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1
Cawood, Abbie L., Emily R. Walters, Trevor R. Smith, Rachel H. Sipaul, and Rebecca J. Stratton. "A Review of Nutrition Support Guidelines for Individuals with or Recovering from COVID-19 in the Community." Nutrients 12, no. 11 (October 22, 2020): 3230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12113230.
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COVID-19 negatively impacts nutritional status and as such identification of nutritional risk and consideration of the need for nutrition support should be fundamental in this patient group. In recent months, clinical nutrition professional organisations across the world have published nutrition support recommendations for health care professionals. This review summarises key themes of those publications linked to nutrition support of adults with or recovering from COVID-19 outside of hospital. Using our search criteria, 15 publications were identified from electronic databases and websites of clinical nutrition professional organisations, worldwide up to 19th June 2020. The key themes across these publications included the importance in the community setting of: (i) screening for malnutrition, which can be achieved by remote consultation; (ii) care plans with appropriate nutrition support, which may include food based strategies, oral nutritional supplements and referral to a dietitian; (iii) continuity of nutritional care between settings including rapid communication at discharge of malnutrition risk and requirements for ongoing nutrition support. These themes, and indeed the importance of nutritional care, are fundamental and should be integrated into pathways for the rehabilitation of patients recovering from COVID-19.
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Jones-McLean, Elaine M., Bryna Shatenstein, and Susan J. Whiting. "Dietary patterns research and its applications to nutrition policy for the prevention of chronic disease among diverse North American populations." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 35, no. 2 (April 2010): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h10-003.
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Dietary patterns research is being pursued to provide a comprehensive way to characterize dietary exposures and explore diet–disease relationships. This paper outlines the need for further research into dietary pattern methodologies, and introduces papers presented at the Canadian Society for Clinical Nutrition–Canadian Society for Nutritional Sciences (now called Canadian Nutrition Society) Conference, held in Québec City in 2009. Themes that emerged include inconsistency of evidence linking diet patterns to risk of certain diseases, methodological issues around data collection and analysis, and the limitations of dietary pattern research for nutrition policy and recommendations.
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Burke, Louise M., and John A. Hawley. "Swifter, higher, stronger: What’s on the menu?" Science 362, no. 6416 (November 15, 2018): 781–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aau2093.
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The exploits of elite athletes delight, frustrate, and confound us as they strive to reach their physiological, psychological, and biomechanical limits. We dissect nutritional approaches to optimal performance, showcasing the contribution of modern sports science to gold medals and world titles. Despite an enduring belief in a single, superior “athletic diet,” diversity in sports nutrition practices among successful athletes arises from the specificity of the metabolic demands of different sports and the periodization of training and competition goals. Pragmatic implementation of nutrition strategies in real-world scenarios and the prioritization of important strategies when nutrition themes are in conflict add to this variation. Lastly, differences in athlete practices both promote and reflect areas of controversy and disagreement among sports nutrition experts.
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Dzinamarira, Tafadzwa, Gashema Pierre, Itai Chitungo, Michael Habtu, and Rosemary Okova. "A Scoping Review on Nutrition Challenges Among People Living With HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa." Global Journal of Health Science 11, no. 12 (October 9, 2019): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n12p109.
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The connection between under-nutrition and HIV is bidirectional. It affects the quality of life, as well as the survival of affected people. While this is the case, there are various nutritional challenges, which are faced by people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH), and which hamper the fight against the scourge. This study therefore sought to map literature on the nutritional challenges among PLWH in sub-Saharan Africa and guide future research in nutritional management to improve health outcomes for PLWH. A systematic search was done from the following sources: PubMed, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EBSCOhost (CINAHL and Academic Search Complete), Web of Science, and Google Scholar. In addition, information was obtained both from unpublished studies, which included book chapters, reference lists, theses and conference papers. Eleven (11) studies met the inclusion criteria, and were used for data extraction. The studies were based in different countries, which form part of the Sub Saharan Africa. One of the studies was carried out in Senegal, two studies were carried out in various West African countries, one study was carried out in Burkina Faso; one study was carried out in Ethiopia and one of the studies was carried out in different countries forming part of the Sub Saharan Africa. Two of the studies were carried out in Zambia, one in Zimbabwe, one in Cameroon, and one in Ghana. Most of the studies established the main nutrition challenge facing PLWH to be food insecurity. Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that some of the main nutrition challenges include food insecurity, lack of nutritional support among PLWH, late detection of HIV, huge cost of treating severe acute malnutrition, and lack of feeding supplementations.
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Galieni, Angelica, Beatrice Falcinelli, Fabio Stagnari, Alessandro Datti, and Paolo Benincasa. "Sprouts and Microgreens: Trends, Opportunities, and Horizons for Novel Research." Agronomy 10, no. 9 (September 19, 2020): 1424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091424.
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Sprouts and microgreens have attracted tremendous interest across multiple disciplines in recent years. Here, we critically review the most recent advances to underscore research prospects and niches, and related challenges, not yet addressed or fully pursued. In particular, we report a number of themes that merit special attention as a result of their relevance to plant science, nutrition, health, and zootechnics: (1) species not yet or inadequately investigated, such as wild plants, and fruit tree strains; (2) abiotic and biotic factors, and biostimulants, for elicitation strategies and metabolic engineering; (3) sanitization and processing technologies to obtain high-quality products; (4) digestive fate and impact of bioactive elements, antinutrients, and allergens on human nutrition; (5) experimental challenges to researching health benefits; (6) the opportunity to generate natural product libraries for drug discovery; and (7) sprouts in animal feeding to improve both animal health and the nutritional value of animal products for the human diet. The convergence of different themes involving interdisciplinary competencies advocate fascinating research pursuits, for example, the elicitation of metabolic variants to generate natural product collections for identification and selection of bioactive chemicals with a role as nutraceuticals, key constituents of functional foods, or interactive partners of specific drugs.
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Walsh, Erin, and Nicolas Cherbuin. "Mapping the Literature on Nutritional Interventions in Cognitive Health: A Data-Driven Approach." Nutrients 11, no. 1 (December 24, 2018): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11010038.
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Manual review of the extensive literature covering nutrition-based lifestyle interventions to promote healthy cognitive ageing has proved educational, however, data-driven techniques can better account for the large size of the literature (tens of thousands of potentially relevant publications to date) and interdisciplinary nature, where relevant publications may be found. In this study, we present a new way to map the literature landscape, focusing on nutrition-based lifestyle interventions to promote healthy cognitive ageing. We applied a combination of citation network analysis and text mining to map out the existing literature on nutritional interventions and cognitive health. Results indicated five overarching clusters of publications, which could be further deconstructed into a total of 35 clusters. These could be broadly distinguished by the focus on lifespan stages (e.g., infancy versus older age), and specificity regarding nutrition (e.g., a narrow focus on iodine deficiency versus a broad focus on weight gain). Rather than concentrating into a single cluster, interventions were present throughout the majority of the research. We conclude that a data-driven map of the nutritional intervention literature can benefit the design of future interventions, by highlighting topics and themes that could be synthesized across currently disconnected clusters of publications.
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Vasconcelos, Francisco de Assis Guedes de. "The construction of scientific knowledge in Food and Nutrition: Analysis of dissertations and theses in the Brazilian post-graduation programs in Nutrition." Revista de Nutrição 28, no. 1 (February 2015): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1415-52732015000100001.
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Objective: To analyze dissertations and theses produced by graduate programs in nutrition in Brazil from 2003 to 2012. We sought to identify: a) The number of studies produced per year b) the scientific approach (quantitative, qualitative, or mixed), and c) the area of knowledge in the scientific field of nutrition. Methods: This is a descriptive study. We investigated seven graduate programs linked to the area of nutrition of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, which had the web pages listing the studies. The analysis procedures included reading the titles, identifying the advisor's lines of research, reading the summaries, and reading the methods section. Results: In the study period 758 dissertations and 204 theses were defended, signifying an increase of 229.0% for the all programs. The hegemony of the quantitative approach shows the influence of the philosophical trends linked to positivism and the biological sciences, attracting interest from 92.5% of researchers. The qualitative and mixed approaches contributed only to 7.3% of the studies, expressing the influence of the social sciences and humanities and of the philosophical trends' dialectics and phenomenology about a small group of researchers. Conclusion: The distribution of dissertations and theses in the six areas of knowledge reaffirms the complexity, breadth, epistemological, and methodological heterogeneity; and the configuration of the field of knowledge production in food and nutrition, requiring the construction of collective political projects, seeking the interdisciplinarity of the different areas that structure the field.
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Fadeur, Marjorie, Jean-Charles Preiser, Anne-Marie Verbrugge, Benoit Misset, and Anne-Françoise Rousseau. "Oral Nutrition during and after Critical Illness: SPICES for Quality of Care!" Nutrients 12, no. 11 (November 14, 2020): 3509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12113509.
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Malnutrition is associated to poor outcomes in critically ill patients. Oral nutrition is the route of feeding in less than half of the patients during the intensive care unit (ICU) stay and in the majority of ICU survivors. There are growing data indicating that insufficient and/or inadequate intakes in macronutrients and micronutrients are prevalent within these populations. The present narrative review focuses on barriers to food intakes and considers the different points that should be addressed in order to optimize oral intakes, both during and after ICU stay. They are gathered in the SPICES concept, which should help ICU teams improve the quality of nutrition care following 5 themes: swallowing disorders screening and management, patient global status overview, involvement of dieticians and nutritionists, clinical evaluation of nutritional intakes and outcomes, and finally, supplementation in macro-or micronutrients.
