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Journal articles on the topic 'Nylon fibres'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

YANG, YANG, YU XIN, WANG XUNGA, LIU XIN, and ZHANG PEIHUA. "Thermal comfort properties of cool-touch nylon and common nylon knitted fabrics with different fibre fineness and cross-section." Industria Textila 72, no. 02 (April 22, 2021): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.072.02.20209.

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Cool-touch nylon multi-filament yarns with good heat transfer performance are widely used in the development of knitted fabrics for summer and sports clothing. However, the physical properties of cool-touch nylon fibres, and the effect of fineness and cross-section on comfort-related properties of their knitted fabrics are still not well understood. In this study, the physical properties of cool-touch nylon fibres and common nylon fibres, and comfort properties of knitted fabrics from both fibre types were measured and compared. It was found that cool-touch nylon fibres have better moisture absorption, but slightly lower crystallinity than common nylon fibres. Regarding the fibre fineness and cross-section of cool-touch nylon and common nylon, knitted fabrics showed a similar dependence on thermal comfort properties. Cool-touch nylon fabrics had increased wicking capacity, thermal transfer, and cooling properties, but poorer drying performance and moisture permeability compared to common nylon fabrics. It was concluded that using nylon multi-filament yarns made up of finer filaments and cool touch filaments is an effective way to develop thermal-wet comfort knitted fabrics for summer and sports clothing applications.

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2

Morales-Luckie, Raúl A., Víctor Sánchez-Mendieta, Oscar Olea-Mejia, Alfredo R. Vilchis-Nestor, Gustavo López-Téllez, Víctor Varela-Guerrero, L. Huerta, and Jesús Arenas-Alatorre. "Facile Solventless Synthesis of a Nylon-6,6/Silver Nanoparticles Composite and Its XPS Study." International Journal of Polymer Science 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/235850.

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Silver nanoparticles were synthesized and supported on thin nylon membranes by means of a simple method of impregnation and chemical reduction of Ag ions at ambient conditions. Particles of less than 10 nm were obtained using this methodology, in which the nylon fibers behave as constrained nanoreactors. Pores on nylon fibres along with oxygen and nitrogen from amide moieties in nylon provide effective sites forin situreduction of silver ions and for the formation and stabilization of Ag nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed that silver nanoparticles are well dispersed throughout the nylon fibers. Furthermore, an interaction between nitrogen of amides moieties of nylon-6,6 and silver nanoparticles has been found by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

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3

Cooke, Theodore F., and Hans-Dietrich Weigmann. "Stain blockers for nylon fibres." Review of Progress in Coloration and Related Topics 20, no. 1 (October 23, 2008): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1990.tb00069.x.

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4

Dawelbeit, Ahmed, and Muhuo Yu. "Transient Confinement of the Quaternary Tetramethylammonium Tetrafluoroborate Salt in Nylon 6,6 Fibres: Structural Developments for High Performance Properties." Materials 14, no. 11 (May 29, 2021): 2938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14112938.

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A temporary confinement of the quaternary tetramethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TMA BF4) salt among polyamide molecules has been used for the preparation of aliphatic polyamide nylon 6,6 fibres with high-modulus and high-strength properties. In this method, the suppression or the weakening of the hydrogen bonds between the nylon 6,6 segments has been applied during the conventional low-speed melt spinning process. Thereafter, after the complete hot-drawing stage, the quaternary ammonium salt is fully extracted from the drawn 3 wt.% salt-confined fibres and the nascent fibres are, subsequently, thermally stabilized. The structural developments that are acquired in the confined-nylon 6,6 fibres are ascribed to the developments of the overall fibres’ properties due to the confinement process. Surprisingly, unlike the neat nylon 6,6 fibres, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the as-spun salt-confined fibres have shown diminishing of the (110)/(010) diffraction plane that obtained pseudohexagonal-like β’ structural phase. Moreover, the β’ pseudohexagonal-like to α triclinic phase transitions took-place due to the hot-drawing stage (draw-induced phase transitions). Interestingly, the hot-drawing of the as-spun salt-confined nylon 6,6 fibres achieved the same maximum draw ratio of 5.5 at all of the drawing temperatures of 120, 140 and 160 °C. The developments that happened produced the improved values of 43.32 cN/dtex for the tensile-modulus and 6.99 cN/dtex for the tensile-strength of the reverted fibres. The influences of the TMA BF4 salt on the structural developments of the crystal orientations, on the morphological structures and on the improvements of the tensile properties of the nylon 6,6 fibres have been intensively studied.

