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Journal articles on the topic 'O2 gas mixture'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 1 June 2024
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Wang, Wen, Keli Gao, Xianglian Yan, et al. "Numerical study of the arc-quenching performance of eco-friendly C4F7N/CO2/O2 gas mixtures." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 58, no. 18 (2025): 185207. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/adc60c.

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Abstract In response to the increasing demand for environmentally sustainable alternatives to SF6 gas in arc-quenching applications, comparative studies are performed in the present work to explore the arc-quenching performance of a novel eco-friendly gas mixture composed of C4F7N, CO2 and O2. Through a combination of experimental studies and numerical modelling, the arc dynamic characteristics are firstly evaluated for ternary C4F7N/CO2/O2 gas mixtures with different mixing ratios. The results demonstrate that the variations in the volume concentrations of C4F7N and O2 only have an insignific
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2

Efremov, Alexandr M., and Kwang-Ho Kwon. "PLASMA PARAMETERS AND COMPOSITION IN CF4/O2/Ar GAS MIXTURE." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 60, no. 1 (2017): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.2017601.5518.

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For citation:Efremov A.M., Kwon K.-H. Plasma parameters and composition in CF4/O2/Ar gas mixture. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 1. P. 50-55.The effects of O2/Ar mixing ratio in CF4/O2/Ar mixture on both plasma parameters and fluxes of active species determining the dry etching kinetics in this gas system were analyzed. The investigation combined plasma diagnostics by Langmuir probes and zero-dimensional plasma modeling. It was found that the substitution of Ar with O2 at constant fraction of CF4 in a feed gas does not result in the non-monotonic change in F ato
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3

Zainal Abidin, Norsuhada, Muhammad Saufi Kamarudin, Erwan Sulaiman, and Abderrahmane Haddad. "Breakdown Characteristics of CO2+O2 and SF6+O2 Gas Mixtures under Standard Lightning Impulse." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 129, no. 2 (2025): 244–55. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.129.2.244255.

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Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) is extensively utilised as an insulating gas in power systems due to its highly electronegative properties. Nevertheless, SF6 is hindered by its elevated Global Warming Potential (GWP), which surpasses that of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) by a value of 23500. The research evaluates the breakdown voltage of CO2+Oxygen (O2) and SF6+O2 gas mixture as alternative insulation media during positive lightning impulses test. The up-and-down method was employed to determine the 50% breakdown voltage (U50) in the laboratory, and FEMM 4.2 software was utilised to determine the Maximum E
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4

Zhang, Boya, Yuyang Yao, Mai Hao, Xingwen Li, Jiayu Xiong, and Anthony B. Murphy. "Study of the dielectric breakdown strength of CO2–O2 mixtures by considering ion kinetics in a spatial–temporal growth avalanche model." Journal of Applied Physics 132, no. 9 (2022): 093302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0093568.

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The gas mixture CO2–O2 has been considered as an insulation and arc-quenching medium in gas-insulated switchgears. In this paper, the dielectric breakdown properties of CO2–O2 mixtures at different O2 concentrations and gas pressures were studied theoretically by considering ion kinetics in a spatial–temporal growth avalanche model. A kinetic scheme that includes all the main reactions likely to occur in CO2–O2 mixtures is presented. An improved method to calculate the dielectric strength of the gas mixture is developed, based on an avalanche model that considers both spatial growth and tempor
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5

Kirkden, RD, L. Niel, SA Stewart, and DM Weary. "Gas killing of rats: the effect of supplemental oxygen on aversion to carbon dioxide." Animal Welfare 17, no. 1 (2008): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600032012.

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AbstractHigh concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), used for killing laboratory rodents, are known to be more strongly aversive to rats than sweet food items are attractive. This study investigated whether the maintenance of a high oxygen (O2) concentration, using a gas mixture of 70% CO2 and 30% O2, would reduce aversion to CO2 during a gradual-fill procedure. Eight male Wistar rats, aged 10 months, were housed individually in an apparatus consisting of two cages, one higher than the other and joined by a tube. In a series of trials, subjects entered the lower cage for a reward of 20 sweet f
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6

Tian, Shuangshuang, Xiaoping Jin, Xiaoxing Zhang, Xiaohan Li, Zian Yuan, and Li Chen. "Study on thermal decomposition characteristics of C6F12O/O2/CO2 gas mixtures." AIP Advances 12, no. 11 (2022): 115003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0123968.

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Due to its excellent insulation properties and environmental characteristics, C6F12O gas mixture shows a wide range of applications prospects in low and medium voltage gas insulated equipment. The thermal decomposition characteristics of gas insulating medium are of great importance for the industrial application of gases and the operation and maintenance of equipment. In this paper, the type and concentration of the main products of the thermal decomposition of C6F12O/O2/CO2 gas mixture are researched experimentally with different O2 mixing ratios, and the effective gas production rate is ana
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7

Oh, Kyung Ho, Geum Bin Baek, Yoon Jae Cho, Su Myung Ha, and Chee Won Chung. "Etch Characteristics of Cobalt Thin Films in High Density Plasma of Cl2/O2/Ar Gas Mixture." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 30 (2024): 1518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01301518mtgabs.