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Zhang, Zhuoshi, John Monro, and Bernard Venn. "Carbohydrate Knowledge and Expectations of Nutritional Support among Five Ethnic Groups Living in New Zealand with Pre- and Type 2 Diabetes: A Qualitative Study." Nutrients 10, no. 9 (September 4, 2018): 1225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10091225.
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Despite availability of diabetes and nutrition information for people with pre- and type 2 diabetes, the uptake and understanding of these resources may differ among ethnic groups. Our objective was to explore dietary knowledge and diabetes experiences amongst Māori, European, Pacific Island, Indian and East Asian people living in New Zealand with a focus on carbohydrate-containing foods. A registered diabetes dietitian led ethnic-specific discussions in groups involving 29 people with pre- or type 2 diabetes. Discussions were audio-recorded, fully transcribed and coded independently by two investigators. Themes were developed using deductive and inductive techniques. Five themes emerged: knowledge, concerns, achievements, simplicity and self-determination. Nutritional knowledge was lacking and a greater awareness of trustworthy dietary resources was needed. There were concerns about diabetes complications and appropriate carbohydrate-containing foods and portions. Contrary to this, people felt proud when achieving dietary goals and grateful for support from health care providers and family. Participants were willing to engage in self-care if advice from health professionals was given in plain language, and in a culturally appropriate manner. Given the desire to take an active role in diabetes self-management and willingness to use electronic devices, an ethnic-specific nutrition education resource could be a valuable tool.
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O'Mahony, Breda, Claire Kerins, Celine Murrin, and Colette Kelly. "Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of nutrition standards for school food: a mixed methods systematic review protocol." HRB Open Research 3 (May 4, 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.13041.1.
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Background: The importance of nutrition during childhood and the high prevalence of child and adolescence obesity has resulted in several countries implementing nutritional standards for school food as a way of providing healthy school food environments. Yet there has been less focus on the barriers and facilitators influencing the process of implementing school food standards. This mixed methods systematic review aims to address this evidence gap by synthesising the empirical evidence on the factors that may influence implementation of school food standards. Methods: This mixed methods systematic review will use qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods evidence from peer reviewed publications retrieved from the following databases; PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Grey literature will be accessed through Google Scholar, Open Access Theses and Dissertations, OpenGrey, RIAN, EThOS, ProQuest, WorldCat, Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, and public health organisation websites will also be accessed. Screening reference lists and citation chaining of all included studies will also be undertaken. No restrictions on publication date or language will be applied, however, only primary research studies relevant to supply-side stakeholders will be eligible for inclusion. Study quality will be assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Study titles and abstracts will be screened to decide whether the full text manuscript should be retrieved. For screening reliability, a second review author will assess a random sample of 20%. Kappa statistics will be used to assess inter-rater reliability, with values of 0.75 and higher representing high agreement. Two authors will independently extract data and factors reported to influence implementation. This will be synthesized using the Theoretical Domains Framework. Discussion: A comprehensive understanding of these factors can provide guidance to relevant stakeholders to enhance the adaption, implementation and sustainability of nutrition standards for school meals. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42019117904
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O'Mahony, Breda, Claire Kerins, Celine Murrin, and Colette Kelly. "Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of nutrition standards for school food: a mixed methods systematic review protocol." HRB Open Research 3 (December 22, 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.13041.2.
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Background: The importance of nutrition during childhood and the high prevalence of child and adolescence obesity has resulted in several countries implementing nutritional standards for school food as a way of providing healthy school food environments. Yet there has been less focus on the barriers and facilitators influencing the process of implementing school food standards. This mixed methods systematic review aims to address this evidence gap by synthesising the empirical evidence on the factors that may influence implementation of school food standards. Methods: This mixed methods systematic review will use qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods evidence from peer reviewed publications retrieved from the following databases; PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Grey literature will be accessed through Google Scholar, Open Access Theses and Dissertations, OpenGrey, RIAN, EThOS, ProQuest, WorldCat, Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, and public health organisation websites will also be accessed. Screening reference lists and citation chaining of all included studies will also be undertaken. No restrictions on publication date or language will be applied, however, only primary research studies relevant to supply-side stakeholders will be eligible for inclusion. Study quality will be assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Study titles and abstracts will be screened to decide whether the full text manuscript should be retrieved. For screening reliability, a second review author will assess a random sample of 20%. Kappa statistics will be used to assess inter-rater reliability, with values of 0.75 and higher representing high agreement. Two authors will independently extract data and factors reported to influence implementation. This will be synthesized using the Theoretical Domains Framework. Discussion: A comprehensive understanding of these factors can provide guidance to relevant stakeholders to enhance the adaption, implementation and sustainability of nutrition standards for school meals. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42019117904
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O'Mahony, Breda, Claire Kerins, Celine Murrin, and Colette Kelly. "Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of nutrition standards for school food: a mixed-methods systematic review protocol." HRB Open Research 3 (May 13, 2021): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.13041.3.
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Background: The importance of nutrition during childhood and the high prevalence of child and adolescent obesity has resulted in several countries implementing nutritional standards for school food as a way of providing healthy school food environments. Yet, there has been less focus on the barriers and facilitators influencing the process of implementing school food standards. This mixed-methods systematic review aims to address this evidence gap by synthesising the empirical evidence on the factors that may influence the implementation of school food standards. Methods: This mixed-methods systematic review will use qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods evidence from peer-reviewed publications retrieved from the following databases; PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Grey literature will be accessed through Google Scholar, Open Access Theses and Dissertations, OpenGrey, RIAN, EThOS, ProQuest, WorldCat, Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, and public health organisation websites will also be accessed. Screening reference lists and citation chaining of all included studies will also be undertaken. No restrictions on publication date or language will be applied, however, only primary research studies relevant to supply-side stakeholders will be eligible for inclusion. Study quality will be assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Study titles and abstracts will be screened to decide whether the full-text manuscript should be retrieved. For screening reliability, a second review author will assess a random sample of 20%. Kappa statistics will be used to assess inter-rater reliability, with values of 0.75 and higher representing high agreement. Two authors will independently extract data and factors reported to influence implementation. This will be synthesized using the Theoretical Domains Framework. Discussion: A comprehensive understanding of these factors can provide guidance to relevant stakeholders to enhance the adoption, implementation and sustainability of nutrition standards for school meals. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42019117904
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Meyer, Nanna, Mary Ann Kluge, Sean Svette, Alyssa Shrader, Andrea Vanderwoude, and Bethany Frieler. "Food Next Door: From Food Literacy to Citizenship on a College Campus." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020534.
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Industrial agriculture and food corporations have produced an abundance of food that is highly processed, nutritionally poor, and environmentally burdensome. As part of a healthy campus initiative, generated to address these and other food production and consumption dilemmas, a student-run “local and sustainable” food establishment called Food Next Door (FND) was created. This intrinsic case study evaluated food literacy in health science students, faculty, and staff first as a pilot to build the case for FND and further explicated customers’, volunteers’, and leads’ experiences with FND, identifying potential pathways from food literacy to citizenship. Ten returning customers, eight recurring nutrition student volunteers, and three graduate student leads participated in interviews that were analyzed for themes and subthemes. The findings show a progression in themes. Customers’ experiences highlight FND’s fresh, flavorful food, smiling and supportive staff, and personal transformation. Volunteers’ themes identified greater awareness of new foods and plant-based eating, acquiring new knowledge and skills in commercial kitchens, and deepening their connection to food, each other, and to where food comes from. Leads’ themes show opportunities to gain managerial skills, a deeper understanding of food and skills from being immersed in value-based food systems, and confidence in peer teaching. Experiencing and becoming part of the food value chain through FND built food literacy, shifted values, and transformed students into food citizens.
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Meyer, Nanna, Mary Ann Kluge, Sean Svette, Alyssa Shrader, Andrea Vanderwoude, and Bethany Frieler. "Food Next Door: From Food Literacy to Citizenship on a College Campus." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020534.
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Industrial agriculture and food corporations have produced an abundance of food that is highly processed, nutritionally poor, and environmentally burdensome. As part of a healthy campus initiative, generated to address these and other food production and consumption dilemmas, a student-run “local and sustainable” food establishment called Food Next Door (FND) was created. This intrinsic case study evaluated food literacy in health science students, faculty, and staff first as a pilot to build the case for FND and further explicated customers’, volunteers’, and leads’ experiences with FND, identifying potential pathways from food literacy to citizenship. Ten returning customers, eight recurring nutrition student volunteers, and three graduate student leads participated in interviews that were analyzed for themes and subthemes. The findings show a progression in themes. Customers’ experiences highlight FND’s fresh, flavorful food, smiling and supportive staff, and personal transformation. Volunteers’ themes identified greater awareness of new foods and plant-based eating, acquiring new knowledge and skills in commercial kitchens, and deepening their connection to food, each other, and to where food comes from. Leads’ themes show opportunities to gain managerial skills, a deeper understanding of food and skills from being immersed in value-based food systems, and confidence in peer teaching. Experiencing and becoming part of the food value chain through FND built food literacy, shifted values, and transformed students into food citizens.
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Miles, Holly G. E., and Michelle Barrow. "Committed To Weightloss: An IPA Analysis into the Experiences of Individuals Who Lost Weight Through Nutritional Intervention." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 6, no. 1 (April 7, 2018): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.6.1.06.