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5

Klein, N., and G. Marom. "Surface Induced Crystallization in Fibre Reinforced Nylon 6,6 Composites." Advanced Composites Letters 1, no. 4 (July 1992): 096369359200100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369359200100401.

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The present study deals with the growth of transcrystalline layer in Nylon 6,6 reinforced with HM pitch based carbon or aramid fibres. The kinetics of transcrystalline growth is investigated quantitatively. The surface energy parameters that are derived here, can be used to define a better criterion for the nucleation of transcrystallinity from the fibre surface. The free energy difference function, Δσ, as it appears in the classical theory of heterogeneous nucleation is calculated for both aramid and HM carbon fibres.

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6

Islam, Ashadul, Aojoy Kumar Shuvo, Showaib Ahmed Chowdhury, Shayla Sharmin, and Mehedi Hasan. "A Comparative Study on the Properties of Natural, Synthetic and Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete." Journal of Civil Engineering and Construction 10, no. 4 (November 15, 2021): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32732/jcec.2021.10.4.216.

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The use of fibers in concrete at relatively low volume fraction has been gaining rising popularity among researchers for the recent years due to its availability, ability to enhance overall performance and cost effectiveness. Fibers are mainly classified according to their origin. Numerous researches have been carried out with natural and artificial fibers separately to elucidate its effect on the various parameters of concrete. However, a little finding is available about the comparative study among these three distinct types of fibers affecting concrete properties. In this study coconut coir, nylon thread and low-cost galvanized iron wire have been selected as natural, synthetic and steel fibers respectively. Coconut coir and nylon thread were mixed at three different percentage of 1.5%, 2.5% and 3.5% respectively by weight of cement. Steel fibre contents 1.5%, 2.5% and 3.5% respectively by weight of concrete. The results were obtained through an experimental investigation that shows the influence of natural, synthetic and steel fibers on rheological and mechanical properties of concrete. Optimum fibre content was 2.5% where steel fibre shows a maximum 17% and 30% rise in compressive and flexure strength respectively. On the other hand, fibres play a great role with its combining effect on the post cracking ductility and energy absorption of concrete.

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7

King, Steve. "SANS from Surfactant-Treated Nylon Fibres." Fibre Diffraction Review 12, no. 12 (2004): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1382/s20041241.

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8

Marmo, L., and D. Cavallero. "Minimum ignition energy of nylon fibres." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 21, no. 5 (September 2008): 512–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2008.04.003.

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9

Akbari Motlagh, Ali, and Ebrahim Mirzaei. "Effect of using Fibre on the Durability of Asphalt Pavement." Civil Engineering Journal 2, no. 2 (February 1, 2016): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2016-00000013.

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Using the fibre additives with a uniform distribution in asphaltic concrete mixture is a well-known technique for improving the mechanical properties and durability of asphalt pavement. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of preparing fibre and production of the properties of bitumen and asphalt concrete mixture. In this study, a dense-graded aggregation, mineral fibres (asbestos) and synthetic fibres (polyester and nylon) were used. Laboratory studies were done by comparing different rheological properties, mechanical and moisture susceptibility of mixtures of fibres. Results of the penetration and softening point on mixtures of bitumen – fibre show that fibres improve the mixed rheological properties and stiffening effect of fibre properties. The results of Marshall Tests indicate that adding fibres reduces the strength in Marshall and results in the slight increase in the percentage of optimum bitumen content and asphalt percentage of air voids in comparison with typical fibre. The results of the indirect tensile tests showed that the addition of fibres, depending on the percentage of fibres significantly improves the durability of the mixture.

