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Nanton, Dominic André. "Nutritional value of marine harpacticoid copepods as live food for marine fish larvae." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24887.pdf.
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Armstrong, Sharyn G., of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, and Faculty of Science and Technology. "Chemical analysis of nutritionally important components in temperate Australian fish." THESIS_FST_XXX_Armstrong_S.xml, 1992. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/505.
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The lipid composition of five species of marine finfish from temperate Australian waters was determined. Claims that the lipids of Australian fish contain high levels of omega-6 fatty acids and arachidonic acid (AA) were investigated. Individual fish were analysed from samples collected at three locations and two seasons, and they were found to have fatty acid compositions of similar nutritional value to those from northern hemisphere temperate waters. Levels of AA, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were also found to be comparable. The variability in fatty acid compositions was greater between samples taken from different locations than from different seasons. Lipid contents and compositions were found to exhibit some species-characteristic nature, indicating a need for accurate species identification. A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for fish identification was developed, which was successful. The application of HPLC to processed fish was investigated and it was found to be suitable for gamma-irradiated and infrared dried fish, but not for those that had been smoked or microwave cooked.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Lane, Hillary Anne. "Variation in the nutritional value of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) from the Bay of Fundy, Canada." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-1/laneh/hillarylane.pdf.
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Armstrong, Sharyn G. "Chemical analysis of nutritionally important components in temperate Australian fish." Thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 1992. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/505.
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The lipid composition of five species of marine finfish from temperate Australian waters was determined. Claims that the lipids of Australian fish contain high levels of omega-6 fatty acids and arachidonic acid (AA) were investigated. Individual fish were analysed from samples collected at three locations and two seasons, and they were found to have fatty acid compositions of similar nutritional value to those from northern hemisphere temperate waters. Levels of AA, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were also found to be comparable. The variability in fatty acid compositions was greater between samples taken from different locations than from different seasons. Lipid contents and compositions were found to exhibit some species-characteristic nature, indicating a need for accurate species identification. A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for fish identification was developed, which was successful. The application of HPLC to processed fish was investigated and it was found to be suitable for gamma-irradiated and infrared dried fish, but not for those that had been smoked or microwave cooked.
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Crouse, Curtis. "Use of Alternative Lipids and Finishing Feeds to Improve Nutritional Value and Food Safety of Hybrid Striped Bass." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1066.
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Seafood represents the most important source of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) in the human diet. However, consuming fish can present risks from persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that bioaccumulate in edible tissues following dietary exposure. In farmed fish, POPs accumulate as a result of feeding diets based on fish oil (FO). Fish oil substitution can reduce POP accumulation, but also results in loss of beneficial LC-PUFAs. Fish oil-based finishing diets at the end of production can restore LC-PUFAs, but this strategy also increases POPs. The present study assessed the use of saturated fatty acid (SFA)-rich lipids to replace fish oil in grow-out feeds in conjunction with a fish oil-rich finishing diet to determine if this strategy could produce hybrid striped bass with equal production performance, equivalent LC-PUFA levels, and reduced POP concentrations. Triplicate tanks of hybrid striped bass were raised on diets containing fish oil (100% FO), fish oil spiked with additional POPs (100% FO Spike), or blends (50/50 or 25/75) of FO and coconut (CO) or palm (PO) oils (50% CO, 50% PO, 75% CO, 75% PO) with and without an eight week finishing period with the 100% FO diet prior to harvest. Production performance, fillet LC-PUFA, and POP content were assessed. Production performance was not adversely affected by any of the feeding regimens. However, fatty acid profile was altered, with fillets of fish consuming less fish oil having lower LC-PUFA and POP levels. Finishing yielded a modest increase in fillet LC-PUFAs and POPs, but POPs accumulated more readily than LC-PUFAs during finishing. However, harvest fillet POP and LC-PUFA levels in the experimental groups were lower relative to levels in the 100% FO group. Replacing fish oil in aquafeeds can produce fish with reduced LC-PUFAs, and also reduced POPs. Feeding fish oil results in more rapid accumulation of POPs than LC-PUFA. Overall, the 75% fish oil replacement feeds yielded fish with the highest ratio of LC-PUFAs to POPs. Despite lower LC-PUFA content, fillets of fish fed the 75% fish oil replacement feeds could be incorporated into a weekly meal plan with other dietary sources of LC-PUFAs to meet dietary recommendations for these essential nutrients.
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NAKAUTH, Rog?rio Ferreira. "A extens?o como instrumento de consolida??o da forma??o do t?cnico em Recursos Pesqueiros." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2114.
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Instituto Federal de Educa??o, Ci?ncia e Tecnologia do Amazonas
Taking into that experience of practical activities and exchange of experience between community and students can contribute to learning and increase the meaning of technical knowledge, this study aimed to use the extension community as important tool for teaching-learning process, diffusion of good practices in fish meal preparation process "piracu?", aiming at strengthening the training of technician Fishery Resources. The subjects were ten students from last year, which participated in educational workshops on good practices in food handling and piracu? elaboration. After the workshops the students were taken to the rural community where they observed the manufacturing process on site and made an analysis of the critical points susceptible to intervention. After contextualization of technical and cultural knowledge about the process, the students returned to the community to conduct intervention action on the production process to improve the quality of the final product. Knowledge contextualized, through the activities was verified by using a questionnaire with Likert Scale applied in two stages (T Initial: before the workshops, and Tend : after completion of the project) and through the development of conceptual maps in three moments (T1: before workshops; T2: before the intervention and T3 : after the end of the project). Was held the physical-chemical and microbiological characterization of piracu? produced in the community. The results show an increase of 0.26 in average score to the affirmative, and 90% of students had shown average growth between the start and end times. The reduction in the coefficient of variation in students average from 30.8% (initial time) to 28.2% (end time) indicates greater homogeneity among the answers to the different statements. Analyzing the affirmative, 18% got answers smaller than 3.5 (neither agree nor disagree) at initial time, and at end time this percentage decreased to 13.6% demonstrating greater safety of students to position themselves in relation the knowledge presented. Concept maps have shown good assessment tools, but the students had difficulties in the construction of diagrams, in choosing prepositions and verbs, and establishing of conceptual links. Nevertheless, there was slight enrichment in the conceptual interconnections after the completion of contextualization of knowledge and intervention in the community. The species used in the production of piracu? were surubim (Pseudoplatystomafasciatum ) and Pirarara (Phractocephalushemiliopterus), with the following chemical composition, respectively: protein 70.74 and 70.35%; total lipids 7.67 and 8.93%; moisture 16.0 and 15.50%; carbohydrates 1.02 and 0.96%; Minerals 4.57 and 4.26% and 356.04 and 365.64 Kcal / EB / 100g. After microbiological analysis was not observed contamination in samples piracu? produced by the community before or after the intervention of the project, indicating that the farmhouse production has resulted in a final product suitable for consumption. The results indicate that the realization of educational workshops related to practical experience with the rural community, contributed to appropriation of knowledge significantly on the production of piracu? among participating students research and enhancement of existing traditional knowledge in the rural community (Nossa Senhora do Desterro, Parintins, AM).
Considerando que a viv?ncia de atividades pr?ticas e a troca de experi?ncia entre comunit?rios e estudantes podem contribuir para a aprendizagem e incrementar o significado do conhecimento t?cnico, este trabalho teve como objetivo geral utilizar a extens?o comunit?ria como ferramenta de ensino e aprendizagem, para difus?o de boas pr?ticas no processo de elabora??o de farinha de peixe ?piracu??, visando o fortalecimento da forma??o profissional do t?cnico em Recursos Pesqueiros. Os sujeitos desta pesquisa foram dez alunos do ultimo ano, os quais participaram de oficinas pedag?gicas sobre Boas pr?ticas na manipula??o de alimentos e Elabora??o de Piracu?. Ap?s as oficinas os estudantes foram levados ? comunidade rural onde observaram o processo de fabrica??o in loco e fizeram uma an?lise dos pontos cr?ticos pass?veis de interven??o. Ap?s contextualiza??o dos saberes t?cnico e cultural a cerca do processo, os estudantes voltaram ? comunidade para realizar a??o de interven??o sobre o processo produtivo visando melhoria da qualidade do produto final. O conhecimentocontextualizado, por meio das atividades realizadas foi verificado mediante utiliza??o de question?rio com Escala Likert aplicado em dois momentos (T incial: antes das oficinas; e T final: ap?s o t?rmino do projeto) e por meio da elabora??o de mapas conceituais em tr?s momentos (T1: antes das oficinas; T2: antes da a??o de interven??o e T3: ap?s o termino do projeto). Foi realizada a caracteriza??o f?sico-qu?mica e microbiol?gica do piracu? produzido na comunidade. Os resultados apontam aumentode 0,26 na m?dia geral da pontua??o atribu?da ?s afirmativas, e 90% dos alunos apresentaram m?dia crescente entre os tempos inicial e final. A redu??o do coeficiente de varia??o das m?dias dos alunos de 30,8% (tempo inicial) para 28,2% (tempo final) indica maior homogeneidade entre as respostas para as diferentes afirmativas. Analisando-se as afirmativas, 18% obtiveram respostas abaixo de 3,5 (n?o concordo nem discordo) no tempo inicial, e no tempo final esse percentual reduziu-se para 13,6% demonstrando maior seguran?a dos estudantes ao posicionarem-se em rela??o aos conhecimentos apresentados. Os mapas conceituais se mostraram bons instrumentos de avalia??o, contudo os estudantes apresentaram dificuldades na constru??o dos diagramas, estabelecimento de preposi??es e verbos nas liga??es conceituais. Apesar disso, observou-se ligeiro enriquecimento nas interliga??es conceituais ap?s a realiza??o da contextualiza??o entre os saberes e a interven??o na comunidade. As esp?cies utilizadas na produ??o do piracu? foram Surubim (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum) e Pirarara (Phractocephalus hemiliopterus), as quais apresentaram a seguinte composi??o centesimal, respectivamente: prote?na 70,74 e 70,35%; lip?dios totais 7,67 e 8,93%; umidade 16,0 e 15,50%; carboidratos 1,02 e 0,96%; minerais 4,57 e 4,26% e energia 356,04 e 365,64 Kcal/EB/100g. Ap?s an?lise microbiol?gica n?o foi verificada contamina??o nas amostras de piracu? produzidas pela comunidade antes ou ap?s a interven??o do projeto, indicando que o procedimento artesanal resultou em produto final apto ao consumo. Os resultados indicam que a realiza??o de oficinas pedag?gicas associadas ? viv?ncia pr?tica junto ? comunidade rural contribuiu para apropria??o do conhecimento de forma significativa relativo ? produ??o de piracu? entre os alunos participantes da pesquisa e valoriza??o do saber tradicional existente na comunidade rural (Nossa Senhora do Desterro, Parintins, AM).
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Guimarães, Igo Gomes [UNESP]. "Digestibilidade aparente, pela tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), de alimentos extrusados." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95209.
