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Jha, Bhaskar. "Nyaya philosophy of language : some problems." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/109.
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Barman, Anup. "The Nyaya concept of Prama:a critical study." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/87.
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Sjödin, Anna-Pya. "The happening of tradition : Vallabha on Anumāna in Nyāyalīlāvatī /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Uppsala universitetsbibliotek [distributör], 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7417.
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Laine, Joy Elizabeth. "The concept of self (atman) in Nyaya-Vaisesika philosophy." n.p, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
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Banik, Arati. "Theories of inference : some critical reflections on bauddha - Nyaya controversy." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1448.
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Chakrovorty, Nisith Nath. "Realism phenomenalism controversy in Indian thought with special reference to nyaya- vaisesika and Buddhist school." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/88.
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Adhikary, Jaya. "The Nyaya concepts of Prama,Pramana and Pramanya: a critical study." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/89.
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Chakraborty, Riki. "Some problems concerning Nirvikalpaka pratyaksa in navya nyaya : a critical study." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/94.
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Choudhury, Indrani. "'Will-Generated Cognition' In Indian philosophy with special reference to Navya Nyaya." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2021. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4757.
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Bhattacharjee, Hirendra nath. "The Concept of mind in Nyaya and Advaita Vedanta schools of Indian Philosophy : a comparative study." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/82.
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Gerschheimer, Gerdi. "La theorie de la signification dans le navya-nyaya : le saktivadavicara de gadadhara (17e siecle)." Paris 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA030079.
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Le saktivadavicara - "examen des theories de la sakti (capacite) expressive d'un mot)" -, un classique sanskrit de la semantique elaboree par le navay-nyaya, est connu de nos jours dans une version dont l'authenticite n'avait pas ete mise en doute. Au terme d'une nouvelle edition de la premiere partie du texte (fondee sur 20 manuscrits et 7 editions), accompagnee d'une traduction commentee, cette version vulgate apparait comme le resultat de nombreuses transformations d'un texte proche d'une version courte reconstituee a partie de quatre manuscrits<br>The saktivadavicara - "enquiry into the theories of sakti (expressive capacity of a word)" - is one of the main sanskrit navya-nayayika texts dealing with semantics. It is nowadays widely known in a version whose authenticity had not been questioned. A new edition of the first art of the text (on the basis of 20 manuscripts and 7 editions), together with an annotated translation, shows that this version is the result of many alterations of a text which was close to a shorter version, reconstituted with the help of four manuscripts
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Ballanfat, Marc. "Le problème de la perception dans le Nyaya, en particulier à la lumière de la Nyayamanjari." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040408.
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L'objet de la thèse est l'étude de la perception telle qu'elle est définie et expliquée dans une école philosophique de l'Inde, le Nyaya, et en particulier dans l'un de ses traites les plus représentatifs, la Nyayamanjari, dont l'auteur, Jayanta Bhatta, a vécu au 9e siècle. Je pose dans l'introduction la question suivante: peut-on déterminer un rapport chronologique entre les divers auteurs du Nyaya? Et j'y réponds en montrant que l'examen attentif des textes ne le permet pas. Ensuite, j'y aborde l'étude de certains des concepts fondamentaux que le Nyaya utilise dans sa définition et sa description de la perception, en les replaçant non seulement dans le contexte de la polémique avec les bouddhistes, mais aussi à l'intérieur de la pensée de Jayanta: le fait que la perception n'est pas dénommable(avyapadesya); le fait qu'une perception déterminée par un concept est valide(savikalpakapratyaksa); la preuve de l'existence d'une perception non déterminée (nirvikalpakapratyaksa); la nature de son objet. La partie importante de mon travail réside dans la traduction et le commentaire du chapitre que Jayanta consacre à la perception. Il se caractérise d'abord par son unité. Ainsi, Jayanta donne-t-il une cohérence logique aux solutions qu'il apporte, par exemple quand il supplée un mot dans la définition de la perception afin de réfuter une objection. En ce sens, c'est d'un traité qu'il s'agit ici (dont) plus que d'un commentaire, ce qui contribue à lui donner une place privilégiée dans le Nyaya. Il faut aussi souligner la richesse philosophique d'un texte où sont cités longuement des auteurs inconnus par ailleurs, je veux parler de l'Acarya et du Vyakhyatr<br>The purpose of my thesis is the study of perception as it is defined and explained in a school of Indian philosophy, Nyaya, and particularly through one of its most lucid representative, Jayanta Bhatta who wrote the Nyayamanjari in the 9th a. D. The general introduction gives me the opportunity to ask the following question: is it possible to establish a chronological relation between Jayanta and other authors of Nyaya? And to answer by saying that the scrutiny of the texts doesn't by any way lead to a reply. Then, i deal with the examination of some of the fundamental concepts that Nyaya brings in to define and describe perception, in order to give them a meaning not only in the polemics with their buddhist adversaries but also inside the thought of Jayanta: the fact that perception cannot be named (avyapadesya); the fact that a determinate perception is valid (savikalpakapratyaksa); the proof of the existence of a non determinate perception (nirvikalpakapratyaksa); the nature of its object. The main part of my work lies in the translation and commentary of the chapter that is devoted by Jayanta to perception. What distinguishes it is its unity. Thus jayanta makes a point of bringing into his solutions a logical consistency, for example by supplying one word in the definition of perception to refute an objection. In this chapter it is more a free composition than a commentary. Which gives a glance to its particular and remarkable meaning in Nyaya. So a philosophical text has to be stressed where otherwise unknown authors are fully quoted as Acarya and Vyakhytr
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Das, Bhupendra Chandra. "The Super normal means of Knowing a critical study on the concept of Alaukika pratyaksa in Nyaya Philosophy." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/102.
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Wada, Toshihiro. "Invariable concomitance in Navya-Nyāya /." Delhi : Sri Satguru publ, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb357493212.
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Bal, Rupa. "Nyãya Critique of Akhyãtivãda : Some Reflections." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2018. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2778.
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WADA, Toshihiro. "Delimitor (Avacchedaka) in Navya-Nyāya Philosophy (1)." 名古屋大学文学部, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/9120.
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Kanyerere, Geoffrey Zantute. "Age, growth and yield-per-recruit analysis of ndunduma Diplotaxodon limnothrissa (Teleostei: Cichlidae), in the southeastern arm of Lake Malawi." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005057.
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Diplotaxodon limnothrissa Turner (1995) is a widely distributed species occurring throughout Lake Malawi, extending from the surface to a depth of at least 220m. It is probably the most abundant cichlid in the lake with biomass estimates of around 87 000 tonnes in the pelagic zone alone. The species is exploited commercially in the southern part of the lake but since its inception the fishery has never been assessed. As such this study investigates some aspects of age and growth of the species besides applying a yield-per-recruit analysis to assess the status of the fishery. Analysis of sectioned sagittal otoliths revealed that D. limnothrissa is fast growing and relatively long-lived species, attaining ages in excess of 10 years. Growth in length was rapid in immature fish, with fish attaining almost half of their maximum size within their first year. Le ngth-at-age was described by the von Bertalanffy growth model with combined-sex growth described as Lt = 211.21(1-exp(- 0.24(t+1.36))) mm TL. Total, natural and fishing mortalities were estimated at 0.76 yr⁻¹, 0.31 yr⁻¹ and 0.45 yr⁻¹ respectively. Per-recruit analysis indicated that the D. limnothrissa stock in the southeast arm of the lake is fully exploited as indicated by the current spawner biomass-per-recruit ratios of 31-55% (SB/R)F=0. Modelling indicated that the current age-at-capture (2.67 years) is lower than the age at which yield is optimised (> 5 years) based on the F₀·₁ harvesting strategy. It is, therefore, recommended that the age-at-capture should be increased from 2.67 to 5 years to optimise yield.