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One of the challenges faced by healthcare professionals working with individuals seeking to lose weight is the issue of adherence. Individuals often fail to stick to long term dietary changes, which can impact on weight loss success. The aim of this study is to identify factors which influence adherence to nutritional intervention for weight loss, from the experiences of a purposively sampled group of individuals who had successful weight loss outcomes whilst working with a nutritional practitioner. Four participants who met the inclusion criteria took part in a semi-structured interview. They were asked to discuss their experiences of working with a nutritional practitioner, their motivation for seeking nutritional support, their experiences of working with the practitioner and the subsequent nutritional intervention and what they believed encouraged them to adhere to the intervention in the longer term. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed for themes using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Nine themes were identified within the four transcripts. The themes were grouped and labelled as follows; (1) professional (what they do and what they know), (2) in-depth and thorough, (3) can’t argue with the results, (4) someone genuinely cares, (5) I am an important part of this process, (6) empowered by knowledge, (7) shift in focus towards health, (8) my motivation, and (9) this is who I am and what I need to do. These themes were then grouped them into three superordinate themes; I trust this process, I feel valued, and understanding of self. The findings suggest practitioners may have opportunities to influence adherence to nutritional interventions for weight loss. These opportunities can be grouped into four categories, which are: enhancing professionalism, enhancing their relationship with the client, providing coaching and providing education.
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Messelink, Morgan. "Nutritional Communications across Climates: A comparative research study between Ecuador and the Netherlands." Earth Common Journal 6, no. 1 (October 30, 2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31542/j.ecj.883.
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A study in May 2014 analyzed food labels in Quito, Ecuador, to better understand the culture’s nutritional communication. The study explored what is considered to be a healthy diet in Ecuadorian culture and how this is communicated, and also to what extent nutrients in packaged food are effectively communicated via labelling. Data was gathered using a mixed methods approach; first using quantitative methods with a survey administrated to students at the Universidad San Francisco de Quito. Following the completion of the survey, participants were then asked to volunteer for a questionnaire containing open-ended questions, administered in one-on-one interviews, in order to collect qualitative data to enhance survey responses. Finally, an analysis of nutritional labels in local grocery store completed the research. This same study was then conducted in May of 2016 at Hanze University of Applied Sciences in Groningen, Netherlands, to explore the results from another country and act as a comparative study between the two cultures. Research from both cultures led to the identification of similar and different trends, themes, and outliers in the collected data. Both Ecuador and Dutch participants report receiving little to no formal education regarding diet and nutrition. This leads to participants building their model of a healthy diet from various inconsistent sources. Participants also express frustration and confusion with inconsistent labelling. Simple and measurable food labels in the Netherlands proved to have more importance and value to consumers than labels that are believed to hold false claims.
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Sandell, Angela, Hilary Michel, and Barbara Folb. "P036 ADULT AND PEDIATRIC PATIENT AND PARENT ATTITUDES, PERCEPTIONS, AND EXPERIENCES WITH NUTRITIONAL THERAPIES FOR INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW." Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 26, Supplement_1 (January 2020): S60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ibd/zaa010.153.
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Abstract Background Nutritional therapy, including exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN), partial enteral nutrition (PEN), the Crohn’s Disease Exclusion Diet (CDED), and the Specific Carbohydrate Diet (SCD), can be used as adjunct or primary treatment for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Patient and parent attitudes and experiences regarding nutritional therapy affect the decision to use them as treatment, and ultimately, their success. Aims We aimed to summarize existing literature exploring patient and parent attitudes and experiences regarding using nutritional therapy for IBD. Methods We completed a systematic review of the literature to find all publications related to pediatric and adult patient, and pediatric parent attitudes, beliefs, and experiences with implementation of four nutritional therapies for IBD: EEN, PEN, CDED and SCD. In collaboration with a research librarian, we prospectively developed a review protocol in PROSPERO; a search strategy was developed in Embase and translated for MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Authors (AS and HM) reviewed reported titles and abstracts for inclusion for full text review. AS and HM extracted data from full texts meeting inclusion criteria. Results were qualitatively coded in an iterative process to reveal the following themes: attitudes and beliefs, experiences, barriers, and facilitators. Results Our search revealed 2,127 abstracts of which 276 full texts met inclusion criteria. Of these, 28 were included for data extraction and 21 for final analysis (Figure 1); 16 were non-randomized studies and 5 were randomized control trials. Regarding attitudes and beliefs, patients using EEN and PEN in several studies reported being willing to utilize this therapy again in the future. Patients using the SCD felt that the diet was superior to medications and feared long-term medication side effects. Patients using EEN, PEN, and SCD commonly experienced improved quality of life (QOL) scores. Frequently, QOL scores in those on EEN or PEN were the same as or better than those on biologic medications. Another common experience reported both by patients on EEN and SCD was occasional “cheating” on the diet or eating “illegal foods.” The most common barrier to implementation of EEN and PEN was palatability. For the SCD, time to prepare foods was a barrier. Few reports of facilitators to implementation exist. No studies of the CDED met inclusion criteria. Studies are summarized in Table 1. Conclusions Nutritional therapy is an essential component of IBD management, yet studies focusing on the patient and parent experience with these diets are limited. Future studies with the primary aim of exploring patient and parent perceptions of and experiences with nutritional therapy may guide appropriate therapy recommendations and allow the medical team to provide adequate support to ensure their success.
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Raubenheimer, David, Stephen J. Simpson, and Alice H. Tait. "Match and mismatch: conservation physiology, nutritional ecology and the timescales of biological adaptation." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1596 (June 19, 2012): 1628–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0007.
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Conservation physiology (CP) and nutritional ecology (NE) are both integrative sciences that share the fundamental aim of understanding the patterns, mechanisms and consequences of animal responses to changing environments. Here, we explore the high-level similarities and differences between CP and NE, identifying as central themes to both fields the multiple timescales over which animals adapt (and fail to adapt) to their environments, and the need for integrative models to study these processes. At one extreme are the short-term regulatory responses that modulate the state of animals in relation to the environment, which are variously considered under the concepts of homeostasis, homeorhesis, enantiostasis, heterostasis and allostasis. In the longer term are developmental responses, including phenotypic plasticity and transgenerational effects mediated by non-genomic influences such as parental physiology, epigenetic effects and cultural learning. Over a longer timescale still are the cumulative genetic changes that take place in Darwinian evolution. We present examples showing how the adaptive responses of animals across these timescales have been represented in an integrative framework from NE, the geometric framework (GF) for nutrition, and close with an illustration of how GF can be applied to the central issue in CP, animal conservation.
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Nankumbi, Joyce, Tom Dennis Ngabirano, and Gorrette Nalwadda. "Maternal Nutrition Education Provided by Midwives: A Qualitative Study in an Antenatal Clinic, Uganda." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2018 (October 25, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3987396.
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Maternalnutrition during pregnancy affects the health of the mother and baby. The objective of this paper is to describe the maternal nutrition education offered by midwives to women attending an antenatal clinic. The study also examined the resources, support, and the needs of the midwives in offering the nutrition education. Six in-depth interviews with the midwives, six direct structured observations of the group education, and 12 one-on-one interactions of midwife and pregnant women observations were completed. The interviews and field observation notes were typed and analyzed using the latent content analysis. The emerging themes were the maternal nutrition education and the education needs of the midwives. The content and presentation of maternal nutrition were inadequate in scope and depth. The maternal nutrition education was offered to only pregnant women attending the first antenatal care visit. The routine antenatal education session lasted 45 minutes to 1 hour, covering a variety of topics, but the nutritional component was allotted minimal time (5–15 minutes). The organization, mode of delivery, guidelines, resources, and service environment were extremely deficient. The relevance of appropriate weight gain during pregnancy, guidelines for healthy habits, avoidance of substance abuse, and nutrition precautions in special circumstances was missing in the nutrition presentation. Information, maternal nutrition education resources, infrastructure, and health system gaps were identified. There was an inefficient nutrition education offered to the pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic. As means of promoting effective nutrition education, appropriate in-service training, mentorship, and support for the midwives are needed, as well as infrastructural and resource provision.
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Berhane, Hanna, Eva-Charlotte Ekström, Magnus Jirström, Yemane Berhane, Christopher Turner, Beatrix Alsanius, and Jill Trenholm. "What Influences Urban Mothers’ Decisions on What to Feed Their Children Aged Under Five—The Case of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Nutrients 10, no. 9 (August 22, 2018): 1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10091142.
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Mothers carry the prime responsibility for childcare and feeding in low-income countries. Understanding their experiences in providing food for their children is paramount to informing efforts to improve the nutritional status of children. Such information is lacking in Sub-Saharan Africa. To understand what influences urban mothers’ food acquisition and their motivations for selecting food for their children, 36 in-depth interviews were carried out with mothers having children under five years of age. Interviews were conducted in the local language, audio-recorded, transcribed, and translated into English. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis which led to the identification of four major themes: mothers give-in to a child-driven diet; quick-fix versus the privilege of planning; keen awareness on food safety, nutrition, and diet diversity; and social, familial, and cultural influences. The findings indicate that child feeding practices are influenced by interlinked social and environmental factors. Hence, nutrition education campaigns should focus on targeting not only families but also their children. Attention should also be given to food safety regulations, as well as to the much-needed support of mothers who are struggling to ensure their children’s survival in low-income countries.
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Waller, Anna W., Astrid Dominguez-Uscanga, Emely Lopez Barrera, Juan E. Andrade, and Jeanette M. Andrade. "Stakeholder’s Perceptions of Mexico’s Federal Corn Flour Fortification Program: A Qualitative Study." Nutrients 12, no. 2 (February 8, 2020): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020433.
