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1
TAYLOR, BRITTNEY ROCHELLE. "REASONS FOR IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING AND DIETARY HABITS BETWEEN UNDERGRADUATE NUTRITIONAL SCIENCES COLLEGE STUDENTS AND NON-NUTRITIONAL SCIENCES COLLEGE STUDENTS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613633.
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Background: Research shows that cooking meals improves diet quality. However, there is limited evidence that undergraduate students in nutrition or dietetics programs cook more meals while they are learning about foods and its impacts on human health.
Methods: An 11-question survey was completed by 238 nutritional science majors (majors)
and 91 non-nutritional science majors (non-majors). They were asked about several things, most notably the frequency of cooking meals, eating fast-food, and fruit and vegetable consumption.
Results: Majors cooked meals more often than non-majors(p=0.059). When comparing the students in freshman and senior majors, senior majors cooked meals more often than freshman majors (p=0.023). The students who reported living in apartments, houses, or condos, or with parents, relatives, or spouses cooked more meals than students living in dorms (p=0.006). Majors consumed significantly less fast-foods than non-majors (p=0.022). Majors ate more fruits and vegetables than non-majors (p=0.005, p=0.025).
Conclusions: This study suggests that nutrition-related education may have a positive impact on decreasing the frequency of fast food consumption, increasing the consumption of fruits and vegetables, and increasing the number of meals that are cooked.
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Drescher, Amy Andersen. "Nutritional status change in patients receiving outpatient chemotherapy." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289797.
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Considerable changes in the practice of chemotherapy have occurred which include the shift of the majority of therapy to an outpatient setting and the availability of more effective antiemetic agents to treat nausea and vomiting. The outpatient delivery of chemotherapy is also characterized by limited nutrition intervention. Data are not available that define the impact of these changes in chemotherapy practice on the nutritional status of outpatients receiving chemotherapy. Consequently, this study was designed to address four primary aims. The first aim was to observe the change in degree of common side effects, or symptom distress, and in nutritional and functional status measures over 3 months in outpatient chemotherapy patients. The second aim was to test the utility of two versions of a nutrition risk scoring tool. Version A includes weight change and subjective appetite ratings. Version B incorporates change in fat-free mass (FFM) measures by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and energy and protein intakes. The third purpose was to examine the relationship of the nutritional and other factors studied with response to chemotherapy. Finally, comparisons were made among the body composition results from skinfold thickness measures and BIA using instrument manufacturer-supplied and population-specific equations. A key finding from this study was that Nutrition Risk Score A detected nutritional change over time and lower scores were correlated with positive chemotherapy response. Unanticipated findings from this study were the significant gender differences in nutritional and clinical factors and their relationships to chemotherapy response. Male subjects experienced weight loss and an overall decrease in nutritional status as demonstrated by an increase in Nutritional Risk Score A, while female subjects did not have weight loss and had a trend towards improved Nutritional Risk Score A. The Kushner et al (1992) BIA equation produced the closest estimates of body fat mass to those obtained using the Durnin and Womersley (1974) skinfold method. The population-based BIA equations were not interchangeable with each other or with the manufacturer's equation. Except for female breast cancer patients, the population-based BIA equations were interchangeable with each other for estimating FFM, but not with the manufacturer's equation.
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Clark, W. Andrew, and Norman Assad. "Nutritional Supplements and Infertility." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2527.
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Wyatt, Melissa Ann. "Sustainable Diets: Understanding Nutrition Educators' Perceptions." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/560838.
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Background As the world population grows to 9.1 billion people, there is a need to feed all of these people. Agriculture will need to produce more food to feed the world. Agriculture is pressured by climate change with droughts and changes in seasonal patterns and needs to adapt to these changes. For nutritionists, there is a need to address non-communicable chronic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. These diseases are highly problematic in the developed parts of the world. Additionally, addressing food security is also an issue as part of the world, a large portion of developing countries, experience hunger and diseases related to not having adequate nutritious foods. Sustainable diets are working to address the issues mentioned above. This idea of having a sustainable diet is not new and dates back to a 1986 commentary by Gussow and Clancy. However, it was later in 2010, that a definition was developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). This general definition has provided research with a focus on what a sustainable diet is and which food groups are parts of a sustainable diet. Purpose The purpose of this study was to learn about the current knowledge of sustainable diets through conducting a search of peer-reviewed literature about what sustainable diets are and what foods are included. Finally, this study assessed what nutrition educators know about and what their perceptions are of sustainable diets. Methods A literature search was conducted using several databases, including PubMed and EBSCO Host, yielding a few thousand results. After reviewing the literature, questions were developed for a focus group (n=8 participants), interviews (n=9 participants), and a short survey (n=54 participants). The project participants were from the University of Arizona’s Department of Nutritional Sciences, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Education Program (SNAP-Ed) and the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP). Participants were asked to participate in one of the session: focus group, interview, or short survey. Results Participants from the focus group and interviews indicated that there was potential for people to be healthy by participating in sustainable diet activities. There also was concern about cost of sustainable diets. Sustainable diets need to be culturally acceptable to get consumers to practice them. Finally, eating seasonally was important component of a sustainable diet. If nutrition educators were asked to teach sustainable diets to others many felt they need more information or resources on sustainable diets or need to research the topic. Participants in the short surveys indicated concerns about costs, nutritional adequacy and showed mixed results when asked about what foods would be part of a sustainable diet. Educators who took the survey also showed great interest in having more education to learn about sustainable diets. Conclusions Nutrition educators have concerns about sustainable diets, such as being nutritionally adequate and affordable to all people. Educators in the focus group and interviews showed that there is potential for people to be healthy by following sustainable dietary practices, like gardening. However, there seemed to be a need for more education on sustainable diets. Nutrition educators have limited knowledge of sustainable diets. Some have an idea of what sustainable diets are, while others have stated that they have not heard of sustainable diets. Nutrition educators surveyed show a great interest in attending a seminar, if offered, on this topic. In summary, sustainable diets are gaining attention of nutrition educators, especially if sustainability and food become part of the new dietary guidelines. A need for providing sustainable diet education to nutrition educators will be part of the future. Further research on knowledge of nutrition educators on different components of sustainable diets and development of an educational curriculum is necessary.
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Roberts, Karen C. "Predictors of nutritional risk in community-dwelling seniors." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99202.
