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1

Main, A. N. H. "Clinical and experimental studies of nutritional deficiency and nutritional therapy in Crohn's disease." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19094.

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2

雷志鵬 and Chi-pang Lui. "Nutritional zinc-deficiency and nitrosamine-induced carcinogenesis in the rat." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31207820.

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3

Lui, Chi-pang. "Nutritional zinc-deficiency and nitrosamine-induced carcinogenesis in the rat /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1986. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12326550.

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4

Moreno, Reyes Mario Rodrigo. "Clinical and experimental studies of nutritional selenium and iodine deficiency." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211435.

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5

Sibani, Sahar. "Genetic and nutritional folate deficiency : implications for homocystinuria and intestinal neoplasia." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31539.

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Folate deficiency, a prevalent vitamin deficiency in America, can stem from environmental and/or genetic causes. The most common inborn error of folate metabolism is deficiency of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), which catalyzes the reduction of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. Severe MTHFR deficiency results in hyperhomocysteinemia and homocystinuria; patients present with developmental delay, and various neurological and vascular disorders. This thesis describes three mutations identified in the MTHFR locus in patients with severe deficiency: 1025T→C (M→T), 1027T→G (W→G), and 1768G→A (E→K). Genotype-phenotype correlations are described, along with biochemical characterization of three mutations (983A→G (N→S), 1025T→C, 1027T→G). All three mutations exert their effect by decreasing Vmax without changing the enzyme's affinity for its substrate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. The 983A→G variant also conferred decreased affinity for FAD, a cofactor.
The more common and mild deficiency observed in the general healthy population is probably due in part to insufficient dietary intake of folate. Folate deficiency has been associated with increased risk for colon cancer. In a pilot study presented here, the impact of altered folate intake on tumor multiplicity in the Min mouse, a model for multiple intestinal neoplasia, was assessed. Folate deficient diets did not produce a consistent change in tumor numbers. However, a linear correlation between S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine content of preneoplastic tissue and tumor multiplicity was identified.
This thesis contributes to our understanding of the impact of genetic- and/or dietary-induced folate deficiency on cellular and organismal functions.
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6

Hughmark, Christine Ann. "Changes in indicators of nutritional status during hospitalization." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41926.

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The medical records of 263 patients hospitalized between 14 and 28 days in a 405-bed, acute care, community hospital were reviewed before 100 records were obtained with complete data to determine percent recommended body weight (RBW), serum albumin, total lymphocyte count (TLC), and hematocrit on admission and near discharge. Serum albumin and hematocrit were the only indicators that changed significantly during hospitalization, with both decreasing from admission to discharge. Considering the four indicators together, changes in nutritional status of the patients during hospitalization were determined. Eighty three patients were found to be at least at moderate potential for nutritional risk on admission, and 95 were found to be at least at moderate potential for nutritional risk near discharge. No patients who were judged to be potentially at severe nutritional risk on admission improved their nutritional status during hospitalization. Paired comparisons of the four parameters indicated that hematocrit and serum albumin seemed to be measuring changes in potential nutritional status more similarly than any other pair of assessment indicators.

Sixty-three of the patients did not receive what was judged to be adequate kilocalories and protein during hospitalization. Twelve of these patients were found to have an increase in potential nutritional risk status.

Of the 163 medical records that were reviewed but did not have all indicators recorded, height was most often missing on admission, and weight and serum albumin were most often missing near discharge.
Master of Science

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7

Power, Harold Michael. "A study of iron nutrition and immunity in infancy." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25837.

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Motivation and study design: Iron deficiency is a common condition in infancy, particularly in lower socio-economic groups. In Cape Town it remains a problem in spite of public health measures taken against it: a recent survey found a prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia of 34% in healthy 1-year old term infants who had ready access to a municipal health clinic where iron fortified milk formula is sold at subsidized prices. The consequences of iron deficiency extend beyond anaemia- to involve all organ systems including the immune system. Since Helen Mackay's report in 1928 of a striking decrease in incidents of infection in infants treated with iron, clinicians have assumed that iron deficiency predisposes to infection. Despite a sound theoretical basis for this belief, the clinical evidence for the assumption is poor as studies to date have displayed methodological deficiencies. On the other hand, iron is also essential for the growth of micro-organisms. As such, supplemental iron may predispose to infection. Indeed, there is much laboratory and clinical evidence to show that excess iron can result in the recrudescence of quiescent infections and increase the virulence of newly acquired infections. Thus, the competition between host and parasite may sometimes hinge on the relative availability of iron and it has been speculated that excess iron in infant milk formula may increase susceptibility to infectious diarrhoeal disease. The problem addressed by this thesis was to determine the utility of increasing the level of iron fortification of infant milk formula. Three questions were posed: Does increasing the level of iron fortification of conventional infant milk formula improve the iron nutrition of normal infants fed on the formula? Does increased iron fortification of infant milk formula alter immunity as reflected by incidence of infection and laboratory tests of immune function? Are there any handful effects of increasing the quantity of iron in conventional infant milk formula? A double blind randomized trial was carried out in 1983 and 1984 to answer these questions. A group of 149 healthy, well-nourished infants from a lower socio-economic community of so called Cape Coloureds were followed from the age of 3 months to 1 year. Half of the infants, the Control group, were given a commercially available infant milk formula (Lactogen Full Protein) which has 8.3 mg Fe/ 100 g formula and 37 mg ascorbic acid/ 100 g. The other half of subjects, the Test group, were given the same milk formula but fortified with iron to a concentration of 40 mg Fe/ 100 g. The children were examined every 3 or 4 weeks and any infection or history of infection was noted. Laboratory tests were done at the start of the trial and again on completion. During the trial, laboratory tests were performed only if clinically indicated. The tests included full blood count and differential analysis, red cell zinc protoporphyrin, plasma ferritin, plasma and hair zinc and lymphocyte subtyping with monoclonal antibodies. Within each group, half of the infants were randomly selected for assay of neutrophil bactericidal activity. The other half were assayed for lymphocyte blastogenic response to stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin. Tests of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity to Candida antigen and PPD were done and all children and their mothers had antibodies to tetanus and polio determined. Results: 74 infants in the Control group started the trial and 62 completed it. In the Test group, 75 infants began and 70 completed the study. Intake of milk and solid foods was not quantified, but the ages of weaning and of introduction of new foods were determined. The Control and Test groups did not differ significantly on any test item. The mean age of completion of weaning was 3.60 months for the Control group and 4.04 months for the Test group. The Control group was first given meat or fish at a mean age of 5.19 months; the Test. group had meat or fish introduced to their diets at a mean age of 4.36 months. These differences were not statistically significant. The children in the Control group were lighter and shorter than the Test group at the end of the year. Mean standard deviation scores for weight were 0.23 and 0.48 respectively (P = 20%), while for length the SD scores were -0.13 and 0.06 (P = 20%).
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8

Chan, Jessica See Wen 1984. "The role of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and nutritional deficiencies in cardiac development /." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111553.

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Disruptions in folate metabolism are known to increase the risk for neural tube defects (NTD) and this is preventable by folic acid supplementation. However, the relationship between folate metabolism and cardiac development remains unclear. The interaction between other folate pathway nutrients, choline and riboflavin, and folate metabolism was studied in a murine model of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiency. Maternal choline deficiency, riboflavin deficiency and MTHFR deficiency adversely affected embryonic or heart development. The promoters of MTHFR were also examined for interactions with GATA-4, TBX5, MEF2A and NKX-2.5, known transcription factors of cardiac development. Upstream promoter activity was increased in the presence of GATA-4 and this interaction was further enhanced upon the addition of MEF2A. TBX5 appeared to decrease upstream promoter activity. GATA-4 modestly increased downstream promoter activity. These results highlight the importance of adequate nutrient intake during pregnancy and provide a link between folate metabolism and cardiac development.
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9

Asch, Ruth H. "Neurodevelopmental Consequences of Maternal Omega-3 Fatty Acid Deficiency." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1583154907162725.

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10

Streeter, Tania C. "Role of Zn nutritional status on infection of Medicago species by Rhizoctonia solani /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09APSP/09apsps915.pdf.

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11

Altenburger, Jena L. "THE QUALITY OF NUTRITIONAL INTAKES IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1274471115.

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12

Kemmer, Teresa M. "Iron deficiency anemia in refugee children from Burma : a policy proposal /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6595.

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13

Nyakeriga, Alice. "Relation of nutritional status, immunity, hemoglobinopathy and falciparum malaria infection." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Wenner-Grens institut för experimentell biologi, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-369.

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The interaction between nutritional status and malaria disease is complex and often controversial. Nutritional deficiencies (macro- or micro-nutrient) are thought to lead to malnutrition with subsequent susceptibility to malaria infection. On the other hand severe malaria or repeated malaria infections lead to malnutrition. While the cause and effect are difficult to attribute, micronutrient deficiencies such as iron deficiency and malaria infection often co-exist and show complex interactions leading to mutually reinforced detrimental clinical effects. That iron deficiency has adverse effects on human health is widely recognized. Iron plays a crucial role in processes of growth and cell division and in the transport of oxygen throughout the body. It is also important for the proliferation of cells of the immune system as well as for microorganisms including the malaria parasite. Iron deficiency results in a decrease in hemoglobin concentrations and subsequent anemia. However, the etiology of anemia is multi-factorial and may be affected, in addition, by several factors including malaria and host factors, especially hemoglobinopathies such as alpha-thalassemia and sickle cell trait. These hemoglobinopathies are also common in malaria endemic areas. In this thesis, we have investigated the relationship between nutritional status, immunity, hemoglobinopathies and falciparum malaria in a cohort of children less than 8 years old living on the coast of Kenya. We have found that malaria was associated with malnutrition in an age-dependent fashion. Malaria was associated with subsequent underweight or stunting in children under the age of 2 years, but this effect was not there in older children. Also, we observed that iron deficiency was associated with protection of children against clinical malaria. Children who were iron deficient had a lower incidence of malaria episodes as compared to those who were iron replete. While studies on the effects of single micronutrient deficiencies on components of the immune system are difficult to design and interpret, there is ample evidence that micronutrient deficiencies, in general, affect all components of immunity. In line with this, we found that nutritional iron status was associated with certain malaria-specific immunoglobulins and interleukin-4 mRNA levels. Iron deficient children had lower levels of malaria-specific IgG2 and IgG4 but higher expression levels of IL-4 mRNA as compared to the iron replete children. Finally, we observed a tendency towards a higher prevalence of iron deficiency in children carrying either alpha-thalassemia or sickle cell trait.
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14

Murphy, Patricia 1977. "Prevalence and dietary predictors of iron deficiency anemia in women 1-year postpartum living in central Montreal." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82298.

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We estimated the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in women 1-year postpartum in central Montreal. Blood samples were obtained by venipuncture and questionnaires administered. Iron intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. Mothers with at least two of the following laboratory values were considered to have IDA: serum ferritin (SF) < 12 mug/L, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) < 80 fL and hemoglobin (Hb) < 120 g/L. Blood samples were analysed for 201 women. The estimates of prevalence of anemia (Hb < 120 g/L), iron deficiency (SF < 12 mug/L) and IDA were 7.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.8%-10.9%), 5.5% (95% CI 2.5%-8.9%) and 2.5% (95% CI 0.3%-4.7%) respectively. No significant differences were observed between level of income and anemia, iron deficiency and IDA rates. Anemia was not related to dietary iron intake. In conclusion, the prevalence of IDA is low among healthy women 1-year postpartum in central Montreal.
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15

Bourgeois, Annie-Claude. "Dietary boron deficiency and elevated in vitro boron concentrations reduce survival of the murine gastrointestinal nematode, Heligmosomoides bakeri." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100778.