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10

Baouab, Mohamed Hassen V., Mohamed Khalfaoui, Aghleb Bartegi, and Robert Gauthier. "Immobilization of Residual Basic Dyes onto Polyamide Ion-Exchanger Materials." Adsorption Science & Technology 23, no. 7 (September 2005): 555–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/026361705775212439.

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This paper reports the preparation of methacrylic acid-grafted nylon (MAA—nylon) by treating nylon-6,6 fibres with methacrylic acid (MAA) and the use of this modified polyamide as an ion-exchanger for the immobilization of pollutant basic dyes. The grafting of MAA onto nylon-6,6 was demonstrated both by weight uptake and atomic force microscopy. The exchange capacity of MAA—nylon was evaluated by potentiometric titration of the acidic groups. Five MAA—nylon fibres with different degrees of grafting (20–80%) were tested for the adsorption of two basic dyes, viz. Basic Blue 3 and Basic Red 24. Such adsorption was monitored by visible spectroscopy. The adsorption capacity was found to depend on the degree of grafting and on the temperature. The experimental data were fitted using the Langmuir and Freundlich models. However, an improved fit could be obtained by using the Jossens model.

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11

Abraham, Thomas N., and K. E. George. "Recyclable Nylon Reinforced HDPE Composites: Effect of the Fibre Diameter." Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology 23, no. 3 (August 2007): 153–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147776060702300301.

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A commercial grade of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced with nylon 6 fibres of three diameters at levels up to 30 wt% HDPE. The addition of the fibres resulted in improvements in mechanical properties such as tensile strength and flexural strength. Fibres having the least diameter gave the maximum improvement in mechanical properties. Attempts were made to improve the interfacial adhesion between the fibres and the matrix by grafting the matrix with maleic anhydride and also with styrene maleic anhydride. The mechanical properties showed significant improvements as a result of these modifications. The HDPE/nylon composites/blends obtained by recycling the composites also show good mechanical properties.

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12

King, Stephen M., and David G. Bucknall. "Microstructural characterisation of surfactant treated nylon fibres." Polymer 46, no. 25 (November 2005): 11424–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2005.09.064.

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13

SHORE, J. "Aftertreatment of Anionic Dyes on Nylon Fibres." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 87, no. 1 (October 22, 2008): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1971.tb02968.x.

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14

SHORE, J. "Aftertreatment of Anionic Dyes on Nylon Fibres." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 87, no. 2 (October 22, 2008): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1971.tb02999.x.

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15

Kim, Min-Jun, Bum-Sik Lee, Hyeong-Gook Kim, Sang-Woo Kim, and Kil-Hee Kim. "Crack Properties of Press Concrete for Varying Types of Fibre Reinforcement." Advanced Composites Letters 26, no. 3 (May 2017): 096369351702600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369351702600302.

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This study evaluates the crack control capacity of press concrete with fibre reinforcement used in underground parking lot. The primary test variable is the types of fibre reinforcement. The mock-up specimens are targeted at the floor of an underground parking lot in subjective to a frequent traffic load, and designed to be 4,000mm long and 3,250 mm wide. Cellulose and nylon fibres are used as fibre reinforcement. The test results showed that the fibre reinforcement used in the study effectively controlled the cracks of specimens due to the increased split tensile strength of specimens and the enhanced adhesion performance between fibres and cement mortar.

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16

Pakravan, H. R., M. Jamshidi, M. Latifi, and F. Pacheco-Torgal. "Cementitious Composites Reinforced with Polypropylene, Nylon and Polyacrylonitile Fibres." Materials Science Forum 730-732 (November 2012): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.730-732.271.