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Proper nutrition can promote healthy aging by preventing disease and disability and thereby helping to maintain autonomy. Seniors are at risk of declining nutritional status as they age. We investigated medical, psychological, social and environmental characteristics as both predictors and correlates of elevated nutritional risk in community-dwelling seniors using data from a prospective study of 839 seniors aged 75 and over, in Montreal. At baseline, more than half (59%) of the participants were at elevated nutritional risk. Cross-sectional analyses supported the findings of previous research examining correlates of elevated nutritional risk. Longitudinal results showed that amongst those at low nutritional risk, only poor self-rated health was found to be a statistically significant predictor of elevated risk at 12-months (OR=3.30, p<0.05). The findings of this research highlight the need for longitudinal studies in order to better understand and target nutritional risk in community-dwelling seniors.
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Ptashinsky, Natalya. "Acute care nutritional intake for inpatients with diabetes mellitus." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527742.
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Physiologic insulin protocols are replacing conventional sliding-scale practices in hospitals because of their flexibility in adapting doses to the patient's nutritional intake and insulin sensitivity. Although many noncritical wards have updated their prandial therapy to insulin-to-carbohydrate ratios, most hospitals continue fixed preprandial dosing. If patients are receiving fixed dose insulin based on prescribed nutrition and they are not consuming what is provided, the obvious outcome is an increased risk for hypoglycemia. Despite this, there are no studies aimed at profiling nutritional intake for patients with diabetes in the noncritical setting. This study was conducted for that purpose. The results validated the positivistic knowledge that these patients do not generally eat all of their rations. Further, this study included an ancillary investigation for the quality of compliance to new diabetic protocols as recorded in paper-based patient records compared to computerized medical records.
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Paciarotti, Ilenia. "The nutritional risks of children with cancer." Thesis, Queen Margaret University, 2013. https://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/handle/20.500.12289/7369.
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Nutrition is a major concern in paediatric cancer, increasing the risk of co-morbidities, affecting tolerance of therapies and influencing survival. Despite this, very few studies have aimed to identify the nutritional risks of children treated for cancer in the western world. A unique retrospective study was therefore proposed to assess the degree of nutritional risk in paediatric cancer using the need for nutrition support (NS) as a proxy for high nutritional risk. Of 168 patients, seventy four (44%) required NS of whom 50 (67%) and 24 (33%) had solid and haematological malignancies. These findings underline the common need for NS in this childhood cancer cohort. A prospective study was consequently designed to assess the effect of cancer and its treatment on nutritional status, using commonly used assessment techniques. Measurements were taken regularly at six time points over a period of up to 18 months. 26 patients, 18 (69%) male and 8 (31%) female (median age 5.1; IQR 2.3, 7.9) volunteered for the study. At recruitment and during the first three months of treatment, those with solid tumour demonstrated nutritional deprivation, low BMI (median 25.5, IQR 5.5-60.5; median 18.0, IQR 7.5-54.2 respectively), low fat mass %(median 76.3, IQR 48.5-99.1; median 70.8, IQR 62.6-124.8 respectively), low energy intake (median kcal/d 1200, IQR 866-1970; median 1305 kcal/d, IQR 901-1488) and a high need for NS. In contrast, those with haematological cancer demonstrated an excess BMI (median 66.0, IQR 41.5-82.2; median 79.5; IQR 70- 94.2 respectively), high fat mass % (median 102.0, IQR 78.6- 153.0; median 129.4, IQR 96.5-202.6,respectively) and excessive energy intake (median kcal/d 2076; IQR 1453-2525, median kcal/d 1078, IQR 919-1206 respectively) These results suggest that children undergoing cancer therapy are at high risk of both undernutrition and obesity and they indicate apparent differences in nutritional risk according to diagnosis and treatment.
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Zoltick, Emilie Sela. "Nutritional and Lifestyle Factors for Cancer Incidence and Survival." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:32644537.
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Background: The association between meat consumption and breast cancer risk and the relationship between vitamin D and colorectal cancer risk have been examined in numerous studies, but questions still remain. For colorectal cancer survival, research into diet has been sparse.
Methods: Chapter one is a pooled analysis of 22 prospective cohort studies examining meat and egg consumption and breast cancer risk overall and by estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER/PR) status using Cox proportional hazards models to estimate study-specific relative risks which were then pooled using random effects models. Chapter two is a pooled analysis of 17 prospective cohort studies in which the relationship between prediagnostic circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and colorectal cancer risk was explored using conditional logistic regression to calculate study-specific relative risks which were then pooled using random effects models. In Chapter three, the association between pre- and post-diagnosis sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) and sugar intake and mortality among colorectal cancer patients was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models to estimate relative risks in two prospective cohort studies.
Results: There were no significant associations between red and processed meat, seafood, and egg consumption and breast cancer risk, regardless of hormone receptor status. For poultry intake, there was a marginally statistically significant increased risk of ER+ and ER+PR- breast cancers only. We found that 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk, with significant decreased risks for levels beyond current recommendations. These inverse associations were stronger in women than men. Pre-diagnosis total fructose, glucose, sucrose, and added sugar intakes were positively associated with mortality, but no association was observed for SSBs. In post-diagnosis analyses, there were marginally significant increases in all-cause mortality with higher intakes of fructose and glucose only.
Conclusion: The results of the pooled analysis of meat and egg consumption and breast cancer risk provide some clarification on the inconsistent findings for these associations in individual studies, while the findings of the pooled analysis of 25(OH)D and colorectal cancer risk should be considered in developing public health guidelines on vitamin D. For colorectal cancer survival, future studies should explore pre- and post-diagnosis sugar intake and mortality.
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Shen, Li 1968. "Nutritional and chemical properties of sorghum, rapeseed, and sunflower pollens." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278204.
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The nutritional and chemical properties of three Chinese pollens, sorghum (Sorghum sp.), rapeseed (Brassica napus) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus), were studied. All three pollens were highly preferred, with sunflower pollen the highest, by young honey bees (Apis mellifera). Rapeseed pollen increased honey bee's longevity the greatest; however, sorghum and sunflower pollens also increased the longevity relative to the no-pollen group. All three pollens had high energy (about 5 kcal/g) and carbohydrate quantities (58%). The protein, fat, and fiber levels were 27%, 7%, and 9% in rapeseed pollen, 26%, 5%, and 13% in sorghum pollen, and 15%, 5%, and 10% in sunflower pollen. alpha-Tocopherol was high in sunflower pollen (61 μg/g), lower in rapeseed (33 μg/g) and sorghum pollen (15 μg/g). K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Mn were high in all three pollens. These data suggest that a pollen which is highly preferred by honey bees is not necessarily the most nutritious.
