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1
Julia, Chantal. "Aspects épidémiologiques des relations entre nutrition et inflammation." Paris 13, 2013. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/edgalilee_th_2013_julia.pdf.
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L’inflammation apparait comme un mécanisme ubiquitaire sous-tendant de nombreuses pathologies chroniques. Les nutriments participent à de multiples niveaux, de façon directe ou indirecte a la régulation de la réaction inflammatoire. Les acides gras polyinsaturés (PUFAs) sont les précurseurs de nombreux médiateurs de l’inflammation. Les nutriments antioxydants (vitamine C, E et caroténoïdes) interviennent dans la prévention et la régulation des réactions oxydantes participant à la réaction inflammatoire et aux dommages cellulaires l’accompagnant. L’approche épidémiologique, notamment au travers des études de cohortes, contribue a une meilleure compréhension des relations entre nutrition et sante dans la population. L’étude des relations entre statut en antioxydants (concentrations sanguines en vitamine C, E et β-carotène) et CRP augmentée (C-reactive protein) à long terme nous a permis de montrer que le statut en β-carotène était négativement associe a une CRP augmentée. L’étude des relations entre apports en PUFAs n-3 et n-6 et CRP augmentée nous ont permis de montrer que les apports en PUFAs n-3 et n-6 étaient négativement associés à une CRP augmentée. Les apports en vitamine E étaient modulateurs de cette relation, qui n’apparaissait significative que pour les sujets avec des apports faibles en vitamine E. Enfin, la construction de profils alimentaires spécifiquement associés aux nutriments connus pour avoir des propriétés anti ou pro-inflammatoires (PUFAs, nutriments antioxydants) nous a permis de montrer qu’un profil alimentaire riche en acides gras essentiels et en nutriments antioxydants était négativement associe a une CRP augmentée a long terme. Ces résultat concordants montrent bien l’intérêt d’apports adéquats en PUFAs et en nutriments antioxydants dans les mécanismes inflammatoires. Néanmoins, la balance entre ces différents nutriments doit être prise en compte, en particulier du fait d’interactions multiples entre leurs effetsInflammation appears as an ubiquitous mechanism involved in numerous chronic diseases, including metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Nutrients are involved at multiple levels and in multiple pathways of inflammation regulation. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are precursors for a range of inflammatory mediators: eicosanoids, resolvins and protectins. Antioxidant nutrients (vitamin C, E and β-carotene) prevent and regulate oxidant reactions,preventing in particular lipid peroxidation in cell membranes, which participate in inflammatory reactions and cellular damages. Epidemiological approaches, particularly through cohort studies allow for a better understanding of the relationships between nutrition and health in the population. The study of the long-term relationships between antioxidant status (circulating concentrations of vitamin C, E and β-carotene) and C reactive protein (CRP) allowed us to show that β-carotene circulating concentrations were negatively associated to elevated CRP. The study of relationships between dietary intakes of n-3 and n-6 PUFA and elevated CRP allowed us to show a negative association between n-3 PUFA intakes (particularly docosapentaenoic acid DPA) and elevated CRP and between n-6 PUFA intakes (particularly linoleic acid LA) and elevated CRP The construction of dietary patterns specifically associated to nutrients having pro- or antiinflammatory properties (PUFA and antioxidant nutrients’ intakes) allowed us to show that a dietary pattern rich in essential fatty acids and antioxidant nutrients was negatively associated to elevated CRP in the long-term. These consistent results corroborate the importance of adequate intakes of PUFA and antioxidant nutrients in inflammatory mechanisms. However, dietary balance between these nutrients needs to be carefully considered, given the multiple interactions existing in the mechanisms they are involved in
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Covarrubias, Peña José Ignacio <1981>. "Physiological and Biochemical Aspects of Iron Nutrition in Grapevine." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4480/.
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The objective of this thesis was to study the response mechanisms of grapevine to Fe-deficiency and to potential Fe chlorosis prevention strategies. The results show that the presence of bicarbonate in the nutrient solution shifted the activity of PEPC and TCA cycle enzymes and the accumulation/translocation of organic acids in roots of Fe-deprived plants. The rootstock 140 Ruggeri displayed a typical behavior of calcicole plants under bicarbonate stress. The Fe chlorosis susceptible rootstock 101-14 reacted to a prolonged Fe-deficiency reducing the root activity of PEPC and MDH. Noteworthy, it accumulates high levels of citric acid in roots, indicating a low capacity to utilizing, transporting and/or exudating organic acids into the rhizosfere. In contrast, 110 Richter rootstock is capable to maintain an active metabolism of organic acids in roots, accumulating them to a lesser extent than 101-14. Similarly to 101-14, SO4 genotype displays a strong decrease of mechanisms associated to Fe chlorosis tolerance (PEPC and MDH enzymes). Nevertheless it is able to avoid excessive accumulation of citric acid in roots, similar as 110 Richter rootstock. Intercropping with Festuca rubra increased leaf chlorophyll content and net photosynthesis. In addition, intercropping reduces the activity of PEPC in roots, similary to Fe-chelate supply. Applications of NH4+ with nitrification inhibitor prevents efficiently Fe-deficiency, increases chlorophyll content, and induces similar root biochemical responses as Fe-EDDHA. Without the addition of nitrification inhibitors, the effectiveness of NH4+ supply on Fe chlorosis prevention resulted significantly lower. The aspects intertwined in this investigation highlight the complexity of Fe physiology and the fine metabolic tuning of grapevine genotypes to Fe availability and soil-related environmental factors. The experimental evidences reveal the need to carry out future researches on Fe nutrition maintaining a continous flow of knowledge between theoretical and agronomical perspectives for fully supporting the efforts devoted to convert science into practice.
3
Koycha, Maléka. "Émulsions nutritives intraveineuses : aspects physico-chimiques et étude de stabilité." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE18001.
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Power, Harold Michael. "A study of iron nutrition and immunity in infancy." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25837.
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Motivation and study design: Iron deficiency is a common condition in infancy, particularly in lower socio-economic groups. In Cape Town it remains a problem in spite of public health measures taken against it: a recent survey found a prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia of 34% in healthy 1-year old term infants who had ready access to a municipal health clinic where iron fortified milk formula is sold at subsidized prices. The consequences of iron deficiency extend beyond anaemia- to involve all organ systems including the immune system. Since Helen Mackay's report in 1928 of a striking decrease in incidents of infection in infants treated with iron, clinicians have assumed that iron deficiency predisposes to infection. Despite a sound theoretical basis for this belief, the clinical evidence for the assumption is poor as studies to date have displayed methodological deficiencies. On the other hand, iron is also essential for the growth of micro-organisms. As such, supplemental iron may predispose to infection. Indeed, there is much laboratory and clinical evidence to show that excess iron can result in the recrudescence of quiescent infections and increase the virulence of newly acquired infections. Thus, the competition between host and parasite may sometimes hinge on the relative availability of iron and it has been speculated that excess iron in infant milk formula may increase susceptibility to infectious diarrhoeal disease. The problem addressed by this thesis was to determine the utility of increasing the level of iron fortification of infant milk formula. Three questions were posed: Does increasing the level of iron fortification of conventional infant milk formula improve the iron nutrition of normal infants fed on the formula? Does increased iron fortification of infant milk formula alter immunity as reflected by incidence of infection and laboratory tests of immune function? Are there any handful effects of increasing the quantity of iron in conventional infant milk formula? A double blind randomized trial was carried out in 1983 and 1984 to answer these questions. A group of 149 healthy, well-nourished infants from a lower socio-economic community of so called Cape Coloureds were followed from the age of 3 months to 1 year. Half of the infants, the Control group, were given a commercially available infant milk formula (Lactogen Full Protein) which has 8.3 mg Fe/ 100 g formula and 37 mg ascorbic acid/ 100 g. The other half of subjects, the Test group, were given the same milk formula but fortified with iron to a concentration of 40 mg Fe/ 100 g. The children were examined every 3 or 4 weeks and any infection or history of infection was noted. Laboratory tests were done at the start of the trial and again on completion. During the trial, laboratory tests were performed only if clinically indicated. The tests included full blood count and differential analysis, red cell zinc protoporphyrin, plasma ferritin, plasma and hair zinc and lymphocyte subtyping with monoclonal antibodies. Within each group, half of the infants were randomly selected for assay of neutrophil bactericidal activity. The other half were assayed for lymphocyte blastogenic response to stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin. Tests of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity to Candida antigen and PPD were done and all children and their mothers had antibodies to tetanus and polio determined. Results: 74 infants in the Control group started the trial and 62 completed it. In the Test group, 75 infants began and 70 completed the study. Intake of milk and solid foods was not quantified, but the ages of weaning and of introduction of new foods were determined. The Control and Test groups did not differ significantly on any test item. The mean age of completion of weaning was 3.60 months for the Control group and 4.04 months for the Test group. The Control group was first given meat or fish at a mean age of 5.19 months; the Test. group had meat or fish introduced to their diets at a mean age of 4.36 months. These differences were not statistically significant. The children in the Control group were lighter and shorter than the Test group at the end of the year. Mean standard deviation scores for weight were 0.23 and 0.48 respectively (P = 20%), while for length the SD scores were -0.13 and 0.06 (P = 20%).
