Journal articles: 'NWF'

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Sachin, S. Raj, T. Kandasamy Kannan, and Rathanasamy Rajasekar. "Effect of wood particulate size on the mechanical properties of PLA biocomposite." Pigment & Resin Technology 49, no. 6 (May 8, 2020): 465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-12-2019-0117.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to carry out an investigation of the role of the wood particle size on the mechanical properties of poly lactic acid (PLA)-reinforced neem fiber biocomposite. Design/methodology/approach Composite test specimens were processed by reinforcing neem wood flour (NWF) in two different particle sizes, micro-sized NWF (MNWF) and nano-sized NWF (NNWF) separately into PLA. Composites were extruded at four different fiber loadings (10, 15, 20 and 25 Wt.%) into PLA matrix. The MNWF and NNWF had particle sizes varying from 5 to 15 µm and 10 to 15 nm, respectively. Findings Tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength of PLA increased with fiber reinforcement for both the MNWF and NNWF cases. The NNWF-reinforced PLA composite at 20 Wt.% fiber loading proved to be the best composite that had outstanding mechanical properties in this research. Practical implications The developed composite can be used as a substitute for conventional plywood for furniture, building infrastructure and interior components for the automobile, aircraft and railway sectors. Originality/value A new biocomposite had been fabricated by using PLA and NWF and had been tested for its mechanical characteristics.

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Lazzari, Anderson, Ingrid Caroline da Silva, Gislaine Gonçalves Oliveira, Bianca de Oliveira Muller, Elisângela de Cesaro, Bianka Rocha Saraiva, Ana Carolina Pelaes Vital, Maria Luiza Rodrigues de Souza, and Paula Toshimi Matumoto-Pintro. "Physic-chemical characteristics and sensory evaluation of cakes with Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) waste flour." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 7 (June 29, 2021): e47210716725. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i7.16725.

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The fish processing industry generates a large amount of waste, that can be a nutrients source to the foods enrichment, such as cake that has low proteins, and consumed for different social classes. This study aimed to produced cakes with Nile tilapia (Orechromis niloticus) waste flour (NWF), formed by head, fins and the spine with meat remaining from filleting process, and evaluate its chemical and sensory properties. The formulations cakes with NWF obtained products with higher protein contents, essential fatty acids, and minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus, and lower car-bohydrates contents in relation to Control formulation (without NWF). The cakes with NWF had sensory acceptance (scores higher than 7.0 from 9.0 points) and purchase intention (scores higher than 3.8 from 5.0 points) and did not differ from the Control. The cakes with NWF can be a way to increase the supply of essential nutrients to the population through a popular and sensorial accepted product. This study showed that Nile tilapia waste flour (NWF) heads stands out a promising source for producing cake with high nutritional quality, positive economic potential, better physicochemical properties and, food industry solid waste reduction by used in food.

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Naruse, K., Y. Sakai, I. Nagashima, G. X. Jiang, M. Suzuki, and T. Muto. "Comparisons of Porcine Hepatocyte Spheroids and Single Hepatocytes in the Non-Woven Fabric Bioartificial Liver Module." International Journal of Artificial Organs 19, no. 10 (October 1996): 605–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139889601901008.

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We previously developed a new bioreactor of the bioartificial liver composed of non-woven fabric. We have also experimented with hepatocyte spheroids, with the aim of improving the efficiency of this NWF bioreactor. In this study, we compared the efficiencies of NWF bioreactors employing hepatocyte spheroids versus single hepatocytes. Hepatocytes were isolated from a whole pig liver by Seglen's method. 1.0 × 1010 single hepatocytes were immobilized in the NWF bioreactor. Another 1.0 × 1010 hepatocytes were allowed to form spheroids by 24 hr suspension culture in a 4-L culture vessel, before being immobilized in the bioreactor. Hepatocyte spheroids were found to be functionally superior, on a per-cell basis, to single hepatocytes in the NWF bioreactor. However, the NWF bioreactor employing hepatocyte spheroids exhibited lower efficiency than that employing single hepatocytes, because the total number of the hepatocytes had decreased during the 24 hr suspension culture.

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Zhao, Chuan-Qi, Xiao-Chen Xu, Rui-Yun Li, Jie Chen, and Feng-Lin Yang. "Highly effective permeability and antifouling performances of polypropylene non-woven fabric membranes modified with graphene oxide by inkjet printing and immersion coating methods." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 10 (May 1, 2013): 2307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.084.

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In the current study, graphene oxide (GO)-modified polypropylene non-woven fabric (PP-NWF) membranes were prepared via inkjet printing and immersion coating methods. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, pure water permeation (JPWP) and protein adsorption were tested to evaluate the impact of the GO nanosheet on the characteristics and performance of modiﬁed PP-NWF membranes. The results showed that the exfoliated GO nanosheets uniformly deposited on the membrane surface and firmly embedded into the interlaced fibers, resulting in the improvement of membrane hydrophilicity, permeability and antifouling properties comparing with original PP-NWF membranes. The GO-printed and GO-coated membranes had 113 and 188% higher ﬂuxes, and 70.95 and 75.74% lower protein adsorptions than the original PP-NWF membranes, respectively. After cross-linked treatment, ultrasound processing was conducted to evaluate the stability of the modified PP-NWF membranes. The results demonstrated that there was almost no decrease in permeation after ultrasonic treatment indicating that the cross-linking treatment could enhance the immobilization of the GO nanosheets on and into the modified membranes.

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Babincev, Ljiljana, Milana Budimir, and Ljubinka Rajakovic. "Sorption of lead, cadmium and zinc from air sediments applying natural wool fiber." Chemical Industry 67, no. 2 (2013): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind120328072b.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the possibilities of removing lead, cadmium, and zinc from air by sorption natural wool fibers (NWF), thus evaluating possible application of the wool materials in direct protection of air from the influence of heavy metals. Metal detection was done (before and after the sorption process) by potentiometric stripping analysis. Sorption experiments were done in two ways: by immersing NWF in model solutions (prepared by the working standard solutions and deionized water), and by immersing NWF in solutions of sediments from the air. The influence of mass sorbent, sorption time, pH, and temperature on the sorption of lead, cadmium, and zinc were experimentally examined. Effectiveness of lead, cadmium, and zinc sorption by applying natural wool fibers is shown as the sorption capacity (a ratio between metal concentration before and after sorption and sorbent mass). Sorbent of 0.1 g NWF mass in neutral environment collects: after 10 min 23,9% of lead, 19,0% of cadmium, and 21,3% of zinc; whereas after 30 min 71.5% of lead, 69.6% of cadmium, and 69.4% of zinc. NWF of the same mass in acidic environment shows lower sorption capabilities, for pH 4.5 the effective sorption is: 68.6% of lead, 66.8% of cadmium, and 66.6% of zinc; whereas for pH 2.1 NWF sorption is 54.6% of lead, 53.2% of cadmium, and 52.9% of zinc. Optimal pH range for application of this sorption during the experiment material is 4.5-7.0. The sorption was made in solutions with pH 2.1 due to potentiometric stripping analysis application conditions. Temperature significantly impacts the tested material sorption characteristics. When temperature slightly increases, regardless of the inflicted damage, NWF keeps its functionality. When temperature is higher than 60?C, the sorbent effectiveness is reduced. The NWF sorption capacity is lowest at 100?C: for lead 11.63 ?g g?1, for cadmium 8.18 ?g g?1, and for zinc 9.41 ?g g?1. Results of the experimental research have shown that a high degree of removal (about 70%) can be achieved provided that the mass of the sorbent rages from 0,06?0,1 g, contact time is long enough (30 min), and that there are no significant effects of temperature and pH.