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Bada, Nicolle Laurene. "Nutritional labeling on fast food menus| An investigation of consumer choices." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1522619.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate factors that influence consumer choice in menu items at fast food chain restaurants. The study utilized social media, specifically Facebook, to collect data from various areas of the United States.
Previous literature on the effectiveness of nutrition menu labeling on decreasing calories ordered reported mixed results. Some studies point to groups that may be least affected by menu labeling: men, individuals of certain races, obese individuals, individuals of lower socioeconomic status, unemployed individuals, and individuals who dine outside of the home frequently.
The results of this study indicated that men and individuals who dine outside of the home more than three times per week are less influenced by nutrition information than their counterparts. Additionally, about half the participants in this study reported that they do not notice or look for nutrition information. Further research and outreach programs are needed in this area.
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Revuelta, Iniesta Raquel. "The determinants of nutritional risk in paediatric cancer." Thesis, Queen Margaret University, 2015. https://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/handle/20.500.12289/7375.
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The five-year survival rates of paediatric cancer patients have improved considerably in the last 40 years with the implementation of more intensive and progressive treatments. Consequently attention is shifting to the reduction of treatment-related sequelae during and after the completion of therapy. Malnutrition and vitamin D inadequacy are a major concern as they are thought to increase the risk of short- and long-term complications in this population. Furthermore, emerging evidence has found a protective role of antioxidants and docosahexanoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) against chronic conditions, including cardiovascular disease and cancer, which are common long-term complications in survivors of paediatric cancer. Therefore, this thesis aimed to investigate the nutritional status (NS), vitamin D, antioxidants and oxidative stress levels, as well as DHA and EPA levels of paediatric cancer patients. Potential factors that may contribute to the development of malnutrition in this population were also investigated. A prospective cohort-study of SE Scottish children aged <18 years, diagnosed with and treated for cancer between Aug 2010-Jan 2014 was performed. Clinical and nutritional data were collected at defined periods up to 36 months. NS was assessed using anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance analyisis (BIA), plasma micronutrients and dietary intake. DHA, EPA, antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress were measured at baseline and 6 months between April 2013-Jan 2014. Paediatric cancer was stratified by treatment risk (high, medium and low) and by diagnostic criteria. The primary outcome was malnutrition defined as body mass index (BMI) according to UK growth chart centiles; underweight (<2.3rd), overweight (85-95th) and obese (>95th). Vitamin D status was defined by the Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guidelines (2011); inadequacy (<50nmol/L). Eighty-two patients [median(IQR) age 3.9(1.9-8.8) years; 56% males)] were recruited. At diagnosis, the prevalence of undernutrition was 13%, overweight 7% and obesity 15%. TSF identified the highest prevalence of undernutrition (15%) and the lowest of obesity (1%). BMI [p<0.001; 95% CI (1.31-3.47)] and FM (BIA) [p<0.05; 95% CI (0.006-0.08)] significantly increased after 3 months of treatment, whilst FFM (BIA) [p<0.05; 95% CI (-0.78-(-0.01)] significantly decreased during the first three months and these patterns remained until the end of the study. High-treatment risk significantly contributed to undernutrition during the first three months of treatment [p=0.04; 95% CI (-16.8-(-0.4)] and solid tumours had the highest prevalence of undernutrition [BMI (17%)]. Vitamin D inadequacy was highly prevalent (64%; 42/65) at both baseline and during treatment (33-50%) and those children who were not supplemented had the lowest vitamin D levels at every stage with median(IQR) levels ranging from 32.0(21.0-46.5)nmol/L to 45.0(28.0-64.5)nmol/L. Paediatric cancer patients had high levels of oxidative stress and low levels of DHA and EPA, especially at baseline. Antioxidant status remained steady at 6 months, however antioxidant capacity increased slightly. Finally, antioxidant levels, antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress and EPA and DHA did not statistically differ between children receiving nutritional support and those who were not. Arm anthropometry (or BIA) alongside appropriate nutritional supplementation should be implemented in clinical practice due to the high risk of malnutrition (undernutrition and obesity), the changes in body composition (increase in fat mass and reduction in lean mass) and vitamin D inadequacy, as well as the low levels of EPA and DHA seen in this paediatric cancer cohort.
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Maquivar, Martin G. "Nutritional Regulation of Precocious Puberty in Heifers." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1322586535.
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Swinton, Nelda. "Symptoms leading to nutritional risk in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients: the importance of nutritional screening in the advanced lung cancer population." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86617.
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Background: Earlier detection of nutritional problems may impact positively on patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) is a validated tool for screening and assessing the nutritional status of cancer patients.Methods: The nutritional status of NSCLC outpatients (stages 3B/4) was measured using the PG-SGA prior to any treatment. Patients were divided into 4 Nutritional Triage (NT) groups. The association between NT groups and weight loss, survival and inflammatory markers was investigated.
Results: 118 advanced NSCLC outpatients (M 63, F 55) aged 64 ± 11.3 years were studied. Patients were triaged into NT I - (18%), NT II - (11%), NT III - (29%) and NT IV- (42%). Abnormal inflammatory markers, greater weight loss and lower survival were associated with a higher PG-SGA score.
Conclusion: The PG-SGA is a simple screening tool for triaging the nutritional status of patients with advanced lung cancer.
Contexte: Le dépistage précoce des problèmes nutritionnels peut avoir un impact positif sur les patients présentant un cancer du poumon non à petites cellules. Le Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) est un outil validé pour le dépistage et l'évaluation de l'état nutritionnel des patients atteints du cancer.
Méthodologie : L'état nutritionnel des patients avec un cancer du poumon non à petites cellules dans une clinique externe a été mesuré à l'aide du PG-SGA préalable à tout traitement. Les patients ont été divisés en quatre groupes nutritionnels de triage (NT). L'association entre les groupes NT et perte de poids, survie et marqueurs de l'inflammation a été étudiée.
Résultats: 118 patients ambulatoires avec le cancer (M 63, F 55) de 64 ans ± 11.3 ont été étudiés. Les patients ont été triés en NT I - (18%), NT II - (11%), NT III - (29%) et NT IV- (42%). Des marqueurs inflammatoires anormales, une plus grande perte de poids et la baisse de survie ont été associés à un score supérieur PG-SGA.