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
São escassos os valores de digestibilidade de aminoácidos dos alimentos para a tilápia do Nilo, apesar de ser uma das espécies mais cultivadas mundialmente. Desta forma, determinou-se, com a tilápia do Nilo, os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente dos aminoácidos e da proteína de oito alimentos protéicos: farinha de peixe, farinha de carne e ossos, farinha de vísceras de aves e, farinha de penas, farelo de soja, farelo de algodão-28, farelo de algodão-38 e, glúten de milho-60. Os alimentos foram incorporados a uma dieta prática referência na relação 7:3 (70,0% de dieta referência e 30,0% do alimento teste). Entre os alimentos de origem animal, a farinha de vísceras (89,73%) e a farinha de peixe (88,60%) apresentaram os maiores valores de digestibilidade aparente da proteína (DaP), enquanto a farinha de carne e ossos (78,44%) e a farinha de penas (78,52%) apresentaram os menores valores de DAP. Entre os alimentos de origem vegetal, o glúten de milho-60 (91,39%) e o farelo de soja (92,44%) apresentaram os maiores valores de DAP, enquanto o farelo de algodão-28, o menor valor (78,59%). A digestibilidade média aparente dos aminoácidos do farelo de soja, glúten de milho, farelo de algodão-28, farelo de algodão-38, farinha de peixe, farinha de carne e ossos, farinha de vísceras e farinha de penas, foi respectivamente, 92,33; 89,56; 73,45; 80,71; 88,89; 84,44; 91,24 e 79,71%, o qual se mostrou similar ao valor obtido para a digestibilidade da proteína.
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Guimarães, Igo Gomes 1982. "Digestibilidade aparente, pela tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), de alimentos extrusados /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95209.
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Orientador: Luiz Edivaldo PezzatoBanca: Dirlei Antonio Berto
Banca: Wilson Massamitu Furuya
Abstract: Instead Nile tilapia is one of the most cultured fish species in the world, amino acid availability values of feed ingredients are scarce for this specie. Thus, apparent amino acid availability coefficients and protein digestibility of four animal products (fish meal, meat and bone meal, poultry by-product and feather meal) and four plant protein-rich products (soybean meal, cottonseed meal 28, cottonseed meal 38 and corn gluten meal) were determined for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Ingredients were incorporated to a practical reference diet at a 7:3 ratio (70% of reference diet and 30% of test ingredient). Chromic oxide was used as external digestibility marker. Among animal products poultry by-product meal (89.73%) and fish meal (88.60%) presented the highest apparent protein digestibility (APD) while meat and bone meal (78.44%) and feather meal (78.52%) presented the lowest APD. Among plant protein-rich products corn gluten meal (91.39%) and soybean meal (92.44%) presented the highest APD values while cottonseed meal 28 presented the lowest APD (78.59%). Average apparent amino acid availability of feed ingredients were similar to protein digestibility with 92.33%, 89.56%, 73.45%, 80.71%, 88.89%, 84.44%, 91.24% e 79.71% values for soybean meal, corn gluten meal, cottonseed meal 28 and 38, fish meal, meat and bone meal, poultry by-product meal and feather meal, respectively.
Resumo: São escassos os valores de digestibilidade de aminoácidos dos alimentos para a tilápia do Nilo, apesar de ser uma das espécies mais cultivadas mundialmente. Desta forma, determinou-se, com a tilápia do Nilo, os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente dos aminoácidos e da proteína de oito alimentos protéicos: farinha de peixe, farinha de carne e ossos, farinha de vísceras de aves e, farinha de penas, farelo de soja, farelo de algodão-28, farelo de algodão-38 e, glúten de milho-60. Os alimentos foram incorporados a uma dieta prática referência na relação 7:3 (70,0% de dieta referência e 30,0% do alimento teste). Entre os alimentos de origem animal, a farinha de vísceras (89,73%) e a farinha de peixe (88,60%) apresentaram os maiores valores de digestibilidade aparente da proteína (DaP), enquanto a farinha de carne e ossos (78,44%) e a farinha de penas (78,52%) apresentaram os menores valores de DAP. Entre os alimentos de origem vegetal, o glúten de milho-60 (91,39%) e o farelo de soja (92,44%) apresentaram os maiores valores de DAP, enquanto o farelo de algodão-28, o menor valor (78,59%). A digestibilidade média aparente dos aminoácidos do farelo de soja, glúten de milho, farelo de algodão-28, farelo de algodão-38, farinha de peixe, farinha de carne e ossos, farinha de vísceras e farinha de penas, foi respectivamente, 92,33; 89,56; 73,45; 80,71; 88,89; 84,44; 91,24 e 79,71%, o qual se mostrou similar ao valor obtido para a digestibilidade da proteína.
Mestre
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Piccolo, Jaqueline. "OTIMIZAÇÃO DE FORMULAÇÕES DE SALSICHA MISTA PRODUZIDAS COM CARNE DE JUNDIÁ (Rhamdia quelen)." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5681.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoThis study evaluated the utilization of pulp obtained from filleting wastes and soybean fiber in the formulation of mixed red meat/fish sausages and was aimed at increasing the nutritional value of cooked sausages and making good use of agroindustrial byproducts. First we evaluated the effect of replacing red meat with silver catfish pulp obtained from filleting wastes (PFW 0, 25, 37 and 50% of total batter) on the nutritional, technological and sensory properties, as well as on the shelf life of sausages under refrigeration. The replacement yielded sensory acceptable cooked sausages both in a full-fat formulation (PFW-25%) and in a low-fat formulation (PFW- 37%). These formulations, especially the low-fat one had improved nutritional value (higher EPA+DHA content and lower n-6/n-3 ratio) and better technological characteristics than the full-fat red meat control sausage. The lipid oxidation during refrigerated storage was not accelerated by fish pulp. Although fish pulp did not increase total plate counts, some caution must be taken with the microbiological stability, since fish-containing sausages had slightly higher psychrotrophic counts during refrigerated storage. Secondly, aiming at enlarging the range of applications of agroindustrial by-products, we investigated the effect of soybean fiber (0, 1.6, 2.4, 3.8 and 4.5%) on the physiochemical, technological and sensory properties of low-fat meat/fish cooked sausages made with a pulp from silver catfish filleting wastes. Soybean fiber decreased the moisture and increased ash and protein content, with no changes in water activity or pH of sausages. All fiber-containing sausages had greater tendency to yellowness (higher b* value) and increased hardness, gumminess and chewiness, while the other changes in color (chroma and hue angle) and texture parameters (springiness and cohesiveness) were observed only in the formulations containing intermediate and higher soybean fiber levels. Soybean fiber reduced cooking loss and improved emulsion stability. Sensory evaluation revealed that up to 2.4% soybean dietary fiber (5.4% soybean fiber powder) can be added to low-fat meat/fish sausage formulations without changes in the overall acceptability. These results indicate that the pulp from silver catfish filleting wastes and soybean fiber can be used to develop novel healthier fish/meat sausages enriched in n-3 fatty acids and dietary fiber, with better technological properties, while keeping sensory characteristics similar to the conventional products.
Este trabalho avaliou o uso da polpa de resíduos da filetagem e da fibra de soja na elaboração de salsichas mistas de carne vermelha e pescado, com o objetivo de aumentar o valor nutricional de salsichas e viabilizar o aproveitamento de subprodutos agroindustriais. Primeiro avaliamos o efeito da substituição da carne vermelha com polpa obtida a partir de resíduos da filetagem de jundiá (PRF 0, 25, 37 e 50% da massa total) nas propriedades nutricionais, tecnológicas e sensoriais, assim como na vida útil salsichas armazenadas sob refrigeração. A substituição resultou em salsichas sensorialmente aceitáveis tanto em uma formulação com o teor convencional de gordura (PRF-25%) quanto em uma formulação com gordura reduzida (PRF-37%). Essas formulações, especialmente aquela com gordura reduzida, apresentaram um melhor valor nutritivo (maior conteúdo de EPA+DHA e menor razão n-6/n-3) e melhores características tecnológicas do que o controle com carne vermelha e teor convencional de gordura. A adição de polpa de pescado não acelerou a oxidação lipídica durante o armazenamento refrigerado. Embora a polpa de peixe não tenha aumentado a contagem de mesófilos, deve-se tomar cuidado com a estabilidade microbiológica, já que as formulações contendo a polpa de pescado apresentaram uma contagem de microorganismos psicrotróficos ligeiramente maior durante o armazenamento refrigerado. Secundariamente, visando ampliar o conjunto de aplicações dos subprodutos agroindustriais, nós investigamos o efeito da fibra de soja (0; 1,6; 2,4; 3,8 e 4,5%) nas propriedades físico-químicas, tecnológicas e sensoriais de salsichas de carne e polpa de resíduos da filetagem de jundiá formuladas com gordura reduzida. A fibra de soja diminuiu a umidade e aumentou o teor de cinzas e proteínas, sem alterar a atividade de água ou pH das salsichas. Todas as formulações contendo fibra apresentaram maior tendência ao amarelo (elevado valor de b*) e aumento da dureza, gomabilidade e mastigabilidade, enquanto que as outras alterações na cor (saturação e ângulo de cor) e textura (parâmetros de elasticidade e coesividade) foram observados somente nas formulações contendo níveis médios e superiores de fibra de soja. A fibra de soja reduziu a perda no cozimento e melhorou a estabilidade da emulsão. A avaliação sensorial revelou que até 2,4% de fibra alimentar (5,4% de pó de fibra de soja) pode ser adicionado às salsichas de carne/pescado com gordura reduzida, sem mudanças na sua aceitação global. Estes resultados indicam que a polpa de resíduos da filetagem do jundiá e a fibra de soja podem ser utilizadas no desenvolvimento de salsichas novas e mais saudáveis, à base de carne e pescado, enriquecidas em ácidos graxos n-3 e fibra alimentar, as quais apresentam com melhores propriedades tecnológicas, mas mantém características sensoriais similares aos produtos convencionais.
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Hauville, Marion R. "Larviculture and nutrition of three of Florida's high value food and stock enhancement finfish, common snook (Centropomus undecimalis), Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/20896.