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This paper compares the adhesion strength between three polymeric fibres (polypropylene (PP), nylon66 (N66) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN)) embedded in a cement paste. The specimens were prepared at a water to cement ratio (w/c) of 0.5 and tested after 7, 14 and 28 curing days. It was found that although the adhesion between the polymeric fibres to the cement matrix is an important factor, the energy absorption capacity or energy dissipation ability of the fibres, plays a more important role in the improvement of the cementitious composites fracture toughness. Scanning electron micrographs were used to characterize the fibres surface before and after the Pull-out tests.

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17

Salahuddin, Bidita, Rahim Mutlu, Tajwar A. Baigh, Mohammed N. Alghamdi, and Shazed Aziz. "Self-Reinforced Nylon 6 Composite for Smart Vibration Damping." Polymers 13, no. 8 (April 11, 2021): 1235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13081235.

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Passive vibration control using polymer composites has been extensively investigated by the engineering community. In this paper, a new kind of vibration dampening polymer composite was developed where oriented nylon 6 fibres were used as the reinforcement, and 3D printed unoriented nylon 6 was used as the matrix material. The shape of the reinforcing fibres was modified to a coiled structure which transformed the fibres into a smart thermoresponsive actuator. This novel self-reinforced composite was of high mechanical robustness and its efficacy was demonstrated as an active dampening system for oscillatory vibration of a heated vibrating system. The blocking force generated within the reinforcing coiled actuator was responsible for dissipating vibration energy and increase the magnitude of the damping factor compared to samples made of non-reinforced nylon 6. Further study shows that the appropriate annealing of coiled actuators provides an enhanced dampening capability to the composite structure. The extent of crystallinity of the reinforcing actuators is found to directly influence the vibration dampening capacity.

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18

Lukasenoks, Arturs, Rolands Cepuritis, and Andrejs Krasnikovs. "Effect of the Fibre Type on the Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Cementitious Composites for Thin Overlays." Key Engineering Materials 762 (February 2018): 362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.762.362.

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Polypropylene (PP), nylon and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) micro-fibres with different geometries were used at 1 vol. % dosage to investigate rheological and mechanical properties of cementitious composites to be used for thin overlays. Slump-flow and visual stability index methods were used to characterise the rheological properties. Single crack tension and bending studies were carried out to evaluate the tensile and bending strength, as well as the post-cracking behaviour. The results show that fibre geometry (L/d ratio and specific surface area) has a pronounced influence on the fresh state rheological properties of the cementitious composites. The results also surprisingly indicated that the nylon fibres are able to significantly increase the pre-cracking tensile and bending strength. All tested composites showed tensile strain softening and insignificant deflection hardening after cracking and a major strength loss. The results indicate single crack tension method to be the most appropriate for evaluation of mechanical properties of cementitious composites used for thin overlays.

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19

Pang, Jody W. C., Ben M. Lamin, and Kevin S. Fancey. "Force measurement from viscoelastically recovering Nylon 6,6 fibres." Materials Letters 62, no. 10-11 (April 2008): 1693–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2007.09.061.

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20

Chen, Joyce X., and Jacob H. Masliyah. "Fractionation of nylon fibres using a vertical settler." Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 78, no. 1 (February 2000): 194–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjce.5450780125.

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21

Stolz, René, Thomas Vad, Gunnar Seide, Thomas Gries, Kai Klopp, and Klaus Bender. "Nylon 6-Nanocomposite Fibres with Improved Abrasion Resistance." Tekstilec 59, no. 2 (May 27, 2016): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14502/tekstilec2016.59.137-141.

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22

Michielsen, S. "The fracture toughness of single nylon 6,6 fibres." Journal of Materials Science Letters 11, no. 14 (1992): 982–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00729900.

