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Journal articles on the topic 'NW Himalaya'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Thakur, V. C., R. Jayangondaperumal, and V. Joevivek. "Seismotectonics of central and NW Himalaya: plate boundary–wedge thrust earthquakes in thin- and thick-skinned tectonic framework." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 481, no. 1 (December 17, 2018): 41–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp481.8.

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AbstractThe tectonic framework of NW Himalaya is different from that of the central Himalaya with respect to the position of the Main Central Thrust and Higher Himalayan Crystalline and the Lesser and Sub Himalayan structures. The former is characterized by thick-skinned tectonics, whereas the thin-skinned model explains the tectonic evolution of the central Himalaya. The boundary between the two segments of Himalaya is recognized along the Ropar–Manali lineament fault zone. The normal convergence rate within the Himalaya decreases from c. 18 mm a−1 in the central to c. 15 mm a−1 in the NW segments. In the last 800 years of historical accounts of large earthquakes of magnitude Mw ≥ 7, there are seven earthquakes clustered in the central Himalaya, whereas three reported earthquakes are widely separated in the NW Himalaya. The earthquakes in central Himalaya are inferred as occurring over the plate boundary fault, the Main Himalayan Thrust. The wedge thrust earthquakes in NW Himalaya originate over the faults on the hanging wall of the Main Himalayan Thrust. Palaeoseismic evidence recorded on the Himalayan front suggests the occurrence of giant earthquakes in the central Himalaya. The lack of such an event reported in the NW Himalaya may be due to oblique convergence.

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2

Puniya, M. K., R. C. Patel, and P. D. Pant. "Structural and thermochronological studies of the Almora klippe, Kumaun, NW India: implications for crustal thickening and exhumation of the NW Himalaya." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 481, no. 1 (December 19, 2018): 81–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp481-2017-74.

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AbstractCrystalline klippen over the Lesser Himalayan Metasedimentary Sequence (LHMS) zone in the NW Himalaya have specific syn- and post-emplacement histories. These tectonics also provide a means to understand the driving factors responsible for the exhumation of the rocks of crystalline klippen during the Himalayan Orogeny. New meso- and microscale structural analyses, and thermochronological studies across the LHMS zone, Ramgarh Thrust (RT) sheet and Almora klippe in the eastern Kumaun region, NW Himalaya, indicate that the RT sheet and Almora klippe were a part of the Higher Himalayan Crystalline (HHC) of the Indian Plate which underwent at least one episode of pre-Himalayan deformation and polyepisodic Himalayan deformation in ductile and brittle–ductile regimes. The deformation temperature pattern within the Almora klippe records a normal thermal profile from its base to top but an inverted thermal profile from the base of Almora klippe down towards the LHMS zone. New fission-track data collected across the RT sheet and Almora klippe along Chalthi–Champawat–Pithoragarh traverse in the east Kumaun region document the exhumation of both units since Eocene times. Zircon fission-track (ZFT) ages from the Almora klippe range between 28.7 ± 2.4 and 17.6 ± 1.1 Ma, and from the RT sheet between 29.8 ± 1.6 and 22.6 ± 1.9 Ma; and the apatite fission-track (AFT) ages from the Almora klippe range between 15.1 ± 1.7 and 3.4 ± 0.5 Ma, and from the RT sheet between 8.7 ± 1.2 and 4.6 ± 0.6 Ma. The age pattern and diverse patterns of the exhumation rates reflect a clear tectonic signal in the RT sheet and the Almora klippe which acknowledge that the Cenozoic tectonics influenced the exhumation pattern in the Himalaya.

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3

Jaiswal, Manoj, Pradeep Srivastava, Jayant Tripathi, and Rafique Islam. "Feasibility of the Sar Technique on Quartz Sand of Terraces of NW Himalaya: A Case Study from Devprayag." Geochronometria 31, no. -1 (January 1, 2008): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10003-008-0015-8.