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The main objective of this thesis was to gain new insights in three of Florida’s high value food and stock enhancement finfish nutrition (Common snook, Florida pompano and red drum) to improve larviculture protocols. The main bottleneck in snook production is the extremely low larval survival rate, which hinders subsequent research. This work first focused on the source of the larvae by looking at potential nutritional deficiencies in captive broodstock. The lipid composition of wild and captive common snook broodstock were compared to identify disparities and gain the information necessary for the formulation of a suitable diet for captive stocks. Results showed that captive snook lipid content was significantly higher than that of wild fish. However, cholesterol and arachidonic acid (ARA) levels were significantly lower compared to wild broodstock, with potential impact on steroid and prostaglandin production, reproductive behavior and gametogenesis. Eggs from captive broodstock incorporated high docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) levels and low ARA levels. Consequently, ARA/EPA ratio in captive eggs was more than half of that in wild eggs (2.3 ± 0.6 and 0.9 ± 0.1 respectively), with a probable perturbation in eicosanoid production and adverse effects on embryo and larval development. The large differences observed between wild and captive broodstock most likely contributed to the reproductive dysfunctions observed in captive snook broodstock (e.g. incomplete oocyte maturation, low milt production and poor egg quality). In addition, the presence of hydrocarbons was detected in the liver of most of the wild snook sampled. This requires further investigation to identify the source of the contamination, monitor a potential impact on reproductive performances and protect the species habitat. Another major bottleneck in marine fish rearing occurs during the transition from endogenous feeding to exogenous feeding, with mass mortality events linked to inadequate first feeding diets. To gain insight on the early fatty acid requirements and mobilization of pompano and snook larvae, the pattern of conservation and loss of fatty acids from the yolk sac during the endogenous feeding period and subsequent starvation was studied. In both species, fatty acids were utilized as an energy source after hatching. Mono-unsaturated fatty acids were catabolized, while saturated and poly-unsaturated fatty acids were conserved. High levels of arachidonic acid (ARA) in pompano and snook eggs (respectively 2.44 ± 0.1 and 5.43 ± 0.3 % of total fatty acids), as well as selective retention in the unfed larvae, suggested a high dietary requirement for this fatty acid during the early stages of larval development. The effect of an ARA supplementation was therefore investigated in snook larvae at the rotifer feeding stage. Larvae receiving the supplementation did incorporate higher levels of ARA, and DHA/EPA and ARA/EPA ratios were successfully modified to match those observed in wild eggs. No significant improvements in growth or survival were observed, however the success in fatty acid profile modification suggest a possible impact of the supplementation on a longer period of time and a possible effect on stress resistance. Probiotics have been shown to enhance larval performances of several species and this strategy was therefore investigated to evaluate a potential impact on Florida pompano, red drum and common snook larvae. The effect of a commercial mix of Bacillus sp. was studied on larval survival, growth and digestive enzyme activities. Larvae were fed either live feed enriched with Algamac 3050 (Control), Algamac 3050 and probiotics (PB), or the previous diet combined with a daily addition of probiotics to the tank water (PB+). Microbiological analyses were performed at the end of the pompano trial. Numbers of presumptive Vibrio sp. were low and not statistically different between treatments, therefore no additional microbiological analyses were performed on the system. At the end of the pompano and snook trial, standard lengths of larvae from the PB and PB+ treatments were significantly greater than for the control larvae. For both pompano and snook, trypsin specific activity was higher in PB and PB+ larvae compared to the control larvae. Similarly, alkaline phosphatase activity was higher for the pompano larvae fed the PB and PB+ treatments and for the snook larvae fed the PB+ treatment compared to the control larvae. No enhancement of growth or digestive enzymes activities was observed in red drum larvae. Yet, no negative effects were noticed and a longer trial period and the study of additional parameters could reveal different effects. In all three species, survival was not affected by the supplementation; however, stress exposure should be further investigated as the supplementation may strengthen the larvae, especially pompano and snook larvae where the Bacillus sp. supplementation appears to promote growth through an early maturation of the digestive system. Another key challenge in marine fish larval rearing resides in weaning the larvae onto dry micro-diets. This step is commonly concurrent with larvae metamorphosis into juveniles, with extensive morphological and physiological changes that are likely to influence nutritional requirements. In the present project, three microdiets were tested on weaning of Florida pompano larvae: Otohime, Gemma and a reference diet LR803. The experimental system was stocked with 11-day-old larvae, which were co-fed micro-diets and live food from 11 dph to 17 dph then micro-diets only until 28 dph. Survival from 11 dph to 28 dph was similar for all treatments, with an average of 33 %. At the end of the trial, the Gemma larvae were significantly longer and heavier than larvae fed the other diets. Fatty acid composition of the diets and larvae varied significantly between treatments. The Gemma larvae incorporated the lowest amount of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA). However, they presented the highest DHA/EPA and ARA/EPA ratios, supporting the concept that the proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids are of greater importance than their absolute amount. Results from the enzyme analysis showed that fishmeal is a suitable main source of protein for Florida pompano larvae and demonstrated the full functionality of the pancreas at 16 days post hatch. These results provide the basis of a suitable weaning diet for pompano larvae and indicate the possibility of a weaning time prior to 16 days post hatch, which is of high interest in commercial production. Overall, this research provides new data on common snook, pompano and red drum nutritional requirements with results that can be directly applied to help overcome major bottlenecks in the hatchery phase and improve rearing protocols.
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Rocha, Joana D'Arc Mauricio. "Hidrolisado proteico de pescado em dietas para alevinos de tilápia do Nilo." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2014. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3821.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The growing demand for aquaculture feed of excellent nutritional quality to maximize the performance of animals raised. However, stagnation and decreased availability of ingredients that fulfill the nutritional requirements of the fish depend on both the nutritional equivalent substitutes as financial environment. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the inclusion of fish protein hydrolyzate in diets for fingerlings of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. 300 fish (5.4 ± 0.9 g) were distributed in a completely randomized in 20 polythene containers of 250 L with five treatments and four replicates were used design. Vegetable diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric consists of corn, corn gluten meal, wheat bran, soybean meal and soybean oil were added and the levels of hydrolyzed fish and one control diet (0%) and four test feed containing 1, 2, 3 and 4% fish protein hydrolyzate, based on dry matter. The animals were fed to satiation four times daily for 112 days. At the end of the experimental period, the animals were measured and weighed to determine the final weight, total length, survival rate, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and condition factor. Levels hydrolyzed influenced the productive aspects of the Nile tilapia, which by quadratic regression we estimate the optimal inclusion of 1.79% for final weight, 1.77% to gain weight, 1.75% to rate and the specific growth rate to 1.97% protein efficiency. However, it is suggested to Nile tilapia inclusion of 1.78% of fish protein hydrolyzate for better productive performance.
O crescimento da aquicultura demanda por rações de excelente qualidade nutricional que maximizem o desempenho dos animais criados. No entanto, a estagnação e diminuição da disponibilidade de ingredientes que supram as necessidades nutricionais dos peixes dependem de substitutos equivalentes tanto no contexto nutricional quanto financeiro. Dessa forma, o presente estudo visa avaliar a inclusão de hidrolisado proteico de pescado em dietas para alevinos de tilápia do Nilo Oreochormis niloticus. Foram utilizados 300 peixes (5,4 ± 0,9 g), distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em 20 caixas de polietileno de 250 L com cinco tratamentos e quatro réplicas. As rações vegetais foram formuladas de forma a serem isoproteicas e isoenergéticas constituída por milho, glúten de milho, farelo de trigo, farelo de soja e óleo de soja e foram acrescidas de níveis de hidrolisado de pescado sendo uma ração controle (0 %) e quatro rações teste contendo 1, 2, 3 e 4% de hidrolisado proteico de pescado, com base na matéria seca. Os animais foram alimentados até a saciedade aparente quatro vezes ao dia por 112 dias. Ao término do período experimental, os animais foram medidos e pesados para determinação do peso final, comprimento total final, taxa de sobrevivência, ganho em peso, taxa de crescimento específico, conversão alimentar aparente e fator de condição. Os níveis de hidrolisado influenciaram os aspectos produtivos dos alevinos de tilápia do Nilo, onde através da regressão quadrática estima-se a inclusão ótima de 1,79% para peso final, 1,77% para ganho em peso, 1,75% para taxa de crescimento especifico e 1,97% para taxa de eficiência proteica. Contudo, sugere-se para alevinos de tilápia do Nilo a inclusão de 1,78% de hidrolisado proteico de pescado para melhor performance produtiva.
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Le, Vay Lewis. "Nutritional studies on fish and crustacean larvae." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/nutritional-studies-on-fish-and-crustacean-larvae(7c8004f1-ea27-4a8e-9d38-30c32f9ace4f).html.
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The effects of live foods and microencapsulated diets on growth, survival, body composition and digestive physiology of fish (mirror carp, Cyprinus =LQ) and penaeid shrimp ftna= japQnim) larvae were examined. Raising the lipid content of a microencapsulated enrichment diet from 18.3% to 33.6% improved accumulation of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) and total lipid in rotifers. Lipids in rotifers were assimilated by carp larvae, as demonstrated by improved growth and accumulation of HUFA in larvae reared on rotifers pre-fed the "high-lipid" diet. Poor diet digestibility coupled with low ingestion rates and low digestive enzyme activity in larvae were identified as contributing to the failure of a microencapsulated diet to support good growth and survival when fed directly to first-feeding carp. Preliminary testing indicates that digestibility of microencapsulated diets for fish larvae can be improved by inclusion of pancreatin. Experiments with Penaeus japonicus indicate that dietary requirements for protein, energy and HUFA by penaeid larvae are lower than previously thought. Foods of low protein content (Chaetoceros gladlia) or low digestibility (microencapsulated diet) elicited high trypsin activity in mysis larvae, compared to those fed Artemia. Larvae receiving both C , gmcilis and Artemi exhibited an intermediate level of trypsin activity - which may explain the superior growth and protein retention in postlarvae reared on the mixed regime. A microencapsulated diet did not support growth and carbon and nitrogen retention equivalent to that in larvae fed live food, despite the strong trypsin response, in mysis larvae. When used together with a low density of _C, p-racilis the microencapsulated diet produced postlarvae of the same size and tissue composition as those reared using live food. It is suggested that the algal co-feed may enhance growth through stimulation of trypsin secretion, supply of extra digestible nutrients or provision of unidentified specific growth enhancing factor(s).
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Maghaydah, Sofyan. "Utilization of fish processing by-products for nutritional formulation of fish feed." Online version, 2003. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2003/2003maghaydahs.pdf.
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Maruf, W. F. "Chemical and nutritional evaluation of Indonesian dried-salted fish." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234715.
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Marushka, Lesya. "Fish Consumption and Nutritional Health among First Nations in Canada." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38453.
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Traditional food is fundamental for the cultural identity, mental and spiritual well-being, and physical and nutritional health of First Nations in Canada. Rapid environment changes including environmental contamination and degradation, climate change, urbanization and industry growth reduce the availability and diversity of traditional foods. This is concomitant with changing lifestyle and an increased prevalence of malnutrition, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The goal of this thesis is to investigate the roles of traditional fish consumption for First Nations’ health in the complex interplays between environmental contaminant exposure, climate change, and food and nutrition security. Data collected from the First Nations Food Nutrition and Environment Study were used. The thesis is comprised of seven chapters presented in three sections.
Section 1 addressed the importance of traditional fish consumption for food and nutritional security among First Nations in Canada. With increased income-related food insecurity, First Nations rely more on traditional foods including fish and participate more in fishing and other traditional practices. Nevertheless, many factors such as climate change, governmental restrictions, hydro and forestry operations continue to reduce the availability of traditional fish and access to traditional food sources, land and waterways.
Section 2 explored the associations between locally-harvested fish consumption, long chain omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA) intake and dietary exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POP) with type 2 diabetes in First Nations in Canada. Dietary POP exposure was positively associated with the prevalence of type 2 diabetes whereas fish consumption (n-3 FA) showed protective dose-response associations. Furthermore, we found that relatively high POP exposure from fish may outweigh the protective associations of fish on type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the balance of risks and benefits associated with fish consumption is highly dependent on the regional POP concentrations in fish.