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Martinez-Sanchez, Jose Luis. "Aspects of rain forest nutrition dynamics at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311704.
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Straker, Colin John. "Aspects of phosphorus nutrition in endomycorrhizal fungi of the Ericaceae." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21155.
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Bibliography: pages 133-144.An investigation was undertaken on the phosphorus nutrition of the ericoid endophytes isolated from the root systems of Vaccinium macrocarpon, Aiton, Rhododendron ponticum L., Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull, Erica hispidula L., and E. mauritanica L.
8
Dale, Denver Dudley Stanton. "Parasites and host nutrition." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5bc8aebc-fcfa-4301-8d04-4ebc89fb1c8a.
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Clark, Phillipa Margaret. "Childhood blood pressure : aspects of programming." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242550.
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Deepthi, Divya. "Essays on school nutrition and health programs." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/100742/.
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This thesis investigates the impact of School Nutrition and Health programs implemented by the Government in Public primary schools in India. Section A focuses on evaluating the National Program of Nutritional support to Primary Education launched in 1995. Under this scheme, children enrolled in government primary schools received 3 kilograms of food grains per month, free of cost, conditional on enrolment and a minimum attendance requirement. In chapter 1, we provide a detailed survey of the related literature, highlighting the multi-dimensional impacts of these programs on educational and health outcomes. In Chapter 2, we evaluate the impact of the School feeding program (SFP) in India on primary school starting age and enrolment using the National sample survey. We adopt two methodological frameworks to estimate the program impact, namely, a difference-in-differences (DID) technique and duration analysis. The findings indicate that the program was effective in increasing enrolment and encouraging children to start school at the stipulated entry age. In chapter 3, we study the impact of the SFP in India on primary school completion using the District Level Household survey. Using the DID methodology, we find that the program had a positive effect on primary school completion, with differential effects by gender and years of program exposure. Additionally, we identify whether the program generated positive educational externalities between siblings in the family. Section B of this thesis evaluates a complementary policy, The School Health Program implemented in Government primary schools in Karnataka, India. The program provided free health services to students in public schools, consisting of- micronutrient supplements, deworming treatment and regular health screenings by Doctors at the school premises. We investigate whether this program was effective in improving pupils’ educational and health status. Using administrative data on student’s academic and health records collected from public schools, we find that the program led to an increase in school participation measures and academic performance, with heterogeneous effects across subjects and performance distribution. The program impacts on anthropometric indicators are positive, but statistically insignificant for both boys and girls. We conclude that School Nutrition and Health programs are extremely beneficial in a developing country context to improve children’s educational and health status, by lowering schooling costs and by providing parents with incentives to send their children to school. These programs have the potential to improve future welfare and quality of life, through increased educational attainment and improved health and nutrition.
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Lippert, M. "Aspects of feeding the hill ewe during pregnancy." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354201.
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Snowden, James E. (James Edward). "Improving Adherence: Use of Relapse Prevention Instructions in Clinical Nutrition Programs." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331320/.
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The possibility that faulty expectations about success and relapse recovery contributed to poor adherence was examined in this study. Support for such an expectancy model was sought through comparing an index of relative task magnitude to adherence rates. Instructions designed to improve adherence through changing expectations about relapse and relapse recovery were also administered to 46 clients in two clinical nutritional programs. Their adherence rates
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Zanotto, Flavia Pinheiro. "Physiological and biochemical aspects of nutritional homeostasis in locusts." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306907.
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Ferret, Marie-Christine. "Chrononutrition : les aspects fondamentaux des relations de la chronobiologie et de la nutrition." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P212.
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Sawaya, A. L. "Aspects of energy metabolism in protein malnourished rats." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372913.
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Soliman, Adel Khamis. "Aspects of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) nutrition in Oreochromis niloticus and O. mossambicus." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21525.
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Various aspects of the ascorbic acid (vitamin C) nutrition of Oreochromis niloticus and O. mossambicus are considered in this treatise. The activity of L-gulono-Y-lactone oxidase was assessed in liver and kidney of 14 teleosts of 3 genera, histochemically (qualitatively) and biochemically (quantitatively). Activity of this enzyme was only detected in liver and kidney of common carp, Cyprinus carpio, and kidney of O. spilurus and O. aureus. No activity was detected in the species considered herein. The quantitative dietary ascorbic acid requirements of juvenile O. niloticus and O. mossambicus were determined by feeding diets containing graded levels of the vitamin (O~400mg/lOOg) and were based on growth response, food utilization, gross body composition data, tissue and biochemical changes and ability to prevent signs of ascorbic acid deficiency. The recommended level of supplementation of dietary ascorbic acid is l2Smg/lOOg and the net requirement 42mg/lOOg diet. Long-term ascorbic acid deprivation in £. niloticus and O. mossambicus resulted in poor performance in terms of growth, food utilization and survival. Other parameters evaluated included hepatosomatic index, liver and muscle glycogen content, blood parameters, tissue ascorbate concentrations, collagen contents, hydroxyproline and proline contents, and serum transaminase and cholesterol levels. Signs of ascorbic acid deficiency were severe and included haemorrhage~ opercular deformity, tail erosion, exophthalmia, cataract and spinal deformity (lordosis and scoliosis). Histologically scorbutic fish showed evidence of generalized bone changes associated with excessive production of chondrocytes and failur~ of ossification of growing bone areas. Eye lesions were associated with scleral collapse and also observed was hyperplasia of gill secondary lamellae epithelial cells and pronounced steatitis. Tissue ascorbate concentrations were correlated with dietary ascorbic acid levels and both species exhibited highest concentrations in the ovary, brain and testis, followed by heart, liver, gut, gills, eyes and the lowest levels in muscle and gall-bladder. The physiological role for ascorbic acid in each tissue is discussed. Eight week growth studies were conducted to evaluate the utilization of L-ascorbic acid (AA), the sodium salt of L-ascorbic acid (NaAA), glyceride coated L-ascorbic acid (GCAA), the barium salt of L-ascorbic acid 2-sulphate (AA2S) and ascorbyl palmitate CAP) in diets for O. niloticus and O. mossambicus, All five forms were added to the basal diet, containing no ascorbic acid CAAF), on an equimolar basis to supply 12Smg ascorbic acid/IOOg diet. All forms performed well in terms of growth, food utilization, and prevented signs of deficiency, Retention of ascorbic acid in diets after processing was increased by increasing dietary ascorbic acid level. AA2S and GCAA were more stable than AA and NaAA during processing and storage. The stability of AA, NaAA, GCAA and AA2S under different storage conditions was in descending order as follows: Freezer (_20°C), Fridge (S-BoC), room temperature in black bags (22-24°C) and room temperature in clear bags (22-24°C). Leaching of dietary ascorbic acid increased with increasing immersion time and water temperature. Stability and price of each form evaluated suggested that GCAA is to be preferred for use in fish feeds. The antioxidant effects of ascorbic acid were investigated. The results showed that ascorbic acid was not as effective as butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) in preventing in vitro oxidation. An experiment was conducted to compare the performance of a commercial trout diet with the same diet supplemented to a level of l2Smg ascorbic acid/lOOg diet (Diet 2) when fed to O. niloticus. Fish fed the supplemented diet performed significantly better in terms of growth and food utilization concomittant with significantly increased tissue ascorbate concentrations. Sex differences in relation to dietary ascorbic acid nutrition were investigated. Females of both species exhibited significantly higher gonado~ and hepatosomatic indices than males. Females in both species eXhibited higher total ascorbate concentrations in gonad, gills, spleen, brain and blood than males whereas the reverse was true for the eyes. Dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA) levels were very low in tissues of both species. Ascorbic acid depleted O. niloticus fingerlings were fed on each of three diets providing nil, adequate Cl2Smg ascorbic acid/lOOg diet), and luxus (400mg/lOOg diet) of the vitamin after small surgical incisions had been made in dorsolateral musclature. Fish from each group were sampled regularly over 16 days and histological evaluation of the lesion area carried out as well as measurement of the tissue ascorbate levels. Epithelial elements of the healing process developed irrespective of the vitamin level but although fibroblast activity was marked in all three groups, collagenisation was very much slower in the deficient group, and in these the lesion was not mature, even at the termination of the experiment. The role of ascorbic acid in reproduction of tilapias was investigated in three experiments. The first showed that ascorbic acid supplementation of broodstock feed improved both hatchability and fry condition. In the second experiment fry produced from fish fed an unsupplemented diet and subsequently fed the same diet performed poorly in respect of growth and food utilization. Fry produced from broodstock fed the supplemented diet and subsequently fed the unsupplemented diet performed better than the previous group. This indicates transfer of ascorbic acid from the ovary to the eggs thence to the fry providing some protection against ascorbic acid deficiency during the early stages of life.