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Background: In Mexico, the fortification of corn and wheat flours with iron, zinc, and folic acid and the restoration of B-vitamins is a mandatory program. However, the monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of this fortification process is not well understood. Thus, the purpose of the study was to understand the M&E of the food fortification program in Mexico, with an emphasis on technology research and development. Methods: Open-ended exploratory interviews were conducted with food technology representatives (n = 9), food science academic faculty (n = 1), president of a private tortilla-making federation (n = 1), and representatives of the federal monitoring agency (n = 2). Interviews were transcribed and themes were identified using the content analysis methodology. Inter-rater reliability was assessed by calculating an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between the raters (n = 3). Results: A total of 49 codes were identified that resulted in three overarching themes, manufacturing/processing, monitoring logistics, and nutrition. Overall, there is a need for more robust internal and external M&E with Mexico’s fortification program to improve the manufacturing/processing of fortifying the tortillas, the monitoring of this fortification program, and the impact the fortified tortillas have on the nutritional status of the Mexican population. The overall ICC was 0.87. Conclusions: The present study can be used to gain insight into Mexico’s fortification program and to inform food fortification policymakers of best practices.
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Neptune, Leigh, Kayla Parsons, and Jade McNamara. "A Qualitative Study of Nutrition Literacy in Undergraduate Students." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa059_055.
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Abstract Objectives To determine which nutrition literacy domains (functional, interactive, critical) influence dietary decisions of young adults. Methods A thematic analysis was conducted using four transcribed focus group discussions, recorded at the University of Maine in February of 2019. Each focus group consisted of five to seven undergraduate students. Ten prompted questions were discussed within the three domains of nutrition literacy: functional, interactive, and critical. Focus groups were transcribed by two research assistants, and reviewed for accuracy by a third research assistant. Transcriptions were then coded for primary and secondary themes. Participants completed a demographic survey before participating in the focus group. Results Mean age was 20.1 ± 1.5 years old, 70.0% were female, and 76.7% were white. Majors included natural sciences (56.7%), liberal arts and sciences (23.3%), and other (20.0%), health majors were excluded from participating. Themes emerged that fell under the three nutrition literacy domains. (1: Functional) Intuition guides eating decisions. Students reported that they “listen to their bodies” and “just know” which foods are healthy. (2: Interactive) Diet trends affect dietary choices. Many students mentioned following various diet trends and the high frequency of diet trend advertising within social media spaces. (3: Critical) Nutrition information is sought out online. Students reported using government websites and academic journals, but the most popular source for seeking out nutrition information was Google. Students reported that they “just know” which sources of information are credible. Conclusions College students referenced the three nutrition literacy domains when discussing factors that impact dietary choices, showing that nutrition literacy plays a role in college students’ nutrition and health decisions. Understanding how the different nutrition literacy domains relate to young adults’ decisions surrounding food choices can inform future programs aimed at improving dietary behaviors of young adults. Funding Sources This project was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch project number #ME022004 through the Maine Agricultural & Forest Experiment Station.
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LINDSAY, ANA CRISTINA, MARCIA TAVARES MACHADO, KATARINA M. SUSSNER, CARY K. HARDWICK, LIGIA REGINA FRANCO SANSIGOLO KERR, and KAREN E. PETERSON. "BRAZILIAN MOTHERS’ BELIEFS, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES RELATED TO CHILD WEIGHT STATUS AND EARLY FEEDING WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF NUTRITION TRANSITION." Journal of Biosocial Science 41, no. 1 (January 2009): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932008003039.
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SummarySummary. With the rapid pace of the nutrition transition worldwide, understanding influences of child feeding practices within a context characterized by the co-existence of overweight and undernutrition in the same population has increasing importance. This qualitative study describes Brazilian mothers’ child feeding practices and their perceptions of their association with child weight status and explores the role of socioeconomic, cultural and organizational factors on these relationships. Forty-one women enrolled in the Family Health/Community Health Workers Programme were selected from rural, urban, coastal and indigenous areas in Ceara State, north-east Brazil, to participate in four focus group discussions. Content analysis identified fourteen emergent themes showing mothers’ child feeding practices in this setting were influenced by economic resources, mothers’ immediate social support networks (e.g. neighbours and family members) and participation in nutrition assistance programmes. Child malnutrition was the most common nutritional concern; nevertheless, mothers were aware of the negative health consequences of obesity but misunderstood its causes (e.g. foods filled with fat would make a person fat; others thought that birth control pills and stimulants given to children were causes of obesity); several reported their own struggles with overweight. Food assistance programmes emerged as an important influence on children’s dietary adequacy, especially among mothers describing dire economic situations. The findings have implications for targeting food assistance as well as health and nutrition education strategies in low-income families undergoing the nutrition transition in north-east Brazil.
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Sparrow, Robert, Rina Agustina, Hilde Bras, Grace Sheila, Matthias Rieger, Athia Yumna, Edith Feskens, and Alida Melse-Boonstra. "Adolescent Nutrition—Developing a Research Agenda for the Second Window of Opportunity in Indonesia." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 42, no. 1_suppl (June 2021): S9—S20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0379572120983668.
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Background: Recently, adolescence has been identified as a second window of opportunity for the correction of nutritional inadequacies. However, there is a lack of knowledge on evidence-based integrated nutrition strategies for adolescents in Indonesia. Objective: To provide a research agenda and the prioritization of research actions to tackle outstanding knowledge gaps on adolescent nutrition in Indonesia. Methods: A preliminary set of research topics was listed based on a desk study of the academic literature and policy documents. Second, a stakeholder meeting was held to further identify and discuss research topics related to adolescent nutrition in Indonesia. Third, an online survey was conducted in which respondents were asked to indicate priority research themes for the next 3 to 5 years and to rank a total of 23 research questions. Results: Most (52%) of the respondents who returned the survey (n = 27) prioritize research on implementation and program evaluation, while 30% prefer descriptive and explanatory research, and 19% place priority with intervention and discovery research. However, when we followed up with specific topics for each of these broad research areas, a more nuanced picture emerged, with intervention and discovery research taking a more prominent standing. Conclusions: In order to support the design, implementation, and effectiveness of integrated nutrition programs for Indonesian adolescents, in-depth studies should question the best intervention strategies, modes of delivery, and long-term outcomes, while nationwide and disaggregated data should investigate associations and trends over time and identify vulnerable groups.
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Righton, Olivia, Patrick Egan, Jean M. Russell, Toni M. Cook, and Margo Elizabeth Barker. "Dietary advice for improving cardiovascular health in UK running magazines." Nutrition & Food Science 47, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-12-2015-0155.
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Purpose This paper aims to evaluate the dietary advice for cardiovascular health in UK running magazines. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative and quantitative content analysis was carried out on 12 issues (2014/2015) of Men’s Running (MR), Runner’s World (RW) and Women’s Running (WR). Coding of content took place into three themes: diet information, format and cardiovascular health. Findings Dietary advice comprised 17, 18 and 21 per cent of content in MR, RW and WR, respectively. A Mediterranean dietary pattern (e.g. fruit, vegetables, nuts and seeds, wholegrains and legumes, oily fish) was recommended for cardiovascular health and lowering of BP and plasma cholesterol. Single components of this dietary pattern were emphasised combined with advice to alter fat intake and increase intake of antioxidant nutrients and polyphenols, while advice to restrict salt was scarce. There was minimal emphasis on weight control. Information was often presented as single-page compilations of multiple headlines and snippets. Lexical imperatives and magisterial vocabulary connoted learned expertise and citation of experts and journals was common. Research limitations/implications Future research may qualitatively investigate how readers interpret and make use of the nutrition information and dietary advice provided in these magazines. A critical question would be to address whether these dietary messages lead to cardio-protective dietary behaviour. Practical implications Improved journalistic reporting of emerging nutritional science is also needed. Magazine editors and journalists need to follow reporting guidelines for science and provide more nuanced information. Originality/value This research is the first to describe the content and style of dietary content for cardiovascular health in running magazines.
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Keaver, Laura, Ioanna Yiannakou, Sara C. Folta, and Fang Fang Zhang. "Perceptions of Oncology Providers and Cancer Survivors on the Role of Nutrition in Cancer Care and Their Views on the “NutriCare” Program." Nutrients 12, no. 5 (April 30, 2020): 1277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12051277.
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Cancer patients and survivors can experience treatment related side effects that impact nutrition status, as well as unwanted weight loss, weight gain and poor dietary quality. Therefore, they are a group that would benefit from nutrition intervention. A qualitative study was conducted online (six focus groups and two interviews) with 12 oncology providers and 12 survivors in the United States. Participants were asked about the role of nutrition in survivors’ health, appropriate components of nutrition care for cancer patients, and strategies to integrate nutrition into oncology care. Feedback on a proposed program, “NutriCare”, was also sought. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed for themes. Four main themes emerged: (1) nutrition is an important component of oncology care and source of empowerment for cancer patients; (2) in the NutriCare program, the prescription pad component was viewed as a critical aspect, and there was also a preference for dealing with patients and survivors separately; (3) for implementation, the most appropriate time for providers to talk to patients about nutrition is during the development of the treatment plan. Reinforcement of key nutrition messages by providers was also highlighted; (4) major barriers included lack of time and motivation by providers. Survivors were interested in and providers supportive of integrating nutrition into oncology care.
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LoBuono, Dara L., Kyla Shea, Sarah Sarah Dobiszewski, Alison Tovar, Skye N. Leedahl, Furong Xu, Mahler Leslie, and Ingrid E. Lofgren. "DIETARY INTAKE AND SELF-REPORTED NUTRITION CONCERNS OF PEOPLE WITH PARKINSON’S AND THEIR INFORMAL CAREGIVERS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3404.
