Journal articles on the topic 'Nyanja language'

This study investigated language practices in multilingual classrooms in selected primary schools of urban areas of Livingstone city in Zambia among teachers and learners. The purpose of the study was to establish the motivations that teachers and learners had for drawing ‘linguistic features’ from Nyanja, Tonga and English languages in negotiating meaning during teaching and learning activities. The study also interrogated the language practices against the legislative prescription of language(s) to be used in the formal classroom situations in Zambia. Using purposive sampling, the data were collected from twenty teachers and twenty pupils through semi-structured interviews as well as direct observations of the twenty lessons. The study shows that learners prefer using linguistic features drawn from the named languages as resources in making meaning and for the purposes of learning. The study also establishes that teachers use Nyanja and English as resources for linguistic inclusiveness in order to facilitate teaching. These findings seem to counter the traditional expectation in education set ups in Zambia in which highly formalised monolingual languages are to be applied in teaching and learning processes. Therefore, the assumption which language policy formulators make regarding the choice of language(s) to be used in a particular locality for a specific function are contested. In this regard, the study augments the current debate on multilingualism which moves away from the traditional conception of named languages used in informing the formulation of the Zambia Education language policy.

This paper aims to bridge the digital divide in Malawi's primary and secondary schools by developing Chich++, a simple console-based programming language in Chichewa (Nyanja). The goal is to teach fundamental programming and computational concepts to children and adults, especially those with limited English proficiency. Inspired by countries like Germany, China, and Japan, which teach IT in native languages, this initiative seeks to provide Malawian students with culturally and linguistically relevant programming education. By using Chichewa, Chich++ aims to democratize programming education and empower individuals to contribute to Malawi's socio-economic development. To achieve this vision, the paper utilizes a combination of powerful tools and resources. Java is the foundational programming language used for developing Chich++ and its infrastructure, building on the Java Interpreter Structure. Additionally, a graphical editor is employed to create the language's lessons on a documentation panel, paired with a code editor and an output pane. Preliminary (desired) results indicate a suitable engagement theme and comprehensive way for students using Chich++ to understand basic coding and programming concepts, compared to those learning in English. Positive feedback highlights the potential impact on learning outcomes. To achieve this vision, the project utilizes a graphical editor that facilitates the construction of lessons, with a well-thought documentation area to enhance the learning experience.

This paper investigated the adequacy of Kiswahili communication, the most famous and widely used African language, communication in Smartphone technology basing on WhatsApp. Specifically, the analysis relied on Tecno F1. The methodology used was content analysis whereby Kiswahili directives were examined to check how adequate and effective are they. The criteria considered are comprehension/making sense, availability of vocabulary in Kiswahili dictionaries and in daily use, noun classes, affixation and word order. The analysis showed that vocabulary used in the application is, to some extent, sufficient to serve communication purpose to its users. There are words which are very familiar to the users and others are new. The new ones are formed to fill the commucative blankness which is created by the new discoveries. The results showed further that the formation of the words is in line with Kiswahili word formation processes. Likewise, the investigation showed that some verbs were given new meanings to meet new communication to the WhatsApp users. With regard to grammar, most of directives observed to follow Kiswahili word order and affixation rules. However, there are ungrammatical constructions found, mostly, caused by literal translation. Following these results, the paper suggests more efforts to develop and spread Kiswahili, especially to Tanzanians in order to give the language supremacy to be used in science and technology. The use of Swahili will accelerate the development and economic competitiveness in particular among Tanzanians, Africans and other competitors worldwide. Makala hii inahusu uchunguzi wa utoshelevu wa mawasiliano kwa Kiswahili katika teknolojia ya SIKANU. Uchunguzi umejikita katika programu tumizi ya SIKANU ijulikanayo kwa jina la WhatsApp na simu ya mkononi aina ya Tecno F1 imetumiwa kama uchunguzi kifani. Utafiti umetumia mkabala wa kitaamuli, ambapo maelezo na maelekezo ya Kiswahili yaliyomo katika WhatsApp yamechunguzwa katika kupima utoshelevuake. Vigezo vilivyotumika kupima utoshelevu wa mawasiliano hayo ni uelewekaji, uwepo wa msamiati katika kamusi za Kiswahili na katika matumizi ya wazungumzaji, ngeli za nomino, mpangilio wa viambishi na wa maneno katika tungo. Uchanganuzi umeonesha kuwa msamiati unaotumika katika WhatsApp, kwa kiasi kikubwa, ni toshelevu kiasi cha kukidhi mawasiliano baina ya watumiaji wake. Kuna msamiati ambao unafahamika na kuzoeleka kwa watumiaji na mwingine ni mapya. Msamiati mpya unaundwa kuziba mwanya wa mawasiliano unaotokana na ugunduzi wa mambo mapya. Kadhalika, matokeo ya utafiti yameonesha kuwa uundaji wa msamiati mpya unaakisi michakato ya uundaji wa maneno ya Kiswahili kwa kiasi kikubwa. Vilevile, matokeo yameonesha kuwa baadhi ya vitenzi vinapatiwa maana mpya ili kukidhi mawasiliano mapya ya watumiaji wa WhatsApp. Kuhusu sarufi, maelezo na maelekezo mengi yameonekana kuzingatia mpangilio wa maneno na kanuni za uambishaji za Kiswahili. Kwa upande mwingine, matokeo ya utafiti yameonesha utosarufi katika miundo ya Kiswahili. Utosarufi huo, kwa kiasi kikubwa, unasababishwa na tafsiri sisisi. Kufuatia matokeo haya, makala hii inapendekeza kwamba Watanzania na Waafrika kwa ujumla wajitihidi kuikuza na kuiendeleza lugha ya Kiswahili ili kuipa umashuhuri zaidi na kuiwezesha kutumika katika nyanja za sayansi na teknolojia. Kwa kufanya hivyo, matumizi ya Kiswahili yataongeza kasi ya maendeleo na ushindani wa kiuchumi miongoni mwa Watanzania, Waafrika na walimwengu wengine.