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Law, Ka-po, and 羅家寶. "Systematic review on the association between nutrition labelling and choice of healthier food." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46938680.
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McCallum, Ian. "Qualitative and quantitative aspects of the protein nutrition of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25827.
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Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of protein source and level in the diet of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) reared in fresh water tanks. The protein sources compared were a freeze-dried pollock muscle and euphausid mix (9:1)(FPE), three whole herring meals processed differently from the same lot of raw herring and a casein-gelatin mix supplemented with arginine and DL-methionine (CS). The protein sources were tested at three levels of dietary protein in isocaloric diets fed to satiation to duplicate groups of fish for a 42-day period. Protein was replaced by dextrin and glucose on an estimated metabolizable energy basis. The various methods employed to evaluate protein quality yielded different values relative to FPE. In terms of growth rate and assays based on body protein gain, FPE was found to be the best protein source.
Low temperature (75°C) drying of herring meal caused a slight reduction in protein quality compared to freeze-drying . High temperature (150°C) dried herring meal was found to be an extremely poor quality protein source. Although high estimates of protein quality were obtained for CS, lower food intake depressed growth in fish fed CS diets. The determination of the endogenous loss of nitrogen from fish enabled the partitioning of protein intake into the amounts used for growth, maintenance and exogenous excretion for each protein source. In Experiment 2, two series of isocaloric diets were tested containing 17 to 47% protein, in increments of 10%, provided by FPE at two levels of dietary energy. The equation y = -0.50699 + 0.25398x - 8.37872x² ,(where y = specific growth rate, and x = protein energy:total energy (PE:TE)) was derived to quantify the dietary protein requirement for juvenile chinook salmon over a 105-day period. Maximum growth was achieved at a PE:TE ratio of 0.55. However, for practical purposes the PE:TE ratio required was found to lie in the range between 0.35 and 0.55. The range permits the fish culturist to consider economic efficiency in diet formulation.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
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Malik, Amirmuslim, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Studies on dietary fibre: Analysis, epidemiological and physiological aspects." Deakin University. School of Sciences, 1986. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050902.142103.
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This thesis involves an investigation in three areas; first, a study of an enzymatic-gravimetric method for the analysis of dietary fibre; second, a survey of dietary fibre intake in an area of a developing country, and finally, some observations on the functional aspects of gel-forming dietary fibre in the rat.
A simple and rapid enzymatic-gravimetric assay for both soluble and insoluble dietary fibre has been critically investigated. Reference samples were also analysed by a more comprehensive, enzymatic gas chromatographic method to allow testing of the relative accuracy of the enzymatic-gravimetric method. The enzymatic-gravimetric method was found to be highly reproducible but gave a slightly higher value for total dietary fibre than the more comprehensive method. This discrepancy is probably due to the presence of small quantities of resistant starch and protein residue which are recovered in the enzymatic-gravimetric method. In the enzymatic-gas chromatographic method, protein residue is not measured, and resistant starch is estimated, but not counted as dietary fibre.
The enzymatic-gravimetric method was applied to the analysis of foods commonly consumed in the Padang region of West Sumatra in Indonesia, in order to estimate dietary fibre intake in the region. Daily intakes of usual foods were estimated by use of a 24-hour recall procedure aided by food photographs to assist in the estimation of portion size. Samples of approximately 60 of the most commonly consumed foods were collected and analysed for dietary fibre. These appear to be the first data which report values for dietary fibre in Indonesion foods and they represent a significant
improvement upon the existing data on crude fibre content. Knowledge of the amounts of foods usually consumed and their dietary fibre content allowed an estimation of usual intakes of dietary fibre. Fibre intake was found to be lower than in the developing countries of Africa and was comparable to intakes measured in the U.K. This is the first study to show that in this part of South East Asia, a developing country area using polished rice as a staple food, dietary fibre intakes are as low as in Western countries.
Low intakes of fibre are believed to be related to the prevalence of a range of diseases and, in this study, preliminary data on the rates of non-infective, chronic diseases were collected from the two main hospitals in West Sumatra. Chronic, non-infectious diseases such as inguinal hernia, appendicitis, haemorrhoids, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and malignant neoplasms of the rectum are relatively frequent in West Sumatra. While no firm conclusions can be drawn from these data, they do show the possibility of a relationship between low intakes of dietary fibre and the prevalence of these diseases, and suggest that further investigation is necessary.
Some observations were made of the effect of gel-forming dietary fibre on stomach emptying and intestinal transit rate in the rat. Xanthan gum was added to iso-osmotic solutions to produce increased viscosity and phenol sulphonphthalein (phenol red) was used as a non-absorbable marker. Gavage feeding of solutions with a range of viscosities was used to study the effect of viscosity on the rate of stomach emptying and intestinal transit. Increased viscosity was observed to slow gastro-intestinal transit and this provides one mechanism by which dietary fibre of the gel-forming type ray improve glucose tolerance.
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Perez, Yvan. "L'appareil digestif des chaetognathes : structure et ultrastructure, aspects fonctionnales et écophysiologiques." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11075.
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La structure et l'ultrastructure de l'epithelium digestif de plusieurs genres de chaetognathes (eukrohnia, pterosagitta, sagitta, spadella) temoignent d'une bonne homogeneite. L'epithelium digestif de la region cephalique est constitue de trois types cellulaires secreteurs (s1, s2, s3). La structure fine de leurs grains de secretion suggere une synthese de mucosubstances (s1), d'enzymes (s3) ou des deux a la fois (s2). L'epithelium de l'intestin, situe dans la region du tronc, est compose de deux types cellulaires cilies. Le premier, s4, contient des grains de secretion elaborant probablement la membrane peritrophique et/ou lubrifiant la paroi intestinale. Le second, a, est surtout implique dans une fonction d'absorption et de digestion intracellulaire de macromolecules. Le volume vacuolaire des cellules a varie fortement chez certaines especes mesoplanctoniques du genre sagitta. Chez s. Zetesios et s. Megalophthalma, le degre de vacuolisation est inversement proportionnel au nombre de cellules a hypervacuolisees situees dans les parties laterales de l'epithelium intestinal. Chez s. Minima et s. Decipiens, le volume vacuolaire augmente considerablement, les parties laterales de l'intestin n'etant plus constituees que par deux cellules a ultravacuolisees. La signification ecophysiologique de l'augmentation du volume vacuolaire des cellules a est discutee en fonction de la repartition verticale de plusieurs especes et les vacuoles sont supposees intervenir dans la regulation de la flottabilite. Au cours d'experiences de nutrition realisees chez spadella cephaloptera, les premiers signes de l'activite d'absorption s'observent 5 minutes apres l'ingestion d'une proie avec la presence de vesicules d'endocytose et de vacuoles apicales de type endosome. Durant les etapes suivantes et jusqu'a 10 h apres l'ingestion, se developpe un second type de vacuoles correspondant au compartiment endolysosomal. L'utilisation de traceurs (ferritine, peroxydase) confirme l'implication de ces structures dans les phenomenes d'absorption. Au cours d'un jeune prolonge, l'absorption persiste dans les cellules a, permettant probablement l'internalisation de molecules organiques dissoutes. Parallelement, les cellules s4 presentent des figures de necrose. Apres 1 mois de jeune, la necrose gagne l'ensemble du tissu intestinal et les specimens meurent quelques jour plus tard. La circulation des nutriments a ete envisagee a partir de l'etude des matrices extracellulaires et des cellules epithelio-musculaires peri-intestinales. Les relations morphologiques existant entre le tissu intestinal et ces compartiments suggerent que ceux-ci jouent un role majeur dans le transfert de substances d'origine digestive vers les fluides de la cavite generale. Enfin, en comparant la structure fine des matrices extracellulaires se prolongeant dans le reste du tronc, l'emergence d'un systeme circulatoire vasculaire est discutee.
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Foroutan-Pour, Kayhan. "Aspects of barley post-anthesis nitrogen physiology." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22730.
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The protein concentration of cereal grains is low and the production of cereal crops with increased grain protein concentrations is desirable. This work investigates the physiological aspects of protein accumulation potential in barley grain. A recently developed perfusion system was used in four experiments conducted in 1993 and 1994. In the field experiment, plants were allowed to take up urea at 15 or 30 mM N, or ethephon at 15 $ mu$ M. Abscisic acid and 2,4-D decreased total seed weight spike$ sp{-1}$. Gibberellic acid and 2,4-D increased seed protein concentration and content, while ABA decreased both of these. Kinetin and abscisic acid treatments resulted in the highest and lowest levels, respectively for flag leaf photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and intercellular CO$ sb2$ concentration. Both protein content spike$ sp{-1}$ and seed protein concentration were elevated in plants fertilized with 10.7 mM N via the soil and plants perfused with 30 mM N via the peduncle. Plants receiving treatments of 10.7 mM N from the soil and mixture of 30 mM N and GA$ sb3$ or 2,4-D through the peduncle had increased protein content seed$ sp{-1}$, and the highest seed weight spike$ sp{-1}$, respectively. Peduncle perfusion with 30 mM N increased spike protein concentration and content and grain protein concentration without affecting seed weight spike$ sp{-1}$. Grain protein concentration was increased by peduncle perfusion with ethephon. The perfusion technique worked well under field conditions. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Slegtenhorst, Sonja. "Antioxidant intake in paediatric oncology patients." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18050.
