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Journal articles on the topic 'O-carboxymethyl chitosan'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Jaidee, A., Pornchai Rachtanapun, and S. Luangkamin. "¹H-NMR Analysis of Degree of Substitution in N,O-Carboxymethyl Chitosans from Various Chitosan Sources and Types." Advanced Materials Research 506 (April 2012): 158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.506.158.

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N,O-Carboxymethyl chitosans were synthesized by the reaction between shrimp, crab and squid chitosans with monochloroacetic acid under basic conditions at 50°C. The mole ratio of reactants was obtained from various reaction conditions of shrimp chitosan polymer and oligomer types. The mole ratio 1:12:6 of chitosan:sodium hydroxide:monochloroacetic acid was used for preparing carboxymethyl of chitosan polymer types while carboxymethyl of chitosan oligomer types were used the mole ratio 1:6:3 of chitosan:sodium hydroxide:monochloroacetic acid. The chemical structure was analyzed by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnatic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). The FT-IR was used for confirm the insertion of carboxymethyl group on chitosan molecules. The 1H-NMR was used for determining the degree of substitution (DS) of carboxymethylation at hydroxyl and amino sites of chitosans. Carboxymethyl chitosan samples had the total DS of carboxymethylation ranging from 1.0-2.2. The highest of DS of carboxymethylation was from shrimp chitosan oligomer type.

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2

Liu, Qili, Jianxin Zhang, Dong Li, Jianfeng Lang, Shasha Zai, Jianjun Hao, and Xiaohui Wang. "Inhibition of Amphiphilic N-Alkyl-O-carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives on Alternaria macrospora." BioMed Research International 2018 (June 11, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5236324.

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Cotton leaf spot (Alternaria macrospora) is a widespread disease that occurs in the main cotton-producing area of China. In managing this disease, a novel chitosan-based biopesticide, an amphiphilic N-alkyl-O-carboxymethyl chitosan derivative, was prepared. The product was selected from variations of chitosan with different molecular structures, which were obtained via a two-step reaction. First, carboxymethyl chitosans with varying molecular sizes were obtained by etherification with chloroacetic acid; then the carboxymethyl chitosan was alkylated with C4–C12 fatty aldehyde through a Schiff-base reaction. This procedure resulted in derivatives of amphiphilic N-alkyl-O-carboxymethyl chitosan, which showed strong antifungal activities against A. macrospora, and the efficacy was determined by its molecular structure.

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3

Zhou, Gang, Jing Zhang, Jun Tai, Qianyi Han, Lei Wang, Kunpeng Wang, Shengcai Wang, and Yubo Fan. "Comparison of chitosan microsphere versus O-carboxymethyl chitosan microsphere for drug delivery systems." Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers 32, no. 5 (February 1, 2017): 469–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883911517690757.

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The development of controlled drug delivery systems for bone regeneration, especially microspheres, has become a research hotspot in recent years. Chitosan and its derivative O-carboxymethyl chitosan have been considered to be an effective way for controlled drug delivery due to their nontoxicity and biodegradability. Currently, most of the studies have researched on synthesizing and characterizing chitosan and O-carboxymethyl chitosan. However, few studies have focused on the differences between chitosan microspheres and O-carboxymethyl chitosan microspheres directly. In this study, chitosan and O-carboxymethyl chitosan microspheres were developed by water-in-oil emulsification cross-linking method using vanillin as the cross-linking agent, and then their physicochemical properties were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and in vitro release testing. The results showed that O-carboxymethyl chitosan was successfully modified by adding carboxymethyl group at the chitosan C6 position.The particle size of chitosan microspheres (50–90 µm) was significantly larger than that of O-carboxymethyl chitosan microspheres (10–50 µm), and the drug release profile of O-carboxymethyl chitosan microspheres showed larger initial burst release within the first day and sustained release at the fourth day, while chitosan microspheres showed sustained release at the seventh day. In addition, Cell Counting Kit-8 assay showed that MC3T3-E1 proliferated well and highly expressed the alkaline phosphatase marker protein on both chitosan and O-carboxymethyl chitosan microspheres. Overall, both chitosan and O-carboxymethyl chitosan microspheres showed good biocompatibility, and chitosan microspheres were superior to O-carboxymethyl chitosan microspheres. Moreover, the different drug release rates suggest that chitosan and O-carboxymethyl chitosan microspheres have the potential to be used for the repair of different bone defects.