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Inductively coupled plasma reaction ion etching (ICP-RIE) of cobalt thin films patterned with SiO2 hard masks was performed using Cl2/O2/Ar gas mixture. The etch characteristics of cobalt films in Cl2/Ar gas were examined to determine the roles of Cl2 and O2, respectively. The etch rates and etch profiles of cobalt films were investigated by varying the O2 concentration in Cl2/O2/Ar gas mixture. In the optimized Cl2/Ar gas mixture, systematic etching of cobalt films was performed by changing the etch parameters including ICP RF power, DC-bias voltage, and process pressure. As the DC-bias volta
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8

NAKAGAWA, Yuichi, Yasuhiko YOSHIDA, Tadataka YAMASHITA, and Junji FURUKAWA. "Plasma polymerization of butadiene-O2 mixture gas." KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 46, no. 4 (1989): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/koron.46.209.

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9

Talviste, Rasmus, Kalev Erme, Peeter Paris, Jüri Raud, Toomas Plank, and Indrek Jõgi. "Effective ionization coefficient in mixtures of Ar and O2 determined using the Townsend discharge." AIP Advances 12, no. 10 (2022): 105213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0098014.

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Precise knowledge of the fundamental ionization properties of gases, such as the effective ionization coefficient, is crucial for discharges in mixtures of Ar:O2, which are significant for a wide range of plasma applications. This study determined the effective ionization coefficient in electronegative gas mixtures of Ar:O2 in the pressure range of 10–800 Torr and reduced electric field strength E/ N range of 40–1200 Td utilizing a steady-state non-self-sustaining Townsend discharge. The reduced effective ionization coefficient α e/ N increased with E/ N and decreased with increasing O2 conten
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10

Kobtsev, Vitaly, Sergey Kostritsa, Dmitrii Kozlov, et al. "CARS and Fluorescent study of ignition of H2/O2 mixtures upon photodissociation of O2 molecular." MATEC Web of Conferences 209 (2018): 00010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820900010.

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The research is devoted to gas mixtures ignition by UV laser radiation. The dissociation of O2 molecules by a pulse of excimer ArF laser radiation at 193-nm wavelength with formation of the chemically active oxygen atoms initiating chain reactions which cause ignition of H2/O2 mixture was employed. The experimental test bench was created with CARS and fluorescent techniques for experimental investigation of some peculiarities of mixture ignition and combustion caused by such photo-dissociation, at conditions typical for combustion chamber. Two-dimensional numerical modeling of combustion proce
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11

Prokic-Cvetkovic, Radica, Andjelka Milosavljevic, Aleksandar Sedmak, and Olivera Popovic. "The influence of the oxygen equivalent in a gas-mixture on the structure and toughness of microalloyed steel weldments." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 71, no. 3 (2006): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0603313p.

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Testing were carried out on two steels. The first was microalloyed with Nb and second with Ti, Nb and V. The impact toughness of weld metals of these steels was evaluated using an instrumented Charpy pendulum. Five different gas mixtures (Ar, CO2, O2) were used to determine the optimal gas shielded metal arc process for both steels. The oxygen equivalent was used as a representative parameter of a mixture to follow, in particularly, its effect on the microstructure, toughness and crack propagation energy of the weld metal. For these investigated steels, the optimum gas mixture was established
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12

Efremov, Alexander M., Dmitry B. Murin, and Sergey V. Belyaev. "ON MECHANISMS OF INCREASING HCL DISSOCIATION DEGREE IN GLOW DISCHARGE PLASMA." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 61, no. 7 (2018): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20186107.5697.

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The influence of initial compositions of the binary HCl+Ar and HCl+O2 gas mixtures on the hydrogen chloride dissociation kinetics in low temperature gas discharge plasma was investigated. The experiments were carried out under the conditions of direct current glow discharge at constant total gas pressure (100 Pa) and discharge current (25 mA). The data on electro-physical plasma parameters and plasma composition were obtained by modeling procedure based on the simultaneous solution of Boltzmann kinetic equation and the equations of chemical kinetics for neutral and charged species in a steady-
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13

Yamada, Y., A. Ito, K. Kuono, H. Yoshida, and Y. Kobayashi. "Laser deposition of iron in oxygen atmosphere." Proceedings in Radiochemistry 1, no. 1 (2011): 429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/rcpr.2011.0078.

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AbstractIron oxide films were produced by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) of 57Fe metal in an oxygen atmosphere and their compositions were studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy. The effects of gas-phase reactions were investigated by varying the pressure of O2 gas or an O2/Ar gas mixture. When PLD was performed in a high-pressure O2 atmosphere, the main product in the film was trivalent iron oxide particles. When the O2 pressure was reduced, hematite Fe2O3 became dominant in the film, while wüstite FeO was produced at very low O2 pressures. PLD in an O2/Ar gas mixture produced films of trivalent ir
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14

Zagidullin, M. V., та N. A. Khvatov. "Kinetics of O2(1Δ) self-quenching in the O2— O2(1Δ) — H2O gas mixture". Quantum Electronics 40, № 9 (2010): 800–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe2010v040n09abeh014368.

