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1
Hinze, Candace. "The role of malnutrition in prolonged respiratory failure : the effect of accelerated nutritional rehabilitation." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22740.
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To investigate the possibility that malnutrition is an important factor that prolongs respiratory failure (PRF), I studied the effects of pharmacologic injections of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH), an important anabolic stimulus, on nutritional and respiratory parameters in patients requiring mechanical ventilation for more than three days. Patients were excluded from consideration if dominating factors known to prolong ventilatory failure had not been stabilized. Over ten months, 106 patients in PRF were evaluated, but only six met the selection criteria. Three patients were randomized to receive standard nutritional support, and three into a group that received the equivalent nutrition plus 5 mg/day of rhGH for 14 days or until withdrawal of mechanical ventilation. Baseline characteristics of the selected patients were divergent as demonstrated by body mass indexes ranging from 14 to 42 (kg/m$ sp2),$ baseline maximal inspiratory pressures (PI$ sb{ max}$ from $-$15 to $-$70 cm H$ sb2$O, and Day 1 N balances from $-$13.5 to 1.2 g N/day. Despite increased plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations, the mean daily N balances of the rhGH-treated group were no better than the controls (1.3 $ pm$ 5.0 vs. 0.4 $ pm$ 2.6 g N/day; Mean $ pm$ SD), nor were there differences in PI$ sb{ max},$ level of ventilatory assistance required, and days to weaning. The persistence of respiratory failure in the overwhelming majority of patients in PRF appears to be due to factors already known to prevent weaning from mechanical ventilation. Even the carefully selected patients enrolled in the present study were insufficiently homogeneous or stable enough to allow proper testing of the experimental hypothesis.
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Chehade, Joyce P. "Nutritional status and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55487.
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The present study was performed to determine whether ongoing oxidative stress in some BPD infants contributes to their increased energy expenditure leading to growth failure. The study consisted of two parts. The first is a descriptive census of BPD infants (n = 38) followed at the outpatient clinics at The Montreal Children's Hospital (MCH). The second is a cross-sectional study of fifteen patients wherein anthropometric parameters, energy intake, and oxidative stress measures (red cell glutathione (GSH) and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA)) were assessed. Nine infants with growth failure were compared to six thriving infants with respect to their nutritional and oxidative stress status. Growth failure was defined as weight for age and weight for height for age less than the tenth percentile (z score $ leq - 1).$ Results revealed that the prevalence of growth failure in the BPD infants followed at MCH ranged between 45% and 55%. The mean ($ pm$ SD) energy intakes for thriving and failing to thrive infants expressed as a percent of the recommended nutrient intake were 104 $ pm$ 46% and 133 $ pm$ 35% respectively. Six infants had reduced mean ($ pm$ SD) blood glutathione per hemoglobin (3.63 $ pm$ 0.37 umol/g) compared to adult controls (6.57 $ pm$ 1.04 umol/g). Four of the six infants had growth failure while two were thriving. Fourteen Infants including all failing to thrive infants had elevated mean ($ pm$ SD) plasma MDA levels compared to adult controls (129 $ pm$ 48 vs 55 $ pm$ 3 nmol/l). Differences in oxidative stress markers were not observed between the two groups. These results suggest that growth failure is associated with an increase in caloric consumption and not with a decrease in caloric intake. The preliminary findings on oxidative stress markers suggest a depletion of the GSH antioxidant in some infants and marked lipid peroxidation in the BPD population.
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Power, Harold Michael. "A study of iron nutrition and immunity in infancy." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25837.
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Motivation and study design: Iron deficiency is a common condition in infancy, particularly in lower socio-economic groups. In Cape Town it remains a problem in spite of public health measures taken against it: a recent survey found a prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia of 34% in healthy 1-year old term infants who had ready access to a municipal health clinic where iron fortified milk formula is sold at subsidized prices. The consequences of iron deficiency extend beyond anaemia- to involve all organ systems including the immune system. Since Helen Mackay's report in 1928 of a striking decrease in incidents of infection in infants treated with iron, clinicians have assumed that iron deficiency predisposes to infection. Despite a sound theoretical basis for this belief, the clinical evidence for the assumption is poor as studies to date have displayed methodological deficiencies. On the other hand, iron is also essential for the growth of micro-organisms. As such, supplemental iron may predispose to infection. Indeed, there is much laboratory and clinical evidence to show that excess iron can result in the recrudescence of quiescent infections and increase the virulence of newly acquired infections. Thus, the competition between host and parasite may sometimes hinge on the relative availability of iron and it has been speculated that excess iron in infant milk formula may increase susceptibility to infectious diarrhoeal disease. The problem addressed by this thesis was to determine the utility of increasing the level of iron fortification of infant milk formula. Three questions were posed: Does increasing the level of iron fortification of conventional infant milk formula improve the iron nutrition of normal infants fed on the formula? Does increased iron fortification of infant milk formula alter immunity as reflected by incidence of infection and laboratory tests of immune function? Are there any handful effects of increasing the quantity of iron in conventional infant milk formula? A double blind randomized trial was carried out in 1983 and 1984 to answer these questions. A group of 149 healthy, well-nourished infants from a lower socio-economic community of so called Cape Coloureds were followed from the age of 3 months to 1 year. Half of the infants, the Control group, were given a commercially available infant milk formula (Lactogen Full Protein) which has 8.3 mg Fe/ 100 g formula and 37 mg ascorbic acid/ 100 g. The other half of subjects, the Test group, were given the same milk formula but fortified with iron to a concentration of 40 mg Fe/ 100 g. The children were examined every 3 or 4 weeks and any infection or history of infection was noted. Laboratory tests were done at the start of the trial and again on completion. During the trial, laboratory tests were performed only if clinically indicated. The tests included full blood count and differential analysis, red cell zinc protoporphyrin, plasma ferritin, plasma and hair zinc and lymphocyte subtyping with monoclonal antibodies. Within each group, half of the infants were randomly selected for assay of neutrophil bactericidal activity. The other half were assayed for lymphocyte blastogenic response to stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin. Tests of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity to Candida antigen and PPD were done and all children and their mothers had antibodies to tetanus and polio determined. Results: 74 infants in the Control group started the trial and 62 completed it. In the Test group, 75 infants began and 70 completed the study. Intake of milk and solid foods was not quantified, but the ages of weaning and of introduction of new foods were determined. The Control and Test groups did not differ significantly on any test item. The mean age of completion of weaning was 3.60 months for the Control group and 4.04 months for the Test group. The Control group was first given meat or fish at a mean age of 5.19 months; the Test. group had meat or fish introduced to their diets at a mean age of 4.36 months. These differences were not statistically significant. The children in the Control group were lighter and shorter than the Test group at the end of the year. Mean standard deviation scores for weight were 0.23 and 0.48 respectively (P = 20%), while for length the SD scores were -0.13 and 0.06 (P = 20%).
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Chan, Hiu-ting, and 陳曉庭. "The effect of diet intake on vascular function and therapeutic effect of cardiovascular medicine in patients with cardiovascular disease." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50434342.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain to be the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Hong Kong and worldwide. Among different modifiable risk factors, dietary pattern is on the major determinant for CVD and overall mortality. Other than pharmacological therapies for cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes, maintaining a healthy diet is a more sustainable method in general population to prevent CVDs. Current lifestyle intervention in the West countries focus on high intake of fruit and vegetables with more than 400g per day and limited saturated fats with less than 10% of energy, there is very limited data on impact of dietary pattern on CVDs in Chinese. Prior studies among Chinese in Hong Kong have shown that only half of the local population fell within these recommended ranges for fat, saturated fatty acid and cholesterol intakes.
Several different dietary patterns have been recommended for CVDs prevention based on: i) food groups, such as Mediterranean diet, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet; ii) macronutrients: the low-carbohydrate diet, low glycemic index diet, very-low- fat diet and iii) nutrition or vitamin supplement. However, the effect of different dietary patterns based on modulations of food group, macronutrients and particular micronutrients on vascular structure and function in Chinese subjects is unclear. In the first part of this thesis, the relationships between different dietary pattern and surrogate markers of subclinical atherosclerosis and vascular function in different high risk populations for CVDs were investigated.
In Chapter 3, we compared the assessment of dietary pattern in Chinese using different tool, including Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ); Dietary Record; and Dietitian assessment. In this study, we demonstrated that suitable dietary assessments tools should be chosen for the assessment of different dietary pattern, according to characteristics of assessments.
In Chapter 4, the relationship between the fruit intake and subclinical atherosclerosis as measured by carotid intimal thickness (IMT) was investigated in patient with type II diabetes mellitus (DM). Our results showed that high fruit intake was associated with lower burden of carotid atherosclerosis, independent of level of vitamin intake in patients with type II DM.
In Chapter 5, we compared the impact of high carbohydrate diet on arterial stiffness between control subjects without CVDs and patients with high risk for CVDs. Our findings showed that high carbohydrate diet mainly affected patients with established CVDs, and their increased arterial stiffness was associated with an elevation of blood pressure.
In Chapter 6, we determined the effect of dietary vitamin intake on oxidative stress in patients with high risk of CVDs. In those high risk patients for CVDs, we demonstrated that increased dietary intake of vitamin A, beta-carotene and alpha tocopherol were associated with decreased oxidative stress, but these relationships were not observed in those control subjects without CVDs. It is likely attributed to the higher systemic oxidative stress levels in patients with high risk of CVDs.
On the other hand, food intake may also affect the clinical efficacy of cardiovascular therapies. In particularly, it has been well established that herbal intake which is commonly used by Chinese can affect the anticoagulant effect of warfarin on patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF). Thus, in this second part of the thesis, we investigated the effect of concomitant herbal intake on anticoagulation control in patients with non-valvular AF treated with warfarin. Our results showed that patients with AF treated with warfarin had limited knowledge on potential interaction between herbal substances in foods and warfarin, in which increased herbal substances intake significantly reduced the percentage time of anticoagulant effect within the therapeutic range. Moreover, a single section of education on knowledge of herbal ingredients did not improve their percentage time of therapeutic range for these patients.
In conclusion, these findings suggest that dietary pattern in Chinese might have significant impact of vascular function in patients with type II DM and high risk for CVDs. Moreover, the herbal substances in the diet among Chinese could have significant impact of the therapeutic effects in some of the cardiovascular medications, such as warfarin. Future clinical studies will be needed to confirm these potential beneficial effects of particular diet intake on vascular function in patients with high risks of CVDs as well as potential interaction between herbal substances in Chinese diet and cardiovascular medications.published_or_final_version
Medicine
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Hum, Susan. "Glutathione metabolism in the rat under varied nutritional conditions." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59940.
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We developed a methodology to measure plasma hepatic glutathione (GSH) turnover and we tested it in rats treated with an inhibitor of GSH synthesis. Our goal was to determine whether protein intakes above NRC recommendations maximize hepatic GSH stores and turnover in vivo. We also wished to learn if plasma GSH, cysteine, or methionine concentrations or plasma GSH turnover could be used as noninvasive predictors of liver GSH status. Rats were fed purified diets containing 0, 5, 10, 20 or 40% casein for one week. The 0 and 5% casein diets were considered inadequate in protein, 10% marginal, 20% adequate and 40% excessive. Liver GSH content (mmol/liver) of rats fed 0 and 5% casein diets was 12.29 $ pm$ 1.11 and 16.43 $ pm$ 0.95, respectively, and increased to 23.62 $ pm$ 1.82 in the 10% group. Liver GSH content did not differ between the 20 and 40% groups. As dietary casein increased from 0-20%, free plasma GSH and cysteine concentrations and plasma GSH turnover increased, but did not increase further with the 40% diet. A sigmoidal relationship between plasma GSH turnover and hepatic GSH content was demonstrated. The best predictor of liver GSH content was not free plasma GSH concentration nor plasma GSH turnover, but the free plasma cysteine concentration.