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Robinson, Rosanna Lesley. "The dynamics of space use in some Lake Malawi fishes." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005108.
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Behaviour and space utilisation of rock-dwelling cichlids were observed at Thumbi East Island, Lake Malawi. 1. Males of five species of the mbuna complex held long-term territories. Pseudotropheus elongatus "aggressive" vigorously defended a feeding area and sometimes a spawning site interspecifically, but did not feed in the peripheral part of their territory. Spawning sites of Pseudotropheus zebra, Pseudotropheus tropheops "orange chest", Labeotropheus fuelleborni, and Petrotilapia nigra were interspecifically-defended, while larger mating territories were defended against conspecific neighbours. Feeding areas were shared with many fish and often extended beyond the defended area. There was considerable variation in behaviour and space use within and between species and between times of day. 2. Non-territorial P. zebra used larger ranges than territorial conspecifics, and fed more on plankton, but individuals had preferred benthic feeding areas, often in conspecific territories. These 'floaters' were often aggressive. Both size and relative brightness independently predicted the outcome of aggressive interactions between floaters, and a site-specific dominance hierarchy was suggested, with some individuals appearing to be semi-territorial. 3. Males and females of 21 and 13 species respectively were found to establish temporary breeding territories. Overall breeding seasonality was bimodal, but reproductive timing and territory characteristics differed among species. Temporary territories had a considerable impact on the behaviour and habitat use of all resident mbuna species, even causing abandonment of territories. 4. Non-breeding Protomelas taeniolatus had limited home ranges, and showed little aggression. During the highly-synchronised reproductive season, males defended spawning sites and females fry-guarding territories. Most chases were directed towards the commonest fish, but predators were chased further and faster. Female behaviour changed over the guarding period. Females generally continued territorial defence after the brood had disappeared. Most broods contained fry of different sizes and species. Significant benefits were found for guarding females with clustered territories, but females did not appear to choose sites adjacent to conspecific parental females. 5. Territoriality in fish is taxonomically widespread and may serve several functions according to species, sex and developmental stage. It also varies according to genotype- and phenotype-limited strategies and short term costs and benefits. Territories may be simultaneously multifunctional.
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Smith, Peter F. "Evolution of Lake Malawi Cichlid Fishes (Perciformes: Teleostei)." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SmithPF2002.pdf.
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Laine, Joy Elizabeth. "The concept of Self (ātman) in Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika philosophy." Thesis, Open University, 1990. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57309/.
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Nyāya, one of Hinduism's six orthodox schools of philosophy, has been of interest to western philosophers largely because of its sophisticated analysis of logical and linguistic problems. In India, the purpose of the orthodox school (or darśana - "view") has been to lead the student toward liberation (mokṣa). Hence Nyāya's preoccupation with logic should not in itself preclude a real concern with mokṣa. The broad aim of my thesis, therefore, is to determine how Nyāya functions as a complete darśana, to see if indeed the various aspects of the system stand together as a coherent mokṣamārga (way to release). Because Hindus conceive of salvation as the realization of a transcendental Self (ātman), and because the nature of such a Self has been a prime focus for Indian philosophical debate, this thesis will concentrate on the Nyāya understanding of ātman, and the logical arguments for its existence. Nyāya philosophers played a leading role in arguing against their Buddhist opponents in India who denied the existence of any such transcendental Self. The debate, which endured for many hundreds of years, culminated in the eleventh century A.D. with the works of Udayana, a leading Nyāya philosopher, and his Buddhist opponents, Jñānaśrīmitra and Ratnakīrti, after which time the Buddhist challenge waned in India, and the Nyāya school, known in its later phase as Navya-Nyāya, became more concerned with the method rather than the substance of the arguments. In this thesis I concentrate on one particular text of Udayana, the Ātmatattvaviveka (The Discrimination of the Reality of the Self), for in this text Udayana arranged most of the major disputes that had engaged Nyāya and Buddhist philosophers in the preceding centuries in such a way as to clearly display their relevance for the debate about ātman. The main body of my thesis consists of translations from this hitherto largely untranslated work, and discussions of some of the important arguments found therein. The concluding part of my thesis uses my findings for the broader discussion of the importance of ātman in Nyāya, and the place of Nyāya within the wider spectrum of Indian soteriological thought.
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Munthali, Simon Muchina. "Ecological interaction between the introduced and native rock-dwelling cichlid fishes of Lake Malawi National Park, Malawi." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005110.
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More than twenty years ago, over twenty species of the rock-dwelling cichlid species (Mbuna) were translocated from the northern Lake Malawi, where they are endemic, to Thumbi West Island, Lake Malawi National Park, in the southern part of Lake Malawi. Among these species, Cynotilapia afra, Pseudotropheus callainos and Pseudotropheus tropheops 'red cheek' are strongly territorial, and have increased substantially in number and are widely distributed, particularly in the three to seven metre depth band of the rocky habitats at the Island of Thumbi West. It is feared that the increase in population density of translocated species (hereafter referred to as introduced species) may be at the expense of ecologically equivalent native species which could be eliminated. In this thesis the following key hypotheses have been tested: (i) that the introduced species having originated from a region of Lake Malawi which is generally poor in nutrients and introduced in an area which is richer in nutrients, would cope better than the native species during periods of nutrient scarcity which occur frequently, often seasonally in oligotrophic lakes, such as Lake Malawi; (ii) that the introduced species are fitter than their ecologically equivalent native species in the acquisition of territorial space in which they breed, feed and seek shelter, and (iii) that introduced and native species coexist by utilizing different microhabitats. Results show that: 1. the introduced species, P. callainos and P. tropheops 'red cheek' may have responded positively to enhanced nutrient availability, as they were found to have better condition factors and fecundity indices at Thumbi West Island than at sites of their origin, in the northern lake Malawi. Cynotilapia afra, P. callainos and P. tropheops 'red cheek' also maximise their life-span fecundity by starting to reproduce at relatively smaller size than the native species with which they overlap in microhabitat requirements. Similarly, their breeding peaks precede the breeding peaks of the native species with which they overlap in microhabitat requirements. Consequently, due to priority residence effects, the offspring of introduced species may have a competitive edge in the use of essential resources, e.g., refuge over the offspring of the native species whose peak-recruitment occurs later in the year. 2. There is an overlap between the introduced and native species in their microhabitat requirements. Consequently, interference competition between them for territorial sites occurs. The choice of optimal territory sites is constrained by the fact that females preferentially mate with males that defend significantly smaller holes, or crevices among the rocks, probably as a means of minimizing egg predation during spawning. 3. The population of territorial males of introduced species seems to grow exponentially, depending on the availability of suitable microhabitats, and an equilibrium between them and males of the native species may be reached. Competition for optimal territory sites seems to intensify, once the carrying capacity in a particular area has been reached, and it is at this stage that some territorial males of the introduced and native species with similar microhabitat requirements, e.g., C. afra and P. zebra, or P. tropheops 'red cheek' and its sibling native species, P. tropheops 'orange chest' displace each other. However, it seems unlikely that any of the native species which were compared with the introduced species would be driven to extinction because: (a) there is a considerable interspecific territory turn-over between the introduced and native species that overlap in microhabitat requirements. (b) Even in situations where some of the native species occur in microhabitats that are not of their preference, they occupy patches of suitable sites and are capable of breeding. (c) It has been suggested that since introduced and native species breed throughout the year and are polygamous and have intraspecifically shared paternity, they are capable of fertilizing many gravid females of their own species. Therefore, the population of native species may not be detrimentally limited by the presence of introduced species. (d) The introduced and native Mbuna species that prefer small rocks coexist in the same microhabitats, partly by feeding at different sites with different intensity and they also feed at different heights in the water column. 4. The following studies have been recommended before any management intervention, such as culling is adopted: (i). interaction between the introduced and native species in the shallow and deep rocky habitats; (ii) space utilization and survivorship of juveniles of the introduced and native species; (iii) laboratory studies to confirm the role of different nutrient regimes on the fecundity of Mbuna; (iv) the possibility of hybridization between the introduced and native species; (v) monitoring of population growth and distribution of the introduced species around Thumbi West Island should continue in order to detect their long-term effects on the native species.