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15

Khan, Muhammad Ibrahim, Muhammad Aslam Khan, Muhammad Iqbal Zaman, Najeeb ur Rehman, Asad Masood, and Naqib Ullah. "Enhancement of O-atom density through collisions with Ne by laser-produced plasma in Ne–O2 gas mixtures and possible energy transfer mechanism." International Journal of Modern Physics B 33, no. 18 (2019): 1950198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979219501984.

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Laser-produced plasma in Ne and O2 gases and Ne–O2 gas mixture with different O2 fractions have been investigated. The plasma were produced by focusing a laser beam of 5 ns pulse duration from a Nd:YAG laser ([Formula: see text] = 1064 nm) through a lens of 5 cm focal length into the chamber filled with different gas species at different pressures. Possible enhancement in O-atom densities through collisions with metastable Ne atoms by the laser-created plasma in Ne–O2 gas mixtures and possible energy transfer mechanism was studied. Study of energy transfer through collisions was carried out by
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16

Liu, Wei Long, Shu Huei Hsieh, and Wen Jauh Chen. "Manufacture and Characterization of TiO2 Nanowires by CVD." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 697–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.697.

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Under the catalysis of Co metal, the nanosized titania could be grown on Ti substrate at elevated temperature under a gas mixture of N2, O2, CH4 , and H2O. The nanosized titania was characterized by scanning electron microscope for its morphology, and by an energy dispersion spectrometer for its composition. The results showed that the straight and long titania nanowire could be formed at 900°C under a gas mixture of N2, O2, and CH4. When H2O vapor was added to the gas mixture, the titania nanowire became somewhat curved. The tiania nanowire was oxygen deficient, i.e. TiO2-X.
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17

Malvin, G. M., and M. P. Hlastala. "Effects of lung volume and O2 and CO2 content on cutaneous gas exchange in frogs." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 251, no. 5 (1986): R941—R946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1986.251.5.r941.

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The effects of lung O2 and CO2 content and volume on cutaneous gas exchange and perfusion were investigated in the frog, Rana pipiens. (Ha)-anesthetized frogs were equilibrated with 9.5% Freon-22 (Fr, chlorodifluoromethane) and 1.1% Ha. Cutaneous elimination of Fr, Ha, and CO2 into a small sample chamber on the abdomen was measured with a mass spectrometer. Introducing an air mixture into the lung decreased cutaneous Fr, Ha, and CO2 elimination. Lung inflation with an O2 mixture decreased cutaneous gas elimination more than with the air mixture. Inflation with a N2 mixture had no effect. The r
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18

Wu, Eugene Y., Khalid W. Barazanji, and Robert L. Johnson. "Sources of error ina- aD O 2 calculated from blood stored in plastic and glass syringes." Journal of Applied Physiology 82, no. 1 (1997): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.82.1.196.

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Wu, Eugene Y., Khalid W. Barazanji, and Robert L. Johnson, Jr. Sources of error in a-aDO2 calculated from blood stored in plastic and glass syringes. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(1): 196–202, 1997.—We studied the effects of time delay on blood gases, pH, and base excess in blood stored in glass and plastic syringes on ice and the effects of resulting errors on calculated alveolar-to-arterial [Formula: see text] difference (a-[Formula: see text]). Matched samples of dog whole blood were tonometered with gas mixtures of 5% CO2-12% O2-83% N2 ( mixture A), 10% CO2-5% O2-85% N2 ( mixture B), and 2.88% CO2-
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19

Iwata, Kazuya, Sou Suzuki, Reo Kai, and Ryoichi Kurose. "Direct numerical simulation of detonation–turbulence interaction in hydrogen/oxygen/argon mixtures with a detailed chemistry." Physics of Fluids 35, no. 4 (2023): 046107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0144624.

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Direct numerical simulation is conducted to address the detonation–turbulence interaction in a stoichiometric hydrogen/oxygen/argon mixture. The argon dilution rate is varied so that the mixture composition is 2H2 + O2 + 7Ar and 2H2 + O2 + Ar to discuss the effects of cell regularity on the sensitivity to turbulence. Turbulent Reynolds number and turbulent Mach number are taken to be common for both mixtures. The results show that the shock and flame of detonation in both mixtures are significantly deformed into corrugated ones in the turbulent flow, producing many small unburned gas pockets.
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20

Hong, Jong Woo, Hyun Woo Tak, Young Hun Choi, Hee Jung Kim, Dong Woo Kim, and Geun Young Yeom. "Etch Characteristics of Low-K Materials Using CF3I/C4F8/Ar/O2 Inductively Coupled Plasmas." Science of Advanced Materials 14, no. 7 (2022): 1258–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2022.4312.