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Abdel-Wahab, F., G. A. Yahya, Karam A. Ali, S. M. Salem, and A. G. Mostafa. "Influence of variation (V2O5/P2O5) ratio on the local structure of iron in V2O5–BaO–Fe2O3–P2O5 glasses." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 2849–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0391.

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The influence of the variation in (V2O5/ P2O5) ratio on the local structure of iron in V2O5–BaO–Fe2O3–P2O5 glass system was investigated. Infrared analysis and Mössbauer spectroscopy were used for this propose. Infrared spectroscopic analysis showed that vanadium cations act mainly as network former (NWF) while iron ions occupy both NWF and network modifier (NWM) positions. On the other hand, Mössbauer spectra indicated that, at the lowest V2O5 content, about 29% of iron ions take their positions in the glass matrix as NWF and about 71% of iron ions enter the matrix as network modifier NWM. At the highest value of V2O5 content the iron ions that enter the glass as NWF decrease to about 15%, and the iron ions which enter the glass as NWM increase to about 85%. The density and molar volume measurements also indicate the changes in the structure of these glasses.

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Li, Hong Wei, Yong Jie Pang, and Guo Cheng Zhang. "A New Control Method of Active Absorption Wave-Maker." Advanced Materials Research 591-593 (November 2012): 1748–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.1748.

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The theory of 2D wave generation with active wave absorption is outlined. A new control method of active absorption wave-maker is established based on the S plane control (SPC) algorithm in this paper. Using SPC, a piston-type 2D numerical wave flume (NWF) simulation program for simultaneous wave generation and active wave absorption is developed with Boundary Element Method (BEM) and Mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian (MEL). The absorbing wave-making contrast simulation tests for regular wave are also carried out in NWF. Simulation results verify that the controller is robust and well effect for absorbing re-reflected wave is obtained in low reflect condition. Meanwhile, stable wave profile can be output by the absorbing wave-maker in a long time when acute reflected waves appear in the terminal of NWF.

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Uribe, Manuel, Esteban Payán, Jan Brabec, Juan Vélez, Anja Taubert, Jenny J. Chaparro-Gutiérrez, and Carlos Hermosilla. "Intestinal Parasites of Neotropical Wild Jaguars, Pumas, Ocelots, and Jaguarundis in Colombia: Old Friends Brought Back from Oblivion and New Insights." Pathogens 10, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10070822.

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Neotropical wild felids (NWF) are obligate carnivore species present in Central and South America, and some are considered endangered due to constantly decreasing populations. NWF can become infected by a wide range of protozoan and metazoan parasites, some of them affecting their health conditions and others having anthropozoonotic relevance. Parasitological studies on NWF are still very scarce, and most data originated from dead or captive animals. On this account, the current study aimed to characterize gastrointestinal parasites of free-ranging jaguars (Panthera onca), pumas (Puma concolor), ocelots (Leopardus pardalis), and jaguarundis (Herpailurus yagouaroundi), i.e., four out of six NWF species endemic to Colombia. Fecal samples from jaguars (n = 10) and ocelots (n = 4) were collected between 2012 and 2017 as part of the Jaguar Corridor Initiative from six geographic locations in Colombia. In addition, cestode specimens were obtained during puma and jaguarundi necropsies. Scat samples were processed by standardized sodium acetate-acetic acid-formalin (SAF), sedimentation, and flotation techniques and by carbol fuchsin-stained fecal smears. Morphological evaluation of feces showed the presence of one cestode (Spirometra sp.), a nematode (Toxocara cati), an acanthocephalan (Oncicola sp.), and one cyst-forming coccidian (Cystoisospora-like oocysts). Feces oocysts were submitted to a Toxoplasma gondii-specific PCR for species identification, but no product was amplified. The cestodes isolated from a puma and jaguarundi were molecularly characterized by sequencing cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, identifying them as Taenia omissa and as a T. omissa sister lineage, respectively. These results collectively demonstrate the potential role of NWF as natural reservoir hosts for neglected zoonotic parasites (e.g., Spirometra sp., T. cati) and highlight their possible role in parasite transmission to human communities. Due to public health concerns, the occurrence of these parasites should be monitored in the future for appropriate zoonotic management practices in conservation strategies and wild felid health management programs.

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Sadeghi, Morteza, Ardeshir Ebtehaj, Wade T. Crow, Lun Gao, Adam J. Purdy, Joshua B. Fisher, Scott B. Jones, Ebrahim Babaeian, and Markus Tuller. "Global Estimates of Land Surface Water Fluxes from SMOS and SMAP Satellite Soil Moisture Data." Journal of Hydrometeorology 21, no. 2 (February 2020): 241–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-19-0150.1.

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AbstractIn-depth knowledge about the global patterns and dynamics of land surface net water flux (NWF) is essential for quantification of depletion and recharge of groundwater resources. Net water flux cannot be directly measured, and its estimates as a residual of individual surface flux components often suffer from mass conservation errors due to accumulated systematic biases of individual fluxes. Here, for the first time, we provide direct estimates of global NWF based on near-surface satellite soil moisture retrievals from the Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellites. We apply a recently developed analytical model derived via inversion of the linearized Richards’ equation. The model is parsimonious, yet yields unbiased estimates of long-term cumulative NWF that is generally well correlated with the terrestrial water storage anomaly from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite. In addition, in conjunction with precipitation and evapotranspiration retrievals, the resultant NWF estimates provide a new means for retrieving global infiltration and runoff from satellite observations. However, the efficacy of the proposed approach over densely vegetated regions is questionable, due to the uncertainty of the satellite soil moisture retrievals and the lack of explicit parameterization of transpiration by deeply rooted plants in the proposed model. Future research is needed to advance this modeling paradigm to explicitly account for plant transpiration.

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Palmieri, Tina L., Kathleen S. Romanowski, Soman Sen, and David G. Greenhalgh. "102 Wildfire Burns: Implications for Burn Care." Journal of Burn Care & Research 41, Supplement_1 (March 2020): S67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa024.105.