Conclusion. Le PG-SGA est un outil simple de dépistage de triage de l'état nutritionnel des patients atteints de cancer du poumon au stade avancé.
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Bergman, Christine Joy 1960. "Soft wheat pasta supplemented with cowpea: Nutritional, sensory and cooking quality studies." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291602.
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Pasta was produced from soft wheat supplemented with cowpea. Acid detergent fiber values increased from 0.4% in the soft wheat pasta (SWP) to 1.1% in the 30% cowpea pasta (CP). Cowpea supplementation provided an increase in total and available lysine from 42 to 113% and 39 to 117%, respectively. Chemical scores for preschool children increased from 56 in the SWP to 89 in the 30% CP. For school children the 20% CP provided a score of 102. The in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) of cowpea was lower than that of soft wheat; as a result cowpea reduced the IVPD of SWP from 84% to a value of 78% for the 30% CP. The protein content of SWP was 10.9% while the CP ranged from 11.3 to 14.2%. Considering IVPD values, SWP contained 9.2% digestible protein and CP from 9.2 to 11.1%. After cooking, only the 30% CP displayed trypsin inhibitor activity. Upon visual examination, cowpea improved the color of SP making it comparable to the durum semolina control (DSC) but lacking its translucency. A sensory panel reported no difference in acceptability among treatments. Cooked weights were similar to the SWP, except with 30% replacement when a decrease was observed. CP, after 10 minutes of cooking demonstrated reduced loss as supplementation was increased. After 20 minutes all treatments had similar cooking loss compared to the SP. All treatments displayed cooking quality results significantly different from the DSC.
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Smith, Rachel Marie, and Rachel Marie Smith. "Impaired Satellite Cell Differentiation Capacity and Myotube Insulin Responsiveness in Lambs with Intrauterine Growth Restriction." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621571.
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Establishing adequate muscle mass is essential for metabolic health. Fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are born with less muscle mass than appropriate for gestational age infants and never fully recover, as those born IUGR demonstrate persistent reductions in lean body mass in adulthood. Consequently, children and adults with IUGR have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, obesity, and other complications associated with the metabolic syndrome. In order to better understand the in utero programming paradigm of IUGR on skeletal muscle growth and metabolism, we isolated satellite cells from one-month-old lambs and examined their function because of their role in muscle growth. In this series of experiments, we establish a differentiation protocol and show that satellite cells grown on Matrigel (P ≤ 0.05) and in the presence of a TGFβ inhibitor (P ≤ 0.05) have increased fusion events after 3 - 4 days of differentiation. Importantly we found that differentiation of IUGR satellite cells, measured by percent fusion, was greater than controls (P ≤ 0.05). However this difference was lost when cultures were exposed to a TGFβ inhibitor for 24 hours (P > 0.05). Using our optimized differentiation protocol to produce myotubes, we measured insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. IUGR myotubes were less responsive to insulin compared to controls (P < 0.01). These findings demonstrate for the first time that satellite cells from IUGR lambs exhibit disturbed glucose metabolism and differentiation capacity, which indicates that satellite cells become programmed by conditions associated with IUGR.
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Hernandez, Laura L. "Characterization of the Bovine Mammary Gland Serotonergic System." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/196049.
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Previous research indicates the presence of a feedback inhibitor of lactation (FIL) in milk (Peaker and Wilde, 1996). Recently, tryptophan hydroxylase I (TPH1), the rate-limiting enzyme in serotonin (5-HT) biosynthesis, was identified in the mouse mammary gland and to be regulated by prolactin (PRL). Furthermore, 5-HT was present in rodent milk and addition of 5-HT to in vitro mammary cultures and in vivo administration of 5-HT to lactating mice reduced milk protein synthesis. Studies were conducted to determine the presence of the enzymatic machinery necessary to produce 5-HT in the bovine mammary gland, the presence of specific 5-HT receptors within the bovine mammary gland, the effects of 5-HT and non-selective and selective receptor antagonists on milk protein gene expression in cultures of primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC), and to determine the effects of intra-mammary infusions of 5-HT and a non-selective 5-HT receptor antagonist on milk production and composition in lactating dairy cows. Tryptophan hydroxylase I, aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) and the 5-HT reuptake transporter (SERT) were detected in lactating bovine mammary tissue by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. Additionally, mRNA for the 5-HT 1B, 2A, 2B, 4 and 7 receptors were detected in bovine mammary tissue as well as BMEC by qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization. Tryptophan hydroxylase I mRNA is in BMEC and up-regulated by PRL. Serotonin down-regulates milk protein gene expression but has not apparent effects on apoptosis and methysergide, ritanserin, SB-224289, and pimozide (receptor antagonists) increased milk protein gene expression in BMEC. Intra-mammary 5-HT infusions decreased overall milk yield in late-lactating dairy cows by 11.1%. Intra-mammary infusions of METH increased overall milk yield by 10.9%. In conclusion, the enzymatic machinery for 5-HT biosynthesis and uptake, as well as receptors involved 5-HT signaling are present in the bovine mammary gland. Furthermore, 5-HT appears to be a FIL in the bovine, but further research regarding its cellular mechanism of action and the location of its receptor populations should be conducted.
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Pacheco, Leopoldo Arturo IV. "Nutritional and range management practices for breeding beef females." Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16806.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
KC Olson
The objective of this series of studies was to develop and improve methods of production in cow/calf operations of the Great Plains. Ultrasound measures of longissimus muscle depth (LMD) and intramuscular fat (IMF) of Angus × heifers were used to predict lifetime cow productivity. IMF and LMD were categorized into high, medium, and low groups (IMFG and LMDG, respectively). Cows in the high and medium LMDG had greater (P < 0.05) pregnancy rates than cows in the low LMDG. Calf BW at weaning increased (P < 0.05) as dam IMF increased. Angus crossbred cows grazing native range were used to evaluate the effects of pre-partum ruminally-protected choline (RPC) supplementation on postpartum beef cow and calf performance. Under the conditions of our study, RPC supplementation had minimal (P > 0.05) effects on pregnancy rates and performance of beef cows and calves. Lactating crossbred cows with calves and non-pregnant, non-lactating Boer-cross nannies were used to evaluate the effects of co-grazing on herbivory patterns and animal performance while grazing native tallgrass rangeland infested heavily by sericea lespedeza (SL). The proportion of individual SL plants that had been grazed at the end of the trial was greater (P < 0.01) in co-grazed pastures than in single-species pastures. Grazing cows and goats in combination increased (P < 0.01) grazing pressure on SL without negatively affecting beef cow performance, beef calf performance, or residual forage biomass. Angus × cows and heifers grazing native range were used to evaluate the effects of pre-partum corn steep liquor supplementation on postpartum beef cow and calf performance. Under the conditions of our study, CSL supplementation did not generally promote beef cow and calf performance that was equivalent to supplementation with an isonitrogenous, dry, corn-soy alternative. Cow calf pairs were used to evaluate the effects of grazing system (GS) and stocking rate (SR) on cow and calf performance. Late season rest-rotation (LSRR) was compared with continuous (CONT) grazing at low, moderate, and high SR. Under the conditions of our study, CONT produced consistently better (P < 0.01) late-season cow and calf performance than LSRR. Season-long effects of SR on animal performance were minimal; moreover, GS and SR treatments produced equivalent pregnancy rates.
