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1
Maxey, George F. Ferring C. Reid. "Geology as a georegional influence on Quercus Fagaceae distribution in Denton and Coke Counties of central and north central Texas and Choctaw County of southeastern Oklahoma, using GIS as an analytical tool." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-5144.
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Maxey, George F. "Geology as a Georegional Influence on Quercus Fagaceae Distribution in Denton and Coke Counties of Central and North Central Texas and Choctaw County of Southeastern Oklahoma, Using GIS as an Analytical Tool." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5144/.
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This study elucidates the underlying relationships for the distribution of oak landcover on bedrock and soil orders in two counties in Texas and one in Oklahoma. ESRI's ArcGis and ArcMap was used to create surface maps for Denton and Coke Counties, Texas and Choctaw County, Oklahoma. Attribute tables generated in GIS were exported into a spreadsheet software program and frequency tables were created for every formation and soil order in the tri-county research area. The results were both a visual and numeric distribution of oaks in the transition area between the eastern hardwood forests and the Great Plains. Oak distributions are changing on this transition area of the South Central Plains. The sandy Woodbine and Antlers formations traditionally associated with the largest oak distribution are carrying oak coverage of approximately 31-32% in Choctaw and Denton Counties. The calcareous Blackland and Grand Prairies are traditionally associated with treeless grasslands, but are now carrying oak and other tree landcover up to 18.9%. Human intervention, including the establishment of artificial, political and social boundaries, urbanization, farming and fire control have altered the natural distribution of oaks and other landcover of this unique georegion.
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Borelli, Simone 1963. "Natural Regeneration of Oak Woodlands in Southeastern Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192036.
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The lack of information on the reproductive dynamics of Western Live Oak formations has created a need for the collection of baseline data. Therefore, a survey of the state of oak regeneration was conducted at several sites in southeastern Arizona. Presence, type, and amount of regeneration were recorded on 108 temporarily-established transects, on seven sites. Parameters examined for their influence on regeneration were aspect, soil, slope, and density. Frequency distributions and chi-square tests were used to analyze the data. Analysis showed that, when the data are pooled, all the parameters have an influence on the presence and distribution of regeneration. On individual study areas, parameters have limited influence or none at all. Further information will have to be gathered before conclusive statements on the dynamics of oak regeneration can be made.
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Neighbour, J. S. "Some aspects of the physiological ecology of the native British oaks." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382818.
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Gilljam, David. "Metapopulation persistence of insects living in hollow oaks: effects of adding oaks in the surrounding landscape." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-16484.
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<p>The oak district of Östergötland is one of the largest oak forests left in Europe and it harbours many threatened species dependent on old hollow trees. In this study, the saproxylic beetle <em>Osmoderma eremita</em> living in hollow oaks was used as a model species and parameterised for a metapopulation model (the incidence function model) at the level of individual trees. The aim was to set up a number of conservation management scenarios, where new oaks were added to increase the quality of the matrix and then simulate the resulting metapopulation occupancy, using three levels of dispersal. A real data set of hollow oaks was used as the base for modeling. Oaks were added to cells in a lattice covering the study landscape, where cell size, cell position and numbers of oaks per hectare were varied. The results show that a larger area of added oaks and a greater number of oaks per hectare will give a higher increase in total occupancy, no matter the dispersal, but the second smallest cell size used (3.4 km2 ) will give the highest response per effort for medium and high dispersal abilities, and smaller cells with greater number of oaks per area can be more effective. The spatial position of the increase in occupancy differs depending on dispersal ability of the focal species and should be considered in conservation management work. For unoccupied cells, the effort required to get the cell occupied will be smaller for cells having a greater number of oaks.</p>
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Barrocas, Eva de Gouveia. "Contribution to the study of holm oak stand dynamics." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/30090.
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The holm oak is an emblematic species of the montado, a complex and biodiverse multifunctional, agro-silvopastoral system. Signs of the decline of the montado crown cover have been reported. This research followed an integrative approach to investigate how crown cover influences stand structure, natural regeneration, soil conditions, and litter layer in pure holm oak stands. Two new methodologies were created: STRUX Index that facilitates structure classification, and Natural Regeneration Classification that studies the viability of natural regeneration. The results showed that a higher crown cover was linked to uneven-aged structure, higher values of above-ground biomass, higher number of established natural regeneration, and a tendency for higher values of soil organic carbon and litter layer. Furthermore, it was observed a positive correlation between natural regeneration, litter layer, and soil organic carbon together with a negative correlation with soil pH This study brings a positive perspective on the preservation of holm oak stands; Contribuição para a dinâmica de povoamento em montado de azinho
A azinheira é uma espécie emblemática do montado, sistema agro-silvopastoril, multifuncional e de elevada biodiversidade. Como a área de montado regrediu nas últimas décadas, tornou-se urgente compreender a dinâmica dos montados de azinho. Através de uma abordagem integrada, foi estudada a contribuição do grau de coberto para a dinâmica da estrutura dos povoamentos. Duas novas metodologias foram criadas: o Índice STRUX, para a classificação da estrutura do povoamento, e a Classificação de Regeneração Natural, para avaliar a viabilidade e qualidade da regeneração natural. Os resultados indicaram que valores superiores de grau de coberto estão relacionados com a estrutura irregular, com mais biomassa florestal e com mais regeneração natural instalada. Foi observada uma correlação positiva entre a regeneração natural, a manta morta e o carbono orgânico e uma correlação negativa com o pH do solo. Este estudo contribuiu para uma perspetiva positiva sobre a resiliência do montado de azinho.
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Taylor, Troy Sherwood Loewenstein Edward F. "Exploring natural and artificial regeneration techniques for developing high-quality bottomland oak stands." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Thesis/TAYLOR_TROY_7.pdf.
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Guiher, Sara Nicole. "A Regional Management Strategy for Invasive Plants in the Oak Openings." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1503607896706064.