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Abstract Introduction Climate change, the encroachment of populations into wilderness, and carelessness have combined to increase the incidence of wildfire injuries. With the increased incidence has come an increase in the number of burn injuries. Prolonged extrication, delays in resuscitation, and the extreme fire and toxic air environment in a wildfire has the potential to cause more severe burn injury. The purpose of this study is to examine the demographics and outcomes of wildfire injuries and compare those outcomes to non-wildfire injuries. Methods Charts of patients admitted to a regional burn center during a massive wildfire in 2018 were reviewed for demographic, treatment, and outcome. We then obtained age, gender, and burn size matched controls from within 2 years of the incident, analyzed the same measures, and compared treatment and outcomes between the two groups. Results A total of 20 patients, 10 wildfire (WF) burns and 10 non-wildfire (NWF) burns, were included in the study. Age (59.6±7.8 WF vs. 59.4±7.4 years), total body surface area burn (TBSA) (14.9±4.7 WF vs. 17.2±0.9 NWF) and inhalation injury incidence (2 WF and 2 NWF) were similar between groups. Days on mechanical ventilation (24.3±19.4 WF vs. 9.4±9.8 NWF), length of stay (49.9±21.8 WF vs. 28.2±11.7 days) and ICU length of stay (43.0±25.6 WF vs 24.4±11.2 NWF) were higher in the WF group. WF patients required twice the number of operations. Mortality was similar in both groups (1 death/group). Conclusions Wildfire burn injuries, when compared to age, inhalation injury, and burn size matched controls, require more ventilatory support and have more operations. As a result, they have longer lengths of stay and have a prolonged ICU course. Burn centers should be prepared for the increased resource utilization that accompanies wildfire injuries. Applicability of Research to Practice All burn centers must be prepared for the possibility of wildfires and the increased resource utilzation that accompanies mass casualty events.

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Prabowo, Vinsensius Sigit Widhi, and Brian Pamukti. "ANALISA PENGGUNAAN SKEMA KONTROL DAYA BERBASIS WATERFILLING DAN ALGORITMA ALOKASI MEAN-GREEDY PADA SISTEM LONG TERM EVOLUTION (LTE)." TEKTRIKA - Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Telekomunikasi, Kendali, Komputer, Elektrik, dan Elektronika 4, no. 2 (June 8, 2020): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.25124/tektrika.v4i2.2882.

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Sistem komunikasi nirkabel diharapkan menjadi suatu sistem yang dapat menyajikan kualitas layanan yang cepat,handal,dane?sien. Olehkarenaitu,diperlukanskemamanajemensumberdayayangbaikuntukmencapai parameter performansi tersebut. Penelitian ini berfokus pada skema manajemen sumber daya pada sistem Long Term Evolution yang tidak hanya mengejar parameter performansi dasar seperti e?siensi spektral dan fairness sistem, tetapi juga mempertimbangkan aspek e?siensi energi. Penambahan skema kontrol daya water?lling digunakanpadaalgoritmaalokasimeangreedyuntukmengaturdayapadatiap-tiapresourceblock(RB).2Skema yang digunakan adalah normal water?lling (NWF) yang memberikan daya lebih pada user dengan kondisi kanal buruk dan Inverse Water?lling (IWF) yang mengalokasikan daya lebih pada user dengan kondisi kanal baik. Dari hasil simulasi didapatkan skema NWF menaikkan fairness sistem sebesar 10% tetapi menurunkan nilai e?siensi spektral sebesar 1,02 bps/Hz, dan menurunkan e?siensi energi sebesar 68,75 kbps/Watt. Sebaliknya, skema IWF meningkatkan e?siensi spektral sebanyak 1,42 bps/Hz, dan meningkatkan e?siensi energi sebanyak 205,67 kbps/Watt, tetapi fairness sistem menurun sebesar 11%. Dapat disimpulkan, skema NWF baik untuk sistem yang mengedepankan keadilan sistem dan stabilitas koneksi,sedangkan skema IWF lebih sesuai diterapkan pada sistem yang mengedepankan efisiensi. KataKunci: ,,,

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Nishida, Tetsuaki. "Verification of the ‘‘Tg-Δ Rule’’ in Potassium Silicate and Sodium Tungstate Glasses." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 51, no. 5-6 (June 1, 1996): 620–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1996-5-641.

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Abstract A linear relationship exists in oxide glasses between glass transition temperature (Tg) and quadrupole splitting (Δ) of Fe3+ . DTA and Mössbauer measurements of silicate and tungstate glasses yielded large slopes of 680 and 260 °C/(mm s-1) from the slope of the straight lines when Fe3+ occupied, as network former (NWF), distorted tetrahedral Si4+ and distorted octahedral W6+ sites, respectively. This linear relationship, named a ‘‘Tg - Δ rule’’, suggests that Tg is in proportion to the distortion of NWF-oxygen polyhedra and a higher activation energy is required for the fragments of glass to have a cooperative movement in the supercooled liquid state. The ‘‘Tg - Δ rule’’ was also valid in the case of potassium silicate glasses heat treated at the temperature close to Tg, indicating a distortion of SiO4 and FeO4 tetrahedra. Substitution of Fe3+ for individual NWF in silicate and tungstate glasses was confirmed from the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra because only the absorption bands due to Si and W were respectively observed without the bands due to Fe.

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Paul, Himangshu, M. Ravi Kumar, and Santosh Kumar. "Evidence for reactivation of new faults and seismicity migration away from the causative fault of the 2001 MW 7.7 Bhuj earthquake, western India." Geophysical Journal International 226, no. 3 (May 13, 2021): 1800–1813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab188.

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SUMMARY The Kachchh Rift Basin of western India that hosted the devastating 2001 MW 7.7 Bhuj earthquake has been witnessing minor to moderate seismicity since then. The genesis of these intraplate earthquakes and geometry of the causative faults is still elusive. In this study, we relocated all the earthquakes recorded between 2006 and 2018 and utilized a set of 4285 best located earthquakes to provide rare insights into the orientation and depth distribution of the currently active faults. We also analysed previously computed source mechanisms, in perspective of our location results. It is revealed that the present seismic activity is primarily aligned along two planes—one steeply dipping (∼60°) to the northeast with a NW–SE strike and the other gently (∼34°) dipping to the SSW, striking WNW–ESE. The traces of these fault surfaces coincide with the Kachchh Mainland fault (KMF) and the North Wagad Fault (NWF) when extrapolated to the surface, respectively. Activity along the NWF has been shown in earlier studies, however, clear evidence of activity along the steep north-dipping KMF is presented for the very first time. Thrust earthquakes dominate the NWF while strike-slip earthquakes are seen across the KMF. Our results show that the two fault surfaces converge between 70.30°E and 70.43°E longitudes in the depth range 22–32 km, however, there is large E–W offset between the northern and southern extremities of the fault-system. This convergence zone hosted the largest earthquakes (ML 4.7–5.1) between 2006 and 2018 and the hypocentre of 2001 main shock also coincide with it. The earthquakes occurring in the interfault region show major strike-slip motion and are probably influenced by the relative motion between the NWF and KMF. Consistent seismicity, assisted probably by high conducting material, is seen across the NWF while intermittent seismicity is revealed along the KMF. Scrutiny of earlier studies revealed that the 2001 main shock and first few weeks of aftershocks were hosted on another south-dipping fault, the South Wagad Fault (SWF), however, activity along the SWF is found to be meagre during 2006–2018. Instead, seismicity has currently migrated to faults north and south of the SWF. These currently active faults most likely were reactivated during/after the 2001 main shock.