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Feasibility of the Sar Technique on Quartz Sand of Terraces of NW Himalaya: A Case Study from DevprayagOptically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating technique based on the Single Aliquot Regenerative dose (SAR) protocol is being used increasingly as a means of establishing sediment burial age in the late Quaternary studies. Thermal transfer, low and changing luminescence sensitivity of quartz grains of young sedimentary belts of the New Zealand Alps and the north-east Himalaya poses problems in using SAR protocol. Records of active tectonics and signatures of palaeo-climate are preserved in the Quaternary - Holocene terrace sediments. Therefore, to unfold the history of successive tectonic and palaeo-climate events, robust chronological technique is needed. Palaeoflood deposits in NW Lesser Himalayan region receive quartz from the weathering of various rock types such as quartzite and phyllite in the Alaknanda Basin. A series of tests e.g. dose recovery, preheat plateau, thermal recuperation and change in sensitivity, were performed to check the suitability of quartz grains collected from the terrace sediment of Devprayag of the NW Himalaya, for OSL studies. Inferences were drawn regarding the source of the quartz grains on the basis of the geochemistry and luminescence intensity of the terrace sediment. The study shows that though quartz from the North West Himalaya are low in luminescence intensity but the reproducibility of De value makes the quartz sand suitable for SAR dating technique. Relation between luminescence intensity with CIA values help to predict the provenance of quartz sand. Tests show that the quartz from NW Himalaya is suitable for SAR protocol in OSL.

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4

Jain, Arvind K. "Continental subduction in the NW-Himalaya and Trans-Himalaya." Italian Journal of Geosciences 136, no. 1 (February 2017): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3301/ijg.2015.43.

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5

Dey, Saptarshi, Rasmus C. Thiede, Arindam Biswas, Naveen Chauhan, Pritha Chakravarti, and Vikrant Jain. "Implications of the ongoing rock uplift in NW Himalayan interiors." Earth Surface Dynamics 9, no. 3 (June 2, 2021): 463–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-463-2021.

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Abstract. The Lesser Himalaya exposed in the Kishtwar Window (KW) of the Kashmir Himalaya exhibits rapid rock uplift and exhumation (∼3 mm yr−1) at least since the late Miocene. However, it has remained unclear if it is still actively deforming. Here, we combine new field, morphometric and structural analyses with dating of geomorphic markers to discuss the spatial pattern of deformation across the window. We found two steep stream segments, one at the core and the other along the western margin of the KW, which strongly suggest ongoing differential uplift and may possibly be linked to either crustal ramps on the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT) or active surface-breaking faults. High bedrock incision rates (>3 mm yr−1) on Holocene–Pleistocene timescales are deduced from dated strath terraces along the deeply incised Chenab River valley. In contrast, farther downstream on the hanging wall of the MCT, fluvial bedrock incision rates are lower (<0.8 mm yr−1) and are in the range of long-term exhumation rates. Bedrock incision rates largely correlate with previously published thermochronologic data. In summary, our study highlights a structural and tectonic control on landscape evolution over millennial timescales in the Himalaya.

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6

Quasim Jan, M. "Phase chemistry of blueschists from eastern Ladakh, NW Himalaya." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte 1987, no. 10 (October 1, 1987): 613–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpm/1987/1987/613.

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7

Kumar, Rohtash, Satish J. Sangode, and Sumit K. Ghosh. "A multistorey sandstone complex in the Himalayan Foreland Basin, NW Himalaya, India." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 23, no. 3 (July 2004): 407–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1367-9120(03)00176-7.

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8

Bungum, Hilmar, Conrad D. Lindholm, and Ambrish K. Mahajan. "Earthquake recurrence in NW and central Himalaya." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 138 (May 2017): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.01.034.

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9

Zeitler, Peter K. "Cooling history of the NW Himalaya, Pakistan." Tectonics 4, no. 1 (January 1985): 127–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/tc004i001p00127.

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10

Chamoli, Ashutosh, and R. B. S. Yadav. "Multifractality in seismic sequences of NW Himalaya." Natural Hazards 77, S1 (September 7, 2013): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0848-y.

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11

Vannay, Jean-Claude, and Albrecht Steck. "Tectonic evolution of the High Himalaya in Upper Lahul (NW Himalaya, India)." Tectonics 14, no. 2 (April 1995): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94tc02455.

