. Knowledge of procedures for local food inspection and for national food regulation to keep food safe was scanty. Having a strong regulatory environment governing food safety and quality was considered by respondents to be of prime importance for trust building.DiscussionThe dimensions of trust found in this study are consistent with key theoretical aspects of trust. The need for trust in highly complex environments, in this case the food supply, was evident. Trust was found to be integral to food choice, and negative media reports, the sources of which themselves enjoy various levels of dependability, were found to easily damage trust relationships. The lack of visibility of authoritative monitoring and surveillance, misleading food advertising, and poor retail food handling practices were identified as areas that decreased consumer trust. Respondents also questioned the probity of food labelling, especially health claims and other mechanisms designed to guide food choice. The research highlights the role trust plays in food choice. It also emphasises the importance of a visible authoritative presence in the food system to strengthen trust and provide reassurance to consumers.
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Liang, Sharolynne Xiao Tong, Ling Shing Wong, Anto Cordelia Tanislaus Antony Dhanapal, Prakash Balu, and Sinouvassane Djearamane. "THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS OF Spirulina AGAINST HUMAN PATHOGENIC VIRUSES." Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 9, Spl-1- GCSGD_2020 (March 25, 2021): S38—S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18006/2021.9(spl-1-gcsgd_2020).s38.s42.
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Viruses can spread worldwide and the early detection of emerging infectious diseases and outbreaks in humans and animals is important for effective surveillance and prevention. Viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), swine flu, and influenza virus are some of the viruses that spread diseases worldwide. However, the non-availability of effective antiviral drugs and the drug-resistance among the virus and host have become the major problems in controlling viral infections. The natural products from microalgae can be an alternative therapeutic agent to control viral infections in humans. Spirulina is a well-known cyanobacterium that has been consumed by humans as a food supplement for more than centuries without side-effects. Spirulina possesses high nutritional values and provides numerous health benefits to the consumers. Spirulina can be an alternative natural therapeutic agent for numerous virus infections as it contains several bioactive compounds with proven antiviral effect on enveloped viruses (Herpes simplex virus, measles virus, mumps virus) and non-enveloped viruses (astrovirus, rotavirus) by preventing the spread of the virus in the host cells. Spirulina also serves as a natural supplement that strengthens the immune system. This review focuses on the antiviral properties and immunostimulant effects of Spirulina as a potential therapeutic supplement on human health.
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Markon, André O., Olivia E. Jones, Cecile M. Punzalan, Peter Lurie, and Beverly Wolpert. "Caffeinated energy drinks: adverse event reports to the US Food and Drug Administration and the National Poison Data System, 2008 to 2015." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 14 (July 18, 2019): 2531–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019001605.
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AbstractObjective:To describe and compare caffeinated energy drink adverse event (AE) report/exposure call data from the US Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition’s Adverse Event Reporting System (CAERS) and the American Association of Poison Control Centers’ National Poison Data System (NPDS).Design:Cross-sectional.Setting:Data were evaluated from US-based CAERS reports and NPDS exposure calls, including report/exposure call year, age, sex, location, single v. multiple product consumption, outcome, symptom, intentionality (NPDS only), report type, product name (CAERS only).Participants:The analysis defined participants (cases) by the number of caffeinated energy drink products indicated in each AE report or exposure call. Single product cases included 357 from CAERS and 12 822 from NPDS; multiple product cases included 153 from CAERS and 931 from NPDS.Results:CAERS v. NPDS single product cases were older and more frequently indicated serious symptoms. Multiple v. single product consumers were older in both. In CAERS, unlike NPDS, most multiple product consumers were female. CAERS single v. multiple product reports cited higher proportions of life-threatening events, but less often indicated hospitalization and serious events. NPDS multiple v. single product cases involved fewer ≤5-year-olds and were more often intentional.Conclusions:Despite limitations, both data sources contribute to post-market surveillance and improve understanding of public health concerns.
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Liu, Xiao-Bing, Jia-Xi Lu, Li-Juan Wang, Yi-Chun Hu, Rui Wang, De-Qian Mao, Jian Huang, Li-Yun Zhao, Xiao-Guang Yang, and Li-Chen Yang. "Evaluation of Serum Zinc Status of Pregnant Women in the China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance (CACDNS) 2015." Nutrients 13, no. 4 (April 20, 2021): 1375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041375.
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum zinc status of pregnant women in the China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance (CACDNS) in 2015–2016. Methods: A total of 7147 apparently healthy pregnant women were randomly selected in 302 national monitoring sites. Information on age, race, residence region, education, pregnancy, and family income per annum was collected, and the concentration of serum zinc was determined. The evaluation of serum zinc status was further performed according to the recommendations by the International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG). Results: The median concentration of serum zinc was 858.9 μg/L with an interquartile range (IQR) of 712.9 μg/L and 1048.9 μg/L, while the overall prevalence of zinc deficiency was 3.5% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 3.0% and 3.9%. Serum zinc status of pregnant women changed greatly in the different categories, particular in pregnancy and family income per annum (p < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed in the prevalence of zinc deficiency (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The lower prevalence of zinc deficiency generally indicated a better zinc status for pregnant women in the CACDNS in 2015–2016. However, a well-designed evaluation system of zinc status for pregnant women should be continually optimized and improved by inducing more parameters such as biochemical, dietary, or functional indicators.