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Tang, Zhenhua, Dijie Yao, Donghe Du, and Jianyong Ouyang. "Highly machine-washable e-textiles with high strain sensitivity and high thermal conduction." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 8 (2020): 2741–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc06155j.

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Li, Minxia, Xiaowei Wang, Yanfang Wang, Bingwei Chen, Yuping Wu, and Rudolf Holze. "A gel polymer electrolyte based on composite of nonwoven fabric and methyl cellulose with good performance for lithium ion batteries." RSC Advances 5, no. 65 (2015): 52382–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra07182h.

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A new composite gel polymer membrane of nonwoven fabric (NWF) and methyl cellulose (MC) exhibiting good mechanical property and outstanding thermal and electrochemical stability is prepared by simple casting green process.

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Hair, Jay D. "NWF Takes up Call for Natural Resources Protection." Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 29, no. 4 (May 1987): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139157.1987.9928878.

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Li, Shuyou, and Binheng Song. "Normalized workflow net (NWF-net): Its definition and properties." Future Generation Computer Systems 21, no. 7 (July 2005): 1004–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2005.02.003.

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Azarfar, A., S. Tamminga, and H. Boer. "Effects of washing procedure and dilution ratio on the size of non-washout, insoluble washout, and soluble washout fractions in concentrate ingredients." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2005 (2005): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200009856.

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A widely adopted procedure to characterize degradation in the rumen is the in situ incubation technique (IS), that assumes the washout fraction of feeds (W) to be equal to the soluble (S) fraction and that both are rapidly and completely degraded which may not be the case. Because IS technique is unable to measure the rate at which the W fraction is actually degraded; therefore, alternative washing procedures need to be developed to recover and fractionate the W fraction. Recently, simple washing procedure have been developed at Lelystad (method M) (Melin et al, unpublished results) and at Wageningen (method AA, SM and Y) (Azarfar et al., 2004; Yang et al., unpublished results), by which the feeds can be fractionated in a non-washout (NWF), an insoluble washout (ISWF) and a soluble washout fraction (SWF). The aims of this study were: 1-To study the effect of different washing procedures on the size of NWF, ISWF and SWF in some concentrate ingredients. 2- To study the effect of different dilution ratios (5, 10, 20, 30 and 40) on the size of SWF, and soluble true protein (STP) in some concentrates ingredients.

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Mariño-Salguero, Jessica, and Michael Schäfer. "A Modified Normalized Weighting Factor method for improving the efficiency of the blended high-resolution advection schemes in the context of multiphase flows." Experimental and Computational Multiphase Flow 3, no. 3 (July 18, 2020): 208–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42757-020-0074-2.

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Abstract This work deals with a new methodology for the implementation of high-resolution (HR) schemes employed to advect the volume fraction in the volume of fluid (VOF) method, in which the numerical stability and convergence depend heavily on the numerical advection scheme and implementation method. The proposed method is based on the normalized weighting factor (NWF) method, which linearizes the normalized interpolation profile and rewrites the face value directly using the donor, acceptor, and upwind nodes. However, unlike the NWF, which is fully implicit and results in pentadiagonal linear systems, the new modified normalized weighting factor (MNWF) method only forms the implicit terms with the contribution of the donor and acceptor nodes, while the contribution of the upwind node explicitly forms part of the source term. Therefore, the method results in a tridiagonal linear system. The comparison of the new method with the deferred correction (DC), downwind weighting factor (DWF), and the RNWF methods shows that the MNWF requires about 5%–25% fewer iterations than DC and RNWF, and around 10%–85% less than DWF. Thus, a similar order of accuracy of the results can be o btained with less computational time.

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Othman, Nor Azillah Fatimah, Sarala Selambakkannu, Tuan Amran Tuan Abdullah, Hiroyuki Hoshina, Suchinda Sattayaporn, and Noriaki Seko. "Selectivity of Copper by Amine-Based Ion Recognition Polymer Adsorbent with Different Aliphatic Amines." Polymers 11, no. 12 (December 2, 2019): 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11121994.

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This paper investigates the selectivity of GMA-based-non-woven fabrics adsorbent towards copper ion (Cu) functionalized with several aliphatic amines. The aliphatic amines used in this study were ethylenediamine (EDA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA), and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA). The non-woven polyethylene/polypropylene fabrics (NWF) were grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) via pre-radiation grafting technique, followed by chemical functionalization with the aliphatic amine. To prepare the ion recognition polymer (IRP), the functionalized amine GMA-grafted-NWF sample was subjected to radiation crosslinking process along with the crosslinking agent, divinylbenzene (DVB), in the presence of Cu ion as a template in the matrix of the adsorbent. Functionalization with different aliphatic amine was carried out at different amine concentrations, grafting yield, reaction temperature, and reaction time to study the effect of different aliphatic amine onto amine density yield. At a concentration of 50% of amine and 50% of isopropanol, EDA, DETA, TETA, and TEPA had attained amine density around 5.12, 4.06, 3.04, and 2.56 mmol/g-ad, respectively. The amine density yield decreases further as the aliphatic amine chain grows longer. The experimental condition for amine functionalization process was fixed at 70% amine, 30% isopropanol, 60 °C for grafting temperature, and 2 h of grafting time for attaining 100% of grafting yield (Dg). The prepared adsorbents were characterized comprehensively in terms of structural and morphology with multiple analytical tools. An adsorptive removal and selectivity of Cu ion by the prepared adsorbent was investigated in a binary metal ion system. The IRP samples with a functional precursor of EDA, the smallest aliphatic amine had given the higher adsorption capacity and selectivity towards Cu ion. The selectivity of IRP samples reduces as the aliphatic amine chain grows longer, EDA to TEPA. However, IRP samples still exhibited remarkably higher selectivity in comparison to the amine immobilized GMA-g-NWF at similar adsorption experimental conditions. This observation indicates that IRP samples possess higher selectivity after incorporation of the ion recognition imprint technique via the radiation crosslinking process.

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Carvalho, Lívia Mendes, Verônica Aparecida Ladeira, Elka Fabiana Aparecida Almeida, Lenira Viana Costa Santa-Cecília, Deodoro Magno Brighenti, and Erivelton Resende. "Ensacamento de inflorescências de copo-de-leite para proteção contra a abelha irapuá (Trigona spinipes)." Ornamental Horticulture 24, no. 4 (October 30, 2018): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/oh.v24i4.1193.