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23

Tsang, K. Y., D. L. DuQuesnay, and P. J. Bates. "Fatigue properties of vibration-welded nylon 6 and nylon 66 reinforced with glass fibres." Composites Part B: Engineering 39, no. 2 (March 2008): 396–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2007.01.012.

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24

Hamza, A. A., I. M. Fouda, K. A. El-Farahaty, and E. A. Seisa. "Opto-mechanical properties of fibres—1: Optical Anisotropy in stretched nylon 6 fibres." Polymer Testing 10, no. 2 (1991): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-9418(91)90002-f.

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25

Ku, H. S., B. Widjaya, K. F. Lee, and C. W. Li. "THERMAL ANALYSIS OF JOINING NYLON 66 COMPOSITES USING MICROWAVE IRRADIATIONS." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 27, no. 3 (June 2003): 259–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2003-0014.

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Industrial microwave technology for processing polymers and polymer-based composites is currently in a state of considerable flux. Ku et al. used the equipment used in his previous study to join random glass or carbon fibres reinforced thermoplastic composites (Ku et al., 1997a; 1997b; 1999, 2002b)). The material used for the research is 33% by weight random glass fibre reinforced Nylon 66 [Nylon 66/GF (33%)] using Araldite as primer. The heat absorbed and heat flow in the sample materials are studied. The temperatures at different points of the samples are also measured using infrared thermometer. The effect of power input and cycle time on the temperature distribution in the test piece are detailed together with the underlying principles of sample material interactions with electromagnetic field.

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26

Finefrock, Scott W., Xiaoqin Zhu, Yanming Sun, and Yue Wu. "Flexible prototype thermoelectric devices based on Ag2Te and PEDOT:PSS coated nylon fibre." Nanoscale 7, no. 13 (2015): 5598–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nr00058k.

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27

Burkinshaw, S. M., Young-A. Son, and M. J. Bide. "The aftertreatment of acid dyes on nylon 6,6 fibres." Dyes and Pigments 48, no. 3 (March 2001): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0143-7208(00)00106-6.

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28

Derbyshire, A. N., E. D. Harvey, and D. Parr. "Solvent-assisted Dyeing of Nylon 6.6 and Polyester Fibres." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 91, no. 4 (October 22, 2008): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1975.tb03236.x.

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29

Pilyugin, V. V., D. A. Kritskaya, and A. N. Ponomarev. "Heats of sorption of acrylonitrile into 6-nylon fibres." Polymer Science U.S.S.R. 29, no. 2 (January 1987): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3950(87)90332-7.

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30

Zafeiropoulos, N. E., C. A. Baillie, and F. L. Matthews. "A Study of the Effect of Surface Treatments on the Thermal Stability of Flax Fibres." Advanced Composites Letters 9, no. 4 (July 2000): 096369350000900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369350000900405.

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There is an increasing interest in using natural fibres as reinforcing agents in composites. These fibres are considered to be a potential candidate to replace glass fibres in certain applications of composites. They have a number of advantages over glass fibres such as lower cost, lower density, non toxicity, re cycle ability and they are easier to process. However, natural fibres are not heat resistant like glass fibres and therefore they cannot be used with all polymer matrices. Furthermore, natural fibres are hydrophilic materials that do not adhere very well with most polymer matrices that are hydrophobic. Surface treatments are usually employed to improve adhesion in natural fibre composites. Nevertheless, the effect of these treatments upon the thermal stability of natural fibres has not been addressed sufficiently. In this letter seven grades of flax fibres were studied recently to determine their thermal stability profiles for potential use as reinforcements in composite materials. The results indicate that treated flax performs better than untreated flax. Acetylation and stearic acid treatments were found to increase the thermal stability of flax. Duralin flax was found to be sufficiently heat resistant to be usable with thermoplastics such as nylon 6, where the processing temperature is higher than it is for polyolefin matrices.