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Ritz, Barry W. Gardner Elizabeth M. "Nutritional modulation of the innate immune response to influenza infection /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/1787.
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El-Khalifa, Mofida Yousif. "Nutritional status of Sudanese adolescent girls and associated food behaviors." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282295.
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This study assesses the nutritional status of Sudanese adolescent girls and examines the determinants of this nutritional status. To represent distinctive socioeconomic classes, the sample included 767 subjects, 11-18 year-old students attending private and public schools in Khartoum (the capital). Anthropometric measurements revealed that there are no significant differences in the heights of the girls in the two schools. However, underweight is common among public school girls (25%), while overweight is common among the private school girls (23%). Questionnaire data showed that the strongest determinants of the girl's nutritional status were whether she attained menarche, her health, mother's estimated weight, whether her mother drives a car and whether her father owns a car. Prevalence of weight changing behavior was common (at the time of the study, 28% were trying to gain weight and 20% were trying to lose weight). A tendency toward normal body weight was detected. Intentions of the girls to change their weights were strongly affected by the girl's body mass index as well as her poor body image. Family influences (advice, encouragement and attempts of parents to change their own weight) were found to play a big role in the girl's decisions to change her weight. Sudanese adolescent girls from both private and public schools are concerned about their body weight. Thus, this study provides information that can be used to enhance nutrition interventions targeting Sudanese adolescent girls.
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Kennedy, Seamus. "Pathology of experimentally induced nutritional degenerative myopathy in ruminant cattle." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484303.
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Flores-Munguia, Roberto. "The association of nutritional status and other lifestyle factors on human papillomavirus viral load." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289972.
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Infection with mucosotropic human papillomavirus (HPV) is necessary but not sufficient for development of cervical intraepithelial lesions and its ultimate stage cervical cancer. The majority of HPV infections are transient and only a minor proportion of infections persist and progress to more advanced stages of cervical dysplasia. This suggests that other factors are involved in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. Previous studies have determined an increased risk of cervical cancer associated with high HPV viral load. Other host factors such as nutritional status may be associated with HPV infection persistence and higher risk of developing neoplasia. In this study, we have developed a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay to quantitate viral burden of eight HPV types most frequently found associated with cervical cancer. This methodology was used to study the association between viral load and risk of cervical dysplasia. Our results indicate a strong association of high HPV viral load with increased risk of low-grade and high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (OR = 47.7, 95% CI = 17.04-133.58; and OR = 58.05, 95% CI = 18.43-182.89, respectively). Findings from this study suggest a linear increase of HPV viral load with cytological grade. In addition, we studied the association of HPV viral load with the concentration of circulating antioxidant nutrients and nutrients involved in DNA methylation previously associated with cervical carcinogenesis. Our viral load-nutrient study identified an inverse association of viral burden and circulating trans-lycopene (p, 0.0375), β-cryptoxanthin (p, 0.0494), trans-β-carotene (p, 0.0105), and a possible protective association with cis-lycopene (p, 0.0544) and lutein (p, 0.0977). A direct association with total viral load was observed for α-carotene (p, 0.0038), α-tocopherol (p, 0.0207), γ-tocopherol (p, 0.0288), and δ-tocopherol (p, 0.0446). Findings from this study suggest a role of circulating nutrients in HPV viral load. Overall, HPV viral load may be useful as a surrogate biomarker for HPV persistence.
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Matta, Cassandra. "Radio drama: a pilot project for nutritional health communication in Inuit communities." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104792.
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Background: A recent youth health survey in Pangnirtung, NU, revealed that youth are consuming an average of 1L soft drinks per day. In an effort to decrease soft drink consumption, while at the same time develop a method of education appropriate for Inuit communities, the education-communication theory Extended Elaboration Likelihood Model (EELM) was utilized to inform a radio drama health intervention in the primarily Inuit community of Pangnirtung, NU. The following study was designed and evaluated using quantitative and qualitative features, thereby utilizing a mixed-methods approach. Objectives: The primary objectives included: 1) creation of a reproducible radio drama intervention including both youth and Elder voices that adhered to EELM for education communication; and 2) evaluation of the effectiveness of a radio drama intervention based on attitude and behaviour change of soft drink consumption from pre-and post-intervention survey.Methods: The study utilized a participatory process to develop radio dramas, combining elder and youth voices, with the intent to promote decreased soft drink consumption in Pangnirtung, NU, youth ages 16-25y. The study was comprised of two parts: first, creation of radio dramas aligned with EELM theory and focus group evaluation of the dramas before playing on-air; and second, a radio drama intervention and subsequent evaluation. Radio dramas were created, recorded, and reviewed with the assistance of local youth in Pangnirtung, NU. The radio messages were then tested via evaluation of EELM qualities in two focus groups (n=4, n=5) to determine fulfillment of the optimum conditions of EELM theory. In part two, youth radio dramas were aired for 6 weeks in Fall 2010. Effectiveness of the dramas was assessed by paired pre- and post-intervention surveys (n=34 at pre-survey). Qualitative data were collected from a community radio call-in show to indicate community acceptance and adoption of program. Results: Focus group evaluation of the radio drama adherence to EELM was helpful in identifying revisions before the radio dramas were played on-air. Average age of the study population at post-survey (n=30) was 22.2y (SD=3.0). A total of 13 (43%) of youth surveyed had heard the radio dramas. There was significant increase in knowledge gain (the correct answer given) between pre- and post-survey when youth were asked to write the correct Inuttitut word for the concept of ‘moderation of food', something explained in an Elder story shared on air (P=0.025). Overall, analysis found that youth who heard the radio dramas consumed 1.3 cans (SE 0.94, P=0.09) less