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Black, Devin E. "MANAGING UPLAND OAK FORESTS WITH DISTURBANCE AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR NON-NATIVE SPECIES INVASIONS." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/forestry_etds/32.
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Natural and anthropogenic disturbances have influenced forest stand structure and affected species compositions within forests for millennia. Disturbances such as fire, severe weather events, and forest management practices may result in significantly reduced tree biomass. Thus, these disturbances may lower canopy closure and stem density in support of forest management goals, such as open oak woodland restoration, or promote an increase in species richness within the forest understory. However, these types of disturbance may also produce the unwanted consequence of opening pathways for the invasion of non-native species. Once established, these non-native species may threaten native plant communities and biodiversity. Here, we elucidate how varied natural and anthropogenic disturbances have altered forest stand structure. One consequence of disturbance has been the increase in the presence and cover of non-native species within upland oak forest sites located in the Daniel Boone National Forest, Kentucky. The results of these studies suggest that timely and effective management strategies are needed to minimize non-native species impact on forested habitats following disturbance, and to promote the desired structural shifts that will sustain diverse habitats and support biodiversity.
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Forrester, Guy J. "The population ecology of acorn weevils and their influence on natural regeneration of oak." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46774.
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Motsinger, Jonathan R. "Response of natural and artificial pin oak reproduction to mid- and understory removal in a bottomland hardwood forest." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4609.
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Thesis (M.S.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.<br>The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 27, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Noyes, Mark Lee. "Tree Canopy Increases Native Woody Understory Richness and Abundance in a Grazed Oak Woodland System." Thesis, University of California, Davis, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1546238.
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<p> Within Mediterranean ecosystems, conservation and restoration action is becoming increasingly necessary to preserve biological diversity within these working landscapes. Many of these systems have been managed to increase forage production through the removal of canopy trees and shrubs, resulting in understories dominated by herbaceous species. In California, woody plant regeneration can be constrained by exotic annual grasses, particularly in the presence of grazing. <i>Quercus douglasii</i> and other oak species are known to indirectly facilitate and provide spatial refuges to native plants through competitive suppression of herbaceous productivity. Mature trees can also compete with understory recruits and shrub species, limiting their occurrences to interstitial canopy gaps and resulting in reduced competition for resources. This study surveyed the overstory composition of 34 study plots at the Sierra Foothill Research and Extension Center to determine the effects of tree canopies on the occurrence and distribution of native woody species in the undergrowth. Because other studies have shown safesites, which include rock outcroppings, woodpiles, and nurse plants to facilitate woody plant establishment in this system, the microsites containing individual plants were recorded to determine the distribution of different woody species. Multivariate regressions showed that understory plant richness and abundance increased with higher levels of canopy cover, suggesting that mature trees play a role in maintaining understory diversity. The majority of stems were found growing directly underneath the canopy, with only one species established primarily in interstitial areas. Restoration strategies can utilize the natural distributions of woody species in the understory in order to increase the survival of plantings while continuing to manage these systems for multiple ecosystem services.</p>
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Bennett, Joseph Russell. "Multi-scale comparison of native and exotic communities in the Garry oak ecosystem of British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/41207.
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Fundamental debates persist regarding the ecology of species invasions, the risk posed by exotic species, and the most effective management to diminish invasion and promote native-dominated ecosystems. Using vascular plant surveys at three scales (between small-island and ‘mainland’ patches, among patches, within patches) from 86 patches in a threatened meadow ecosystem, I addressed the following questions arising from such debates: 1) Are latent invasions prevalent among exotics, and if so, among which species? 2) What are the relative roles of latent invasions, competition and environmental response in determining native versus exotic biogeographic patterns? 3) How can native and exotic species distribution and richness models at multiple scales be used to improve conservation management? Species-level analyses demonstrated latent invasions among and within patches for short-dispersing exotics, and a positive relationship between exotic species’ abundances and minimum residence time in the study region, suggesting that population expansion of some exotic species is at an early stage. A mix of scale-dependent concordant and discordant relationships with environmental variables, rather than competition, appeared to be the primary determinant of native versus exotic species richness and composition patterns. While incomplete invasion of exotics did not produce substantially different community-level biogeographic patterns between native and exotic communities, exotics were dominated by long-dispersing ruderal species more abundant on disturbed patches, while dominant natives were often short-dispersing stress-tolerant species more abundant on isolated patches. Such complexities, overlooked in most previous comparative analyses of native and exotic communities, can be used to predict future patterns and prescribe efficient management. In addition, spatially explicit distribution models revealed greater predictability for native species, and greater predictability among than within patches. Environmental variables related to native and exotic distributions were often shared within patches. Thus, management prescriptions applied among patches are likely to be most successful and predictable. Finally, native species at risk were more common on isolated small-island patches, contrary to biogeographic theory. Protection of small-island patches would be the most efficient conservation strategy for the study system. Interventions to control large exotic species populations, especially where propagule pressure from nearby disturbed areas is high, represent a far less efficient strategy.
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Park, Andrew David. "Natural regeneration and stand dynamics in a managed pine-oak forest in the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58977.pdf.
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Atkinson, Rachel Judith. "The genetic analysis of natural history, reproductive strategy and population structure in European oak gallwasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343288.
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Elk, Michael. "A Survey of Plant Root Extracellular Enzyme Activity in Native and Invasive Exotic Plants of Oak Openings." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1271364000.
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Poyatos, López Rafael. "Measuring and modelling transpiration of pine and oak forest stands in a Mediterranean mountain area (Vallcebre, NE Spain)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/947.