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12

Parija, Mahesh Prasad, Sushil Kumar, V. M. Tiwari, N. Purnachandra Rao, Narendra Kumar, Shubhasmita Biswal, and Ishwar Singh. "Microseismicity, tectonics and seismic potential in the Western Himalayan segment, NW Himalaya, India." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 159 (June 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2018.03.016.

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13

Godin, Laurent, Mark Ahenda, Djordje Grujic, Ross Stevenson, and John Cottle. "Protolith affiliation and tectonometamorphic evolution of the Gurla Mandhata core complex, NW Nepal Himalaya." Geosphere 17, no. 2 (March 8, 2021): 626–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02326.1.

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Abstract Assigning correct protolith to high metamorphic-grade core zone rocks of large hot orogens is a particularly important challenge to overcome when attempting to constrain the early stages of orogenic evolution and paleogeography of lithotectonic units from these orogens. The Gurla Mandhata core complex in NW Nepal exposes the Himalayan metamorphic core (HMC), a sequence of high metamorphic-grade gneiss, migmatite, and granite, in the hinterland of the Himalayan orogen. Sm-Nd isotopic analyses indicate that the HMC comprises Greater Himalayan sequence (GHS) and Lesser Himalayan sequence (LHS) rocks. Conventional interpretation of such provenance data would require the Main Central thrust (MCT) to be also outcropping within the core complex. However, new in situ U-Th/Pb monazite petrochronology coupled with petrographic, structural, and microstructural observations reveal that the core complex is composed solely of rocks in the hanging wall of the MCT. Rocks from the core complex record Eocene and late Oligocene to early Miocene monazite (re-)crystallization periods (monazite age peaks of 40 Ma, 25–19 Ma, and 19–16 Ma) overprinting pre-Himalayan Ordovician Bhimphedian metamorphism and magmatism (ca. 470 Ma). The combination of Sm-Nd isotopic analysis and U-Th/Pb monazite petrochronology demonstrates that both GHS and LHS protolith rocks were captured in the hanging wall of the MCT and experienced Cenozoic Himalayan metamorphism during south-directed extrusion. Monazite ages do not record metamorphism coeval with late Miocene extensional core complex exhumation, suggesting that peak metamorphism and generation of anatectic melt in the core complex had ceased prior to the onset of orogen-parallel hinterland extension at ca. 15–13 Ma. The geometry of the Gurla Mandhata core complex requires significant hinterland crustal thickening prior to 16 Ma, which is attributed to ductile HMC thickening and footwall accretion of LHS protolith associated with a Main Himalayan thrust ramp below the core complex. We demonstrate that isotopic signatures such as Sm-Nd should be used to characterize rock units and structures across the Himalaya only in conjunction with supporting petrochronological and structural data.

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14

Hintersberger, E., R. C. Thiede, M. R. Strecker, and B. R. Hacker. "East-west extension in the NW Indian Himalaya." Geological Society of America Bulletin 122, no. 9-10 (May 10, 2010): 1499–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b26589.1.

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15

Shah, AA, A. Rajasekharan, N. Batmanathan, Zainul Farhan, Qibah Reduan, and JN Malik. "Detailed tectonic geomorphology of the Dras fault zone, NW Himalaya." AIMS Geosciences 7, no. 3 (2021): 390–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/geosci.2021023.

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<abstract> <p>Our recent mapping of the Dras fault zone in the NW Himalaya has answered one of the most anticipated searches in recent times where strike-slip faulting was expected from the geodetic studies. Therefore, the discovery of the fault is a leap towards the understanding of the causes of active faulting in the region, and how the plate tectonic convergence between India and Eurasia is compensated in the interior portions of the Himalayan collision zone, and what does that imply about the overall convergence budget and the associated earthquake hazards. The present work is an extended version of our previous studies on the mapping of the Dras fault zone, and we show details that were either not available or briefly touched. We have used the 30 m shuttle radar topography to map the tectonic geomorphological features that includes the fault scarps, deflected drainage, triangular facets, ridge crests, faulted Quaternary landforms and so on. The results show that oblique strike-slip faulting is active in the suture zone, which suggests that the active crustal deformation is actively compensated in the interior portions of the orogen, and it is not just restricted to the frontal portions. The Dras fault is a major fault that we have interpreted either as a south dipping oblique backthrust or an oblique north dipping normal fault. The fieldwork was conducted in Leh, but it did not reveal any evidence for active faulting, and the fieldwork in the Dras region was not possible because of the politically sensitive nature of border regions where fieldwork is always an uphill task.</p> </abstract>