Section 3 entailed studies on the nutritional benefits of seafood consumption and modelling potential impacts of the climate-related decline in seafood abundance on the nutritional quality of adult diets and cardiovascular health among coastal First Nations in British Columbia. We estimated that projected climate change may reduce the intakes of essential nutrients by 21%– 31% by 2050 relative to 2000. Moreover, hypothetical substitution of seafood with alternative non-traditional foods would not provide adequate amounts of nutrients. Reduced fish consumption and consequent n-3 FAs intake may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases in First Nations.
Our findings provide important information for communities, fishery governance, local resource managers and public health professionals to promote traditional food systems, nutritional health, food security, and food sovereignty in Canadian First Nations.
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Skonberg, Denise. "A nutritional approach to reduce phosphorus pollution in hatchery effluent /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5304.
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Coombs, Isabel Alexander. "Nutritional physiology of turbot Scophthalmus maximus (L.) : implications to aquaculture." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245324.
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Clarke, Emily Jane. "Nutritional value of soya beans for broiler chicks." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366471.
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Rehman, Salim-Ur. "Factors influencing quality and nutritional value in chapaties." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1994. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23309.
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Chapati, an unleavened flat bread, is a staple in the diet in Pakistan. Wheat in the form of chapati can contribute as much as 90% of the total dietary energy intake to the rural population and generally provides more than half dietary energy and protein. Such a heavy dependence on this cereal food has led to protein malnutrition due to wheat proteins being deficient in lysine, an essential amino acid. The aim of this study was to produce savoury chapati with enhanced nutritional value. Attitudes to a variety of savoury flavours were determined in consumers of Pakistan and in immigrants to Glasgow. Chicken and meaty were most and cheesy least preferred. Amongst chapati quality characters, nutritional value was rated highest followed by flavour. These studies suggested that consumers favoured a product with appropriate flavour, a soft texture and of high nutritional value. Typically chapaties are prepared with wholemeal flours with medium rheological optima. Doughs of British wheat varieties Fresco and Galahad (33+67) and Mercia and Galahad (50+50) had moderate stickiness, high sheeting ability, and were low in shrinkage after sheeting. Such suitable mixtures yielded flours suitable for chapati production. Wheat protein profiles were determined by electrophoresis and relationships between proteins and rheological properties determined with partial least squares regression (PLS2). Dough development time was positively correlated with aggregated values of high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) glutenins, ratio of polymeric to monomeric and LMW glutenins, and negatively correlated with the total of gliadin, globulin and albumin fractions. Dough stability showed negative and tolerance index positive correlations with gliadin. Resistance to extension was associated with dough stability and inversely with gliadin content. Such studies reveal that glutenin contributes strength and gliadin imparts weakness to flour. Response surface methodology, used to optimise chapa ties , revealed that a successful savoury product could be produced by incorporating 1.5 to 2.0 % yeast extract without any deleterious effect on dough physical characteristics. Yeast extract enhanced the concentrations of protein from 13.1 % to 14.4 % in chapati. In addition to enhanced nutritional value, yeast extract imparted a desirable savoury flavour to chapati.
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Matos, Bárbara Cartagena da Silva. "Do sea otters according to prey's nutritional value?" Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17176.
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Mestrado em Ecologia AplicadaA Teoria do Forrageio Ótimo propõe que o estímulo nutricional na escolha de presas e busca de alimento em carnívoros é o ganho energético. Em contraste, pesquisas recentes sugerem que os carnívoros selecionam presas que fornecem uma dieta com um equilíbrio específico de macronutrientes (gordura, proteína, hidratos de carbono), ao invés do maior conteúdo energético. Para este efeito, as escolhas de presas de lontras-marinhas (Enhydra lutris) que habitam Sitka Sound no sudeste do Alasca, foram estudadas durante os meses de maio a agosto de 2016. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram: 1) descrever a dieta das lontras-marinhas em Sitka Sound; 2) descrever o valor nutricional das suas presas; 3) comparar diferenças na escolha de presas de acordo com o sexo; e 4) avaliar e comparar o valor nutricional das presas com as escolhas das lontras-marinhas. Os dados de observação foram coletados oportunisticamente, através de uma plataforma de oportunidade. As presas de lontras-marinhas foram capturadas em áreas arbitrárias de Sitka Sound, e analisadas quanto à sua percentagem em lípidos (teor de gordura) e calorias (densidade de energia). O consumo de presas foi significativamente diferente: as amêijoas foram as presas mais consumidas (68,6%), seguidos pelos ouriços-do-mar (14,3%), vieiras (5,7%), pepinos-do-mar (5,7%), caranguejos (2,9%) e estrelas-do-mar (2,9%). Além disso, os resultados revelaram uma significativa diversidade no conteúdo de gordura e densidade energética entre presas de lontra-marinha. O abalone registou maior teor de densidade energética, seguido pelas vieiras, enquanto que os ouriços-do-mar registaram maior teor em lípidos. A escolha de presas e a ingestão de nutrientes não diferiram significativamente entre machos e fêmeas, no entanto, os machos de lontras-marinhas consumiram mais moluscos do que as fêmeas, enquanto que as fêmeas consumiram mais ouriços-do-mar do que os machos. O trabalho sobre nutrição em carnívoros é preliminar, e estes resultados fornecem um ponto de partida para futuras pesquisas. As respostas a estas questões não só terão implicações significativas na gestão das populações de predadores e das comunidades ecológicas de que fazem parte, mas também acrescentarão informações importantes sobre a biologia de predadores que até agora foram negligenciadas. Além disso, os conflitos nas comunidades sobre os impactos que as lontras-marinhas têm na pesca comercial no sudeste do Alasca, não podem ser ignorados. Compreender as escolhas de presas de lontras-marinhas pode fornecer previsões de como a pesca pode ser afetada, de acordo com o crescimento da população de lontras nesta área, a fim de ajudar políticos, membros da comunidade e pescadores comerciais, a responder em conformidade.
Foraging theory proposes that the nutritional driver of prey choice and foraging in carnivores is energy gain. In contrast, recent research suggests that carnivores select prey that provides a diet with a specific balance of macronutrients (fat, protein, carbohydrates), rather than the highest energy content. To this effect, the prey choices of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) inhabiting Sitka Sound, in southeast Alaska, were studied during the months of May-August of 2016. The goals of this research were to 1) describe sea otter’s diet in Sitka Sound; 2) describe the nutritional value of sea otters’ prey items; 3) compare differences in prey choice according to sex; and 4) evaluate and compare prey’s nutritional value with sea otter’s prey choices. Foraging observational data were collected opportunistically on a boat-based platform of opportunity. Sea otter’s main prey were captured in arbitrary areas of Sitka Sound, and analyzed for percentage in lipids (fat content), and calories (energy density). Prey consumption was significantly different: clams were the most frequently consumed prey (68,6%), followed by sea urchins (14,3%), scallops (5,7%), sea cucumbers (5,7%), crabs (2,9%) and sea stars (2,9%). Also, the results revealed a significant diversity in content of fat and energy density between sea otter prey specimens. Abalone ranked first on content of energy density, followed by scallops, while sea urchins recorded the highest lipid content. Prey choice and nutrient intake were not significant different between male and female sea otters, nevertheless, males consumed more clams than females, while females consumed more sea urchins than males. The work on carnivore nutrition is preliminary, and these results provide a starting point for future work. Answers to such questions not only will have significant implications for managing predator populations and the ecological communities of which they are a part, but will also add important information on predator biology that has been neglected so far. Moreover, communities’ conflicts over the impacts sea otters are having on commercial shellfisheries in southeast Alaska cannot be overlooked. Understanding sea otter’s prey choices may provide information and predictions of how fisheries may be affected as the sea otter population grows in this area, in order to help decision makers, policy makers, community members, and commercial fishermen respond accordingly.
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Chaudhry, Abdul Shakoor. "Nutritional improvements of cereal straws." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279301.
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Blake, Evelyn Christina. "The effect of drying on the protein nutritional quality of fish." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328807.
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Salze, Guillaume Pierre. "Nutritional control of gene expression, larval development and physiology in fish." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29655.
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During preliminary research on cobia (Rachycentron canadum, L.) it became increasingly clear that more in-depth information was required to provide enabling techniques for the cobia aquaculture industry to develop more rapidly. A unifying theme in many of the more important issues facing cobia aquaculture is nutrition. This led to nutritional investigations with larval and juvenile fish highlighting the impacts of dietary ingredients on animal performance. Indeed, nutrition can be viewed as a central lever of action through which many aspects of the physiology and the environmental (water) quality of the animal can be controlled.
The first project focused on studying the larval development of cobia, a fish species highly suitable for aquaculture for which the industry is nascent. I described the time-course of development of external sensory organs, gut morphology and relevant digestive enzymes under controlled conditions using electron microscopy, histology and spectrophotometric assays. The developmental sequence of larval cobia could be separated in two phases, with a transition period between 12 and 14 days post hatch (dph). This transition is characterized by the formation of the intestinal loop, the establishment of basic cranial neuromast configuration, leading to the initiation of the onset of pancreatic enzymes and the increase of growth rate. In addition, the effects of dietary taurine supplementation and incorporation of mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) into live feeds on cobia larvae development was examined. Fish fed supplementary MOS did not grow faster but displayed higher microvilli length and density. In addition, MOS-fed fish were more resistant to salinity stress. The dietary supplementation of taurine resulted in a dramatic increase in survival, growth and development rates, and enzymatic activities.
The second project aimed at refining cobia juvenile nutrition, assessing fish meal and fish oil replacements. Novel sources, including soy protein and oil, were investigated with and without amino acid and MOS supplementations, yielding promising results. Indeed, both fish meal and fish oil were replaced completely and successfully in feeds for juvenile cobia. In addition, novel ingredients (e.g. marine algae meals and soy protein concentrate) were identified to effectively achieve such replacement.
The third and last project dealt with nutrient-gene interactions, specifically centering attention on immunostimulants for which the underlying mechanisms of action remain poorly characterized. Here, dietary MOS, nucleotides and selenomethionine (Se-met) were offered to zebrafish whose transcriptome was analyzed by microarray. The immune system, humoral or cellular, innate or adaptive, exhibited different patterns of response according to the immunostimulating nutrient used. In addition, various genes involved in cell cycle and cytokinesis were concomitantly expressed. An intriguing observation related to the insulinomimetic effect of Se-met. In other words, Se-met impacted pathways normally regulated by insulin, such as the MAPK and PI3K pathways. Some Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGF) and IGF bindgin proteins were up-regulated. Additional research is however necessary prior to advocating for the use of these additives, in order to further investigate their respective pros and cons.Ph. D.
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Abdel-Muttalab, Salah Ahmed. "Nutritional value of rapeseed and faba bean for poultry." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283076.
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D'Souza, Frances M. L. "The nutritional value of microalgae to penaeid prawn larvae." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1997. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36935/1/36935_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.
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This is the first study to investigate the nutritional requirements of the penaeid prawn protozoeal phase (the first feeding stage of the prawn life cycle) using micro algae to provide different nutritional conditions.
The work was a simultaneous examination of the biochemical
composition of the larvae and their microalgal diets. In addition, the influence of naupliar composition on later larval stages was studied. The biochemical parameters measured were total protein, lipid and carbohydrate (i.e. gross biochemical composition) and total lipid was further resolved into individual fatty acids.