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4

Lu, Xi, Juan Qin Xue, Yu Jie Wang, Wei Bo Mao, Ming Wu, and Jing Xian Li. "Theoretical Studies on the Chemical Structure of Carboxymethyl Chitosan." Advanced Materials Research 160-162 (November 2010): 1822–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.160-162.1822.

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The density functional theory (DFT) calculations explored the structural optimization and the frequency of N-carboxymethyl chitosan (N-CMCS) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMCS). For the isomers, the calculations comparatively were performed. The charge distribution and frontier molecular orbit were analyzed by using the natural bond orbital (NBO) method. The results showed: the two rotational isomers a and b can stably exist, with the stability order a>b; N-carboxymethyl chitosan reaction active sites are concentrated in -OH and -NHCH2COOH, while O-carboxymethyl chitosan reaction active sites are concentrated in -NH2 and -CH2COOH; The water-soluble mechanism of carboxymethyl chitosan was investigated deeply, on the one hand, the presence of carboxymethyl of carboxymethyl chitosan had a tendency to ionize H+, on the other hand the carboxymethyl increased the distance and weakened the hydrogen bonds between molecules, even though Einstein shift H-bond is formed in the carboxymethyl chitosan molecules.

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5

Bazat, Mohamad Radawn, Mohamad Yahay Zien AL-deen, and Hasan AL-Khamisy. "Grafting of O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan with Acrylonitrile and Studying some of its Properties and Applications." Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences 28, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33261/jaaru.2021.28.2.009.

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Preparation of o-carboxymethyl Chitosan was done, wich is important derivative of chitosan. Grafting copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto o-carboxymethyl chitosan was accomplished using ammonium cerium sulfate (CAS) as an initiator. Resulting graft of o-carboxymethyl chitosan was characterized by FT-IR spectrum and DTA analysis to be compared with o-carboxymethyl chitosan. Properties such as water swelling and solubility were studied for each, whereas,. Percentage of grafting efficiency (GE%) and yield of grafting (GY%) were determined. The efficiency of grafted ocarboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh-g-PAN) to remove dyes(direct black dyes, dispersed red dyes) from industrial waste water was also determined. The results reveal good efficient absorption of black dyes more than red dyes. Efficiency from different concentrations of grafted o-carboxymethyl chitosan(CMCh-g-PAN) to reveal percentages of elimination ions from their solutions metallic ions Cu2+,Pb2+,Cd2+and Sn2+ from their solutions at room temperature with mechanical stirring for 24 hrs were also determined .It has been shown that grafted o-carboxymethyl chitosan has important role in elimination of lead ion comparing with other ions, As a result, elimination percentages of ions increase as follow: Cd2+< Sn2+< Cu2+<. Pb2+

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6

Anitha, A., V. V. Divya Rani, R. Krishna, V. Sreeja, N. Selvamurugan, S. V. Nair, H. Tamura, and R. Jayakumar. "Synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity and antibacterial studies of chitosan, O-carboxymethyl and N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles." Carbohydrate Polymers 78, no. 4 (November 2009): 672–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.05.028.

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7

Shang, Xiao Xian, Jiao Du, and Hong Yan Zhang. "The Preparation of O-Carboxymethyl-Chitosan and its Particles." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 3782–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.3782.

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The active site of chitosan is protected basing on amino reaction method of reaction between benzaldehyde and chitosan to form Schiff. The O-carboxymethyl chitosan is obtained by the method that taking chloroactic acid to hydroxyl of chitosan as modifier in alkaline conditions to form amino protection and then remove the protection in acid conditions. The O-carboxymethyl chitosan particles with particle size distribution of 15-50μm is prepared by emulsification cross- linking method.