This paper presents a study of the Subjunctive in the Bantu languages of Giryama in Kenya (E72a) and Nyanja in Tanzania (N201), and explores its distribution in the two languages. As in other Bantu languages, the Subjunctive is a morphological feature characterized by a verbal suffix -e, an obligatory subject marker, and the absence of tense. Syntactically, the Subjunctive appears in independent clauses, as well as dependent clauses with a certain class of predicates and adverbial subordinators. Independent clauses that may carry the Subjunctive are those that express exhortations or suggestions, and sentences marked with the future tense. Dependent clauses with Subjunctive verbs include: (a) complement clauses containing directive, volitional, and causative verbs, and (b) adverbial clauses such as clauses of purpose. Studies of the subjunctive have often associated its semantic distribution with irrealis, in contrast with the Indicative, which is associated with realis or assertion. We present evidence showing that the irrealis reading may sometimes appear to be absent. We argue that irrealis may not be a necessary and sufficient condition for the Subjunctive. However, the onstructions that give irrealis readings provide the best exemplars of Subjunctives in these two languages. Independent clause Subjunctives are shown to be clearly non-factive. Matrix verbs that take subjunctive complements are described as presupposition triggers of events that are non-factive relative to the matrix event.

This paper focuses on restrictions on the ordering of internal constituents of noun phrases in Chichewa, especially when those constituents are discontinuous. The motivation for discontinuity of the NP constituents will be given, together with discussion of constructions that can be subsumed under this rubric but that do not really involve discontinuity in the canonical sense. These are constructions where a topic NP in a left periphery position is either linked anaphorically with a modifier "remnant" or semantically with its hyponym in post-verbal position. According to Guthrie's classification of Bantu languages, Chichewa is placed in zone N unit N31. It is regarded as a dialect of Nyanja, classified as belonging to unit N30 (Guthrie 1967-71).

Court order are a scientific product of the legal process, so there should be no mistakes in writing court order because this can have fatal consequences for the legal process that has been carried out. Phrases as the smallest level in the syntax used to form sentences must be written correctly in a court order to avoid misinterpretation of a court order. This study will describe the various language errors at the phrase level that can be found in court order on homicide act of criminal. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The data in this study are sentences containing language errors at the phrase level contained in a court order of homicide act of criminal in North Sumatra in 2020. The conclusions in this study are made inductively. Based on the analysis in this study, it can be concluded that there are six types of language errors, namely the influence of regional languages, inappropriate use of prepositions, wording errors, excessive use of elements, errors in the use of superlative forms, and pluralization of plural forms.

Abstract This paper uses historical-comparative approaches in combination with quantitative methods to analyse data from a survey of varieties of the Bantu languages Herero and Kuvale spoken by ethnically diverse groups from southwestern Angola. We assess the status and position of the underdocumented “Kuvale” variety in relation to its closest geographic neighbours, and address questions about the history of the area. We find that Kuvale is lexically differentiated from its closest relatives Herero, Wambo and Nyaneka-Nkhumbi and should probably be considered a language in its own right. Within the lexicon and phoneme inventories of the surveyed varieties, no obvious indications of a substrate were found, including in data collected among the formerly Kwadi-speaking Kwepe, and among the Kwisi and Twa foragers, who have been hypothesized to constitute a remnant layer of non-Bantu, non-Khoisan foragers in the Namib desert.

AbstractThe aims of this research is to explain use of pronouns Talang Mamak Language, Rakit Kulims District, Indragiri Hulu Regency. This is a qualitative descriptive research. The methods of data collection were the observation process followed by the tapping technique, the skillful listening techhique involved, the listening technique free of charge, the recording technique, and technique of note taking. The technique of analyze the data starting by transcribe data after that data data checking and then classify, select, group, analyze, describe, and the last is concluded into a result of the research. On Talang Mamak Language, Rakit Kulim District, Indragiri Hulu Regency there a three design specifically singular first person pronouns aku, jaku, jawak. First person plural pronouns kami, kita. Second person plural pronouns kamu, kau. Third person singular pronoun liau and nyanya. Third person plural pronouns orang itu. The using of pronouns based on age and social status. Keyword: personal pronouns, form and use, Talang Mamak Language. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penggunaan pronomina persona Bahasa Talang Mamak Kecamatan Rakit Kulim Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data yaitu metode simak yang diikuti teknik sadap, teknik simak libat cakap, teknik simak bebas libat cakap, teknik rekam dan teknik catat. Teknik analisis data diawali dengan mentranskripkan data, setelah dilakukan transkip data lalu pengecekan data, setelah data dicek tahap selanjutnya ialah mengklasifikasi, menyeleksi, mengelompokkan, menganalisis, mendeskripsikan lalu terakhir disimpulkan menjadi laporan hasil penelitian. Pada Bahasa Talang Mamak Kecamatan Rakit Kulim Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu terdapat tiga bentuk pronomina persona yaitu kata ganti orang pertama tunggal yaitu aku, jaku, dan jawak, kata ganti orang pertama jamak yaitu kami dan kita. Kata ganti orang kedua tunggal yaitu kamu dan kau, kata ganti orang kedua jamak yaitu mika. Kata ganti orang ketiga tunggal yaitu liau dan nyanya, kata ganti orang ketiga jamak yaitu orang itu. Penggunaan pronomina tersebut berdasarkan usia, dan status sosial. Kata kunci: Pronomina persona, bentuk dan penggunaan, Bahasa Talang Mamak.