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In the past 20 years, boron has been identified as an essential trace element for animals and humans but also as an increasingly important industrial pollutant. We examined first whether boron influenced survival of the gastrointestinal nematode Heligmosomoides bakeri. Female Balb/c mice were fed deficient (0.1 mug B/g), marginal (2.0 mug B/g) or control (12.0 mug B/g) diets, and infected with third-stage larvae. Although liver boron concentrations did not differ among diet groups, dietary boron deficiency impaired survival of the parasite and modulated a broad range of cytokines and chemokines. On the other hand, infection history altered liver mineral concentrations. Second, we examined whether elevated boron concentrations would exert toxic effects on H. bakeri in vitro. Boron toxicity was evidenced by reduced motility, fecundity, infectivity and survival. Feeding stages and free-living stages were more sensitive than non-feeding stages and parasitic stages respectively in a dose-dependent manner.
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16

Carr, Timothy Perry. "Copper deficiency-induced hypercholesterolemia: In vivo catabolism of high density lipoprotein cholesteryl ester and protein moities in the rat." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184690.

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Two studies were conducted to determine how HDL cholesteryl ester and apoprotein catabolism might contribute to the observed hypercholesterolemia of copper-deficient rats. Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two dietary treatments; copper-adequate (control, 5-7 mg Cu/kg diet) and copper-deficient (0.6-0.8 mg Cu/kg diet). Deionized water and diet were provided ad libitum. Dietary copper deficiency resulted in enlarged intravascular pools of HDL cholesteryl esters and total protein. HDL were isolated from rats of both treatment groups, radiolabeled, and injected into animals of the respective groups. In Study I, HDL apoproteins were labeled by iodination, whereas HDL in Study II were doubly labeled by additionally incorporating into the particle core [³H]cholesteryl linoleyl ether, which served as a nondegradable analog of HDL cholesteryl ester. At specific time intervals up to 12 hours after injection, blood and tissue samples were removed and analyzed for radioactivity. Plasma disappearance curves indicated that HDL cholesteryl esters were preferentially catabolized 1.6-fold faster than HDL protein in controls and 2.5-fold faster in copper-deficient animals. Clearance of individual apoproteins did not occur at significantly different rates in either treatment group. Absolute mass removal of HDL cholesteryl ester and total protein from the plasma was significantly increased in copper-deficient rats. Virtually all of the increased removal of HDL cholesteryl ester was attributed to the liver, whereas most of the increased uptake of HDL protein was attributed to the bulk tissues and not the liver. Since previous studies indicate that copper deficiency may not result in increased cholesterol excretion, these data suggest that cholesteryl esters delivered to the liver of copper-deficient rats are possibly reassembled into new HDL particles at an increased rate. The observed hypercholesterolemia in this animal model, then, appears to be the result of an imbalance in the net flux of cholesterol between the tissues and the plasma.
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17

DeSista, Anna Lee. "The effects of nutritional deficiency, fulfillment of physiological and non-physiological needs, and nicotine administration on eating behavior." Thesis, Boston College, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/485.

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Thesis advisor: Stephen Heinrichs
The present study seeks to use an animal model to examine how dietary restriction, physiological and non-physiological needs, and nicotine administration influence eating behavior. Diets restricting proteins were fed to rats in order to assess if any abnormalities in feeding behavior result. Following a plan of limited access to the restricted nutrient a physiological rebound occurred, involving increased selection for the restricted nutrient. Non-physiological needs were also be studied by observing the effect of taste modification on the eating behavior. The taste of the restricted nutrient was modified to have a preferred, sweet taste or non-preferred, bitter taste. Non-physiological drives to avoid unpleasant tastes were overridden by the physiological need for the restricted nutrient. Furthermore, the drive to increase consumption of a pleasant tasting food was seen only in protein deficient rats, whereas rats that were not deficient in protein ate as much of the sweet tasting food as the unadultered food. Nicotine administration was seen to suppress the physiological need for the deficient nutrient, and withdrawal of nicotine resulted in a return to the normal physiological drive for the restricted nutrient
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2004
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Psychology
Discipline: College Honors Program
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18

Shi, Hai Ning. "Interactions among zinc deficiency, energy restriction, immunity and Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda) infection in mice." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40251.

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Interactions among zinc deficiency, energy restriction, immunity and Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda) infection in mice were investigated. Mice were fed zinc-sufficient (Zn+: 60mg zinc/kg diet), zinc-deficient (Zn$-$: 0.75 mg/kg) or pair-fed (PF) diets. Liver and serum zinc concentrations were reduced in Zn$-$ mice, but zinc content of worms was unaffected by host diet. Both zinc deficiency and energy restriction accelerated worm maturation during a primary infection, but zinc deficiency caused stunting of female worms. Energy restriction led to a anteriorad distribution of worms along the intestine whereas zinc deficiency led to a posteriorad distribution. Enhanced parasite survival in Zn$-$ and PF mice was associated with a decreased immune response in both primary and challenge infections. In the primary infection, spleen cell production of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-$ gamma$), peripheral eosinophilia and serum levels of IgE and IgG1 were reduced by zinc deficiency, whereas the reduced delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and impaired interleukin-5 (IL-5) production were attributed to energy restriction. In the challenge infection, reduced antibody levels (total IgE and IgG1, parasite-specific IgG1 and IgG3) and eosinophilia were attributed to zinc deficiency whereas the higher worm numbers were attributed to a combined effect of zinc deficiency and energy restriction. Although the absolute number of spleen cells was reduced in both Zn$-$ and PF mice, neither deficiency altered the proportion of the cell subpopulations. In vitro functional assays in response to parasite antigen (Ag) revealed that T cell proliferation was reduced by a direct effect of zinc deficiency on T cells, and by the effects of energy restriction on antigen presenting cells (APC). Impaired cytokine production in Zn$-$ mice was more complex. Zinc deficiency reduced T cell function (IL-4 production), energy restriction decreased T cell (IFN-$ gamma$ productio
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19

Rodrigues, Marilsa Aparecida [UNESP]. "Caracterização de sintomas visuais de deficiência de macronutrientes em alface." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88244.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O diagnóstico de problemas nutricionais, mediante a observação de sintomas, tem grande importância prática porque permite tomar decisões rápidas no campo para a correção das deficiências. O objetivo do trabalho foi descrever e fotografar os efeitos das omissões de cada macronutriente em cultivares de alface. O experimento foi conduzido em hidroponia, técnica do fluxo laminar de nutrientes, na UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, no Estado de São Paulo. Foram avaliados sete tratamentos: solução nutritiva completa, e as omissões de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S, em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Os tratamentos com omissão de P, Ca e S na solução nutritiva foram aplicados no mesmo dia do transplante das mudas de alface do “berçário” para os canais de crescimento final. Quatro dias após foram aplicadas as soluções com omissão de N, K e Mg. Os sintomas visuais de deficiências, nas condições experimentais, surgiram na seguinte ordem de ocorrência: N, K, Mg, P, Ca. A omissão de enxofre não proporcionou sintomas visuais de carência no nutriente. Entre as cultivares, a visualização dos sintomas de carência nutricional foram facilmente visualizados em Verônica e Lucy Brown e dificilmente identificados na Oak Leaf Red Pixie
Diagnosis of nutritional problems through observation of symptoms has great practical importance because it allows making quick decisions in the field for correction of deficiencies. This study aimed to describe and photograph the effects of macronutrient omission in lettuce cultivars. Seven treatments were evaluated: complete nutrient solution and the omission of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in randomized blocks design with three replications. Treatments were applied to cultivars Oak Leaf Red Pixie (crisp group without head, reddish leaves), Lucy Brown (American group, smooth, green leaves) and Veronica (crisp group without head, green leaves). Treatments with the omission of Ca, P and S in nutrient solution were applied on the same day that the lettuce seedlings were transplanted from nursery to the channels of final growth. After four days, it were applied the solutions with the omission of N, K and Mg. Visual symptoms of deficiency under the experimental conditions appeared to occur in the following order: N, K, Mg, P and Ca. The omission of S did not show the visual symptoms of nutrient deficiency. Among the cultivars, the symptoms of nutritional deficiency were easily observed in 'Veronica' and 'Lucy Brown' and hardly identified in the 'Red Oak Leaf Pixie
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20

Ing, Rebecca Yat Loo 1971. "Dietary protein deficiency modifies systemic and gut-associated immune responses in mice infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda)." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20576.

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Protein deficiency may increase susceptibility to gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic infections, possibly as a result of impaired systemic and/or intestinal effector responses induced by downregulation of Th2 cytokines and/or upregulation of Th1 cytokines. To test this hypothesis, female BALB/c mice (n = 18/diet) were fed a control (24%), marginal (7%), or deficient (3%) protein diet and given a challenge infection with the GI nematode, Heligmosomoides polygyrus. The 3% mice had higher worm burdens at 1, 2 and 4 weeks post-challenge infection (pci), lower increases in serum IgE, reduced intestinal eosinophilia, and depressed mucosal mast cell proliferation and activation at 1 to 2 weeks pci. To determine whether these suppressed effector responses in the 3% mice were associated with altered spleen and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cytokine profiles, cells were restimulated in vitro with parasite antigen and cytokine concentrations were measured. Deficient MLN cells secreted significantly less IL-4 and more IFN-gamma at 1--2 weeks pci than did control MLN cells. Deficient spleen cells also secreted more IFN-gamma at 2 weeks pci compared with control spleen cells. From RT-PCR analyses, the 3% mice also had lower IL-4 mRNA expression in spleen and MLN at 1--2 weeks pci. Our study supports the hypothesis that protein deficiency exacerbates the survival of a GI nematode parasite by decreasing IL-4 (Th2) and increasing IFN-gamma (Th1) early in the infection, leading to reduced gut and systemic Th2 effector responses.
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21

CASTRO, LUIS F. D. e. "Avaliação do zinco plasmático nos pacientes idosos no Hospital Regional de Araguaína, Tocantins." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2011. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9986.

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Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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22

Minkus, Tracy M. "The effect of low dietary zinc on outcome of primary and challenge nematode infections in mice /." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59808.

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The effect of low dietary zinc on the survival and reproduction of an intestinal nematode (Heligmosomoides polygyrus) during both primary (Experiment 1) and challenge (Experiment 2) infections was investigated. Plasma zinc concentrations were significantly lower in mice fed a 5 ppm zinc diet (ZR), compared with control mice fed a 60 ppm zinc diet (C) in both experiments. There were no significant differences between ZR and C mice in any other zinc parameter or on worm burdens or worm fecundity in either experiment. Comparisons between the primary infection and the challenge infection did suggest a possible effect of calorie restriction on worm burdens.
Parasitic infection did, however, affect the host nutritional status. Spleen weight was significantly higher in infected mice in both experiments. In the challenge infection, both liver and spleen copper concentrations were significantly higher, and spleen iron concentration significantly lower in the infected mice. That these significant results were seen only in the challenge infection may suggest the role of the host immune response.
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23

Shalchi-Toosi, Marjan. "Implications of methionine and S-adenosylmethionine for the brain function." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26132.

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We have studied the effect of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) on tail flick latency in the rat. We also studied the effect of methionine the immediate precursor of SAM. Administration of methionine to the rat increases brain SAM, but little is known about its behavioral effects. Long-Evans rats were given SAM and methionine orally at different doses and tail-flick latency was measured at various times. Both methionine and SAM increased tail-flick latency, but methionine did so at a lower dose. A biochemical study showed that methionine was more effective than SAM in raising brain SAM probably because it is transported better into brain. The biochemical measurements were not consistent with the idea that the effects of SAM and methionine were mediated by an increase in brain 5-HT.
Folate deficiency can lower brain SAM levels and cause depression. Thus, methionine, which raises brain SAM, may overcome the effects of folate deficiency. Seven day food records were done by 26 psychiatric outpatients who were stable on lithium treatment. Eight patients had mean daily folate intakes below those recommended. Some of those with low folate intake had high methionine intake consistent with the idea that methionine could substitute metabolically for folate deficiency. Daily methionine intakes ranged from 13 to 304% of the recommended intake. As methionine had behavioral effects in the rat at doses much less than the daily dietary intake this raises the question of whether varying daily intakes of methionine in humans have behavioral implications. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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24

Knowles, Jacqueline Mary. "Influence of nutritional antioxidants on malaria and the specific interaction of riboflavin deficiency with dietary omega-3 fatty acid excess." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320033.