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8

Liao, Xiao Ling, Yan Liu, Qiu Hong Huang, and Wen Feng Xu. "The Research on the Adsorbing Behavior of Chitosan for Heavy Metal Ions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 320 (May 2013): 649–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.320.649.

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Chitosan and N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan are non-toxic natural absorbents. In this paper, the adsorbing behavior of Chitosan and O, N-carboxymethyl Chitosan for Co2+ respectively were studied. The result indicated that the adsorbing ability of N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan was better than this of chitosan. The adsorbing ratio increased clearly with the increasing in the pH value of solution and absorbent amount, but it was not sensitive to the concentration of Co2+. Within ten minutes, the adsorbing ratio of above absorbents could achieve above 80%. But with time prolonging, the adsorbing ratio increased slowly. When time was more than 15 minutes and the pH value was higher than 10, the adsorption rate slowly flatted out.

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9

Widiyanti, Prihartini, Yolanda Citra Ayu Priskawati, Herry Wibowo, and Jan Ady. "Development of Aldehyde Hyaluronic Acid - N,O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan based Hydrogel for Intraperitoneal Antiadhesion Application." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 52 (August 10, 2021): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.52.47.

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Intraperitoneal adhesion is a serious case that often occurs with a prevalence of 90-97 % after undergoing gynecological surgery and laparotomy. This study aims are to characterized the hydrogel and identified the optimal composition of Hyaluronic acid (HA) - N, O-carboxymethyl chitosan (NOCC) as an anti-adhesion biomaterial barrier. The synthesis method involved firstly the synthesis of aldehyde derivative of hyaluronic acid (AHA) and also the conversion of chitosan into its derivative, N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan. These two compounds were mixed in various compositions and crosslinked to form N, O-carboxymethyl chitosan (NOCC) /AHA. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy has confirmed that the functional groups found -C = O stretching at 1644 cm-1 indicating the hyaluronic acid and carboxymethyl group (-CH2COOH) in 1380 cm-1 which indicate the presence of chitosan. The crosslink is evidenced by the group C = N stretching at a wavenumber of about 1630 cm-1. The best composition of intraperitoneal anti-adhesion is the ratio of hyaluronic acid: chitosan at 30:10 mg/ml. The swelling test is showed a swelling ratio of around 211.8 % in accordance with the standard as intraperitoneal anti-adhesion. Hydrogel has a degradation rate up to 86.87 % on day 10, and this is in accordance with the standard as intraperitoneal anti-adhesion. Cytotoxicity assay showed that hydrogel was nontoxic with a percentage of 92.9 % cell viability. The newly developed hyaluronic acid-carboxymethyl chitosan has characteristics that conform to the criteria of an intraperitoneal anti-adhesion.

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10

Liu, Ying, Di Zhao, and Jiang Tao Wang. "Preparation of O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan by Schiff Base and Antibacterial Activity." Advanced Materials Research 647 (January 2013): 794–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.647.794.

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A novel method of preparation O-Carboxymethyl chitosan (OCMC) was studied that the product was prepared by reaction of Schiff's base of chitosan. Schiff base of chitosan (BCTS) was synthesized by the reaction of chitosan with aromatic aldehyde, then BCTS reacted with chloroacetic acid and removed the group of amino protection to get the target product. The chitosan derivative was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, 1HNMR and elemental analysis. Elemental analysis results confirmed that the degree of substitution(DS) of OCMC was 0.83. Solubility of OCMC in water and organic solvents was demonstrated to be better than that of chitosan. The antimicrobial activities of chitosan and OCMC were investigated against Aspergillus niger and Staphylococcus aureus. The results indicate that the antimicrobial activity of OCMC was superior to chitosan.

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11

Meng, Dong, Lu Guo, Dandan Shi, Xiao Sun, Mengmeng Shang, Xiaoying Zhou, and Jie Li. "Charge-conversion and ultrasound-responsive O-carboxymethyl chitosan nanodroplets for controlled drug delivery." Nanomedicine 14, no. 19 (October 2019): 2549–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2019-0217.