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Abstract Dietary recommendations for managing Parkinson’s disease (PD) can be confusing for people with PD (PwPD) and their informal caregivers (ICGs) who often have the responsibility to buy and prepare foods. PwPD (63-78 years of age) and their ICGs (39-75 years of age) completed two 24-hour dietary recalls and semi-structured, dyadic interviews which were conducted to gather information about dyads’ (n=9) nutrition concerns. Calorie, macro- and micro-nutrient intake were averaged over two days and compared to the National Academy of Sciences’ dietary reference intakes. Independent t-tests and the Mann-Whitney U tests compared PwPD and ICG. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed for preliminary themes. Mean calorie intake was 1766.6±658.5 kcal/d; the majority of calories were from carbohydrates. Calorie and nutrient intake between PwPD and ICG did not differ. All participants were below recommendations for fiber (17.2±7.9g/d) and potassium (2213.3±890.0mg/d) and exceeded recommendations for sodium (2741.2±1396.9mg/d) and added-sugars (59.5 ±38.3g/d). More than half of participants (55.6%) agreed an eating plan to manage PD symptoms is important and that a nutrition consultation would be helpful. Emerging themes from qualitative interviews include: nutrition concerns related to PD symptoms, managing other conditions and PD, perceptions regarding diet quality, impact of diet on PD symptoms, and complementary medicine. In conclusion, there were no differences in dietary intake between PwPD and ICG, and participants presented with lack of adherence to recommended dietary reference intakes. Sub-optimal dietary intake and self-reported nutrition concerns strongly suggest including both nutrition professionals and ICGs when providing care for PwPD.
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Mazurak, Vera C., Ellen Whybrow, Stanley Varnhagen, and Catherine J. Field. "Distance Delivery of Nutrition Education." Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research 66, no. 3 (September 2005): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/66.3.2005.187.
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Questions often arise about the quality of an educational experience in a distance format. Debate exists as to whether the relatively new format of on-line education can offer an equivalent learning experience for students, and the perception remains that virtual learning is impersonal. We examined students’ experience in an introductory undergraduate nutrition course that had been remodelled as an asynchronous, active-learning, student-centred model. The investigation used the framework of instructional message design, a concept based on cognitive science principles, to highlight themes in student survey and focus group data. Results indicate that a motivating and accessible quality educational experience is possible in an on-line format through a student-centred model. Such a model provides a means to offer education to a diverse and larger audience. Further investigation is needed to determine faculty professional development needs and cost-effective ways to expand the model. Such a model provides alternatives to expand delivery to encourage interest in the field, and to provide continuing education for allied professionals and the general public.
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Gibson, Simone, Melissa Adamski, Michelle Blumfield, Janeane Dart, Chiara Murgia, Evelyn Volders, and Helen Truby. "Promoting Evidence Based Nutrition Education Across the World in a Competitive Space: Delivering a Massive Open Online Course." Nutrients 12, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020344.
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The internet is the fastest growing source of nutrition information for consumers. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) provide and avenue for nutrition professionals’ urgent need to respond to consumer demand for low-cost, accessible and engaging information. This research aimed to evaluate learner participation and perceptions in an evidence-based nutrition MOOC and provide recommendations for engaging international online lay audiences. Learners completed pre and post course surveys including quantitative and open-ended questions. Pre-course surveys collected demographic data, prior nutrition knowledge and motivations for doing the course. Post-course surveys evaluated their preferred learning modes and learners’ opinions of the course. Quantitative were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Conventional content analysis was conducted on learners’ responses to open-ended survey questions using an inductive approach. Learners represented 158 countries from a range of educational backgrounds. There were 3799 qualitative comments related to learners’ learning and course content preferences. Qualitative analysis identified key themes related to (1) online interaction, the (2) value of the evidence presented by nutrition experts and (3) the course structure and practical aspects. Divergent opinions were expressed within these themes. Satisfying the needs of large international audiences with diverse backgrounds is challenging in promoting sound evidence-based nutrition messages. MOOCs provide a means for delivering evidence based global nutrition education in the online space crowded with food advertising and nutrition conjecture. Recommendations are made as to how to construct and engage diverse on-line audiences.
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Mysterud, Iver, and Dag Viljen Poleszynski. "Expanding Evolutionary Psychology: toward a Better Understanding of Violence and Aggression." Social Science Information 42, no. 1 (March 2003): 5–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018403042001791.
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The “mainstream” evolutionary psychology model is currently under criticism from scientists of other persuasions wanting to expand the model or to make it more realistic in various ways. We argue that focusing on the environment as if it consisted only of social (or sociocultural) factors gives too limited a perspective if evolutionary approaches are to understand the behavior of modern humans. Taking the case of violence, we argue that numerous novel environmental factors of nutritional and physical-chemical origin should be considered as relevant proximate factors. The common thesis presented here is that several aspects of the biotic or abiotic environment are able to change brain chemistry, thus predisposing individuals to violence and aggression in given contexts. In the past, aggressive behavior has had a number of useful functions that were of particular importance to our ancestors' survival and reproduction. However, some of the conditions in our novel environment, which either lowered the threshold for aggression or released such behavior in contexts which were adaptive in our evolutionary past, no longer apply. It is high time evolutionary approaches to violence are expanded to include the possibilities that violence may be triggered by nutritionally depleted foods, reactive hypoglycemia caused by habitual intake of foods with a high glycemic index (GI), food allergies/intolerances and exposure to new environmental toxins (heavy metals, synthetic poisons).
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Ojo, Omorogieva, Amanda Rodrigues Amorim Adegboye, Osarhumwese Osaretin Ojo, Xiaohua Wang, and Joanne Brooke. "An Evaluation of the Nutritional Value and Physical Properties of Blenderised Enteral Nutrition Formula: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Nutrients 12, no. 6 (June 20, 2020): 1840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061840.
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Background: Although there are merits in using commercial “enteral nutrition formula” (ENF) compared with blended ENF, there is a growing preference for the use of blended ENF in many countries globally. However, the nutritional value and physical properties of blended ENF compared with commercial ENF may be limiting its use. We have not found any evidence of a meta-analysis on the nutritional value of blended diets in the adult population. Aim: The aim of this review was to compare the nutritional value, physical properties, and clinical outcomes of blended ENF with commercial ENF. Methods: The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses were used for this review. The search strategy was based on a Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome framework. The following databases; Pubmed, EMBASE, PSYCInfo, and Google scholar were searched for articles of interest using keywords, Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) and Boolean operators (AND/OR) from the inception of each database until 23 February 2020. The articles were evaluated for quality. Results: Based on the systematic review and meta-analysis, four distinct themes were identified; Nutritional value, Physical properties, Clinical outcomes; and Adverse events. The findings of this review showed inconsistencies in the macronutrient and micronutrient values of the blenderised ENF compared with the commercial ENF. The results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the blenderised ENF and the commercial ENF in relation to the fat and protein contents of the diets. However, the blenderised ENF was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the commercial ENF regarding the energy content of the diets, with an overall mean difference of −29.17 Kcal/100 mL (95% CI, −51.12, −7.22) and carbohydrate content with an overall mean difference of -5.32 g/100 mL (95% CI, −7.64, −3.00). In terms of sodium, potassium, and vitamin A, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the blenderised and commercial ENF, although significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed between the two diets with respect to calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, iron, and vitamin C contents. Furthermore, the blenderised ENF showed significantly higher levels (p < 0.05) of viscosity and osmolality than the commercial ENF. The significantly lower levels of some of the macro-nutrients and micro-nutrients in the blenderised ENF compared with the commercial ENF and the difference in the expected nutritional values may be due to the fact blenderised ENF is produced from common foods. Thus, the type of foodstuffs, cooking, and processing methods may lead to loss of nutrients and energy density. The deficits in the energy content and some of the macro- and micro-nutrients in the blenderised ENF compared with commercial ENF may have implications for patients’ health and clinical outcomes. The clinical implications of the underdelivering of nutrients may include increased risk of undernutrition, including energy malnutrition, which could have a negative effect on body composition and anthropometric parameters, morbidity, mortality, length of hospital stay, and costs. For outpatient care, this could increase the risk of hospital re-admission and homecare costs. Additionally, the higher viscosity and osmolality of the blenderised ENF compared with the commercial ENF can increase the risk of complications, including tube blockage, and impaired delivery of feed, water, and medications, with significant implications for patients’ nutritional status and health outcomes. Conclusion: The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis identified significant variability in the nutritional value of blenderised ENF compared with commercial ENF. Furthermore, the nutritional values of the blenderised ENF do not meet the expected recommended levels compared with commercial ENF and these may have implications for patients’ nutritional status and health outcomes, including the effect on body composition, morbidity, mortality, hospital re-admission, and costs. Further studies are needed to elucidate the nutritional value of blenderised ENF on patients’ clinical outcomes.
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Emerson, Jillian A., Wietse Tol, Laura E. Caulfield, and Shannon Doocy. "Maternal Psychological Distress and Perceived Impact on Child Feeding Practices in South Kivu, DR Congo." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 38, no. 3 (June 19, 2017): 319–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0379572117714385.
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Background: Maternal mental health problems are associated with poor child growth and suboptimal child feeding practices, yet little qualitative research has been conducted to understand mothers’ perceptions about how maternal mental ill health and child nutrition are related. Objective: The objective of the study was to understand maternal perceptions on sources of psychological distress, and how distress impacts functioning, especially related to childcare and feeding practices among mothers of young children in South Kivu, DR Congo. Methods: Mothers of young children who were participating in a larger study were eligible. Using purposive sampling, participants were selected if they had high or low levels of psychological distress, based on their mean item score on measures of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress. Twenty in-depth interviews and 2 focus group discussions were conducted, with a total of 35 mothers. Key informant interviews were conducted with 5 local health workers. Audio recordings were transcribed and coded, and the analysis was guided by Grounded Theory methodology. Results: Major themes to emerge were that women’s husbands were a significant source of distress, with husbands’ infidelity, abandonment, and lack of financial support mentioned by participants. Psychological distress resulted in appetite and weight loss, and poor nutritional status made it difficult to breastfeed. Participants perceived psychological distress caused milk insufficiency and difficulty breastfeeding. Conclusion: Mothers experiencing psychological distress may need greater support for maternal nutrition and breastfeeding, and engaging fathers through responsible parenting interventions may reduce psychological distress and have a positive impact on child health.