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In this study, pulsed CF3I/C4F8/Ar/O2 inductively coupled plasmas have been studied for low-k etching, and the effects of CF3I addition to C4F8/Ar/O2 on the plasma characteristics and etch characteristics of low-k materials were investigated. The increased ratio of CF3I/(CF3I+C4F8) in the gas mixture increased CF3 radicals while decreasing CF2 radicals in the plasma, and which are related to the etching and polymerization, respectively. Therefore, the etch rates of SiCOH increased with increasing the CF3I ratio. However, the etch selectivity over an amorphous carbon layer and photoresist was t
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21

Efremov, Alexander M., Vladimir B. Betelin, and Kwang-Ho Kwon. "PLASMA PARAMETERS AND SiO2 ETCHING KINETICS IN C4F8 + Ar + O2 GAS MIXTURE." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 63, no. 6 (2020): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20206306.6163.

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The effect of Ar/O2 mixing ratio on plasma parameters, steady-state densities of active species and SiO2 etching kinetics in the three-component C4F8+Ar+O2 gas mixture was studied under typical conditions of reactive ion etching process (inductive 13.56 MHz RF discharge, total gas pressure of 6 mTorr, input power of 700 W and bias power of 200 W). The investigation combined etching rate measurements, plasma diagnostics by Langmuir probes and 0-dimensional (global) plasma modeling in order to determine steady-state densities and fluxes of plasma active species. It was found that the full substi
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22

Pramanik, B. K., Somlal Das, K. Subrata Pr, and A. Hatta. "Effect of Rare Gas Admixture on N2 /O2 Gas Mixture Discharge." Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 5, no. 5 (2010): 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jeasci.2010.347.353.

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23

Seol, Youbin, Hong Young Chang, Seung Kyu Ahn, and Shin Jae You. "Study on characteristics of electron parameters on inert gas addition in a capacitively coupled SF6/O2 plasma." AIP Advances 12, no. 12 (2022): 125117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0127857.

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In this paper, characteristics of electron parameters of SF6/O2 and inert gas mixture in a capacitively coupled plasma were studied. Here, gases such as He, Ar, and Xe were added to SF6/O2 mixture and electron energy probability functions (EEPFs) were measured. The electron parameters were acquired, which agreed well with EEPF behaviors. Normally, the inert gas functioned as an electron source and the electron density tended to increase. When the inert gas ratio exceeded other gases, the effect of the mixture varied on each gas. He showed its unique behaviors with the increase in electron temp
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24

Chen, F. J., A. S. Menon, S. V. Lichtenstein, N. Zamel, and A. S. Slutsky. "Mechanisms of gas exchange with different gases during constant-flow ventilation." Journal of Applied Physiology 68, no. 1 (1990): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.68.1.88.

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To investigate the mechanisms responsible for the difference in gas exchange during constant-flow ventilation (CFV) when using gases with different physical properties, we used mixtures of 70% N2-30% O2 (N2-O2) and 70% He-30% O2 (He-O2) as the insufflating gases in 12 dogs. All dogs but one had higher arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) with He-O2 compared with N2-O2. At a flow of 0.37 +/- 0.12 l/s, the mean PaCO2's with N2-O2 and He-O2 were 41.3 +/- 13.9 and 53.7 +/- 20.3 Torr, respectively (P less than 0.01); at a flow rate of 0.84 +/- 0.17 l/s, the mean PaCO2's were 29.1 +/- 11.3 and 35.3 +/- 13.6 Torr,
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25

Doan Hoang The, Golosov D.A., Jin Zhang, Kananovich N.A., Zavadski S.N., and Melnikov S.N. "Influence of the method of gas supply to the chamber on the processes of reactive magnetron sputtering of Ti-Al composite target." Technical Physics 68, no. 3 (2023): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/tp.2023.03.55814.261-22.

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The paper demonstrates study results of the processes of reactive magnetron sputtering of a Ti-Al composite target in an Ar/O2 gas mixture with various methods of gas supply to the chamber. It has been established that, regardless of the method of gas supply, when changing the oxygen concentration in the Ar/O2 gas mixture, the ratio of the Al and Ti content in the deposited Ti1-xAlxOy films changes. The metal content ratio in the deposited films varies in proportion to the change in the ratio of the control lines intensities of the optical emission of aluminum AlI (396.15 nm) and titanium TiI
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26

Schmittmann, Clemens, Felix Öffner, and Peter Quicker. "Nitrogen-Free Co-Gasification of Fermentation Residues." Energies 18, no. 9 (2025): 2173. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18092173.