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Belzile, Jean-François. "Vaincre et convaincre : une dialectique indienne de la certitude (IIIe-VIIe s.)." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0025.
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Marsh, Alan Clive. "A contribution to the ecology and systematics of the genus Petrotilapia (Pisces : Cichlidae) in Lake Malawi." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009513.
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The nominal species Petrotilapia tridentiger Trewavas, a rock-frequenting fish from Lake Malawi, occurs in three distinct male and female colour forms at Monkey Bay. Field observations on courtship and aggression indicate that the three colour forms are distinct species. The taxonomy of the three species of Petrotilapia that occur at Monkey Bay is revised. R. tridentiger is redescribed and two new species, P. genalutea and P. nigra, are described. The three species are very similar morphologically and are considered to be sibling species. The only morphological character which reliably separates the three sibling species is live coloration: Live coloration is considered to be an important component of the specific mate recognition systems in Petrotilapia species. The coloration of a further fourteen forms of Petrotilapia is described and it is suggested that these forms are valid species. Space resource partitioning plays an important role in facilitating the coexistence of Petrotilapia sibling species. Space is partially partitioned in terms of depth range. In shallow water, where all three species are sympatric, there are differences in the feeding sites used by the various Petrotilapia forms. Changes in niche breadth and overlap, which are associated with changes in the abundance of epilithic algae, indicate that competition for feeding space occurs between the three Petrotilapia species. The Petrotilapia species partition their resources according to a social dominance hierarchy. Dominant forms, such as territorial males, R. tridentiger females and schooling R. genalutea females, have access to rich food supplies which occur within the territories of certain highly aggressive Pseudotronheus species. are facultative and opportunistic .feeders. Petrotilapia species Speciation in allopatry is considered to be the mechanism which adequately explains the current diversity of the genus Petrotilapia. The importance of an integrative approach to future systematic and ecological research on Lake Malawi cichlids is stressed.<br>KMBT_363<br>Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in
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Pienaar, Ryno Cuyler. "The feeding ecology of extralimital Nyala (Tragelaphus Angasii) in the Arid Mosaic thicket of the Southern Cape." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021012.
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The nyala on Buffelsdrift Private Game Reserve were found to be mainly browsers and made little use of grass during the study period. Browse contributed 87.8 percent to the annual diet, while grass contributed 12.2 percent. Only six species formed > 5 percent of the annual diet. Of these six only three species formed > 10 percent. They are the shrubs Acacia karroo, Pappea capensis and Grewia robusta. These were followed by the shrub Portulacaria afra, the dwarf shrub Zygophyllum lichtensteinianum and the grass Cynodon dactylon all contributing between 5 - 10 percent. There were definite seasonal dietary shifts with preference to different plant species. The shift takes place between the wet seasons (winter and spring) and the dry season (summer). Herbaceous species such as Cynodon dactylon and Erharta calycina were favoured in the winter/wet season. Shrubs such as P. capensis, P. afra and dwarf shrubs such as Limeum aethiopicum and Z. lichtensteinianum were favoured during the spring/wet and summer/dry seasons. Nyala habitat use in BPGR differed significantly from expected use when taking the relative area of habitats into consideration. However nyala did not display signififcantly different habitat preferences between seasons. Male and female nyala displayed differences in foraging behaviour at the plant form, plant species and habitat scale. Males preferred a greater proportion of shrubs and females a greater proportion of dwarf shrubs. Males preferred the shrubs Pappea capensis and Portulacaria afra the most and females preferred the dwarf shrubs Limeum aethiopicum and Zygophyllum lichtensteinianum the most. Plant species site availability varied significantly between the sexes, indicating that males and females selected different feeding paths. The difference in their feeding strategy appears to be related to the selection of plants that best satisfy the nutrient requirements of each sex. These findings are in agreement with the results from earlier studies on nyala sexual dimorphism. At the habitat scale females selected more for open dwarf shrubland and males more for densely vegetated habitats. This appears to be as a result of males attempting to maximize their foraging opportunities by selecting areas that offer food in greater quantities. Nyala in BPGR appear to co-exist with kudu and eland through spatial resource partitioning. This is suggested to be due to the influence of body size-gut size relationships on forage selectivity.
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Kaunda, Emmanuel Kamlipe Watson Hawkins. "Feeding ecology of Bathyclarias nyasensis (Siluroidei: Claridae) from Lake Malawi." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005126.