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Rani, Savita, Rakhi Singh, Rachna Sehrawat, Barjinder Pal Kaur, and Ashutosh Upadhyay. "Pearl millet processing: a review." Nutrition & Food Science 48, no. 1 (February 12, 2018): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-04-2017-0070.
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Purpose Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is a rich source of nutrients as compared to the major cultivated cereal crops. However, major factors which limit its utilization are the presence of anti-nutritional factors (phytate, tannins and polyphenols) which lower availability of minerals and poor keeping quality because of higher lipase activity. Therefore, this paper aims to focus on the impact of different processing methods on the nutrient composition and anti-nutritional components of pearl millet. Design/methodology/approach This is a literature review study from 1983 to 2017, focusing on studies related to pearl millet processing and their effectiveness in the enrichment of nutritional value through reduction of anti-nutritional compounds. Findings From the literature reviewed, pearl millet processing through various methods including milling, malting, fermentation, blanching and acid as well as heat treatments were found to be effective in achieving the higher mineral digestibility, retardation of off flavor, bitterness as well as rancidity problems found during storage of flour. Originality/value Through this review paper, possible processing methods and their impact on the nutrient and anti-nutrient profile of pearl millet are discussed after detailed studied of literature from journal articles and thesis.
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Patyka, V. P., I. P. Hryhoriuk, M. M. Barna, N. M. Drobyk, and O. B. Kononchuk. "З ВІДДАНІСТЮ СВОЇЙ СПРАВІ, З ЛЮБОВ’Ю ДО ЛЮДЕЙ ТА З ІСКРОЮ ДОБРА У СЕРЦІ." Scientific Issue Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: Biology 76, no. 2 (June 26, 2019): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2078-2357.19.2.17.
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July 7, 2019 marks the 60th anniversary of the renowned scientist in the field of plant physiology and microbiology, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Higher School of Ukraine, Head of the Department of Botany and Zoology of the Ternopil National Pedagogical University and University
Svitlana Vasylivna was born in the village of Ishkiv, Koziv district, Ternopil region, to a family of teachers. She started schooling at the Ishkiv eight-year school and later Ternopil Secondary School #8, which she graduated with honours in 1976. In August 1977, she entered Ternopil Pedagogical Institute, Natural Sciences faculty. She graduated with honors in 1982 and got qualification of a teacher of chemistry and biology
Since July 1982, Svitlana Vasylivna's work has been associated with the Department of Botany (now the Department of Botany and Zoology of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University), where she became an assistant at the laboratory of plant physiology and biology.
As a laboratory assistant, S.V. Pyda commenced her first scientific studies concerned with nitrogen nutrition of legumes supervised by Professor, Head of the Symbiotic Nitrogenation Department of the Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of NAS of Ukraine Yukhym Polikarpovych Starchenko, candidates of biological sciences, professor of the Department of Botany of Ternopil Pedagogical Institute Vekirchyk Kuzma Mykolaiovych and associate professor Butnytskyi Ivan Mykolaiovych.
From 1989 to 1993 S.V. Pyda carried out scientific research at National Botanical Garden M.M. Hrishko NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv) supervised by professor, head of allelopathy department Holovko Erast Anatoliiovych. May 26, 1994 as a result of scientific research S.V. Pyda became a successful defense of a Ph.D. thesis for the degree of Candidate of Biological Sciences in the specialty 03.00.12 – plant physiology in the specialized scientific council of the Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of NAS of Ukraine entitled: «Allelopathic and symbiotic features of lupine at different levels of nitrogen nutrition».
During her postgraduate studies, in 1990 S. V. Pyda was transitioned to the position of Assistant Professor of the Department of Botany of Ternopil Pedagogical Institute, and after the defense of her Ph.D. thesis in January 1995 – to the post of Senior Lecturer, Associate Professor of Botany – on December 25, 1997. Pyda S.V. was given the academic title of Associate Professor of Botany.
Pyda S.V. managed to combine her teaching career with scientific research concerned with a wide range of questions of plant physiology, biochemistry and ecology, microbiology, agriculture. Her major research focuses on the biological fixation of molecular nitrogen by legumes, allelopathic and biochemical features of species of the genus Lupine and some floral-ornamental plants, problems of chemical interaction between plants in natural and artificial phytocenoses, microorganisms and agriculture.
Her 13-year-long scientific work found its expression in the manuscript of the doctoral dissertation, successfully defended on June 14, 2007 for the degree of Doctor of Agricultural Sciences in the specialized academic council of the Uman Agrarian University (now Uman National University of Horticulture) entitled: “Physiology of symbiosis of Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lupinus) – Lupinus L.: allelopathic analysis” specialty 03.00.12 – plant physiology.
On April 1, 2008, after a significant achievement in the scientific and pedagogical field, the decision of the Scientific Council of the Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University Pyda S.V. was appointed the professor of the Department of Botany. On January 20, 2011, by the decision of the Attestation Board of the Ministry of Education and Science, Pyda S.V. was awarded the academic title of Professor of Botany. Since November 26, 2014 prof. Pyda S.V. has been the head of the Department of Botany and Zoology after the merging of the departments of Botany and Zoology.
Svitlana Vasylivna Pyda’s legacy comprises 342 works, including 4 monographs, 7 utility model patents, over 30 scientific articles, 2 textbooks, 7 methodological tutorials, 1 bibliographic index, 2 e-courses etc.
Professor S.V. Pyda has been teaching at the University for many years the disciplines "Plant Physiology", "Microbiology with the Fundamentals of Virology", "Research Methods", "Nutrition and Productivity of Plants", "Mechanisms of Plant Productivity". She is also a teacher of Ternopil Oblast Territory -Municipal Branch of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, a member of the jury and head at the numerous competitions of city and all-Ukrainian importance, the head of the Ternopil branch of the Ukrainian Society of Plant Physiologists and Ternopil branch of the Society of microbiologists of Ukraine.
For a significant contribution to the teacher training courses, the introduction of modern technologies of education and upbringing of student youth and the support of gifted students, Svitlana Vasylivna Pyda was elected Academician of the Academy of Sciences of Higher School of Ukraine, awarded by Ternopil state administration, Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ternopil Oblast Ecological and Naturalistic Center student youth, Ternopil Regional Communal Territorial Branch of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, NAS of Ukraine, Ministry of Education and Science, etc.
Svitlana Vasylivna considers herself a happy person because she had the best teachers – Yavonenko A.F., Vekirchyk K.M., Shusta I.V., Barna M.M., Butnytskyi I.M., Shymanska V.A., Kuzmovych L.G., Orchuk K.I., Talposha V.S., Grushka S.I., Yakovleva V.O., Yakovenko B.V., Kuratova T.S., colleagues and scholars such as Y. P. Starchenko, E.A. Golovko, V.P.Patyk, I.P. Grygoryuk, friends, and sincere and friendly people. She is a role model and we all appreciate her dignity, integrity, high spirits and loyalty to Ukraine and science.
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Newcomb, Mark D. "1 Introduction: Review of the Career: Gary L. Allee." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.027.
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Abstract Gary Allee’s professional career as a swine nutritionist spans from 1972 to 2020 in the peer-reviewed publication record. An evaluation of the major themes presented in his publications show a connectivity of work done at a “basic” science level leading to work on the application of this basic knowledge to meet pig production needs. It is interesting to explore the themes of Dr. Allee’s work and connect that to how pigs are fed on a practical basis today. Regarding sow nutrition work, Dr. Allee used his early work on lipogenesis to expand on the topic to understand how energy sources are able to cross the placental barrier and ultimately impact neonatal energy reserves. Further, Dr. Allee responded to availability changes in synthetic amino acids to the industry to explore opportunities to leverage these AA’s into sow diet formulations. In the area of nursery pig nutrition, his record explores the theme of lipid metabolism from lipogenesis, to ketogenesis to fat source and fatty acid profile implication to diet value. However, Dr. Allee picked up the themes of protein and lactose sources and implications on hypersensitivity and value of proteins and sugars targeted to the young pig all influencing practical diet formulations globally in young pig nutrition. In the area of the grow-finish pig, Gary’s work explored topics of dietary fat use, practical aspects of amino acid inclusion and the interaction of repartitioning approaches to lean deposition with nutrient requirements. This symposium is designed to highlight several key principals for success as a scientist that are evident in Dr. Allee’s career: a) importance of being a systems thinker in ability to take basic information and evolve it into practical implications; b) importance of being a global citizen in scientific professional development; and c) the impact that one has on people endures.
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Magrini, Marie-Benoît, Guillaume Cabanac, Matteo Lascialfari, Gael Plumecocq, Marie-Josephe Amiot, Marc Anton, Gaelle Arvisenet, et al. "Peer-Reviewed Literature on Grain Legume Species in the WoS (1980–2018): A Comparative Analysis of Soybean and Pulses." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (December 2, 2019): 6833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236833.