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This doctoral dissertation contains five applied reseaches about these subjectes:<br/><br/>1. "Transpiration of montane Pinus sylvestris L. and Quercus pubescens Willd. forest stands measured with sap flow sensors in NE Spain."<br/>Stand transpiration was measured during the 2003 and 2004 growing seasons using heat dissipation sap flow sensors in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and a pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.) forest located in a montane area of the Eastern Pyrenees (NE Spain). Over the studied period of 2003, characterised by a severe drought episode during the summer, the oak stand Ec was only 110 mm compared to the 239 mm transpired by the Scots pine stand. Scots pine showed a strong reduction in Ec/ET0 as the drought developed, whereas pubescent oak was less affected by soil moisture deficits in the upper soil. Rainfall during the summer months (June-September) in 2003 was almost 40% less than in the same interval in 2004. Accordingly, transpiration was also reduced about 25% in 2003. <br/><br/>2."Variation in the radial patterns of sap flux density in pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.) and its implications for tree and stand transpiration measurements".<br/><br/>Radial variation in sap flux density along the sapwood was assessed in several Quercus pubescens Wild. trees with the Heat Field Deformation method. Sapwood depth could be delimited by identifying the point of zero flow in radial patterns of sap flow, yielding tree sapwood areas which were 1.5-2 times larger than previous visual identifications on wood cores. Radial patterns varied among trees and diurnally, with a significant contribution from the inner sapwood during the early morning and late in the day. Stand transpiration calculated using the new sapwood areas and radial correction coefficients was similar (year 2003) or about 25% higher (year 2004) than previous uncorrected values.<br/><br/>3. "Parameterisation and validation of a two-source evapotranspiration model for Pinus sylvestris L. stands."<br/><br/>We used a two-layer evapotranspiration model to predict canopy transpiration and soil evaporation in a Scots pine stand. A Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) calibration was carried out using 2003 and 2004 data. Parameters representing reference stomatal aperture and sensitivity to vapour pressure deficit were the most relevant, whereas those controlling the response to soil moisture deficit only appeared sensitive when calibration against 2004 data was done. Combining calibration results from 2003 and 2004 showed how predictive uncertainty was reduced and the value of some parameters was constrained. <br/><br/>4. "Response of co-occurring Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.) to soil and atmospheric water deficits."<br/><br/>The physiological responses to water deficits of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.) under similar climatic conditions have been studied in two stands located in the Eastern Pyrenees. Leaf water potentials at midday were generally lower for pubescent oak. Sap flow relative to its species-specific maximum value was shown to decline with increasing vapour pressure deficit above a threshold of ca. 1.2 kPa for both species. Extreme drought conditions during the summer of 2003, promoted an enhanced stomatal control in Scots pine.<br/><br/>5. "Plasticity in structural and functional hydraulic characters in Scots pine: Analysis of variability across Eurasia."<br/><br/>A meta-analysis of Pinus sylvestris L. sap flow and its response to environmental variables was conducted using datasets from across its whole geographical range. Transpiration per unit leaf area at a given vapour pressure deficit increased in drier/warmer climates. This physiological acclimation was linked to the previously reported climate- and size-related structural acclimation of leaf to sapwood area ratios. Our results suggest that these structural adjustments may not be enough to prevent lower xylem tensions at the driest sites.<br><i>La tesi tracta diversos aspectes ecohidrològics d'especial interès en àrees de muntanya mitjana Mediterrània i s'engloba en les investigacions de tipus hidrològic i geomorfològic dutes a terme a les conques experimentals de Vallcebre. Aquestes conques són representatives dels processos d'aforestació que han tingut lloc a muntanya des del declivi de l'activitat agrícola. Els estudis presentats es centren concretament en la transpiració de boscos, el principal component de l'evapotranspiració en els ambients estudiats. La transpiració en aquest estudi ha estat avaluada mitjançant mesures de flux de saba, principalment el mètode de dissipació tèrmica. La regulació fisiològica de la transpiració s'ha avaluat des del punt de vista de la regulació estomàtica, el seguiment dels potencials hídrics foliars i de la capacitat conductora del xilema. En els últims anys s'ha demostrat que donades les interaccions entre el control estomàtic de la transpiració i les característiques estructurals que caracteritzen el camí de l'aigua des de les arrels fins a les fulles, cal estudiar les respostes de la planta als dèficits hídrics a nivell d'organisme. És important comprendre com funciona aquesta relació entre regulació fisiològica i estructural, tant en espècies diferents que conviuen en un mateix hàbitat, com per a una mateixa espècie sotmesa a diferents condicions ambientals. </i>
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Lilley, Patrick Ledford. "Determinants of native and exotic plant species diversity and composition in remnant oak savannas on southeastern Vancouver Island." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/243.
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Many regional and local factors can influence the distribution of native and exotic species in ecological communities. I examined the regional- and local-scale determinants of native and exotic vascular plant species richness and composition in a highly fragmented oak savanna ecosystem on southeastern Vancouver Island. In sharp contrast to most reported results, I found a negative relationship between native and exotic richness at the regional scale, and no relationship at the local scale. Two extrinsic factors, surrounding road density and climate, best explained the regional-scale relationship by each affecting natives and exotics in opposite ways. Road density and climate were also the dominant predictors of native and exotic composition at the regional scale. Patterns in the patch occupancy of individual species confirmed the importance of these factors but I found that low surrounding road densities and cool, wet conditions predicted the presence of many natives and the absence of many exotics. Environmental factors explained variation in richness and composition at the local scale, but these factors were different for natives and exotics. My results suggest that natives and exotics respond to roads and climate in fundamentally different ways. Roads increase both exotic propagule pressure and disturbance, which may facilitate exotic invasion. In contrast, disturbance from roads may increase the likelihood of local extinction for particular natives. Differing climatic preferences within the native and exotic species pools may also partially explain the observed patterns. There was no evidence that native diversity directly affects exotic diversity (or vice versa). Surprisingly, I found that connectivity was not an important predictor of richness or composition despite the high degree of habitat fragmentation in this ecosystem.