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Gerasimidis, Konstantinos. "Nutritional aspects and gut microbiota in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease." Thesis, Thesis restricted. Connect to e-thesis to view abstract, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/826/.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2009.Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Division of Developmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, 2009. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
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Haddad, Donna L. "Nutritional status indicators in hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=67536.
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Malnutrition, as evidenced by low weight for height, low triceps skinfold thickness and low midarm muscle circumference, is prevalent among COPD patients. A stepped decline in nutritional status has been postulated as a mechanism for malnutrition wherein patients progressively suffer weight loss with each COPD exacerbation. A randomized clinical trial of continuous enteral nutrition could not successfully address whether or not the stepped decline in weight can be prevented. Despite this, sixteen patients admitted for a COPD exacerbation, participated in an observational prospective study wherein anthropometric, biochemical, dynamometric, respiratory, general well-being and energy consumption measures were obtained. Twelve patients had body weights below 90% of ideal weight. The mean energy intake was 107% $ pm$ 30 of estimated resting energy expenditure. Measures were repeated to assess changes during hospitalization. Weight change was a poor indicator of nutritional status. Midarm muscle circumference and handgrip strength appear to be useful as nutritional status indicators among unstable hospitalized COPD patients. Changes in handgrip strength and midarm muscle circumference were closely linked (r =.78, p $<$ 0.0005) and tended to decrease over the course of hospitalization despite clinical improvement. In the absence of adequate nutrition, COPD patients have at least as much risk of developing iatrogenic malnutrition as are other hospitalized medical patients.
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Saudny-Unterberger, Helga. "Impact of nutritional support on changes in functional status during an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23294.
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Despite the acknowledged importance of nutritional support for COPD patients, it is difficult to accomplish in acutely stressed individuals. A randomized trial of nutritional supplementation during an acute exacerbation was carried out in 16 hospitalized patients for a 2 week period. Six control patients consumed a standard diet supplying 1,951 $ pm$ 130 (mean $ pm$ SEM) kcal and 80 $ pm$ 6 g protein/d, while ten treatment patients, in addition to the usual diet received oral supplements (Ensure) or snacks, resulting in an intake of 2,516 $ pm$ 129 kcal (p = 0.012) and 99 $ pm$ 6 g protein/d (p = 0.059). Although the treatment subjects improved their intake over the control group, no significant improvement in nutritional status occurred in either group.Forced vital capacity (FVC % predicted) improved significantly over the study period in treated vs control subjects (+11.10 $ pm$ 4.63 vs $-$4.50 $ pm$ 2.14; p = 0.026). Nitrogen balances were calculated for 9 subjects, and all were in negative balance ($-$8.42 $ pm$ 1.74 g nitrogen/d) with no difference between groups.
Because of the high doses of methylprednisolone administered (69.6 $ pm$ 8.3 mg/d), and their known catabolic effects, we examined whether the dose affected nitrogen balance and muscle strength. Both nitrogen balance (r = $-$0.73; p = 0.025) and grip strength (r = $-$0.76; p $<$ 0.001) worsened with higher doses of steroids. The catabolic process may have resulted from elevated energy requirements, inadequate intake of protein and energy or been induced by high doses of steroids.
Hospitalized COPD patients are highly stressed and catabolic, and the means to preventing protein wasting during an acute exacerbation of their disease remains to be established. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Ndeffo, Mbah Martial Loth. "Optimizing epidemic control under economic constraints." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609007.
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Ambrosini, Gina L. "Dietary risk factors for prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia." University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0135.
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[Truncated abstract] This thesis examines the potential role of dietary intake in the development of two common conditions affecting the prostate gland; prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Diet is of interest as a potential risk factor for prostate cancer because of geographical variations in prostate cancer incidence and increased prostate cancer risks associated with migration from Asian to western countries. Some geographical variation has been suggested for BPH, but this is less certain. However, both prostate cancer and BPH have potential links with diet through their positive associations with sex hormone levels, metabolic syndrome, increased insulin levels and chronic inflammation. In addition, zinc is an essential dietary micronutrient required for semen production in the prostate gland. The original work for this thesis is presented in six manuscripts of which, four have been published in peer-reviewed journals (at the time of thesis completion). BPH investigated in this thesis is defined as surgically-treated BPH. The following hypotheses were investigated. Regarding foods, nutrients and the risk of prostate cancer and BPH: 1. Increasing intakes of fruits, vegetables and zinc are inversely associated with the risk of prostate cancer and BPH 2. Increasing intakes of total fat and calcium are positively associated with the risk of prostate cancer and BPH. 3. Dietary patterns characterised by high meat, processed meat, calcium and fat content are positively associated with the risk of prostate cancer and BPH. 4. Dietary patterns characterised by high fruit and vegetable and low meat content are inversely associated with the risk of prostate cancer and BPH. v Regarding methodological issues related to the study of diet-disease relationships: 5. Dietary patterns (overall diet) elicited from principal components analysis yield stronger diet-disease associations than when studying isolated nutrients. 6. Remotely recalled dietary intake is reliable enough to be used in studies of chronic disease with long latency periods, such as prostate cancer and BPH. Methods: Data from two studies was used to address the hypotheses above. ... Based on the literature reviewed and the original work for this thesis, the most important dietary risk factors for prostate cancer and BPH appear to be those common to western style diets, i.e. diets high in red meat, processed meat, refined grains, dairy products, and low in fruit and vegetables. This type of diet is likely to result in marginal intakes of antioxidants and fibre, excess intakes of fat and possibly, moderate intakes of carcinogens associated with processed meat and meat cooked at high temperatures. These dietary factors have been linked with biomarkers of inflammation, and they support the hypotheses that chronic inflammation is involved in the development of both prostate cancer and BPH. In addition, this work builds on evidence that zinc is an important factor in prostate health. There is scope for more investigation into the reliability of dietary patterns and the use of nutrient patterns as an alternative to focussing on single food components. Further studies on the reliability of remote dietary intake would also be useful. Because of the latency of chronic disease, it can be theorised that remote dietary recall may uncover more robust diet-disease relationships.
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Filkowski, Jody, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "The effect of pathogens on plant genome stability." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Biological Sciences, 2004, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/254.
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Resistance (R) genes, a key factor in determining the resistance of plants, have been shown often to be highly allelic entities existing in duplicated regions of the genome. This characteristic suggests that R-gene acquisition may have arisen through frequent genetic rearrangements as a result of transient, reduced genome stability. Tabacco plants transgenic for a recombination construct exhibited reduced genome stability upon infection with a virulent pathogen (tobacco mosaic virus). The reduced genome stability manifested as an increase in recombination events in the transgene. Such increases were observed following a virulent pathogen attack. This increase in recombination was shown to be systemic and was observed prior to systemic viral movement suggesting the presence of a systemic recombination signal. Further molecular analyses revealed that specific R-gene loci experience a large frequency of rearrangements following a virulent pathogen encounter. The possible targeting of instability to R-gene regions may be controlled through epigenetic processes, in particular, DNA methylation.xiii, 119 leaves ; 29 cm.
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Minkus, Tracy M. "The effect of low dietary zinc on outcome of primary and challenge nematode infections in mice /." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59808.
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The effect of low dietary zinc on the survival and reproduction of an intestinal nematode (Heligmosomoides polygyrus) during both primary (Experiment 1) and challenge (Experiment 2) infections was investigated. Plasma zinc concentrations were significantly lower in mice fed a 5 ppm zinc diet (ZR), compared with control mice fed a 60 ppm zinc diet (C) in both experiments. There were no significant differences between ZR and C mice in any other zinc parameter or on worm burdens or worm fecundity in either experiment. Comparisons between the primary infection and the challenge infection did suggest a possible effect of calorie restriction on worm burdens.Parasitic infection did, however, affect the host nutritional status. Spleen weight was significantly higher in infected mice in both experiments. In the challenge infection, both liver and spleen copper concentrations were significantly higher, and spleen iron concentration significantly lower in the infected mice. That these significant results were seen only in the challenge infection may suggest the role of the host immune response.
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Shi, Hai Ning. "Interactions among zinc deficiency, energy restriction, immunity and Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda) infection in mice." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40251.
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Interactions among zinc deficiency, energy restriction, immunity and Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda) infection in mice were investigated. Mice were fed zinc-sufficient (Zn+: 60mg zinc/kg diet), zinc-deficient (Zn$-$: 0.75 mg/kg) or pair-fed (PF) diets. Liver and serum zinc concentrations were reduced in Zn$-$ mice, but zinc content of worms was unaffected by host diet. Both zinc deficiency and energy restriction accelerated worm maturation during a primary infection, but zinc deficiency caused stunting of female worms. Energy restriction led to a anteriorad distribution of worms along the intestine whereas zinc deficiency led to a posteriorad distribution. Enhanced parasite survival in Zn$-$ and PF mice was associated with a decreased immune response in both primary and challenge infections. In the primary infection, spleen cell production of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-$ gamma$), peripheral eosinophilia and serum levels of IgE and IgG1 were reduced by zinc deficiency, whereas the reduced delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and impaired interleukin-5 (IL-5) production were attributed to energy restriction. In the challenge infection, reduced antibody levels (total IgE and IgG1, parasite-specific IgG1 and IgG3) and eosinophilia were attributed to zinc deficiency whereas the higher worm numbers were attributed to a combined effect of zinc deficiency and energy restriction. Although the absolute number of spleen cells was reduced in both Zn$-$ and PF mice, neither deficiency altered the proportion of the cell subpopulations. In vitro functional assays in response to parasite antigen (Ag) revealed that T cell proliferation was reduced by a direct effect of zinc deficiency on T cells, and by the effects of energy restriction on antigen presenting cells (APC). Impaired cytokine production in Zn$-$ mice was more complex. Zinc deficiency reduced T cell function (IL-4 production), energy restriction decreased T cell (IFN-$ gamma$ productio
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Leclerc, Hélène. "Effects on manipulating the anion-cation balance in rations for prepartum dairy cows on hypocalcemic parturient paresis." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65421.
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Mason, Lisa Ringhausen. "Comparison of two methods of teaching the diabetic diet to elderly women." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42118.
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Thirty females, 55 to 70 years old, participated in an investigation comparing two methods of teaching the diabetic diet. Subjects were required to take the WRAT-R, a test which assessed their reading capabilities. Only those scoring at the seventh grade level or below qualified for this investigation. Following the test, subjects were assigned to one of two groups. Participants in Group 1 received one-on-one instructions of Healthy Food Choices, whereas participants in Group 2 received videotaped instructions of Healthy Food Choices. Healthy Food Choices is a more simplified meal planning tool designed for those that cannot understand the concepts of the Exchange Lists for Meal Planning.
Participants were instructed by the researcher, either on videotape or one-on-one. A follow-up visit occurred in a mean of 10.3 days to assess comprehension of the instructions provided. Each participant was contacted again by telephone in a mean of 28.7 days from the follow-up visit to assess long-term retention of the instructions they were provided. The sample menu collected from the two contacts provided data on choice deletions and additions. These data were analyzed by t-tests. There were no statistically significant differences found between diabetic diet instructions done by videotape or one-on-one at either follow-up visit or telephone contact. In this sample, videotaped instructions of the diabetic diet were just as effective as one-on-one instructions.Master of Science
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Evaneshko, Veronica. "Exploratory data analysis of type II diabetes among Navajo Indians." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276762.