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25

Rodrigues, Marilsa Aparecida. "Caracterização de sintomas visuais de deficiência de macronutrientes em alface /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88244.

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Orientador: Arthur Bernardes Cecílio Filho
Banca: Braúlio Luciano Alves Rezende
Banca: Roberto Botelho Ferraz Branco
Resumo: O diagnóstico de problemas nutricionais, mediante a observação de sintomas, tem grande importância prática porque permite tomar decisões rápidas no campo para a correção das deficiências. O objetivo do trabalho foi descrever e fotografar os efeitos das omissões de cada macronutriente em cultivares de alface. O experimento foi conduzido em hidroponia, técnica do fluxo laminar de nutrientes, na UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, no Estado de São Paulo. Foram avaliados sete tratamentos: solução nutritiva completa, e as omissões de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S, em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Os tratamentos com omissão de P, Ca e S na solução nutritiva foram aplicados no mesmo dia do transplante das mudas de alface do "berçário" para os canais de crescimento final. Quatro dias após foram aplicadas as soluções com omissão de N, K e Mg. Os sintomas visuais de deficiências, nas condições experimentais, surgiram na seguinte ordem de ocorrência: N, K, Mg, P, Ca. A omissão de enxofre não proporcionou sintomas visuais de carência no nutriente. Entre as cultivares, a visualização dos sintomas de carência nutricional foram facilmente visualizados em Verônica e Lucy Brown e dificilmente identificados na Oak Leaf Red Pixie
Abstract: Diagnosis of nutritional problems through observation of symptoms has great practical importance because it allows making quick decisions in the field for correction of deficiencies. This study aimed to describe and photograph the effects of macronutrient omission in lettuce cultivars. Seven treatments were evaluated: complete nutrient solution and the omission of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in randomized blocks design with three replications. Treatments were applied to cultivars Oak Leaf Red Pixie (crisp group without head, reddish leaves), Lucy Brown (American group, smooth, green leaves) and Veronica (crisp group without head, green leaves). Treatments with the omission of Ca, P and S in nutrient solution were applied on the same day that the lettuce seedlings were transplanted from "nursery" to the channels of final growth. After four days, it were applied the solutions with the omission of N, K and Mg. Visual symptoms of deficiency under the experimental conditions appeared to occur in the following order: N, K, Mg, P and Ca. The omission of S did not show the visual symptoms of nutrient deficiency. Among the cultivars, the symptoms of nutritional deficiency were easily observed in 'Veronica' and 'Lucy Brown' and hardly identified in the 'Red Oak Leaf Pixie
Mestre
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26

Nielsen, Kim. "The effects of iron deficiency on the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of albendazole in mice infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus /." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68228.

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The aim of this research was to determine the influence of iron deficiency on both the efficacy and metabolic patterns of albendazole in mice infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Anthelmintic efficacy was markedly decreased in iron-deficient mice; the deficiency was also associated with a decrease in body weight, altered hematological parameters and a decreased net egg output; worm establishment in the deficient group was not affected by the deficiency. Although anthelmintic efficacy was significantly decreased by the iron deficiency, plasma concentration profiles of the main metabolites, albendazole sulphoxide and albendazole sulphone, were not changed by the deficiency. Levels of intestinal cytochrome P-450, the main metabolizing enzyme of albendazole however, was significantly depressed in iron-deficient mice. These observations suggest that although pharmacokinetic parameters are not affected by iron deficiency, nutritional status has the potential to influence anthelmintic efficacy and thus warrants further study.
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27

Tu, Tao 1971. "Interactions among dietary protein intake, immunopathology, and Heligmosomoides bakeri (nematode) infection in mice." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115906.

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The research investigated the combined effects of protein deficiency (PD) and a gastrointestinal nematode infection, Heligmosomoides bakeri , on immunopathology and nutritional status in BALB/c mice. The acute phase of a primary infection reduced resting metabolic rate, but PD did not. Early challenge infection led to temporary anorexia and cessation of weight gain in both protein-sufficient (PS) and PD mice.
Among PS mice, a challenge dose of 200 L3 caused more active worm expulsion than infection with 100 L3. Both serum monocyte chemotactic protein-5 and gut fluid leakage were positively correlated with worm expulsion whereas numbers of mucosal mast cells, eosinophils, goblet cells and Paneth cells were unaffected by doses. Among PD mice, worm survival was prolonged and no dose-dependent worm expulsion was observed. In addition, a wide range of Th1 inflammatory cytokines including leptin was elevated in infected PD mice suggesting (1) that PD mice are unable to mount the appropriate Th2 inflammation and (2) that infection in PD mice induces a Th1 inflammation that allows continuing persistence of the parasite.
The shift to Th1 inflammatory responses in PD mice may also explain modifications in mineral distributions in tissues. Despite adequate dietary intakes of minerals in both PD and PS mice, serum iron concentrations were lower after H. bakeri challenge infection. Infection also reduced calcium and iron concentrations as well as the Ca/Zn ratio in the spleen. In contrast, PD resulted in increased iron and calcium concentrations as well as increased Ca/Zn ratio in the spleen and Fe/Zn ratio in the liver, but reduced calcium, zinc, copper and sulfur concentrations, and the Cu/Zn ratio in the liver.
Re-feeding PD mice with a PS diet restored parasite expulsion, regardless of whether the PS diet was provided during the primary or challenge infection. Thus, although PD mice have suppressed Th2 responses and elevated Th1 inflammation, their response to the primary infection is sufficient to ensure that parasite expulsion occurs once protein status is restored.
Together, these studies show that the shift toward Th1 inflammation plays a key role in prolonged parasite survival and mineral redistribution in protein deficient, infected mice.
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28

Bhunthurat, Anurak. "The Vitamin B-6 Status of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500541/.

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The problem of this study is to determine the vitamin B-6 status of patients who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Erythrocyte aspartate transaminase assay was the method for measuring vitamin B-6 status. The vitamin B-6 status was examined in thirty subjects (ten COPD subjects and twenty control subjects). An unpaired t-test was used to compare the vitamin B-6 status of the COPD group versus the control group. Four determinants (percentage stimulation, ratio of basal to stimulated activity, basal activity, and stimulated activity) were used to determine vitamin B-6 status in both groups of subjects. Percentage stimulation and ratio of basal to stimulated activity were not significantly different (control group versus COPD group) at the .05 level. However, two of ten COPD subjects had values for percentage stimulation that were two standard deviations above the mean, indicating a poor B-6 status. In contrast, basal activity and stimulated activity of erythrocyte aspartate transaminase were found to be significantly lower at the .05 level in the COPD group than the control group. Therefore, the COPD subjects as a group had some biochemical characteristics of a lower level of vitamin B-6 than the controls.
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29

Afonso, Fabrício Rubens Pires. "Avaliação nutricional de crianças e adolescentes portadores de imunodeficiências prímárias." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-11052010-110606/.

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As Imunodeficiências primárias (IDPs) incluem um grupo heterogêneo de doenças, que resultam de distúrbios do sistema imunológico, aumentando a susceptibilidade a infecções. Os avanços terapêuticos têm propiciado maior sobrevida destes pacientes, assim como necessidades nutricionais. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o estado nutricional nos diferentes grupos de IDP, avaliados através dos seguintes escores Z: peso, estatura e IMC para idade e da distribuição dos percentis de circunferência muscular do braço (CMB) e dobra cutânea triciptal (DCT) para idade. Também foram realizados exames laboratoriais relacionados à avaliação nutricional. Foram avaliados 72 pacientes da Unidade de Alergia e Imunologia do ICr- HCFMUSP com diagnóstico definitivo ou provável de IDP, com idade entre 3 e 19 anos, alocados em três grupos de IDP: humoral (n=44), fagócitos (n=12) e celular ou combinada (n=19). Os três grupos foram descritos através de suas idades, sexo, peso e estatura, e com base nestes dados, determinou-se o escore Z de estatura para idade e o escore Z de IMC para idade. Para cada um desses escores Z, foram calculados: a média, o desviopadrão e o intervalo de confiança 95%, sendo as médias obtidas comparadas por ANOVA e posteriormente o teste POST HOC de Tukey- Kramer. Para avaliação de ingestão alimentar foram realizados: o recordatório alimentar de 24 horas e o questionário de frequência alimentar. Observou-se que os grupos de IDP celular ou combinada e de fagócitos apresentaram médias de escore Z de estatura e IMC menores do que o grupo IDP predominantemente humoral. As médias de escore Z de peso para idade não apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante, entretanto o grupo predominantemente humoral teve a maior média. No grupo de IDP predominantemente humoral não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os subgrupos. A CMB estava abaixo do percentil 15 em 25% dos pacientes do grupo IDP predominantemente humoral; 55,5% do grupo de IDP de fagócitos; 68,4% do grupo de IDP celular ou combinada. Em relação à DCT, estavam abaixo do percentil 15: 18,1% dos pacientes do grupo IDP predominantemente humoral; 11% do grupo de IDP de fagócitos; e 36,8% do grupo de IDP celular ou combinada. A ingestão protéica excedeu o recomendado em 77%, 100% e 84,2% dos pacientes nos grupos de IDP predominantemente humoral, IDP de fagócitos e IDP celular ou combinada, respectivamente. Os grupos de IDP predominantemente humoral, IDP de fagócitos e IDP celular ou combinada apresentaram elevadas concentrações de colesterol. Em conclusão, observou-se déficit do estado nutricional mais intenso nos pacientes com IDP celular ou combinada e de fagócitos. O aumento de colesterol e a redução da CMB podem sugerir um distúrbio metabólico relacionado à inflamação crônica dos pacientes imunodeficientes, com risco para doença cardiovascular no futuro.
Primary immunodeficiencies (PID) include a heterogeneous group of diseases with immunological system disturbance, increasing susceptibility to infections. The therapeutic advances have increased life span of these patients, as well as the nutritional needs. The aim of this study was to compare the nutritional status of patients from different immunodeficiency groups evaluated by the following Z scores means: weight for age, height for age, body mass index (BMI) for age and the percentiles distribution of upper arm muscle circumference (UAMC) and triceps skin fold thickness (TSF) for age. Laboratorial exams related to nutritional status were also carried out. Among patients from Allergy and Immunology Unit from ICr-HCFMUSP, 72 patients with definitive or probable diagnosis were evaluated, with age from 3 to 19 years allocated in 3 PID groups: humoral (n=44), phagocytes (n=12) and cellular or combined (n=19). These three groups were described through age, gender, weight and height. Through these data, were determined the weight for age, height for age, and BMI for age Z scores. There were calculated for each Z score: the mean, standard-deviation and confidence interval 95%, being the obtained means compared by ANOVA and after, the Tukey-Kramer post hoc test. There were evaluated for intake food: a 24-hour recall and a food frequency questionnaire. It was observed that the cellular or combined and phagocyte groups presented lower height for age and BMI for age Z score means than the humoral group. The weight for age Z score means didnt show significant statistical difference, however the humoral group had the highest mean. Among the subgroups from humoral group was not found significant statistical difference. The UAMC was below the 15th percentile mean in 25% of the humoral group, 55.5% from the phagocyte group and 68.4% from the cellular or combined group. About TSF, 18.1% of patients from humoral group, 11% from phagocyte group and 36.8% from the cellular or combined group were below 15th percentile. The protein intake exceeded the RDA in 77%, 100% and 84.2% in patients from humoral, phagocyte and cellular or combined groups, respectively. The humoral, phagocyte and cellular or combined groups presented high cholesterol levels. In conclusion, it was observed more severe nutritional impairment in cellular or combined and phagocyte PID than the humoral group. The high cholesterol level and the UAMC reduction may suggest a metabolic disturbance related to chronic inflammation in PID patients, with risk for cardiovascular chronic disease in the future.
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30

Iwayama, Norihisa, Toru Shinzato, Shigeru Nakai, Shizue Ando, Yoshio Nagake, Hirofumi Makino, and Kenji Maeda. "Quantitative estimation of dietary energy deficiency and effects of Its supplementation on protein nutritional status of nondiabetic uremic patients undergoing protein restricted dietary regimens." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/5365.