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Turkut, Engin. "Chemoenzymatic Synthesis Of Biologically Active Natural Products." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604854/index.pdf.
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Racemic metyhl 3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate was resolved via enzymatic hydrolysis to afford the enantiomerically enriched 3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid with PLE (S-configuration), HLE (S-configuration), CCL (S-configuration) and PPL (R-configuration) . The nucleoside&<br>#65533<br>s precursor, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-ol (19), was synthesized by iodolactonization, followed by iodine elimination and the reduction of the lactone.
In connection with this work, alpha,beta-unsaturated and saturated cyclic ketones were selectively oxidized on alpha'<br>- and alpha-positions using Mn(OAc)3 and Pb(OAc)4, respectively. The resultant racemic alpha'<br>- and alpha-acetoxylated substrates were resolved into corresponding enantiomerically enriched alpha'<br>- and alpha-hydroxylated and acetoxylated compounds via PLE hydrolysis.
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Bedford, Theresa Louise. "Red imported fire ant impact on native ants and litter removal in the post oak savannah of central Texas." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3770.
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I examined the impacts of the invasive red imported fire ant (RIFA, Solenopsis
invicta) on native ants (Monomorium minimum, Paratrechina sp., S. krockowi, Pheidole
metallescens, Forelius pruinosus, and Camponotus americanus) and litter removal in a
post oak savannah community in central Texas. The study site was divided into 3
adjacent areas, and ant-toxic bait was used, along with additional colonies of RIFA, to
establish 3 different densities of RIFA (naturally occurring, low, and high). I surveyed
the ants in the 3 density areas and calculated the catch per unit effort for each species.
Litter baits were placed in the 3 density areas for 14 12-hour trials. The masses of the
litter removed were measured, and means were calculated for each speciesdensity/
trial/date/period/bait combination. The average amounts of litter removed by
RIFA and native ant were different in the 3 density areas (0.42 g, 0.0 g, and 0.75 g for
RIFA in the natural RIFA density area, low RIFA density area, and high RIFA density
area, respectively; 0.0 g, 0.16 g, and 0.15 g for native ants in the natural RIFA density
area, low RIFA density area, and high RIFA density area, respectively), indicating that
RIFA does have an effect on native ant habitat use.
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McWilliams, Colin Shamus. "Reclamation potential of experimental oak mat and conventional natural gas drill pad construction techniques in a sagebrush steppe community." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/mcwilliams/McWilliamsC0508.pdf.
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Conventional cut-and-fill drill pad construction associated with natural gas production displaces existing plant communities and results in surface disturbances requiring extensive soil remediation and revegetation. At the Jonah natural gas field, Wyoming, use of an oak mat drilling platform placed atop the intact landscape was evaluated to facilitate drilling while minimizing disturbances to soil and plant resources. Concerns inherent to both techniques include adverse, long-term impacts to vegetation communities, soil compaction and soil physical and chemical characteristics. The percent change (%Δ) in grass density at oak mat removal areas (OMRA) (+37 %) was significantly greater than at cut-and-fill locations reclaimed pre-2005 (RCAF<05) (+16 %). Forb density %Δ at OMRA (+24 %) was significantly higher than at RCAF<05 locations (-86 %). At RCAF<05 locations 99 % of forb density was contributed by weedy forb species. This indicates that OMRA were more successful in promoting high grass density, maintaining forb populations and minimizing weedy forb components than RCAF<05 locations. RCAF<05 locations indicate an -84 %Δ in shrub density whereas OMRA indicate a -33 %Δ. Wyoming big sagebrush seedling density was highest at OMRA indicating that shrub density had a greater potential to recover there relative to RCAF<05 locations. Mean soil bulk density (Ïb) at OMRA had -3.0, +1.8 and +3.9 %Δ in depth increments between 0-30.5 cm. The mean Ïb at cut-and-fill locations reclaimed in 2005 or later (RCAF>or equal to 05) had +7.0, +10.9 and +11.7 %Δ in different depth increments between 0-45.7 cm. Using a Ïb range of 1.45-1.70 g/cm3 as an indicator of potential plant growth problems, Ïb exceeding 1.45 g/cm3 occured infrequently at OMRA compared to RCAF>or equal to 05 locations. RCAF>or equal to 05 locations had significant increases in %Δ soil saturated-paste extract ECe (+209 %), CaCO3 percentage (+48 %) and sand percentage (+16 %) compared to OMRA, presumably due to mixing of soil horizons. It is counterintuitive to expect that oak mats should alter physicochemical soil properties. Although limited to construction on slopes <or equal to 3 %, measured vegetation and soil characteristics indicated that the reclamation success of oak mat drill pads was greater than that obtained at reclaimed cut-and-fill locations.
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Schwemlein, Doug John. "Impacts of burn season and topographic position on the first year response of oak and red maple regeneration to prescribed fire in southern Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392714461.
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Freter, Victoria K. "Analyzing vertebrate movement in and around natural areas through road surveys." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1593019635236509.
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González, Tagle Marco Aurelio. "Fire history and natural succession after forest fires in pine-oak forests an investigation in the Ecological Park "Chipinque", Northeast Mexico /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/diss/2005/gonzalez_tagle.
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Shaffer, James D. "FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ESTABLISHMENT AND SURVIVAL OF NATIVE HARDWOOD TREE SEEDLINGS OF THE KENTUCKY INNER BLUEGRASS BLUE ASH-OAK SAVANNA-WOODLAND." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/biology_etds/15.