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This research explicated the use of exploratory data analysis in describing type II diabetes mellitus among the Navajo Indians. A sample of 98 diagnosed diabetics was obtained from a retrospective chart review and had a 1.3:1 female to male ratio, a median age of 58.6 years, and a mean duration for diabetes of 7.66 years. Other characteristics included a median age at diagnosis of 50 years, a median weight prior to diagnosis (expressed in percent desired weight) of 140%, and a median blood glucose value at time of diagnosis of 241 mg/dl. The distribution patterns for age, weight, and blood glucose revealed several asymmetry problems which had implications for the appropriateness of using parametric statistics in numerical summarizations. Bivariate analyses revealed a negative association between age at diagnosis and percent desired weight prior to diagnosis. This finding identifies the risk that obesity brings to the young and that aging brings to the non-obese, Navajo Indian.
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Nielsen, Kim. "The effects of iron deficiency on the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of albendazole in mice infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus /." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68228.
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The aim of this research was to determine the influence of iron deficiency on both the efficacy and metabolic patterns of albendazole in mice infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Anthelmintic efficacy was markedly decreased in iron-deficient mice; the deficiency was also associated with a decrease in body weight, altered hematological parameters and a decreased net egg output; worm establishment in the deficient group was not affected by the deficiency. Although anthelmintic efficacy was significantly decreased by the iron deficiency, plasma concentration profiles of the main metabolites, albendazole sulphoxide and albendazole sulphone, were not changed by the deficiency. Levels of intestinal cytochrome P-450, the main metabolizing enzyme of albendazole however, was significantly depressed in iron-deficient mice. These observations suggest that although pharmacokinetic parameters are not affected by iron deficiency, nutritional status has the potential to influence anthelmintic efficacy and thus warrants further study.
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Coe, Ellen Moster. "The correlation between changes in conicity index and changes in other risk factors for coronary heart disease at baseline and after a six- month intervention program." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/941352.
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The emphasis of the study was to determine the degree of correlation between the Conicity Index and known risk factors for heart disease. Conicity Index was shown in one study to be a useful screening tool in assessing the relationship between body composition and risk for heart disease. This study was designed to provide nutrition education and teach lifestyle modification to fourteen Veteran's Affairs patients. Change in specific risk factors including Waist-to-Hip Ratio, Body Mass Index, serum lipid levels and dietary intakes were correlated with change in Conicity Index over the six month study. Results from the present study did not suggest that the Conicity Index would serve as an effective screening tool for the present population. Mean body weight, body mass index, hip circumference, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, total caloric and fat intake all decreased significantly as a result of the program. Through nutrition education, behavior modification and group support, the risk for heart disease was successfully modified in this population.Department of Family and Consumer Sciences
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McCune, Letitia M. "Antioxidants in Canadian boreal forest : indigenous medicinal plant treatments in relation to non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36654.
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Medicinal plants, as part of traditional ingestion practices, may contain antioxidants to combat the oxidative stress which is implicated in prediabetes as well as many of the complications of diabetes, As Indigenous Peoples move further from their traditional lifestyles, and therefore their use of medicinal plants, incidence of diabetes has increased dramatically, Those medicinal plants of the boreal forest that have been used for 3 or more symptoms of diabetes or its complications were selected for analysis. Three different assays (DPPH, NBT/xanthine oxidase and DCF/APPH) determined the antioxidant activity of 35 medicinal plant species. The majority of the species (89%) had free radical scavenging activity significantly greater than the market produce tested (Tukey, P < 0.05), 63% had superoxide scavenging activities similar to vitamin C, and eight species had free radical scavenging activity similar to green tea. Considering that many of these species are also used for food or beverage they represent an antioxidant benefit to the traditional lifestyle. Among the parts used medicinally, roots and barks were used the most frequently with activity in the order of fruit > bark > leaves > roots. The perennials selected had activity in rank trees > shrubs > herbs and the activity associated with habitat found rocky areas > woodland > wet/boggy habitats. Species used for symptoms such as diarrhea, rheumatism, tonic and heart/chest pain were typically high in antioxidant activity. Using cluster analysis it was determined that species used for diarrhea and heart disease as well as those used for a combination of tonic, sores, urinary, blood, pregnancy and boils could also be species with high antioxidant activity. The greater the number of symptoms a species was used for, the greater the activity. Three species with high antioxidant activities, Rhus hirta, Cornus stolonifera and Solidago canadensis, inhibited TNF production in human macrophage cells suggesting a po
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Carcaise-Edinboro, Patricia. "The relationship of dietary beta-carotene intake and serum beta- carotene levels to the development of oral lesions in smokeless tobacco users." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42097.
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This study was designed to assess the relationship of dietary and serum beta-carotene to the development of oral lesions in smokeless tobacco users. Eighty eight smokeless tobacco users without oral lesions and 18 with lesions participated in the study. Dietary intake of beta-carotene,
personal health habits and selected dietary intake were analyzed by questionnaire. Serum levels were assessed by high pressure liquid chromotography. No correlation between dietary beta-carotene intake and serum beta-carotene levels was observed. Results of t-test analysis indicated no significant difference in the mean serum or dietary intake of
beta-carotene between the groups. Mean serum beta-carotene for group-I, users without oral lesions and group-2, users with oral lesions were 12.3 ug/dl(I.02 SE), and 10.6 ug/dl(1.59 SE), respectively. Stepwise regression techniques were employed to assess the influence of selected variables on
serum beta-carotene. The effects of smoking, smokeless tobacco exposure, alcohol consumption, and age as well as other dietary indices were evaluated. Age (O.015,p
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Ross, Ian Lindsay. "Mechanisms of biocontrol of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici by Pseudomonas corrugata strain 2140 : genetic and biochemical aspects." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr824.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: leaves 207-220. Pseudomonas corrigata strain 2140 (Pc2140), isolated from wheat field soil in Australia, antagonises the take-all fungus, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt) in vitro and significantly reduces take-all symptoms on wheat in pot trials. This study investigates the mechanisms by which the biocontrol agent reduces the disease symptoms. Biochemical analysis of metabolites of P. corrugata 2140 reveal a number of compounds potentially antagonistic to Ggt and which may play a role in disease control. These include water-soluble antibiotics, siderophores, proteases, peptides and volatiles including hydrogen cyanide.
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Yang, Zhenbiao. "Gene regulation in a pathogen-plant interaction: soft rot erwinias versus potato tubers." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39693.
Full textAbstract:
Erwinia soft rot is a widespread disease destructive to numerous
important crop plants. Damage to plants is primarily due to celldegrading
enzymes (CDEs) secreted by the bacteria. I am interested in
potato (Solanum tuberosum) soft rot because it is of agricultural importance
and it represents an ideal model system for understanding molecular
events in plant-pathogen interactions. Much has been learned in
vitro about the molecular genetics of CDEs in the past decade; however,
little is known about their expression in plantae To study expression
of genes for these enzymes during pathogenesis and plant responses to
erwinias or their enzymes, I developed a membrane-separated system for
simultaneous studies of potato and bacterial gene expression. This system
facilitates the isolation of plant tissue-free bacterial cells and
bacteria-free plant tissue for subsequent analysis of gene expression by
RNA blot hybridization. Using this system, I demonstrated that in compatible
interactions, rnRNAs for three Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora
(Ecc) CDE genes were induced to high levels and were induced sequentially: exo-pectate lyase (PL), endo-PL, and then endopolygalacturonase
(PG) with maximal mRNA accumulations at 6, 9, and 12
hr, respectively. Induction of these mRNAs was well correlated with
tissue maceration. In the incompatible interaction, however, induction
of all three Ecc genes was reduced several-fold compared to the compatible
interaction. The kinetics of mRNA accumulation during pathogenesis
were distinct from those of in vitro accumulation induced by polygalacturonic
acid. My results confirm that in planta expression of
these genes was induced by exo-PL reaction products as suggested by
other researchers. In studies of plant genes correlated with plant
responses to pathogens and environmental stresses [plant defenseresponse
(PDR) genes], I also showed Ecc triggered active responses distinct
from wound responses. I used gene probes for phenylalanine ammonia-
lyase (PAL) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase
(HMGR), key genes in the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid- and terpenoidderived
compounds believed to be important in plant defenses. Ecc
inoculation caused much more rapid and greater increases in PAL mRNA and
enzyme activity levels in potato tuber than wounding alone. Escherichia
coli, a non-plant pathogen, carrying a plasmid which encodes Ecc
endo-PL, also induced PAL mRNA accumulation. Ecc induced a specific
HMGR isogene (HMGR1) not activated by wounding. My results support the
existence of an HMGR mul-ci-gene family. Wounding resulted in a rapid
and transient accumulation of HMGR2 mRNA followed by a slower accumulation
of HMGR3 mRNA. These isogenes are distinct from the Ecc-induced
HMGRI gene.Ph. D.
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Rudkowska, Iwona. "Efficacy of plant sterols in novel matrices on blood lipids profiles : medium chain triglycerides and low-fat products consumed with or without a meal." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111899.
Full textAbstract:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk can be lowered by introduction of plant sterols (PS) in the diet, since PS have been shown to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Given that the efficacy of PS as cholesterol-lowering agents depends on their appropriate solubilization, the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of PS in non-traditional matrices needs to be determined. The primary aim of this thesis was to examine the consumption of PS (a) in an oil rich in medium chain triglycerides (MCT) or (b) low-fat yogurt with or without a meal, on changes in lipid parameters. Additional objectives were: (1) to assess the effects of MCT with PS on body composition and energetics, (2) to compare the effects of PS in low-fat matrix consumed with or without a meal on cholesterol synthesis, (3) to evaluate the risks of PS in low-fat matrix on blood levels of carotenoids and fat-soluble vitamin, and (4) to investigate the relationship between the response to PS, cholesterol kinetics and genotyping. For this purpose two randomized, controlled, crossover-feeding trials were conducted. First, 23 overweight, hyperlipidemic men consumed PS in MCT or olive oil control for six weeks each. In the second trial, 26 hyperlipidemic subjects consumed a placebo yogurt, a PS-enriched yogurt consumed with a meal, or afternoon PS-enriched yogurt as a snack for four weeks each. PS, mixed within a MCT matrix, lower plasma total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-C without changing the high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. However, no changes in body composition or energetics were observed. Secondly, a PS-enriched low-fat yogurt as snack lowered TC, along with a lowering trend in LDL-C, to greater extent compared to when consumed with a meal without any risk of deficiency in fat-soluble antioxidants. An increase in cholesterol biosynthesis was also observed in both PS phases compared to control phase. In addition, three non-responsive subjects to PS intervention who had higher cholesterol absorption rates were observed; however, no recognizable pattern of genetic polymorphisms was detected. Overall, these novel matrices for PS incorporation consumed with or between meals may be an effective way of decreasing the risk of CVD; however, some individuals respond better to PS intervention.