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31

Hurren, Christopher, Qing Li, and Xun Gai Wang. "The Impact of Textile Wet Colouration on the Environment in 2011." Advanced Materials Research 441 (January 2012): 540–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.441.540.

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Wet textile colouration has the highest environmental impact of all textile processing steps. It consumes water, chemicals and energy and produces liquid, heat and gas waste streams. Liquid effluent streams are often quite toxic to the environment. There are a number of different dyeing processes, normally fibre type specific, and each has a different impact on the environment. This research investigated the energy, chemical and water requirements for the exhaust colouration of cotton, wool, polyester and nylon. The research investigated the liquid waste biological oxygen demand, total organic carbon dissolved solids, suspended solids, pH and colour along with the energy required for drying after colouration. Polyester fibres had the lowest impact on the environment with low water and energy consumption in dyeing, good dye bath exhaustion, the lowest dissolved solids levels in waste water, relatively neutral pH effluent and low energy in drying. The wool and nylon had similar dyebath requirements and outputs however the nylon could be dyed at far lower liquor ratios and hence provided better energy and water use figures. Cotton performed badly in all of the measured parameters.

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32

Abraham, Thomas N., K. E. George, and Ton Peijs. "Recyclable PP/Polyamide Composite." Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology 21, no. 1 (February 2005): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147776060502100105.

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A commercial grade of polypropylene matrix reinforced with waste polyamide (nylon 6) fibres of two diameters at levels up to 40wt% (100 polypropylene + 40 polyamide) was studied. Smaller diameter fibres showed better mechanical properties than larger diameter ones. Attempts were made to improve the interfacial adhesion between the fibres and the matrix by grafting with maleic anhydride and with also styrene maleic anhydride. The mechanical properties showed significant improvements as a result of these modifications. Thermal stability was also marginally improved. These composites could be easily recycled by processing them above the melting point of the reinforcing fibres.

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33

Grieve, M. C. "New man-made fibres under the microscope – Lyocell fibres and Nylon 6 block co-polymers." Science & Justice 36, no. 2 (April 1996): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1355-0306(96)72568-6.

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34

Penning, J. P., J. van Ruiten, R. Brouwer, and W. Gabriëlse. "Orientation and structure development in melt-spun Nylon-6 fibres." Polymer 44, no. 19 (September 2003): 5869–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00535-4.

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35

Liu, Zhenguo, Weixiao Cao, Yanhui Sun, Aaron C. L. Su, and Charles L. Liotta. "Synthesis of polycondensable anthraquinone dyes and coloured nylon fibres: II." Polymer International 44, no. 2 (October 1997): 134–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0126(199710)44:2<134::aid-pi809>3.0.co;2-w.

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36

Liu, Zhenguo, Weixiao Cao, Yanhui Sun, Aaron C. L. Su, and Charles L. Liotta. "Synthesis of polycondensable anthraquinone dyes and coloured nylon fibres: III." Polymer International 44, no. 4 (December 1997): 461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0126(199712)44:4<461::aid-pi849>3.0.co;2-b.

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37

Blacker, J. G., and D. PATTERSON. "Molecular Mechanisms of Disperse Dyeing of Polyester and Nylon Fibres." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 85, no. 12 (October 22, 2008): 598–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1969.tb02866.x.

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38

BLACKBURN, S., and T. L. DAWSON. "Constant-temperature Dyeing Process for Nylon Fibres II-Practical Considerations." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 87, no. 12 (October 22, 2008): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1971.tb02991.x.

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39

Kabeel, M. A., and A. I. El-Shafee. "Spectral dispersion of refractive index of drawn nylon 66 fibres." Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics 2, no. 5 (August 2, 2000): 476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1464-4258/2/5/321.

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40

Hong, Po-Da, and Keizo Miyasaka. "WAXD meridional amorphous scattering of α-form nylon-6 fibres." Polymer 33, no. 18 (September 1992): 3828–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(92)90369-8.