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Historically, the Kentucky Inner Bluegrass blue ash-oak savanna-woodland was the primary ecosystem of the Inner Bluegrass Region (IBR) of Kentucky. After European settlement, the majority (>99%) of Bluegrass savanna was converted to agricultural and urban land uses. Currently remnant savanna tree species are failing to recruit. Therefore, a long-term restoration ecology project researching competition and disturbance on seedling establishment, survival, and growth has been established at Griffith Woods (the largest remaining savanna in Kentucky) in Harrison Co., KY. Fourteen native hardwood tree species (a total of 6,168 seedlings) have been experimentally planted. Light, soil, surrounding vegetation, and herbivory, factors thought to influence seedling survival, have been initially assessed. Results show that soils differed spatially in P, Ca, Mg, Zn, pH, N percent and soil organic matter percent. Light was significantly reduced by diffusive filtering through vegetation. Vegetation biomass was influenced by pH and Mg. Initial seedling survival was high, but significantly differed by species type, location, and soil pH, Mg, and Zn. This research demonstrates that under a similar range of conditions, native hardwood tree seedling establishment is possible. Therefore, the potential exists to restore Bluegrass savanna-woodland in order to return proper ecological functioning into a degraded landscape.
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Chedik, Lisa. "Nature et conséquences des interactions entre transporteurs membranaires et pesticides." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B035/document.
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Les pyréthrinoïdes et les organophosphorés sont des pesticides très utilisés, à l’origine d’une imprégnation forte de la population, exposée à ces contaminants principalement via l’alimentation. De plus en plus d’études scientifiques suggèrent des liens entre l’exposition à ces composés et des maladies chroniques ou des troubles du développement de l’enfant. Paradoxalement, leur devenir biologique chez l’homme est mal connu. Certaines études suggèrent que ces insecticides sont susceptibles d’intéragir avec les transporteurs membranaires ABC et SLC, protéines localisées au niveau d’interfaces hémato-tissulaires qui prennent en charge de nombreux substrats endogènes, médicaments et contaminants de l’environnement. L’objectif de notre étude a été de caractériser les effets d’insecticides des familles des pyréthrinoïdes et des organophosphorés sur l’activité de nombreux transporteurs ABC et SLC prenant en charge des médicaments (P-gp, BCRP, MRPs, OATP-1B1,-2B1,-1B3, OCT1-3, OAT1, OAT3, MATE1 et MATE2K) par une approche in vitro. Nous nous sommes également attachés à caractériser par des expérimentations in vitro et in silico, les mécanismes des interactions et les éléments structuraux des pesticides à l’origine de ces effets. Nous avons montré que de nombreux organophosphorés et pyréthrinoïdes étaient capables d’inhiber des transporteurs d’efflux (MRP, BCRP, P-gp) et d’influx (OATP1B1, OAT3, MATE1, OCT1-2) et de stimuler l’activité de certains OATPs. Les pesticides testés inhibaient très fortement l’activité des transporteurs de cations (OCT1 et OCT2) et ont pu bloquer le transport de catécholamines médiés par ces protéines. Une approche qSAR a permis de définir des paramètres physicochimiques associés aux effets modulateurs des pesticides et une approche d’amarrage moléculaire (docking) a mise en évidence les sites de liaisons de la P-gp impliquées dans ces interactions. Les conséquences des modulations de l’activité des transporteurs, en termes d’effets toxiques et d’interactions médicamenteuses, restent à définir pour les populations exposées à de fortes doses de pesticides. Toutefois, la contribution des interactions observées aux effets toxiques de ces insecticides est peu probable car nécessitant des concentrations nettement supérieures à celles atteintes dans le cadre d’une exposition environnementale de la population générale<br>The general population is chronically exposed to pyrethroids and organophosphorus insecticides, mainly through alimentation. Several epidemiological studies have found an association between non-occupational exposure to these pesticides and chronic diseases and developmental disorders. Paradoxically, their biological fate in humans is poorly understood. Some studies suggest that these insecticides could interact with ABC and SLC membrane transporters. These membrane proteins, located at blood-tissue interfaces (liver, kidney, intestine ...), handle many endogenous substrates, drugs and pollutants. The objective of our study was to characterize, using an in vitro approach, the effects of pyrethroid and organophosphorus insecticides on the activity of numerous ABC and SLC human drug-transporters (P-gp, BCRP, MRPs, OATP-1B1, -2B1, -1B3, OCT1-3, OAT1, OAT3, MATE1 and MATE2K). We have also tried to analyze the mechanisms of interactions and the structural requirements for insecticides-mediated modulation of drug transporters activities using in vitro and in silico approach. We have shown that many organophosphorus and pyrethroids are able to inhibit ABC (MRP, BCRP, P-gp) and SLC (OATP1B1, OAT3, MATE1, OCT1-2) transporters and can stimulate the activity of some OATPs. Moreover, the tested pesticides inhibited very strongly the activity of OCT1 and OCT2 and blocked catecholamine transport mediated by these transporters. A qSAR approach allowed to define physicochemical parameters associated with the modulating effects of pesticides and a molecular docking approach revealed the P-gp binding sites involved in these interactions. The consequences of transporter activitie modulation, in terms of toxic effects and drug interactions, remain to be defined for populations exposed to high doses of pesticides, occurring notably in response to poisoning. However the alterations of these transporter activities by insecticides are unlikely to contribute to organophosphorus or pyrethroids toxicities of chronic low-dose exposure
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Schetter, Timothy Andrew. "A Multiscale Spatial Analysis of Oak Openings Plant Diversity with Implications for Conservation and Management." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1334089503.
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Tatsumi, Chikae. "Nitrogen cycling driven by soil microbial communities in exotic black locust plantations and native oak forests in the drylands of East Asia." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253313.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)<br>0048<br>新制・課程博士<br>博士(農学)<br>甲第22477号<br>農博第2381号<br>新制||農||1074(附属図書館)<br>学位論文||R2||N5257(農学部図書室)<br>京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻<br>(主査)准教授 舘野 隆之輔, 教授 北島 薫, 教授 德地 直子<br>学位規則第4条第1項該当
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McCarley, Billy J. "An Archaeological Survey at Oak Level Mound: Investigating Settlement Patterns and Intrasite Use During the Middle Mississippian Period (A.D. 1150-1350)." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/anthro_theses/72.