(Title: Indonesian Identity in Drama’s Nyanyi Sunyi Revolusi by Amir Hamzah).This paper will examine the beginning period of Indonesia which is represented in the drama. The past events which occurred more than seventy years ago are now retold, not only to re-establish who Amir Hamzah was, but also to explain the Indonesian identity and the roles he played in building a nationality. Amir Hamzah, one of the great authors of Indonesia who also contributed in formulating the archipelago as Indonesia, who advocated Malay language as the language of unity of Indonesia, should be killed by several young men because he was a sultan’s nephew. Those young men considered the Sultans and their families as Dutch henchmen. The tragic story of Amir Hamzah’s life was staged in a drama titled “Nyanyi Sunyi Revolusi” (trans. The Quiet Singing of Revolution)which with the scripts was written by Ahda Imran. Socio-political conditions give rise to the need to define ‘self’. This requires serious rethinking. This drama also illustrates the identity of Indonesia after independence. In other words, literature describes history from a different view. By using the principle of New Historicism, this paper will explain the complex problem that occurred in Indonesia after independence until the 50s. Besides, it also will describe “Indonesian Identity” in the drama “Nyanyi Sunyi Revolusi”. In this context, Indonesian literary texts which reflect Indonesian history can be positioned as historical reading from a different version.Keywords: identity, Indonesian, revolution, new historicism.

Language has, since, shifted from just being a means of communication to a manner of showcasing power, ideology and other fundamental issues of identity. This has been the result of the shift in focus from language analysis as a form to language analysis as a function by modern linguists. This work, basically, is an exploration into the discursive properties in the interlocutions of Vehicle Inspection Officers (VIOs) and drivers on the major highways in Abuja. Their conversations were sampled through oral interviews and participant observation. This was carried out at the VIO major offices in Abuja and three major highways: the Nyanya-Keffi highway, the Zuba-Kaduna highway, and the Gwagwalada-Lokoja highway. To properly unveil the invested ideology and the exercise of power, Fairclough’s (1995) Ideological Discursive Formations (IDF) and Fairclough’s (1989) Members Resources, with insights from van Dijk’s (1998, 2001) social cognitive notion of Positive Self-presentation and Negative Other-presentation are employed. It is discovered that language is a veritable tool used by the officers and, sometimes, the drivers to perpetuate power and inherent ideology. The findings show that a lot of illegitimate dealings are committed by the Vehicle Inspection Officers and drivers as they deploy different strategies in words and action to display a superior ideology and institutional power.

In some Rwandan schools, the use of Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) in English teaching has influenced students' English performance. In technical secondary schools, language teachers have begun utilizing new technologies as pedagogical tools to enhance students' English performance. The current study investigates how teachers adapt to the use of CALL and its implications for students' performance in English subjects in some Rwandan technical secondary schools. Sociocultural theory in language teaching guided this investigation. It used a descriptive research design with a sample of 24 English teachers from Nyanza Technical Secondary Schools. This study utilized a census of all 24 English teachers. Data were collected using questionnaires in the form of a Likert scale. Descriptive analyses indicate that 91% of respondents have a positive attitude towards CALL. The findings show that teachers of English use CALL in teaching English, which affects students’ performance in English. The inferential analysis results show a P value of 0.020, which is lower than the significant correction of 0.05. Therefore, the study findings confirm the teachers’ positive attitude towards CALL. According to the research, the Rwanda TVET Board should train new teachers and continue updating existing English teachers with new CALL technologies.

To address the ever-changing needs of the clients, MSEs have to potentiate their one-to-one interaction with their customers as a cornerstone for their marketing performance. This is because interactive marketing courtesy of interactive communication makes a real effort to reach customers and understand their needs and preferences leading to high levels of marketing performance. However, the use of collaborative technologies for interactive communication amongst MSEs in Kenya remains a challenge. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to establish the influence of interactive communication on the marketing performance of micro and small enterprises within Nyanza region, Kenya. Theory of relational market behaviour and a cross-sectional survey research design was adopted with a target population of 3,211 registered MSE owners in the Nyanza out of which sample size of 356 was selected using Yamanes (1967) formula. Data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using SPSS version 25.0. From findings intercreative communication explained 30.7 percent variation on marketing performance. A coefficient of .319 indicated that a unit change in interactive communication leads to .319 units of positive change in marketing performance. In conclusion interactive communication significantly predicts marketing performance at thus the rejection of the null hypothesis. There is need for MSEs to strengthen their interactive communication platforms for consumers to voice their requirements, perspectives, or opinions and support information exchange. They should also develop methods for collecting input from customers. The report also suggests that when dealing with consumers, MSEs should use positive language, be concise and clear, and personalize their interactions. Thus, it mandates the MSEs to scan the marketing environment for opportunities and align their capabilities of interactive marketing communications with the changes in the customer preferences for maximal output. The finding of this study can help major stakeholders in the MSE sector to strengthen interactive marketing communications for marketing performance.

The implementation of appropriate methods in English language teaching holds a crucial role in improving students' academic performance. Despite English being a core subject and medium of instruction in Rwanda's educational system, in Technical Secondary Schools from southern province, poor performance in English subject has been observed in national examinations and school-level assessments. The objective of this research was to determine the level of availability of teaching and learning resources for the integration of the Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) and its effect on students’ performance in English subject. Research was carried out in 8 Technical Secondary schools from Nyanza District in southern province. The study utilized a sample of eight Head teachers and employed the descriptive research design with a quantitative method. Data were collected using questionnaires in the form of a likert scale. To analyze the data descriptive and inferential analysis were used. Findings indicated that the existing teaching and learning resources to integrate CALL are insufficient to help students in learning English through CALL, thus performance enhanced. It is shown by the inferential analysis with a P value of 0.64 which is greater than 0.05 of the significant correlation. Therefore it implies the negative correlation. The research recommends that the Ministry of Education should avail sufficient computers and internet connection to Technical Secondary schools to enable the integration of CALL in English teaching therefore performance enhanced.