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31

Vidrine, Damon J. (Damon James). "Nutritional, Demographic, and Behavioral DIfferences between Subjects from Two Similar WIC Clinics with Different Prevalences of Anemia." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277976/.

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The purpose of the study was to determine what nutritional, demographic, and behavioral differences existed between children one year of age from two similar WIC clinics with different prevalences of anemia. Children from the higher-prevalence site were found to consume significantly (p < .05) more B12, C, copper, fiber, folate, total kilocalories, and riboflavin than did children from the lower-prevalence site. Family income and maternal weight gain were significantly (p < .05) higher in the lower-prevalence group as compared to the higher-prevalence group. In addition, children from the higher-prevalence site were enrolled in the WIC program at a significantly (p < .05) younger age than were children from the lower-prevalence site.
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32

Tshitaudzi, Gilbert Tshimangadzo. "Nutritional status of pregnant women (under 20 years of age) with special emphasis on iron and folic acid status." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53529.

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Thesis (Mnutr)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Pregnancy and growth have been found to have a detrimental effect on the micronutrient status of adolescent girls. Dietary studies in adolescents have shown serious shortfalls in their dietary iron and folate intake. The competition for nutrients between the fetus and a pregnant adolescent may carry the risk of complications such as intrauterine growth retardation, pre-eclampsia, both maternal and fetal intrapartum mortality, the increased risk of birth injuries and low birth weight. The aim of the study was to assess the nutritional status of rural black, pregnant teenagers attending the antenatal clinic at Siloam Hospital in the Limpopo Province, with special emphasis on iron and folic acid intake, and evaluation of the newborn babies in terms of weight status and neural tube defects. The nutritional status was determined in 40 pregnant and 40 non-pregnant adolescent girls. The pregnant girls were selected during their first visit to the antenatal clinic, and the non-pregnant girls were selected from nearby schools. The demographic and dietary history questionnaires were used to collect information from the subjects. The dietary intake of the subjects was collected by the completion of a pre-tested quantified food frequency questionnaire. The anthropometric questionnaire was used to get information from the pregnant adolescents and the control group. The infant anthropometric measurements questionnaire provided information on the infant and the outcome of birth. Blood was collected from the pregnant adolescent girls and the control subjects. Anaemia was observed in 57.5% of the pregnant and 27.5% of the non-pregnant adolescents (haemoglobin AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar is bevind dat swangerskap en groei 'n nadelige effek het op die mikronutriëntstatus van vroulike adolessente. Dieetstudies in adolessente het ernstige tekortkominge in dieetyster- en folaatinnames getoon. Die kompetisie vir nutriente tussen die fetus en die swanger adolessent kan verantwoordelik wees vir komplikasies soos intra-uterine groeivertraging, preeklampsie, verhoogde mortaliteit van beide moeder en baba tydens kraam, 'n verhoogde risiko vir geboortebeserings en lae geboortegewig. Die doel van die studie was om die effek van voedingstatus by swart, swanger tieners by die voorgeboortekliniek in Siloam Hospital in die Limpopo-provinsie te bepaal, met spesifieke verwysing na die yster- en foliensuurinname, asook die evaluering van die pasgebore babas in terme van gewig en neurale buis defekte. Die voedingstatus van 40 swanger en 40 nie-swanger adolessente meisies IS bepaal. Die swanger meisies is ewekansig geselekteer gedurende die eerste besoek aan die voorgeboortekliniek , en die nie-swanger meisies is geselekteer by nabygeleë skole. Die demografiese en dieetgeskiedenisvraelyste is gebruik om inligting van die proefpersone in te samel. Voorafgetoetste gekwantifiseerde voedselfrekwensie vraelyste is gebruik om die voedselinname van proefpersone te bepaal. Antropometriese vraelyste is gebruik om antropometriese inligting van die swanger adolessente en die kontrole groep. Die antropometriese vraelys vir babas is gebruik om inligting ten opsigte van die baba aan te teken asook die verloop van die swangerskap. Bloedmonsters is van die swanger tieners en die kontrole groep ingesamel. Anemie is waargeneem by 57.5% van die swanger en 27.5% van die nie-swanger adolessente (hemoglobien
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33

Lerner, Barbara Regina. "A alimentação e a anemia carencial em adolescentes." Universidade de São Paulo, 1994. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6133/tde-16012018-145544/.

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A anemia ferropriva é o problema nutricional de maior prevalência atualmente no mundo. Sua ocorrência é considerada maior nos países em desenvolvimento, onde 36 por cento da população apresenta essa patologia. No Brasil uma parcela considerável da população está afetada. Em São Paulo o quadro não é diferente: 35 por cento das crianças de seis a sessenta meses do município de São Paulo apresentavam anemia por carência de ferro na década de oitenta. Em Osasco, município da área metropolitana de São Paulo, 51 por cento dos escolares de sete a oito anos são anêmicos. Com o objetivo de verificar o papel da alimentação como um dos determinantes da anemia prevalente entre adolescentes do município de Osasco - São Paulo (Brasil), foram estudados 509 escolares das quintas e oitavas séries de escolas da Rede Pública de Ensino de Osasco. A prevalência de anemia, identificada através da determinação da concentração de hemoglobina do sangue em amostras colhidas por punção digital, pelo método da cianometahemoglobina, foi baixa (5,3 por cento ), não havendo diferença entre os sexos. O perfil nutricional, identificado através de medidas antropométricas, revelou que 17,3 por cento dos adolescentes se localizaram abaixo do percentil 10 para peso/idade e 4,7 por cento abaixo do percentil 3. A proporção de desnutridos foi maior entre os alunos das quintas séries. Os homens apresentaram-se em piores condições nutricionais do que as mulheres. A prática alimentar, conhecida através do registro dos alimentos consumidos pelos alunos em três dia alternados, mostrou-se semelhante àquela encontrada em São Paulo em 1974/75. Foi observado pequeno consumo de alimentos fonte de vitamina C (elemento importante na absorção de ferro) e a tendência da substituição do jantar tradicional por um lanche. A maior parte dos adolescentes tem consumo energético adequado e de ferro, inadequado. A dieta consumida pelos adolescentes pode ser considerada de boa qualidade, justificando a baixa prevalência de anemia encontrada, embora a pequena densidade do ferro e do ferro biodisponível da dieta seja um indicador da provável existência de indivíduos deficientes em ferro em proporção apreciável na população.
Iron deficiency anemia is currently the most prevalent nutritional problem in the world. Its incidence is more significant in developing countries, where 36 per cent of the population develops this pathology. A substancial part of Brazilian population is affected by it. Even in the State of São Paulo the situation is the same: 35 per cent o f the children aged six to sixty months had iron deficiency anemia in the 80\'s in the city of São Paulo; and in Osasco, a town in the metropolitan area of São Paulo, 51 per cent of the school children aged 7-8 are anemic. Aiming at assessing the role of the diet as one of the determining causes for the anemia which is prevalent among teenagers in the town of Osasco, State of São Paulo, Brazil, a study was carried out with 509 students from 5th and 8th grade in the public school network in Osasco. The prevelence of anemia was checked through blood hemoglobin sampling, using digital puncture and the cyanomethahemoglobin method. The results have shown a discrete 5,3 per cent , regardless the sex o f the students. The nutritional profile, identified through anthropometric measurement, indicated that 17,3 per cent of the teenagers were under percentil 10 for weight/age and 4,7 per cent under percentile 3. The proportion of undernourished youngsters was higher among students in 5th grade. Boys showed worse nourishment conditions than girls. The nutritional practice, known through the records of the teenagers\' food intake during three alternating days, proved similar to that of 1974/75, in São Paulo. It was noted that the intake of foods containing Vitamin C is low - Viatmin C being an important element for the absortion of iron - and there is a trend of replacing the traditional dinner by a light meal. Most teenagers\' energy intake is adequa te whereas iron\'s is inadequate. The teenagers\' diet may be considered good, thus explaining the discrete prevalence of anemia among this group. Nevertheless, the low density of iron and bioavaiable iron in the diet are indications of the probable substantial proportion of iron deficient teenagers among the population.
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34

Miller, Kinsy Rae. "Comparison of Nutritional Deficiencies and Complications following Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy, Roux-en-y Gastric Bypass, and Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1230091360.

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35

VITTI, DORINHA M. S. S. "Avaliacao da disponibilidade biologica do fosforo dos fosfatos bicalcico, Patos de Minas, Tapira e Finos de Tapira para ovinos pela tecnica de diluicao." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1989. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10215.

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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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36

Lima, Suzana Cristina de Toledo Camacho. "Desenvolvimento de snack rico em ferro e vitamina A e intervenção nutricional em crianças com HIV/Aids." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/89/89131/tde-15032007-135834/.