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16

Sigoyer, Julia De, Stéphane Guillot, Jean-Marc Lardeaux, and Georges Mascle. "Glaucophane-bearing eclogites in the Tso Morari dome (eastern Ladakh, NW Himalaya)." European Journal of Mineralogy 9, no. 5 (September 24, 1997): 1073–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/9/5/1073.

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17

Islam, R., R. Upadhyay, T. Ahmad, V. C. Thakur, and A. K. Sinha. "Pan-African Magmatism, and Sedimentation in the NW Himalaya." Gondwana Research 2, no. 2 (April 1999): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1342-937x(05)70150-7.

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18

Stübner, Konstanze, Clare Warren, Lothar Ratschbacher, Blanka Sperner, Reinhard Kleeberg, Jörg Pfänder, and Djordje Grujic. "Anomalously old biotite40Ar/39Ar ages in the NW Himalaya." Lithosphere 9, no. 3 (February 14, 2017): 366–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/l586.1.

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19

Singh, Chandrani. "Spatial variation of seismicb-values across the NW Himalaya." Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk 7, no. 2 (July 31, 2014): 522–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2014.941951.

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20

Singh, Tejpal. "Active tectonic deformation processes in the NW sub-Himalaya." Journal of the Geological Society of India 89, no. 1 (January 2017): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12594-017-0569-z.

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21

Mohanty, Chirashree, Dibya J. Baral, and Javed N. Malik. "Use of satellite data for tectonic interpretation, nw Himalaya." Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing 32, no. 3 (September 2004): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03030884.

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22

O'Brien, Patrick J. "Eclogites and other high-pressure rocks in the Himalaya: a review." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 483, no. 1 (December 3, 2018): 183–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp483.13.

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AbstractHimalayan high-pressure metamorphic rocks are restricted to three environments: the suture zone; close to the suture zone; and (mostly) far (>100 km) from the suture zone. In the NW Himalaya and South Tibet, Cretaceous-age blueschists (glaucophane-, lawsonite- or carpholite-bearing schists) formed in the accretionary wedge of the subducting Neo-Tethys. Microdiamond and associated phases from suture-zone ophiolites (Luobusa and Nidar) are, however, unrelated to Himalayan subduction–collision processes. Deeply subducted and rapidly exhumed Indian Plate basement and cover rocks directly adjacent to the suture zone enclose eclogites of Eocene age, some coesite-bearing (Kaghan/Neelum and Tso Morari), formed from Permian Panjal Trap, continental-type, basaltic magmatic rocks. Eclogites with a granulite-facies overprint, yielding Oligocene–Miocene ages, occur in the anatectic cordierite ± sillimanite-grade Indian Plate mostly significantly south of the suture zone (Kharta/Ama Drime/Arun, north Sikkim and NW Bhutan) but also directly at the suture zone at Namche Barwa. The sequence carpholite-, coesite-, kyanite- and cordierite-bearing rocks of these different units demonstrates the transition from oceanic subduction to continental collision via continental subduction. The granulitized eclogites in anatectic gneisses preserve evidence of former thick crust as in other wide hot orogens, such as the European Variscides.

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23

Treloar, Peter J., Richard M. Palin, and Michael P. Searle. "Towards resolving the metamorphic enigma of the Indian Plate in the NW Himalaya of Pakistan." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 483, no. 1 (2019): 255–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp483-2019-22.