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This study is about a Middle Mississippian (A.D. 1150-1350) burial mound site known as Oak Level Mound. Located in the back swamps of Bryan County, Georgia 2.4 km south of the Ogeechee River, the site is situated amongst Live Oak hammocks and Palmettoes. The earthen architecture and material remains found at Oak Level Mound during the fall of 2012 and winter 2013 tell a tale of ancient people whose subsistence included oysters, snail, and nuts. Their daily practices are expressed in burial mounds and utilitarian and/or status goods, such as plain, cord-marked, and complicated-stamped pottery. This study, then, seeks to understand those daily practices taking place at Oak Level Mound between A.D. 1150 and A.D 1350, both locally and regionally.
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Jansson, Nicklas. "Habitat requirements and preservation of the beetle assemblages associated with hollow oaks." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Department of of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-18499.
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Kriska, David J. "Restoration of Black Oak (Quercus velutina) Sand Barrens via three different habitat management approaches." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1506811044845704.
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Anning, Alexander K. "Prescribed Fire and Thinning Effects on Tree Growth and Carbon Sequestration in Mixed-Oak Forests, Ohio, U.S.A." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1384948011.
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Langer, Marco. "The effect of native forest dynamics upon the arrangements of species in oak forests-analysis of heterogeneity effects at the example of epigeal arthropods." Bachelor's thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5558/.
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The heterogeneity in species assemblages of epigeal spiders was studied in a natural forest and in a managed forest. Additionally the effects of small-scale microhabitat heterogeneity of managed and unmanaged forests were determined by analysing the spider assemblages of three different microhabitat structures (i. vegetation, ii. dead wood. iii. litter cover). The spider were collected in a block design by pitfall traps (n=72) in a 4-week interval. To reveal key environmental factors affecting the spider distribution abiotic and biotic habitat parameters (e.g. vegetation parameters, climate parameters, soil moisture) were assessed around each pitfall trap. A TWINSPAN analyses separated pitfall traps from the natural forest from traps of the managed forest. A subsequent discriminant analyses revealed that the temperature, the visible sky, the plant diversity and the mean diameter at breast height as key discriminant factors between the microhabitat groupings designated by the TWINSPAN analyses. Finally a Redundant analysis (RDA) was done revealing similar environmental factors responsible for the spider species distribution, as a good separation of the different forest types as well as the separation of the microhabitat groupings from the TWINSPAN.
Overall the study revealed that the spider communities differed between the forest types as well as between the microhabitat structures and thus species distribution changed within a forest stand on a fine spatial scale. It was documented that the structure of managed forests affects the composition of spider assemblages compared to natural forests significantly and even small scale-heterogeneity seems to influence the spider species composition.<br>Um die Anpassungsfähigkeit von Organismen, bei sich ändernden Umweltbedingungen, sicher zu stellen, spielt die Erhaltung der Biologischen Vielfalt auf allen ökosystemaren Ebenen eine entscheidende Rolle. Eben diese Anpassungsfähigkeit kann durch waldbauliche Maßnahmen einschränkt werden, und zur Instabilität des Systems führen. Daher kommt der Untersuchung von aus der Nutzung genommenen Naturwaldzellen eine immer größere Bedeutung zu. Einerseits um die potentiell natürliche Diversität in Naturwäldern mit der in Wirtschaftswäldern zu vergleichen, andererseits um die ökologischen Zusammenhänge in einer natürlichen Waldentwicklung zu verstehen.
Ziel diese Studie war es eben diese natürlichen Waldynamiken auf das Artengefüge von Spinnen (Araneae) zu untersuchen. Dabei sollte Mithilfe eines experimentellen Fangdesigns, auch der kleinräumige Einfluss von Strukturheterogenität untersucht werden.
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Zmijewski, Kirk A. "Connecting the dots: Remote sensing of Glossy and Common Buckthorn (Frangula alnus and Rhamnus cathartica) in the Oak Openings Region of Northwest Ohio." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1365076682.
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Namora, Maria Joana Afonso Matos. "Princípios e aplicabilidade da silvicultura próxima da natureza a povoamentos florestais em Portugal." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/12980.
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A silvicultura próxima da natureza é apresentada neste trabalho como uma ferramenta de gestão orientada para produções periódicas e estabelecimento simultâneo de medidas de proteção e conservação do ecossistema de povoamentos de sobreiro. Não sendo um conceito novo, com aplicações em diversas partes do mundo, tem evoluído em função das necessidades da sociedade.
De forma a maximizar este desafio, tornou-se necessário adotar um sistema de cortes e regeneração natural, com manutenção de uma cobertura contínua, baseado na irregularidade da estrutura com 2 a 4 coortes. Esta é uma abordagem holística, multifuncional e integrada, com utilização de métodos de controlo por automação biológica, que contribui para a biodiversidade.
Utiliza-se um sistema de escolha livre de cortes, justificado por interações desde o solo até às copas. A sua aplicação foi efetuada com o simulador SUBERv5.0, estimando-se o crescimento e produtividade para 2 ciclos de produção de 120 anos; Principles and applicability of close to nature silviculture to forest stands in Portugal
ABSTRACT:
The close to nature silviculture is presented in this work as a management tool focused on periodic productions and simultaneous establishment of measures to protect and conserve the ecosystem of cork oak stands. Although not a new concept, with applications in several parts of the world, it has evolved according to the needs of society.
In order to maximize this challenge it was necessary to adopt a system of cuts and natural regeneration, which maintained a continuous cover, based on the structure irregularity, with 2 to 4 cohorts. This is a holistic, multi-functional integrated approach, using control methods by biological automation that contributes to biodiversity.