Nyaya School of Philosophy is distinctly recognized as one of the Six Astika Schools of Hindu Philosophy. Unlike Other Schools, Nyaya is peculiarly known to have proposed five components of Syllogism derived from Inferential Reasoning, both Inductive and Deductive. This treatise aims at clarifying The Nyaya Syllogisms, and successfully arguing for its Logical Realism. Logical Realism, in simple terms, refers to logical facts that are Independent of Mind and Language i.e., they are true synthetic a priori no matter the proposition. This Paper shall advocate the logical structure of Nyaya Syllogism which is independent of both mind and language. Also, the Inferential Reasoning that has been instrumentalized by Gautama to propose such Syllogisms shall be discussed to supplement the paper’s Groundwork. This paper has treated Nyaya in regard to its Epistemology and Logic. The reference to Nyaya, as a metaphysical or Ethical Doctrine, including the ideas of Causation, Fallacies, Truth, and Moksha has, for the most part, been sidelined. The Arguments have been drawn from the Original Works of Gautama called “The Nyaya Sutras” as well as Secondary Works which have further illuminated the works of Gautama. Hence, this Paper shall act as an advancement and supplement to the Nyaya Syllogism. It shall also shed light on the Contributions of Nyaya Syllogism in Syllogistic Logic.

This paper explores the silences and the gaps that cut through witness testimonies at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) by applying a trauma lens to the narratives that emerge on the witness stand and by contrasting those with a survivor testimony. It compares the recollection of a traumatic experience with the production of legal meaning. To do so, it focuses specifically on a survivor testimony shared with the author at the Rwandan Nyange memorial in 2014 where the crimes in question happened, and the ICTR The Prosecutor vs Athanase Seromba trial that relates to the events at that particular site. This paper shows that the experience of trauma not only challenges the language of law but also blurs the legal narratives and functions of tribunals like the ICTR.

Background:Globally, criminal activities have significantly increased over the years, which makes the need for a reliable and insightful analytical approach increasingly vital to take proactive measures. Specifically, Abuja is one of the fastest-growing cities in sub-Saharan Africa. The city is however constrained by the current approaches in crime analysis toward proactive decision-making. Thus, presenting an ardent need for this research to provide safety and security to the civilian population, especially those within the crime-prone area(s). Objective:Objective of this research is to develop a framework for crime analysis by identifying the regional frequency of the crimes committed in some selected parts of Abuja, FCT. Method:This research with the aid of the Natural Language Processing approach, crime reports from 2015 to 2021 of Wuse, Garki, Gwagwalada, Nyanya, Maitama and Utako comprising murder, kidnapping, theft, juvenile delinquency and homicidal acts established by the Nigerian Police Command was used toextract textual data therefrom. Using Orange data mining, which is a python-based environment; the reports were transformed to and pre-processed. Thereafter, crimes were mapped regionally using a visually appealing visualization technique known as Word cloud. Results:This essentially, clustered crimes based on their frequencies and regionally. This approach revealed critical details required proffering insights towards decision-making required for crime mitigation. In addition, to ascertain the relationship between crime hotspots the police divisional stations and slum settlement in the study area. Conclusion:The higher education attainment will be the cure for criminal activities in Nigeria. Government should also create more jobs because high unemployment rates will compel people to commit crimes and this will increase crime rate in Nigeria. Lastly, there should be high budgetary provision towards poverty alleviation programme because higher poverty may lead to higher crimes rate due to depression or mental illness associated with being poor and this will decrease the rate of return of legal activities and more likely to increase return of illegal activities.

Kegiatan Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) Tematik merupakan salah satu program di POLITEKNIK LP3I yang bertujuan untuk membangun kepekaan mahasiswa sebagai generasi penerus untuk mampu bersosialisasi dengan masyarakat, peka terhadap masalah yang terjadi dalam masyarakat dan mampu memberikan solusi atas permasalahan sesuai bidang keilmuan yang ditekuni dan keahlian yang dimiliki. KKN tahun 2020 merupakan KKN yang dilakukan di tengah terjadinya pandemi sehingga untuk membantu kelancaran kegiatan KKN tersebut diperlukan pengelolaan proses berbasis online. Tahapan metode penngabdian meliputi 6 tahapan utama, dimana proses utamanya adalah pelaksanaan fasilitas kkn berbasis online ini menuntut adanya sistem informasi yang berguna dalam menangani seluruh proses perencanaan dan pelaksanaan dan evaluasi proses KKN mulai dari pendaftaran KKN, pembagian kelompok KKN, laporan KKN, fitur deteksi lokasi UMKM serta lokasi KKN tiap mahasiswa, tempat pelaksanaan KKN, mengetahui dosen pembimbing lapangan (DPL) dan sebagai sarana mempublikasikan informasi yang berhubungan dengan kegiatan KKN. Hasil dari rancang bangun ini adalah sebuah sistem informasi yang digunakan untuk pengelolaan kegiatan KKN. Sistem ini dirancang menggunakan pemodelan UML (Unified Modeling Language), sedangkan bahasa pemrograman yang digunakan adalah PHP dan database MySQL serta dibangun menggunakan framework Codeigniter. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini adalah mampu mencetak generasi yang siap berkolaborasi dan membantu masyarakat dalam meningkatkan Indek Pembangunan Manusia (IPM).

KKN pada tahun ini berbeda dengan penyelenggaraan KKN sebelumnya, dikarenakan pandemi covid-19 yang belum juga usai maka KKN dilaksanakan individu dan pada tempat tinggal masing-masing mahasiswa dengan tema Pemberdayaan pengetahuan melalui program kuliah kerja nyata berbasis adaptasi kebiasaan baru (KKN AKB) untuk mewujudkan merdeka belajar yang menyatu dalam tauhid melalui penyelenggaraan Program pondok ceria yang bertempat di Kampung Pancawati RW 13 Kecamatan Caringin Kabupaten Bogor dengan berbagai macam kegiatan didalamnya guna menunjang merdeka belajar anak-anak dan menambah pengetahuan mereka pada masa adaptasi kebiasaan baru ini, diantara kegiatannya yakni: Literasi baca, one day one hadits (pemberian dan pemahaman hadits-hadits shohih), language in love ( pembelajaran bahasa Arab dan Inggris), ice breaking and games (menyajikan nyanian serta permainan dan quis), Membuat prakarya( kerajinan-kerajinan dari limbah kain, origami dan bahan alam). Sabtu minggu sehat (olahraga dan senam pagi). Program ini dapat menunjang terciptanya merdeka belajar anak-anak kampung meskipun pada keterbatasan masa adaptasi kebiasaan baru ini.