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In Malawi, fish contribute about 60-80% to the country's animal protein supply. The greater proportion (> 50%) comes from Lake Malawi. Bathyclarias nyasensis and other clariid catfish contribute up to > 20% of the total catches. Catches of Bathyclarias nyasensis in the inshore area of the south-east arm of Lake Malawi are declining and a management plan for the fishery is essentially lacking. There is paucity of biological data that precludes the use of any option to manage the species. The principal aim of the thesis was to define the ecological role B. nyasensis, the most abundant and common of the Bathyclarias species. By examining life history characteristics within a food web context, it was hypothesized that the study would provide an insight into the interrelationships between species, and, hence form the basis for the development of a rational exploitation strategy for the species. The study was undertaken in the south-east arm of Lake Malawi (9° 30'S, 14° 30'S). The principal objectives of the study were to investigate the feeding ecology of B. nyasensis by examining morphological characters and structures associated with feeding, diet of B. nyasensis, food assimilated in the species using carbon (∂¹³C) isotope analysis, daily food consumption rate for B. nyasensis; and to relate the feeding ecology to life history traits such as age, growth, and some aspects of the reproductive biology of B. nyasensis. The suitability of sectioned pectoral spines and sagittal otoliths to age B. nyasensis was assessed. Due to reabsorption of growth zones with increasing spine lumen diameter with fish size, and the relatively low number of spines that could be aged reliably, only otoliths were used. The maximum age for B. nyasensis was estimated at 14 vears. Growth was best was described by the four parameter Schnute mc: lt ={42+(81¹·⁸ - 42¹·⁸)x1-e⁻°·°⁵⁽t⁻¹⁾}¹/¹·⁸ over 1-e⁻⁽⁻°·°⁵⁾⁽¹¹⁾ for female, lt={41+(98¹·² - 41¹·²)x 1-e⁻°·°²⁽t⁻¹⁾}¹/¹·² over 1-e⁻⁽⁻°·°²⁾⁽¹³⁾ and for male fish. Age-at-50% maturity for females and males were estimated at 7 years and 4 years, respectively. Typically, fish grew rapidly in the first year, but slower during subsequent years. Smaller fish were found inshore while larger fish were found in offshore regions. It was hypothesised that the rapid growth in the first year and slower growth later is a consequence of change in diet from high quality and abundant food source to a more dilute food and that this may be associated with a shift in habitat. Morphological characters associated with feeding were used to predict the food and feeding behaviour of B. nyasensis. The size of premaxillary, vomerine, pharyngeal dental and palatine teeth and premaxillary and vomerine tooth plates suggested the capability of B. nyasensis to handle both large and small prey, with a propensity towards smaller prey in composition to C. gariepinus. The molariform teeth on the vomerine tooth plate suggested that molluscs form part of the diet. The relative gut length (1.27±0.24) suggested omnivory, with an ability to switch between planktivory and piscivory. Buccal cavity volume and filtering area changed with fish size at 500-600 mm TL upon which it was hypothesised that the fish diet changed to planktivory at this size. Detailed diet analysis provided information upon which the above hypotheses could be accepted. Percent Index of Relative Importance (%IRI) and a multi-way contingency table analysis based on log-linear models were used to analyse diet data. Results showed that B. nyasensis is omnivorous, but with a distinct ontogenetic dietary shift from piscivory to zooplanktivory at 500 - 600 mm TL. The increased buccal cavity volume at the same fish size therefore, suggests that B. nyasensis is well adapted to filter the dilute zooplankton resource. Increased foraging costs of feeding on zooplankton explained the slower growth of larger fish. The dietary shift was finally corroborated by results of the ∂¹³C isotope analysis. A polynomial equation described the change in carbon ratios with fish size: ∂¹³C = - 33.188 + 0.4997L - 0.0045 (total length)² (r² = 0.598, n = 12, p=0.022). The ontogenetic shift in diet was synchronised with a habitat shift postulated in life history studies. In the inshore region, B. nyasensis were predominantly piscivorous (apex predators), and were zooplanktivorous in the offshore region, thereby forming part of the pelagic food web in the latter region. After examining "bottom-up" and trophic cascade theories, it was postulated that perturbations of the B. nyasensis stock would be discernible both at the top and lower trophic levels. As a piscivore and therefore apex predator, effects of overfishing B. nyasensis in the inshore region could cascade to unpredictable ecological changes in inshore areas and, due to the ontogenetic habitat shift, in the offshore regions. Examples of trophic cascade phenomena are provided. On the basis of the feeding study, it was possible to reconstruct the pelagic food web of Lake Malawi. Apart from the lakefly Chaoborus edulis, B. nyasensis is the other predator that preys heavily on zooplankton in the pelagic zone. Perturbations of the B. nyasensis stock could affect size composition of zooplankton which in tum, could affect production of C. edulis, a resource for the top predators in the food web. The findings of the present study contributed to the ongoing debate of introducing a zooplanktivore into the pelagic zone of Lake Malawi. Proponents for the introductions have argued that zooplankton predation by fish is inferior to that of C. edulis. Introduction of a clupeid zooplankton was proposed as a strategy to boost fish production in the lake. The zooplanktivore would either out-compete or prey on C. edulis to extinction. Opponents to this view argued that zooplankton biomass in the pelagic region was too low to support introductions and that the fish biomass in the pelagic region may have been underestimated. Results from the present study suggest that planktivorous fish (including B. nyasensis) might not be inferior to C. edulis in utilising the zooplankton resource; B. nyasensis is well adapted to utilise the dilute zooplankton resource, and by omitting B. nyasensis from previous studies, overall zooplankton predation by fish may have been underestimated by between 7 - 33%. On the basis of the theoretical migratory life history cycle of B. nyasensis, it is recommended that the current interest in increasing fishing effort in offshore areas should proceed with caution. Ecological changes that may have occurred in the inshore areas due to overfishing have probably not been noticed: as the offshore zone has never been fished. The latter zone may have acted as a stock refuge area. Higher fishing intensity in the offshore areas could lead to serious ecological imbalances and instability. The study has shown that life history characteristics studied in the context of the food web, and in the absence of other fisheries information and/or data, strongly advocates the precautionary principle to managing changes in exploitation patterns.
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Oliveira, Pegado António José Salomao de. "The distribution of cloud cover over Lake Malawi/Niassa/Nyasa and its watershed." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0024/MQ51778.pdf.
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Impson, N. D. (Neville Dean). "A contribution towards an understanding of the intensive tank culture of an ornamental Cichlid, Aulonocara Baenschi, from Chipoka, Lake Malawi." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004596.
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The intensive tank culture of ornamental mouthbrooding cichlids poses several problems which limit their aquaculture potential. This project addressed some of these problems for Aulonocara baenschi. The production of juveniles in 2501 aquaria was accelerated when: a) aquaria were equipped with refuges, b) females of less than 70mm in standard length were used as broodstock, c) mouthbrooding females were replaced with gravid females at seven day intervals, and d) embryos were removed from the mouths of females at replacement times for artificial incubation. Two sex ratios also accelerated juvenile production. The sex ratio (male:females) 1:30 yielded the highest spawning returns per tank, and therefore represented the most effective utilization of aquarium space (a critical consideration for the small-scale culturist). Contrastingly, the sex ratio 1:12 yielded the highest clutch sizes and a high percentage female spawning return, and therefore represented the most effective utilization of broodstock (an important consideration for culturists inhibited by financial constraints or having an abundance of culture vessels). The reproductive behaviour of A. baenschi was described. Emphasis was given to aspects of reproduction of relevance to culture, for example; spawning times and seasons, clutch size and its relationship with female size, age and size of sexes at first spawning, embryo development rate and size of first swimming juveniles. The slow growth rate of juveniles, combined with a late attainment of marketable size (± seven months) was a major limitation affecting the cuIture potential of A. baenschi. Two factors favouring the cuIture of this species was the high survival rate recorded for both adults and juveniles, and the comparatively high prices fetched by fish on domestic wholesale markets (R4,00 per fish). It is recommended that A. baenschi should not be cultured exclusively for the relatively small South African ornamental fish market. A more profitable strategy for domestic culturists should involve a major production effort with A. baenschi and other desirable species of Aulonocara (e.g . A. ethelwynnae; A. hansbaenschi; A. stuartgranti & A. maylandi) for foreign markets (in particular, the U.S.A.; Western Europe & Japan). Not only are these markets massive, but prevailing exchange rates of the Rand with these currencies favour such a strategy.
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Boulé, Viviane. "La construction identitaire du sujet dans les romans d'Angèle N. Rawiri et Jean Divassa Nyama." Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST0002.