The nutritional requirements of penaeid prawn larvae were assessed by measuring the survival, development (metamorphosis) and growth (in terms of dry weight) of larvae in response to various algal diets. In
this way differences in survival, development and growth could be related to biochemical differences in the algal diets and associated larval body composition.
The changes in biochemical composition of *Penaeus japonicus* and *P. monodon* larvae during metamorphosis from nauplii to protozoea 1 (PZl) and the time course of these changes during starvation and feeding for the ~42 h period that the PZl stage lasts, were examined. The larvae utilised lipid as a major energy source during metamorphosis. The fatty acid fraction of the lipid in nauplii was high
(60 to 80%) compared with protozoeae (30 to 60%) and provided a large proportion of the energy required for metamorphosis. Of the total fatty acids, the monounsaturated (MUFAs) and saturated fatty
acids contributed most of this energy. During starvation the MUFAs and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUPAs) were metabolised while the highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) were conserved, presumably because of their role as structural components in cell membranes. The
PUFA linoleic acid (18:2n-6) appeared to have a role as a component of cell membranes when in short supply, but it accumulated as an energy reserve when in excess in the diet. Linolenic acid (18:3n-3) was actively metabolised to other membrane fatty acids or used for energy.
The effect of altering the biochemical composition of the microalga
*Tetraselmis suecica* on *P. semisulcatus* larvae was studied by reducing the nitrate concentration from -1760 μ*M* to 176 μ*M* in the culture media. Carbohydrate increased three fold in the low nitrate algae, and protein and lipid were reduced slightly compared to the control. The
low protein:energy ratio (0.1 to 0.2) of the low nitrate diets resulted in a delay in the development of the larvae compared to that of the animals fed the control diet (ratio 0.3 to 0.4). Survival was not affected by the algal diets.
Four species of algae (*Tetraselmis suecica*, *Chaetoceros muelleri*, Tahitian *Isochrysis* sp. (T-iso) and *Dunaliella tertiolecta*) differing predominantly in their fatty acid composition were fed to *P. japonicas* larvae as single species diets. The two best diets (in terms of growth
and survival of the prawn larvae) were subsequently fed in combination to *P. semisulcatus* and *P. monodon* larvae to assess their nutritional value as part of a mixed diet. The survival and development to mysis 1 (M1), i.e. performance, of the larvae was affected by the algal diets
such that the diets could be ranked: *C. muelleri* > *T. suecica* > *Isochrysis* sp. (T-iso) > *D. tertiolecta*. The fatty acid profiles of the algae, particularly those of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-6), were related to those of the larvae and
their performance. The presence of both of these fatty acids in the algal diet was necessary to produce high performance whereas docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) was not. The low requirements for the PUPAs 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 were modulated by the presence of HUFAs such as 20:4n-6, 20:5n-6 and 22:6n-3. Therefore when these HUFAs were present in the diet, less 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 were required. However high proportions of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 alone, did not
replace the requirements for 20:4n-6, 20:5n-6 and 22:6n-3.
Understanding the nutritional requirements of penaeid prawn larvae will lead to the production of a cost effective and optimum diet for use in hatcheries. In addition, this research will contribute to the production of a purified artificial diet for penaeid prawn larvae which can be used to examine the requirements for other nutrients.
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Qiao, Yanrui. "Routine techniques for monitoring the nutritional value of animal meals." NCSU, 2001. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20011030-112347.
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Feed mills demand routine techniques to analyze digestible amino acids in highly variable animal meals. As routine tools, infrared spectroscopic predictions of digestible amino acids require reference samples assayed in vivo. Lack of reference samples resulting from costly and time-consuming in vivo assays has limited infrared spectroscopic applications. To remove this limitation, an in vitro assay mimicking in vivo digestion in swine was sought as a replacement to build the reference database.
Pepsin and pancreatic proteases used in the in vitro assays produce autolysates that are assayed as digestible amino acids. To correct this contamination and define incubation time for efficient use of the proteases, the autolysis of these proteases was studied. Correction of enzyme contamination with enzyme blank incubations and incubation time of 24 hours for pepsin and 96 hours for pancreatic proteases were proposed (Chapter III and IV).
In vitro digestion focused on maximal hydrolysis of peptide bonds with minimal enzyme usages for restriction of enzyme contamination. The minimal enzyme usage was determined to be 6.5% (enzyme to substrate ratio) (Chapter V).
Study on absorption of peptides in swine revealed that all soluble in vitro peptides could be estimated as digestible in vivo. Average in vitro digestibility coefficients were comparable to in vivo for a number of amino acids but mismatch occurred for individual samples. In vivo digestible amino acids, though, could be predicted with in vitro digestible amino acids. For example, lysine was predicted with an error of 0.27% (Chapter VI).
Total and digestible amino acids were predicted with near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) and mid infrared Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) but not with Raman spectroscopy. Infrared spectroscopic prediction errors for digestible lysine were 0.27% for near infrared spectroscopy and 0.26% for mid infrared spectroscopy. Total amino acids seemed better predicted than digestible amino acids by infrared spectroscopy (Chapter VII).
The study showed that as routine techniques, infrared spectroscopy could potentially replace both in vivo and wet chemical analyses of amino acids.
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Ряшко, Галина Михайлівна, and Вікторія Миколаївна Шелудько. "DESIGNING OF BAKING AREA SPECIALIZING ON HIGH NUTRITIONAL VALUE PRODUCTS." Thesis, Прага, 2021. http://dspace.puet.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10725.
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Ряшко, Галина Михайлівна, and Вікторія Миколаївна Шелудько. "Designing of baking area specializing on high nutritional value products." Thesis, Oktan Print, 2021. http://dspace.puet.edu.ua/handle/123456789/11027.
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Mundie, Benjamin Scott. "Nutritional Value of Warm- and Cool-Season Grasses for Ruminants." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42804.
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A metabolism trial was conducted to compare the nutritional value of: 1)â Quickstandâ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], 2)caucasian bluestem [Bothriochloa caucasia (Trin.) C.E. Hubb], 3)tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and 4)orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). The warm-season grasses (bermudagrass and bluestem) were higher (P < .01) in fiber components than the cool-season grasses (tall fescue and orchardgrass). Bluestem was lower (P < .001) in CP, hemicellulose, and ash, and higher in NDF (P < .001), ADF (P < .001), cellulose (P < .001), and lignin (P < .01) than bermudagrass. The warm-season grasses were lower in the apparent digestibility of DM (P < .001), NDF (P < .01), ADF (P < .05), cellulose (P < .05), and hemicellulose (P < .01) than cool-season grasses. Apparent digestibility of NDF (P < .001), ADF (P < .001), cellulose (P < .01), and hemicellulose (P < .01) was higher for bluestem than bermudagrass. Fescue was higher (P < .001) in apparent digestibility of DM and CP and lower (P < .01) in apparent digestibility of NDF, ADF, cellulose, and hemicellulose than orchardgrass. Lambs fed bluestem had lower (P < .05) N retention than those fed bermudagrass, when expressed as g/d. Lambs fed fescue had higher (P < .001) N retention, than those fed orchardgrass. When expressed as a percent of intake or absorption, N retention values were similar among treatments. The results of this study suggest that cool-season grasses are of higher nutritional value than warm-season grasses.Master of Science
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Issa, Salissou. "Nutritional value of sorghum for poultry feed in West Africa." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/2322.
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Patula, Samuel. "THE EFFECT OF NUTRITIONAL PROGRAMMING ON GUT MICROBIOTA IN BROODSTOCK AND PROGENY FISH." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2805.
Full textAbstract:
Aquaculture is currently the fastest growing animal production sector. Because the aquaculture sector is growing at rapid rates, certain materials for feed, specifically marine protein sources, are becoming increasingly expensive and unsustainable. To counteract the reliance on fishmeal (FM) and other marine protein sources in the industry plant protein (PP), specifically soybean meal (SBM), has been investigated to replace FM as a protein source. Unfortunately, SBM when given in high quantities (greater than 30%) has been shown to negatively affect fish performance including retarded growth, intestinal inflammation, reduction of spawn quality, as well as dysbiosis in the gut microbiome, most likely due to presence of antinutritional factors such as saponins and tannins in SBM. The goal of this thesis was to investigate the effect of nutritional programming (NP) with SBM-based diet on gut microbiota in broodstock and progeny fish. Three feedings trials were conducted to test the efficacy of 3 approaches towards improving the use of PP in fish.The first trial (Chapter 2), tested the effect of NP on larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). NP is the theory of introducing an early nutritional stimulus to an animal that will ‘program’ the animal to better utilize the stimuli later in its adult life. The zebrafish were programmed in their larval stages, and the trial lasted for 65 days. There was a significant effect on growth performance for the programmed group (NP-PP) in terms of weight gains, as the NP-PP group grew better compared to the non-programmed group (NP-FM) and negative control (-control). There was no significant effect on the gut microbiome in terms of alpha or beta diversity, however, there were significant changes in the relative abundance (RA) of the gut microbiome throughout time in the NP-PP and the NP-FM groups. The findings of the study support that early NP of zebrafish with SBM improves growth performance on PP diet, but the gut microbiome does not seem to be a mechanism for NP.The second feeding trial (Chapter 3) focused on NP induced in the zebrafish broodstock with dietary SBM. For two weeks, the broodstock fish were fed with either a SBM diet or a FM diet so that gametogenesis occurred with either a FM or PP diet. This phase was called the ‘broodstock programming’ stage. The broodstock were then spawned, and the larval fish were separated into four different treatments: 1) SBM broodstock progeny, fed SBM for the entire trial (PPBS-PP) 2) SBM broodstock progeny fed FM the entire trial (PPBS-FM), 3) FM broodstock progeny fed FM the entire trial (+ control, FMBS-FM), and 4) FM broodstock progeny fed SBM the entire trial (- control, FMBS-PP). The PPBS-PP group achieved similar weight gains compared to all other treatments in terms of grams, but was numerically greater than the FMBS-PP treatment. There were no differences detected in gut microbiome alpha or beta diversity in any of the groups, however, there was significant change observed of certain bacterial phyla between the ‘programmed broodstock’, larval fish, and fish at the end of the trial, 48 days post hatch. Overall, this trial suggests that parental programming does not improve PP utilization in the progeny of zebrafish. It also appears that the gut microbiome is not a mechanism of parental programming. The third feeding trial (Chapter 4), was conducted on largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). This chapter had a similar experimental design as the first trial (Chapter 2), and larval largemouth bass were programmed with dietary SBM. This trial had an additional group added to it, which included a dietary saponin-programmed group. The study found that the NP with SBM diet or dietary saponin did not improve PP utilization and growth performance of largemouth bass in its pre-adult age. The study also found that the NP with SBM diet or dietary saponin did not have any effect on the largemouth bass gut microbiome, and there does not seem to be any gut microbiome modification associated with the NP in this fish species. Overall, NP can be used to improve dietary PP utilization but optimal timing and PP delivery method must be well assessed to ensure successful PP exposure and adaptation in different species. Nevertheless, the gut microbiome does not seem to be affected by NP and therefore is not considered the mechanism behind NP. Finally, studies on both zebrafish and largemouth bass presented major shifts in the gut microbiome as the fish aged. In addition, the core microbiomes of both species appeared to become more pronounced as the fish become adults. There seem to be an evolutionary tie between host and its gut microbiome. More studies, however, should further investigate this and the genetic effects on gut microbiota development and its heritability.