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Thesis (MNutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: The role of antioxidants and adequate nutrition in the prevention and course of cancer treatment is globally recognised in nullifying the effects of free radicals and increasing the nutritional status of children during treatment. Objective: To investigate whether children with cancer meet their Dietary Reference Values and Safe Intakes for antioxidants, energy and protein. Design: Single centre prospective study. Setting: Children were recruited from the East of England Primary Treatment Centre using convenience sampling over 8 months. Forty-two children and adolescents diagnosed with a Solid tumour, Lymphoma or Leukaemia were eligible for data analysis (n=20 male; n=22 female). Method: Data was collected with an Estimated Food Record (EFR) in the 1st (EFR1) and 3rd month (EFR2) post-diagnosis. In the week following EFR completion, parents and/or children were contacted to complete four non-consecutive days of 24-hr food recalls. Data was categorised into diet alone, diet + food supplement (FS), tube feeding (tube) or diet + multi-vitamin-mineral supplementation (VMS). Malnutrition was determined by weight-for-age z-scores. Nutrient intake was compared to the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI), the Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) and the Lower Recommended Nutrient Intake (LRNI). Result: The sample consisted of 33% (n=14) diagnosed with Leukaemia, 24% (n=10) with Lymphoma and 43% (n=18) with Solid tumours. Sixty seven percent (n=28) underwent chemotherapy and 33% (n=14) a combination of therapies. Significant correlations were seen between the assessment tools in the diet alone category for both months for; vitamins A, C, E, selenium and protein and for EFR1 for zinc and energy. In both months greater numbers of children achieved ≥100% of requirements for diet + VMS (EFR 1; p<0.05; EFR2 p<0.05) than for other feeding modes. Vitamin C achieved the highest intakes compared to the RNI at 773% (EFR1) and 829% (EFR2). Intakes above 200% of the RNI were seen for vitamins A, C, E, selenium and zinc. No significant differences were seen between modes of feeding in either month for selenium or zinc. Vitamin A (EFR1≤ 100% diet alone p<0.05) and zinc (EFR1≤ 100% diet alone p=0.02) met the least of the LRNI in the 1st month compared to other antioxidants. No statistical significant difference was observed between the number of children attaining their EAR’s between the 3 modes of feeding in the 1st month and 3rd month. In the 1st month 27% (n=8) of participants consumed vitamin and/or mineral supplements, 18% in the 3rd month (n=4). In the 1st month 5% (n=2) of children were moderately malnourished and 10% (n=4) in 3rd month. Conversely in the 1st month 3% (n=1) were overweight and 3% (n=1) obese; the leukaemia group predominant. Conclusion: The research tools showed good correlation. Children using vitamin and/or mineral supplements mostly achieved their RNI’s compared to other feeding modes. Across feeding modes some children achieved antioxidant intakes above 200% RNI. LRNI’s on diet alone were not achieved for vitamin A and zinc. The study showed Leukaemics as having a higher prevalence of obesity. More research is required to determine the clinical implications of these findings.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond: Die rol van anti-oksidante en voldoende voeding in die voorkoming en verloop van kanker behandeling word wêreldwyd erken vir vernietiging van die effek van vry radikale en die verbetering van voedingstatus van kinders tydens behandeling. Doelwit: Om ondersoek in te stel of kinders met kanker hul Dieet Verwysingswaardes en Veilige Innames vir anti-oksidante, energie en proteïen bereik. Ontwerp: Enkel sentrum prospektiewe studie. Omgewing: Kinders was gewerf deur middel van gerieflikheidsteekproefneming oor 8 maande vanaf die “East of England Primary Treatment Centre”. Twee-en-veertig kinders en adolessente gediagnoseer met 'n Soliede tumor, Limfoom of Leukemie het in aanmerking gekom vir dataanalise (n=20 manlik, n=22 vroulik). Metode: Data was ingesamel met ‘n Geskatte Voedsel Rekord (GVR) in die eerste (GVR1) en derde maand (GVR2) na diagnose. In die week na voltooiing van die GVR is ouers en/of kinders gekontak om vier onopeenvolgende dae van 24-uur herroepe te voltooi. Data was verdeel in dieet alleen, dieet + voedsel supplement (VS), buisvoeding (buis) of dieet + multi-vitamien-mineraal supplementasie (VMS). Wanvoeding was bepaal deur middel van gewig-vir-ouderdom z-tellings. Nutriënt inname was vergelyk met die Aanbevole Nutriënt Inname (ANI), die Geskatte Gemiddelde Behoeftes (GGB) en die Laer Aanbevole Nutriënt Inname (LANI). Resultate: Die steekproef het bestaan uit 33% (n=14) gediagnoseer met Leukemie, 24% (n=10) Limfoom en 43% (n=18) Soliede tumore. Sewe-en-sestig persent (n=28) het chemoterapie ontvang en 33% (n=14) ‘n kombinasie van terapieë. Betekenisvolle korrelasies was waargeneem tussen die assesseringsinstrumente in die dieet alleen kategorie vir beide maande vir vitamiene A, C, E, selenium en proteïen en vir GVR1 ook vir sink en energie. In beide maande het ‘n groter aantal kinders ≥100% van hul behoeftes bereik vr dieet+VMS (GVR1; p<0.05; GVR2 p<0.05) as vir ander modi van voeding. Vitamien C het die hoogste innames bereik vergeleke met die ANI teen 773% (GVR1) en 829% (GVR2). Innames bo 200% van die ANI was waargeneem vir vitamiene A, C, E, selenium en sink. Geen betekenisvolle verskille was waargeneem tussen modi van voeding in enige maand vir selenium en sink nie. Vitamien A (GVR1≤100% dieet alleen p<0.05) en sink (GVR1≤100% dieet alleen p=0.02) het die minste van die LANI bereik in die eerste maand vergeleke met ander anti-oksidante. Geen statisties beduidende verskil was waargeneem tussen die aantal kinders wat hul GGB’s bereik het tussen die 3 voedingswyses in die eerste en derde maande nie. In die eerste maand het 27% (n=8) van deelnemers vitamien en/of mineraal supplemente ingeneem, en 18% (n=4) in die derde maand. In die eerste maand was 5% (n=2) van kinders matig wangevoed en 10% (n=4) in die derde maand. In die eerste maand was 3% (n=1) van kinders oorgewig en 3% (n=1) vetsugtig, die leukemie groep spesifiek. Gevolgtrekking: Die navorsingsinstrumente het goeie korrelasie getoon. Kinders wat vitamien en/of mineraal supplemente gebruik het het meestal hul ANI’s bereik vergeleke met ander modi van voeding. Oor voeding modi het sommige kinders anti-oksidant innames bo 200% ANI bereik. LANI’s op dieet alleen was nie bereik vir Vitamien A en sink nie. Hierdie studie het aangetoon dat dié met Leukemia ‘n hoër prevalensie van oorgewig/vetsug getoon het. Meer navorsing is nodig om die kliniese implikasies van die bevindinge te bepaal.
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Oberländer, Lisa. "Nutrition transition in emerging countries." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEH003.