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Mkhize, Thokozani M. "The detection of cherry leaf-roll nepovirus and the use of molecular markers for germplasm identification in walnuts (Juglans regia L.)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53624.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to combine two common diagnostic tools: serological kits and genetic fingerprinting to identify cherry leaf-roll nepovirus (CLRV), and to establish a marker system to characterize walnut germplasm. The detection of plant viruses is difficult. Restrictions are imposed for quarantine purposes on the importation of plant material from foreign countries. Modern techniques such as a PCR based screening method for CLRV are required to ensure material do not harbour viruses. A primer pair was designed to amplify a 430 bp non-coding homologous region. For the choice of primers, consensus sequences were considered and areas where the sequence data shared 98.5% homology, were chosen. The sensitivity of this detection method was 100-fold higher when compared to the ELISA. The PCR fragment was verified by nucleotide sequencing. AFLP technology was used to identify polymorphic fragments for 6 walnut cultivars and a rootstock, and SCARs were developed from AFLP specific bands. The AFLP technique distinguished all the walnut cultivars and the rootstock. However, conversion of AFLP fragments to SCAR markers for the development of a simple robust technique for cultivar discrimination, was not successful. Using 27 AFLP primer combinations, polymorphic fragments as high as 47.8% were scored. The reason for the lack of efficient conversion was as the result of the AFLP technique. The SCAR primers were generated from sequences internal to the AFLP primers but the specificity of the markers was in the AFLP primers not the internal sequence. In this study using AFLP, walnut cultivars were found to be closely related. The AFLP primer pairs used, provided polymorphic fragments. From these fragments, 7 SCAR markers were developed. It was expected that these SCARs derived from the AFLP markers would detect slight differences between cultivars. The Paradox SCAR marker was the only one that could divide the cultivars into two groups. When Chandler SCAR products were digested with the restriction enzyme Rsal, the same banding pattern as that of Paradox SCAR products was observed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om twee algemene opsporingstegnieke te kombineer: serologiese toetsstelle en genetiese vingerafdrukke om cherry leaf-roll nepovirus (CLRV) te eien en om In merkersisteem te ontwikkel wat okkerneut kiemplasma kan karakteriseer. Die opsporing van plant virusse is baie moeilik. As gevolg van kwarantyn vereistes, word daar beperkinge geplaas word op die invoer van plant materiaal vanuit die buiteland. Moderne tegnieke soos hierdie een wat op PKR berus, word benodig om te verseker dat CLRV nie in plantmateriaal teenwoordig is nie. In Stel inleiers is ontwerp wat In 430 bp nie-koderende homoloë area amplifiseer. Hiervoor is konsensus volgordes bestudeer en slegs die volgordes wat 98,5% homologie getoon het, is gekies. In vergelyking met ELISA was die sensitiwiteit van hierdie deteksie metode 100 maal beter. DNA volgordebepaling is op die resulterende fragment gedoen om die PKR produk te verifieer. AFLP tegnologie is gebruik om polimorfiese fraqmente vir 6 okkerneut kultivars en 'n onderstok te identifiseer en SCARs is uit hierdie fragmente ontwikkel. Die AFLP tegniek kon tussen al die okkerneut kultivars en die onderstok onderskei. Die omskakeling van die AFLP fragmente in SCAR merkers om sodoende In eenvoudige kragtige tegniek vir kultivar onderskeiding te ontwikkel, was egter nie suksesvol nie. Met die gebruik van 27 AFLP inleier kombinasies, kon polimorfiese fragmente van so hoog as 47.8% verkry word. Die rede hoekom omskakeling onsuksesvol was lê by die aard van die AFLP tegniek. Die SCAR inleiers is ontwikkel uit volyordes intern tot die AFLP inleiers, maar die spesifisiteit van die merkers het juis in die AFLP inleiers gelê en nie in die interne volgordes nie. In hierdie studie, met die gebruik van AFLP, is gevind dat okkerneut kultivars baie naby verwant is. Die AFLP inleierstelle wat gebruik is, het polimorfiese fragmente gelewer. Uit hierdie fragmente is 7 SCAR merkers ontwikkel. Daar is verwag dat die SCARs wat uit die AFLP merkers ontwikkel is, klein verskille tussen kultivars sou opspoor. Dit was egter net die Paradox SCAR merker wat die kultivars in twee groepe kon verdeel. Restriksie ensiem vertering met Rsalop die Chandler SCAR produkte het dieselfde bandpatrone as die van die Paradox SCAR produkte gelewer.
25
Bhunthurat, Anurak. "The Vitamin B-6 Status of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500541/.
Full textAbstract:
The problem of this study is to determine the vitamin B-6 status of patients who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Erythrocyte aspartate transaminase assay was the method for measuring vitamin B-6 status. The vitamin B-6 status was examined in thirty subjects (ten COPD subjects and twenty control subjects). An unpaired t-test was used to compare the vitamin B-6 status of the COPD group versus the control group. Four determinants (percentage stimulation, ratio of basal to stimulated activity, basal activity, and stimulated activity) were used to determine vitamin B-6 status in both groups of subjects. Percentage stimulation and ratio of basal to stimulated activity were not significantly different (control group versus COPD group) at the .05 level. However, two of ten COPD subjects had values for percentage stimulation that were two standard deviations above the mean, indicating a poor B-6 status. In contrast, basal activity and stimulated activity of erythrocyte aspartate transaminase were found to be significantly lower at the .05 level in the COPD group than the control group. Therefore, the COPD subjects as a group had some biochemical characteristics of a lower level of vitamin B-6 than the controls.
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Phooko, Puleng M. (Puleng Mpopi). "Nutritional factors associated with oral lesions in HIV disease and TB infection." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53528.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Mnutr)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Problem Definition: In the context of HIV/AIDS malnutrition is almost universal among children, and of the adverse effects of Protein Energy Malnutrition, the most frequent seems to be the occurrence of opportunistic infections with micro-organisms such as oral Candida. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional status of children with oral complications in relation to HIV/AIDS as well as the effects of the oral lesions on nutritional status. Subjects/setting: The subjects of study were 24 children co-infected with TB and HIV who were admitted consecutively to the paediatric ward of Brooklyn Chest Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. The nutritional status of the children was assessed over a maximum period of six months by nutrient intake, anthropometric status, and by biochemical parameters and clinical and oral examination on admission and at discharge from hospital. Results: Children with HIVand TB infection presenting with or without oral lesions were similarly malnourished throughout the period of hospitalization. There was no improvement in the nutritional status as indicated by height and weight measurements. Throughout the time of hospitalization, 7% of the children had a combination of stunting, underweight and wasting. Average nutrient intake was not found to be higher than the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) in any of the children. At the time of admission to hospital and at discharge, carbohydrate intake provided most of the daily energy (36% and 42%, the difference not being statistically significant). There was a significant increase in the intake of energy (p=O.04) and a decrease in total fat intake (p=O.03) at discharge. Although not significant, mean protein intake at admission was higher than at time of discharge. Selected sub-optimal biochemical values were prevalent among the children studied, with 45% and 41% showing low serum albumin values «2.9g/dL) at the time of admission and at discharge respectively. Both on admission and at discharge, 38% of the children had Haemoglobin levels below normal values. Serum ferritin levels below normal values were present in almost all the children and the trend was similar for the prevalence of low zinc values. Sub-normal plasma retinol was present in 79% of the children at time of admission, while only 21% had deficient values at time of discharge (p=O.03). On admission, 29% of the children had vitamin evalues below the normal range whereas at time of discharge 17% of the children had values below normal (p=O.04). A total of 29% children presented with oral complications on admission. These included oral herpes, oral thrush, reflux, bleeding gums and stomatitis/angular cheilosis. Two children were asymptomatically colonized with Candida of the oral cavity. Mean total protein intake was higher (p=O.057) among the children who were not diagnosed with oral complications. Conclusions: This study confirmed that malnutrition is not only a common and serious problem associated with HIVand AIDS, but also that nutritional problems cannot be dealt with in isolation where Opportunistic Infections are present. The severity of malnutrition depends on various factors including oral complications. Additionally, appropriate management and treatment of tuberculosis did not appear to affect the nutritional status significantly. Recommendations: On the basis of these findings, and because of the increased risk of growth failure and developmental delays, children should be referred for full nutritional evaluation as soon as possible after diagnosis of HIV -infection. In addition, there is a need for intervention programmes to identify the immediate underlying causes of malnutrition and the ways in which such causes interact, in order to ensure that such interventions increase the resistance of HIV infected infants and children to the disease.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Probleemdefiniëring: Binne die konteks van MIVNIGS is wanvoeding bykans universeelonder kinders en van die nadelige effekte van proteïen energie wanvoeding is die voorkoms van opportunistiese infeksies (Ol) met mikro-organismes soos orale candida die algemeenste. Doelwit: Die doel van dié studie was om die voedingstatus van kinders met orale komplikasies in verhouding tot MIVNIGS en die effek van orale letsels op voedingstatus, te bepaal. Proefpersone/omgewing: 'n Groep van 24 kinders, met beide tuberkulose en MIVNIGSinfeksie, wat agtereenvolgend in die kindersaal van Brooklyn Bors-Hospitaal in Kaapstad, Suid- Afrika opgeneem is, is bestudeer. Vir 'n periode van ses maande is die kinders se voedingstatus geassesseer deur middel van voedingstofinname, antropometriese status en biochemiese parameters met opname in en ontslag uit die hospitaal. Kliniese en orale ondersoeke was op elke kind uitgevoer met opname sowel as ontslag. Resultate: Kindres met HIV en tuberkulose, met of sonder orale letsels, het soortgelyke wanvoeding tydens hospitalisering ervaar het. Volgens antropometriese metings was daar geen verbetering in die voedingstatus nie. 'n Kombinasie van belemmerde groei, ondergewig en uittering het in 7% van die kinders tydens hospitalisering voorgekom. Nie een van die gemiddeldes van die voedingstowwe was hoër as die Aanbevole daaglikse toelatings (ADT) in enige van die kinders wat bestudeer is nie. Met opname sowel as ontslag, was koolhidraatinname die grootste energieverskaffer met onderskeidelik 36% en 42% (alhoewel die verskil nie statisties beduidend was nie). Daar was 'n beduidende toename in energie-inname (p=O.04) en 'n afname in totale vetinname (p=O.03) met ontslag. Alhoewel nie beduidend nie, was die gemiddelde proteïeninname hoër met ontslag. Die voorkoms van geselekteerde sub-optimale biochemiese waardes met toelating en ontslag wys dat onderskeidelik 45% en 41% van die kinders lae serum albumienwaardes «2.9g/dL) getoon het. Subnormale plasma retinol het in 79% van die kinders met toelating voorgekom, terwyl slegs 21% gebrekkige waardes (p=O.03) met ontslag getoon het. Tydens opname, sowel as met ontslag, was 38% van die kinders se hemoglobienvlakke laer as die normale. Serum ferritienvlakke was amper by al die kinders laer as die normale vlakke te bespeur, met sinkvlakke wat op soortgelyke lae vlakke voorkom. Met toelating was 29% van die kinders se Vitamien C-waardes laer as normaal en met ontslag was sowat 17% se waardes steeds laer as die normaal (p=O.04). Met toelating het 29% van die kinders orale komplikasies getoon. Ingeslote hierby was orale herpes, orale sproei, refluks, bloeiende tandvleise en stomatis/ angulêre cheilose. Slegs twee kinders was asimptomaties met orale Candida van die mondholte gediagnoseer. Die gemiddelde proteïeninname was hoër (p=O.057) onder die kindres wat nie orale komplikasies getoon het nie. Gevolgtrekking: Hierdie studie bevestig dat wanvoeding me net 'n algemene en ernstige probleem is wat met MIV en VIGS geassosieer word nie, maar ook in die teenwoordigheid van opportunistiese infeksies, die voedingsprobleem nie in isolasie gehanteer kan word nie. Die graad van wanvoeding hang af van ander faktore, insluitende orale komplikasies. Voldoende behandeling van TB het ook nie 'n beduidende effek op voedingstatus gehad nie. Aanbevelings: Op hierdie bevindings gebaseer, en as gevolg van die verhoogde risiko VIr belemmerde groei en vertraagde ontwikkeling wat al die liggaamstelsels van MIV -positiewe kinders affekteer, moet kinders so gou as moontlik nadat die MIV-infeksie gediagnoseer is, vir volle voedingsevaluasies verwys word. Daarmee gepaardgaande is daar 'n behoefte aan programme wat die onmiddellike onderliggende oorsake van wanvoeding identifiseer, asook om interaksie van hierdie oorsake met HIV vas te stel, ten einde intervensies wat weerstand van HIVkinders en-babas verbeter, positieftoe te pas.