of soft drinks the previous day (in post-survey results) compared to those that did not hear the programming. Significance: Participatory process was welcomed by the Inuit community and is effective for community health interventions. Youth and the community responded well to radio as a medium for professional health information-exchange. Results from this theory-based, evaluated intervention can help to structure future nutritional health communication initiatives in Inuit communities, an important step in preventative medicine.Contexte: Un sondage récent sur la santé des jeunes à Pangnirtung, au Nunavut, a démontré que les jeunes consomment en moyenne 1 litre de boissons gazeuses par jour. Afin de diminuer la consommation de boissons gazeuses et de développer une méthode éducative adaptée pour les Inuits, nous avons utilisé la théorie « Extended Elaboration Likelihood Model » (EELM) pour réaliser une intervention en santé utilisant une série de capsules radiophoniques élaborées principalement pour la communauté de Pangnirtung, au Nunavut. L'étude qui suit utilise l'approche « mixed methods ». Objectifs: Les objectifs principaux sont: 1) la création d'une série de capsules radiophoniques reproductibles qui incluent la voix de jeunes et d'aînés ayant utilisé la méthode EELM lors de leur communication, et 2) l'évaluation de l'efficacité d'une intervention radiophonique basée sur les changements de comportement des auditeurs et sur les changements de consommation de boissons à la suite de la diffusion des capsules radiophoniques. Méthodes: L'étude a utilisé un processus participatif pour développer une série de capsules radiophoniques, en combinant les voix d'aînés et des jeunes âgés entre 16-25 ans dans le but de promouvoir une diminution de la consommation de boissons gazeuses à Pangnirtung. L'étude comprend deux parties: premièrement, la création d'une série de capsules radiophoniques basées sur la théorie EELM et leur évaluation par des groupes de discussion avant leur diffusion, et deuxièmement, l'intervention en tant que telle ainsi que son évaluation subséquente. La série de capsules radiophoniques a été élaborée et révisée avec l'aide de jeunes de Pangnirtung. Les messages radiophoniques ont ensuite été évalués selon les composantes de la théorie EELM par deux groupes de discussion (n = 4, n = 5) afin de confirmer le respect de la théorie. Durant la deuxième partie de l'étude, les capsules radiophoniques faites par les jeunes ont été diffusées pendant six semaines à l'automne 2010. L'efficacité des capsules a été évaluée en comparant les résultats avant et après leur diffusion (n = 34 pré-enquête). Des données qualitatives ont été recueillies et analysées pour démontrer l'acceptation et l'adhérence au programme par la communauté.Résultats: L'évaluation des capsules radiophoniques avant leur diffusion par les groupes de discussion en fonction de la théorie EELM a permis d'en identifier les aspects à améliorer. L'âge moyen de la population lors de l'enquête après la diffusion des capsules (n = 30) était de 22,2 ans (écart-type = 3,0). Le sondage a démontré que 13 des jeunes interrogés (43%) avaient entendu les capsules à la radio. Une amélioration importante des connaissances, basée sur la bonne réponse donnée, a été observée avant et après la diffusion des capsules lorsque les jeunes ont identifié par écrit le mot inuttitut associé au concept de la «modération de la nourriture", concept clef tout au cours de la série (P = 0,025). L'analyse a révélé que les jeunes qui avaient entendu les capsules à la radio avaient consommé en moyenne 1,3 canettes (erreur-type = 0,94 ; P = 0,09) de moins que la journée précédente comparés à ceux qui ne les avaient pas entendues.Importance: Le processus participatif a été bien accueilli par la communauté inuite et est efficace pour les interventions en santé communautaire. Les jeunes et la communauté en son ensemble ont apprécié la radio comme média d'informations sur la santé. Les résultats de cette intervention peuvent contribuer à mieux structurer les communications futures portant sur la nutrition dans les communautés inuites, une étape importante en médecine préventive.
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Schwanenberger, Laurie Anne 1958. "Nutritional patterns of pre-adolescents participating in a summer food service program." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278616.
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This study examined the nutritional patterns of 26 preadolescents (7-10 years of age) who participated in a summer food service program and determined whether the program met one-third of their daily nutrient intake. Visual plate waste and 24-hour dietary recalls were taken on five days at three ethnically different sites. Food consumed at lunch provided more than one-third of total intake for all nutrients studied, with the exception of carbohydrate intake in girls, and carbohydrate, iron and thiamine intake in boys. Average amount of food consumed at lunch by participants exceeded one-third of the RDA for all nutrients except Kcalories and iron. Additionally, mean total Kcalories consumed over a 24-hour period by participants met only 66 percent of the RDA.
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Gibbons, Laurie. "Nutritional status as a predictor of mortality in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59836.
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In order to determine the role of nutritional status as a predictor of mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 348 patients with severe airway obstruction were followed for 1 to 3 years. Baseline measurements were done on patients recruited for a clinical trial of negative pressure ventilation in severe COPD. When adjusted for the severity of disease, as assessed by the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV$ sb1$) and the use of oxygen therapy, body mass index (BMI) was a significant predictor of mortality in the recruited group. The relative risk (RR) for BMI comparing the 25$ sp{ rm th}$ to the 75$ sp{ rm th}$ percentile was 1.86 (1.76, 1.97). Both BMI and triceps skinfold thickness (TSF) were the nutritional parameters which significantly predicted mortality in the subgroup of randomized patients when adjusted for the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (PaCO$ sb2$) and use of oxygen therapy. The RR's comparing the 25$ sp{ rm th}$ to the 75$ sp{ rm th}$ percentile for BMI and TSF respectively, were 2.09 (1.92, 2.27) and 1.80 (1.66, 1.96).
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Banks, Anne Wilson. "Nutritional Analyses of Intuitive Eaters as Compared to Dieters." DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/100.
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Rates of obesity in the United States have been increasing despite an increase of dieters. A new paradigm, intuitive eating, has been introduced to counter the negative effects of dieting. Intuitive eating has not been compared to dieters on a nutritional level, however. The main purpose of this study was to determine the nutritional differences between intuitive eaters and dieters.
Participants were asked to complete questionnaires regarding food consumption and attitudes about eating. Participants (N = 32) were then classified as intuitive eaters or dieters and asked to complete six, 24-hr food logs. Data received from these food logs were compared based on group classification to determine statistical significance.