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Au cours des dernières décennies la composition de l’alimentation a changé : les graisses et le sucre ont partiellement remplacé les fibres dans l’alimentation. Cette transition nutritionnelle représente un défi en termes de santé publique : une alimentation riche en graisses et sucre constitue un facteur important de risque de diabète et de maladies cardiovasculaires. Si les pays à haut niveau de revenu ont été les premiers concernés par cette transition nutritionnelle, les pays à revenus intermédiaires sont désormais touchés, et les conséquences en termes de santé publique sont particulièrement lourdes dans ces pays. Cette thèse a pour objectif de mieux comprendre les causes et déterminants de la transition nutritionnelle dans les pays émergents. Le premier chapitre porte sur le rôle respectif des deux dimensions principales de la mondialisation – la dimension économique et la dimension sociale – quant aux changements de régime alimentaire. Nous concluons que la dimension sociale de la mondialisation (accès à d’autres cultures au moyen d’Internet et de la télévision) joue un rôle plus important dans ces changements que l’intégration des pays émergents au sein de l’économie mondiale. Le deuxième chapitre s’appuie sur les résultats du premier, et analyse un aspect de la dimension sociale de la mondialisation : la publicité et les émissions télévisées. J’utilise des données sur le cas de l’Indonésie pour estimer les effets de l’accès aux chaînes de télévision privées durant l’enfance sur l’alimentation à l’âge adulte. Les résultats suggèrent que l’information sur les produits et modes de vie diffusée par la télévision entraîne une consommation élevée de « snacks » et de sodas. Le troisième chapitre étudie un autre déterminant des choix alimentaires, les variations de température de court terme, en s’appuyant sur des données portant sur le Mexique. Les estimations indiquent qu’en cas de fortes températures les individus augmentent leur consommation de sodas, et non pas d’eau. Cet effet est lié aux changements de consommations des personnes qui apprécient et achètent des sodas habituellement : en cas de fortes chaleurs, elles cèdent plus facilement à leurs envies. Ce résultat valide l’hypothèse d’une réponse comportementale impulsive aux variations de températureAround the world, countries have experienced a profound shift in the composition of their diet over recent decades. Diets have become richer in fats and sugar at the expense of fibers. This nutrition transition poses important policy challenges for health. Diets rich in sugar and certain types of fat constitute important risk factors for non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, a number of cancers, as well as for intermediate outcomes such as obesity and hypertension. The nutrition transition started in high-income countries but emerging countries are now also affected and its health impacts cause a substantial economic burden in particular for emerging countries. In light of these challenges my thesis aims at contributing to a better understanding of the underlying causes of the nutrition transition. One important driver of supply side dynamics is deeper economic integration. There is one strand in the economic empirical literature that uses an index of globalisation to measure economic integration for a large number of countries and over time. In my first paper, together with my co-authors, we add to this literature by analysing the relative importance of economic integration and social dimensions of globalisation for the composition of food supply. We find that social dimensions are more important than economic integration and these findings point at the relevance of demand side dynamics.Research regarding demand side dynamics sets out to understand why and how consumers' preferences have changed. Food advertisements play an important role in influencing consumer's food choices. Few papers from high-income countries estimate the effect of TV advertising on children's food consumption and overweight prevalence. My second chapter adds to this literature on food advertising by providing evidence for a middle-income country. Moreover, I build a bridge to the literature on preference formation by analysing the effect of exposure to television during childhood on food preferences during adulthood. I find that television exposure during childhood is associated with higher snacks and soda consumption later in life. Finally, impulsive food choices may also be influenced by environmental circumstances such as higher temperatures. Together with my co-author, in my third chapter, we estimate the effect of short-term temperature variations during one week on food consumption patterns in Mexico. From the physiological literature we understand that thirsty individuals should drink more water in response to higher temperatures. Yet, we find that individuals with a strong preference for sugar-sweetened drinks purchase more sodas instead
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Orsini, Elena. "Understanding molecular and physiological aspects of plant mineral nutrition : strategies for phosphorus and sulfur uptake /." Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17608.
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Olstorpe, Matilda. "Feed grain improvement through biopreservation and bioprocessing : microbial diversity, energy conservation and animal nutrition aspects /." Uppsala : Dept. of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/200877.pdf.
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Kruger, David Philip. "Aspects of nutrition of the swordtail fish, Xiphophorus Helleri, (Family : Poeciliidae) under intensive culture conditions." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005062.
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The aim of this work was to investigate the nutrition of a popular ornamental fish, the swordtail (Xiphophorus helleri), under intensive aquaculture conditions. The study focused on the formulation and manufacture of artificial dry diets, as well as the influence of livefeed supplementation on growth and nutritional indices of both juvenile and broodstock fish. A combination of 65% fishmeal and 35% soya oil cake meal was found to closely approximate the essential amino acid profile of X helleri (r² = 94,3%) and lysine was identified as the first limiting amino acid. The influence of dietary protein and energy on the growth of X helleri was investigated by means of a growth trial comparing a range of nine test diets combining 3 crude protein (45,38 and 30%) and 3 digestible energy (16,5, 14,5 and 12,5 kJ/gram) levels. A high crude protein content (45% dry matter) and a protein to energy ratio of ≥ 27 mg protein per kJ digestible energy was shown to promote optimal growth rate and feed conversion ratio in juvenile X helleri. The final body protein and lipid content of the fish were significantly correlated with the dietary protein to energy ratio. The nutritional value of identical dietary formulations prepared by drum-drying or cold extrusion techniques and presented either as flake or crumble particles was evaluated in a growth trial and through analysis of vitamin C levels in the diets. Up to 27% of vitamin C activity was destroyed during the drum-drying of flake diets, while 80% of the remaining vitamin C was lost through leaching within 10 minutes of immersion in water. A crumble-type diet was shown to be acceptable to X helleri, and yielded significantly better growth rate and feed conversion than the equivalent flake feed. Almost 19% of fish fed the flake diets developed vitamin C deficiency symptoms including scoliosis and lordosis, while this was completely prevented by feeding crumbles, indicating a significant restriction of leaching losses from this type of particle. The use of livefeed (Daphnia spp.) as a daily supplement to dry feeds was shown to result in a significant improvement in growth rate and survival of juvenile swordtail fish. Furthermore, the synergistic action of nutrients contained in the livefeed resulted in an improvement in the feed conversion efficiency of the artificial formulation. While mortalities of 13,4% and 15% were recorded in fish fed exclusively on flake feed or Daphnia, no mortality occurred in the group fed the supplemented diet. Furthermore, the incidence of vitamin C deficiency symptoms was prevented by daily supplementation with Daphnia. Fish fed exclusively on Daphnia exhibited significantly more intense pigmentation due to carotenoids contained in the livefeed. In broodstock fish maintained primarily on flake diets, growth rate, feed conversion ratio as well as reproductive performance, as measured by fecundity, were significantly improved by daily livefeed supplementation. Weekly supplementation showed no measurable advantage over flake feed only. A direct correlation was demonstrated between fecundity and size of female fish with a mean fecundity of 190 embryos per female in those fed a daily Daphnia supplement. This was significantly higher than the yield from the non-supplemented or weekly supplemented treatments (133 and 140 embryos per female respectively). Despite these differences, the number of young harvested during the experiment did not differ between treatments and this discrepancy was ascribed to parental cannibalism of newborn juveniles. This phenomenon constitutes a major potential bottleneck in production with estimates of up to seventy percent of young lost in some exp experimental tanks. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that established aquaculture nutrition principles and techniques are applicable to the tropical ornamental fish species, X helleri. It was demonstrated that by using balanced crumble feed formulations, and regular livefeed supplementation, production yields under intensive conditions may be significantly improved. Suggestions for future work on poeciliid production in South Africa include investigation of the economic implications of the recommendations stemming from this project, and further research into effective restriction of parental cannibalism of newborn fish.
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Smith, Anna Magdalena. "Food choices of tactile defensive children." Thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020371.
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This research explores a different view of the picky or fussy eater. Although occupational therapists and speech therapists are aware that children with sensory defensiveness and specific tactile defensiveness have different eating habits, this has not been described before.
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Heppolette, Chantal Ann Adele. "The role of early life nutrition in the programming of the adaptive immune system." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610678.
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Kobe, Judith A. "Aspects of nutritional knowledge, attitudes and practices of nurses working at the surgical division at the Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1514.
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Thesis (MNutr (Human Nutrition))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.INTRODUCTION: Adequate nutrition is required for patients to improve and maintain their health. Nurses are in one of the best positions to ensure adequate nutrition because of their holistic caring role. The aim of the study was to determine aspects of the current nutritional knowledge, attitudes and practices of registered nurses towards nutritional management of patients. RESEARCH METHODS: This was a descriptive and observational study. One hundred and one out of 160 Kenyan registered nurses working at the surgical division at Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya successfully completed the study representing a 63% response rate. The 47-item validated questionnaire consisted of 9 socio-demographic questions, 13 questions on nutrition knowledge, 13 questions on attitude and 12 questions on nurses’ practices. RESULTS: The general performance of the registered nurses on the selected aspects of knowledge, attitudes and practices was overall poor. They contradicted themselves on their beliefs in relation to their practices. They did not know their primary role in nutrition care, neither did they know the role played by dietitians/nutritionists and doctors. Twenty-six percent of the registered nurses strongly agreed that it was the nurses’ responsibility to assess the nutritional status of patients compared to 72% who strongly agreed it was the dietitians’/nutritionists’ responsibility and 24% who strongly agreed it was the doctors' responsibility. Eighty-two percent reported that they would refer patients to a dietitian/nutritionist, 18% that they would discuss diet options with the patients, while none of the registered nurses would consult the doctor if they felt that the patient was not receiving adequate nutrition. Seventy-five percent of them suggested that nutritional care of patients could be improved by adopting a multidisciplinary approach and 18% by catering staff feeding the patients. Only 28% reported that nutritional issues were included in ward rounds. Although 72% of the registered nurses reported that it was important to weigh patients on admission, only 43% reported actually weighing patients, of which 59% weighed patients for medication purposes and only 18% weighed patients for nutritional status assessment. The overall nutritional knowledge score was graded as average (57%). The poorest scores were noted for knowledge on clinical nutrition questions (14%) and the highest scores for knowledge on basic nutrition questions (91%). CONCLUSION: Although the nurses regarded nutritional care of patients as important, their practices seemed to contradict their attitudes. Considering the responsibility the nurses are entrusted with regarding patient nutritional care, their current knowledge, attitudes and practices towards nutritional care is a cause for concern. The results of this study provide a basis for continuous nutrition education, well-designed protocols for nutritional status assessment by registered nurses and efforts directed towards improved clinical practice.