27
Ntushelo, Khayalethu. "Comparative studies on genetic variability and fungicide resistance in Tapesia yallundae." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/55834.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 1998.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Eyespot is an important disease of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Four species of Ramulispora are associated with this disease, of which Tapesia yallundae and T. acuformis. are common. This thesis investigates the broader subjects of genetic variability, reproductive dynamics and fungicide resistance in Tapesia yallundae. Each of the chapters treats specific but related topics. T. yallundae, which is the only species thus far reported from South Africa, has been associated with yield losses of up to 50%. To enable the implementation of more accurate and effective control measures, understanding the dynamics of reproduction and the genetics of the pathogen is of utmost importance. Of the many plant disease control measures such as cultural practices, sanitation, biological control, etc., fungicide application is the most commonly resorted to measure in eyespot control. This thesis investigates the broader subjects of genetic variability, reproductive dynamics and fungicide resistance of Tapesia yallzll7dae. Fungicide application, however, is not without problems. The pathogen can build up resistance to fungicides. The most commonly used fungicides in eyespot control include the benzimidazole carbendazim, triazoles such as flusilazole, tebuconazole, propiconazole, bromuconazole, flutriafol, fenbuconazole, triademinol, and the imidazole, prochloraz. Cases of resistance to the groups listed above have been reported. Frequent monitoring for resistance is thus crucial to prevent wastage of fungicide and unnecessary impregnantation of the environment with potentially ineffective chemicals. In chapter 2 of this thesis 300 isolates of T. yallundae from 15 fields were evaluated for resistance against carbendazim, flusilazole, tebuconazole, propiconazole, bromuconazole, flutriafol and fenbuconazole. These results indicated that to some triazoles, such as fenbuconazole, a high level of resistance was already present in field populations. In a sexually reproducing fungus such as T. yallundae, knowledge pertaining to its ability to pass resistance factors to offspring is equally important. Mating studies were, therefore, also conducted with parental strains that showed signs of triazole resistance. Three generations were subsequently tested for resistance to five triazoles, namely flusilazole, tebuconazole, propiconazole, bromuconazole and flutriafol. Results of this study showed variable sensitivity in progeny, which indicated quantitative inheritance of resistance to triazoles. Although the sexual stage has not yet been observed in the field in South Africa, this knowledge lays the foundation for the long-term understanding of the population dynamics of the fungus. The ability of a heterothallic ascomycete population to reproduce sexually is dependent on the availability of its two mating types, MATI-I and MATI-2, their distribution, and female fertility amongst other factors. In the UK. the teleomorph is commonly observed in the field, which is in contrast to the situation in South Africa, where it has only been induced in the laboratory. A comparative study between the South African and the UK. populations was therefore undertaken. Isolates representative of the two populations were mated with tester strains as both sperm recipients and as sperm donors. This allowed the percentage of hermaphrodites to be determined. No difference in terms of female fertility was observed between the South African and the UK. populations, with both populations showing low effective population numbers. These data suggested, therefore, that the teleomorph would also occur more frequently in South Africa if the climate was more indusive to its development. The overall results of this study indicated that eyes pot could still be controlled by means of fungicide application in South Africa. Although a shift in sensitivity was observed towards fenbuconazole and flusilazole, no resistance was detected towards carbendazim. The latter might be due to the absen<.:eof the sexual stage in the field, coupled by the monocyclic nature of the pathogen and sensible fungicide regimes. The absence of T. acujormis makes the disease situation less complicated in terms of fungicide application and management. Continuous surveys will have to be conducted, however, to monitor this situation in future.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die genetiese variasie, reproduksie dinamika en fungisied weerstand in Tapesia yallundae. Elke hoofstuk handel oor spesifieke maar verwante onderwerpe. Oogvlek is 'n belangrike siekte van lentekoring (Triticum aestivum L.). Vier spesies van Ramulispora word geassosieer met die siekte, waarvan Tapesia yallundae en T. acuformis mees algemeen voorkom. T. yallundae, wat tans die enigste spesie is wat in Suid-Afrika aangeteken is, het al verliese van tot 50% veroorsaak. Om meer akkurate en effektiewe beheermaatreels te implementeer, is dit noodsaaklik om die oorlewingsdinamika van die patogeen te verstaan. Van al die siektebeheermaatreels soos kulturele praktyke, sanitasie, biologiese beheer ens., bly fungisiedbehandeling die mees algemene maatreel vir die beheer van oogvlek. Fungisiedtoediening het egter ook verskeie probleme. Die patogeen kan weerstand opbou teen die fungisied. Die mees algemene fungisiedes wat vir oogvlekbeheer aangewend word sluit onder meer die benzimidasool karbendazim in, triasole soos flusilasool, tebukonasool, propikonasool, bromukonasool, flutriafol, fenbukonasool, triadimenol, en die imidasool, prochloraz. Weerstand is egter reeds teen hierdie middels bekend. Gedurige monitering vir weerstand is dus krities om die vermorsing van fungisied en besoedeling van die omgewing met oneffektiewe middels te beperk. In hoofstuk 2 van hierdie manuskrip word 300 isolate van T. yallundae van 15 lande geevalueer vir weerstand teenoor karbendazim, flusilasool, tebukonasool, propikonasool, bromukonasool, flutriafol en fenbukonasool. Resultate dui daarop dat teen sommige van hierdie triasole, soos bv. fenbukonasool, daar reeds 'n hoe vlak van weerstand teenwoordig was in veldpopulasies. In 'n seksueel reproduserende fungus soos T. yalluJ1dae, is dit noodsaaklik om te bepaal wat sy vermoe is om weerstandbiedenheid aan die nageslag oor te dra. Om die rede is paringstudies ook op ouers wat tekens van weerstand teenoor triasole getoon het uitgevoer. Drie generasies was gevolglik getoets vir weerstand teenoor vyf triasole, naamlik flusilasool, tebuconasool, propikonasool, brumukonasool en flutriafol. Resultate van die studie het 'n variasie in sensitiwiteit van die nageslag getoon, wat op 'n kwantitatiewe oorerwing van weerstand teen £riasole dui. Alhoewel die teleomorf nog nie in lande in Suid-Afrika opgemerk is nie, Ie hierdie kennis die fondament vir die langtermyn vertolking van die populasie dinamika van hierdie fungus. Die vermoe van 'n heterotalliese askomiseet populasie om seksueel voort te plant is afhanklik van die beskikbaarheid van sy twee paringstipes, MATI-I en MATl-2, hul verpreiding, vroulike vrugbaarheid en ander faktore. Alhoewel die teleomorf algemeen in lande in die Verenigde Koninkryk opgemerk word, is dit in kontras met die situasie in Suid-Afrika, waar hierdie stadium nog slegs in die laboratorium gelnduseer kon word. 'n Studie is dus onderneem om die Suid-Afrikaanse en V.K. populasies met mekaar te vergelyk. Isolate van die twee populasies is dus gepaar met paringsisolate as beide sperm ontvangers en sperm donors. Hierdie prosedure het dit moontlik gemaak om die persentasie hermafrodiete te bepaal. Geen verskille in vroulike fertiliteit is tussen die Suid-Afrikaanse en V.K. populasies bespeur nie, en beide populasies het ook 'n lae effektiewe populasie getal getoon. Hierdie data het dus voorgestel dat die teleomorf ook meer algemeen in Suid-Afrika sou voorkom as die klimaat meer geskik was vir teleomorf vormmg. Die resultate van hierdie studie het tot die slotsom gelei dat oogvlek steeds deur fungisiedbehandeling in Suid-Afrika beheer kan word. Alhoewel daar 'n merkbare verskuiwing in sensitiwiteit teenoor fenbukonasool en flusilasool was, was geen weerstand teenoor karbendazim waargeneem nie. Laasgenoemde kan dalk toegeskryf word aan die afwesigheid van die teleomorf in die veld, gekombineer met die monosikliese natuur van die patogeen en gebruik van alternerende fungisiedes. Die afwesigheid van T. acuformis maak die plaaslike siektetoestand minder gekompliseerd in terme van fungisied aanwending en bestuur. Voortdurende opnames sal egter uitgevoer moet word om hierdie situasie ook in die toekoms te monitor.
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Sassi, Giovanna. "Relative quantification of host gene expression and protein accumulation upon turnip mosaic potyvirus infection in tobacco." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81433.
Full textAbstract:
Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) infects a variety of crops, worldwide, including the economically relevant Brassicacea family. It was previously demonstrated that TuMV infection in tobacco protoplasts leads to an overall decrease of host protein. However, it remains unclear whether this phenomenon is due to the repression of plant gene transcription during the infection period or due to viral inhibition of host translation. In this study, quantification of various transcripts and protein products from infected tobacco was performed via real-time RT-PCR and ELISA. In comparison to the gamma-tubulin endogenous control, gene expression for the tobacco H3, HSP70 and granule-bound starch synthase was affected by TuMV infection with time.Tobacco protein accumulation in whole leaf tissues was also significantly affected by increase of virus particles.
29
Galloway, Alison. "Long term effects of reproductive history on bone mineral content in women." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184477.
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Bone loss among the elderly is of increasing concern to the medical community. In a study combining retrospective data on 438 women from southern Arizona and current bone mineral values determined at the one-third distal radius, the effects of premenopausal reproductive events on postmenopausal bone mineral are investigated. Among those women who reach menarche at an early age are some whose growth is not accompanied by normal height and long bone growth. These women tend to exhibit lower bone mineral density postmenopausally. In addition, the early accumulation of weight in excess of height and a later age at menarche appears to result in wider bones still observed postmenopausally. Pregnancy normally is accompanied by an acceleration of calcium accumulation in excess of the fetal demand. However, parity appears to have little significant impact on postmenopausal bone mineral status. However, women pregnant during their teens tend to accumulate a greater amount of bone than women who first become pregnant later. These benefits to the teenage mother can be lost during lactation, an impairment of the skeleton which may continue into the postmenopausal years. The skeleton appears to require a recovery period between pregnancy and lactation cycles. Inadequate recovery time, particularly when accompanied by advanced maternal age, may have adverse effects on postmenopausal bone mineral status.
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Bester, Dirk Jacobus. "The effect of red palm oil supplementation of an oxidative risk induced diet and a high saturated fat diet on ischaemia/perfusion injury in the isolated perfused rat heart." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1470.
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Thesis (MTech (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006Research has shown that the activation of the NO-cGMP pathway leads to myocardial protection from oxidative stress conditions, such as ischaemia and reperfusion. Few of these studies have however combined diet induced oxidative stress with ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Although little is known about the effects of supplements such as red palm oil (RPO) on the NO-cGMP pathway, research has shown that dietary RPO-supplementation improved reperfusion aortic output recovery through mechanisms that may include activation of the NO-cGMP- and inhibition of the cAMP pathway. RPO is an antioxidant-rich oil containing ~carotene and Vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols). The aims of this study were to determine: 1) whether RPO-supplementation of an oxidative risk induced diet (ORD) and a high saturated fat diet (HFD) offers protection against ischaemia/reperfusion injury in the isolated perfused rat heart and 2) the possible mechanisms for this protection. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups for a period of 14 weeks according to the dietary supplementation they received. The control groups received either an oxidative risk induced diet (ORD) or a high saturated fat diet (HFD), while the experimental groups received an ORD supplemented with RPO (ORD+RPO) or a HFD supplemented with RPO (HFD+RPO).