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AbstractThe Pakistan part of the Himalaya has major differences in tectonic evolution compared with the main Himalayan range to the east of the Nanga Parbat syntaxis. There is no equivalent of the Tethyan Himalaya sedimentary sequence south of the Indus–Tsangpo suture zone, no equivalent of the Main Central Thrust, and no Miocene metamorphism and leucogranite emplacement. The Kohistan Arc was thrust southward onto the leading edge of continental India. All rocks exposed to the south of the arc in the footwall of the Main Mantle Thrust preserve metamorphic histories. However, these do not all record Cenozoic metamorphism. Basement rocks record Paleo-Proterozoic metamorphism with no Cenozoic heating; Neo-Proterozoic through Cambrian sediments record Ordovician ages for peak kyanite and sillimanite grade metamorphism, although Ar–Ar data indicate a Cenozoic thermal imprint which did not reset the peak metamorphic assemblages. The only rocks that clearly record Cenozoic metamorphism are Upper Paleozoic through Mesozoic cover sediments. Thermobarometric data suggest burial of these rocks along a clockwise pressure–temperature path to pressure–temperature conditions of c. 10–11 kbar and c. 700°C. Resolving this enigma is challenging but implies downward heating into the Indian plate, coupled with later development of unconformity parallel shear zones that detach Upper Paleozoic–Cenozoic cover rocks from Neoproterozoic to Paleozoic basement rocks and also detach those rocks from the Paleoproterozoic basement.

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24

Sana, Hamid, and Sankar Kumar Nath. "Liquefaction potential analysis of the Kashmir valley alluvium, NW Himalaya." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 85 (June 2016): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2016.03.009.

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25

Nagy, Carl, Laurent Godin, Borja Antolín, John Cottle, and Douglas Archibald. "Mid-Miocene initiation of orogen-parallel extension, NW Nepal Himalaya." Lithosphere 7, no. 5 (June 9, 2015): 483–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/l425.1.

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26

Foster, G., D. Vance, T. Argles, and N. Harris. "The Tertiary collision-related thermal history of the NW Himalaya." Journal of Metamorphic Geology 20, no. 9 (December 11, 2002): 827–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1314.2002.00410.x.

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27

Yadav, Rajeev Kumar, Vineet K. Gahalaut, Amit Kumar Bansal, S. P. Sati, Joshi Catherine, Param Gautam, Kireet Kumar, and Naresh Rana. "Strong seismic coupling underneath Garhwal–Kumaun region, NW Himalaya, India." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 506 (January 2019): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.10.023.

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28

Sharma, Shubhra. "Late Quaternary Glacier Fluctuations in the NW Himalaya: Evolving Perspectives." Journal of the Geological Society of India 97, no. 5 (May 2021): 447–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12594-021-1710-6.

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29

Malik, Javed N., Ashutosh Kumar, Sravanthi Satuluri, Bishuddhakshya Puhan, and Asmita Mohanty. "Ground-Penetrating Radar Investigations along Hajipur Fault: Himalayan Frontal Thrust—Attempt to Identify Near Subsurface Displacement, NW Himalaya, India." International Journal of Geophysics 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/608269.

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The study area falls in the mesoseismal zone of 1905 Kangra earthquake (Mw 7.8). To identify appropriate trenching site for paleoseismic investigation and to understand the faulting geometry, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) survey was conducted across a Hajipur Fault (HF2) scarp, a branching out fault of Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT) in a foot hill zone of NW Himalaya. Several 2D and 3D profiles were collected using 200 MHz antenna with SIR 3000 unit. A 2D GPR profile collected across the HF2 scarp revealed prominent hyperbolas and discontinuous-warped reflections, suggesting a metal pipe and a zone of deformation along a low-angle thrust fault, respectively. The 3D profile revealed remarkable variation in dip of the fault plane and pattern of deformation along the strike of the fault.

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30

Bajpai, Sunil, Robin C. Whatley, G. V. R. Prasad, and John E. Whittaker. "An Oligocene non-marine ostracod fauna from the Basgo Formation (Ladakh Molasse), NW Himalaya, India." Journal of Micropalaeontology 23, no. 1 (May 1, 2004): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.23.1.3.