Nyayas (Maxims) are perceptive tools for many concepts. It is an expression of the general truth or principle. It conveys the ideas of the author easily and clearly. These Nyayas possess simple language to perceive the concepts. In ancient days, people used to understand the concepts by applying Nyayas wherever it looked complicated, and it may be related to Samhita Sutras, commentaries or other literature. Similarly, Ayurveda has also adopted many Nyayas to explain the concepts. Mainly, the commentators of Samhitas have taken the help of Nyayas to convey the hidden meaning. Here, the author tries to explain the Nyayas collectively and clearly, as mentioned in Charaka Samhita.

ABSTRAK Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) merupakan salah satu kegiatan yang harus dilaksanakan oleh semua mahasiswa Universitas Muria Kudus untuk menerapkan pengetahuan yang telah diperoleh selama duduk di bangku perkuliahan serta sebagai wujud nyata pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Untuk membantu kelancaran kegiatan KKN tersebut diperlukan pengelolaan data yang terkait dengan kegiatan KKN. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan sistem informasi yang berguna dalam menangani proses pendaftaran KKN, pembagian kelompok KKN, mengetahui waktu dan tempat pelaksanaan KKN, mengetahui dosen pembimbing lapangan dan melihat penilaian hasil KKN dan sebagai sarana mempublikasikan informasi yang berhubungan dengan kegiatan KKN melalui sebuah sistem informasi. Hasil dari rancang bangun ini adalah sebuah sistem informasi yang digunakan untuk pengelolaan kegiatan KKN, manfaat sistem informasi KKN ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pelayanan dalam pengelolaan kegiatan KKN serta memperlancar proses administrasi kegiatan KKN menjadi lebih cepat dan akurat. Sistem ini dirancang menggunakan pemodelan UML (Unified Modeling Language), sedangkan bahasa pemrograman yang digunakan adalah PHP dan database MySQL. Kata kunci: sistem informasi, kuliah kerja nyata, pelayanan.

Pambiwara merupakan seseorang berketerampilan khusus dalam sastra dan bahasa Jawa yang mampu membawakan acara-acara di lingkungan masyarakat Jawa. Peran sentral pambiwara adalah membawa, mengatur, dan mengendalikan acara. Selain itu, juga bertugas mencitrakan mempelai (nyandra) dengan menggunakan kata dalam bahasa Jawa Kawi. Pada masa sekarang konsep pernikahan Jawa telah berubah dari konsep pernikahan yang klasik ke konsep semimodern. Hal ini mengakibatkan pambiwara harus mengubah sikap bahasanya untuk menyesuaikan keadaan. Penelitian ini berjenis deskriptif kualitatif melalui pendekatan ilmu sosiolinguistik. Penyediaan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode simak. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode padan dan distribusional (metode agih). Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penyajian hasil analisis adalah metode informal. Berdasarkan hasil kajian, ditemukan bahwa persentase penggunaan bahasa Jawa Kawi di kalangan pambiwara berbeda-beda. Persentase bahasa Jawa Kawi yang digunakan pambiwara adalah 3,3% dalam satu rangkaian acara pernikahan. Semakin besar penggunaan bahasa Jawa Kawi dalam distribusi tuturan pambiwara pernikahan Jawa, menunjukkan eksistensi dan wujud pemertahanan bahasa Jawa Kawi.Pambiwara is a person who has an ability in art and Javanese culture. Pambiwara has importance role in the Javanese wedding because he controls and arranges the wedding event in order to keep it running smoothly. Therefore, he has to master Javanese or Kawi vocabularies to create a wise word for the bride. Nowadays, the concept of Javanese wedding has changed from the classic to the modern event. It motivated the pambiwara to change their language attitude. This is a sociolinguistics descriptive qualitative research to analyze pambiwara language attitude. This research uses simak methode to collect the data. Meanwhile, it uses padan and agih methodes to analyze the data. The result shows that the percentage of Kawi that used by pambiwara is different. There are 3.3% of Kawi vocabularies that is used by pambiwara in each wedding event. The result also shows that the greater of the use of Kawi, it denotes the existance of Kawi language maintenance.

This study aims to describe the psychology of the characters using Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory. This descriptive narrative research data was obtained from the novel Mata and Nyala Api Purba by Okky Madasari. This study also uses content analysis techniques. Data collection techniques using read and record. The instrument uses a data card. The validity of the data was obtained through triangulation of sources, theories and methods. The results showed that the novel could be used as a literary learning video for class XII in high school, especially the subject matter of KD 3.9 Analyzing the content and language of novels read in class XII in high school.Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan psikologi tokoh dengan menggunakan teori psikonalisis Sigmund Freud. Data penelitian deskriptif naratif ini diperoleh dari novel Mata dan Nyala Api Purba karya Okky Madasari. Penelitian ini pun menggunakan teknik analisis isi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan baca dan catat. Instrumen menggunakan kartu data. Keabsahan data diperoleh melalui triangulasi sumber, teori, dan metode. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa novel tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai video pembelajaran sastra pada kelas XII di SMA, terutama pokok bahasan KD 3.9 Menganalisis isi dan kebahasaan novel yang dibaca pada kelas XII SMA.