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Carman, Judith Anne. "The metabolic relationship between nutrition and cancer /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc287.pdf.
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Henning, Andrea L. "Monitoring Monocyte Oxldl Phagocytosis As a Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Following a High-fat Meal." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700101/.
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Macrophage-derived foam cells play a predominant role in the deposition of arterial plaques during the early stages of atherosclerosis. The deposition of arterial plaques is known to be effected by several factors, including a person’s dietary habits. The consumption of a high-fat (>60% of calories from fat) meal is known to elevate serum LDL and triglycerides, which have been previously implicated in the formation pf foam cells. One limitation of current research models is that it is not possible to directly measure foam cells in vivo. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to validate the use of blood derived monocytes as a proxy measure of foam cells. In order to complete this objective, we evaluated monocyte oxLDL phagocytosis capacity following consumption of a high-fat meal. Eight men and women participated in the present study and venous blood samples were collected prior to the meal, 1-h, 3-h, and 5-h post-meal. Monocytes (CD14+/16- and CD14+/16+) were evaluated for adhesion molecule expression (CD11a, CD11b, and CD18), scavenger R (CD36) expression, and oxLDL phagocytosis using an image-based flow cytometry method developed in our laboratory for this purpose. Data was statistically analyzed for significance using a single-factor ANOVA with repeated measures and a p < 0.05. Consumption of a high-fat meal caused an increase significant increase in the proportion of pro-inflammatory monocytes (CD14+/16+) and a decrease in classic monocytes (CD14+/16-), with the greatest difference occurring at 5 h post prandial (p = 0.038). We also found that pro-inflammatory monocyte expression of adhesion molecules and CD36 increased in a manner that would promote in vivo movement of monocytes into the subendothelial space. Finally, over the course of the 5 h postprandial period, the majority of oxLDL uptake occurred in pro-inflammatory compared to classic monocytes. These results suggest that consuming a high-fat meal increases the potential of monocytes to become foam cells for at least 5 h postprandial.
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Ramburan, Viresh Premraj. "Genetic mapping of adult plant stripe rust resistance in the wheat cultivar Kariega." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53438.
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Thesis (PhD (Agric)) -- Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Stripe (yellow) rust of wheat, caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici, was first detected as a single introduction into South Africa in 1996. Two additional pathotypes have since been identified. Control of the disease may be achieved by use of genetic adult plant resistance (APR) as is present in the local cultivar 'Kariega'. The aim of this project was to understand the genetic basis of the APR in 'Kariega' to facilitate breeding of new varieties with genetic resistance to stripe rust. A partial linkage map of a 'Kariega X Avocet S' doubled haploid population covering all 21 wheat chromosomes was generated using 208 DNA markers, viz, 62 SSR, 133 AFLP, 3 RGA and 10 SRAP markers, and 4 alternative loci. The different marker techniques detected varying polymorphism, viz, overall SSR: 46%, AFLP: 7%, SRAP: 6% and RGA: 9%, and the markers produced low levels of missing data (4%) and segregation distortion (5%). A significant feature of the linkage map was the low polymorphism found in the D genome, viz, 19% of all mapped DNA markers, 11% of all AFLP markers and 30% of the total genome map distance. A region exhibiting significant segregation distortion was mapped to chromosome 4A and a seedling resistance gene for stem rust (Puccinia graminis f.sp . tritici), Sr26, mapped to chromosome 6A close to three SSR markers. The leaf tip necrosis gene, Ltn, which was also segregating in the population, mapped to chromosome 7D. Protocols for SRAP and RGA were optimised, and SRAP marker use in wheat genetic linkage studies is reported for the first time. The linkage map was used together with growth chamber and replicated field disease scores for QTL mapping. Chromosomes showing statistically significant QTL effects were then targeted with supplementary SSR markers for higher resolution mapping. The quality of disease resistance phenotypic data was confirmed by correlation analysis between the different scorers for reaction type (0.799±0.023) and for transformed percentage leaf area infected (0.942±0.007). Major QTL were consistently identified on chromosome 7D (explaining some 25-48% of the variation) and on chromosome 2B (21-46%) using transformed percentage leaf area infected and transformed reaction type scores (early and final) with interval mapping and modified interval mapping techniques. Both chromosomal regions have previously been identified in other studies and the 7D QTL is thought likely to be the previously mapped APR gene Yr 18. Minor QTL were identified on chromosomes lA and 4A with the QTL on 4A being more prominent at the early field scoring for both score types. A QTL evidently originating from 'Avocet S' was detected under growth chamber conditions but was not detected in the field, suggesting genotype-environment interaction and highlighting the need for modifications of growth chamber conditions to better simulate conditions in the field. The genetic basis of the APR to stripe rust exhibited by 'Kariega' was established by mapping of QTL controlling this trait. The linkage map constructed will be a valuable resource for future genetic studies and provides a facility for mapping other polymorphic traits in the parents of this population with a considerable saving in costs.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Streep of geelroes van koring word veroorsaak deur Puccinia striiformis f. sp tritici, en is die eerste keer in 1996 in Suid-Afrika na introduksie van 'n enkele patotipe waargeneem. Twee verdere patotipes is sedertdien in Suid-Afrika gei"dentifiseer. Beheer van die siekte word veral moontlik gemaak deur die gebruik van genetiese volwasseplantweerstand soos gei"dentifiseer in die plaaslike kultivar 'Kariega'. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die genetiese grondslag van die streeproesweerstand te ontrafel ten einde die teling van nuwe bestande kultivars moontlik te maak. 'n Verdubbelde haplo1ede populasie uit die kruising 'Kariega X Avocet S' is aangewend om 'n gedeeltelike koppelingskaart vir die volle stel van 21 koring chromosome saam te stel. Die kaart het uit 208 DNA merkers, nl., 62 SSR, 133 AFLP, 3 RGA, 10 SRAP merkers en 4 ander lokusse bestaan. Totale polimorfisme wat deur die verskillende merkersisteme opgespoor is, was as volg: SSR: 46%, RGA: 9%, AFLP: 7% en SRAP: 6%. Die mate van ontbrekende data was gering (4%) asook die mate van segregasie distorsie (5%) van 'n enkele geval wat op chromosoom 4A gekarteer is. 'n Prominente kenmerk van die koppelingskaart is die relatiewe gebrek aan polimorfiese merkers op die D-genoom, nl., slegs 19% van alle DNA merkers en 11% van alle AFLP merkers wat slegs 30% van die totale genoom kaartafstand bestaan het. Die stamroes (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) saailingweerstandsgeen, Sr26, karteer op chromosoom 6A naby drie SSR merkers. Die geen vir blaartipnekrose, Ltn, karteer op chromosoom 7D. Protokolle vir SRAP en RGA merkers is ge-optimiseer en gebruik van SRAP merkers in koppelings-analise word vir die eerste keer in koring gerapporteer. Die koppelingskaart is in kombinasie met groeikamerdata en gerepliseerde veldproefdata gebruik om die gene (QTL) vir volwasseplant streeproesweerstand te karteer. Chromosome met statisties betekenisvolle QTL is met aanvullende SSR merkers geteiken om die resolusie van kartering verder te verhoog. Die kwaliteit van fenotipiese data, soos in die proewe aangeteken, is bevestig deur korrelasies te bereken tussen lesings geneem deur onafhanklike plantpataloe (0.799 ± 0.023 vir reaksietipe en 0.942 ± 0.007 vir getransformeerde persentasie blaaroppervlakte besmet). Hoofeffek QTL vir die twee maatstawwe van weerstand is deur middel van die metodes van interval QTL kartering en gemodifiseerde interval QTL kartering konsekwent op chromosome 7D (25-48% van variasie verklaar) en 2B (21-46% van variasie verklaar) ge"identifiseer. In vorige studies is aangetoon dat beide chromosome 7D en 2B QTL vir volwasseplant streeproesweerstand dra. Die 7D QTL is waarskynlik die weerstandsgeen, Yr 18. QTL met klein effekte op weerstand is op chromosome lA en 4A ge"identifiseer. Die effek van laasgenoemde geen was meer prominent in die velddata in die vroee datum van weerstandsbeoordeling. Een QTL, afkomstig van 'Avocet S', is slegs onder groeikamertoestande identifiseerbaar. Dit dui op moontlike genotipe-omgewing wisselwerking en beklemtoon die noodsaaklikheid om aanpassings te maak in groeikamertoestande vir beter simulasie van veldproeftoestande. Die genetiese grondslag van volwasseplantweerstand teen streeproes in die kultivar 'Kariega' is deur QTL kartering bepaal. Die 'Kariega X Avocet S' koppelingskaart kan as 'n waardevolle basis dien vir toekomstige genetiese ontledings van ander polimorfiese kenmerke in die populasie.
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Resler, Judith M. "The effect of an innovative educational contest on serum phosphorus levels and calcium-phosphorus products among patients undergoing routine hemodialysis." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1366500.
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The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the effectiveness of an innovative unit-wide phosphorus football contest and nutrition education intervention directed at improving the serum phosphorus levels and calcium-phosphorus products of patients undergoing routine hemodialysis. Patients at the Clarian Health Partners dialysis center located at 2140 North Capitol Avenue in Indianapolis, Indiana participated in the "National Fosphorus League Phootball" contest, a theme game that allowed patients to join a team and compete against other teams in the dialysis center over a four month time period from September 2005 to December 2005. Additional nutrition education was also provided to all the hemodialysis patients during the months of the phosphorus football contest. Identical patient information from September 2004 to December 2004 was also collected for baseline comparison of serum phosphorus levels and calcium-phosphorus products when only routine education and instruction was provided.Pearson Chi-Square analyses and a series of three-way ANOVAs were performed on the data collected. Overall, it was determined that patients who participated in the phosphorus football contest and received Vitamin D therapy were potentially two times likely to have serum phosphorus levels and calcium-phosphorus products in the goal ranges.Department of Family and Consumer Sciences
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Brinkman, Patricia M. "A computer program on nutrition and cardiovascular disease for the junior and senior high level." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1985. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/304.