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41

Atav, Rıza, Muhammed Fatih Yüksel, and İsmail Yakin. "Reducing Steaming Times in the Printing of Nylon/Elastane Blend Fabrics via Chemical Modification." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 29, no. 1(145) (February 28, 2021): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.5050.

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Nylon fibres are commonly used in blends with elastane. One of the problems encountered in the printing of nylon/elastane blend fabrics is the necessity of long steaming times for fixation, which causes an increase in energy consumption. In this study, the possibility of printing polyamide fabrics with 1:2 metal complex dyes for short steaming times was investigated. For this aim, laboratory and sample scale trials were performed to develop a method of chemically modifying fibres so that polyamide fabrics can be printed in short steaming times. Based on the results obtained in both trials, it was noticed that the steaming time for fixation could be reduced from 30 minutes to 15 minutes by printing with 1:2 metal complex dyes without causing a loss of printing yield and without affecting the fastness adversly in case of applying cationisation pretreatment with a modified quaternary polyalkylamine compound based product.

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42

Patel, Vijay, Manish P. Patel, and Ranjan Patel. "Disperse dyes based on 2-methyl-3-[3’-amino-phthalimido]-4(3H)-quinazilinone." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 67, no. 11 (2002): 719–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0211719p.

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A series of new heterocyclic disperse dyes has been prepared by subsequent diazotization of 2-methyl-3-[3?-aminophthalimido]-4(3H)-quinazolinone and coupling with various mono- and di-N-substituted derivatives of aniline. All the disperse dyes were characterized by their percentage yield, melting point, UV-visible spectrum, elemental analysis, infrared spectrum and dyeing performance on nylon 66 and polyester fibres. The percentage dye bath exhaustion on different fibres was found to be reasonably good and acceptable. The dyed fibres showed fair to fairly good to good fastness to light and very good to excellent fastness to washing, rubbing, perspiration and sublimation.

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43

Patel, Vijay, Manish Patel, and Ranjan Patel. "Synthesis and application of novel heterocyclic dyes based on 11-amino-13H-acenaphtho[1,2-e]pyridazino[3,2-b]-quinazoline-13-one." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 67, no. 11 (2002): 727–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0211727p.

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A new fused heterocyclic compound, 11-amino-13H-acenaphtho[1,2-e]pyridazino [3,2-b]quinazolin-13-one was synthesized and used to prepare a novel series of heterocyclic mono azo dyes by coupling with various naphthols. All the mono azo dyes were characterized by their melting point, elemental analysis, UV-visible spectrum, infrared spectrum and dyeing performance on nylon and polyester fibres. The percentage dye bath exhaustion on different fibres was found to be reasonably good and acceptable. The dyed fibres show fair to good fastness to light and very good to excellent fastness to washing, rubbing, perspiration and sublimation.

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44

Rajesh, C., K. C. Manoj, G. Unnikrishnan, and E. Purushothaman. "Investigation on Ageing Characteristics of Short Nylon-6 Fibre Reinforced NBR Composites." Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology 24, no. 4 (November 2008): 239–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147776060802400402.

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The ageing characteristics of nylon 6 fibre reinforced NBR composites have been analysed by exposing them to degrading agents such as heat and gamma (γ) radiation. The effects of fibre loading, curing systems and bonding agents on the retention of tensile properties of the composite samples which were exposed to these degrading agents have been studied. The addition of fibres improves the ageing resistance of NBR. The DCP cured composites exhibit a reduction in their ability to retain the elastic modulus as the thermal ageing period increases from 7 to 14 days, whereas sulfur cured composites show a reverse trend. The efficiency for the retention of modulus of sulfur cured samples increases as the dosage of γ-radiation increases from 5 to 10 Mrad whereas a higher dose of 15 Mrad lowers it. However, the DCP cured samples show a continuous reduction in their ability to retain modulus. The composite system containing hexa-resorcinol as the bonding agent has better resistance to heat and γ-radiation than the unbonded one.