This research is motivated by the still holding of the Ngaruat Lembur tradition in the Parigi Hamlet, Belendung Village in the midst of the times that have undergone many changes caused by advances in science and technology. This study aims to describe and analyze the process of organizing the Ngaruat Lembur tradition for the people of Parigi Hamlet, Belendung Village. In addition, it aims to describe and analyze the values ??contained in the tradition. This study uses an ethnographic type of research, which is a qualitative design whose research describes and interprets the same pattern of values, behavior, beliefs, and language of a group of the same culture. The data collection techniques used were in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and documentation. The data obtained will be reviewed with Cultural Theory and other relevant theories. Based on the discussion of the research results, it is concluded: (1) The process of organizing the Ngaruat Lembur tradition for the people of Parigi Hamlet, Belendung Village includes the "initial process" which is prepared by supporters voluntarily and with high enthusiasm through committee formation activities, fundraising, making various foods, and cleaning. village environment; The “peak process” is carried out by the supporters with solemnity and high enthusiasm through numbal activities, the Dewi Sri procession, the celebration of nyandak tumpeng, wayang golek performances, and ruatan; and the “final process” which was completed by the supporters with high responsibility and sincere devotion through cleaning up the hamlet environment and disbanding the committee. (2) The values ??contained in the tradition include "religious magical values" which are seen in numbal activities, the Dewi Sri procession, the celebration of nyandak tumpeng, and ruatan as a means of expressing gratitude for the produce of the earth, respect for the ancestors, and refuse reinforcements; “togetherness values” as seen in the activities of forming the committee, raising funds, making various foods, cleaning the hamlet environment, and disbanding the committee as a means of strengthening brotherhood ties; and the “material values” that appear in the wayang golek performances as a means of entertainment, populist economy, and practical politics.

Abstrak Masalah dari penelitian ini, yaitu kesalahan ejaan pada laporan Kuliah Kerja Nyata Muhammadiyah (KKNMu) Bengkulu mahasiswa Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia (PBSI) dan mahasiswa Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris (PBI) Universitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi (UMKO) tahun akademik 2019/2020. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikanberbagai kesalahan ejaan yang terdapat di dalam laporan Kuliah Kerja Nyata Muhammadiyah (KKNMu) Bengkulu mahasiswa Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia (PBSI) dan mahasiswa Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris (PBI) Universitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi (UMKO) tahun akademik 2019/2020. Hasil penelitian terdapat kesalahan di dalam 14 laporan KKNMu Bengkulu mahasiswa PBSI dan PBI Universitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi. Dalam laporan mahasiswa terdapat 110 kesalahan penggunaan huruf kapital, 14 kesalahan penggunaan tanda baca titik, dan 201 kesalahan penggunaan tanda baca koma. Melalui penelitian ini diharapkan mahasiswa dapat mengetahui kesalahan ejaan sehingga dapat meningkatkan hasil yang lebih baik dalam proses penulisan laporan KKN berikutnya. Kata Kunci: Kesalahan Ejaan, Laporan KKNMu Mahasiswa PBSI dan PBI Bengkulu. Abstract The problem with this research is spelling errors in the Bengkulu Muhammadiyah Real Work Lecture (KKNMu) report for Indonesian Language and Literature Education (PBSI) students and English Language Education (PBI) students at Muhammadiyah Kotabumi University (UMKO) for the 2019/2020 academic year. This study aims to describe the various spelling errors contained in the Bengkulu Muhammadiyah Real Work Lecture (KKNMu) reports for Indonesian Language and Literature Education (PBSI) students and English Language Education (PBI) students at Muhammadiyah Kotabumi University (UMKO) for the 2019/2020 academic year. The results showed that there were errors in 14 reports of KKNMu Bengkulu students of PBSI and PBI Muhammadiyah University of Kotabumi. In student reports, there were 110 errors in the use of capital letters, 14 errors in the use of punctuation marks, and 201 errors in the use of commas. Through this research, it is hoped that students can find out spelling errors so that they can improve better results in the process of writing the next KKN report. Keywords: Spelling Errors, KKNMu Reports for PBSI and PBI Bengkulu Students.

Panyandra is a form of expression in Javanese which is used to praise someone's beauty or beauty. Panyandra in Javanese society is usually to praise the bride (nyandra manten). Panyandra is a form of metaphor because it has metaphorical components such as the target domain, the source realm and the mapping between the target realm and the source realm. An interesting thing to study is the use of the source domain in panyandra. If panyandra is used to praise the beauty, however, the source realm used as a comparison looks far from beauty. An example is the use of the beast's source realm. Panyandra as a form of metaphor in Javanese can be used as an expression of the human conceptual system in thinking. This is based on the understanding that metaphor can be a reflection of the cognition and culture of a speech community. Thus, this study aims to describe the use of the animal source domain in panyandra as a form of cognitive process to understand the concept of female beauty according to the Javanese view. This study used descriptive qualitative method. Data sources are limited to pannyandra. Data collection was carried out using the observing and noting method so that the panyandra was collected in the form of sentences. Next, the data is analyzed to classify panyandra as a metaphor based on the animal source domain and the mapping pattern of the beauty metaphor using the animal source domain. The theoretical framework used as the basis for thinking in this study is a conceptual metaphor; the relationship between language, culture and thought; and analysis of meaning components. The results obtained are that there are various types of animals that are used as source domains, namely insects, wild animals, birds, and reptiles. There is a pattern of mapping relationships between the target domain and the source domain, namely through the properties of both of them are defined socio-culturally, then the two domains are mapped. Keywords: panyandra; metaphor; the beauty; Javanese woman; animal lexicon