The results of the ttests did not determine statistical significance between groups regarding food consumption (p > .05). A chi-square test used to determine if intuitive eaters consumed within 100 kilocalories of their recommended level of calorie consumption was found to be statistically significant (p < .05).
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Ibrahim, Naser. "Effects of Diet and Disease on Renal Oxylipins and Related Enzymes in the Han:SPRD-Cy rat Model of Cystic Kidney Disease." John Wiley and Sons, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30734.
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Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) derived oxylipins reduces disease progression in the Han:SPRD-Cy rat model of cystic kidney disease, but the roles of lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) derived products in this disease are not known. Dietary soy protein (SP), fish oil (FO) and flax oil (FXO) are beneficial in retarding renal disease progression in this and other models of cystic kidney disease and can alter renal oxylipin production through different mechanisms. The general objectives of this thesis were to: 1) investigate the effects of disease on renal oxylipin levels (produced from the three enzymatic pathways); 2) investigate the synergistic and additive effects of combining dietary SP with FO or FXO on disease progression, renal fatty acid composition, and renal oxylipin levels; 3) compare the effects of COX and LOX inhibitors on oxylipin levels and disease progression, in the Han:SPRD-Cy rat model of cystic kidney disease.
Our research demonstrates that COX oxylipins are elevated and n-6 derived LOX metabolites are reduced in diseased kidneys in this model of cystic kidney disease. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) derived LOX oxylipins, including those derived from alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were also lower in diseased kidneys, as were CYP derived oxylipins. The beneficial effect of SP on disease was associated with amelioration of several oxylipin alterations in parallel with a reduction in kidney disease progression, improvement in kidney function and blood pressure. However, adding dietary FO or FXO to the SP diet improved some but worsened other oxylipin alterations and did not provide further disease protection.
Since both COX1 and COX2 activities are elevated in diseased kidneys, the effect of aspirin was examined; this treatment slowed disease progression and the decline in kidney function. On the other hand, inhibiting the LOX pathway had no effects on disease. Thus interventions that specifically inhibit COX while maintaining LOX and CYP may be more effective than general oxylipin inhibitors in slowing disease in this renal disorder.October 2015
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Loma, Mercado Karem Khaterine. "The Nutritional Characterization of the Carob Tree in the Department of Cochabamba." BYU ScholarsArchive, 1997. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5385.
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The nutritional value for the following species have been determined: P.pallida, P.laevigata var. andicola, P.flexuosa, P.nigra, P.alba of the genus Proposis. To obtain this purpose surveys were done about the use and consumption of the Carob Tree in the High and Central Valleys of the Cochabamba Department. As a result of the surveys it was determined that the consumption of the pods made up for 54% of human nourishment. The species that were consumed the most were P.pallida and P.laevigata var. andicola. Within the uses of these leguminous pods, the pods are directly consumed in their raw form and on a lesser scale in their cooked form. It was also observed that a minority use it as flour which is then ingested principally in the form of pito and api. Afterwards a chemical bromatologic analysis was done and it was determined that there was a high content of carbohydrates and fiber, a relatively good percentage of protein and a low ethereal extract, standing out more than the minerals calcium and iron. It was also determined that the highest content of protein and ethereal extract show P.laevigata var. andicola and P.nigra, the fiber P.laevigata var. andicola, and P.pallida calories. The species with the most concentration of the minerals phosphorus, iron, and calcium were P.pallida and P.nigra. The biological tests for the protein quality performed for the two species that were the most consumed show poor results of Real Digestibility (Dr), Net Use of Real Protein (UNPr), Real Biological Value (VBr), and the Relation of the Efficiency of Protein (PER). These are considerably becoming better through a thermic process (toasted 10min). The leguminous cereal complementation (corn-carob tree), favorably increased all of the biological indexes. The species P.pallida showed superiority compared to the results obtained for P.leavigata var. andicola. In the meantime these species can be considered a good energy source and with the combination of cereals can effectively cover caloric protein deficiencies.
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Muller, Katia. "The mandibular implant overdenture versus the madibular conventional denture : impact on the nutritional status." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30708.
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There is an ongoing and increasing interest in the significant and essential role that food plays in the health and survival of all people. As masticatory efficiency diminishes drastically in edentulous patients, many researchers in the past two decades have been studying how dietary intake varies when different types of oral rehabilitation are provided. Since the use of implants to support prostheses in edentulous mandibles has been shown to significantly improve masticatory performance, the question remains as to whether this improvement will influence nutritional status. In the present study, we used several nutritional markers to compare the nutritional status of edentulous patients who randomly received either mandibular conventional dentures or implant-supported overdentures one year previously. Although the conventional denture wearers reported having more difficulty chewing hard foods, no significant differences were detected in any of the nutritional markers. Therefore, even though chewing is more difficult for the patients wearing conventional dentures, it appears that the nutritional status of these two groups is similar.
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"Nutritional Sciences Department." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/295778.
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Pereira, Rita Bouça Soares. "Nutritional status of patients undergoing Home Parenteral Nutrition." Bachelor's thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/129159.
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Pen, Chen Hua, and 彭貞華. "Part-time learning in food and nutritional sciences in Taiwan." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13652215337465076788.
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碩士國立中興大學
食品暨應用生物科技學系所
104
The rapid development of economy, education and information in Taiwan has made the quality and safety of food become the main purposes in food industry. Therefore, advanced education and training are needed to improve the professionally of the personality in the workplace. This study investigated the part-time learning in food and nutritional sciences in Taiwan and some selected districts in the world. This investigation was carried out by questionnaire. This study analyzed and inquired the information and motivations of different part-time learners, and also the self-improvement of which they acquired after graduation. Part-time learning was found to be most popular in the North-American countries, followed by European countries. In Taiwan, the ratio of the of part-time to full-time learners is 1 to 9. From the marriage status aspect, a majority of unmarried student was female, while most of the married was students were male. From academic background aspect, most of the students who have graduated in food sciences where male, while a higher number of students graduated from biotechnology and nutrition departments were found to be female. About 65% of the students were working in food industry, and most of them who were in management positions were males. This study found that students at different ages had different motivations for pursuing degree. The motivations of those who aged 31-40 were to obtain higher education title, promotion opportunity, and higher salary in their current job. Students aged 51-60 expected to acquire more knowledge. Students graduated from the fields other than food sciences might find difficulties in their part-time learning program. Students graduated from food sciences, however, also found difficulties in studying because they were engaged in working and running out of time to study. Results showed that the courses could significantly improve their professionally, critical thinking and creativity which positively affected their personal skills in their current job. They also acquired better interpersonal communication skills. The results of this study were expected to provide some references for the development of part-time learning in food-related master program.