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La construction identitaire du sujet relève du vaste champ sémantique de l'identité en général, et de l'identité personnelle en particulier. A l'heure de la modernité, c'est- à- dire de l'affirmation du sujet, le sens et la valeur du processus identitaire interrogent de manière transversale les sciences humaines et sociales. En littérature francophone, la construction identitaire du sujet romanesque africain, se complique des rémanences d'un environnement référentiel également en mutation socio- culturelle, A partir du corpus de quatre romans des auteurs gabonais Angèle Rawiri et, Jean Divassa Nyama, la présente étude s'intéresse au processus identitaire d'un sujet à la fois urbain et rural, qui en dépit de plusieurs stratégies développées, vérifie par son échec la thèse du « héros » problématique.Au regard des implications formelles, psycho- sociologiques et culturelles de notre objet d'étude, nous avons retenu une approche anthropologique, à savoir plurielle, pour mieux en cerner les nombreux contours.La première partie, descriptive, dresse le contexte socio- culturel auxquels s'alimentent les facteurs exogènes et endogènes de la crise identitaire du personnage. Celle – ci naît surtout du désir d'une nouvelle identification du personnage par rapport à soi et à son milieu, sous la pression d'une modernité exigeante. La diversité des situations du sujet débouche sur une stratégie d'affirmation identitaire multiforme, où dominent à la fois le goùt du pouvoir, le besoin de sécurité affective et l'enjeu culturel.Le deuxième axe voit le personnage- sujet lancer sa dynamique de quête, selon une configuration narrative et actantielle, articulée par une stratégie déterminante de modalités cognitives et pratiques.La dernière partie place le paradigme spatial au centre de la sémantique de la construction identitaire du sujet: cela débute par le cadre spatio- temporel africain en tant que structurant extérieur de l'aventure, auxquels s'ajoutent une intériorité et un imaginaire investis à la fois d'une valeur fonctionnelle et d'une forte symbolique. Enfin, l'importance accordé par le sujet au jeu relationnel sur son parcours identitaire contribue à notre sens à signifier l'importance de sa transformation intérieure. Il ressort en conséquence que l'émergence du sujet africain passe par l'enrichissement de son Être, à travers une vraie connaissance de soi et de ses valeurs culturelles, pour mieux exister au monde<br>The identity shaping of the romantic subject owes to a large semantic field of identity in general, and of personal identity in particular. At the time of modernity, and more precisely, of the assertion of the subject, the sense and value of the identity process imply transversal clarification with the help of social and human sciences. As far as francophone African literature is concerned, the identity shaping of the romantic subject in the novel is facing the persistences of a referential environment which is submitted to sociocultural mutation.Applied to a corpus of four novels written by two gabonese authors, Angele Rawiri and Jean Divassa Nyama, the current study concerns the identity process of the romantic subject who is sharing rural as well as urban environment, and who, despite several strategies at stake, responds though his failure, to the concept of the problematic “hero”.Consequently, the emerging process of the African subject depends on the improvement of his being, through a real knowledge of himself and his cultural values. That is the best way for him to assert his existence in the world
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Mamo, Yosef. "Ecology and conservation of mountain nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni: Lydekker 1910) in Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487340.
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The study dealt with four themes of importance for conservation of T. buxtoni (hereafter MN). Firstly distance sampling technique involving transects and total count methods were employed to assess population size and dynamics of MN. The study revealed that the total population size of MN in the study area varied between 887-965 individuals at 95%CI, representing a reduction by about 48% from what was reported in 1980's and a reduction of about 74% from what was reported for 1969. However, due to contraction of its habitat, average densities of MN have increased from what was reported in 1980's. More than half (54%) of the population is represented by adults and the population has the a sex ratio of2:1 (~ : 0). The sub-population ofMN in Dinsho sanctuary is 'closed population' because no evidence was found to suggest that the D.insho sub-population is mixing with the rest. The study forecasts a continual decrease of MN population by a rate of about 2% - 5% annually if no action is taken to counteract it. No conclusive evidence was found to suggest that innate demographic traits of the·species have made significant contribution to observed decline in population size as many parameters (i.e., recruitment, rate of increase, age structure except male adult and calves group, and group size) were similar in 1983-85 and 2003-05. Secondlv, randomly laid plots along transect lines were used to describe the basic components (vegetation types) of the MN habitat range and assess how MN relates to them. Accordingly six major vegetation types were recorded in Gaysay grassland habitat; among which Hypericum bush, mixed vegetations and Artemesia bush are the most selected and hence most preferred by MN. Similar numbers of vegetation types were recorded in AdelaylDinsho woodlands; among which, montane open grassland and Hypericum woodland are the most selected and thus preferred vegetation types by MN. When all vegetation types pooled together, levels of browsing decreases significantly with increase in vegetation height; while increases with increase in patch size. However, positive correlations were observed hetween levels of browsing and vegetation hlight for Helichrisum species; while negative correlation for Artemesia and open grassland in terms of patch size. Thirdlv, the effects of livestock and humans on availability, structure and composition ofMN habitat were investigated. The result revealed that presence of livestock and humans had negatively affected vegetation structure, composition and habitat availability to MN. Moreover, presence of livestock and their signs (droppings) were negatively correlated with presence of MN and their droppings. Fourthly, structured questionnaire and interviews directed to randomly selected households in 7 villages were used to assess the attitudes, and awareness of the local communities towards conservation of the park's flora and fauna with particular emphasis on MN. About a quarter of respondents (26%) felt that they benefited while 55% felt that they experienced conflict from the park. The most important benefits identified were leasing of horses to tourist's (62%) and serving as tourist guide (44%). Significant majority (83%) of the respondents believes that there is lack of equity in benefit distribution. The main conflicts identified were resentment due to forceful relocation (84%) and livestock grazing restriction (74%). Perceived benefits and conflicts were significantly variable across livelihood strategy than proximity and duration of settlements. The majority of respondents (66%) believe that their presence in the area does not contribute to degradation of MN habitat, an attitude more commonly held among recent settlers than long-term settlers. The overall attitude of the local people towards the park appeared to be positive since, for example, 80% of respondents would support the park's conservation activities if given the chance, suggesting that there is scope to enhance cooperation and improve the-prospects for conservation of the MN and its habitat.
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Nyaga, Justine Muhoro. "Nutritional contribution of atmospheric deposition to the Strandveld vegetation of West Coast South Africa Justine Muhoro Nyaga." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6153.
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Includes abstract.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>Ecosystem nutrient availability depends on the balance between rates of nutrient inputs and losses. Nutrients may be lost through fire and displacement of ash, herbivory, leaching and volatilization. The main pathways through which nutrients may be acquired are weathering of rock and atmospheric deposition. Symbiotic and free-living diazotrophic bacteria and blue green algae also contribute N. In ecosystems with limited occurrence of N₂-fixation and occurring on low-nutrient bedrock, atmospheric deposition is the most significant source of nutrients. Nutrients from atmospheric deposition may be of natural or anthropogenic origin, and can be “wet-deposited” dissolved in precipitation and “dry-deposited” when aerosols settle out of the atmosphere onto plant and soil surfaces. Studies on nutrient cycling around the world suggest that nutrient deposition can provide substantial amounts of nutrients to coastal ecosystems, although mineral weathering of rocks can also a significant source. Limited prior work on deposition in coastal areas of South Africa suggests that nutrient deposition could be an important component of nutrient budgets in the Cape Floristic Region. The west coast of South Africa borders a section of the Atlantic Ocean that is highly productive and characterized by strong seasonal winds, rough waters and strong wave action. This area is home to the Strandveld vegetation, which grows on marine-derived soils. Based on this, I hypothesized that marine aerosol deposition is a significant source of nutrients for the vegetation in west coast South Africa. To test this hypothesis, I examined the spatial and temporal characteristics of atmospheric deposition as well as the climatic and ecological characteristics of the area.
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Mohammed, Abdallah Ishag Babiker. "L'utilisation des TIC dans l'apprentisage du FLE au Soudan : étude de cas à l'université de Nyala au Darfour." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCC005.