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The limited usage of fermentation residues, due to increasingly stringent legal requirements, demands novel routes of utilization for these feedstocks. To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, a mixture of fermentation residues and wood chips is used as feedstock in a fixed-bed gasifier, using only O2/CO2 mixtures as gasifying agent. The maximum O2 concentration achieved was 31.6 Vol.-%. Pronounced process stability was achieved with a cold gas efficiency of about 94%, possibly due to CO2 conversion within the process. The heating value of the produced synthesis gas was 8.5 MJ/m3i.N.d
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27

Xiao, Song, Shuangshuang Tian, Xiaoxing Zhang, et al. "The Influence of O2 on Decomposition Characteristics of c-C4F8/N2 Environmental Friendly Insulating Gas." Processes 6, no. 10 (2018): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr6100174.

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The c-C4F8 gas is considered to have great potential as a gaseous medium for gas-insulated equipment, due to its good insulation properties and its relatively low greenhouse gas potential (GWP) relative to SF6. However, the decomposition is an important indicator of its use in equipment. In this paper, the decomposition characteristics of c-C4F8 and the influence by oxygen have been explored through experiments and theoretical calculations. Firstly, the breakdown test of mixed gas was carried out and the precipitated elements of the electrodes and breakdown products of gas mixture were analyze
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28

Lambauer, Vera, and Regina Kratzer. "Lab-Scale Cultivation of Cupriavidus necator on Explosive Gas Mixtures: Carbon Dioxide Fixation into Polyhydroxybutyrate." Bioengineering 9, no. 5 (2022): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9050204.

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Aerobic, hydrogen oxidizing bacteria are capable of efficient, non-phototrophic CO2 assimilation, using H2 as a reducing agent. The presence of explosive gas mixtures requires strict safety measures for bioreactor and process design. Here, we report a simplified, reproducible, and safe cultivation method to produce Cupriavidus necator H16 on a gram scale. Conditions for long-term strain maintenance and mineral media composition were optimized. Cultivations on the gaseous substrates H2, O2, and CO2 were accomplished in an explosion-proof bioreactor situated in a strong, grounded fume hood. Cell
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29

Lim, Young Min, Bok Su Jang, and Jin Hyun Koh. "The Effect of Shielding Gas and Arc Voltage on the Bead Shape and Pore Generation of Galvanized Steel Pipe Welds with Gas Metal Arc Welding." Advanced Materials Research 746 (August 2013): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.746.240.

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The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of shielding gases (Ar, CO2, Ar+5%CO2, Ar+10%CO2, Ar+20%CO2, Ar+2%O2, Ar+5%O2 and Ar+10%O2) and arc voltage (16-24V) on the bead shape and porosity formation of galvanized steel pipe welds made by a gas metal arc welding process. It was confirmed that the bead height was lowered and bead width was wider with increasing voltages. Bead shapes made by Ar was narrow and convex due to a high surface tension while those made by mixture gas compositions such as Ar+CO2 and Ar+O2t became wider and smoother due to a lower surface tension. The p
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30

Malpas, S. C., A. Shweta, W. P. Anderson, and G. A. Head. "Functional response to graded increases in renal nerve activity during hypoxia in conscious rabbits." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 271, no. 6 (1996): R1489—R1499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1996.271.6.r1489.

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Changes in renal sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) are postulated to influence renal function in selective ways, such that different levels of activation produce particular renal responses, initially in renin release, then sodium excretion, with changes in renal hemodynamics occurring only with much greater stimulus intensities. The aim of this study was to determine the renal hemodynamic and excretory responses to graded physiological increases in renal SNA induced by breathing different hypoxic gas mixtures. Experiments were performed in seven conscious rabbits subjected to four gas mixtures
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31

Sinha, Nidhi, Mi-Young Song, Hyonu Chang, et al. "Electron Impact Cross Sections and Transport Studies of C3F6O." Applied Sciences 13, no. 23 (2023): 12612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132312612.

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Electron impact scattering from C3F6O is studied in this work. The R-matrix method was used for the calculations of elastic, momentum transfer, and excitation cross sections. The attachment cross section was obtained through a parametric estimator based on the R-matrix outputs. The Binary-Encounter-Bethe (BEB) method was used for computing the ionization cross section. The obtained cross section set was used for the transport studies using the BOLSIG+ code, which is a two-term Boltzmann equation solver. The present calculation was performed for steady-state Townsend experimental conditions for
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32

Mammarappallil, MD, PhD, Joseph, Richard E. Moon MD, Neil R. MacIntyre MD, et al. "Cardio-Respiratory tolerability of perfluoropropaneEnhanced MRI of pulmonary ventilation." Journal of Lung, Pulmonary & Respiratory Research 7, no. 4 (2020): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jlprr.2020.07.00239.

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Rationale: Recent advances in perfluoropropane magnetic resonance imaging of the lung have provided the means to assess pulmonary ventilation and gas distribution throughout the pulmonary airways and acini in a non-invasive manner. Objectives: The increased density of the inhaled PFP/O2 gas mixture generates longer wash-in times compared to wash-out while breathing room air and leads to slight increases in airway resistance (Raw) and respiratory effort by the subject during imaging. As a consequence of these gas-related effects, we sought to evaluate the cardio-respiratory tolerability of the
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Hu, Xuechao, and Junhui Dong. "Regeneration Mechanism of Sulfur Absorption Via Samarium-doped Cerium Adsorbents in the Gas Atmosphere of O2/N2." Materials 13, no. 5 (2020): 1225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13051225.