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Aim: O-carboxymethyl chitosan/perfluorohexane nanodroplets (O-CS NDs) and doxorubicin-loading O-carboxymethyl chitosan nanodroplets were synthesized and functionally tested as drug delivery system in vitro. Materials & methods: The characteristics, charge conversion, stability, cytotoxicity, ultrasound imaging ability, interaction with tumor cells of the nanodroplets and eradication on tumor cells of the doxorubicin-loaded nanodroplets were investigated. Results: O-CS NDs (below 200 nm) achieved higher tumor cellular associations at acidic pH, with great serum stability, pH-dependent charge conversion and good ultrasound imaging ability. Doxorubicin-loading O-carboxymethyl chitosan nanodroplets exhibited strong cytotoxicity on PC-3 cells with ultrasound exposure. Conclusion: These stable, safe and smart O-CS NDs may be a promising approach to improve cell interaction efficiency as an ultrasound imaging and cancer-targeting drug delivery system.

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12

Mai, Thi Thu Trang, Phuong Thu Ha, Hong Nam Pham, Thi Thu Huong Le, Hoai Linh Pham, Thi Bich Hoa Phan, Dai Lam Tran, and Xuan Phuc Nguyen. "Chitosan and O-carboxymethyl chitosan modified Fe 3 O 4 for hyperthermic treatment." Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 3, no. 1 (February 21, 2012): 015006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2043-6262/3/1/015006.

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13

Ma, Pei, Ran Su, and Dai Di Fan. "Preparation of N, O-carboxymethyl chitosan-Human-Like Collagen Microspheres for Drug Delivery." Advanced Materials Research 560-561 (August 2012): 410–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.560-561.410.

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In this investigation, the N, O-carboxymethyl chitosan (NOCC) was synthesized. A novel pH-sensitive hydrogel system composed of a water-soluble chitosan derivative (N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan, NOCC)and Human-like collagen (HLC) blended with phosphate was developed for controlling drug delivery and NOCC–HLC microspheres were prepared by the technology of electrostatic droplet generation technique. The release profiles of a model protein drug (bovine serum albumin, BSA) from test hydrogels were studied in simulated gastric and intestinal media.

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14

Zhang, Hao, Ying She, Xue Zheng, and Jun Wen Pu. "Synthesis and Characterization of N, O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan." Advanced Materials Research 791-793 (September 2013): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.791-793.48.

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N, O-Carboxymethyl chitosan (N, O-CMC) was synthesized in this study, and the properties of N, O-CMC were affected by the synthesis conditions. Structure of N, O-CMC was detected by fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) was used to analyze the crystallinity. Potentiometric titration was used to measure the DS of N, O-CMC.

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15

Ji, Jin Gou, Dan Jun Wu, Jing Fen Zhang, Jing Jie Li, and Yi Xu. "Preparation of Folate Conjugated O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan Nanoparticles." Advanced Materials Research 152-153 (October 2010): 1797–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.1797.

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Anticancer drugs are always restricted as lacking of tumor cell-selective targeting. In this paper, to achieve double effects of targeting and decreasing the drug toxicity, the folate (FA) -O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC) and the methotrexate (MTX) encapsulated FA-O-CMC/CaCl2 nanoparticles were prepared. The numbers of FA conjugated to O-CMC, particle size, surface morphology, encapsulation efficiency and loading efficiency of the obtained nanoparticles were characterized. The results showed that the FA-O-CMC possessing targeting ability was achieved. MTX had been successfully loaded into the nanoparticles. The prepared nanoparticles were spherical in morphology with an average size of 322 nm

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16

Liu, Qun, Bo Li, Yan Li, Xiaodeng Yang, Congde Qiao, Wei Hu, and Mingxia Liu. "Solution properties of N-(2-allyl-butyl ether)-O-carboxymethyl chitosan and N-(2-allyl-isooctyl ether)-O-carboxymethyl chitosan." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 190 (November 2021): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.208.