12115 Background: Studies in high-income countries have shown that systematic, remote and electronic collection of patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) during chemotherapy, with provider intervention if symptoms worsen, is associated with fewer symptoms, better quality of life (QOL), and improved survival. It is unknown whether similar ePRO interventions, often using electronic medical record patient portals or mobile devices, can improve outcomes for cancer patients in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), cervical cancer (CC) is the second most common cancer and most common cause of cancer deaths in women. As most patients are diagnosed with locally advanced disease, chemoradiotherapy is standard care; many have severe comorbidities such as HIV. Due to patients’ increased risk for high symptom burden, remote monitoring of ePROs during CC treatment may improve outcomes. We evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of ePRO collection in CC patients from SSA. Methods: Patients were recruited from a prospective cohort study of women with newly diagnosed CC at the Cancer Diseases Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia from June 2022 through January 2023. Patients completed an in-person interview regarding mobile technology usage comprising questions adapted from the 2019 Pew Report on Mobile Connectivity in Emerging Economies and the 2019 Global System for Mobile Communication Association Mobile Gender Gap Report. Questions were translated into 4 primary Zambian languages (Tonga, Nyanga, Lozi and Bemba). Results: Respondents’ (n = 100) mean age was 49.6 years (range, 29-75, SD 9.2), 55% were diagnosed with stage III-IV disease and 59% were HIV+. Most (70%) completed only primary school or no school, 29% reported not being able to read at all and 29% could read only parts of a sentence. Most personally owned a mobile phone (90%) and 8% reported using a phone that belonged to another person. Most used phones to make or receive calls (98%), for banking/mobile money (92%), and text messaging (67%). Of the 26% who owned a smartphone, only half connected to the internet by phone more than once weekly. Nearly all indicated willingness to use a phone to self-report CC-related symptoms if compensated for costs (98%), with 97% preferring to do so via a phone call and fewer via text message (43%) or mobile app (17%). Most (71%) were able to charge phones at home using electricity or solar power and 18% traveled more than 30 minutes to charge phones. Conclusions: Nearly all patients owned or had access to mobile phones and expressed willingness to self-report CC symptoms via phone. Findings support the feasibility and acceptability of ePRO collection and provide contextual data to guide implementation in LMICs, including consideration of telecommunications infrastructure and literacy, low internet use, and ePRO reporting preferences (i.e., calls vs text).

Abstract Recent work on crime fiction has highlighted the genre’s increasingly transnational focus and the growing number of migrant detectives. Matsotsi, a little-known Nyanja text published in Zambia in the early 1960s, provides a much earlier example of this figure in Sergeant Balala, an Angolan detective fighting to contain the tsotsi menace in Johannesburg, South Africa. Matsotsi, however, does more than point to cross-border detection as a means of elucidating transnational relationships. Shonga and Zulu’s text manipulates the genres of the detective novel and the bildungsroman to tell a story about the relationships among the individual, the state, and the wider region at a key moment in southern African history, when Zambia and Malawi were on the cusp of independence. Although African language writing has often been considered too localized to be used for nationalist purposes, here it is mobilized for the purpose of state-making in a transnational context.

Background: Women with a disability are often characterised as a homogenous social group consigned to a cultural stereotype with assumptions of dependence, asexuality and gender neutrality. Furthermore, there is a void of research about the experience of people with disabilities following diagnosis with HIV. Little is known about how HIV diagnosis intersects with disability and gender and how it shapes the experiences of intimacy and gender roles of those negotiating this intersection.Objective: The objective of this study was to explore how HIV, disability and gender shape the perspectives of HIV-positive women with disabilities regarding intimacy and gender roles.Methods: Twelve women in Lusaka, Zambia were recruited for in-depth semi-structured interviews to explore their experiences of having a disability and living with HIV. Interviews were conducted in English, Bemba, Nyanja and Zambian sign language. Descriptive and thematic analyses were conducted, followed by in-depth gender analyses of data relating to intimacy and gender roles.Results: Data analysis led to the identification of two main themes: the impact of HIV diagnosis on intimate relationships amongst the participants; and the disruption and renegotiation of gender roles. These findings demonstrate the loss of intimacy (often decided by the participants) and changes in women’s gender roles (infrequently decided by them).Conclusions: The narrow approaches to sexuality and HIV that reinforce misconceptions and stereotypes need to change. In their place should be inclusive and disability and sex-positive approaches that are informed by the diverse realities of women’s lives. Further research is needed to develop stronger evidence of the impact of HIV and disability on gender roles and sexuality.

Abstract Background There is very little information on the beliefs and perceptions of mothers about SIDS and its related risk factors in Africa. To better understand parental decisions about infant sleep practices and other risk factors for SIDS, we conducted focus group discussions (FGDs) with mothers of infants in Lusaka, Zambia. Methods FGDs involved 35 purposively sampled mothers aged 18–49 years. FGDs were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide in the local language, Nyanja. These were translated, transcribed verbatim into English, and then coded and analyzed using thematic analysis in NVivo 12. Results Six FGDs were conducted with 35 mothers in April-May 2021 across two study sites. FGD Participants were generally aware of sudden unexplained infant deaths, with several describing stories of apparent SIDS in the community. The side sleeping position was preferred and perceived to be safer for the infant with most believing the supine position posed an aspiration or choking risk to the infant. Bedsharing was also preferred and perceived to be convenient for breastfeeding and monitoring of the infant. Experienced family members such as grandmothers and mothers-in-law, and health care workers were frequently cited as sources of information on infant sleep position. A heightened awareness of the infant’s sleeping environment was suggested as a mechanism to prevent SIDS and smothering. Conclusions Decisions about bedsharing and infant sleep position were guided by maternal beliefs and perceptions about what is convenient for breastfeeding and safer for the infant. These concerns are vital to designing tailored interventions to address sleep-related sudden infant losses in Zambia. Public health campaigns with tailored messages that address these concerns are likely to be effective at ensuring optimal uptake of safe sleep recommendations.

This paper is a first attempt to provide an overview of the main lexicographic works of the most spoken Angolan languages of African origin, which were written by missionaries of Portuguese Patronage and laymen who were living in the current territory of Angola (western Africa), from the beginning of Portuguese colonization until its independence in 1975. The current Republic of Angola encompasses old African kingdoms, specifically those of Kongo, Lunda, Matamba, Ngola-Ndongo, and Benguela, and has almost 50 African languages, but Portuguese is the only official language. The Angolan languages of African origin most studied and described by the Portuguese were initially Kimbundu, and, more recently, Umbundu and Nyaneka. The first dictionary of a Bantu language was written in mid-1648 by Italian and Spanish Capuchins led by the Portuguese–Congolese mestizo secular priest Manuel de Roboredo (later, Francisco de São Salvador, O. F. M. Cap., d. 1665). However, the regular linguistic description of the Angolan languages was initiated at the beginning of the 19th century by the Italian Bernardo Maria [Cassaro] da Canicattì, O. F. M. Cap. (1749–1834). In addition, after the “re-establishment” (which was never officially assumed) of the religious orders in Portugal (ca. 1870), the Portuguese Province of the Congregatio Sancti Spiritus (C.S.Sp.) [Congregation of the Holy Spirit] was formed in 1867 mainly because of the evangelization of Angola. In point of fact, the most relevant dictionaries of the Angolan languages in the 20th century were written by the Holy Ghost Fathers [João] Albino Alves [Manso] (1908–1956) (Kimbundu, 1951), António Joaquim da Silva (1909–1995) (Nyaneka, 1966), and José Francisco Valente (1912–1993) (Umbundu, 1972). There are also relevant lexicographic works by laymen, such as the Brazilian Doctor Saturnino de Souza e Oliveira (1820–1871), the Angolan poet, writer, and journalist Joaquim Dias Cordeiro da Matta (1857–1894) for Kimbundu, and the Portuguese medical officer José Pereira do Nascimento (1861–1913) for Umbundu.