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Sulfides existing in many high-temperature gas mixtures have a negative effect on various industrial applications. Ce-based adsorbents are becoming a hotspot in the high-temperature desulfurization process owing to their excellent thermal stability at high temperatures and regeneration capacity. In this study, we investigate the regeneration path of samarium-doped cerium (SDC) sorbent at high temperature. The SDC adsorbent showed a good sulfur removal ability and excellent regeneration capacity. Ce2O2S and Ce(SO4)2 are observed in the used adsorbent, and Ce2O2S is the main sulfur-containing sp
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34

Wani, Javed Ahmad, Sadia Ali Wani, and Salma Mariyam. "Intraoperative Evaluation of Effects of Different Gas Mixtures (Oxygen 100%, O2 50%:N2O 50%, Air on Cuff Pressure of PLMA (Proseal LMA)." International Journal of Research and Review 8, no. 12 (2021): 716–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20211287.

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Introduction:- we study the intra operative evaluation of different gas mixture(oxygen 100%, O2 50%:N2O 50%, AIR on cuff pressure of PLMA. Aims and Objectives:- To study intracuff pressure changes and the change in final volume of gas mixture during inflation and deflation during intraoperative period and postoperative complications. Material and Methods:- This double blind, prospective Study was conducted in Department of Anaesthesiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala following approval from institutional ethical committee and written info
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35

Hussain GHAYB, Dawser. "ESTIMATION OF POWER DEPOSITION IN ICP REACTOR." MINAR International Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 4, no. 4 (2022): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8234.13.13.

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In the present paper, the power deposited in the inductively coupled radiofrequency (RF) discharges is investigated by a two-dimensional fluid model. The discharge process was sustained in Ar / O2 gases mixture with 50:50 percentage of mixture volume. The discharge properties in the mixture obtained. An operating RF frequency of 13.56 MHz and applied voltage of 20 kV are simulated. A simple known international design of the reactor was chosen with 5 turn coil. Input power of the reactor was 1500 W. This numerical study done using plasma multiphysics model. Results show that the power depositio
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36

Namie, Masanari, Jae-Ho Kim, and Susumu Yonezawa. "Enhanced Dyeing of Polypropylene Using Fluorine–Oxygen Gas Mixtures." Colorants 2, no. 3 (2023): 552–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colorants2030027.

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Surface fluorination with pure F2 gas can easily make the surface on PP (polypropylene) hydrophobic, and it causes limited dyeability, as reported in a previous paper. In this study, to produce a more hydrophilic surface, surface fluorination of PP was performed at 25 °C, total gas pressure of 13.3 kPa, and reaction time of 1 h using F2 and O2 mixtures with different proportions of F2 gas. The surface roughness of the fluorinated PP samples was about 1.5 times higher than that of the untreated sample (5 nm). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) res
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37

Bertuglia, S., A. Colantuoni, G. Coppini, and M. Intaglietta. "Hypoxia- or hyperoxia-induced changes in arteriolar vasomotion in skeletal muscle microcirculation." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 260, no. 2 (1991): H362—H372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1991.260.2.h362.

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Arteriolar vasomotion was characterized in the skin muscle of the unanesthetized hamster skinfold window preparation and related to the specific arterioles that give rise to the different types of activity. The arterioles were classified according to the Strahler method: order 0 was assigned to capillaries and order 4 to the largest arterioles. The arterioles showed vasomotion with a specific range of frequencies that varied according to the vessel order; the highest fundamental frequency (9.1 +/- 3.9 cycles/min) was detected in the smallest order 1 arterioles and the lowest frequency (2.1 +/-
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38

Efremov, Alexander M., and Alexander M. Sobolev. "FEATURES OF SiO2 REACTIVE-ION ETCHING KINETICS IN CF4 + Ar + O2 AND C4F8 + Ar + O2 GAS MIXTURES." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 63, no. 9 (2020): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20206309.6198.

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The effect of Ar/O2 mixing ratio on gas-phase characteristics and SiO2 etching kinetics in CF4 + Ar + O2 and C4F8 + Ar + O2 plasmas was studied under conditions of 13.56 MHz inductive RF discharge. The constant processing parameters were fraction of fluorocarbon component in a feed gas (50%) total gas pressure (6 mTorr), input power (700 W) and bias power (200 W). It was found that the full substitution of Ar for O2 in both gas systems results in non-monotonic (with a maximum at ~ 25% Ar + 25% O2) SiO2 etching rates as well as in monotonically increasing photoresist etching rate with higher ab
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39

Guo, Dongyu, Xiaolong Li, Wen Wang, and Zhenxin Geng. "Effect of the Arc Extinguishing and Insulation Properties of C4F7N/CO2 Mixtures with Oxygen Addition: Experimental Investigations and Comparative Analysis." Energies 17, no. 17 (2024): 4202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17174202.