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L'objectif de cette recherche consiste à postuler les effets de l'intégration des TIC dans l 'apprentissage du FLE au Soudan, à partir d'une étude de cas des étudiants de FLE de l'Université de Nyala (état du Sud Darfour). L'hypothèse principale porte sur l'usage des TIC en classe de FLE soudanaise comme facteur de maîtrise de la langue française et d'initiation à la culture française par une modification du rapport aux savoirs. La méthodologie croisée comprend 1) une enquête qualitative préliminaire auprès d'enseignants sur leurs usages des TIC ; 2) un questionnaire (N = 220 ; population exhaustive des étudiants en FLE de Nyala) ; 3) une étude comparée de pratiques de classes sans/avec usage des TIC (2112 séquences ; classe en semestre 5 ; 90 étudiants). Les résultats montrent que l 'usage des TIC dynamise les interactions et modifie le rapport au savoir, ouvrant des perspectives de démocratisation et de désenclavement du territoire ainsi qu'une opportunité de renouvellement des pratiques professionnelles et étudiantes dans leur dimension interculturelle<br>This research aim lays on the impact of the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) during French teaching class in Sudan. This case study focused on the students from Nyala University (South Darfur State). The hypothesis was about the ICT impact on the learning as a vector for the French language mastering and the initiation towards its cultural aspects by the modification of the knowledge relationship. The crossed methodology used 1) a qualitative inquiry interview on teachers about their ICT uses; 2) a survey questionnaire (N=220; all the student population enrolled at Nyala university in the language curriculum); 3) a comparative study on classroom pracTICs with(out) the ITC use (2/ 12 sequences duration; semester 5 level; 90 students). Results showed that the ITC use impacts the interaction dynamics and modifies the rapport to knowledge, opening perspective s for democrati zing and the area as well as renewing the professional and student pracTICs towards crosscultural perspectives
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Haag, Pascale. "L'un et le multiple : théorie du nombre dans la grammaire pāṇinéenne et ses relations avec le Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika". Paris 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA030052.
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Cette étude vise à analyser le traitement du nombre grammatical dans la tradition sanskrite paõinéenne et à replacer dans une perspective historique les spéculations qui s'y rattachent. Elle montre en particulier que les grammairiens indiens, tout en se réservant le droit de donner la prééminence à leur approche linguistique, ne se sont pas désintéressés des problèmes de logique liés à la catégorie du nombre. Afin de mieux appréhender le cadre dans lequel s'inscrit cette réflexion, la première partie de ce travail est consacrée à la théorie du nombre dans le Nyaya et le Vaiseùika ; elle comprend des traductions annotées des Vaiseùikasutra relatifs à cette catégorie (début de n. è. ?), du chapitre sur le nombre du Padarthadharmasai͏̈graha (VIe s. ?) et d'une section du Nyayabhuùaõa (Xe s. ?). La seconde partie, dévolue au nombre dans la grammaire paõinéenne, prend appui à titre principal sur le Vakyapadiya (VP) de Bhartçhari (Ve s. ?), et notamment sur le chapitre sur le nombre (VP 3. 11). .<br>The present work deals with the treatment of grammatical number in the Paõinian tradition of Sanskrit grammar and the historical development of the theory of number. It demonstrates in particular that, even if Indian Grammarians gave priority to their linguistic approach, logical problems related to the category of 'number' did not escape their attention. In order to furnish a better understanding of the context of this linguistic reflection, the first part is centred on the theory of number in Nyaya and Vaiseùika. It contains annotated translations of the Vaiseùikasutras (beginning of the Christian era) related to this category, of the section on number in the Padarthadharmasai͏̈graha (6th cent. ?), and of a passage of the Nyayabhuùaõa (10th cent. ?). The second part, devoted to the theory of number in Paõinian grammar, is focussed on Bhart. Rhari's Vakyapadiya (VP) (5th cent. ?), and especially on the chapter on 'number' (VP 3. 11). .
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Pfitzer, Silke. "Occurrence of tick-borne haemoparasites in nyala (Tragelaphus angasii) in KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/22952.
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A total of 143 blood samples of nyala (Tragelaphus angasii) from two regions in South Africa were tested for the presence of tick-borne haemoparasites by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse line blot (RLB) hybridisation. While most blood samples taken in EDTA blood turned out negative for the presence of haemoparasites, the majority of blood samples collected on Whatman® filter paper contained several different haemoparasites, often in combination. Samples from the Eastern Cape Province as well as from KwaZulu- Natal turned out positive. Prevalent haemoparasites were Theileria sp. (kudu), T. buffeli, T. bicornis, Theileria sp. (sable), T. taurotragi, Ehrlichia sp. Omatjenne, Anaplasma bovis and A. marginale. This serves as the first report of T. buffeli, T. sp. (kudu), T. bicornis, T. taurotragi, Ehrlichia sp. Omatjenne, A. marginale and A. bovis in nyala. Copyright<br>Dissertation (MSc (Veterinary Tropical Diseases))--University of Pretoria, 2009.<br>Veterinary Tropical Diseases<br>unrestricted
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Pfitzer, Silke. "Occurrence of tick-borne haemoparasites in nyala (Tragelaphus angasii) in KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2010. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03032010-141016/.
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SHIDA, Taisei. "THE THEORY OF TRUTH IN THE CLASSICAL NYĀYA SYSTEM: ON THE CONDITION OF PRAVṚTTI AND THE MEANS OF JUSTIFICATION". 名古屋大学大学院文学研究科インド文化学研究室 (Department of Indian Studies, Graduate School of Letters, Nagoya University), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/19255.
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Nyama, Dipontsheng Merriam. "The effect of literacy levels on parental involvement in selected primary schools in the Qwa Qwa region / Dipontsheng Merriam Nyama." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7258.
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Parents are considered to be important and indispensable stakeholders in education. Research shows that parental involvement in the education of their children is a crucial matter as it contributes directly to the learners’ academic achievement. This study intended to investigate the possible effects of parents’ literacy levels on their involvement in the education and the academic achievement of their children. Approached from a constructivist point of view, the study specifically focused on schools situated in the rural areas of the Qwa Qwa region. The rationale for choosing the particular geographical focus was that it is frequently argued that learners educated in rural environments often find themselves in disadvantaged situations since their parents are financially poor, that they lack proper formal education and thus have low literacy levels, and that they are seldom involved in their children’s education and academic achievement. In order to direct the study towards the intended purpose, a literature study was undertaken to explore the phenomena of literacy and parental involvement. Literacy, its occurrence in the South African context and how parents’ literacy levels relate to learner performance were examined. In addition, parental involvement was investigated by considering the parents’ role as primary educators and by highlighting the importance of parental involvement in terms of its benefits towards children’s education and academic performance. By means of a qualitative case study, individual and focus group interviews were conducted with purposeful selected Head of Departments (HODs), parents and learners from four conveniently selected intermediate schools in the Thabo Mofutsanyana District of the Qwa Qwa region. In total four HODs, 14 parent couples and 14 Grade 6 learners participated in the research. The results of this research show that the parents’ literacy levels indeed affect their involvement in their children’s education and academic achievement. Parents with low literacy levels appear that they want to be involved but that they find it difficult. Most parents with low literacy levels are not able to assist their children with schoolwork but depend on others, such as older siblings to assist. Furthermore the research reveals that parents do not often visit schools voluntarily but that they rather do so by invitation. However, relations between schools and parents appear to be healthy and the attitudes of parents towards their children’s education are positive. Although parents with low literacy levels cannot always assist their children with their schoolwork, they motivate and value the education of their children since they realize that education remains the vehicle for social-economic development in any society.<br>Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2011
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André, Emidio Raul. "Benthic nutrient cycling, the role of fish in nitrogen and phosphorus regeneration in the rocky littoral zone of Lake Malawi/Nyasa/Niassa, Africa." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0023/MQ51625.pdf.