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Adebiyi, Adekunle Olalekan. "The nutritional value for poultry and pigs of biofuel co-products." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5432/.
Full textAbstract:
A total of five studies were conducted to determine the nutritional value of co-products of bioethanol production for poultry and pigs. The objective in the first study was to evaluate the relationship between the chemical components of maize- and wheat distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) as well as develop prediction equations for indispensable amino acids (IAA), total indispensable amino acid (TIAA) and total amino acid (TAA) contents using nutrient composition data available in literature. The relationship between the chemical constituents of maize- and wheat-DDGS and associated probability values were determined by correlation analysis. Prediction models for determining the IAA, TIAA and TAA contents of maize- and wheat-DDGS from their crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) contents were developed using step-wise multiple regression analyses. Maximum improvement in adjusted r2 (adj r2) and reduction in Mallows Cp were the model selection criteria. The chemical composition of maize- and wheat-DDGS varied among sources with coefficient of variation (CV) ranging from 8.5% to 53.5% for total P and Ca respectively in maize-DDGS and 10.5% to 36.1% for CP and acid detergent fibre (ADF) in wheat-DDGS respectively. Of the IAA, Lys, Met and Trp were most variable in maize-DDGS with CV of 13.1%, 12.0%, 10.3%, respectively, whereas Lys, Phe and Met were the most variable IAA in wheat-DDGS with CV of 20.2%, 17.3%, and 16.9%, respectively. For maize-DDGS, there were positive correlations (P < 0.05) between CP and CF, NDF, Ca, ash (r ranged from 0.45 and 0.61). Adjusted r2 ranged from 0.57 to 0.99 in the best models for predicting the IAA in maize- and wheat-DDGS from CP and AA. Except for Trp and Lys, the IAA contents of maize- and wheat-DDGS can be predicted from their CP content alone. The best models for predicting TIAA and TAA in maize-DDGS included Arg, His and Leu (adj r2= 0.98) and His, Leu and Trp (adj r2= 0.90) respectively, the regression equations being TIAA (% DM) = 0.77 + 1.36 (Arg) + 3.87 (His) + 1.99 (Val) and TAA = -3.03 + 14.1 (His) + 3.79 (Leu) + 23.4 (Trp) respectively. For wheat-DDGS, the best three variables for predicting TIAA were Arg, Leu and Val (adj r2=0.99), the regression equation being TIAA (% DM) = -0.07 + 1.11 (Arg) + 0.99 (Leu) + 5.02 (Val). Predicted values were close to actual values in the prediction models for IAA, TIAA and TAA. It was concluded that the IAA, TIAA and TAA contents of both maize- and wheat-DDGS can be predicted from their CP contents with high accuracy. In the second study, the nutritional value of wheat-DDGS without- or with exogenous enzymes for broiler was determined using three experiments. The N-corrected- and apparent metabolisable energy contents (AMEn and AME, respectively) without- or with added admixture of xylanase, amylase and protease (XAP) was determined in experiment 1, true P digestibility without- or with supplemental phytase was determined in experiment 2, whereas the apparent- or standardised ileal digestibility (AID and SID, respectively) of AA without- or with added protease was determined in experiment 3. Birds were fed a nutrient adequate pre-experimental diet from d 1 to 14 post-hatch followed by the dietary treatments from d 14 to 21 in experiment 1 and 2, or from d 25 to 28 in experiment 3, respectively. Each of the 3 experiments was arranged as a randomised complete block design consisting of 7 replicate pens and 3 birds per pen. Six dietary treatments consisting of 3 levels of wheat-DDGS (0, 300 or 600 g/kg of diet) and 2 levels of XAP (0 or 0.25 g/kg) were used in experiment 1. Six diets consisting of 3 levels of wheat-DDGS (200, 400 or 600 g/kg of diet) and 2 levels of phytase (0 or 1000 FTU/kg) were used in experiment 2, whereas four treatments consisting of a nitrogen-free diet (NFD) and an assay diet, both diets without- or with supplemental protease were used in experiment 3. In experiment 1, increasing the level of wheat-DDGS in the basal diet decreased linearly (P < 0.001) dry matter (DM) and energy retention, AME and AMEn. Supplemental XAP tended to improve both the dietary AME (P = 0.059) and AMEn (P = 0.085) values of the diet. The AME value of wheat-DDGS without- or with supplemental XAP was determined to be 15.0 or 15.5 MJ/kg, respectively. Corresponding values for AMEn were 14.0 and 14.5 MJ/kg, respectively. Supplemental XAP did not improve the energy value of wheat-DDGS for broilers. In experiment 2, increasing the level of wheat-DDGS in the diet decreased linearly (P < 0.05) ileal DM digestibility, DM retention and apparent P retention but there was no difference in apparent ileal P digestibility. Except for Fe and Zn at the ileal, and Mn and Zn at the total tract level, increasing the level of wheat-DDGS in the diet increased linearly (P < 0.05) the flow of all other minerals. Flow of minerals at the ileal and total tract level were not different with phytase supplementation. True ileal P digestibility in the wheat-DDGS for broilers was 93.6 or 96% without- or with added phytase, respectively. Corresponding values at the total tract level were 92.4 and 93.5%, respectively. Phytase addition did not improve P utilisation at the ileal or total tract level. In experiment 3, AID ranged from 33% (Asp) to 75% (Pro) without added protease whereas the range was 31% (Asp) to 82% (Pro) with protease supplementation. The AID of Lys was nil regardless of protease supplementation. Supplemental protease improved (P < 0.05) the AID of Arg and Pro and tended to improve (P < 0.10) the AID of Met. Without protease supplementation, SID ranged from 43% (Asp) to 84% (Pro) whereas the range was from 54% (Asp) to 93% (Pro) with added protease. Supplemental protease improved (P < 0.05) the SID of Arg, Leu, Phe, Met, Val and Pro by 21, 14, 13, 26, 13 and 10 percentage points, respectively. It was concluded that wheat-DDGS is a good dietary source of metabolisable energy and P for broilers. The ileal AA digestibility of wheat-DDGS for broilers is quite variable and generally low. Further, the ileal digestibility of some AA in the wheat-DDGS improved with protease supplementation. Using three experiments the third study determined the metabolisable energy content, true P digestibility and retention and AIAAD and SIAAD of wheat-DDGS for turkey. The AMEn and AME content of wheat-DDGS without- or with XAP was determined in experiment 1, the true P digestibility and retention without- or with supplemental phytase was determined in experiment 2, whereas the AIAAD and SIAAD of wheat-DDGS without- or with a protease were determined in experiment 3. Experiment 1 and 2 lasted for 21 days whereas experiment 3 lasted for 28 days. Experimental diets were fed for 7, 5 or 3 d in experiment 1, 2 or 3, respectively. Each of the 3 experiments was arranged as a randomised complete block design consisting of 7 replicate pens and 3 birds per pen. Six dietary treatments consisting of 3 levels of wheat-DDGS (0, 300 or 600 g/kg of diet) and 2 levels of XAP (0 or 0.25 g/kg) were used in experiment 1. Six diets consisting of 3 levels of wheat-DDGS (200, 400 or 600 g/kg of diet) and 2 levels of phytase (0 or 1000 FTU/kg) were used in experiment 2, whereas four diets consisting of a NFD and an assay diet, both diets without- or with supplemental protease were used in experiment 3. In experiment 1, increasing the dietary inclusion of wheat-DDGS from 0 to 600 g/kg decreased linearly (P < 0.05) DM and energy retention. There was wheat-DDGS × XAP interaction (P < 0.05) for dietary AME and AMEn. Dietary AME and AMEn values decreased linearly (P < 0.001) as the level of wheat-DDGS increased in the diets without XAP, whereas there was no effect of increasing wheat-DDGS level on dietary AME or AMEn for the XAP-supplemented diets.
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Persson, Christina. "Improved Nutritional Support in Cancer Patients." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2002. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5218-3/.
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Capper, Brian Stephen. "Factors influencing the nutritive value of barley straw for ruminants." Thesis, University of Reading, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238166.
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Tan, Paul Vernyuy. "Growth, intake and rumen function in sheep offered alkali-treated straw-based diets supplemented with fish meal." Thesis, University of Reading, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276156.
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Al-Mamary, M. A. "Glucosinolate in rapeseed : toxic effects upon the liver and thyroid gland." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.255853.
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Chaudhry, Saeed Mukhtar. "Processing and nutritional value of poultry litter and slaughter house by-product." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09162005-115004/.
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Vinall, Sarah A. J. "A critical look at nutritional value of commercials on the Nickelodeon Network." Scholarly Commons, 2008. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/689.
Full textAbstract:
Food advertising aimed at children in America has been proven to directly impact food preferences, eating behavior and brand loyalty of youth (Story & French, 2004). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the content of television commercials that occurred during children's programming on the popular children's network Nickelodeon. This study examined the frequency, nutritional content and overall advertising techniques associated with food, beverage and restaurant commercials. It also assessed the degree to which children are being exposed to the promotion of unhealthy food, beverage restaurant commercials.
This study examined commercials that aired on the Nickelodeon Network between Monday, August 11 through Friday, August 15, 2008 between 3 p.m. and 5 p.m. on the Comcast Cable System in Stockton, California. The programming was recorded on a VHS tape and then later reviewed and analyzed. Each commercial was examined in the following areas: nutritional content; slogan; branded characters; premium; link to a movie and healthy message.
This study demonstrated that 40.65% of the commercials airing between 3 p.m. and 5 p.m. on the Nickelodeon television network are for food, beverage and/or restaurants. Twenty-six percent of food, beverage and restaurant commercials met or exceeded the daily recommended levels of fat, added sugars, and sodium, and fell short of providing essential nutrients as outlined by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) (United States Department of Agriculture, 2008).
The results of this study indicate that a considerable amount of food commercials targeting children as consumers. Government regulation seems unlikely due to the First Amendment, rights to free speech. This study points to several suggestions for advertisers, advocates, Children's Advertising Review Unit (CARU) teachers and parents to address the issue of advertising to children. Some of the suggestions include stricter self-regulation, education and parental responsibility.
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Forster, Lance Allen. "Nutritional value of flat pea hay fed to sheep at different levels." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43855.