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17

Valencia-Gómez, Laura-Elizabeth, Santos-Adriana Martel-Estrada, Claudia-Lucia Vargas-Requena, Juan-José Acevedo-Fernández, Claudia-Alejandra Rodríguez-González, Juan-Francisco Hernández-Paz, Elí Santos-Rodríguez, and Imelda Olivas-Armendáriz. "Characterization and evaluation of a novel O-carboxymethyl chitosan films with Mimosa tenuiflora extract for skin regeneration and wound healing." Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers 35, no. 1 (November 13, 2019): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883911519885976.

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In this study, films of O-carboxymethyl chitosan with Mimosa tenuiflora extract were manufactured, characterized, and evaluated. In this work, both the synthesis of O-carboxymethyl chitosan and the extraction of the active ingredient of Mimosa tenuiflora extract from the cortex are described. First, the extract of Mimosa tenuiflora in water was obtained by precipitation with ethanol, filtering, and concentrating. Subsequently, a study was conducted of scratch wound healing to determine the optimal concentration of extract to be used in the manufacture of films. The produced O-carboxymethyl chitosan films and the Mimosa tenuiflora extract were mixed, and their chemical composition, tensile properties, and wettability were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, mechanical tests, and contact angle measurement. The antimicrobial properties of the films were tested by turbidimetry using two types of bacteria. In addition, a study of the enzymatic degradation of the films with the enzyme lysozyme was performed. Finally, in vitro studies to assess the biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of films with fibroblastic cells were carried out as well as the kinetic analysis of healing in mice. It was found that the addition of Mimosa tenuiflora extract in the polymer matrix of the films made with O-carboxymethyl chitosan improves the proliferation of fibroblast and accelerates wound healing, thus providing a novel biomaterial for skin regeneration.

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18

Di, Youbo, Guoqiang Long, Huiqin Zhang, and Qingshan Li. "Preparation and Properties of Viscose Rayon/O-carboxymethyl Chitosan Antibacterial Fibers." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 6, no. 3 (September 2011): 155892501100600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501100600305.

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Antimicrobial viscose rayon/O-carboxymethyl chitosan fibers (VCMFs) were manufactured by spinning the mixture of O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMCS) xanthate and cellulose xanthate via the viscose process. The structure, morphology and mechanical properties were investigated by infrared, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope and tensile test. The results show that the blend fibers of cellulose and O-CMCS were satisfactorily prepared and the two polymers were mixed homogeneously. VCMFs display striation along the fiber similar to those of viscose rayon fibers, and their mechanical properties are close to that of viscose rayon. With O-CMCS blended, VCMFs showed good moisture absorption and antibacterial activity against E.coli.

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19

Wang, Dejuan, Jiacong Mo, Shirong Pan, Haofan Chen, and Huanglin Zhen. "Prevention of postoperative peritoneal adhesions by O-carboxymethyl chitosan in a rat cecal abrasion model." Clinical & Investigative Medicine 33, no. 4 (August 1, 2010): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v33i4.14228.

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Purpose: Post-surgial adhesion formation can result in significant morbidity and mortality. N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan (N,O-CMC) has been previously shown to be effective in the prevention of postsurgical adhesion formation. In this study, we evaluated the ability of O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC), another chitosan derivative generated by carboxymethylation of chitosan's oxygen centers, to reduce postsurgical adhesion development. Methods: Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats (250 ± 20 g) were divided into two equal groups: O-CMC group and saline (control) group. All rats underwent a midline laparotomy and the cecum was abraded to cause petechial hemorrhages. Following peritoneal injections of either saline or O-CMC, the incisions were closed. Seven days after surgery, the animals were killed and adhesion formation was scored. Tissue samples from the adhesions were examined histochemically. Results: Adhesion formation was significantly decreased in the O-CMC group (P < .001) in comparison with the control group. Furthermore, significantly less collagen (P < .001) and fewer inflammatory cells and fibroblasts were detected in the O-CMC-treated animals. Additionally, a significantly (P < .05) lower level of TGF-β1 expression was found in the O-CMC group. Conclusion: O-CMC appears to be effective in the prevention of postoperative peritoneal adhesion formation, which may be attributed to decreased accumulation of inflammatory cells and fibroblasts and reduced collagen synthesis.