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Abstract. A small fauna of three species of non-marine cypridacean Ostracoda has been recovered from the Basgo Formation of the Ladakh Molasse in the North Western Himalaya, India. All three species are new and are described herein. They are: Dongyingia sannionis sp. nov., Candona himalaica sp. nov. and Eucypris alpina sp. nov. Previous palaeontological data from the Basgo Formation, although embracing a number of vertebrate and invertebrate groups and also charophytes, have been rather poor and have not allowed anything other than a somewhat conjectural age determination. However, the genus Dongyingia is only known elsewhere from the Upper Oligocene of China, where it is an abundant and characteristic component of non-marine sequences. The overall excellent preservation of the Ostracoda in this study militates against their having been derived and, thus, provides good evidence for a Late Oligocene age for the Basgo Formation.

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31

Thakur, S. S. "Retrograde corona texture in pre-Himalayan metamorphic mafic xenoliths, Sutlej valley, NW Himalaya: Implication on rare occurrence of high-grade rocks in the Himalaya." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 88 (July 2014): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.02.026.

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32

JAYANGONDAPERUMAL, R., A. K. DUBEY, and K. SEN. "Mesoscopic and magnetic fabrics in arcuate igneous bodies: an example from the Mandi-Karsog pluton, Himachal Lesser Himalaya." Geological Magazine 147, no. 5 (February 23, 2010): 652–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756810000105.

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AbstractField, microstructural and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) data from the Palaeozoic Mandi-Karsog pluton in the Lesser Himalayan region reveal a concordant relationship between fabric of the Proterozoic host rock and the granite. The pluton displays a prominent arcuate shape on the geological map. The margin-parallel mesoscopic and magnetic fabrics of the granite and warping of the host rock fabric around the pluton indicate that this regional curvature is either synchronous or pre-dates the emplacement of the granite body. Mesoscopic fabric, magnetic fabric and microstructures indicate that the northern part of the pluton preserves its pre-Himalayan magmatic fabric while the central and southern part shows tectonic fabric related to the Tertiary Himalayan orogeny. The presence of NW–SE-trending aplitic veins within the granite indicates a post-emplacement stretching in the NE–SW direction. Shear-sense indicators in the mylonites along the margin of the pluton suggest top-to-the-SW shearing related to the Himalayan orogeny. Based on these observations, it is envisaged that the extension that gave rise to this rift-related magmatism had a NE–SW trend, that is, normal to the trend of the aplite veins. Subsequently, during the Himalayan orogeny, compression occurred along this same NE–SW orientation. These findings imply that the regional curvature present in the Himachal Lesser Himalaya is in fact a pre-Himalayan feature and the pluton has formed by filling a major pre-Himalayan arcuate extension fracture.

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33

HONEGGER, K., P. Le FORT, G. MASCLE, and J. L. ZIMMERMANN. "The blueschists along the Indus Suture Zone in Ladakh, NW Himalaya." Journal of Metamorphic Geology 7, no. 1 (January 1989): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.1989.tb00575.x.

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34

Mishra, Praveen K., A. Anoop, G. Schettler, Sushma Prasad, A. Jehangir, P. Menzel, R. Naumann, et al. "Reconstructed late Quaternary hydrological changes from Lake Tso Moriri, NW Himalaya." Quaternary International 371 (June 2015): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.11.040.

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35

Stübner, Konstanze, Djordje Grujic, Randall R. Parrish, Nick M. W. Roberts, Andreas Kronz, Joe Wooden, and Talat Ahmad. "Monazite geochronology unravels the timing of crustal thickening in NW Himalaya." Lithos 210-211 (December 2014): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2014.09.024.

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36

Lahoti, Surya, Kisley Kisley Kumud, Yash Guota, and Arwind Jain. "Tectonics of the Chamba Nappe, NW Himalaya and its regional implications." Italian Journal of Geosciences 136, no. 1 (February 2017): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3301/ijg.2015.39.