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The C4F7N/CO2 mixture is considered one of the most promising alternatives to sulfur SF6. Recent studies have shown that the addition of O2 to the C4F7N/CO2 mixture can suppress carbon precipitation following electric arc discharges. This paper conducts arc-burning experimental research on SF6, 10%C4F7N/90%CO2, and 10%C4F7N/85%CO2/5%O2 mixtures. Measurements were taken of the arc voltage and arc current under a 10 kA breaking current for these three gases. Additionally, the pressure at the nozzle throat during arc and cold flow conditions, as well as the pressure in the storage chamber, were m
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40

Yoshida, Yu, Naoyuki Hatayama, and Kunihiro Seki. "Study on the Preservation with CO (PCO = 200–2,000 hPa), Resuscitation, and Heterotopic Transplantation of an Isolated Rat Heart." Cell Transplantation 18, no. 5-6 (2009): 535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096368970901805-608.

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In this experiment, CO was used as a gas mixture in a reversible relationship with O2. CO was added in a gas form mixed with O2. An isolated donor rat heart was obtained, exposed to a gas mixture such as PO2 = 1,800 hPa and PCO = 200 hPa, and PO2 = 1,000 hPa and PCO = 1,000 hPa in a 2 ATA high-pressure chamber and preserved in a refrigerator at 4°C. This report demonstrates that significant reproducibility has been verified. The heart was removed from the refrigerator 24 h later and heterotopic heart transplantation was performed in the right neck of a recipient rat and the pulsating of the tr
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41

Efremov, Aleksandr M., Vladimir B. Betelin, Kwang-Ho Kwon, and Dmitriy G. Snegirev. "PLASMA PARAMETERS AND KINETICS OF ACTIVE SPECIES IN HBr + Cl2 + O2 GAS MIXTURE." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 62, no. 7 (2019): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196207.5947.

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In this work, we performed the combined (experimental and model-based) study of gas-phase plasma characteristics for HBr + Cl2 + O2 gas mixture under conditions of low-pressure inductive 13.56 MHz discharge. The data on internal plasma parameters, plasma chemistry as well as the steady-state plasma composition were obtained using a combination of Langmuir probe diagnostics and 0-dimensional (global) plasma modeling. Both experimental and modeling procedures were carried out at constant total gas pressure (p = 10 mTorr), input power (W = 500 W), bias power (Wdc = 200 W) and O2 fraction in a fee
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42

Huang, Lijun, Chaoqiong Fang, Ting Pan, et al. "Hydrogen Production via Electrolysis of Wastewater." Nanomaterials 14, no. 7 (2024): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14070567.

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The high energy consumption of traditional water splitting to produce hydrogen is mainly due to complex oxygen evolution reaction (OER), where low-economic-value O2 gas is generated. Meanwhile, cogeneration of H2 and O2 may result in the formation of an explosive H2/O2 gas mixture due to gas crossover. Considering these factors, a favorable anodic oxidation reaction is employed to replace OER, which not only reduces the voltage for H2 production at the cathode and avoids H2/O2 gas mixture but also generates value-added products at the anode. In recent years, this innovative strategy that combi
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43

Hornby, L., A. L. Coates, and L. C. Lands. "Effect of analyzer on determination of mixed venous PCO2 and cardiac output during exercise." Journal of Applied Physiology 79, no. 3 (1995): 1032–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1995.79.3.1032.

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Cardiac output (CO) during exercise can be determined noninvasively by using the indirect Fick CO2-rebreathing technique. CO2 measurements for this technique are usually performed with an infrared analyzer (IA) or mass spectrometer (MS). However, IA CO2 measurements are susceptible to underreading in the face of high O2 concentrations because of collision broadening. We compared an IA (Ametek model CD-3A) with a MS (Marquette model MGA-1100) to see the effect this would have on mixed venous PCO2 (PVCO2) and CO measurements. After calibration with room air and a gas mixture of 5% CO2–12% O2–83%
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44

Rakhadilov, Bauyrzhan, Dastan Buitkenov, Zhuldyz Sagdoldina, Zhanat Idrisheva, Manira Zhamanbayeva, and Dauir Kakimzhanov. "Preparation and Characterization of NiCr/NiCr-Al2O3/Al2O3 Multilayer Gradient Coatings by Gas Detonation Spraying." Coatings 11, no. 12 (2021): 1524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11121524.

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This paper investigates the influence of the technological parameters of detonation spraying on the phase composition of NiCr- and Al2O3-based coatings. It was determined that the phase composition of Al2O3 coatings during detonation spraying strongly depends on the barrel filling volume with the gas mixture. The acetylene–oxygen mixture, which is the most frequently used fuel in the detonation spraying of powder materials, was used as a fuel gas. To obtain a ceramic layer based on Al2O3, spraying was performed at an acetylene–oxygen O2/C2H2 mixture ratio of 1.856; the volume of filling of the
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45

Li, Hu, Koichi Ishii, Shun Sasaki, Mao Kamiyama, Akinori Oda, and Kazuki Denpoh. "Understanding plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition mechanisms in tetraethoxysilane-based plasma." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B 41, no. 2 (2023): 022208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/6.0002409.