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Grain-legume crops are important for ensuring the sustainability of agrofood systems. Among them, pulse production is subject to strong lock-in compared to soya, the leading worldwide crop. To unlock the situation and foster more grain-legume crop diversity, scientific research is essential for providing new knowledge that may lead to new development. Our study aimed to evaluate whether research activity on grain-legumes is also locked in favor of soya. Considering more than 80 names grouped into 19 main grain-legume species, we built a dataset of 107,823 scholarly publications (articles, book, and book chapters) between 1980 and 2018 retrieved from the Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics) reflecting the research activity on grain-legumes. We delineated 10 scientific themes of interest running the gamut of agrofood research (e.g., genetics, agronomy, and nutrition). We indexed grain-legume species, calculated the percentage of records for each one, and conducted several analyses longitudinally and by country. Globally, we found an unbalanced research output: soya remains the main crop studied, even in the promising field of food sciences advanced by FAO as the “future of pulses”. Our results raise questions about how to align research priorities with societal demand for more crop diversity.
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Hudak, Katelin M., Emily Friedman, Joelle Johnson, and Sara E. Benjamin-Neelon. "Food Bank Donations in the United States: A Landscape Review of Federal Policies." Nutrients 12, no. 12 (December 8, 2020): 3764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12123764.
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Rates of food insecurity have increased substantially in the United States (US), and more families are turning to the charitable food system to help meet their needs. Prior studies have examined the nutritional quality of foods offered through food banks, but little is known about what government policies may shape the healthy food donation landscape. The purpose of this study was to review US federal policies that impact food and beverage donations to food banks and assess whether policies encourage healthy food donations. In spring 2020, two researchers independently reviewed federal food and beverage donation policies using predefined search terms in two legal databases. We identified six categories of policies based on the existing food donation literature and themes that emerged in the policy review. We identified 42 federal policies spanning six categories that addressed food and beverage donations to food banks. The largest category was “government programs,” with 19 (45%) policies. The next largest category was “donation via schools,” with 12 (29%) policies. However, no policies specifically addressed the nutritional quality of food donations. There is an opportunity for the federal government to strengthen food bank donation policies and improve the nutritional quality of donated foods and beverages.
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Brotherson, Mary Jane, Mary Jane Oakland, Christine Secrist-Mertz, Ruth Litchfield, and Kathlene Larson. "Quality of Life Issues for Families who Make the Decision to Use a Feeding Tube for Their Child with Disabilities." Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps 20, no. 3 (September 1995): 202–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154079699502000305.
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Qualitative research methods were used to study families who had made or were in the process of making the decision to use a feeding tube to meet the nutrition needs of their child with a disability. Data were gathered over a 2-year period through interviews with eight families. Family decision making in the context of quality of life was examined using a theoretical family systems model. Descriptive themes and issues emerged from the data that led to a greater understanding of what families face in making this decision for their child. The data can help families and professionals work in partnership before a child becomes severely malnourished or medically compromised as a result of inadequate nutrition. The themes and issues are discussed and implications for future interventions and research are presented.
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Lepre, Breanna, Jennifer Crowley, Dineo Mpe, Harsh Bhoopatkar, Kylie J. Mansfield, Clare Wall, and Eleanor J. Beck. "Australian and New Zealand Medical Students’ Attitudes and Confidence towards Providing Nutrition Care in Practice." Nutrients 12, no. 3 (February 25, 2020): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12030598.
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The prevalence of lifestyle-related chronic disease is increasing. Doctors in primary care are ideally placed to support patient nutrition care, but recent reviews show education is still lacking. This study aimed to identify medical students’ attitudes towards the role of nutrition in health, nutrition knowledge, and perceptions of nutrition education, in postgraduate (Australia) and undergraduate (New Zealand) programs in order to identify gaps in nutrition knowledge and skills to better inform future education. Second-year graduate and third-year undergraduate students participated in semi-structured focus groups and interviews. A general inductive approach was used to investigate students’ (1) attitudes toward the role of nutrition in health, (2) nutrition knowledge based on nutrition-specific competencies and (3) perceived adequacy of nutrition education received. Interviews (nine) and focus groups (seven) identified four common themes: (1) role of medical practitioners in nutrition care, (2) barriers to nutrition education, (3) nutrition knowledge, and (4) nutrition-related skills. Students perceive that doctors are well-placed to provide some level of nutrition care, but poor translation of nutrition knowledge to clinical contexts is a key limitation in nutrition education. In summary, nutrition education may be insufficient to support the nutrition-related competency development of the undergraduate and postgraduate student participants in this study. Focusing on the integration of these skills into the curriculum may be a priority.
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Adamski, Melissa, Helen Truby, Karen M. Klassen, Stephanie Cowan, and Simone Gibson. "Using the Internet: Nutrition Information-Seeking Behaviours of Lay People Enrolled in a Massive Online Nutrition Course." Nutrients 12, no. 3 (March 12, 2020): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12030750.
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People’s accessibility to nutrition information is now near universal due to internet access, and the information available varies in its scientific integrity and provider expertise. Understanding the information-seeking behaviours of the public is paramount for providing sound nutrition advice. This research aims to identify who learners in a nutrition-focused Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) turn to for nutrition information, and how they discuss the information they find. A multi-methods approach explored the information-seeking and sharing behaviours of MOOC learners. Summative content analysis, and an exploratory, inductive, qualitative approach analysed learners’ posts in MOOC discussion forums. From 476 posts, the majority (58.6%) of nutrition information sources learners reported were from websites. Providers of nutrition information were most commonly (34%) tertiary educated individuals lacking identifiable nutrition qualifications; 19% had no identifiable author information, and only 5% were from nutrition professionals. Qualitative themes identified that learners used nutrition information to learn, teach and share nutrition information. Consistent with connectivist learning theory, learners contributed their own sources of nutrition information to discussions, using their own knowledge networks to teach and share information. Nutrition professionals need to understand the principles of connectivist learning behaviours in order to effectively engage the public.
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Nanaiah, Ganapathy Kuyyamudi, Dayakar Rao Benhur, Sujay Rakshit, Vishala Devender, Venkatesha Sollepura Chinnegowda, and Vilas Achutarao Tonapi. "Variation in Nutritional and Shelf Life Parameters Among Rabi Sorghum Cultivars and Effect of Processing on These Parameters." Agricultural Research 8, no. 4 (March 18, 2019): 513–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40003-018-0393-8.
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Jaafari, Faezeh, Somayeh Delavari, and Leila Bazrafkan. "Evaluation of the geriatric curriculum implemented at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, since 2017: A qualitative study." F1000Research 8 (April 9, 2019): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16040.1.
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Background: Recently, there has been an increase in life expectancy due to improvements in nutrition, health, and sanitation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the geriatric curriculum in the field of general medicine at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS), Iran to improve the quality of services provided to this population in the community. Methods: This was a qualitative study. Six educational hospitals and ambulatory centers of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences participated in this study. Within these centers, 15 medical education faculty members and educational experts, 6 medical students, 6 elderly patients and 6 nurses working in the university related to the geriatric field were selected using purposive sampling. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussion and field observations in the teaching hospital and ambulatory setting of SUMS from June 2017 to May 2018. Based on the qualitative research, the data underwent conventional content analysis and the main themes were developed from this. Results: Three main themes were extracted from the data: effective clinical education, geriatrics curriculum challenges and promotion strategies for geriatric medicine. Subcategories that emerged were a competent curriculum teacher, a challenging program, management of resources, promotion of the program, and the revision required in the curriculum, which were related to other concepts and described in the real-world situation of the geriatric curriculum in the university, as observed in field observations. Conclusions: This study identified three concepts as main themes that can be used to explain how to implement a geriatric curriculum in a medical university. The main contributing factor to different views of the participants was identified as the revision required to the curriculum for integrative care in a geriatric patient. This should be taken into consideration while planning any programs and decisions aimed at education of medical students on this topic.
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Jaafari, Faezeh, Somayeh Delavari, and Leila Bazrafkan. "Evaluation of the geriatric curriculum implemented at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, since 2017: A qualitative study." F1000Research 8 (October 1, 2019): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16040.2.
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Background: Recently, there has been an increase in life expectancy due to improvements in nutrition, health, and sanitation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the geriatric curriculum in the field of general medicine at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS), Iran to improve the quality of services provided to this population in the community. Methods: This was a qualitative study. Six educational hospitals and ambulatory centers of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences participated in this study. Within these centers, 15 medical education faculty members and educational experts, 6 medical students, 6 elderly patients and 6 nurses working in the university related to the geriatric field were selected using purposive sampling. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussion and field observations in the teaching hospital and ambulatory setting of SUMS from June 2017 to May 2018. Based on the qualitative research, the data underwent conventional content analysis and the main themes were developed from this. Results: Three main themes were extracted from the data: effective clinical education, geriatrics curriculum challenges and promotion strategies for geriatric medicine. Subcategories that emerged were a competent curriculum teacher, a challenging program, management of resources, promotion of the program, and the revision required in the curriculum, which were related to other concepts and described in the real-world situation of the geriatric curriculum in the university, as observed in field observations. Conclusions: This study identified three concepts as main themes that can be used to explain how to implement a geriatric curriculum in a medical university. The main contributing factor to different views of the participants was identified as the revision required to the curriculum for integrative care in a geriatric patient. This should be taken into consideration while planning any programs and decisions aimed at education of medical students on this topic.
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Hasib, Enam, Taufique Joarder, Kharisma Nugroho, Kelly Perry, Jennifer Crum, and Amy Weissman. "Bridging the Knowledge Gap in Bangladesh for Effective Locally Driven Conditional Cash Transfer in Multisectoral Nutrition Programming." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab035_038.