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37

Jamir, Imlirenla, Vikram Gupta, Glenn T. Thong, and Vipin Kumar. "Litho-tectonic and precipitation implications on landslides, Yamuna valley, NW Himalaya." Physical Geography 41, no. 4 (October 3, 2019): 365–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2019.1672024.

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38

Etienne, James L., Philip A. Allen, Erwan le Guerroué, Larry Heaman, Sumit K. Ghosh, and Rafique Islam. "Chapter 31 The Blaini Formation of the Lesser Himalaya, NW India." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 36, no. 1 (2011): 347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/m36.31.

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39

Appel, E., A. Patzelt, and C. Chouker. "Secondary palaeoremanence of Tethyan sediments from the Zanskar Range (NW Himalaya)." Geophysical Journal International 122, no. 1 (July 1995): 227–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1995.tb03550.x.

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40

Greco, Antonio, and David A. Spencer. "A section through the Indian Plate, Kaghan Valley, NW Himalaya, Pakistan." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 74, no. 1 (1993): 221–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1993.074.01.16.

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Sinha, Swati, and Rajiv Sinha. "Geomorphic evolution of Dehra Dun, NW Himalaya: Tectonics and climatic coupling." Geomorphology 266 (August 2016): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.05.002.

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Spring, Laurent, and Anne Crespo-Blanc. "Nappe tectonics, extension, and metamorphic evolution in the Indian Tethys Himalaya (Higher HImalaya, SE Zanskar and NW Lahul)." Tectonics 11, no. 5 (October 1992): 978–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/92tc00338.

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GOGOI, RAJIB, WOJCIECH ADAMOWSKI, NORBU SHERPA, and GEETAMANI CHHETRI. "On the taxonomic identity and lectotypification of Impatiens uncipetala C.B.Clarke ex Hook.f." Phytotaxa 273, no. 3 (September 9, 2016): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.273.3.8.

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Abstract:

Impatiens yui S.H.Huang from NW Yunnan is treated as a synonym of I. uncipetala C.B.Clarke ex Hook.f., known from eastern Himalaya of Nepal, Sikkim, West Bengal and Arunachal Pradesh. The species epithet of the latter is misleading because observations of living specimens do not support the hook-like shape for the appendage of the upper lateral petal. The name I. uncipetala C.B.Clarke ex Hook.f. is lectotypified herewith.

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Vandana and O. P. Mishra. "Source characteristics of the NW Himalaya and its adjoining region: Geodynamical implications." Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 294 (September 2019): 106277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2019.106277.

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Kothyari, Girish Ch, Neha Joshi, Mahesh Thakur, Ajay Kumar Taloor, and Vamdev Pathak. "Reanalyzing the geomorphic developments along tectonically active Soan Thrust, NW Himalaya, India." Quaternary Science Advances 3 (April 2021): 100017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.qsa.2020.100017.

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Robyr, Martin, Bradley R. Hacker, and James M. Mattinson. "Doming in compressional orogenic settings: New geochronological constraints from the NW Himalaya." Tectonics 25, no. 2 (April 2006): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004tc001774.

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Shah, Syed Zahid, Mohammad Sayab, Domingo Aerden, and Qaiser Iqbal. "Formation mechanism and tectonic significance of millipede microstructures in the NW Himalaya." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 59 (October 2012): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.05.001.

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Jayangondaperumal, R., Y. Kumahara, V. C. Thakur, Anil Kumar, Pradeep Srivastava, Shubhanshu Dubey, V. Joevivek, and Ashok Kumar Dubey. "Great earthquake surface ruptures along backthrust of the Janauri anticline, NW Himalaya." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 133 (January 2017): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.05.006.

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Orr, Elizabeth N., Lewis A. Owen, Sourav Saha, Marc W. Caffee, and Madhav K. Murari. "Quaternary glaciation of the Lato Massif, Zanskar Range of the NW Himalaya." Quaternary Science Reviews 183 (March 2018): 140–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.01.005.

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Phillips, Richard J. "Geological map of the Karakoram fault zone, Eastern Karakoram, Ladakh, NW Himalaya." Journal of Maps 4, no. 1 (January 2008): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4113/jom.2008.98.

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