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Stingless bee Trigona spinipes (Hymenoptera: Apidae) is an important pest of calla lily, Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.), damaging flowers, especially the spadix. The aim was to identify the most efficient packaging for bagging calla lily inflorescences, aiming to protect against the attack of stingless bee and to maintain postharvest quality. The experiment was carried out in a calla lily plantation cultivated in soil under 50% shading screen. Treatments consisted in bagging calla lily flowers with: 1) brown kraft paper bag, 2) non-woven fabric (NWF) bag; 3) transparent plastic bag, 4) transparent micro-perforated plastic bag and 5) control (without bagging). The experimental design was completely randomized with 25 replicates and one inflorescence per plot. Inflorescences received treatments when they presented definitive color, but still with completely closed spathe. Seven days after bagging, inflorescences were collected and evaluated for damages caused by insects in the field and the postharvest characteristics. Postharvest quality evaluations of inflorescences were performed for 12 days, observing expansion of the spathe in length and width, stem weight and visual quality expressed by the number of days that remained in each class. The bagging of calla lily inflorescences was efficient in the control of stingless bee, regardless of packaging used, because under these conditions, no inflorescence presented damage. In control, 84% of damaged inflorescences were observed. Differences in postharvest characteristics were observed and inflorescences remained for longer periods in the process of spathe opening, which is characterized by the measurement of their length and width, when packed. Among packages, NWF allowed longer spathe length at the 6th day of evaluation, larger width at 7th day of evaluation and less fresh mass loss at the end of the experiment (8%). In control, reduction of spathe measurements from the first day of evaluation and loss of 11% of fresh mass were observed. It was concluded that NWF is an efficient packaging to protect calla lily against the attack of stingless bee without compromising the postharvest quality of inflorescences.

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Ziane, Mustapha, Fatima-Zahra Siyouri, Morad El Baz, and Yassine Hassouni. "The negativity of partial transpose versus the negativity of Wigner function." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 16, no. 06 (June 2019): 1930003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887819300034.

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We investigate the multipartite entanglement in the phase space using the negativity of Wigner function (NWF) and in the Hilbert space using the negativity of partial transpose (NPT). We analyze comparatively these quantities and the different types of entanglements that are present in two major classes — GHZ and [Formula: see text] — made of coherent states. We show that the negativity of Wigner function can be used as a good measure of genuine entanglement in multipartite systems. However, the negativity of partial transpose is a good quantifier for only the bipartite entanglement in tripartite systems.

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Sriram, V., S. A. Sannasiraj, and V. Sundar. "NWF: Propagation of Tsunami and its Interaction with Continental Shelf and Vertical Wall." Marine Geodesy 29, no. 3 (December 2006): 201–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490410600939264.

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Pei, Hongchang, Feng Yan, Hao Liu, Tuanle Li, Mingxia Wang, Jianxin Li, Xiaohua Ma, Zhenyu Cui, and Benqiao He. "Formoxylbenzo-15-crown-5 ether functionalized PVA/NWF composite membrane for enhanced 7Li+ enrichment." Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 97 (April 2019): 496–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2019.02.029.

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Gyovai, Lisa Klett, Gwendolyn Cartledge, Lefki Kourea, Amanda Yurick, and Lenwood Gibson. "Early Reading Intervention: Responding to the Learning Needs of Young at-Risk English Language Learners." Learning Disability Quarterly 32, no. 3 (August 2009): 143–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27740365.

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This study examined the effects of a supplemental early reading intervention on the beginning literacy skills of 12 kindergarten/first-grade urban English language learners (ELLs). The Early Reading Intervention (ERI; Simmons & Kame'enui, 2003) was the instructional intervention used with all students. A multiple-baseline design across students was used to investigate the effects of the instruction on phoneme segmentation fluency (PSF) and nonsense word fluency (NWF), as measured by the Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS; Good & Kaminski, 2002). Data analyses showed that all students increased in the number of phonemes segmented and the number of letter sounds produced correctly. Gains were commensurate with the amount of instruction received.

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Carla, Liegi Lonardoni Gomes de Oliveira, and Miglioranza Adison. "Quality levels of organic coffee seedlings in black and white nonwoven fabric (NWF) containers of various sizes." African Journal of Agricultural Research 10, no. 9 (February 26, 2015): 886–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar2014.9393.

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Luo, Qingliang, Benqiao He, Mengzhu Liang, Aiqun Kong, and Jianxin Li. "Continuous transesterification to produce biodiesel under HTCC/Na2SiO3/NWF composite catalytic membrane in flow-through membrane reactor." Fuel 197 (June 2017): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.12.089.

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Liu, Yaolong, Feng Yan, Hongchang Pei, Jianxin Li, Zhenyu Cui, Benqiao He, and Lingyun Wang. "Preparation of PSf-g-BN15C5/NWF composite membrane with sponge-like pore structure for lithium isotopes adsorptive separation." Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 91 (October 2018): 507–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2018.05.031.

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Koskimies, Kaija. "Hand Grip Force Among Forest Workers." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 12, no. 1 (March 1993): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026309239301200101.

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Maximal voluntary compression (MVC) of hand grip was measured among 177 forest workers. The occupational history and symptoms of upper limbs were surveyed. MVC was age and exposure dependent and correlated significantly with history of diminished hand grip force, numbness, vibration induced white finger (VWF), and pain in the upper limbs and neck. Asymmetric MVCs between the right and left hand was found in 46 forest workers. In an analysis of covariance, the most significant factor for reduced MVC was asymmetry of MVC followed by exposure to hand-arm vibration. The interaction of age and exposure was almost statistically significant. These factors explained 46.9% of the variation of MVC in the right hand and 35.4% in the left hand. In the model neither neck, NWF, numbness nor pain in the upper limb explained more significantly the variance in MVC. The study confirms the relationship of reduction in MVC and history of diminished hand grip force. This effect was ascribed to chain saw vibration confounded by ageing and certain overstrain symptoms of the upper limbs.

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Haase, A. T., M. K. Jenkins, H. Peng, and K. Urdahl. "nef-naf nexus?" Current Biology 2, no. 3 (March 1992): 130–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-9822(92)90249-a.

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Li, Hongbin, Wenying Shi, Yuheng Su, Hongxiang Hou, Qiyun Du, Haixia Zhang, and Xiaohong Qin. "Enhanced performance of thin-film nanocomposite RO/NWF membrane by adding ZnO nanospheres in aqueous phase during interfacial polymerization process." Membrane Water Treatment 8, no. 3 (May 25, 2017): 225–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/mwt.2017.8.3.225.

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Moukalled, F., A. Abdel Aziz, and M. Darwish. "Performance comparison of the NWF and DC methods for implementing High-Resolution schemes in a fully coupled incompressible flow solver." Applied Mathematics and Computation 217, no. 11 (February 2011): 5041–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2010.07.052.