Full textAbstract:
Two experiments were conducted with sheep to determine the nutritional value of 'Lathco' flatpea (Lathyrus sylvestris) hay. In experiment 1, a finishing trial was conducted with 50 group fed crossbred lambs (25 ewes and 25 wethers) fed diets consisting of 70% chopped forage and 30% ground corn grain for 70 d. Five pens of five wethers and five pens of five ewes were selffed diets in which the forage consisted of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100 proportions of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and flatpea hay. Feed efficiencies decreased linearly (P<.05) as flatpea increased in the diet. Linear decreases (P<.05) were obtained in kidney and pelvic fat, backfat, leg conformation, and yield grade with increased flatpea in the diet. Blood urea-N (BUN), ruminal pH and NH3-N increased (P<.005) as proportion of flatpea increased. Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) and acetate concentration decreased linearly (P<.005) and propionate, isovalerate, and valerate levels increased linearly (P<.01) with increased proportions of flatpea hay. In experiment 2, 30 wether lambs were fed diets consisting of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 proportions of chopped alfalfa and flatpea hays in a digestion trial. Neutral detergent fiber (NOE), acid detergent fiber (ADE), cellulose, hemicellulose and energy digestibilities decreased linearly (P<.Ol) with increased levels of flatpea hay. Nitrogen retention was not different between sheep fed the different diets. Apparent absorbtion and retention of Ca decreased linearly (P<.05) with increased level of flatpea hay Ruminal pH and NHa-N, and BUN increased linearly (P<.OOl) as flatpea was increased in the diet. Ruminal total VEA, acetate and acetate to propionate ratio decreased linearly (P<.001) and propionate, isobutyrate, isovalerate, and valerate levels increased linearly (P<.001) as level of flatpea increased.
Master of Science
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Wakeham, Andres I. "Preservation and nutritional value of caged layer waste treated with different preservatives." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64568.
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Two experiments were conducted with caged layer waste. In the first experiment fresh waste was treated with: no additive, 2% formaldehyde, 3% sodium metabisulfite, 1% formaldehyde and 2% propionic acid, 3% formic and 2% propionic acids and stored in polyethylene lined 208 liter metal drums. In experiment II waste treated with 2% formaldehyde, 1 % formaldehyde and 2% prop ionic, 3 % formic and 2% propionic (w/w), stored for at least 42 d, used in a metabolism trial as N supplements to a basal diet fed to sheep.
The formaldehyde, formaldehyde/propionic and formic/propionic treatments eliminated the bacterial decomposition of the waste and no undesirable fermentation was observed on the stored material. Waste treated with no additive or sodium metabisulfite underwent putrefaction.
Nitrogen supplementation of a basal diet with treated caged layer wastes improved apparent digestibility of crude protein and N retention in sheep fed these diets.
Supplementation of a basal diet with chemically treated caged layer waste improves the nutritional value of the diet which suggests that caged layer waste is efficiently utilized as a N source by ruminants when used as a protein supplement.Master of Science
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Fellah, Abdulmunam Mohamed. "The nutritional value and toxic properties of buffalo gourd (Cucurbita foetidissima) plant." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185245.
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Buffalo gourd (BG), Cucurbita foetidissima, vine contains a material that was toxic to mice. Extracting the vine with either water or ethanol greatly improves the performance of the mice. However, water treatment of the vine had removed the bitter substances and gave a better response than ethanol extraction which partially reduced these materials. Chicks received up to 10% of BG seeds in a soybean meal diet had no significant change in their growth as compared to those fed control diet. However, as the concentration of the seeds increased to 20% or above, a significant reduction in chicks performance were found in comparison to the soybean meal. Signs of toxicities which caused high mortality rate were also observed in those chicks. Cleaning and washing of BG seeds did not improve chicks performance as compared to those on uncleaned-unwashed seeds. Birds fed BG hulls were not significantly different than the control diet and showed no signs of neuromuscular abnormalities or death. Feeding defatted seeds and defatted embryo diets depressed the growth. The addition of 24% of BG seeds to the regular soybean meal diet showed no difference in growth as compared to the control birds. The neuromuscular abnormalities were observed only in birds fed defatted seeds, defatted embryo and whole seed diets but not hulls or whole seed uncleaned diets. This raises a serious issue of just what is causing these neuromuscular problems in some diets and not all of them. These abnormalities disappeared after the chicks were shifted back to the regular starter diet. Incorporation of 10% of the whole BG roots in practical chick ration significantly depressed growth. Toxicity problems were also observed in these chicks. Water extraction of the roots improved performance and appeared to reduce the bitter material in the diet and the incidence of mortality when compared to those fed the dried roots. A preliminary study using silage as prepared from BG forage has shown no palatability problems when fed to young heifers. Incorporation of milo with BG forage did not improve the palatability of the silage. This was a great improvement in feed intake values when compared to the feeding of fresh cut forage to calves or cows.
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Jerónimo, Eliana Alexandra Sousa. "Dietary manipulation to inprove the nutritional value of lipids from lamb meat." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/15306.
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A carne de borrego é caracterizada por altos teores em ácidos gordos (AG) saturados e baixos níveis de ácidos gordos polinsaturados (AGPI), propriedades que são consideradas prejudicais para a saúde humana. Para atender às recomendações nutricionais é necessário melhorar a sua composição em AG. A principal motivação desta tese foi explorar algumas estratégias nutricionais que permitam melhorar o valor nutricional da fracção lipídica da carne de borrego. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a suplementação das dietas com óleos vegetais ricos em AGPI é uma abordagem eficaz para reduzir a saturação da carne de borrego e aumentar o seu conteúdo em AGPI. Além disso, a suplementação com mistura de óleos de girassol e de linho permitiu aumentar simultaneamente o conteúdo em isómeros conjugados do ácido linoleico e em AGPI n-3 de cadeia longa. A inclusão de bentonite sódica e de Cistus ladanifer em dietas suplementadas com óleo também mostrou ser uma boa abordagem para melhorar a composição em AG da carne de borrego; ABSTRACT:
Dietary manipulation to improve the nutritional value of lipids from lamb meat
Lamb meat is characterized by high contents of saturated fatty acids and low levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), properties that are regarded as being negative to human health. To meet the nutritional recommendations is necessary improving the fatty acid (FA) composition of lamb meat. The main motivation of this thesis was explored some nutritional strategies that allows improve the nutritional value of lipid fraction from lamb meat. Data presented here show that supplementation of diets with vegetable oils rich in PUFA is an effective approach to decrease the saturation of lamb meat and increase its content in PUFA. Moreover, supplementation with blend of sunflower and linseed oils allowed increase simultaneously meat content in conjugated isomers of linoleic acid and n-3 long chain PUFA. Inclusion of sodium bentonite and Cistus ladanifer in oil supplemented diets also showed to be a good approach to improve the FA composition of lamb meat.
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Salman, Nadir Abd. "Nutritional and physiological effects of dietary NaCl on rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) and its application in fish culture." Thesis, University of Dundee, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.330019.
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Luizi, Frederic. "Larval development and metamorphosis in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) : influences of nutritional, environmental and physiological factors." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311703.
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German, Donovan Parks. "Beavers of the fish world can wood-eating catfishes actually digest wood? a nutritional physiology approach /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0023785.
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Widyaratne, Gemunu Prasanna. "Characterization and improvement of the nutritional value of ethanol by-products for swine." University of Saskatchewan, 2005. http://library2.usask.ca/theses/available/etd-12142005-151836/.
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The nutritional value of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) has not been assessed in swine. The nutritional value of corn and wheat DDGS, and possibilities to improve the nutritional value of wheat DDGS were for swine were investigated in two studies. In study 1, two experiments were conducted to determine digestibility and digestible contents of energy, amino acids (AA) and P in corn and wheat DDGS and wheat grain, together with N and P excretion and growth performance in grower-finisher pigs. In experiment 1, 12 barrows (64.6 ± 6.4 kg) were fitted with ileal T-cannulae and had restricted access (2.6 x maintenance) to a wheat control diet or one of three diets with 40% corn, wheat+corn (4:1) or wheat DDGS. For energy, apparent total tract digestibility was highest for wheat (85%; P < 0.05) and did not differ among DDGS (77 to 79%; P > 0.10). Total tract digestible energy (DE) was highest for corn DDGS (4292 kcal kg-1 DM; P < 0.05) and tended to differ among wheat+corn and wheat DDGS and wheat (4038, 4019, and 3807, respectively; P = 0.06). For lysine, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) was highest for wheat (71%; P < 0.05) and did not differ among DDGS (59 to 63%; P > 0.10). The apparent ileal digestible lysine content was highest for corn DDGS (0.51% DM; P < 0.05), intermediate for wheat+corn and wheat DDGS (0.45 and 0.42), and lowest for wheat (0.37%). For P, total tract digestibility was lowest for wheat (15%; P < 0.05) and did not differ among DDGS samples (53 to 56%; P > 0.10). Total N excretion was highest for wheat+corn and wheat DDGS (55 and 58 g d-1; P < 0.05), intermediate for corn DDGS (44) and lowest for wheat (36). Total P excretion did not differ among DDGS (11 g d-1) and was lowest for wheat (8; P < 0.05). In experiment 2, 100 pigs (52.0 ± 3.3 kg) were fed a wheat-pea control diet or one of three 25%-DDGS (corn, wheat+corn or wheat) diets (3.375 Mcal DE kg-1; 2.50 g AID lysine Mcal-1 DE) for 5 wk. Overall, average daily feed intake (ADFI) and daily gain (ADG) were higher for wheat than DDGS (P < 0.05) but feed efficiency did not differ (P > 0.10). In summary, the nutritional value of wheat DDGS for swine is higher than wheat and lower than corn DDGS and feeding DDGS reduced growth performance, partly via a reduced ADFI, indicating that anti-nutritional factors in DDGS require further investigation.
In study 2, the effect of xylanase supplementation of wheat DDGS on nutrient digestibility and nutrient excretion was evaluated in grower-finisher pigs. Wheat-based diets with or without 40% wheat DDGS were tested with or without supplementary xylanase (4,000 U kg-1 feed) as a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement in a repeated Latin square design using eight barrows (29.4 ± 2.0 kg) fitted with ileal T-cannulae. Following a 6-day acclimation, faeces and urine were collected for 3 d, and ileal digesta for 2 d. The apparent ileal energy digestibility and DE content were not affected either by ingredient or xylanase (P > 0.05). The total tract energy digestibility and DE content were affected by ingredient (P > 0.05), but not by xylanase (P > 0.05). The total-tract energy digestibility was higher for wheat, but DE content was higher for wheat DDGS. The AID of arginine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan and total AA were higher (P < 0.05), and of cysteine, histidine and lysine were similar (P > 0.05), and SID of phenylalanine was higher (P < 0.05), and of the other AA was similar (P > 0.10) for wheat DDGS compared to wheat. Supplementary xylanase improved AID and SID of most of the indispensable AA in wheat (P < 0.05), but not in wheat DDGS (P > 0.05). The apparent and standardized ileal AA contents were affected by ingredients (P < 0.05), but not by xylanase (P > 0.05). Digestible AA contents were higher for wheat DDGS than for wheat. The digestibility and digestible content of P were affected by ingredient and xylanse (P < 0.05). The P digestibility and digestible P contents were higher for wheat DDGS compared to wheat. Neither ingredient nor supplementary xylanase affected DM intake (P > 0.05). The DM excretion on daily basis and as a percentage of intake were affected by ingredient (P < 0.05), but not by xylanase (P > 0.05). Ingredients affected all N and P variables (P < 0.05), except percentage retained for both nutrients (P > 0.05). None of N variables (P > 0.05), but P intake and, retention on daily basis and as a percentage of intake were affected by xylanase (P < 0.05). The DM excretion and N and P intake, excretion and daily retention were higher for wheat DDGS compared to wheat. Lack of beneficial response to supplementary xylanase might be due to inappropriate enzyme level or insufficient substrate level of wheat DDGS. In addition, unidentified factors associated with fermentation and drying processes might constrain the nutritional value of wheat DDGS. Further studies are required to determine the proper xylanase inclusion level and/or to identify the factors associated with reduced nutrient digestibility of wheat DDGS.