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45

Elliott, R., B. W. Norton, and C. W. Ford. "In vivocolonization of grass cell walls by rumen micro-organisms." Journal of Agricultural Science 105, no. 2 (October 1985): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600056343.

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SUMMARYCell wall preparations from stems of four mature grass species, pangola grass, setaria, sugar cane and barley straw were incubated in nylon bags in sheep fitted with rumen cannulae and fed chopped pangola grass at hourly intervals. After varying incubation times D.M. loss, and incorporation of35S into microbial cystine on the fibres, were measured. Pangola and barley straw were digested to a much greater extent (ca.48 and 44%) than sugar cane and setaria (ca.29 and 23% respectively) and digestion was still continuing after 60 h. With the exception of setaria, microbial colonization of the cell wall preparations peaked after 24 h incubation and then declined. In setaria only a small amount of [35S]cystine was measured, the level of which did not change appreciably after 18 h.After 24 h incubation, microbial colonization on pangola fibre was about three times that on barley straw and sugar cane. Only on pangola fibre did cystine accumulation, and its subsequent rapid decline, coincide with the development and detachment of fungal sporangia. There was no relationship between the extent of microbial colonization and D.M. loss from the fibres. Sulphur concentrations, both in the plant fibres and rumen fluid, could not explain the greater fungal growth on the pangola cell walls in preference to the other species.

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46

Sabban, L., A. Cohen, and R. van Hout. "Temporally resolved measurements of heavy, rigid fibre translation and rotation in nearly homogeneous isotropic turbulence." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 814 (February 2, 2017): 42–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.12.

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A two orthogonal view, holographic cinematography system (volume of$17\times 17\times 17~\text{mm}^{3}$) was used to measure three-dimensional fibre translational velocities, orientations and rotation rates in near homogeneous isotropic air turbulence (HIT). Flow characteristics were determined from temporally resolved particle image velocimetry measurements. Two sets of rigid, nylon fibres having the same nominal length (0.5 mm) but different diameters (13.7 and$19.1~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$), were released in near HIT at a Taylor microscale Reynolds number of$Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}\approx 130$and tracked at more than five times the Kolmogorov frequency. The ratio of fibre length to the Kolmogorov length scale was 2.8 and the two sets were characterized by Stokes numbers of 1.35 and 2.44, respectively. As a result of increased inertia, the probability density functions (PDFs) of the fluctuating fibre translational velocities were narrower than the ones of the air and the fibre velocity autocorrelations decreased at a decreasing rate. While fibre orientations in the cameras’ frame of reference were random as a result of the strong turbulence, it was shown that fibres align with the flow to minimize drag. PDFs of the fibre rotation rates indicated the occurrence of extreme rotation rate events. Furthermore, increasing inertia lowered the normalized, mean squared fibre rotation rates in comparison to results obtained for neutrally buoyant fibres having the same aspect ratio and including the effect of preferential alignment. The present results compare well to direct numerical simulations including the effect of fibre inertia.

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47

Park, S. K., B. W. Jo, J. H. Park, and J. S. Choi. "Fracture behaviour of polymer concrete reinforced with carbon and nylon fibres." Advances in Cement Research 22, no. 1 (January 2010): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/adcr.2008.22.1.45.

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48

Jayalatha, G., and Sunil K. N. Kutty. "Effect of short nylon-6 fibres on natural rubber-toughened polystyrene." Materials & Design 43 (January 2013): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.05.020.

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Suzuki, Akihiro, Hideo Murata, and Toshio Kunugi. "Application of a high-tension annealing method to nylon 66 fibres." Polymer 39, no. 6-7 (January 1998): 1351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(97)00430-8.

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50

Suzuki, Akihiro, Yu Chen, and Toshio Kunugi. "Application of a continuous zone-drawing method to nylon 66 fibres." Polymer 39, no. 22 (October 1998): 5335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(97)10233-6.

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