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Tian, Ouxi. "Caffeine Intake and the Plasma Proteome." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/42955.
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Caffeine has been implicated in a number of health conditions, but the mechanisms and physiological pathways affected are not all well understood. Genetic variation in the caffeine metabolizing gene, CYP1A2 (rs762551), is associated with differences in caffeine metabolism and disease risk. The objectives of this thesis were to determine the association between caffeine intake and the plasma proteome and whether CYP1A2 genotype modifies any associations. Subjects (n=1095) were from the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Healthy Study. Initially, no significant associations were seen between caffeine intake and 54 high-abundance plasma proteins. After stratification by CYP1A2 genotype, plasma gelsolin levels decreased significantly with increasing caffeine intake among the slow metabolizers (A/C +C/C). These results suggest that plasma gelsolin levels are affected by caffeine intake and this association is only evident among slow metabolizers. Gelsolin may have a role in mediating some of the biological effects of caffeine.
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Santos, Ana Rita de Sousa. "Sarcopenia, frailty and nutritional status in older adults." Doctoral thesis, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/140843.
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Stewart, Kevin William. "Signalling mechanisms coordinating nutritional status and lactation." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2333.
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Whole document restricted at the request of the author.The pathways by which nutritional status is signalled to the mammary glands and the metabolic sites targeted by these pathways have not been identified. Understanding of these pathways is of particular importance in species such as rodents and ruminants in which mammary metabolism is extremely sensitive to food availability. The studies in this thesis investigated mechanisms by which nutritional state was signalled to the mammary glands using the lactating rat as an experimental model. An in vivo preparation for analysis of the effects of altered nutritional state on substrate supply to, and uptake by, the inguinal mammary glands was established, as this had not been accurately performed before in rats. This preparation was used to record a large fall in mammary glucose uptake with food deprivation and a rapid restoration of uptake after refeeding. Results demonstrated that mammary glucose uptake, and hence mammary metabolism, was not closely linked to glucose supply in lactating rats. Glucose supply is unlikely to be a key factor signalling nutritional state to the mammary glands. Experiments in which the cutaneous branch of the posterior division of the femoral nerve innervating the inguinal mammary glands was severed showed that these neural pathways did not contribute to the maintenance of mammary metabolic activity in the fed and refed states or to the suppressed activity in food deprived rats. Neural signalling is unlikely to have a direct role in controlling mammary metabolism in rats. An in vitro method for measuring the uptake of glucose by rat mammary acini was developed. Insulin administration increased glucose uptake in acini from both fed and food deprived rats. Treatment with a crude gut extract enhanced uptake of glucose in acini from food deprived, lactating rats, but not in acini from fed rats. It was concluded that insulin and/or a factor from the gut may be involved in signalling the mammary gland of the restoration of nutrient supply when food deprived rats are refed. Proteomic studies were performed to investigate the effect of food deprivation and insulin on the abundance of intracellular proteins in acini from fed and food deprived, lactating rats. Analysis of over 800 protein spots detected 7 that were regulated by food deprivation, 26 that were regulated by insulin, and 9 in which the regulation was different in acini from fed and food deprived rats. None were regulated by both food deprivation and insulin. This suggests that decreased blood insulin concentration during food deprivation is unlikely to be the only signal that results in decreased mammary metabolism. Identification of proteins affected by food deprivation and insulin has led to new insights into some of the intracellular mechanisms regulated by these factors.
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Custódio, Catarina Alexandra Rodrigues. "COVID-19 pandemic: Impact on athletes and nutritional considerations." Bachelor's thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/135968.
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Gamito, Adriana Nobre. "Menstrual cycle, impact on athletic performance and nutritional considerations." Bachelor's thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/135972.
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Quigley, Kimberly Kay. "Factors associated with high nutrition risk among Oklahoma Older Americans Act Nutrition Program participants." 2005. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-1565.pdf.
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Rocha, Júlio César Leite da Fonseca. "Nutritional status and metabolic syndrome in patients with phenylketonuria." Doctoral thesis, 2013. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/101803.
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Rocha, Júlio César Leite da Fonseca. "Nutritional status and metabolic syndrome in patients with phenylketonuria." Tese, 2012. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/101803.
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Fonseca, Ana Filipa Amorim. "Nutritional status and associated factors with overweight/obesity in older adults according to Lipschitz classification - Results from the Nutrition UP 65 project." Bachelor's thesis, 2018. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/113603.
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Rocha, Helena Barbosa Trigueiro da. "Nutritional Supplements Use in Portuguese CrossFit Athletes: a Cross-Sectional Survey." Dissertação, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/125689.
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Parker, Tory L. "The effects of processing on the nutritional benefits of fruit : grapes, raisins, and papaya /." 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3337883.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2008.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-11, Section: B, page: 6704. Adviser: Nicki Engeseth. Includes bibliographical references. Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.
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Jang, Seo Yeon. "Associations of food insecurity, socioeconomic status, and type 2 diabetes among Mexican Americans and non-hispanic whites in the United States." 2009. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.000051022.
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Ryan, Kelly M. "Evaluation of aerobic exercise digital video discs (DVDs) for use by nutrition educators." 2009. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.000051400.
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Santos, Joana Manuela da Silva. "Minimally Processed Baby Leaf Vegetables: Phytonutrient Characterization and Nutritional Stability." Tese, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/71852.
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Flanagan, Anne Marie. "The relationship between high fat feeding, insulin resistance, and TNF-a gene expression in growing rats." 2005. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-1240.pdf.
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Bell, Mary Rachel. "The influence of supplemental vitamin E and zinc on the response of mouse macrophages to lipopolysaccharide." 2005. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-1435.pdf.
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Patade, Anagha. "The effects of flaxseed on lipid profile in Native American postmenopausal women." 2005. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-1429.pdf.
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Toure, Fanta. "Effects of iodine and selenium depletion on growth and bone quality of rats." 2005. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-1386.pdf.
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Wilkinson, Marci Paige. "The effect of freeze-dried strawberry powder on lipid profile and markers of oxidative stress in women with metabolic syndrome." 2009. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/Wilkinson_okstate_0664M_10690.pdf.
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