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Chu, Fong Lam 1976. "Total toxaphene and specific congeners in Inuit foods and diets." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33732.
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Elevated toxaphene levels have been reported in the biota of the Arctic. The purpose of this study is to measure total toxaphene levels in food samples commonly consumed by the Canadian Inuit and study the relationship between concentrations of total toxaphene and individual congeners. A total of 127 Inuit food samples were collected for toxaphene analysis. Total toxaphene and the specific toxaphene congeners including Parlar #26, #40/41, #42, #44, #50 and #62 were detected in the food samples. Total toxaphene concentrations ranged from 13 to 2800 ng/g and various congener concentrations ranged from 0 to 610 ng/g. Concentrations of total toxaphene were strongly correlated with congener concentration in marine mammals and weaker in fish. The sum of congeners Parlar #26, #50 and #62 accounted for 0--15% of total toxaphene in fish and 0--66% in marine mammals. Regression models were used to estimate total toxaphene based on individual or combinations of congener concentrations. Dietary intake was estimated to be 1.07 and 0.78 mug/kg body weight per day in Chesterfield Inlet and Igloolik. Our results show that there is no general conversion factor that can be used to estimate total toxaphene concentrations based on congener measurements.
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Hammam, Hagar. "Lipids in supercritical carbon dioxide physical functional aspects /." Lund : Dept. of Food Technology, University of Lund, 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39158186.html.
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Huang, Wenhu. "Extracellular glutathione peroxidase purification, immunoassay, nutritional regulation and clinical aspects /." Lund : Lund University Dept. of Applied Nutrition and Food Chemistry, 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/38100668.html.
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Pryer, Jane Allison. "Socio-economic and environmental aspects of undernutrition and ill-health in an urban slum in Bangladesh." Thesis, University of London, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296768.
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Alfonzo, González Gisell Coromoto. "Étude des effets de l'exercice et de la nutrition sur l'équilibre énergétique et macronutritionnel." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18335.
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Peck, Celeste 1956. "FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERNS IN OBESE WOMEN." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276420.
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Rozario, Suzanna R. "Evaluation of Nutrition Risk and Body Mass Index in Maine Seniors." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2006. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/RozarioSR2006.pdf.
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Karkuki, Osguei Nushin. "The relationship between socio-economic variation and nutritional status of under five year old Nepalese children and their mothers." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648724.
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Boulos, Patricia. "Impact of nutrition education on knowledge and eating patterns in HIV-infected individuals." FIU Digital Commons, 1990. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1749.
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Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and impaired or threatened nutritional status seem to be closely related. It is now known that AIDS results in many nutritional disorders including anorexia, vomiting, protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), nutrient deficiencies, and gastrointestinal, renal, and hepatic dysfunction (1-7, 8).
Reversibly, nutritional status may also have an impact on the development of AIDS among HIV-infected people. Not all individuals who have tested antibody positive for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) have developed AIDS or have even shown clinical symptoms (9, 10). A poor nutritional status, especially PEM, has a depressing effect on immunity which may predispose an individual to infection (11). It has been proposed that a qualitatively or quantitatively deficient diet could be among the factors precipitating the transition from HIV-positive to AIDS (12, 13).
The interrelationship between nutrition and AIDS reveals the importance of having a multidisciplinary health care team approach to treatment (11), including having a registered dietitian on the medical team. With regards to alimentation, the main responsibility of a dietitian is to inform the public concerning sound nutritional practices and encourage healthy food habits (14). In individuals with inadequate nutritional behavior, a positive, long-term change has been seen when nutrition education tailored to specific physiological and emotional needs was provided along with psychological support through counseling (14). This has been the case for patients with various illnesses and may also be true in AIDS patients as well.
Nutritional education specifically tailored for each AIDS patient could benefit the patient by improving the quality of life and preventing or minimizing weight loss and malnutrition (15-17). Also, it may influence the progression of the disease by delaying the onset of the most severe symptoms and increasing the efficacy of medical treatment (18, 19).
Several studies have contributed to a dietary rationale for nutritional intervention in HIV-infected and AIDS patients (2, 4, 20-25). Prospective, randomized clinical research in AIDS patients have not yet been published to support this dietary rationale; however, isolated case reports show its suitability (3). Furthermore, only nutrition intervention as applied by a medical team in an institution or hospital has been evaluated. Research is lacking concerning the evaluation of nutritional education of either non-institutionalized or hospitalized groups of persons who are managing their own food choice and intake. This study compares nutrition knowledge and food intakes in HIV-infected individuals prior to and following nutrition education. It was anticipated that education would increase the knowledge of nutritional care of AIDS patients and lead to better implementation of nutrition education programs.
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Luyindula, Nuanisa N. "Contribution à l'étude de la nutrition minérale du tournesol(Helianthus annuus L.): aspects quantitatifs et qualitatifs." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213636.
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Cheung, Winnie 1979. "Understanding factors affecting food intake in elderly women living in the community." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97929.
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Many community-dwelling seniors are reported to have inadequate dietary intakes. Factors affecting food intake have been studied mainly from the perspectives of health professionals. As the reasons for adequate food intake are complex, understanding the seniors' perspective could provide further help in understanding their needs.Three semi-structured interviews were conducted with each of eight community-dwelling women aged 73 to 91 who were at-risk of malnutrition. A qualitative analysis showed the women were reporting three essential aspects: struggling to maintain their independence (i.e., frustration with health care, stereotyping seniors, simplifying cooking); learning new ways of functioning (i.e., adapting to health limitations, simplifying meals etc) and; taking control (i.e., planning own meal and food supplies, monitoring health and keeping physically and mentally active). Finally, this qualitative research paradigm was useful and it demonstrated how careful listening could help to understand the individual needs of free-living seniors at risk of malnutrition.
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Lombard, Louise Ann. "Body composition of rheumatoid arthritis patients and their perceptions and practices regarding diet, nutritional supplements and other treatments." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17941.
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Thesis (MNutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2011ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation of the joints and surrounding tissue causing pain, swelling and stiffness. Studies suggest that aspects of the diet may alleviate symptoms and decrease the risk of complications. The scientific basis for a role of dietary therapy in RA has grown although there is still no consensus on the optimum diet. It has been shown that persons with RA tend to have a poor nutritional status; and rheumatoid cachexia, the loss of body cell mass, occurs in nearly two-thirds of all patients with RA. The study aimed to establish what RA patients are practicing and their perceptions regarding the effect of diet, nutritional supplements, medication and complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) and therapies on their symptoms as well as determining their body composition and the possible presence of rheumatoid cachexia. Methodology The study design was a cross-sectional study with an analytical component. The study population consisted of adult (18 years or older) RA patients in the Cape Metropole from the private and public sector. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used followed by the measurement of weight, height, waist circumference and skinfold thickness. Information was also gathered from the medical records. Results The sample size comprised of 251 RA patients (n=201 public sector; n=50 private sector). The mean body mass index (BMI) was 30.3 kg/m2 for females and 26.6 kg/m2 for males. BMI was used to classify obesity (n=133; 45.9%), overweight (n=66; 26.8%), normal weight (n=63; 25.6%) and underweight (n=4; 1.6%). Waist circumference measurement classifications showed a substantially increased risk for metabolic complications in 51.8% of participants (n=127) and an increased risk in 21.2% of participants (n=52). Just over half of the participants (n=65; 55.6%) had an unhealthy high body fat percentage classification. Rheumatoid cachexia was seen in 10.3% participants (n=12). Low fat-free mass (Fat-free mass index <10th percentile) was seen in 21% participants (n=24) and obesity (Fat mass index >90th percentile) was seen in 27% of participants (n=31). Twenty nine percent of participants (n=73) believed that certain types of food could improve their symptoms of RA and 60% of participants (n=151) believed that certain foods worsened their symptoms. Sixty four percent of participants (n=161) thought that nutritional supplements or complementary and alternative medicines and therapies could improve their symptoms of RA and 98% (n=246) of participants used nutritional supplements. The most frequently used supplements included folic acid (n=218; 91.6%), calcium (n=182; 76.5%), vitamin D (n=185; 77.7%), omega-3 fatty acids (n=48; 64.9%) and multivitamin and mineral preparations (n=22; 29.7%). Conclusion The obesity and waist circumference figures were unacceptably elevated in this population and the body composition of these RA patients should be highlighted as a concern. The high prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) need to be urgently addressed since CVD is the leading cause of mortality in RA patients. This study highlights the important role of the intra-professional team, including the dietitian, in the management of RA patients.