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20

Wang, Hai-Dong, Qiaoqin Yang, and Catherine Hui Niu. "Functionalization of nanodiamond particles with N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan." Diamond and Related Materials 19, no. 5-6 (May 2010): 441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2010.01.032.

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21

Huang, Yi-Cheng, and Tzu-Hung Kuo. "O-carboxymethyl chitosan/fucoidan nanoparticles increase cellular curcumin uptake." Food Hydrocolloids 53 (February 2016): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.02.006.

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22

Smitha, K. T., M. Sreelakshmi, N. Nisha, R. Jayakumar, and Raja Biswas. "Amidase encapsulated O-carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles for vaccine delivery." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 63 (February 2014): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.10.045.

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23

Markus, Josua, Ramya Mathiyalagan, Yeon-Ju Kim, Yaxi Han, Zuly Elizabeth Jiménez-Pérez, Soshnikova Veronika, and Deok-Chun Yang. "Synthesis of hyaluronic acid or O-carboxymethyl chitosan-stabilized ZnO–ginsenoside Rh2 nanocomposites incorporated with aqueous leaf extract of Dendropanax morbifera Léveille: in vitro studies as potential sunscreen agents." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 23 (2019): 9188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj06044d.

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24

Sun, Gang Zheng, Xi Guang Chen, Jing Zhang, Chao Feng, and Xiao Jie Cheng. "Adsorption characteristics of residual oil on amphiphilic chitosan derivative." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 9 (May 1, 2010): 2363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.892.

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In this study, a novel chitosan-based polymeric surfactant, H-Oleoyl-Carboxymethyl chitosan was used as a coagulation agent for cleaning residual oil. The characteristics of H-Oleoyl-Carboxymethyl chitosan were investigated by FTIR and XRD. And the adsorption capacities of chitosan and H-O-CMCS for removing the residue oil from the wastewater of oil extraction have been investigated. H-O-CMCS exhibited a greater rate than chitosan in cleaning the residual oil from the wastewater of oil extraction at the optimum conditions. Equilibrium study, Langmuir/Freundlich adsorption models and the pseudo first- and second-order kinetic models were applied to describe the mechanism of adsorption experiments. The experimental data fitted well with the Langmuir model and the second-order kinetic model. Regeneration studies, using by the roasting and rinsing method, were undergone for three successive adsorption/desorption processes. H-O-CMCS still retained the residual oil removal capacity after regeneration.

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25

Lv, Dongjun, Mingjie Zhang, Jin Cui, Juanjuan Lu, and Weixue Li. "Grafting of edible colorants onto O-carboxymethyl chitosan: preparation, characterization and anti-reduction property evaluation." New Journal of Chemistry 40, no. 4 (2016): 3363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6nj00241b.

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26

Lv, Dongjun, Jin Cui, Yufang Wang, Guohua Zhu, Mingjie Zhang, and Xiujing Li. "Synthesis and color properties of novel polymeric dyes based on grafting of anthraquinone derivatives onto O-carboxymethyl chitosan." RSC Advances 7, no. 53 (2017): 33494–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra04024e.

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27

Tavakol, M., E. Vasheghani-Farahani, T. Dolatabadi-Farahani, and S. Hashemi-Najafabadi. "Sulfasalazine release from alginate-N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan gel beads coated by chitosan." Carbohydrate Polymers 77, no. 2 (June 2009): 326–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.01.005.

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28

Yuan, Duowei, Ken Cadien, Qi Liu, and Hongbo Zeng. "Flotation separation of Cu-Mo sulfides by O-Carboxymethyl chitosan." Minerals Engineering 134 (April 2019): 202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2019.02.007.

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29

Lin, Chuen-Chang, and Cheng-Wei Lin. "Preparation ofN,O-carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles as an insulin carrier." Drug Delivery 16, no. 8 (October 20, 2009): 458–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10717540903353090.

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30

Zheng, Xue, Hao Zhang, Ying She, and Junwen Pu. "Composite films of N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan and bamboo fiber." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 131, no. 3 (September 12, 2013): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.39851.