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Coleone, Joane Diomara, Ericles Andrei Bellei, Mateus Klein Roman, Vanessa Ramos Kirsten, and Ana Carolina Bertoletti De Marchi. "Dietary Intake and Health Status of Elderly Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Cross-sectional Study Using a Mobile App in Primary Care." JMIR Formative Research 5, no. 8 (August 27, 2021): e27454. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/27454.
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Background Healthy dietary intake reduces the risk of complications of diabetes mellitus. Using assessment methods helps to understand these circumstances, and an electronic application may optimize this practice. Objective In this study, we aimed to (1) assess the dietary intake and health status of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in primary care, (2) use a mobile app as a tool for data collection and analysis in the context of primary care, and (3) verify the perceptions of multidisciplinary health professionals regarding app use. Methods First, we developed a mobile app comprised of the questions of the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) of Brazil, which includes a food frequency questionnaire of food categories with a recall of the previous 7 days. Thereafter, we used the app to collect data on the health status and dietary intake of 154 participants, aged 60-96 years, diagnosed with T2DM, and under treatment in primary care centers in the northern region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We also collected participants’ demographic, anthropometric, biochemical, and lifestyle variables. The associations between dietary intake and other variables were tested using chi-square tests with a 5% significance level. Regarding the app, we assessed usability and acceptance with 20 health professionals. Results Between August 2018 and December 2018, participants had an intake in line with recommended guidelines for raw salads (57.1%), fruits (76.6%), milk products (68.2%), fried foods (72.7%), savory biscuits (60.4%), cookies or sweets (72.1%), and sugary drinks (92.9%) Meanwhile, the consumption of beans (59.7%), pulses and cooked vegetables (73.4%), and processed meat products (59.7%) was not in line with the guidelines. There were statistically significant differences in meeting the recommended guidelines among participants of different genders (P=.006 and P=.035 for the intake of fried foods and sugary drinks, respectively), place of residence (P=.034 for the intake of cookies and sweets), family history of diabetes (P<.001 for the intake of beans), physical activity engagement (P=.003 for the intake fresh fruits), history of smoking (P=.001 for the intake of raw salads), and presence of coronary disease (P=.050 for the intake of pulses and cooked vegetables). The assessment of usability resulted in a mean score of 71.75 points. Similarly, the assessment of the 15 acceptance questions revealed high scores, and the qualitative questions revealed positive perceptions. Conclusions We identified that most participants complied with recommended intake guidelines for 7 of 10 categories in the SISVAN guidelines. However, most participants were overweight and had nutritional and clinical disorders, which justifies further investigations in this population. The app was well-rated by health professionals and considered a useful and promising tool for collecting and analyzing data in primary care settings.
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Wang, Deguo, Yongzhen Wang, Kai Zhu, Lijia Shi, Meng Zhang, Jianghan Yu, and Yanhong Liu. "Detection of Cassava Component in Sweet Potato Noodles by Real-Time Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (Real-time LAMP) Method." Molecules 24, no. 11 (May 29, 2019): 2043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24112043.
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Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) noodles are a traditional Chinese food with a high nutritional value; however, starch adulteration is a big concern. The objective of this study was to develop a reliable method for the rapid detection of cassava (Manihot esculenta) components in sweet potato noodles to protect consumers from commercial adulteration. Five specific Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) primers targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of cassava were designed, genomic DNA was extracted, the LAMP reaction system was optimized, and the specificity of the primers was verified with genomic DNA of cassava, Ipomoea batatas, Zea mays, and Solanum tuberosum; the detection limit was determined with a serial dilution of adulterated sweet potato starch with cassava starch, and the real-time LAMP method for the detection of the cassava-derived ingredient in sweet potato noodles was established. The results showed that the real-time LAMP method can accurately and specifically detect the cassava component in sweet potato noodles with a detection limit of 1%. Furthermore, the LAMP assay was validated using commercial sweet potato noodle samples, and results showed that 57.7% of sweet potato noodle products (30/52) from retail markets were adulterated with cassava starch in China. This study provides a promising solution for facilitating the surveillance of the commercial adulteration of sweet potato noodles from retail markets.
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Gross, Rainer, and Noel W. Solomons. "Multiple Micronutrient Deficiencies: Future Research Needs." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 24, no. 3_suppl_1 (January 2003): S42—S53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15648265030243s108.
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There has been a rising current of calls for a moratorium on international nutritional research in favor of an investment in intervention programs, per se. The topic of multiple-micronutrient supplementation reviewed at the International Workshop on Multi-Micronutrient Deficiency Control in the Life Cycle (May 30–June 1, 2001) has confirmed once again, however, the intimate interaction between program development and a supporting agenda of applied research. The areas of research required to produce successful intervention programs include biologic availability, safety and efficacy, communications and behavior, effectiveness, cost-effectiveness (efficiency), and food and pharmaceutical technology. Attention to safety and surveillance for unintended adverse effects has acquired new relevance as we analyze the multi-center International Research on Infant Supplementation (IRIS) I studies. All professionals involved in research projects in this area must assure both the quality and reliability of investigations and adhere to the highest principles of ethical conduct of research in human studies. The fundamental principles of research design and hypothesis development, quality assurance, reliability of measurements, and sound and unbiased interpretation of findings apply to all experimental science, and must be guaranteed for this mission. Agencies, academic institutions, and industry alike must work to create a system in which researchers can uphold these standards, and realize at the same time that the area of multi-micronutrient supplementation in developing countries can be a fertile area for training future researchers.