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding Rumatoïede artritis (RA) is 'n chroniese, inflammatoriese, outo-immuun siekte wat gekenmerk word deur inflammasie van die gewrigte en omliggende weefsel en veroorsaak pyn, swelling en styfheid. Studies dui daarop dat aspekte van die dieet simptome kan verlig en die risiko van komplikasies kan verminder. Die wetenskaplike basis vir die rol van dieetterapie in RA het gegroei, hoewel daar nog geen konsensus aangaande die optimale dieet is nie. Dit is al bewys dat persone met RA geneig is om 'n swak voedingstatus te hê; en rumatoïede cachexia, die verlies van liggaam selmassa in byna twee-derdes van alle pasiënte met RA voorkom. Die doel van die studie was om te bepaal wat RA-pasiënte se praktyke en persepsies ten opsigte van die uitwerking van dieet, voedselaanvullings, medikasie en aanvullende of alternatiewe medisyne (CAM) en terapieë op hul simptome het, sowel as om hul liggaamsamestelling en die moontlike teenwoordigheid van rumatoïede cachexia te bepaal. Metodiek Die studie ontwerp was 'n dwarssnitstudie met 'n analitiese komponent. Die studiepopulasie het bestaan uit volwassene (18 jaar of ouer) RA pasiënte uit die privaat en openbare sektore in die Kaapse Metropool. Onderhoude was gevoer met behulp van vraelyste. Gewig, lengte, middelomtrek en velvoudikte was ook gemeet. Inligting was ook versamel uit mediese rekords. Resultate Die steekproefgrootte het uit 251 RA pasiënte (n=201 openbare sektor, n=50 privaat sektor) bestaan. Die gemiddelde liggaamsmassa-indeks (LMI) was 30.3 kg/m2 vir vroue en 26.6 kg/m2 vir mans. LMI was gebruik om vetsug te klassifiseer (n=133; 45.9%), asook oorgewig (n=66; 26.8%), normale gewig (n=63; 25.6%) en ondergewig (n=4; 1.6%). Klassifikasie van middelomtrek metings het 'n aansienlike verhoogde risiko vir metaboliese komplikasies in 51.8% van die deelnemers (n=127) en 'n verhoogde risiko in 21.2% van die deelnemers (n=52) getoon. Net meer as die helfte van die deelnemers (n=65; 55.6%) het 'n ongesonde hoë liggaamsvet persentasie klassifikasie getoon. Rumatoïede cachexia was by 10.3% van die deelnemers (n=12) gevind. Lae vetvrye massa (vetvrye massa indeks <10de persentiel) was by 21% deelnemers (n=24) en vetsug (vet massa indeks >90ste persentiel) in 27% van die deelnemers (n=31) teenwoordig. Nege-entwintig persent van die deelnemers (n=73) het geglo dat sekere voedselsoorte hul simptome van RA kon verbeter en 60% van die deelnemers (n=151) was van mening dat sekere kosse die simptome kon vererger. Vier-en-sestig persent van die deelnemers (n=161) het gedink dat voedingsaanvullings of aanvullende en alternatiewe medisyne en terapieë hulle simptome van RA kon verbeter en 98% (n=246) van die deelnemers het voedingsaanvullings gebruik. Die mees algemene gebruikte aanvullings was foliensuur (n=218; 91.6%), kalsium (n=182; 76.5%), vitamien D (n=185; 77.7%), omega-3 vetsure (n=48, 64,9%) en multi-vitamien en mineraal preparate (n=22; 29.7%). Gevolgtrekking Die vetsug en middelomtrek syfers was onaanvaarbaar verhoog in die studiepopulasie en die liggaamsamestelling van hierdie RA pasiënte is 'n bekommernis. Die hoë voorkoms van risikofaktore vir kardiovaskulêre siekte (KVS) moet dringend aangespreek word, aangesien die KVS die grootste oorsaak van sterfte in RA pasiënte is. Hierdie studie beklemtoon die belangrike rol van die intra-professionele span, met inbegrip van die dieetkundige, in die bestuur van RA pasiënte.
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Van, Zyl Elizma. "Glutamine supplementation in oncology : a systematic review." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5198.
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Thesis (MNutr (Interdisciplinary Health Sciences. Human Nutrition))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: See full text for abstract
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sien volteks vir opsomming
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Lewu, Muinat Nike. "Studies on the nutritional value of seven accessions of cocoyam growing in South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1001054.
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Cocoyam [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] is widely cultivated as a staple food in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The crop, however, remains unpopular and not well known outside KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa where it is cultivated mainly for subsistence. The aims of the study were to collect local landraces (accessions) of the crop from where it is found growing within the country for various studies and also to document its nutritional values as well as the safety/toxicity of the crop. The study was carried out using various methods. These included a comparative assessment of the proximate, mineral and antinutrient compositions of cooked and uncooked tubers of a typical commercially available cocoyam and potato found in South African markets. These investigations were repeated for the tubers and leaves of available landraces (seven accessions) of C. esculenta found growing in the farmers’ fields in KwaZulu-Natal Province. Also, an in vivo toxicological study on cooked accessions of the local landraces was conducted to determine possible toxicity effects after consumption using albino rats as a model. The results revealed that commercially available cocoyam and potato tubers have very close nutritional components. Analysis of the proximate composition of seven accessions (UFCe1- UFCe7) of cooked and uncooked tubers of cocoyam indicated that UFCe7 was better in ash, crude protein, crude fibre and crude lipid contents but with higher moisture which could make it more vulnerable to microbial attack. No tubers of the seven accessions appeared to be ii outstandingly better than the others based on their mineral compositions. However, in terms of antinutritional factors, UFCe1, UFCe3 and UFCe7 had the least amounts of oxalate, tannins and phytate in their cooked states. It was discovered however, that the leaves of the accessions of this vegetable contain substantial amount of minerals, and therefore, can contribute significantly to the nutrient requirements of humans and could be recommended as a cheap source of nutrients in South Africa. None of the accessions was outstandingly better than the others in terms of their mineral contents and anti-nutritional factors. Moreover, the current study has shown that boiling the leaves of cocoyam prior to consumption is an effective way of reducing the antinutrient contents of the leaves of the plant thereby making it safe for consumption. The findings also revealed that cooking C. esculenta leaves may increase the levels of protein, fibre and lipid contents while cooking may also decrease the mineral, carbohydrate and caloric contents of the leaves of the accessions. The leafy vegetable may, therefore, be recommended as a cheap source of plant protein. Cooking improved the nutritive value as a result of the reduction in antinutrient levels, thereby improving the food quality in all the tuber and leaf samples used for this study. At the same time, cooked samples also suffered loss of some nutrients with respect to the proximate and mineral compositions. However, supplementation from other food sources that are rich in these nutrients is necessary when these crops are cooked for consumption. Any of the cocoyam accessions may be recommended for consumption for improved protein and mineral nutrients while tubers of accession UFCe7 have also shown good promise in terms of protein and fibre content availability. The results of the in vivo study, using the liver and kidney functional endpoints of weanling albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) maintained on different accessions of cooked cocoyam-based iii diets (UFCe1-UFCe7) for 28 days, revealed that all the accessions produced selective alterations on the hepatorenal indices of weanling rats. The highest alterations were produced by UFCe4 while the least was from UFCe2. These alterations may have consequential effects on the normal functioning of the liver and kidney of the animals. The UFCe2 exhibited the least toxicity risk among the accessions of C. esculenta growing in KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa.
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Gunnarsson, Anna-Karin. "Patients with Hip Fracture : Various aspects of patient safety." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ortopedi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-232825.
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The overall aim of the thesis was to investigate whether patient safety can be improved for patients with hip fracture by nutritional intervention and by pharmacological treatment with cranberry concentrate. Another aim was to describe the patients’ experience of involvement in their care. The thesis includes results from four studies that include both quantitative and qualitative design. Studies I and II were intervention studies with a quasi-experimental design, with intervention and comparison groups. Study III was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with intervention and control groups. Study IV took a qualitative approach. Study I showed that when patients with hip fracture received nutritional supplementation according to nutritional guidelines, from admission until five days postoperatively, fewer patients developed pressure ulcers. Study II showed that it is possible to objectively evaluate a short-term nutritional intervention through the nutritional biochemical marker IGF-1, as it was affected by a five-day high-energy regimen. The randomised controlled trial, Study III, showed that a short-term treatment from admission until five days postoperatively with cranberry as capsules does not seem to be useful in preventing positive urine cultures in female patients with hip fracture and a urinary catheter. Finally, Study IV showed that patients with hip fracture reported experiencing very little involvement in their nursing care, to the extent that fundamental aspects of nursing care went unfulfilled. Patients did not feel valued by the nurses and unbearable pain that affected rehabilitation was reported. Positive interactions with nurses, however, did encourage patients to be more active. It is possible for every nurse to improve patient safety at bedside when caring for patients with hip fracture. Simply by increasing caloric/energy intake, it is possible to prevent pressure ulcers. It is also important to involve patients in nursing care, since the patients have experienced low or almost no involvement in care. Nurses need to see each patient as a whole person with different wishes and needs. However, certain prerequisites have to be in place to give nurses the opportunity to increase patient safety at bedside for patients with hip fracture.