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31

Zhao, Dongke, Jun Huang, Sheng Hu, Jianwei Mao, and Lehe Mei. "Biochemical activities of N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan from squid cartilage." Carbohydrate Polymers 85, no. 4 (July 2011): 832–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.04.007.

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32

SUN Shuang, 孙. 双., 魏长平 WEI Chang-ping, 伞. 靖. SAN Jing, 汪凤明 WANG Feng-ming, and 董丽丹 DONG Li-dan. "Preparation and Spectral Analysis of Folic Acid-O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan." Chinese Journal of Luminescence 38, no. 2 (2017): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/fgxb20173802.0160.

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33

Patrulea, V., Lee Ann Applegate, V. Ostafe, O. Jordan, and G. Borchard. "Optimized synthesis of O-carboxymethyl-N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan." Carbohydrate Polymers 122 (May 2015): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.12.014.

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34

Asghari-Haji, Fatereh, Kurosh Rad-Moghadam, and Nosrat O. Mahmoodi. "An efficient approach to bis-benzoquinonylmethanes on water under catalysis of the bio-derived O-carboxymethyl chitosan." RSC Advances 6, no. 33 (2016): 27388–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra26580k.

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35

Patale, Ramchandra L., and Vandana B. Patravale. "O,N-carboxymethyl chitosan–zinc complex: A novel chitosan complex with enhanced antimicrobial activity." Carbohydrate Polymers 85, no. 1 (April 2011): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.02.001.

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Liu, Qun, Yan Li, Xiaodeng Yang, Shu Xing, Congde Qiao, Shoujuan Wang, Chunlin Xu, and Tianduo Li. "O-Carboxymethyl chitosan-based pH-responsive amphiphilic chitosan derivatives: Characterization, aggregation behavior, and application." Carbohydrate Polymers 237 (June 2020): 116112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116112.

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Liu, Yanjuan, Gaohong Wang, Xinyi Huang, Yongfeng Liu, and Duolong Di. "Use of O-carboxymethyl chitosan in high-speed counter-current chromatography: a novel additive for a biphasic solvent system." New J. Chem. 38, no. 3 (2014): 1150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3nj01140b.

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Liu, Yanjuan, Yongfeng Liu, Gaohong Wang, and Duolong Di. "Liquid–liquid/solid three-phase high-speed counter-current chromatography based on O-carboxymethyl chitosan-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes as solvent additive." RSC Adv. 4, no. 50 (2014): 26231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra03222e.

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Müller, Werner E. G., Emad Tolba, Heinz C. Schröder, Meik Neufurth, Shunfeng Wang, Thorben Link, Bilal Al-Nawas, and Xiaohong Wang. "A new printable and durable N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan–Ca2+–polyphosphate complex with morphogenetic activity." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 3, no. 8 (2015): 1722–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tb01586j.

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Abstract:

In the absence of Ca²⁺ the polymers N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan, together with Na-polyphosphate and alginate, form random-coiled structures. Addition of Ca²⁺ transforms these polymers to durable implants.

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Shen, Song, Bei Ding, Qing Li, Xu Wei Yu, Xue Yong Qi, and Yan Ru Ge. "A Novel Chitosan Microbubble as Ultrasound-Triggered Drug Carrier for Antitumor In Vitro." Key Engineering Materials 636 (December 2014): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.636.139.

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Uniform Microbubbles (MBs) were routinely used as ultrasound contrast agents, but the MBs served for drug carrier showed well-marked advantage. In this study, we prepared a novel docetaxel–loaded microbubbles by carboxymethyl chitosan with W/O/W emulsion technique. Then, the surface morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Ultrasound-triggered drug release experiments were performed with adjustable intensity and time. In the antitumor experiment in vitro, Ultrasound-assisted drug release from MBs exhibited good treatment of tumor. The results proved the combination of ultrasound and drug-loaded carboxymethyl chitosan microbubbles could be used as a potential strategy for anti-tumor therapy.