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Zhang, Chun Hua, Xiao Xia Ou, and Feng Jie Zhang. "Effect of Suspended Carriers on Extracellular Polymeric Substances in MBR." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 1939–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.1939.

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Suspended carriers were added into a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) using polypropylene non-woven fabric (PP NWF) as membrane model to treat synthetic wastewater. The changes of EPSSEPSB and EPS in activated sludge mixing liquid of MBR and in sludge on membrane model surface were researched at different aeration rate. The results showed that adding suspended carriers in MBR can increase the concentration of EPSS and EPSB in activated sludge mixing liquid, but the effect on EPSS and EPSB in the sludge on membrane model surface is related to aeration rate. Adding suspended carriers can increase the concentration of EPSS and EPSB in the sludge on membrane model surface at 0.10m3/h of aeration rate; the concentration of EPSS and EPSB in the sludge with suspended carriers is reduced when aeration rate is increased to 0.25m3/h. The study on the effect of aeration rate on EPS in sludge mixing liquid of MBR and in sludge on membrane model surface showed that an optimized aeration rate exists if suspended carriers are added to control MBR membrane fouling. At the optimized aeration rate, membrane fouling can be mitigated and controled effectively.

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McFarland, Amy L., Benjamin J. Glover, Tina M. Waliczek, and Jayne M. Zajicek. "The Effectiveness of the National Wildlife Federation’s Schoolyard Habitat Program: Fourth-grade Students’ Standardized Science Test Scores and Science Grades." HortTechnology 23, no. 2 (April 2013): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.23.2.187.

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The purpose of this study was to determine if participation in the National Wildlife Federation’s (NWF) Schoolyard Habitat Program (SYHP) had an effect on the science standardized test scores or science grades of fourth-grade primary school students in Houston, TX. To conduct the study, five pairs of Houston elementary schools were selected as either treatment or control schools. The treatment group included a total of 148 fourth-grade students whose teachers reported using the NWF’s SYHP. The control group consisted of a total of 248 fourth-grade students whose teachers used a traditional science curriculum. To measure academic achievement, scores on a standardized science test and science grades were compared between the treatment and control students. Results from this study indicated Caucasian students scored higher than minority students on the Stanford standardized science exam. Significant differences existed in the Stanford standardized science exam scores between male and female students for the treatment group only. Overall, the results from this study also showed that the SYHP was equally as effective at science instruction as the traditional curriculum within the Houston Independent School District (HISD) after teachers gained familiarity with using the habitat for instruction.

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Amin, Raid, and James J. Burns. "Clusters of Adolescent and Young Adult Thyroid Cancer in Florida Counties." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/832573.

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Background. Thyroid cancer is a common cancer in adolescents and young adults ranking 4th in frequency. Thyroid cancer has captured the interest of epidemiologists because of its strong association to environmental factors. The goal of this study is to identify thyroid cancer clusters in Florida for the period 2000–2008. This will guide further discovery of potential risk factors within areas of the cluster compared to areas not in cluster.Methods. Thyroid cancer cases for ages 15–39 were obtained from the Florida Cancer Data System. Next, using the purely spatial Poisson analysis function in SaTScan, the geographic distribution of thyroid cancer cases by county was assessed for clusters. The reference population was obtained from the Census Bureau 2010, which enabled controlling for population age, sex, and race.Results. Two statistically significant clusters of thyroid cancer clusters were found in Florida: one in southern Florida (SF) (relative risk of 1.26;Pvalue of <0.001) and the other in northwestern Florida (NWF) (relative risk of 1.71;Pvalue of 0.012). These clusters persisted after controlling for demographics including sex, age, race.Conclusion. In summary, we found evidence of thyroid cancer clustering in South Florida and North West Florida for adolescents and young adult.

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Shi, Wenying, Benqiao He, Yuping Cao, Jianxin Li, Feng Yan, Zhenyu Cui, Zhiqun Zou, Shiwei Guo, and Xiaomin Qian. "Continuous esterification to produce biodiesel by SPES/PES/NWF composite catalytic membrane in flow-through membrane reactor: Experimental and kinetic studies." Bioresource Technology 129 (February 2013): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.10.039.

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Galera-Calero, Lander, Jesús María Blanco, Urko Izquierdo, and Gustavo Adolfo Esteban. "Performance Assessment of Three Turbulence Models Validated through an Experimental Wave Flume under Different Scenarios of Wave Generation." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 11 (November 5, 2020): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8110881.

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This study aimed to adjust the turbulence models to the real behavior of the numerical wave flume (NWF) and the future research that will be carried out on it, according to the turbulence model that best adjusts to each particular case study. The k-ε, k-ω and large-eddy simulation (LES) models, using the volume of fluid (VOF) method, were analyzed and compared respectively. The wavemaker theory was followed to faithfully reproduce the waves, which were measured in an experimental wave flume (EWF) and compared with the theory to validate each turbulence model. Besides, reflection was measured with the Mansard and Funke method, which has shown promising results when studying one of the most critical turbulent behaviors in the wave flume, called the breaking of the waves. The free surface displacement obtained with each turbulence model was compared with the recorded signals located at three points of the experimental wave flume, in the time domain of each run, respectively. Finally, the calculated reflection coefficients and the amplitudes of the reflected waves were compared, aiming to have a better understanding of the wave reflection process at the extinction zone. The research showed good agreement between all the experimental signals and the numerical outcomes for all the turbulence models analyzed.

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Teixeira, Joás Araújo, Amitis Vieira Costa e. Silva, Valdeci Elias dos Santos Júnior, Paulo Correia de Melo Júnior, Manuela Arnaud, Maria Goretti Lima, Miguel Angel Pelagio Flores, et al. "Effects of a New Nano-Silver Fluoride-Containing Dentifrice on Demineralization of Enamel andStreptococcus mutansAdhesion and Acidogenicity." International Journal of Dentistry 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1351925.

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An experimental dentifrice containing nano-silver fluoride (NSF) and a sodium fluoride (NaF) toothpaste were testedin vitro, againstS. mutans, to evaluate the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), antiadherence, antiacid, enamel microhardness, and OCT. The microdilution technique was used to determine the MIC and MBC. Fragments of deciduous enamel were treated with dentifrice slurries, containing bacterial suspension and PBS-treated saliva. The quantification of the microorganisms that adhered to the enamel was determined after 24 hours of incubation, and media pH readings were performed after 2 hours and 24 hours. Deciduous teeth were evaluated for microhardness and OCT during 14 days of pH cycling. Data were statistically analyzed using Student’st-test, Mann–WhitneyUtest, ANOVA, and Tukey tests at 5% of significance. Dentifrices containing NSF presented a lower MIC and higher statistically significant results compared to NaF dentifrices with respect to preventing bacterial adhesion and pH decreases. NSF and NaF dentifrices showed the same ability to avoid enamel demineralization corroborated by the OCT images. The NSF formulation had a better antibacterial effect compared to NaF dentifrices and similar action on the demineralization of enamel indicating their potential effectiveness to prevent caries.