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As crianças infectadas por HIV/Aids apresentam desnutrição e deficiências nutricionais, como anemia por deficiência de ferro e hipovitaminose A, causando prejuízo ao crescimento e desenvolvimento e imunodepressão. A fortificação de alimentos é vista como uma estratégia promissora para o combate de deficiências nutricionais. Objetivo: Desenvolver e testar aceitação e eficiência de snack de milho e pulmão bovino, rico em ferro e vitamina, na redução de anemia e hipovitaminose A, em crianças com HIV/Aids. Metodologia: Inicialmente, foi realizado um estudo transversal para caracterização do estado nutricional e alterações hematológicas - anemia e dislipidemias, em 63 crianças, com idade entre 5-10 anos, com HIV/Aids da Unidade de Infectologia do Instituto da Criança - HCFMUSP. Paralelamente, foi desenvolvido o snack rico em ferro e vitamina A, através da extrusão termoplástica, utilizando-se como matérias-primas: grits de milho degerminado e pulmão bovino liofilizado desengordurado (m/m, 90:10), como fonte de ferro heme, altamente biodisponível. A aromatização foi feita com os sabores bacon, cebola e salsa, e morango; neste processo, utilizou-se substituto de gordura e acetato de retinol para fortificação. A aceitação do snack, mediante avaliação sensorial com escala hedônica facial, foi feita por 53 crianças sadias e infectadas por HIV/Aids, com idade entre 2-10 anos, na Associação Civil Anima, SP. A intervenção nutricional ocorreu durante 2 meses; foram oferecidas 3 porções de 30g/semana de snack fortificado a 18 crianças com HIV/Aids, com idade entre 5-10 anos. Para avaliação nutricional, acompanhou-se: consumo alimentar através de recordatório de 24h, peso, altura, hemoglobina, ferro total, ferritina e retinol sérico, no início e no final da intervenção. Resultados: A desnutrição leve, moderada ou grave foi encontrada em 46% dos casos; sendo a maior freqüência no índice E/I, com escore-z de 39,7%, refletindo comprometimento de longa duração (stunting) no crescimento destas crianças. A prevalência de anemia do grupo foi de 19%. Entretanto, entre os tratados com AZT foi de 66%, observando-se associação entre prevalência de anemia e uso de AZT (zidovudina) na terapia anti-retroviral (TARV) (p=0,022). As prevalências de hipercolesterolemia e hipertrigliceridemia, considerando-se valores limítrofes e aumentados, foram respectivamente 53,5 e 51,7%; com observação de maiores freqüências nos grupos com inibidores de protease (IP) na TARV. O snack fortificado desenvolvido forneceu, em cada 100g, 5,07mg de ferro e 780?g RE de vitamina A, representando respectivamente 56% e até 78% das DRIS para crianças com idade entre 7-10 anos. O resultado da avaliação sensorial foi de aproximadamente 80% de aceitação para todos os sabores testados. A intervenção nutricional resultou em aumento da média de hemoglobina de 12,45+1,34g/dL para 12,56+1,33g/dL, sem significância estatística; e aumento do retinol sérico de 0,447+0,124 ?g RE para 0,928+0,415 ?g RE (p<0,01). Conclusão: Além de estudos de prevalência das deficiências nutricionais em grupos vulneráveis, tais como as crianças com HIV/Aids, são relevantes as intervenções nutricionais, pois contribuem como co-fator positivo no tratamento de doenças, através da melhora do estado nutricional do indivíduo.
Children infected by HIV/Aids present malnutrition and nutritional deficiency, as anaemia by iron deficiency and hypovitaminosis A, causing damage to growing and developmente. The food fortification is seen as promising strategy to the combat of nutritional deficiency. Objective: Developing and testing the efficiency of a corn snack and bovine lung. rich in iron and vitamin, in the reduction of de anaemia and hypovitaminosis A, in children with HIV/Aids. Metodology: At first, a transversal study was carried out to characterize the nutritional state and hematology alterations - anaemia and dyslipidemia, in 63 children, with age between 5-10 years old, with HIV/Aids from the Unit of Infectology from Children Institute. At the same time, the snack rich and vitamin A, was developed through the thermoplastic extrusion, using as raw material: corn grits ingeminated and bovine lung lyophilized no fat (m/m, 90:10), as source of heme iron, in highly bioavailability. In the fragrance, bacon, onion and parsley and strawberry flavors, it was used fat substitute and retinol acetate to fortification. The acceptance of the snack, through sensorial evaluation with hedonic facial scale, had been done by 53 healthy children and infected by HIV/Aids, with ages between 2-10 years old, in the Civil Anima Association, SP. Finally, the nutritional intervention was done during 2 months; it was offered 3 portions of 30g/week of strenghtened snack to 18 children with HIV/Aids, with ages between 5-10 years old. To nutritional evaluation, it was followed: food consumption through the 24-hour diary, weight, height, hemoglobin, total iron, ferreting e serum retinol, at the beginning and in the ending of the intervention. Results: The slight, moderate or severe malnutrition was found in 46% of the cases; being the most frequency when considered, the z-score of height-for-age 39,7% of malnutrited, reflecting commitment of long duration (stunting) in the growing of these children. The prevalence of anaemia was 19%, end more of 66% between the AZT treated; there was association between anaemia the AZT use (zidovudina) in the anti retroviral therapy (ARVT) (p=0,022). The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia e hypertrigliceridemia, considering low values and increased, were respctively 53,5 and 51,7%; with tendency to major frequencies in the groups with protease inhibitors (PI) in ARVT. The strengthened snack developed, per each 100g, guaranteed 5,07 mg of iron and 780 µg RE of A vitamin, representing respectively 56% and even 78% of DRIS to children with age between 7-10 years old. The result of sensorial evaluation, showed around 80% of acceptance to all tested flavors. The nutritional intervention, resulted in growth of the hemoglobin average of 12,45 +/- 1,34 g/dL to 12,56 +/- 1,33 g/dL, without statistics significance; and increasing of serum retinol of 0,447 +/- 0,124 to 0,928 +/- 0,415 (p«0,01). Conclusion: Besides the studies of prevalence of nutritional deficiency in vulnerable groups, such as children with HIV/Aids, the nutritional intervention are relevant, because contribute as co-positive factors in the didease treatments, through the improvement of the nutrition state of the individual.
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37

Keeler, Allison M. "Gene Therapy for Very Long Chain Acyl-coA Dehydrogenase Deficiency Using Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2012. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/632.

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Very long chain acyl-coA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) is the rate-limiting step in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. VLCAD deficient mice and patients’ clinical symptoms stem from not only an energy deficiency but also long-chain metabolite accumulations. VLCAD deficient mice were treated systemically with 1x10 12 vector genomes of rAAV9-VLCAD. Expression was detected in the liver, heart and muscle. Also substantial expression of VLCAD was noted in the brain, where it was expressed across different sections of the brain and in different cell types with different morphologies. Biochemical correction was observed in vector-treated mice beginning two weeks post-injection, as characterized by a significant drop in long chain fatty acyl accumulates in whole blood after an overnight fast. Changes persisted through the termination point around 20 weeks post injection. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) revealed normalization of intramuscular lipids in treated animals. Correction was not observed in liver tissue extracts, but cardiac muscle extracts showed significant reduction of long chain metabolites. Disease-specific phenotypes were characterized, including thermoregulation and maintenance of euglycemia after a fasting cold challenge. Internal body temperatures of untreated VLCAD-/- mice dropped below 20°C and the mice became lethargic, requiring euthanasia. In contrast all rAAV9-treated VLCAD-/- mice and the wild-type controls maintained body temperatures. rAAV9-treated VLCAD-/- mice maintained euglycemia, whereas untreated VLCAD-/- mice suffered hypoglycemia following a fasting cold challenge. These promising results suggest rAAV9 gene therapy as a potential treatment for VLCAD deficiency in humans.
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38

Mwanri, Lillian. "Impact of vitamin A and iron on anaemia and cognitive functioning of anaemic school children in Tanzania." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm994.pdf.

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39

LOUVANDINI, HELDER. "Perda endogena de fosforo em ovinos suplementados com diferentes niveis do elemento na dieta." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1995. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10416.

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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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40

Chaves, Carolina Mata Machado Barbosa. "Diagnose nutricional de enxofre em eucalipto por an?lise n?o destrutiva." UFVJM, 2017. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1602.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)
O enxofre (S) ? um nutriente essencial para crescimento e metabolismo das plantas, e sua defici?ncia pode limitar a produtividade de muitas culturas. A adapta??o de t?cnicas espec?ficas de an?lise espectral para a determina??o do estresse nutricional causado por este nutriente pode permitir a detec??o precoce da sua defici?ncia e suplementa??o de precis?o na aduba??o corretiva das plantas. Esse experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de determinar se a reflect?ncia foliar obtida atrav?s do mini espectr?metro pode ser utilizada para detectar a defici?ncia de S em mudas de Eucalyptus urophylla. Durante 90 dias as mudas foram cultivadas em solu??o nutritiva de Clark modificada completa (sem omiss?o de S) e com omiss?o de S. Os sintomas visuais de defici?ncia de S foram observados e fotografados semanalmente. A cada 15 dias foram avaliados altura e di?metro das plantas e leituras nas folhas diagn?sticos, com o mini espectr?metro. Ao final de cada avalia??o, amostras de folhas diagn?sticos foram preparadas e submetidas ?s an?lises qu?micas do material vegetal dos teores de nutrientes, posteriormente as mudas foram separadas em ra?zes, caule e folhas para obten??o da massa seca total e dos seus componentes. Ap?s calcular a primeira derivada das reflect?ncias obtidas nas leituras com o mini espectr?metro, obteve-se a posi??o dos pontos de inflex?o. Foi realizado ainda um estudo de regress?o linear m?ltipla entre os teores de nutrientes das folhas diagn?sticos como vari?veis dependentes, e a produ??o de massa seca da parte a?rea e valores obtidos para o IPP como vari?veis independentes. A defici?ncia de S causou altera??es nas propriedades morfol?gicas e fisiol?gicas das plantas de Eucalyptus, o que refletiu nas mudan?as das propriedades espectrais foliares da esp?cie em quest?o. Os sintomas visuais de defici?ncia de S iniciaram-se aos 28 dias ap?s a aplica??o dos tratamentos (DAT), intensificando-se ao longo do experimento. Foi observado clorose nas folhas novas, caule mais delgado e redu??o no crescimento das mudas quando comparados ao tratamento completo. A an?lise nutricional detectou redu??o nas concentra??es de S foliar e defici?ncia do nutriente nas plantas aos 45 DAT. Contudo, somente aos 75 dias a defici?ncia de S alterou a reflect?ncia das mudas com omiss?o de S, deslocando o ponto de inflex?o para comprimentos de ondas mais curtos (? 700 ?m), ou seja, quando o aparelho (mini espectr?metro) conseguiu detectar defici?ncia nutricional de S nas plantas de Eucalyptus. A defici?ncia de S tamb?m reduziu a altura, di?metro e produ??o de massa seca total e dos seus componentes aos 75 DAT. A posi??o do ponto de inflex?o e a massa seca da parte a?rea apresentaram alta correla??o com a concentra??o de S foliar. As an?lises de regress?o linear m?ltipla e de correla??o simples indicaram que os valores de reflect?ncia foliar estimados pelo mini espectr?metro e pela massa seca da parte a?rea estavam estreitamente correlacionados com as concentra??es de S nas folhas das mudas de Eucalyptus (r2=0,99). Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a reflect?ncia espectral demonstra alto potencial como ferramenta diagn?stico para estimar a concentra??o de S foliar em Eucalyptus por meio do mini espectr?metro.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017.
Sulfur (S) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and metabolism, its deficiency can limit the productivity of many crops. The adaptation of specific remote sensing and spectral analysis techniques for the determination of nutrient stress in plants could allow early detection and precise supplementation for corrective fertilization. This experiment was conducted with the objective of determining if the leaf reflectance obtained through the mini spectrometer can be used to detect S deficiency in Eucalyptus urophylla seedlings. During 90 days the seedlings were grown in complete nutrient solution of Clark (without omission of S) and with omission of S. The visual symptoms of S deficiency were observed and photographed weekly. Every 15 days, plants height and diameter were evaluated, and readings on the diagnostic leaf were taken with the mini spectrometer. At the end of each evaluation the samples of the diagnostic leaves were prepared and submitted to the chemical analyzes of nutrient contents of the plant material, later the seedlings were separated into roots, stem and leaves to obtain the mass of total dry matter and its components. After calculating the first derivative of the reflectances obtained in the readings with the mini-spectrometer, the position of the inflection points was obtained. A multiple linear regression study was carried out between the nutrient contents of the diagnostic leaves as dependent variables and the shoot dry matter yield and values obtained for the position of the inflection points as independent variables. Sulfur deficiency caused changes in the morphological and physiological properties of Eucalyptus plants, which reflected changes in the leaf spectral properties of the species. The visual symptoms of S deficiency began at 28 days after application of the treatments, intensifying throughout the experiment. It was observed chlorosis in the new leaves, slender stem and reduction in the growth of the seedlings when compared to the complete treatment. Nutritional analysis detected a reduction in the foliar S concentrations and nutrient deficiency in plants at 45 days after application of the treatments. However, only at 75 days S deficiency altered the reflectance of the seedlings under S omission, shifting the inflection point to shorter wavelengths (? 700 ?m),that is, when the device (mini spectrometer) was able to detect nutritional deficiency of S in Eucalyptus plants. Sulfur deficiency also reduced the height, diameter and yield of total dry mass and its components at 75 days after application of the treatments. The position of the inflection point and the shoot dry mass presented a high correlation with the concentration of leaf sulfur. Multiple linear regression and simple correlation analyzes indicated that leaf reflectance values estimated by the mini spectrometer and through MSPA were closely correlated with the concentrations of S in the leaves of the Eucalyptus seedlings (r2 = 0.99).The results obtained suggest that the spectral reflectance demonstrates high potential as a diagnostic tool to estimate the leaf sulfur concentration in Eucalyptus using the mini-spectrometer.
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41

Bueno, Aline Lopes. "Avaliação do consumo dietético de cálcio e vitamina D e sua relação com parâmetros bioquímicos em pacientes com baixa estatura." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/11084.