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HIRANO, Katsunori. "BOOK REVIEW: John Vattanky, A System of Indian Logic: The Nyāya Theory of Inference, London: Routledge Curzon, 2003, xvii + 497 Pp. £70 (Hardback)." 名古屋大学大学院文学研究科インド文化学研究室 (Department of Indian Studies, Graduate School of Letters, Nagoya University), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/19260.
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Andr??, Emidio Raul. "Benthic nutrient cycling, the role of fish in nitrogen and phosphorus regeneration in the rocky littoral zone of Lake Malawi/Nyasa/Niassa, Africa." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Biblioth??que nationale du Canada, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/49.
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Waite, Renée B. "African Concepts of Energy and Their Manifestations Through Art." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1469715071.
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Ngatunga, Benjamin Peter. "A taxonomic revision of the shallow-water species of the genera Lethrinops, Tramitichromis and Taeniolethrinops (Teleostei, Cichlidae) from Lake Malawi/Nyasa/Niassa (East Africa)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007443.
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In order for the SADC/GEF Lake Malawi/Nyasa Biodiversity Conservation Project to draw out sound strategic management and conservation recommendations to the riparian countries of Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania, the need and urgency for revising the taxonomy of some of the scientifically and economically important fish groups was accorded high priority. This study is a contribution towards achieving those goals. It is a taxonomic revision of the shallow-water species of the genera Taenioiethrinops, Tramitichromis and Lethrinops. These three genera are grouped as Lethrinops 'sensu lato' in this thesis, corresponding to the definition of Lethrinops prior to the revision by Eccles & Trewavas (1989). All members have a characteristic dentition: the outer teeth in the lower jaw curve inwards posteriorly ending just behind the inner row(s), rather than continuing backwards as a single series, as in most other Malawian haplochromines. The decision to consider shallow-water Lethrinops 'sensu lato' separately from the deepwater ones was not arbitrary, but rather based on available ecological and morphological evidence. Unanticipatedly, on the course of this study, evidence from molecular genetics has helped to strengthen the distinction. Economically, Lethrinops is important for human food and for the aquarium trade. Lethrinops are precocial fish producing very few young at a time and are consequently unlikely to recover quickly from heavy fishing pressure. To evolutionary biologists, Lethrinops 'sensu lato' is challenging because until now most theories about the evolution of Lake Malawi cichlids have not taken the sand-dwelling fishes fully into consideration. A better knowledge of the distribution patterns of these cichlids, of which Lethrinops are the major representatives, can help in explaining the underlying mechanisms of speciation in sand-dwelling cichlids. Lethrinops 'sensu lato' is taxonomically one of the most complex groups of Lake MalawilNyasa haplochromines. The species are closely related and very difficult to differentiate, and the taxonomy is confused and in urgent need of revision. This is more important since taxonomy plays an important role in most of the key criteria of conservation.The principal objective of this study was to carry out a taxonomic revision of this group and to provide a key to the identification of the species. Further objectives include the mapping of their distribution and analysing their phylogenetic relationships. Large samples were collected (by trawling, gill netting, beach seining and purchased from local fishermen) from depths less than 20m and from numerous well-defined localities all around the lake. Seventeen type specimens of the 21 described species of the shallow-water Lethrinops 'sensu lato' were examined and compared with this recently collected material. The data of about 500 fish specimens were subjected to principal component analyses (PCA). To further evaluate morphological differences between taxa of comparable size, non- parametric, distribution-free Mann-Whitney U-tests were used. Within the shallow-water Lethrinops 'sensu lato' three genera are recognized which can be separated by characters such as head shape, pharyngeal morphology and dentition, number and shape of gill-rakers, number of the pectoral fin rays and melanin pattern. So far in this study, 28 taxa have been recognized. The overlapping measurements and meristics compound the difficulty inherent in the identification and classification of members of the three genera. The genera Tramitichromis and Taeniolethrinops are typically shallow- water taxa. Within the genus Taeniolethrinops four described species, (T. cyrtonotus, T.forcicauda, T. laticeps and T. praeorbitalis) were distinguished. Within the genus Tramitichromis nine species were distinguished, five of which are described (T. brevis, T. intermedius, T. lituris, T. trilineata and T. variabilis); four represent undescribed species and are given a working name (T. sp. 'brevis 2', T. sp. 'maculae', T. sp. 'pharyngeals' and T. sp. 'variabilis deep'). For convenience, the shallow water Lethrinops 'sensu stricto' were divided into three natural groups, according to shared morphological features. • The first group is the lethrinus group, including three species (L. lunaris, L. leptodon and L. lethrinus) with relatively lolong snouts and remnants of the horizontal stripes. • Another group included eight taxa (L. microstoma, L. macrophthalmus, L. macrochir, L. auritus, L. parvidens, L. sp. 'parvidens deep', L. 'black dorsal auritus', L. sp. 'domira blotch' and L. sp. 'turneri') with a relatively short snout and a small mouth set low on the profile. Within this group, special attention has been paid to the confusion involving L. auritus and a new species to be described soon, L. sp. 'turneri' . • The last group of Lethrinops 'sensu stricto' is ill defmed and has an intermediate snout and with a lesser round head. Within this group L. oculatus, which was described on the basis of a single specimen, is synonymised with L. marginatus. The other valid species of this group are Lethrinops albus and L.furcifer. Nearly all species seem to have a lake-wide distribution. All are associated with sandy substrata where they feed mainly on insect larvae and ostracods. Mitochondrial DNA sequence data indicate that Lethrinops 'sensu lato' as currently defmed is not monophyletic but is paraphyletic or more probably polyphyletic. It is further suggested that the typical Lethrinops dentition provides no particular strong evidence for affimity among shallow-water Lethrinops s.s., Tramitichromis and Taeniolethrinops. The need for management and conservation of this scientifically exciting group of fishes has been pointed out.
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Sjödin, Anna-Pya. "The Happening of Tradition : Vallabha on Anumāna in Nyāyalīlāvatī." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Linguistics and Philology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7417.
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<p>The present dissertation is a translation and analysis of the chapter on <i>anumāna</i> in Vallabha’s <i>Nyāyalīlāvatī,</i> based on certain theoretical considerations on cross-cultural translation and the understanding of tradition. Adopting a non-essentialized and non-historicist conceptualization of the Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika/Navya-nyāya tradition, the work focuses on a reading of the <i>anumāna</i> chapter that is particularized and individualized. It further argues for a plurality of interpretative stances within the academic field of Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika/Navya-nyāya studies, on the grounds that the dominant stance has narrowed the scope of research. With reference to post-colonial theory, this dominant stance is understood in terms of a certain strategy called “mimetic translation”.</p><p>The study of the <i>anumāna</i> chapter consists of three main interpretational sections: translation, comments, and analysis. The translation and comments focus on understanding issues internal to the <i>Nyāyalīlāvatī. </i>The analysis focuses on a contextual interpretation insofar as the text is understood through reading other texts within the Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika/Navya-nyāya discourse. The analysis is further grounded in a concept of intertextuality in that it identifies themes, examples, and arguments appearing in other texts within the discourse. The analysis also identifies and discusses Cārvāka and Mīmāṁsaka arguments within the <i>anumāna</i> chapter.</p><p>Two important themes are discerned in the interpretation of the <i>anumāna</i> chapter: first, a differentiation between the apprehension of <i>vyāpti</i> and the warranting of this relation so as to make the apprehension suitable for a process of knowledge; second, that the sequential arrangement of the subject matter of the sections within the chapter, <i>vyāptigraha</i>, <i>upādhi</i>, <i>tarka</i>, and <i>parāmar</i>śa, reflects the process of coming to inferential knowledge.</p><p>The present work is a contribution to the understanding of the post-Udayana and pre-Gaṅgeśa Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika/Navya-nyāya discourse on inferential knowledge and it is written in the hope of provoking more research on that particular period and discourse in the history of Indian philosophies.</p>
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Mkanda, Francis Xavier. "Farmers' survival strategies and soil erosion in the Lake Malawi/Niassa/Nyasa Basin : in the context of biodiversity conservation in the lake : the case of Linthipe River Catchment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ62658.pdf.