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Oosthuizen, Lizalet. "Aspects of the involvement, confidence and knowledge of South African registered dietitians regarding genetics and nutritional genomics." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6796.
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Thesis (MNutr)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: Nutritional genomics is a new and emerging field aimed at investigating the complex interactions between genetics and diet and the joint influence this has on disease prevention and health promotion. Research is accelerating at a rapid pace and although still in its infancy, it is important for registered dietitians (RDs) to be knowledgeable and keep abreast of these developments as it promises to revolutionize dietetic practice. International studies have demonstrated low confidence and involvement as well as poor knowledge of both genetics and nutritional genomics amongst RDs. To date no similar studies have been conducted amongst South African (SA) RDs. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using a national survey of 1881 dietitians registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). Data was collected using an existing and validated questionnaire as developed for use in a similar study amongst RDs in the United Kingdom (UK). The self-administered questionnaire consisted of 4 sections to assess the following aspects: i) involvement and confidence in activities relating to genetics and nutritional genomics ii) knowledge of genetics and nutritional genomics iii) factors associated with knowledge and iv) demographic information. The main method of questionnaire distribution was via email (70%) using the Association of Dietetics in South Africa (ADSA) distribution service and questionnaires were posted to those RDs not registered with ADSA (30%). Results: The response rate was 15.2% (n = 279). Results showed low involvement in activities relating to genetics (n = 47, 17%) and nutritional genomics (n = 72, 25.8%). The majority of respondents indicated low confidence in performing activities relating to genetics (n = 161, 58.7%) and nutritional genomics (n = 148, 53.8%). However, a significant positive association was found between involvement and confidence for all activities (p < 0.001). The mean total knowledge score was 48.5 (±19%) and considered as low, with the mean genetics score of 58.5 (± 24%) being significantly higher than the nutritional genomics score of 31.9 (±23%), p < 0.001. Those respondents who reported involvement in discussing the genetic basis of a disease (p = 0.02); providing guidance to patients with genetic disorders (p = 0.01); providing training or education on human genetics (p = 0.01) and discussing with patients how diet may interact with genes to influence risk (p = 0.03) also had higher total knowledge scores. Factors associated with knowledge were greater genetics content in university studies (p < 0.001); higher qualification (p = 0.01); participating in related continuous professional development (CPD) activities (p <0.001) and considering genetics of greater importance to dietetic practice (p = 0.03). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that there is overall low involvement, confidence and knowledge of genetics and nutritional genomics amongst SA RDs and this compares well with international studies. Recommendations therefore include the development of a competency framework for genetics and nutritional genomics for undergraduate dietetic education as well as CPD activities in order to provide the driving force for the development of this field in SA.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding: Voeding genomika is 'n nuwe en ontwikkelende veld wat die komplekse interaksies tussen dieet en genetika bestudeer, asook die gesamentlike invloed wat dit op gesondheids- bevordering en siekte voorkoming het. Navorsing is vinnig besig om uit te brei en alhoewel dit nog in die begin fase is, is dit belangrik vir geregistreerde dieetkundiges (GDs) om op hoogte te bly van die nuutste ontwikkelinge, aangesien dit die potensiaal het om 'n merkwaardige invloed op die dieetkunde praktyk te hê. Internasionale studies het lae selfvertroue en betrokkenheid, asook lae kennis van genetika en voeding genomika onder GDs bevind. Daar is tans geen studies beskikbaar onder Suid Afrikaanse (SA) GDs nie. Methodes: 'n Dwarssit studie is onderneem deur gebruik te maak van 'n nasionale opname van al 1881 dieetkundiges wat by die Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) geregistreer is. Data is ingesamel deur 'n gevalideerde self-geadministreerde vraelys wat ook begruik is vir 'n eenderse studie onder dieetkundiges in die Vereenigde Koninkryk (VK). Dit het bestaan uit vier afdelings om die volgende aspekte te evalueer: i) betrokkenheid en selfvertroue in aktiwiteite te make met genetika en voeding genomika ii) kennis van genetika en voeding genomika iii) faktore wat met kennis geassosieer word asook iv) demografiese inligting. Die hoof metode van data insameling was deur middel van epos (70%) met behulp van die Association for Dietetics in South Africa (ADSA) se epos databasis. Vraelyste is aan diegene gepos wat nie geregistreer was by ADSA nie (30%). Resultate: Vyftien persent (n = 279, 15.2%) van GDs het op die vraellys gereaggeer. Resultate het lae betrokkenheid in aktiwitiete met betrekking tot genetika (n = 47, 17%) en voeding genomika (n = 72, 25.8%) gewys. Die meerderheid van die deelnemers het lae selfvertroue gerapporteer in die uitvoering van aktiwiteite wat genetika (n = 161, 58.7%), asook voeding genomika (n = 148, 53.8%) behels. Daar was 'n statistiese beduidende positiewe assosiasie tussen betrokkenheid en selfvertroue vir alle aktiwiteite (p < 0.001). Die gemiddelde kennis telling was 48.5 (±19%) wat as laag beskou kan word. Die gemiddelde kennis vir genetika van 58.5 (± 24%) was statisties beduidend meer as die vir voeding genomika 31.9 (±23%), p < 0.001. Deelnemers wat betrokkenheid aangedui het in die bespreking van die genetiese basis van 'n siekte (p = 0.02); raadgewing aan pasiënte met genetiese siektes (p = 0.01); lewering van opleiding met betrekking tot genetika (p = 0.01) asook die bespreking van die interaksie van dieet en genetika met pasiënte en die invloed hiervan op risiko (p = 0.03), het ook beduidende hoër totale kennis gehad. Faktore wat met kennis geassosieer word is die genetika inhoud in voorgraadse studies (p < 0.001), hoër kwalifikasies (p = 0.01), voorgesette professionele onderrig (VPO) (p <0.001) asook diegene wat genetika as belangrik beskou vir dieetkunde praktyk (p = 0.03). Gevolgtrekking: Die resultate van hierdie studie wys dat daar oor die algemeen lae betrokkenheid, selfvertroue en kennis is van genetika en voeding genomika onder SA GDs. Dit vergelyk goed met international bevindinge. Aanbevelings is dat 'n raamwerk vir die kennis van genetika asook voeding genomika ontwikkel word vir voorgraadse dieetkunde studies, asook die ontwikkeling van VPO aktiwiteite wat die dryfkrag sal voorsien vir die ontwikkeling van hierdie veld in SA.
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Chaumet, Eric. "La nutrition entérale à domicile (NED) : expérience de l'hôpital d'Eaubonne." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P200.
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Robert, Béatrice. "Les problèmes de la nutrition protéique dans le monde." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11072.
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Gundersen, Steven J. "Evaluation of a colored background on printed nutrition education material." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90931.
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A two session nutrition education research project was conducted using basic training candidates at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC), Glynco, Georgia. Prior to the administration of the full scale project, a test questionnaire was developed and evaluated and a project pilot test was conducted. The first part of the project involved the basic training candidates (N=313) responding to questionnaire survey designed to measure demographic and occupational data, knowledge of nutrition (NKQ), and attitudes toward nutrition (AQ). The NKQ and AQ were individually subdivided to measure various subscales. A minimum time period of 10 calendar days was allowed to elapse prior to the administration of the second part of this project. The same participants (N=286) were randomly assigned to one of four color treatment groups. All the groups were exposed to written nutrition education material, Eater's Almanac Vol. 1, No. 21, reprinted on one of four background colors (white, blue, green, and yellow). Following a set time period to review the contents, the candidates were administered an immediate recall questionnaire (IRQ).
The basic training candidates at FLETC possessed some knowledge of nutrition prior to reading the nutrition education material. Out of a possible maximum score of 20, the mean was 10.38. Food faddism issues appeared to be the weakest area. Improvement of nutrition knowledge was approximately equal among all treatment groups. The overall mean IRQ score was 13.28 with a ranqe of 12.92 to 13.60. The nutrition attitudes of the candidates were favorable with a mean cumulative score of 45.08 out of a possible 80 (2.83/item). Food faddism was the weakest area. Immediate recall scores were unaffected by the candidates attitudes (r=.122 p .05).
Background color does not appear to be a factor in the improvement of immediate recall scores. Basic training candidates possess favorable attitudes toward nutrition; however, this favorable attitude did not affect immediate recall scores. Further research efforts should be tailored toward the evaluation of additional relationships between color and nutrition education, long term nutrition education recall, the relationship of nutrition knowledge and nutrition attitudes, and their effect of knowledge and attitudes upon nutrition practices for law enforcement personnel.M.S.
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Johansson, Madelene. "Analytical and nutritional aspects of folate in cereals /." Uppsala : Dept. of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/200507.pdf.
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Carman, Judith Anne. "The metabolic relationship between nutrition and cancer /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc287.pdf.
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