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Todo indivíduo nasce com um potencial genético de crescimento, que poderá ou não ser atingido, dependendo das condições de vida a que esteja submetido. Pode-se dizer que o crescimento sofre influência de fatores intrínsecos (genéticos e metabólicos) e extrínsecos (fatores ambientais como a alimentação, a saúde, a higiene, a habitação e o acesso aos serviços de saúde). Entre fatores nutricionais destacam-se as deficiências de vitaminas e oligoelementos que podem associar-se à desnutrição ou depender da absorção insuficiente dos mesmos. Sendo o cálcio um dos principais componentes do tecido mineral ósseo, podemos sugerir que este seja o principal nutriente para a adequada formação óssea e, considerando que a vitamina D desempenha papel importante no metabolismo do cálcio, uma dieta insuficiente nestes nutrientes pode influenciar a formação do esqueleto. Esta revisão da literatura visa enfatizar a importância nutricional do cálcio e vitamina D no processo de crescimento e desenvolvimento, auxiliando profissionais da área da saúde na atualização quanto às recomendações e fontes dietéticas de ambos nutrientes. Assim, em crianças e adolescentes, a baixa ingestão ou baixa absorção de cálcio e vitamina D pode limitar seu desenvolvimento estatural, sendo necessário fornecer quantidades suficientes de ambos na fase critica do crescimento.
Every individual is born with a genetic potential for growth, which may or not be attained, depending on their living conditions. It could be said that growth is influenced by intrinsic (genetic and metabolic) and extrinsic factors (environmental factors such as diet, health, hygiene, housing and access to health services). Outstanding among the nutritional factors are vitamin and oligoelement deficiencies which may be associated with malnutrition or depend on insufficient absorption. Since calcium is the one of main mineral bone tissue component, we suggest that this is the main nutrient for adequate bone formation and, considering that vitamin D plays an important role in calcium metabolism, a diet with an insufficient amount of these nutrients can influence the formation of the skeleton. This review of the literature aims to emphasize the nutritional importance of calcium and vitamin D in the growth and development process, helping health care professionals update the recommendations and dietary sources of both nutrients. Thus, in children and adolescents, the low intake or low absorption of calcium and vitamin D may limit their stature development, and it will be necessary to supply sufficient amounts of both during the critical growth phase.
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42

Paula, Teluira de Andrade e. "Doses, fontes e formas de aplicação de boro em floresta de eucalipto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-25022010-164129/.

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Com o objetivo de determinar a dose, a fonte mais adequada e a forma de aplicação de boro em florestas de eucalipto com maior e menor crescimento inicial, foi instalado o experimento na área da Siderúrgica Alterosa, em maio de 2006, no município de Morada Nova de Minas, Estado de Minas Gerais. Foram testados dez tratamentos em dois materiais genéticos e dois níveis de adubação, totalizando 40 tratamentos. Em função dos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se (a) em relação à dose: que os sintomas de deficiência de boro são minimizados com doses superiores a 8 kg.ha-1, entretanto, em relação ao incremento volumétrico, somente foi obtida resposta até a dose de 7 kg.ha-1; (b) em relação à fonte: dentro da dose testada, o ácido bórico mostrou boa eficiência independente do clone ou nível de adubação; e (c) em relação à aplicação: a forma combinada via solo e pulverização foliar foi a única capaz de prevenir o secamento do ponteiro das árvores durante o período de deficiência hídrica, sendo que a aplicação em filete sem pulverização apresentou resultados inferiores à aplicação a lanço.
With the purpose of determining the dose, the more reccomended source and the application form of boron in eucalyptus forests with higher and lower initial growth, a field experiment was carried out at \'Siderúrgica Alterosa\', starting in May 2006, in \'Morada Nova de Minas\', State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Ten treatments were tested in two genetic materials and two levels of fertilization, totalizing 40 treatments. According to the results, we concluded that (a) in relation to dose; the boron deficiency symptoms are minimized with doses superior to 8 kg.ha-1, however, in relation to volumetric increment, there was response only untill the dose of 7 kg.ha-1; (b) in relation to source; for each dose, the boric acid showed good performance regardless of clone or level of fertilization; and (c) in relation to application; the combined form by soil and foliar spraying was the only way to prevent the drying of the pointer of the trees during the water deficit, and the located application without spraying presented worst result when compared to application in total area.
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43

Fujimori, Elizabeth. "Gravidez na adolescência: estado nutricional referente ao ferro." Universidade de São Paulo, 1994. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6133/tde-29012018-152159/.

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Do ponto de vista nutricional, quando a maternidade ocorre na adolescência, soma-se à já elevada demanda de ferro decorrente do crescimento de um organismo jovem, aquela relacionada ao processo gestacional, fatores que combinados aumentam de forma substancial o risco da instalação de um quadro de deficiência de ferro e anemia. Considerando os escassos trabalhos realizados nessa área e as conseqüências danosas do desenvolvimento de um quadro de anemia durante a gestação, planejou-se este estudo com o objetivo de caracterizar o estado nutricional referente ao ferro, no decorrer do processo gestacional de adolescentes, analisando a interferência da idade (16anos) no estado nutricional relativo ao ferro. Estudou-se uma amostra de 155 adolescentes que se encontravam em diferentes semanas gestacionais, atendidas no serviço de assistência pré-natal do Amparo Maternal Sociedade Civil Beneficiente. A população foi caracterizada em relação à situação sócio-econômica, à vida sexual e reprodutiva e ao estado nutricional. Determinou-se a concentração de ferritina sérica (FS), saturação de transferrina (ST), zinco protoporfirina (ZPP) e hemoglobina (Hb) para avaliar a ocorrência de ferro-depleção, ferro-deficiência e anemia. Verificou-se que as gestantes pertenciam, em sua maioria, a famílias de baixa renda, eram solteiras, não tinham o primeiro grau completo e já não freqüentavam mais a escola. Tinham iniciado a vida sexual, em média aos 15 anos, a maioria era primigesta, não utilizava método anticoncepcional e havia procurado assistência pré-natal no segundo ou terceiro trimestre. Apenas um terço das adolescentes com mais de 20 semanas de gestação referiram ingestão de sulfato ferroso. O peso pré-gestacional referido revelou que cerca de 15 por cento delas havia iniciado a gravidez desnutridas e a mesma proporção foi verificada no momento da entrevista. O consumo médio de ferro foi de 18,4mg (61 por cento de adequação), sendo que mais da metade das adolescentes sequer havia consumido 60 por cento da recomendação, mas apresentava consumo sistemático de feijão e carne. Verificou-se diminuição importante nas reservas de ferro, a partir da 21 a semana de gestação, identificada pela concentração de FS, semana a partir da qual cerca de 60 por cento das gestantes apresentaram-se ferro-depletadas (FSFrom a nutritional perspective, teenage pregnancy represents an increase to the already great need of iron due to the growing process of an young body. These two factors substantially increase the risks of iron defficiency and anemia. The lack of studies in this field and the important consequences of the anemia during the pregnancy motivated the present study. Its objective is to verify the nutritional status, conceming the iron, during the pregnancy o f teenagers, correlating age (16 years old) and nutritional status. A sample of 155 teenagers of different gestational ages attending to a health care center was studied. Their social status, their sexual behaviour, their reproductive story and their nutritional status were characterized. Their serical ferritine (SF), tranferrine saturation (TS), zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) and hemoglobin (Hb) were analysed to verify the presence of iron depletion, defficiency or anemia. The results showed the majority of these teenagers were single, belonged to low-income families, had less than eight years o f school and no longer attended the school. They had their first sexual intercourse near the age of 15, without using contraceptive method. That was their first pregnancy and they look for prenatal care when they were in the second or third trimester of pregnancy. Only 1/3 of those who had more of 20 weeks of pregnancy took ferrous sulfate. About 15 per cent of then began the pregnancy undemourished and the same amount of undemutrition was found at the moment of the interview. Their medium consumption ofiron was 18,4mg (61 per cent ofthe recommended). More than 50 per cent ofthem had a consumption of less than 60 per cent the recommended, although they declared to eat meat and beans regularly. The SF behaviour resulted in an intense mobilization of the iron resources during the second half of pregnancy, period wich approximately 60 per cent of the pregnants presented absense of iron stores. Iron deficiency determined by indicators (TS and ZPP) affecting 50 per cent of the pregnant teenagers and this situation got worse during the pregnancy, affecting 2/3 of them in the last month (36 weeks). Anemia was detected by the Hb concentration in 14,2 per cent of the teenagers. It was found a variation of this value between O - 22,2 per cent in the first twelve weeks until 33 to 36 weeks of the pregnance, respectivelly. Although there wasn\'t a significative difference between the two groups studied, data revealed that those teenagers <16 years old showed a distinct pattern of iron need during the pregnancy, with a greater need of iron during the transition from the first to the second trimester. On the other hand, those over 16 exhibit this greater need in the second to third trimester. This data suggest that in the young adolescents the mineral was used to face the needs of a still immature body. The results point out the important of a good prenatal care, able to offer iron supplementation and, moreover, to develop an educational program to promote the subjects\' understanding about the need of supplementation and the risks of iron deficiency. More than this, this study emphasizes the importance o f the global assistance of the adolescent\'s health, once pre-conceptional nutritional status showed to be of great importance in the prevalence of the iron deficiency and anemia.
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O'Sullivan-Murphy, Bryan M. "Contribution of WFS1 to Pancreatic Beta Cell Survival and Adaptive Alterations in WFS1 Deficiency: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2012. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/590.

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Diabetes mellitus comprises a cohort of genetic and metabolic diseases which are characterized by the hallmark symptom of hyperglycemia. Diabetic subtypes are based on their pathogenetic origins: the most prevalent subtypes are the autoimmune-mediated type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and the metabolic disease of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Genetic factors are major contributory aspects to diabetes development, particularly in T2DM where there is close to 80% concordance rates between monozygotic twins. However, the functional state of the pancreatic β cell is of paramount importance to the development of diabetes. Perturbations that lead to β cell dysfunction impair insulin production and secretion and precede diabetes onset. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a subcellular organelle network of tubes and cisternae with multifaceted roles in cellular metabolism. Alterations to ER function such as those begotten by the accumulation of misfolded and unfolded ER client proteins upset the ER homeostatic balance, leading to a condition termed ER stress. Subsequent sensing of ER stress by three ER transmembrane proteins, initiates an adaptive reaction to alleviate ER stress: this is known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). Divergent cascades of the UPR attempt to mitigate ER stress and restore ER homeostasis: Failing that, the UPR initiates pro-apoptotic pathways. The demand of insulin production on the β cell necessitates the presence of a highly functional ER. However, the consequence of dependence on the ER for insulin synthesis and secretion portends disaster for the functional state of the β cell. Disturbances to the ER that elicit ER stress and UPR activation causes β cell dysfunction and may lead to apoptosis. There are numerous well-characterized models of ER stress-mediated diabetes, including genetic mutations in UPR transducers and insulin. Recently, polymorphisms in Wolfram syndrome 1 (WFS1), an ER transmembrane protein involved in the UPR, were suggested to contribute to T2DM risk. In this thesis, one of the highlighted WFS1 polymorphism, H611R, was examined to identify its contribution to β cell function and viability, and hence, diabetes risk. It was revealed that augmentation of WFS1 expression increased insulin secretion and cellular content. In addition, WFS1 protected β cells against ER stress-mediated dysfunction, with a more pronounced effect in the WFS1-R611 protective allele. Subsequent gene expression analysis identified netrin-1 as a WFS1-induced survival factor. As a contributory factor to diabetes progression, ER stress and UPR are potential drug and biomarker targets. In this dissertation, a novel UPR-regulating microRNA (miRNA) family was uncovered in ER stressed, WFS1-deficient islets. These miRNAs, the miR-29 family, are induced in WFS1 -/- islets as a possible adaptive alteration to chronic ER stress conditions, and indirectly decreases the expression of UPR transducers, while directly targeting downstream ER stress-related pro-apoptotic factors. Collectively, this work extends the function of WFS1 as a protective factor in the pancreatic β cell through the induction of netrin-1 signaling. Additionally, it further strengthens the role of miRNA as regulatory members of the UPR which contribute to cell survival.
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45

Leturiondo, Andre Luiz. "Anemia ferropênica e avaliação nutricional em pacientes com hanseníase (casos novos) atendidos em um centro de referencia na cidade de Manaus-AM." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2004. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/4606.