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Maree, H. J. (Hans Jacob). "The expression of Dianthin 30, a ribosome inactivating protein." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53633.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) are currently classified as rRNA N-glycosidases, but also have polynucleotide: adenosine glycosidase activity. RIPs are believed to have anti-viral and anti-fungal properties, but the exact mechanism of these proteins still need to be elucidated.The mechanism of resistance however, appears to be independent of the pathogen. For resistance the RIP terminates virus infected plant cells and stops the reproduction and spread of the virus. Transgenic plants containing RIPs should thus be resistant to a wide range of viruses. The ultimate goal of the larger project of which this forms part is the development of virus resistant plants. To monitor the expression of a RIP in a transgenic plant a detection method had to be developed. Antibody detection of the RIP was decided upon as the most cost effective method. The RIP, Dianthin 30 from Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation), was used and expressed in bacterial and insect expression systems. The bacterial expression experiments were done using the pET expression system in BL21(DE3)pLysS cells. The expression in this system yielded recombinant protein at a very low concentration. Expression experiments were also performed in insect tissue culture with the baculovirus vector BAC-TO-BAC™.With this system the expression was also too low to be used for the production of antibodies. A Dianthin 30 specific peptide was then designed and then produced by Bio-Synthesis. This peptide was then used to raise antibodies to detect Dianthin 30. These antibodies were tested on Dianthus caryophyllus proteins. To establish if this detection method was effective to monitor the expression in plants, tobacco plants were transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens containing Dianthin 30 in the pART27 plant expression vector. The putative transformed plants were analysed with peR and Southern blots.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Tans word Ribosomale-inaktiverende proteïene (RIPs) geklassifiseer as rRNA N-glikosidase wat ook polinukleotied: adenosien glikosidase aktiwiteit bevat. Daar word geglo dat RIPs anti-virale en anti-fungus eienskappe bevat, maar die meganisme van beskerming word nog nie ten volle verstaan nie. Dit is wel bewys dat die meganisme van weerstand onafhanklik is van die patogeen. Virus geinfekteerde plantselle word deur die RIP gedood om die voortplanting en verspreiding te bekamp en sodoende word weerstand bewerkstellig. Transgeniese plante wat dan 'n RIP bevat sal dus weerstandbiedend wees teen 'n wye spektrum virusse. Die hoofdoel van die breër projek, waarvan die projek deel uitmaak: is die ontwikkeling van virusbestande plante. Om die uitdrukking van die RIP in die transgeniese plante te kontroleer, moes 'n deteksie metode ontwikkel word. Die mees koste effektiewe deteksie metode is met teenliggame. Die RIP, Dianthin 30 from Dianthus caryophyllus (angelier) was gebruik vir uitdrukking in bakteriele- en insekweefselkultuur. Die bakteriele uitdrukkingseksperimente was gedoen met die pET uitdrukkings sisteem III BL21(DE3)pLysS selle. Die uitdrukking in die sisteem het slegs rekombinante proteïene gelewer in uiters lae konsentrasies. Uitdrukkingseksperimente was ook gedoen in insekweefselkultuur met die baculovirus vektor BAC-To- BACTM. Met die sisteem was die uitdrukking ook veels te laag om bruikbaar te wees vir die produksie van teenliggame. Daar is toe 'n peptied ontwerp wat Dianthin 30 kan verteenwoordig vir die produksie van teenliggame. Die teenliggame is getoets teen Dianthus caryophyllus proteïene. Om vas te stel of die deteksiemetode wel die uitdrukking van Dianthin 30 sal kan monitor, is tabak ook getransformeer met Dianthin 30. Die transformasies is gedoen met die hulp van Agrobacterium tumefaciens en die pART27 plant uitdrukkings vektor. Die plante is getoets met die polimerase ketting reaksie en Southern klad tegnieke.
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Jenneke, Cindy A. N. "The effect of dietary patterns on risk factors for CHD : a comparative study of students residing at the Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies in the Philippines." Thesis, Link to online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/554.
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Tala, Hazel Marie Bituin Linan. "The oral health status and dental awareness of young Hong Kong Chinesewith insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31954145.
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Becker, John van Wyk. "Plant defence genes expressed in tobacco and yeast." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/2924.
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Maeda, Emiko. "The Effects of Green Smoothie Consumption on Blood Pressure and Health-Related Quality of Life: A Randomized Controlled Trial." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/974.
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Chronic diseases are among the leading causes of death globally, and as much as 80% of these deaths are reported to be preventable with proper diet and lifestyle. Although extensive research has demonstrated that the increased consumption of fruits and vegetables offers protective health effects from many chronic illnesses, populations in both developed and developing nations consistently fall short of the recommended intake of 5 or more servings a day. This study investigated the effects of daily consumption of Green Smoothies for 4 consecutive weeks on blood pressure and health-related quality of life. Green Smoothies are a blended drink consisting of fruit, leafy greens and water. The study was a randomized controlled trial with a final sample of 29 volunteer participants. Data were collected at baseline and post-intervention and included anthropometric and physiologic measures, as well as a nutrition survey. The treatment group demonstrated trends toward improvements in waist circumference (p = 0.026), waist-to-hip ratio (p = 0.05), and symptoms of burden linked to diet (p = 0.04), small intestine (p = 0.04), large intestine (p = 0.05), and mineral needs (p = 0.04). Despite the lack of statistically significant reductions in blood pressure, the trend toward improvements in waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio are considered to be useful and informative of health risk. Thus, the results of this study provide preliminary support for the consumption of Green Smoothies as a possible primary prevention effort for chronic conditions. It may also help to reduce health risks or even reverse the effects of chronic conditions.
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Northfield, John. "Aspects to T-cell phenotype during infection with HIV, CMV and Hepatitis C virus." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:283098ce-e24d-4099-8826-07dcc75381f2.
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This work concerns itself with understanding the organisation of cellular immune responses to three major human pathogens - HIV, CMV and Hepatitis C (HCV). Each was studied to form three projects, each undertaken with a different approach - arrived at independently - and largely owing their origins to opportunity and circumstance as much as design. Each project led to exploration of a particular aspect of T-cell phenotype (that is the expression of particular molecular markers on T-cells) and its’ broader biological significance. I found that T-cell phenotype was strongly linked to the magnitude of T-cell responses (CMV) and the ability of T-cells to control infection (HIV). Finally I explored the significance of expression of a molecule known as CD161 on the surface of HCV specific CD8+ T-cells, indicating a phenotype of T-cell that may not follow the ‘normal rules’ applicable to T-cells in general.
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Bufarah, Marina Nogueira Berbel [UNESP]. "Avaliação do balanço nitrogenado e aparecimento de nitrogênio uréico como marcadores de catabolismo, infecção e mortalidade em pacientes com lesão renal aguda em diálise." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123328.
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000829061.pdf: 954808 bytes, checksum: 4db24b81e97a0d9789f7fab459997db1 (MD5)Introdução: O hipercatabolismo é a alteração nutricional mais importante em pacientes com lesão renal aguda (LRA). Balanço nitrogenado (BN) e aparecimento de nitrogênio uréico (UNA) são medidas que permitem estimar a extensão do catabolismo na LRA. Objetivos: descrever e classificar o catabolismo de pacientes com LRA em Hemodiálise (HD) e Diálise Peritoneal de Alto Volume (DPAV) e analisar se BN e UNA são marcadores precoces de infecção e mortalidade nestes pacientes. Metodologia: Estudo tipo coorte prospectiva que avaliou pacientes com LRA dialítica internados no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, de março de 2011 a dezembro de 2012. Foi utilizado protocolo de estudo composto por dados clínicos, avaliação nutricional, parâmetros de catabolismo (redução de pelo menos 2g/dia no BN ou aumento de 2g/dia no UNA) e avaliação da presença de quadro infeccioso (presença de febre, leucócitos acima de 12.000/mm³ ou PCR>10mg/dl). Todos os pacientes foram acompanhados em conjunto com a equipe médica até a alta nefrológica hospitalar (na presença de recuperação parcial ou completa da função renal) ou óbito. Este estudo obteve aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Instituição. Os resultados foram descritos como mediana ou média e desvio padrão. Para comparação das características clínicas, nutricionais e de catabolismo utilizou-se Teste t, Mann-Whitney ou Teste Qui-quadrado. Para a associação do BN e UNA com mortalidade e infecção foi utilizado teste t ou Mann-Whitney e curvas de Kaplan-Meyer, respectivamente. Utilizou-se como nível de significância estatística p<0,05. Resultados: Foram incluídos 124 pacientes, sendo 96 em HD e 28 em DPAV. Os pacientes apresentaram mediana de idade de 63 anos, prevalência de internação em UTI de 85,5%, Índice de Severidade da LRA (ATN-ISS) de 64,85% e taxa de mortalidade de 56,5%. Pacientes em HD e em DPAV apresentaram prevalência ...
Introduction: Hypercatabolism is the most important nutritional alteration in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). Nitrogen balance (NB) and ureic nitrogen appearance (UNA) are measures that allow to estimate the extent of catabolism in AKI. Objectives: To describe and classify the catabolism of AKI patients on hemodialysis (HD) and high volume peritoneal dialysis (HVPD) and to examine whether NB and UNA are early markers of infection and mortality in these patients. Methodology: Prospective cohort study that evaluated AKI patients requiring dialysis at the Clinical Hospital of Botucatu Medicine College, from March 2011 to December 2012. The protocol study was performed using clinical and nutritional datas and parameters of catabolism. (such as reduction of at least 2g/day in NB or increased 2g/day in UNA) and assessment of presence of infection (fever, leukocytes above 12.000/mm ³ or CRP> 10mg/dl). All patients were followed by the medical staff since admission on unit nephrology until partial or complete recovery of renal function or death. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Research. Results are expressed as median or mean and standard deviation. To compare the clinical, nutritional and catabolism characteristics, t test, Mann-Whitney or chi-square were used. To investigate the association of NB and UNA with mortality and infection, t test or Mann-Whitney test and Kaplan-Meyer were used, respectively. The statistical significance level was p <0.05. Results: 124 patients were included, 96 in HD and 28 in HVPD. Patients had a median age of 63 years, prevalence of admission in ICU of 85.5%, AKI Severity Index (ATN-ISS) of 64.85% and mortality rate of 56.5%. HD and HVPD patients showed severe catabolism with NB median of -8.74 gN/day (-14.74;3.93 gN/day) vs. -7.36 gN/day (-13.46;-1.56 gN/day), p=0,73)], respectively. Measures of UNA were [16.74 gN/day (10.38 – 22.76 gN/day) vs. 12.97 gN/day (10.53 – 17.14), ...
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Bufarah, Marina Nogueira Berbel. "Avaliação do balanço nitrogenado e aparecimento de nitrogênio uréico como marcadores de catabolismo, infecção e mortalidade em pacientes com lesão renal aguda em diálise /." Botucatu, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123328.
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Orientador: André Luis BalbiBanca: Lilian Cuppari
Banca: Aline de Araújo Antunes
Banca: Silvia Papini
Resumo: Introdução: O hipercatabolismo é a alteração nutricional mais importante em pacientes com lesão renal aguda (LRA). Balanço nitrogenado (BN) e aparecimento de nitrogênio uréico (UNA) são medidas que permitem estimar a extensão do catabolismo na LRA. Objetivos: descrever e classificar o catabolismo de pacientes com LRA em Hemodiálise (HD) e Diálise Peritoneal de Alto Volume (DPAV) e analisar se BN e UNA são marcadores precoces de infecção e mortalidade nestes pacientes. Metodologia: Estudo tipo coorte prospectiva que avaliou pacientes com LRA dialítica internados no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, de março de 2011 a dezembro de 2012. Foi utilizado protocolo de estudo composto por dados clínicos, avaliação nutricional, parâmetros de catabolismo (redução de pelo menos 2g/dia no BN ou aumento de 2g/dia no UNA) e avaliação da presença de quadro infeccioso (presença de febre, leucócitos acima de 12.000/mm³ ou PCR>10mg/dl). Todos os pacientes foram acompanhados em conjunto com a equipe médica até a alta nefrológica hospitalar (na presença de recuperação parcial ou completa da função renal) ou óbito. Este estudo obteve aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Instituição. Os resultados foram descritos como mediana ou média e desvio padrão. Para comparação das características clínicas, nutricionais e de catabolismo utilizou-se Teste t, Mann-Whitney ou Teste Qui-quadrado. Para a associação do BN e UNA com mortalidade e infecção foi utilizado teste t ou Mann-Whitney e curvas de Kaplan-Meyer, respectivamente. Utilizou-se como nível de significância estatística p<0,05. Resultados: Foram incluídos 124 pacientes, sendo 96 em HD e 28 em DPAV. Os pacientes apresentaram mediana de idade de 63 anos, prevalência de internação em UTI de 85,5%, Índice de Severidade da LRA (ATN-ISS) de 64,85% e taxa de mortalidade de 56,5%. Pacientes em HD e em DPAV apresentaram prevalência ...