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Abstract Objectives The USAID's Strengthening Multisectoral Nutrition Programming through Implementation Science Activity (MSNP) in Bangladesh gathered local knowledge to augment national data to ensure nutrition programming delivery was appropriately targeted. Such knowledge allowed MSNP's social protection conditional cash transfer (CCT) activity to reach most at-risk individuals. Methods Using structured field observation forms, six trained staff documented nutrition programming decision-making processes and MSNP project activities regarding appropriate beneficiary targeting in six districts. Numerous project documents were reviewed and site visits conducted to evaluate CCT implementation in action. Data were coded into three aspects of learning (challenges and methods to alleviate them, successes, and recommendations for future programming) and analyzed according to themes identified in research utilization literature. Results CCT, an incentive-based delivery mechanism targeting women based on locally collected data, positively influenced household decision-makers, including women, to provide effective health and nutrition care for themselves and their children. CCT, received upon completion of antenatal care visits and participation in nutrition education sessions, effectively supported the uptake of MSNP community workers’ nutrition advice led to improve water, sanitation, and hygiene practices in remote areas. Requiring CCT beneficiaries to open bKash accounts to ensure financial transparency and that funds reached the intended participants helped establish women as nutrition decision makers, improving financial inclusion for extreme-poor women. Conclusions CCT stimulates use of nutrition and health services, increasing household resources for nutrition-related behaviors and allowing women to exercise financial freedom. To improve evidence utilization in nutrition programming, national indicators must be complemented with local knowledge gathering processes, with local stakeholders and beneficiaries involved to ensure appropriate targeting and to transform knowledge into practice. Funding Sources United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
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Pelto, Gretel H., Emily Levitt, and Lucy Thairu. "Improving Feeding Practices: Current Patterns, Common Constraints, and the Design of Interventions." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 24, no. 1 (January 2003): 45–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482650302400104.
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We propose a set of “best-practice complementary feeding behaviors,” which were derived by combining principles of psychosocial care with current knowledge in nutritional sciences. We provide a theoretical rationale for assessing and describing complementary feeding practices in terms of what is fed, how food is prepared and given, who feeds the child, when food is fed (frequency and scheduling), and the feeding environment (where ). We also discuss the significance of selected sociocultural determinants of these practices for the design of interventions. We then review 18 case studies in relation to these practices and their determinants. The exercise, in which we abstracted data from ethnographic reports, revealed areas of congruence and deviations from best-practice behaviors. The data on feeding practices are described with a common framework to facilitate comparison across sites. Key themes emerging from the studies include the significance of the larger family, the effects of competing maternal time demands, and the importance of parental perceptions and cultural constructs in affecting complementary feeding practices. Finally, we discuss the implications of the findings for future interventions.
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Sosanya, Mercy, Jeanne Freeland-Graves, Ayodele Gbemileke, Dorothy Adesanya, and Folake Samuel. "Why Are You So Thin? Exploring Individual and Household Level Factors of Adolescent Girls’ Food Consumption in Rural Bauchi, Northern Nigeria." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab035_090.
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Abstract Objectives Bauchi State has the second highest prevalence of acute malnutrition (13%) among girls and women in Nigeria. Individual and household-level factors that may influence the food consumption of rural adolescent girls were explored in six local government areas of Bauchi State in Northern Nigeria. Methods Focus group discussions were used to collect data from unmarried girls (11–16 years). Each of the six discussions had eight participants. Discussions were conducted in the Hausa language, tape recorded by skilled interviewers, transcribed, translated into English and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Emerging themes from this study included age at marriage, knowledge of basic nutrition concepts, foods perceived as nourishing for girls and women, food preferences of adolescent girls, and gender inequities in household access to food. Intended and actual ages at marriage overlapped significantly and ranged from 13–20 years. The concern about not finding a husband after a certain age, and a desire to be independent of parents were common reasons for early marriage. The knowledge of basic concepts in nutrition including types of nutrients and food groups was minimal. When asked what foods were perceived to be nourishing for women and girls, participants mentioned cereals mostly, a few plant and animal protein foods, but also ultra-processed foods and drinks. In order of taste preference, adolescent girls chose cereal foods, ultra-processed foods, animal source foods, legumes, tubers and vegetables. Rice and pasta were the most preferred food items, while fruit and dairy products were not mentioned. Prevailing limited access to animal source foods was attributed to large household size and financial constraints. All participants reported receiving smaller food portions than their adolescent male siblings. Perceived reasons for this disparity include the contribution of boys to farm labor and household income, gender stereotypes (“just because they are boys”), and their larger body frames and appetites. Some believed that boys needed more food for energy in order to impregnate girls. Conclusions Early marriage, poor nutrition knowledge and disparities in access to food may influence food consumption and, thus, contribute to poor nutritional status in adolescent girls in Bauchi State. Funding Sources Oxfam LINE Project, Bauchi funded the study.
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St. Pierre, Christine, Win Guan, Leah Barry, Grace Dease, Sydney Gottlieb, Arielle Morris, Jamison Merrill, and Jennifer M. Sacheck. "Themes in Train-the-Trainer Nutrition Education Interventions Targeting Middle School Students: A Systematic Review." Nutrients 13, no. 8 (August 10, 2021): 2749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082749.
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Context-appropriate nutrition education interventions targeting middle school students have the potential to promote healthy dietary patters that may help prevent unnecessary weight gain at a point in childhood development when youth experience increasing agency over their food choices. The aim of this review was to identify and synthesize themes in train-the-trainer approaches, intervention content and delivery, and youth receptivity across teacher, mentor, and peer-led nutrition education interventions that targeted middle school-age youth in urban, primarily low-income settings. A systematic, electronic literature search was conducted in seven electronic databases, PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, ERIC, PsycINFO, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane CENTRAL, using fixed inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 53 papers representing 39 unique interventions were selected for data extraction and quality assessment. A framework synthesis approach was used to organize the interventions into six categories and identify themes according to whether the intervention was classroom-based or out-of-school-based and whether adults, cross-age peers or same-age peers delivered the intervention. Ten of the interventions contained multiple components such that they were included in two of the categories. The review findings indicated that trainings should be interactive, include opportunities to role-play intervention scenarios and provide follow-up support throughout intervention delivery. Interventions targeting middle school youth should include positive messaging and empower youth to make healthy choices within their specific food environment context.
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Stage, Virginia C., Kristi Wilkerson, Archana Hegde, Sarah Lisson, Oyinlola Toyin Babatunde, and L. Suzanne Goodell. "Head Start administrator and teacher perceptions of parental influence on preschool children’s nutrition education." Journal of Early Childhood Research 16, no. 2 (June 15, 2017): 160–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476718x17705415.
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Parents play a significant role in molding their children’s nutrition knowledge and behavior. The purpose of the present study was to explore parental influence on preschooler’s nutrition education from the perspectives of North Carolina–based Head Start coordinators and teachers. Investigators conducted 63 in-depth, structured interviews with Head Start Health/Nutrition Coordinators (n = 31) and teachers (n = 32). Interviews were recorded in digital audio format and transcribed verbatim. Following a grounded theory approach, researchers identified primary, emergent themes related to parental influence and a substantive-level model was developed. Head Start staff described parental background (i.e. nutrition knowledge, culture), socioeconomic status, food preferences and parental engagement/support of teacher provided nutrition education as the primary factors that affect preschooler’s nutrition education. The proposed theoretical model provides an initial understanding of the influence Head Start parents may have on their children’s nutrition education. The findings suggest more training and education opportunities for parents and teachers may be needed. Despite barriers, teachers and local community partners should continue to support parents in their efforts to reinforce positive nutrition messages among preschool children.
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Tontisirin, Kraisid, George A. Attig, and Pattanee Winichagoon. "An Eight-Stage Process for National Nutrition Development." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 16, no. 1 (March 1995): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659501600104.
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In the context of the eight major themes proclaimed at the Rome meeting of the International Conference on Nutrition in 1992, an eight-stage process incorporated thematic components into the development agendas of developing nations. The eight progressive stages, which are presented here in the context of Thailand's experiences, are recognition that nutrition is a national (or community) problem, a systematic national (community) nutrition assessment, building a critical mass around prime movers, gaining political and social commitment, taking concrete steps toward creating intersectoral collaboration and planning, expanding awareness and initiating action, integrating nutrition into social and health development efforts, and designing programmes that improve people's quality of life by involving community members as agents of change, not simply passive receivers of government services.
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Meza, Anthony, June M. Tester, Irene H. Yen, Barbara A. Laraia, Julia A. Wolfson, and Cindy W. Leung. "Perceptions of SNAP and Stocking Standards: A Qualitative Study of California Small Food Store Owners and Managers." Nutrients 13, no. 3 (February 26, 2021): 752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13030752.
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The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is critical to alleviating food insecurity, but low diet quality among program participants is a concern. Nutrition-related interventions have focused on SNAP-authorized food retailers, but the perspectives of small food store owners and managers have not been represented in national policy discussions. This study aimed to explore the opinions of store owners/managers of SNAP-authorized small food stores about their overall perceptions of the program and the stricter stocking standards previously proposed in 2016. We conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 33 small food store owners and managers in San Francisco and Oakland, California in 2016. Interviews were analyzed for thematic content using the general inductive approach. Four themes emerged from owners/managers’ discussion of their overall perceptions of SNAP: the beneficial impact of SNAP on their business, how SNAP enables them to connect with the broader community, the importance of SNAP in preventing hunger, and the nutrition-related struggles that SNAP participants face. Store owners/managers had a generally favorable response towards the proposed stricter stocking standards. Additional themes discussed pertained to the concern about whether stocking changes would lead SNAP participants to purchase more healthful food and some logistical challenges related to sourcing and storing perishable foods.