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Masey, O'Neill Helen Victoria. "Influence of storage and temperature treatment on nutritional value of wheat for poultry." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14130/.
Full textAbstract:
Worldwide production of wheat in 2007 was 787 million (IGC 2008). Due to its importance in the world commodity market, there has been much research into the potential problems of weather damage to wheat, particularly with reference to bread making. The current project aimed to address three major research areas. Firstly, the effects of heat treatment in relation to the nutritional value of weather damaged wheat were investigated. It appears that drying at 100°C may increase Coefficient of Apparent Digestibility of starch (CAD). Some flour samples that were heated to 100°C failed to demonstrate expected hydration properties that would normally be associated with increased digestibility. They also appear to maintain their crystalline order. Therefore, an increase in CAD is not necessarily related to changes in starch structure and is probably more likely due to modification of non-starch components such as protein. A hypothesis is discussed, that proteins may form a film that protects the starch until the protein is digested by endogenous chick proteases. The precise drying temperature is critical, as at 85°C, digestibility may be decreased, possibly due to crystalline perfection. Apparent Metabolisable Energy (AME) did not follow starch digestibility. Secondly, it was hypothesised that the Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) may be able to quantify amylase activity and predict nutritional value of wheat samples. Interestingly, unexpectedly high levels of amylase were observed in some wheat samples. This activity remained despite two years in ambient storage and temperature treatment of up to 100°C. These high levels of amylase activity did not appear to affect CAD, presumably due to deactivation in the acidic conditions of the proventriculus. There were some highly significant relationships between in vivo parameters and in vitro RVA parameters, particularly between Peak Viscosity (with an amylase inhibitor) and Coefficient of Duodenal Digestibility or AME (P
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Obamehinti, Johnson Muftau. "Effect of treating corn stover with aqueous ammonia and urea on nutritional value." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45904.
Full textAbstract:
Experiments were conducted to study the effect of treatment of rectangular bales of corn stover with aqueous ammonia and urea solutions. The stacks were covered with polyethylene sheets for 129 d, after which they were uncovered, aerated and sampled for laboratory analyses.
Master of Science
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Diamanti, Jacopo. "Quality, nutritional quality and nutraceutical value as a new task for strawberry breeding." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/241922.
Full textAbstract:
Negli ultimi anni i consumatori hanno aumentato l’attenzione rivolta agli aspetti nutrizionali e salutistici (vitamine, sali minerali, antiossidanti, ecc.) legati ai prodotti ortofrutticoli. Il consumo di frutta è stato ampiamente considerata possedere importanti caratteristiche salutari, legate in particolar modo al contenuto di composti antiossidanti, i quali svolgono, all’interno del corpo umano, un’azione protettiva contro le reazioni di ossidazione cellulare. Frutta e verdure contengono composti antiossidanti, oltre alle vitamina C, vitamina E e ai carotenoidi, i quali contribuiscono alla loro capacità antiossidante totale, come i composti fenolici (flavonoidi, antociani, tannini, ellagitannini, ecc). I frutti rossi sono fra i frutti più ricchi in composti fitochimici a carattere antiossidante, tra i frutti rossi la fragola è uno dei più attrattivi, grazie al suo aspetto e alle sue caratteristiche aromatiche, ma ultimamente i consumatori hanno concentrato le loro attenzioni sulle caratteristiche nutrizionali del frutto di fragola. Di conseguenza i ricercatori hanno concentrato il loro interesse verso le caratteristiche nutrizionali del frutto di fragola, allo scopo di caratterizzare i composti bioattivi del frutto per capire come tali composti vengono sintetizzati all’interno della matrice del frutto.
È in costante aumento l’interesse rivolto verso i multipli fattori genetici e ambientali che interagiscono sulla produzione e accumulo dei composti nutrizionali del frutto di fragola, anche se tali fattori non sono tenuti in considerazione durante la fase di commercializzazione. Il presupposto di “frutto funzionale” sottolinea che i composti bioattivi presenti nel frutto siano efficaci per la salute del consumatore. La valutazione rigorosa delle prove scientifiche richiede la definizione di un set di criteri e metodi per la valutazione delle caratteristiche nutrizionale del frutto di fragola. Le metodologie per la determinazione dei composti bioattivi dei frutti possono essere considerate strumenti veloci e affidabili per lo screening di larghe popolazioni ottenute da programmi di miglioramento genetico al fine di ottenere genotipi di fragole ad elevato valore nutrizionale.
La ricerca sviluppata durante il corso di dottorato è stata incentrata nello 1) sviluppo di metodologie standardizzate di analisi nutrizionale sul frutto di fragola valutata su tre campi di collezione germoplasma fragola; 2)valutazione della qualità nutrizionale di nuovi genotipi di fragola generati da programma di miglioramento genetico utilizzando re-incroci interspecifici di F. virginiana spp. glauca e incroci intra-specifici di F. x ananassa, al fine di produrre nuovo materiale genetico con elevate caratteristiche nutrizionali; 3) validazione della capacità antiossidante del frutto di fragola valutata in vivo su ratti sottoposti ad elevato stress ossidativo.
I risultati ottenuti tramite questo approccio multidisciplinare conferma l’importanza dello sviluppo di metodologie di analisi rapide ed efficaci per la valutazione delle componenti nutrizionali del frutto di fragola, grazie al maggior interesse che le caratteristiche nutrizionali stanno acquistando. La valutazione delle caratteristiche nutrizionali nelle collezioni germoplasma fragola europee conferma l’importanza del genotipo riguardo alla composizione dei composti bioattivi nel frutto, ma anche il ruolo importante svolto dalle condizioni ambientali e dalla regionalità. Inoltre è confermata l’importanza delle specie selvatiche come nuovo strumento nello sviluppo di programmi di miglioramento genetico al fine di incrementare la qualità nutrizionale del frutto. In fine è provata l’efficacia del potere antiossidante del frutto di fragola contro il danno provocato dallo stress ossidativo in vivo, ance se efficacia dell’effetto antiossidante è strettamente legato con i composti bioattivi presenti nel frutto e conseguentemente con il genotipo.
Questo tipo di approccio multidisciplinare permetterà il licenziamento di nuove varietà capaci di offrire frutti di alta qualità e sicuri per il consumatore.In recent times increasing attention has been paid by consumers to the health and nutritional aspects (vitamins contents, mineral elements, antioxidants, etc.) of horticultural products. Fruits and vegetables contain antioxidant compounds, in addition to vitamin C or E and carotenoids, that significantly contribute to their total antioxidant capacity, such as phenolic acids (flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins ellagitannins ecc.). Berry fruits are one of the richest sources of antioxidant phytochemicals encountered. Among berries strawberry fruit is one of the more attractive, due to its aspects and taste, but lately consumers have also focused their attention on strawberry fruit health-related compounds. For such reason researchers have focus their attention on strawberry fruit nutritional attributes, characterizing fruit bioactive compounds and understanding the physiological development of such compounds. Increasing awareness on multiple genetic and environmental factors affecting production and accumulation of bioactive compounds is observed among agronomic investigators, but these factors are rarely taken in account when fruit is marketed. The assumption underlying the ‘functional fruit’ is that the bioactive compounds in fruit are efficacious for the improvement of health. Rigorous and unprejudiced evaluation of the scientific evidence requires a defined set of criteria and methods of evaluation. The methods available for detecting fruit bioactive compounds can be suggested as fast and reliable tools for screening large breeding populations for high berry nutritional quality. The research carried on in these three years was focused on 1) the development of standardized methods for the evaluation of fruit bioactive compounds of European strawberry fruit germplasm collections, to identify genotypes able to provide new gene sources for increasing fruit nutritional value; 2) the evaluation of fruit nutritional quality of new strawberry genotypes generated by a breeding program based on the comparison of offspring populations originated by inter-specific backcross of F. virginiana spp.glauca and F. x ananassa intra-specific cross, with the aim to produce new genetic material with improved fruit nutritional quality; 3) validation of strawberry fruits antioxidant capacity against oxidative stress in vivo by a strawberry fruit supplementation in a sixteen week long term diet in rats. The results obtained by this multidisciplinary approach state the importance of developing methodologies of fruit nutritional evaluation fast and reliable, because of the main role that nutritional quality is acquiring. The nutritional evaluation of European strawberry collections confirm the importance of genotype in regards to bioactive compounds composition, but also the main role played by environmental conditions and location. Furthermore, the importance of wild genetic resources as new implement in strawberry breeding program aimed to improve fruit nutritional quality, is confirmed. Finally, the efficacy of strawberry antioxidant capacity against oxidative damage in vivo, is stated, even if the effect is strictly linked with the fruit bioactive composition and consequently strawberry genotype. This multidisciplinary approach will allow the release of new varieties able to offer better quality and consumer safety.
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Shahnaseri, Mahnaz, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, of Science Technology and Environment Faculty, and School of Food Science. "The effect of cooking method upon iron and zinc bioavailability in rice." THESIS_FST_SFH_Shahnaseri_M.xml, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/695.
Full textAbstract:
Prevention of iron deficiency rather than treatment is preferred by most nutritionists. The presence of a maximal iron supply is not advised because an excessive or unnecessary iron supplement may have biologically adverse effects, such as impaired immune resistance or negative interaction with other trace elements. All cereals and most vegetables contain phytate (inositol hexaphosphate) which can bind iron and zinc and reduce their biological availability. The amount of iron available for absorption in any given diet depends to a large extent on the composition of the diet, e.g., the presence of vitamin C and haem iron, and the absence of phytate. Rice is one of the most important staples in the Iranian diet and, in fact, rice, for most Iranians, is not a side dish but a main dish to which other foods or ingredients are added. An awareness of the effects of cooking method on nutrient content is important because cooking techniques influence the overall quality of a group's diet. The goal of this study is to determine the bioavailability of iron and zinc in traditional Iranian rice dishes and to assess the effect of traditional methods of cooking rice upon iron and zinc bioavailability. Iranian migrants residing in Sydney were surveyed in order to determine their food habits and traditional cooking methods, for the assessment of their effects upon the bioavailability of iron and zinc in Iranian rice dishes. Rice contains phytate, which is a potent inhibitor of iron absorption. The amount of phytate in rice depends on whether the rice is polished or not. The pre-cooking treatment such as soaking can also influence the phytate content of the rice. Soaking prior to cooking also reduced the amount of ion and zinc. The inhibitory effect of phytate is also overcome by adding different herbs, vegetables and legumes used traditionally in rice dishes cooked by Iranians. Herbs or vegetables such as coriander, parsley and cauliflower, used in Iranian rice dishes, increased the bioavailability iron and zinc. Results obtained from this research show that method of cooking, as well as the food mixture, is very important for the absorption of iron and zinc from the dietDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)