It uses a system of free choice of cuts, justified by interactions from the ground to the treetops. Its application was made with the simulator SUBERv5.0, estimating growth and yield for 2 production cycles of 120 years.
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Melin, Emelie. "The impact of tree size, sun exposure and geographical position on the species richness of epiphytic lichens associated with coarse oak trees in southern Sweden." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Biologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-148528.
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Felling of old trees as well as changes in land use and management of wooded pastures has led to the decline of biodiversity associated with old deciduous trees in Europe. This also applies to Sweden’s most species rich tree, the oak tree (Quercus robur), which changes with age and develops, for example, a rougher bark structure, deeper bark fissures and cavities. These give rise to several different microhabitats that favor the presence of lichens, mosses and wood-dependent organisms. To preserve the biodiversity, environmental conditions linked to a high diversity need to be identified and described, of which indicator species are a simplified way of measuring diversity. Epiphytic lichens are well-used indicators of environmental conditions because of their habitat specificity, longevity and sensitivity to air quality and humidity. In this study, the impact of regional (latitude, longitude and dominated landscape) and local (diameter and sun exposure) environmental variables on species richness and occurrence of epiphytic lichens on coarse oak trees (Quercus robur) were analyzed in meadows and pastures in southern Sweden with generalized linear models (GLM). A total number of 2346 oak trees were included in the study, of which about 47 % had presence of at least one of the studied lichen species. All environmental variables demonstrated significant effects on species richness, of which the regional had the greatest effect. Also with the species-specific analyses the same effect of the regional variables was found, while single species showed different requirements for the local factors. The results indicate that global warming may move the Swedish species composition more to the Northeast and that increased homogenization of the landscape may threaten the diversity attached to oaks. The results also demonstrate the importance of preserving a varied landscape with trees of different sizes, ages and different levels of sun exposure to accommodate a greater diversity of epiphytic species, but also other species linked to oak trees.
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Sjöberg, Frida. "Development of an energy dense, protein enriched oat-based yogurt." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-66941.
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As of today, there is a challenge amongst the elderly to get the energy they need. Malnutrition is a fact for too many and protein is one of the most common deficiencies among macronutrients in this age group. Another group, also in the need of extra energy and protein, are those with a higher level of physical activity. Aventure AB in Lund, Sweden, has earlier developed an “in between meal beverage”, based on oats, with high energy and protein content called “Skaka & Smaka”. This beverage has with promising results been distributed to selected hospitals in Sweden as a pilot-trial. As an expansion of this product, Aventure wanted to create an oat-based, energy dense stirred yogurt. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of addition of different protein sources to create an energy dense stirred yogurt with good texture and a balance of macronutrients. Four different types of protein sources were, separately or in combination, added to the original recipe of “Skaka & Smaka” (without added flavour), after which it was fermented and evaluated regarding sensory and physio-chemical properties. Three different fruit purée mixtures were added separately to the fermented oat-base in different proportions and evaluated by taste, color and flavour intensity. Salt concentration was adjusted and two final products were developed and evaluated through a sensory consumer test, at two different retirement homes in Hässleholm, Sweden. To measure the participants opinions a 9-point hedonic scale was used and attributes evaluated were first impression, color, taste, consistency, thickness, spoonability and total impression. All of the 11 individuals who participated were at the age of 75 and over, where of 2 were men and 9 were women. The proportions of added protein in the two final products were 10% casein and 90% whey. The two selected fruit purées, “skogen” and “havet”, were added in the concentration of 30%. The addition of salt was increased with 100%, resulting in a final concentration of 0.08 g per 100 grams. The sensory analysis revealed no statistical significance between any of the related attributes of the two yogurts. The attribute most important for general liking was taste, followed by texture and color. Seven individuals (64%) said they could consume this kind of product a few times a week and all participants thought that there was a need for this kind of product. The two yogurts developed in this project, “skogen” and “havet”, and the concept behind them seem to have good potential for consumer liking, though further development of taste and texture is needed.<br>Som det ser ut idag så finns det en utmaning bland de äldre att få i sig den energi de behöver. Undernäring är ett faktum för allt för många och protein är en av de vanligaste bristerna bland makronäringsämnena inom denna åldersgrupp. En annan grupp som också är i behov av extra energi och protein är de med en hög fysisk aktivitetsnivå. Aventure AB i Lund, Sverige, har tidigare utvecklat en mellanmåls dryck, baserad på havre, med ett högt energi- och proteininnehåll, kallad ”Skaka & Smaka”. Denna dryck har i ett pilot försök och med lovande resultat distribuerats till flertalet utvalda sjukhus i Sverige. Som en vidareutveckling av denna produkt ville Aventure skapa en havrebaserad, energität, rörd yoghurt. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka geomförbarheten i tillsättning av olika proteinkällor för att skapa en energität, rörd yoghurt med bra konsistens och en balans av makronäringsämnen. Fyra olika typer av proteinkällor tillsattes, separat eller i kombination, till originalreceptet för ”Skaka & Smaka” (utan tillsatt smak), vartefter blandningen fermenterades och utvärderades utifrån sensoriska och fysio-kemikaliska egenskaper. Tre olika fruktpurée blandningar tillsattes separat till den fermenterade havrebasen i olika proportioner och utvärderades utifrån smak, färg och smakintensitet. Saltkoncentrationen justerades och två slutliga produkter utvecklades och utvärderades genom ett sensoriskt konsumenttest, vid två olika äldreboenden i Hässleholm, Sverige. För att mäta deltagarnas åsikter användes en 9-punkt hedonisk skala och de attribut som utvärderades var första intryck, färg, smak, konsistens, tjockhet, skedbarhet och totalt intryck. Alla de 11 individer som deltog var av ålder 75 och över, varav två var män och nio var kvinnor. Proportionerna av tillsatt protein i de två slutliga produkterna var 10% kasein och 90% vassle. De två valda fruktpuréerna, ”skogen” och ”havet”, tillsattes i en koncentration på 30%. Tillsatsen av salt ökades med 100%, vilket resulterade i en slutlig koncentration på 0.08g per 100 gram. Den sensoriska analysen visade inte på någon statistisk signifikant skillnad mellan de relaterade attributen för de två olika yoghurtarna. Attributen som var av störst vikt för generellt tycke var smak, följt av konsistens och färg. Sju individer (64%) sa att de kunde konsumera en produkt som denna ett par gånger i veckan och alla deltagande tyckte att det fanns ett behov av en produkt som denna. De två yoghurtarna som utvecklades i detta projekt, ”skogen” och ”havet”, och det bakomliggande konceptet tycks ha god potential bland konsumenter, men vidare utveckling av smak och konsistens är nödvändigt.