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Iron deficiency is considered the main cause of the nutritionais anemias, which affects approximately 0,5 billion people around the world, mainly in developing countries. The lack of studies on iron deficiency anemia and nutritional status in leprosy and the importance of this information before the treatment with drugs with hemolytic potential, was the reason for this study. After the approval of the Committee of Ethics in Research, eighty two patients paucibacillary and multibacillary leprosy clinical vials, new cases and without treatment were studied. To verify the status of iron in their bodies, biochemical, dietary and evaluation of the status nutritional parameters were used. Nine patients (11%) presented hemoglobin concentration below normal level and four of them (4,9%) iron deficiency anemia accordcing to the sex and the age. The nutritional evaluation for BMI revealed that 46,3% were classified as eutrophic, of 53,7% with dystrolphic BMI 48,8% presented overweight and obesity. The dietary evaluation demonstrated that the appropriate energy consumption reached 15,9 %, the diet being normoprotein, normoglycidic and normolipidic kind. Women presented smaller indexes of iron ingestion, mainly those whose age ranged from 18 to 50 years. The results showed a little occurrence of iron deficiency anemia, probably due to the consumption of foods with iron bioavailability.
A deficiência de ferro é considerada como a principal responsável pelas anemias nutricionais, afetando aproximadamente 0,5 bilhão de pessoas no mundo, principalmente em países em desenvolvimento. A escassez de estudos sobre anemia ferropênica e estado nutricional em hansenianos e a importância dessas informações antes do tratamento com drogas com potencial hemolítico, levaram a realização deste estudo. Após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, estudaram-se oitenta e dois pacientes com hanseníase das formas clínicas paucibacilar e multibacilar, casos novos e sem tratamento. Para verificar o status de ferro no organismo utilizaram-se parâmetros bioquímicos, dietéticos e avaliação do estado nutricional. Nove pacientes (11%) apresentaram concentração de hemoglobina abaixo de ponto de corte e quatro deles (4,9%) anemia ferropênica segundo sexo e idade. A avaliação nutricional pelo IMC revelou que 46,3% foram classificados como eutróficos. Dos 53,7% com IMC distrófico, 48,8% apresentaram sobrepeso e obesidade. A avaliação dietética demonstrou que o consumo adequado de energia atingiu 15,9 %, sendo a dieta da maioria normoproteica, normoglicídica e normolipídica. As mulheres apresentaram menor índice de ingestão de ferro, principalmente no estágio de vida de 18 a 50 anos. Os resultados demonstram pouca ocorrência de anemia ferropênica, provavelmente decorrente do consumo de alimentos fontes de ferro biodisponível.
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46

Souza, Aline Soares de. "Estudo estrutural e quantitativo do nervo óptico de ratos Wistar com anemia ferropriva submetidos à estimulação tátil e recuperados nutricionalmente." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59134/tde-25122015-230342/.

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A ingestão de dieta deficiente em ferro pode causar alterações estruturais no Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC) bem como no nervo óptico por prejuízo no processo de mielinização. Essas alterações geradas pela anemia ferropriva pós-natal não são satisfatoriamente revertidas após a reposição de ferro. A estimulação tátil e o enriquecimento ambiental podem reduzir e/ou evitar os efeitos prejudiciais desta desnutrição sobre o SNC. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar estrutural e quantitativamente, o nervo óptico de ratos Wistar com anemia ferropriva submetidos à estimulação tátil e recuperação nutricional. Foram utilizados 4 grupos: Controle (C), Anêmico (A), Recuperado Não Estimulado (RN) e Recuperado Estimulado (E), compostos aleatoriamente por 1 rata mãe e 6 filhotes machos. Os grupos foram divididos de acordo com a variável dieta oferecida, pela quantidade de ferro/kg de dieta (com nível adequado em ferro (C), deficiente em ferro (A) e com recuperação do nível adequado de ferro (R)). O grupo C foi alimentado com dieta contendo 35 mg de ferro/kg de dieta, e o grupo A, com 4 mg de ferro/kg de dieta, e os grupos Recuperados (RN e RE), com 4 mg de ferro/kg de dieta do dia 0 ao 21º dia e, 35 mg de ferro/kg de dieta a partir do 22º dia. Os grupos Recuperados foram classificados de acordo com a variável estimulação: Estimulado (E), grupo submetido à estimulação tátil do dia 0 ao 32º dia, e Não Estimulado (N). Durante o período de amamentação, as ratas mães se alimentaram da dieta determinada para cada grupo, e no período pós lactação os filhotes receberam as mesmas dietas de suas respectivas mães. No 21º dia as ratas mães foram eutanasiadas e no 32º dia, todos os filhotes foram anestesiados e perfundidos via transcardíaca com uma solução de salina tamponada (PBS) 0,05M, pH 7,3, tendo seus nervos ópticos dissecados e os fragmentos selecionados refixados em tetróxido de ósmio a 1% em tampão fosfato 0,1 M, pH 7,3 e então processados para inclusão em araldite. Da área total da secção transversal do nervo óptico foram selecionadas 2 áreas que corresponderam aproximadamente 30% do nervo para a realização de análises morfológica e morfométrica. Na análise morfológica os animais do grupo RE mostraram um aspecto muito semelhante às características dos animais do grupo C, e com melhor aspecto em relação aos grupos A e RN, apresentando grande quantidade de fibras nervosas mielínicas, uniformemente distribuídas, bem agrupadas e compactadas, com espaço intersticial reduzido. Na análise morfométrica, em relação ao número de vasos sanguíneos, os fatores dieta, recuperação e estimulação não apresentaram interferência. Em relação ao número de astrócitos, a estimulação não interferiu, e em relação a dieta, o grupo A apresentou maior número que os grupos C e RN. Na avaliação do número de oligodendrócitos, em relação ao fator dieta, o grupo RN apresentou maior número que os grupos C e A, os quais não apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante entre si. Já para o fator estimulação, o grupo RE apresentou menor número de oligodendrócitos quando comparado ao RN. Podemos concluir que: 1 - a dieta utilizada foi eficaz no desenvolvimento de anemia ferropriva leve nas ratas mães e severa nos filhotes; 2 - a associação das técnicas de estimulação tátil e recuperação nutricional resultou em uma reorganização estrutural do nervo óptico, semelhante ao grupo C e 3 - tal associação não interferiu no número de vasos sanguíneos, entretanto, resultou em uma normalização do número de astrócitos e de oligodendrócitos
Inadequate intake of dietary iron can cause structural changes in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and, thus, in the optic nerve with impaired myelination process. These changes generated by postnatal iron deficiency anemia are not satisfactorily reversed after replacement iron. The tactile stimulation and environmental enrichment can reduce and/or prevent the damaging effects of malnutrition on the CNS. The objective of this study was to evaluate structural and quantitatively the optic nerve of Wistar rats with iron deficiency anaemia submitted to tactile stimulation and nutritional recovery. We used 4 groups: Control (C), Anemic (A), Recovered Not Stimulated (RN) and Recovered Stimulated (R), randomly composed of 1 adult female rat and 6 male newborns. These groups were divided according to the variable diet provided, the amount of iron/kg in the diet (with appropriate levels of iron (C), deficient in iron (A) and with recovery of the appropriate level of iron (R)). The Control (C) group was fed with ration containing 35 mg iron/kg diet and the Anemic (A) group, with 4 mg iron/kg diet, and the Recovered groups (RN and RE) with 4 mg iron/kg diet from day 0 to day 21, and 35 mg iron/kg from day 22. The Recovered groups were classified according variable stimulation: Stimulated (E), group submitted to tactile stimulation from day 0 to day 32, and Not Stimulated (N). During the breastfeeding period, the mother rats fed the diet given to each group, and after lactation period the puppies received the same diets of their mothers. At day 21, the female rats were euthanized and at day 32 all juveniles were anesthetized and perfused transcardially with a buffered saline solution (PBS) 0,05M, pH 7,3, having their optic nerves dissected, and selected fragments were fixed in osmium tetroxide 1% and phosphate buffer 0,1 M, pH 7,3, and then processed for embedding in Araldite. Were selected 2 areas of the total area of optic nerve cross-section which approximately corresponded to 30% of the nerve to perform morphological and morphometric analysis. In the morphological analysis the optic nerve of the animals in RE group showed a very similar structural aspect to the characteristics of the optic nerves in group C, and looking better than in groups A and RN, with lot of myelinated nerve fibers well grouped and compacted and this organization was present uniformly across the nerve, resulting in reduced interstitial space. In the morphometric analysis, the number of blood vessels, dietary factors, recovery and stimulation showed no interference, since all groups showed no statistically significant difference. Regarding to the number of astrocytes, the stimulation did not influence it and, regarding to diet, the group A presented a higher number of cells than groups C and RN. In assessing the number of oligodendrocytes, in relation to diet factor, RN group had a greater number of oligodendrocytes that C and A groups, which showed no significant statistically difference between them. As for the stimulation factor, the RE group had fewer oligodendrocytes than the RN. With the results can be concluded that: 1- the used diet was effective in the development of mild iron deficiency anaemia in mothers and severe in young rats; 2- the association of tactile stimulation and nutritional recovery techniques resulted in a structural reorganization of the optic nerve, similar to C group and 3- this association did not affect the number of blood vessels, however it resulted in a normalization of the number of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes
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47

Ferreira, Daniela Vicinansa Monaco. "Estado nutricional e preval?ncia de defici?ncias nutricionais de pacientes submetidos ao bypass g?strico em Y-de-Roux, com 10 anos de seguimento." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2016. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/908.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Morbid obesity, a chronic and multifactorial disease, causes metabolic disorders and increases the risk of morbidity. Its prevalence has been increasing, with alarming data in Brazil and elsewhere. Globally, Brazil ranks second in number of bariatric surgeries, but surgical treatment is a challenge for the patients and the teams that provide care for these patients. Given the above, the present study aimed to assess changes in nutritional status and identify nutritional deficiencies before and 10 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. This retrospective study lasted two years and included 166 patients submitted to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass at a private clinic. The statistical analyses included the chi-square, Fisher?s, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and generalized estimating equations. The significance level was set at 5%. At the ten-year follow-up, the percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL), body mass index (BMI), and weight regain were 51.64?18.03 (p<0.0001), 32.53?4.83 kg/m2 (p<0.0001), and 41% (p<0.0001), respectively, and the lipid and blood glucose profiles had improved (p<0.0001). Iron-deficiency anemia was found in 37.5% and 45.0% of the patients who attended the 10-year follow-up based on ferritin levels <15 ug/L and <30 ug/L, respectively. The effect of time was significant for hemoglobin, ferritin, iron overload (p<0.0001), and hematocrit (p=0.0007). Vitamin D deficiency was found in 29 patients (82.86%), and high parathormone (PTH), in 13 (41.94%). The effect of time was significant for PTH (p=0.0059). In conclusion, gastric bypass was a surgical success and improved the metabolic profile. Weight regain increased over time. The nutritional outcomes were iron-deficiency anemia and vitamin D deficiency associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism. These findings reaffirm the importance of multidisciplinary care and monitoring of nutritional deficiencies for the treatment of morbid obesity.
A obesidade m?rbida considerada uma doen?a cr?nica e multifatorial, que ocasiona desordens metab?licas e aumenta o risco de morbidade, vem crescendo, com dados alarmantes no Brasil e no Mundo. O Brasil ? o segundo Pa?s que mais realiza cirurgia bari?trica, sendo o tratamento cir?rgico, um desafio para os pacientes e para as equipes envolvidas no cuidado destes pacientes. Diante do exposto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a evolu??o do estado nutricional e identificar as defici?ncias nutricionais no pr? e no p?s-operat?rio de pacientes submetidos ao bypass g?strico em Y-de-Roux, com 10 anos de seguimento. O estudo realizado em dois anos, com delineamento retrospectivo longitudinal, envolveu 166 pacientes submetidos ao bypass g?strico em Y-de-Roux, em uma cl?nica privada. Na an?lise estat?stica, utilizou-se os testes Qui-Quadrado, Fisher, Mann-Whitney, Anova, Wilcoxon e Equa??es de Estimativas Generalizadas. O n?vel de signific?ncia adotado foi de 5%. Os resultados deste estudo, ap?s 10 anos de seguimento, demostraram percentual de perda do excesso de peso (%PEP) de 51,64?18,03 (p<0,0001); Indice de Massa Corporal (IMC) de 32,53?4,83 kg/m2 (p<0,0001); reganho de peso de 41% (p<0,0001). O perfil lip?dico e glic?mico diminuiu ao longo de 10 anos de seguimento (p<0,0001). Dos pacientes que permaneceram no estudo at? o final de 120 meses, 37,5% e 45,0%, apresentaram diagn?stico de anemia ferropriva, considerando-se os crit?rios utilizados de ferritina <15 ug/L e ferritina <30 ug/L, respectivamente. O efeito do tempo foi significativo para a hemoglobina, ferritina e sobrecarga de ferro, (p<0,0001) e hemat?crito (p=0,0007). Em rela??o ao metabolismo do c?lcio, 82,86% (29), apresentaram n?veis de defici?ncia de vitamina D e 41,94% (13) apresentaram PTH elevado. O efeito do tempo foi significativo para o PTH (p=0,0059). Em conclus?o, pacientes submetidos ao bypass g?strico, apresentaram sucesso cir?rgico e melhora do perfil metab?lico. O reganho de peso aumentou com o tempo de seguimento. A anemia ferropriva e a defici?ncia de vitamina D, associada ao hiperparatireoidismo secund?rio, foram desfechos nutricionais encontrados Tais achados reafirmam a import?ncia do cuidado multidisciplinar e ? aten??o ?s defici?ncias nutricionais para o tratamento da obesidade m?rbida.
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48