Poetry is a combination of words and their meanings. The listeners of the language comprehend the meaning of the words uttered. This common meaning is generally the primary meaning of the words. But some more senses of the words have been explained well by Indian poetics. Such as the secondary meaning e.i. Lakṣaṇā and suggestive meaning e.i. Vyañjanā. According to some schools of Indian philosophy, there is no need of considering a separate Vyañjanā Vr̥tti. In this paper, an effort is made to examine the views of poetics and the Navya Nyāya school of philosophy in the context of Śabdavr̥tti. It will be a topic of interest to observe how Nyāya school handles those examples of suggestive power which are elaborated by poetics

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Informasi yang disediakan oleh industri internet tesebut hanya menampilkan foto satelit tanpa mengetahui jenis obyek yang ada dipermukaan bumi. Sehingga dengan keterbatasan tersebut diperlukan pengembangan teknologi lebih lanjut yang dapat melakukan deteksi obyek nyata pada foto satelit. Deteksi obyek nyata yang ada dipermukaan bumi berdasarkan foto satelit sangatlah mungkin dilakukan, hal ini karena setiap obyek yang ada dipermukaan bumi memiliki fitur yang khas. Dalam penelitian ini, metode yang digunakan untuk membantu mendeteksi obyek-obyek nyata dipermukaan bumi berdasarkan image atau citra satelit adalah Tree-Augmented Naïve Bayes Network Classifier (TAN). Dasar penggunakan metode tersebut untuk mendeteksi obyek adalah karena metode tersebut senantiasa memperhatikan hubungan diantara fitur dalam objek, sehingga lebih realistik diterapkan. Adapun langkah-langkah dalam mendeteksi obyek dalam bentuk image satelit dengan menggunakan metode tersebut, secara garis besar dibagi dua tahap yaitu tahap training dan testing. Tahap training meliputi mengambil sampel obyek-obyek nyata pada image satelit (citra landsat) dengan cara cropping obyek-obyek pada image tersebut, merubah image sampel dalam bentuk grayscale, melakukan training untuk membentuk struktur model TAN berserta estimasi parameter modelnya. Sadangkan tahap testing meliputi select obyek yang akan dideteksi, merubah dalam bentuk grayscale, melakukan deteksi obyek berdasarkan struktur model TAN dan parameter hasil training. 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The aim of research is give lesson materials and research about Javanese manuscripts. The method used to explore manuscript is transliteration. Namely, transfering from source letter to target letter, and more transliteration from old Javanese language to Indonesian language.The reaearch desaign is R and D (research and development). The subject matter are students of Ekspresi Tulis Lanjut , in class G, H, and A in javanese department. The collecting of data used to observation, dokument analysis, and tasks. The object of research is Javanese manuscripts as the result of translation in the class.The results of this research are materials javanese manuscripts, namely: (1) serat Darma laksita, (2) Serat Kudhup sari, and (3) Serat Kumandaka. The third of Javanese manuscripts contens etics, relegion and aestetic that very important for lesson and research. The form of manuscripts are tembang Macapat and gerongan songs. The manuscripts letter can read clearly and easely. Finnaly, the results of research very important for students, teachers, lecturer, and all of academics people.Key words: javanese manuscript, transliteration

Background: Deaf adolescent children face greater challenges in accessing information, particularly on sexual and reproductive health (SRH) than those with other forms of disability. Parents therefore represent the first source of information for such children. However, the extent of this and systems of communication used by these parents remain largely unknown. Therefore, it is against this backdrop that we sought to study systems of parents communicating SRH issues to their children. Methods: A mixed method design was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data on the system of communication used by the sign-language illiterate parents respectively, their perceptions on such discussions and the choice of system of communication. A sample size of 384 parent-child pairs was selected using systematic probability sampling for the quantitative component of the study. For the qualitative component, respondents were recruited using a purposive convenience sampling method which though non-representative, allowed the investigator to choose participants best suited for the intended objective. The study was carried out in ten schools; randomly selected from a sample frame comprising of a list of primary and secondary schools for deaf children within the former Nyanza region of western Kenya. Data was collected using anonymized questionnaires and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Results: Majority of the male parents 90 (23.4%) were in the age range of 51-60 years, while most female parents 134 (34.8%) were in the age category of 40-50 years. Nearly 70% (67%) of the children were in the age range of 15-19 years. Overall, use of picture came out as the main mode/format of communication (33%); with females using it more (23%) compared to males 12.3%. Lip-reading (children reading the lips of their parents), was principally used by male parents. 32(8.3%) parents falling within the age group 41-50 and 51-60 years felt that the information they had on SRH was inadequate. More so, in a qualitative interview, most parents were not satisfied that they had provided enough information to their children on matters of SRH due to communication barrier. Some of the emerging themes from the FGDs were: parents lack a proper approach of conveying SRH information to their deaf adolescent children, unresponsiveness/lack of interest by deaf adolescent children, wrong translation of information conveyed and insufficient time with their deaf adolescent children to pass across these messages. Conclusion: Children with hard hearing are less likely to get adequate information on SRH than their counterparts with no hearing impairment.