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Kachilonda, Dick Daffu Kachanga. "An investigation of local community contributions to the Malawi College of Fisheries curriculum: a case study focussing on the Chambo fishery." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004537.
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The aim of the study was to investigate local community contributions to the existing Malawi College of Fisheries curriculum with a focus on Chambo fishery. Chambo fish (Oreochromis species) is the most favoured fish in Lake Malawi. Chambo catches have declined over the years. Responding to the declining catches, the Fisheries Department is engaged in a number of management options to address the issues. Most of these management options are governed by scientific recommendations and do not consider the socio-economic situation of the people who are dependent on fishery. This approach to fishery has influenced the Malawi College of Fisheries curriculum. The existing curriculum is product-centred, developed by a consultant. During the development of the curriculum, there was little consultation with the lecturers and no consultation with the local communities who are using the resource. The fishing communities have been fishing for a long time and have acquired knowledge, skills and experience worth investigating for its potential role in improving the existing curriculum. Through the use of interviews, focus group discussions and workshops with local communities local knowledge was identified for inclusion into the curriculum. A review of the existing curriculum revealed that it has primarily technical focus, grounded in the protection, control and management of the fish stocks, while the local knowledge has a practical focus based on existing practices and requiring an understanding of the sources of the issues. There is also more emphasis on a historical perspective and the context in which fishing practices take place at the moment. It was evident from the study that local communities have much of knowledge, skills and experience gained over the years of fishing , and if properly utilised, it can improve the MCF curriculum. I therefore recommend in this study that the curriculum be reviewed in order to integrate and draw on the local knowledge through a deliberative and participatory process between the local communities and the government so that it addresses the needs of the local communities and improves the training of the extension workers.
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Dasti, Matthew Roe. "Rational belief in classical India : Nyaya's epistemology and defense of theism." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-05-757.
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Nyāya is the premier realist school of philosophy in classical India. It is also the home of a sophisticated epistemology and natural theology. This dissertation presents a distinctive interpretation of Nyāya’s epistemology and considers how it may be developed in response to various classical and contemporary challenges. I argue that it is best understood as a type of reliabilism, provided relevant qualifications. Moreover, I show that a number of apparently distinct features of Nyāya’s approach to knowledge tightly cohere when seen as components of a thoroughgoing epistemological disjunctivism. I defend Nyāya epistemology as a viable contemporary option, illustrating how it avoids problems faced by generic reliabilism. In the second portion of the dissertation, I examine the way in which Nyāya’s knowledge sources (perception, inference, and testimony) are deployed in support of a theistic metaphysics, highlighting Nyāya’s principled extension of its views of knowledge acquisition. In an appendix, I provide a full translation and commentary on an argument for God’s existence by Vācaspati Miśra (a 10th century philosopher who is unique in having shaped several distinct schools), found in his commentary on Nyāya-sūtra 4.1.21.<br>text
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Patil, Parimal G. "Necessity, naming, and the existence of Īśvara /." 2001. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3029525.
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Kenneth, Agnes Neema. "Mediating the Lake Nyasa border dispute between Tanzania and Malawi." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/22231.
Full textAbstract:
A Research Report Submitted to the School of Social Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the International Relations, 2016.<br>The study seeks to examine and provide an understanding of the processes of mediation of a border dispute on Lake Nyasa between Tanzania and Malawi. Border disputes in Africa are sometimes difficult to resolve peacefully and in a sustainable manner. The outcome of adjudication on border issues is normally not predictable, and in most cases, political leaders are not willing to accept the risks of losing their territory. Mediation, which is non-binding arbitration, provides a more flexible and balanced way to reach a satisfactory outcome, but the final results of mediated settlements sometimes makes politicians uncomfortable.
This research sketches a conceptual framework of mediation by examining the Lake Nyasa dispute between Tanzania and Malawi. Most of the literature on border conflicts does not adequately address the attempts by African institutions to resolve these conflicts. This research uses the contingency theory to examine the roles of mediators and their impacts in attempting to resolve the dispute.
The research finds that border disputes often flare-up when they are connected to important economic or social interests such as valuable mineral reserves, oil and gas, water source, and access to the sea. The findings reveal that the discovery of oil and gas deposits on Lake Nyasa led to the resurgence of claims and counter-claims between Malawi and Tanzania. In turn, these countries asked the African Forum to mediate the border dispute.
In addition to analysis of the mediation role of the African Forum in this conflict, the report also examines the obstacles that have contributed to the stalemate in these efforts. The research recommends that for the mediation to be successful, the mediators should strive to understand and get knowledge about the source and basis of the dispute; knowledge on internal and external context of the disputants; level of resources-human and material at their disposal and the use the correct strategy to influence the parties in dispute. Also the countries in dispute may consider involving other local and regional mediators, neutral groups, Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) and the International Court of Justice (ICJ).<br>MT2017
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Chauhan, Atipriya. "Madhyapranth mein nyaay prashasan ke vikas ka alochanaathmak adhyayan (1861-1900)." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/3306.
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Oliveira, Pegado Antonio Jose Salom?ao de. "The distribution of cloud cover over Lake Malawi/Niassa/Nyasa and its watershed." 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/2311.
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This study addresses four aspects of cloud cover over Lake Malawi and its watershed, and it is a contribution to the Management Strategy for the long-term conservation of the biodiversity of Lake Malawi as it involves production of maps showing variations of the appropriate parameter under study. The first aspect of this study refers to the temporal variation of cloud cover, the second to the spatial distribution, and the third to the frequency of low, middle and high clouds. The last aspect refers to the variation of solar radiation with cloud cover. Diurnal variation of cloud cover was evaluated with ground observations. Seasonal variation was derived from NOAA-14 AVHRR daytime imagery. Diurnally, cloud cover decreases over the lake while it increases over the watershed. Both the lake and the watershed presented a longitudinal gradient of cloud cover. Low clouds and middle clouds are frequent all year. Correlation between cloud cover and solar radiation was made for two months, July and January. (Abstractshortened by UMI.)
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Oliveira, Pegado Antonio Jose Salomao de. "The distribution of cloud cover over Lake Malawi/Niassa/Nyasa and its watershed." 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/2311.
Full textAbstract:
This study addresses four aspects of cloud cover over Lake Malawi and its watershed, and it is a contribution to the Management Strategy for the long-term conservation of the biodiversity of Lake Malawi as it involves production of maps showing variations of the appropriate parameter under study. The first aspect of this study refers to the temporal variation of cloud cover, the second to the spatial distribution, and the third to the frequency of low, middle and high clouds. The last aspect refers to the variation of solar radiation with cloud cover. Diurnal variation of cloud cover was evaluated with ground observations. Seasonal variation was derived from NOAA-14 AVHRR daytime imagery. Diurnally, cloud cover decreases over the lake while it increases over the watershed. Both the lake and the watershed presented a longitudinal gradient of cloud cover. Low clouds and middle clouds are frequent all year. Correlation between cloud cover and solar radiation was made for two months, July and January. (Abstractshortened by UMI.)