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The mechanisms of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS)-based plasma were investigated by monitoring the plasma via experimental and computational approaches using a quadrupole mass spectrometer/residual gas analyzer and coupled plasma-gas flow simulation. For experimental measurements, plasma was generated from a TEOS/inert gas mixture, that is, Ar/TEOS or He/TEOS. The results showed that a larger number of TEOS fragments (i.e., silicon complex species) were generated in the He/TEOS plasma than in the Ar/TEOS plasma. Plasma simulation showed that the He/TEOS
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46

Han, Jingning, Zhifu Yin, Helin Zou, Wenqiang Wang, and Jianbo Feng. "A New Dry Etching Method with the High Etching Rate for Patterning Cross–Linked SU–8 Thick Films." Journal of Electrical Engineering 67, no. 3 (2016): 212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jee-2016-0030.

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Abstract Photo sensitive polymer SU-8, owing to its excellent mechanical properties and dielectric properties on polymerization, is widely used in MEMS device fabrications. However, the removing, stripping or re-patterning of the cross-linked SU-8 is a difficult issue. In this paper, CF4/O2 gas mixture provided by a plasma asher equipment was used for the patterning of cross-linked SU-8 material. The RF power, the temperature of the substrate holder, chamber pressure and gas concentration were optimized for the cross-linked SU-8 etching process. When the CF4/O2 mixture contains about 5%CF4 by
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47

Huszczuk, A., BJ Whipp, and K. Wasserman. "A respiratory gas exchange simulator for routine calibration in metabolic studies." European Respiratory Journal 3, no. 4 (1990): 465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.03040465.

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We have developed a method for simulating respiratory gas exchange for on-line calibration of metabolic measurement systems. It utilizes a pump which intakes a mixture of atmospheric air and a known flow of precision-analysed calibration gas (21% CO2, 79% N2). It expels the resulting mixture with flow wave form and profiles of gas concentration which closely resemble those of normal expiration. Control of the calibration mixture's inflow allows the investigator to set any desired metabolic rate regardless of the minute ventilatory rate. This separation of metabolic from ventilatory rates provi
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48

Ryu, Hyun Wook, Yong Joo Park, Hyo Sup Noh, and Jin Seong Park. "Characteristics of SnO2 Thin Films Deposited by RF Magnetron Sputtering." Materials Science Forum 449-452 (March 2004): 993–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.449-452.993.

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SnO2 thin films were prepared on SiO2/Si substrate by RF-Magentron Sputtering method, varying the deposition time and Ar-to-O2 flow ratio. The post-annealing was conducted at 500 oC and 700 oC in Ar and O2 atmosphere, respectively. Film characteristics were very sensitive to the gas flow ratio during the deposition and the conditions of post-annealing. The Film thickness decreased with decreasing of Ar flow ratio at a constant amount (50 sccm) of total gas flow. Especially, the film deposited under Ar-O2 mixture gas (Ar-to-O2 ratio of 50%) showed clearly aggregated morphology of small particle
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49

Park, Jin-Seong, In-Sung Park, Seon Yong Kim, et al. "Plasma Etching of SiO2 with CF3I Gas in Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition Chamber for In-Situ Cleaning." Science of Advanced Materials 11, no. 12 (2019): 1667–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2019.3634.

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Non-global-warming CF3I gas has been investigated as a removal etchant for SiO2 film. Thermally fabricated SiO2 films were etched by the plasma generated with a gas mixture of CF3I and O2 (CF3I/O2) in the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition chamber. The etch rate of SiO2 films was studied along with the process parameters of plasma etching such as chamber pressure, etching gas flow ratio of CF3I to CF3I/O2, plasma power, and chamber temperature. Increasing the chamber pressure from 400 to 1,000 mTorr decreased the etch rate of SiO2 film. The etch rate of this film showed a minimum value
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50

Joyce, C. J., A. B. Baker, and R. R. Kennedy. "Gas uptake from an unventilated area of lung: computer model of absorption atelectasis." Journal of Applied Physiology 74, no. 3 (1993): 1107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.74.3.1107.

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A computer model of gas uptake from an area of nonventilated lung, such as a pulmonary lobe with an occluded bronchus or an alveolus with an occluded airway, is presented. Previous analyses have assumed that when an inert gas is present, equilibration of O2 and CO2 with mixed venous blood is sufficiently rapid to be treated as instantaneous. This is valid for insoluble gases such as N2 or He when the fractional concentration of inspired O2 (FIO2) is < or = 0.6 but is invalid for a relatively soluble gas such as N2O. When a mixture of O2 and an inert gas is breathed, the time for an area of
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