Abstract: Introduction: Hypercatabolism is the most important nutritional alteration in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). Nitrogen balance (NB) and ureic nitrogen appearance (UNA) are measures that allow to estimate the extent of catabolism in AKI. Objectives: To describe and classify the catabolism of AKI patients on hemodialysis (HD) and high volume peritoneal dialysis (HVPD) and to examine whether NB and UNA are early markers of infection and mortality in these patients. Methodology: Prospective cohort study that evaluated AKI patients requiring dialysis at the Clinical Hospital of Botucatu Medicine College, from March 2011 to December 2012. The protocol study was performed using clinical and nutritional datas and parameters of catabolism. (such as reduction of at least 2g/day in NB or increased 2g/day in UNA) and assessment of presence of infection (fever, leukocytes above 12.000/mm ³ or CRP> 10mg/dl). All patients were followed by the medical staff since admission on unit nephrology until partial or complete recovery of renal function or death. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Research. Results are expressed as median or mean and standard deviation. To compare the clinical, nutritional and catabolism characteristics, t test, Mann-Whitney or chi-square were used. To investigate the association of NB and UNA with mortality and infection, t test or Mann-Whitney test and Kaplan-Meyer were used, respectively. The statistical significance level was p <0.05. Results: 124 patients were included, 96 in HD and 28 in HVPD. Patients had a median age of 63 years, prevalence of admission in ICU of 85.5%, AKI Severity Index (ATN-ISS) of 64.85% and mortality rate of 56.5%. HD and HVPD patients showed severe catabolism with NB median of -8.74 gN/day (-14.74;3.93 gN/day) vs. -7.36 gN/day (-13.46;-1.56 gN/day), p=0,73)], respectively. Measures of UNA were [16.74 gN/day (10.38 - 22.76 gN/day) vs. 12.97 gN/day (10.53 - 17.14), ...
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Michaud, Odile. "The establishment of economic thresholds for the green apple bug, Lygocoris communis (Knight), and tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), (Hemiptera: miridae) in apple orchards in Southwestern Quebec /." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66179.
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Estaquio, Carla. "Scores nutritionnels : méthodes, aspects socio-économiques et association avec l’état nutritionnel et la morbidité dans la cohorte SU.VI.MAX." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CNAM0782/document.
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Les actions mises en œuvre dans le cadre du Programme National Nutrition Santé (PNNS) suscitent des attentes et des interrogations en termes d’efficacité. Il est donc utile d’apporter des informations concernant l’adhésion de la population aux recommandations et sur l’effet possible de cette adhésion sur l’état de santé. L’adhésion a été mesurée grâce à la construction de deux scores construits a priori sur la base des objectifs de santé publique (FSIPO) ou repères du PNNS (PNNS-GS). Globalement, une meilleure adéquation aux 9 recommandations ou objectifs de santé publique était associée à un statut nutritionnel favorable. Les sujets présentant un score élevé (PNNS-GS ou FSIPO) déclaraient également des habitudes de vie plus saines (tabac, alcool, activité physique) que ceux ayant des scores bas. Une réduction de 36% du risque de maladies chroniques (décès, cancers et maladies cardiovasculaires) a été observée, après huit ans de suivi, chez les hommes ayant un FSIPO élevé. Malgré certaines limites, la validation de scores nutritionnels a priori s’avère indispensable pour convaincre tant les autorités de santé publique que les professionnels de santé et le grand public que tendre vers les recommandations peut être bénéfique tant au niveau individuel que collectifThe actions implemented in the French National Program on Nutrition and Health (PNNS) raise expectations and questions in terms of efficiency. It is therefore useful to provide information about the general public adherence and demonstrate the potential for improving the health status of the population when PNNS nutritional guidelines are followed. Adherence was measured through the construction of two a priori nutritional scores based on the public health goals (FSIPO) or PNNS recommendations (PNNS-GS). A better compliance with recommendations or public health goals was associated with better nutritional status. Subjects with a high score (PNNS-GS or FSIPO) reported healthier lifestyle (tobacco, alcohol, physical activity) than those with lower scores. A 36% reduction in the risk of chronic disease (death, cancer and cardiovascular disease) was observed after eight years of follow up, among men with high FSIPO. Despite some limitations, validation of a priori nutritional scores is essential to convince both the public health authorities and the general public that the adherence to the PNNS is useful at an individual and collective level
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Rowan, Lisa S. "Effects of Asphondylia borrichiae, Simulated Herbivory, and Nutritional Status on Survival, Flowering, and Seed Viability in Sea Oxeye Daisy (Borrichia frutescens)." UNF Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/500.
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Although herbivory and other types of plant damage typically are viewed as detrimental to plant survival and performance, vigorous regrowth, greater seed set, and fitness benefits may be possible when damage to the apical meristem, or actively growing stem terminal, is involved. Such damage releases apical dominance, or the hormonal suppression of lateral buds, activates dormant lateral buds, and enables lateral shoots to grow. Since in plants with terminal flowers, each stem may bear a flower, removal of the apical meristem may result in stem bifurcation and ultimately increase the number of flowers and seeds, thereby increasing potential fitness. In the current study, possible overcompensation in response to apical meristem damage caused by simulated herbivory (clipping) and the gall midge Asphondylia borrichiae Rossi and Strong (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) (galling) was investigated in the native coastal halophyte, sea oxeye daisy Borrichia frutescens (L.) DC. (Asteraceae), in relation to nutrient supplementation. Results suggest a strong correlation between stem count and gall count at the study site; moreover, apical dominance was relatively weak early in the growing season and stronger in short plants that were shaded by taller neighbors later in the season. Results also indicate that overcompensation or even full compensation is an unlikely response to apical meristem damage in B. frutescens. Stem count was similar across all stem treatments, but increased significantly with nutrient supplementation, which all supports weak apical dominance in sea oxeye daisy. Nearly all measures of fitness also were either slightly or significantly lower when clipped and galled compared to plants with stems intact, while seed count responded positively to nutrient supplementation.
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Aryamanesh, Nader. "Chickpea improvement through genetic analysis and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of ascochyta blight resistence using wild Cicer species." University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0072.
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[Truncated abstract] The genetics of ascochyta blight resistance was studied in five 5 x 5 half-diallel cross sets involving seven genotypes of chickpea (ICC 3996, Almaz, Lasseter, Kaniva, 24B-Isoline, IG 9337 and Kimberley Large), three accessions of Cicer reticulatum (ILWC 118, ILWC 139 and ILWC 184) and one accession of C. echinospermum (ILWC 181) under field conditions. Both F1 and F2 generations were used in the diallel analysis. Almaz, ICC 3996 and ILWC 118 were the most resistant genotypes. Estimates of genetic parameters, following Hayman's method, showed significant additive and dominant gene actions. The analysis also revealed the involvement of both major and minor genes. Susceptibility was dominant over resistance to ascochyta blight. The recessive alleles were concentrated in the two resistant chickpea parents ICC 3996 and Almaz, and one C. reticulatum genotype ILWC 118. High narrow-sense heritability (ranging from 82 to 86% for F1 generations, and 43 to 63% for F2 generations) indicates that additive gene effects were more important than non-additive gene effects in the inheritance of the trait and greater genetic gain by breeding resistant chickpea cultivars using carefully selected parental genotypes. Current simple leaf varieties are often susceptible to ascochyta blight disease whereas varieties of other leaf types range from resistant to susceptible. The inheritance of ascochyta blight resistance and different leaf types and their correlation were investigated in intraspecific progeny derived from crosses among two resistant genotypes with normal leaf type (ICC 3996 and Almaz), one susceptible simple leaf type (Kimberley Large) and one susceptible multipinnate leaf type (24 B-Isoline). ... An interspecific F2 mapping population derived from a cross between chickpea accession ICC 3996 (resistant to ascochyta blight, early flowering, and semi-erect plant growth habit) and C. reticulatum accession ILWC 184 (susceptible to ascochyta blight, ii late flowering, and prostrate plant growth habit) was used for constructing a genetic linkage map. F2 plants were cloned through stem cuttings taken at pre-flowering stage, treated with plant growth regulator powder (0.5 mg/g indole butyric acid (IBA) and 0.5 mg/g naphthalene acetic acid (NAA)) and grown in a sand + potting mix substrate. Clones were screened for ascochyta blight resistance in controlled environment conditions using a 19 scale. Three quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were found for ascochyta blight resistance in this population. Two linked QTLs, located on linkage group (LG) 4, explained 21.1% and 4.9% of the phenotypic variation. The other QTL, located on LG3, explained 22.7% of the phenotypic variation for ascochyta blight resistance. These QTLs explained almost 49% of the variation for ascochyta blight resistance. LG3 had two major QTLs for days to flowering (explaining 90.2% of phenotypic variation) and a major single QTL for plant growth habit (explaining 95.2% of phenotypic variation). There was a negative correlation between ascochyta blight resistance and days to flowering, and a positive correlation between days to flowering and plant growth habit. The flanking markers for ascochyta blight resistance or other morphological characters can be used in marker-assisted selections to facilitate breeding programs.
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Gumede, Halalisani. "The development of a putative microbial product for use in crop production." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/1352/.
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Du, Min. "A greenhouse screening method for resistance to gray leaf spot in maize." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42953.
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Galhardi, Cristiano Machado [UNESP]. "Efeitos da elevada ingestão de sacarose e da restrição no tempo de ingestão alimentar sobre parâmetros morfométricos, bioquímicos séricos e cardíacos de ratos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102657.
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Estudos relacionados às conseqüências metabólicas da ingestão de dietas ricas em sacarose ou frutose ainda são limitados. Assim como os estudos que envolvem a restrição no número de refeições diárias. No presente trabalho foram utilizados 24 ratos machos wistar, de peso inicial médio de 222,69 l 16,49g, divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos AD, RT, ADS, RTS com seis ratos cada. O grupo AD foi considerado controle, recebendo dieta basal ad libitum. Os animais do grupo RT receberam a mesma quantidade de dieta ingerida pelo grupo AD, oferecida diariamente no período restrito de duas horas (9:00 às 11:00h). Os animais do grupo ADS receberam ração controle ad libitum e para beber, solução aquosa de sacarose 30% ad libitum. Ratos do grupo RTS foram tratados com a mesma quantidade de ração ingerida pelo grupo ADS, oferecida durante o tempo restrito de 2 horas diárias e solução aquosa de sacarose 30% ad libitum. Após 30 dias de tratamentos os animais foram sacrificados. O soro foi utilizado para determinação do perfil lipídico e marcadores do estresse oxidativo. Restrição no tempo de ingestão alimentar desenvolveu dislipidemia com elevação nos fatores de riscos para aterosclerose, elevação no estresse oxidativo, bem como, diminuição de marcadores de defesa antioxidantes. A elevação na atividade sérica da fosfatase alcalina sugere a existência de alteração hepática. O modelo de dieta rica em carboidratos apresentou característica fenotípica de síndrome metabólica, que foi confirmada pela dislipidemia, acompanhada de hipertrigliceridemia. A restrição no tempo de ingestão alimentar com dieta rica em carboidrato induziu dislipidemia, elevação na ALP sugerindo alteração hepática, bem como elevação nos marcadores de estresse oxidativo e diminuição nas defesas antioxidantes.
Not available.