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Vieira Costa e Silva, Amitis, Joás Araújo Teixeira, Cláudia C. B. O. Mota, Emery Clayton Cabral Correia Lins, Paulo Correia de Melo Júnior, Maria Goretti de Souza Lima, Manuela Arnaud, et al. "In Vitro morphological, optical and microbiological evaluation of nanosilver fluoride in the remineralization of deciduous teeth enamel." Nanotechnology Reviews 7, no. 6 (December 19, 2018): 509–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2018-0083.

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AbstractBackgroundNanosilver fluoride (NSF) was developed as an alternative in the prevention of dental caries.PurposeThe aim of this study was to test the remineralizing action of NSF on incipient enamel caries and its antimicrobial action on the acid production and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans.MethodsDeciduous enamel fragments were treated with sodium fluoride (NaF), NSF and deionized water. Microhardness, fluorescence spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography imaging were performed on each specimen before chemical caries induction, after caries induction and after 14 days of pH cycling. The treated enamel fragments were also placed into test tubes containing bacterial suspension and saliva. The pH readings and quantification of the adhered microorganisms to the dental enamel were determined. Analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, Tukey and mixed linear regression model were applied.ResultsNSF and NaF were effective in enamel remineralization, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) to deionized water, and they had no statistically significant difference between themselves (p>0.005). NSF had greater effectiveness compared to NaF in preventing decreases of pH and adhesion of S. mutans to the enamel surface, with statistically significant (p<0.001) differences.ConclusionNSF may be more effective than conventional fluorides in treating incipient caries lesions due to its remineralization and antibacterial actions.

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Farooq, Muhammad, Qamruz zaman, Muhammad Ijaz, Said Farooq Shah, and Mutua Kilai. "A Novel Approach to Increase the Goodness of Fits with an Application to Real and Simulated Data Sets." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (July 30, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9717872.

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In practice, the data sets with extreme values are possible in many fields such as engineering, lifetime analysis, business, and economics. A lot of probability distributions are derived and presented to increase the model flexibility in the presence of such values. The current study also focuses on investigations to derive a new probability model New Flexible Family (NFF) of distributions. The significance of NFF is carried out using the Weibull distribution called New Flexible Weibull distribution or in short NFW. Various mathematical properties of NFW have been discussed including the estimation of parameters and entropy measures. Two real data sets with extreme values and a simulation study have been conducted so as to delineate the importance of NFW. Furthermore, NFW is compared with other existing probability distributions; numerically, it has been observed that the new mechanism of producing the lifetime probability distributions plays a significant role in making predictions about the population than others using the data sets with extreme values.

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Ocadiz-Flores, J. A., E. Capelli, P. E. Raison, R. J. M. Konings, and A. L. Smith. "Thermodynamic assessment of the LiF-NiF 2 , NaF-NiF 2 and KF-NiF 2 systems." Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 121 (June 2018): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2018.01.023.

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Li, B., P.-L. Zhang, S.-B. Liang, Y.-T. Zhang, and H.-B. Fan. "Feature extraction for engine fault diagnosis utilizing the generalized S-transform and non-negative tensor factorization." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 225, no. 8 (June 24, 2011): 1936–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406211403360.

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In this study, a novel feature extraction scheme was proposed for engine fault diagnosis utilizing the generalized S-transform combined with the non-negative tensor factorization (NTF). To represent the information of the non-stationary vibration signals acquired from engine, the generalized S-transform was used to get a time–frequency distribution with enhanced energy concentration. Meanwhile, a newly developed technique called NTF, which can preserve more structure information hiding in original two-dimensional matrices compared to the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), was adopted to extract more informative features from the time–frequency matrices. Five operating states of engine were tested in an experiment for evaluating the proposed feature extraction scheme. Four different types of learning algorithms were employed to conduct the fault classification task. The NMF technique was also used for feature extraction and compared with the NTF approach. The experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed feature extraction scheme can achieve a satisfactory performance when applied to diagnose the engine faults.

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Nishida, T., H. Shindo, and Y. Takashima. "Discovery of a linear relationship between the glass transition temperature of oxide glasses and the quadrupole splitting of the Fe3+ substituted for the individual network—forming cations (NWF)." Hyperfine Interactions 69, no. 1-4 (April 1992): 603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02401899.

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Saito, Morihiro, Satoru Kawaharasaki, Kensuke Ito, Shinya Yamada, Kikuko Hayamizu, and Shiro Seki. "Strategies for fast ion transport in electrochemical capacitor electrolytes from diffusion coefficients, ionic conductivity, viscosity, density and interaction energies based on HSAB theory." RSC Advances 7, no. 24 (2017): 14528–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra00455a.

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To elucidate factors affecting ion transport in capacitor electrolytes, five propylene carbonate (PC) electrolytes were prepared, each of which includes a salt ((C₂H₅)₄NBF₄, (C₂H₅)₄NPF₆, (C₂H₅)₄NSO₃CF₃, (C₂H₅)₃CH₃NBF₄ and LiBF₄).

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Chen, Yung-Sheng, Wan-An Lu, Jeffrey C. Pagaduan, and Cheng-Deng Kuo. "A Novel Smartphone App for the Measurement of Ultra–Short-Term and Short-Term Heart Rate Variability: Validity and Reliability Study." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, no. 7 (July 31, 2020): e18761. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18761.

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Background Smartphone apps for heart rate variability (HRV) measurement have been extensively developed in the last decade. However, ultra–short-term HRV recordings taken by wearable devices have not been examined. Objective The aims of this study were the following: (1) to compare the validity and reliability of ultra–short-term and short-term HRV time-domain and frequency-domain variables in a novel smartphone app, Pulse Express Pro (PEP), and (2) to determine the agreement of HRV assessments between an electrocardiogram (ECG) and PEP. Methods In total, 60 healthy adults were recruited to participate in this study (mean age 22.3 years [SD 3.0 years], mean height 168.4 cm [SD 8.0 cm], mean body weight 64.2 kg [SD 11.5 kg]). A 5-minute resting HRV measurement was recorded via ECG and PEP in a sitting position. Standard deviation of normal R-R interval (SDNN), root mean square of successive R-R interval (RMSSD), proportion of NN50 divided by the total number of RR intervals (pNN50), normalized very-low–frequency power (nVLF), normalized low-frequency power (nLF), and normalized high-frequency power (nHF) were analyzed within 9 time segments of HRV recordings: 0-1 minute, 1-2 minutes, 2-3 minutes, 3-4 minutes, 4-5 minutes, 0-2 minutes, 0-3 minutes, 0-4 minutes, and 0-5 minutes (standard). Standardized differences (ES), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and the Spearman product-moment correlation were used to compare the validity and reliability of each time segment to the standard measurement (0-5 minutes). Limits of agreement were assessed by using Bland-Altman plot analysis. Results Compared to standard measures in both ECG and PEP, pNN50, SDNN, and RMSSD variables showed trivial ES (<0.2) and very large to nearly perfect ICC and Spearman correlation coefficient values in all time segments (>0.8). The nVLF, nLF, and nHF demonstrated a variation of ES (from trivial to small effects, 0.01-0.40), ICC (from moderate to nearly perfect, 0.39-0.96), and Spearman correlation coefficient values (from moderate to nearly perfect, 0.40-0.96). Furthermore, the Bland-Altman plots showed relatively narrow values of mean difference between the ECG and PEP after consecutive 1-minute recordings for SDNN, RMSSD, and pNN50. Acceptable limits of agreement were found after consecutive 3-minute recordings for nLF and nHF. Conclusions Using the PEP app to facilitate a 1-minute ultra–short-term recording is suggested for time-domain HRV indices (SDNN, RMSSD, and pNN50) to interpret autonomic functions during stabilization. When using frequency-domain HRV indices (nLF and nHF) via the PEP app, a recording of at least 3 minutes is needed for accurate measurement.