Marchand, Michael C. "Fetal programming of renal morphology and function." Thesis, University of Northampton, 2004. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/2681/.

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Previous epidemiological evidence from a number of studies supports the hypothesis that the risk of essential hypertension, coronary heart disease and non-insulin dependent diabetes is, in part, programmed by intrauterine nutritional status. An increasing number of human studies indicate that the developing kidney is particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of fetal growth retarding influences. In animals growth retarding diets or other insults, which have an impact on the development of cardiovascular functions, also appear to impact upon nephron number. In this study, the feeding of a 9% casein diet to pregnant rats, a mild protein restriction, reduced nephron number in the offspring, which progressively declined with age compared to those exposed to an 1 8% control diet. At weaning low-protein exposed offspring had hypertension and evedence of renal insufficiency. On natural death, the kidneys from aged male rats exposed to both low-protein and control maternal diets had a higher incidence glornerulosclerosis and renal disruption than females. Supplementing the maternal 9% casein diet with 3% glycine, 1.5% urea and 3% alanine in the rat normalised nephron number in the offspring. Only the addition of glycinc in the maternal low- protein diet prevented the appearance of high blood pressure in the offspring. In this study it has been demonstrated that in humans, those of a low birth weight or ponderal index, a marker of fetal undernutrition, had evidence of increased glomerular permeability, but not elevated blood pressure at age 10. This association was not evident at age 12 or in a separate cohort of young adults. It is possible that hypertension and a reduced nephron reserve are not causally associated. The evidence from this thesis suggest that prenatal undernutrition may programme renal structure in later life, but that renal programming is not one of the primary mechanisms leading to hypertension
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49

Gomes, Isabella Azevedo. "Deficiência de ferro como indicador de risco para cárie de estabelecimento precoce severa em crianças de 24 a 36 meses." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2009. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1124.

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The aim was evaluate the association between iron deficiency and severe early childhood caries in children between 24 and 36 months; rising hematological indicators that can be related to early establishment of the disease. At intraoral exam the caries index (def) praised by WHO, and the presence of active white spots (AWP) were evaluated. All the children were submitted to a bloody collection, being the samples frozen and sent to processing at Hemomar Analysis Laboratory (São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil), for the evaluation of hemoglobin, ferritin and serumal iron levels. The obtained information was consolidated in data bank of STATA 9.0 program. The Poisson regression model was applied to the association between dependent variables (def and AWP) and others, being the prevalence ratio and confidence interval (IC 95%). It was certified that the higher the number of caries cavities in children, the lower are the hemoglobin levels in serum. About caries activity (AWP), it was observed that the higher the number of initial lesions, the lower is the levels in serum of hemoglobin, ferritin and serumal iron. The data show that the levels in serum of the marked variables of iron deficiency anemia are lower when the number of caries lesions in children with severe early childhood caries is higher.
O objetivo foi avaliar a associação entre deficiência de ferro e cárie de estabelecimento precoce severa em crianças de 24 a 36 meses; levantando-se indicadores de riscos hematológicos que possam estar relacionados ao estabelecimento precoce da doença. No exame clínico intra-bucal foram avaliados os índices de cárie (ceo), preconizado pela OMS, e presença de manchas brancas ativas (MBA).Todas as crianças foram submetidas a uma coleta de sangue , sendo as amostras mantidas refrigeradas e enviadas para processamento no Laboratório de Análises do Hemomar (São Luís-MA), para avaliação dos níveis de hemoglobina, ferritina e ferro sérico.As informações obtidas foram consolidadas em bancos de dados do programa STATA 9.0.Foi aplicada uma regressão de Poisson para associação entre as variáveis dependentes (ceo e MBA) e demais variáveis, sendo a razão das prevalências (IR) e intervalo de confiança (IC 95%).Foi observado que quanto maior o número de cavidades de cárie nas crianças, menores foram os níveis séricos da hemoglobina. Em se tratando da atividade da doença cárie (MBA), foi encontrado que quanto maior o número de lesões iniciais, menores foram os níveis séricos de hemoglobina, ferritina e ferro sérico. Os dados mostram que os níveis séricos das variáveis marcadoras da anemia ferropriva são menores quanto maior o número de lesões cariosas em crianças com cárie precoce severa.
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50

Garcia, Mariana Tarricone. "Alimentação complementar e estado nutricional de crianças menores de dois anos em Acrelândia, Acre, Amazônia Ocidental Brasileira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-24082009-135240/.

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Abstract:
Objetivo: Investigar o estado nutricional, consumo alimentar e práticas de alimentação complementar em crianças de 6 a 24 meses residentes em Acrelândia, Estado do Acre, Amazônia Ocidental Brasileira. Métodos: Estudo transversal de base populacional realizado na área urbana do município de Acrelândia. Informações sobre condições sociodemográficas, morbidades e aleitamento materno foram obtidas por questionário estruturado. A partir de dados de histórico alimentar, consumo e práticas alimentares foram analisados. Peso e comprimento foram medidos para avaliação antropométrica segundo distribuição da curva padrão da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) 2007. Amostras de fezes foram obtidas para exame parasitológico. Avaliação das concentrações de hemoglobina, ferritina, receptor solúvel de transferrina, vitamina B12, retinol e ácido fólico séricos foi realizada em amostras de sangue venoso coletadas em jejum. Resultados: Do total de 166 crianças estudadas, as prevalências de déficit de estatura/idade e de anemia foram de 12% e 40%, respectivamente. Dentre as crianças anêmicas, 95% apresentaram anemia ferropriva. A prevalência geral de deficiência de ferro isolada foi 44%. A presença de parasitas intestinais foi identificada em 26% das amostras de fezes, sendo que 80% das infecções foram causadas por Giardia lamblia. Os níveis séricos das vitaminas A e B12 estavam abaixo da faixa de normalidade em 15% e 12% das crianças, respectivamente. O aleitamento materno foi iniciado por quase a totalidade das mães (99%); no entanto, a prática do aleitamento materno exclusivo até o sexto mês foi referida por 10% dos participantes. A oferta de leite de vaca foi alta desde os primeiros meses de vida, sendo que dos 6 aos 8 meses de idade 70% das crianças estudadas já ingeriam este alimento. A frequência de consumo de mingau aumentou com a idade: 37% das crianças entre 6 e 8 meses, 48% entre 9 e 11 meses e 64% entre 12 e 24 meses referiram seu consumo habitual. Consumo alimentar abaixo das recomendações da OMS (2004) foi observado para os seguintes nutrientes (% de crianças): ácido fólico (33%), vitamina C (40%), vitamina A (42%), zinco (46%) e ferro (71%). A biodisponibilidade de ferro da dieta ficou em torno de 8%, classificando 78% das crianças com dietas entre \"muito baixa\" e \"baixa\" biodisponibilidade. Os alimentos que mais contribuíram com a energia total ingerida foram os leites de vaca e leite materno, e com o aporte de ferro foram os espessantes utilizados para fazer mingau. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem intervenções para a promoção do aleitamento materno exclusivo até o sexto mês, com introdução de alimentos e práticas de alimentação complementar adequadas. É essencial melhorar a biodisponibilidade do ferro da dieta através do maior consumo de ferro total (carnes, feijão e caldos de carnes/feijão) e de vitamina C (incentivo ao consumo de frutas e hortaliças) desde o início da alimentação complementar, evitando-se consumo de alimentos ricos em compostos inibidores da absorção do ferro, tais como café, chá, espessantes e leite de vaca. Com o aumento da idade da criança, o consumo de mingau deve ser gradualmente substituído, incentivando-se consumo de alimentos disponíveis para a família.
Objective: To investigate the nutritional status, food consumption and complementary feeding practices in children aged between 6 and 24 months living in Acrelândia, Acre State, Westhern Brazilian Amazon. Methods: A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted within an urban area of Acrelândia. Information on sociodemographic conditions, morbidity and breast feeding were collected using structured questionnaires. Food consumption and practices were analyzed based on food history data. Anthropometric assessment entailed weight and height measurements according to the 2007 World Health Organization (WHO) standard distribution curve. Stool samples were obtained and subjected to parasitological examination. Assessment of hemoglobin, ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, Vitamin B12 and retinol serum levels was performed on fasting venous blood samples. Results: Of the total 166 children studied, the prevalence of stunted height/age and anemia was 12% and 40%, respectively. Out of the anemic children, 95% presented with iron-deficient anemia. The overall prevalence of iron deficiency was 44%. Intestinal parasites were detected in 26% of the stool samples, where 80% of these infections were caused by Giardia lamblia. Vitamin A and B12 serum levels were below normal thresh holds in 15% and 12% of children, respectively. Breast feeding was started by the vast majority of mothers (99%) although exclusive breast feeding up to the sixth month was reported by only 10% of participants. The intake of cows milk was high from the first months of life, where 70% of the children studied were consuming cows milk at 8 months of age. The frequency of porridge (cows milk and maize flour) consumption increased with age: 37% of the children aged between 6 and 8 months, 48% between 9 and 11 months and 64% between 12 and 24 months, reported regular porridge consumption. Food consumption at levels below WHO recommendations (2004) were observed for the following nutrients (% of children): folic acid (33%), Vitamin C (40%), Vitamin A (42%), zinc (46%) and iron (71%). The bioavailability of iron in the diet was approximately 8%, with 78% of the childrens diets being classified as having low or very low bioavailability. The foods which contributed most to total energy ingested were cow\'s milk and mother\'s breast milk, and in terms of iron, were the thickening agents used in porridge making. Conclusion: These results suggest that interventions should be introduced to promote exclusive breast feeding up to the sixth month, along with the introduction of healthy complementary foods and feeding practices. Improvements in bioavailability of iron in the diet are essential, through higher total iron consumption (meat, beans and meat/bean stock) and Vitamin C (encouragement to consume more fruit and vegetables) from the outset of introducing complementary food, while consumption of foods rich in iron inhibitors such as coffee, tea, thickeners and cows milk should be avoided. As child age increases, porridge consumption should be gradually substituted by encouraging the consumption of alternative foods available to the family.
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