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Liu, Tse-Ying, Ting-Yu Liu, San-Yuan Chen, Shian-Chuan Chen, and Dean-Mo Liu. "Effect of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles on Ibuprofen Release from Carboxymethyl-Hexanoyl Chitosan/O-Hexanoyl Chitosan Hydrogel." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 6, no. 9 (September 1, 2006): 2929–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2006.458.

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In order to explore the effect of nanofiller on the regulation of the drug release behavior from microsphere-embedded hydrogel prepared by carboxymethyl-hexanoyl chitosan (HNOCC) and O-hexanoyl chitosan (OHC), the release kinetics was investigated in terms of various amounts of calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) nanoparticles incorporated. HNOCC is a novel chitosan-based hydrophilic matrix with a burst release profile in a highly swollen state. The drug release kinetics of the HNOCC hydrogel can be regulated by incorporation of well-dispersed CDHA nanoparticles. It was found that the release duration of ibuprofen (IBU) from HNOCC was prolonged with increasing amounts of CDHA which acts as a crosslink agent and diffusion barrier. On the contrary, the release duration of the IBU from OHC (hydrophobic phase) was shortened through increasing the CDHA amount over 5%, which is due to the hydrophilic nature of the CDHA nanoparticles destroying the intermolecular hydrophobic interaction and accelerating OHC degradation. Thus, water accessibility and molecular relaxation were enhanced, resulting in a higher release rate. In addition, sustained and sequential release behavior was achieved by embedding the OHC microspheres (hydrophobic phase) into the HNOCC (hydrophilic phase) matrix, which could significantly prolong the release duration of the HNOCC drug-loaded implant.

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Chen, Ray-Neng, Gen-Ming Wang, Chien-Ho Chen, Hsiu-O. Ho, and Ming-Thau Sheu. "Development ofN,O-(Carboxymethyl)chitosan/Collagen Matrixes as a Wound Dressing." Biomacromolecules 7, no. 4 (April 2006): 1058–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm050754b.

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Kennedy, Renee, Darren J. Costain, Vivian C. McAlister, and Timothy D. G. Lee. "Prevention of experimental postoperative peritoneal adhesions by N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan." Surgery 120, no. 5 (November 1996): 866–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6060(96)80096-1.

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Qian, Guoqiang, Juyan Zhou, Jianbiao Ma, and Daobin Wang. "The Chemical Modification ofE. coliL-asparaginase by N, O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan." Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Biotechnology 24, no. 6 (January 1996): 567–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10731199609118882.

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Shi, Bingyang, Zheyu Shen, Hu Zhang, Jingxiu Bi, and Sheng Dai. "Exploring N-Imidazolyl-O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan for High Performance Gene Delivery." Biomacromolecules 13, no. 1 (December 23, 2011): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm201380e.

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Snima, K. S., R. Jayakumar, A. G. Unnikrishnan, Shantikumar V. Nair, and Vinoth-Kumar Lakshmanan. "O-Carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles for metformin delivery to pancreatic cancer cells." Carbohydrate Polymers 89, no. 3 (July 2012): 1003–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.04.050.

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Anitha, A., S. Maya, N. Deepa, K. P. Chennazhi, S. V. Nair, and R. Jayakumar. "Curcumin-Loaded N , O -Carboxymethyl Chitosan Nanoparticles for Cancer Drug Delivery." Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 23, no. 11 (May 8, 2012): 1381–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/092050611x581534.

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Lv, Jingchun, Qingqing Zhou, Guoliang Liu, Dawei Gao, and Chunxia Wang. "Preparation and properties of polyester fabrics grafted with O-carboxymethyl chitosan." Carbohydrate Polymers 113 (November 2014): 344–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.06.088.

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SUN, S., and A. WANG. "Adsorption kinetics of Cu(II) ions using N,O-carboxymethyl-chitosan." Journal of Hazardous Materials 131, no. 1-3 (April 17, 2006): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.09.012.

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Huang, Guo-Qing, Ling-Yun Cheng, Jun-Xia Xiao, and Xiao-Na Han. "Preparation and characterization of O-carboxymethyl chitosan–sodium alginate polyelectrolyte complexes." Colloid and Polymer Science 293, no. 2 (October 22, 2014): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00396-014-3432-4.

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