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Zdunek, Rafał, and Tomasz Sadowski. "Segmented convex-hull algorithms for near-separable NMF and NTF." Neurocomputing 331 (February 2019): 150–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2018.11.026.

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De Albuquerque Filho, Nailton José Brandão. "Associação entre excesso de peso, atividade física e comportamento sedentário em adolescentes." Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia do Exercício 12, no. 5 (October 10, 2013): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.33233/rbfe.v12i5.3343.

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Nosso objetivo foi estabelecer o estado nutricional, nível de atividade física (NAF), comportamento sedentário de adolescentes e associar estas variáveis com sexo, tipo de escola e nível sócio familiar (NSF). Estudo transversal desenvolvido com uma amostra de 188 escolares de ambos os sexos do ensino médio de uma escola privada e uma pública em Mossoró/RN. Foram medidos peso e estatura para o cálculo do índice de massa corporal (IMC), aplicação do questionário Lista de Atividade Física, incluindo duas perguntas sobre atividades sedentárias e o questionário de NSF. A análise estatística foi feita através do teste qui quadrado e teste t. A média de idade dos participantes foi 15,4 ± 1,2 anos, dos quais 92 (48,9%) do sexo masculino e 96 (51,1%) do feminino. Observou-se prevalência de inatividade física em 36,2% dos casos, sendo mais frequente nos meninos, mas sem associações significantes. Houve associação entre inatividade física e NSF elevado, entre excesso de peso com sexo masculino, indivíduos de escola privada e NSF mais alto e entre inatividade física com excesso de peso. Concluiu-se que o excesso de peso esteve fortemente associado com adolescentes do sexo masculino, indivíduos fisicamente inativos, que estudam em escola privada e com NSF mais elevado.Palavras-chave: excesso de peso, escola, inatividade física, adolescentes.

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Benson, D. R., T. L. Campos, D. C. Rogers, and J. Jensen. "The effects of airmass history on new particle formation in the free troposphere: case studies." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 12 (June 18, 2008): 3015–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-3015-2008.

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Abstract. Recent aircraft studies showed that new particle formation (NPF) is very active in the free troposphere. And, these observations lead to a new question: when does NPF not occur? Here, we provide case studies to show how different meteorological parameters affect NPF in the upper troposphere, using the aerosol size distributions measured at latitudes from 18° N–52° N and altitudes up to 14 km during the NSF/NCAR GV Progressive Science Missions. About 95% of the total samples showed the NPF feature with median number concentrations of particles with diameters from 4 to 9 nm (N4–9), 288±199 cm−3, and the total particle number concentrations with diameters from 4 to 2000 nm (N4–2000), 500±259 cm−3. Surface areas were in general very low in the free troposphere, 1.58±0.87 μm2 cm−3, which in part explains the high frequency of NPF measured in this region, but there was no distinctive difference in surface area for the NPF and non-NPF cases. Our case studies show that rather airmass history is more important for nucleation in this region. Weak- or non-events did not display uplifting of airmasses. On the other hand, strong NPF events were usually associated with uplifting of airmasses, although there were also NPF cases in which uplift did not occur, consistent with the previous observations (Young et al., 2007). NPF tends to easily occur in the free troposphere because of low surface areas and low temperatures (Carslaw and Kärcher, 2006), but because of the low aerosol precursors in this region, vertical motion (that can bring higher concentrations of aerosol precursors from low altitude source regions to higher altitudes) can play a critical role. Latitude dependence of new particles also shows higher particle concentrations in the midlatitude and subtropics tropopause region than in the tropics, consistent with Hermann et al. (2003).

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Peng, Rong-Chao, Xiao-Lin Zhou, Wan-Hua Lin, and Yuan-Ting Zhang. "Extraction of Heart Rate Variability from Smartphone Photoplethysmograms." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/516826.

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Heart rate variability (HRV) is a useful clinical tool for autonomic function assessment and cardiovascular diseases diagnosis. It is traditionally calculated from a dedicated medical electrocardiograph (ECG). In this paper, we demonstrate that HRV can also be extracted from photoplethysmograms (PPG) obtained by the camera of a smartphone. Sixteen HRV parameters, including time-domain, frequency-domain, and nonlinear parameters, were calculated from PPG captured by a smartphone for 30 healthy subjects and were compared with those derived from ECG. The statistical results showed that 14 parameters (AVNN, SDNN, CV, RMSSD, SDSD, TP, VLF, LF, HF, LF/HF, nLF, nHF, SD1, and SD2) from PPG were highly correlated (r>0.7,P<0.001) with those from ECG, and 7 parameters (AVNN, TP, VLF, LF, HF, nLF, and nHF) from PPG were in good agreement with those from ECG within the acceptable limits. In addition, five different algorithms to detect the characteristic points of PPG wave were also investigated: peak point (PP), valley point (VP), maximum first derivative (M1D), maximum second derivative (M2D), and tangent intersection (TI). The results showed that M2D and TI algorithms had the best performance. These results suggest that the smartphone might be used for HRV measurement.

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LEE, HYEKYOUNG, YONG-DEOK KIM, ANDRZEJ CICHOCKI, and SEUNGJIN CHOI. "NONNEGATIVE TENSOR FACTORIZATION FOR CONTINUOUS EEG CLASSIFICATION." International Journal of Neural Systems 17, no. 04 (August 2007): 305–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065707001159.

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In this paper we present a method for continuous EEG classification, where we employ nonnegative tensor factorization (NTF) to determine discriminative spectral features and use the Viterbi algorithm to continuously classify multiple mental tasks. This is an extension of our previous work on the use of nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) for EEG classification. Numerical experiments with two data sets in BCI competition, confirm the useful behavior of the method for continuous EEG classification.

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Journal articles on the topic 'NWF'

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