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Lorensen, Jared. "Use of cutoff channels by fishes in the Verdigris River, OK." Click HERE to connect, 2009. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/Lorensen_okstate_0664M_10331.pdf.
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Isberg, Julia, and Anna Åkers. "Utanverken - en oas mitt i staden : en enkätundersökning om upplevelsekaraktärer, kulturella ekosystemtjänster och utveckling i Utanverken, Kristianstad." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-18843.
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I dagsläget finns ett stort behov av exploatering för nya bostäder och förtätning i många svenska städer. Bra boende - och livsmiljöer innefattar ofta en närhet till grönområden. Utanverken i Kristianstad, Skåne län, är ett grönområde med höga natur - och kulturvärden. Omkring området planeras en stor exploatering av bostäder vilket betyder att grönområdet är viktigt för staden. Genom grönområden kan olika upplevelsekaraktärer upplevas och olika kulturella ekosystemtjänster tas ut. Dessa karaktärer och tjänster är en viktig hälsoaspekt för människan. För att ta reda på vilka upplevelsekaraktärer och kulturella ekosystemtjänster som upplevs och utnyttjas av de boende omkring undersökningsområdet idag genomfördes en enkätundersökning. Resultatet visar att det finns karaktärer och tjänster som upplevs och utnyttjas mer än andra. Däremot finns det meningsskiljaktigheter kring utveckling av undersökningsområdet mellan olika grupper av de boende. För att tillgodose dagens och framtidens invånares önskningar bör det alltid föras en dialog mellan beslutsfattare och invånare. Vid planering av grönområden bör det även tas i beaktande över vilka funktioner dessa bör innehålla för att främja speciella upplevelsekaraktärer och kulturella ekosystemtjänster för skapandet av bra boendemiljöer i urbana områden.
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Nasef, Omar. "Walkability assessment using GIS-MCDA : A case study of two counties Gävle and Uppsala in Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36752.
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Walkability is the measure of walking comfortably in the urban environment, based on numerous parameters, including traversability, compactness, attractiveness, and safety. Recently, walkability has become a significant key to well-being quality in the urban environment through enhancement of the walking environment, including filling spaces with life, promoting sustainability, and attracting people for exercise. The walkable environment’s design and planning have been focused of attention because of its numerous benefits in various aspects, such as improvement of social life, sustainability, public health, and economy. Therefore, there is a crucial need to do more research to increase the understanding of walkability in the urban environment. There are different factors that affect the level of walkability in the built environment. Subsequently, using a geographic information system (GIS) together with multi-criteria decision-making and analysis (MCDA) is an efficient method for walkability analysis. Space syntax and its application can also serve as a critical factor in walkability assessment by evaluating the number of connections for each route. The validity of this analysis model was tested in two study cases. These cases covered two municipalities in Sweden that differ in many aspects, including size, number of roads, and public density; these are Gävle and Uppsala. Furthermore, the MCDA model was integrated with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and eight factors were selected based on their relative importance to the walkability assessment. The generated factor maps were set based on the widely implemented criteria of walkability, otherwise known as the 5Cs, which is developed by Transport for London (TFL). The 5Cs consists of connectivity, comfort, convenience, conviviality, and conspicuousness. The density of connections for each route was derived using natural streets based on the space syntax approach. The natural street map was used as the main map that incorporated all factors, after their derivation and normalization of their values. The final produced AHP-based maps were classified into three walkability classes representing routes with low to high levels of walkability. The One Factor At-time sensitivity analysis technique (OAT) was also applied to the GIS-MCDA model to analyse the uncertainty that can occur based on different reasons such as human error and weighting uncertainty.
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Morman, Alaina M. "United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: Understanding the Applicability in the Native American Context." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1439561893.
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Blyth, Lauren Harris. "The Importance of Habitat Heterogeneity in Understanding the Effect of Forest Management Practices on Salamanders." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1417685762.
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Koller, Stefan [Verfasser], Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Brüggemann, and Imke [Akademischer Betreuer] Schmitt. "Ecophysiological monitoring of native and foreign oaks in Central Europe, introduced in the framework of proactive climate change mitigation / Stefan Koller. Betreuer: Wolfgang Brüggemann. Gutachter: Wolfgang Brüggemann ; Imke Schmitt." Frankfurt am Main : Univ.-Bibliothek Frankfurt am Main, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1077557698/34.
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Hollen, Jennifer Windom. "Bat diversity, activity, and habitat use in a mixed disturbance landscape." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1498765592627811.
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Sigfridsson, Sabine. "The role of midfield islets in pest control." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi och kvartärgeologi (INK), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-88404.
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During last century rising populations and changed market preferences have led to large structuralchanges in agriculture in the developed world. Most conventional cultivation methods involve theproduction of few monoculture crops within a homogenous landscape, where pesticides and inorganicfertilizers are used to increase yields. The cereal aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) is a pest in cerealsresulting in large economic losses for farmers throughout Europe, and are currently removed withchemical pest control. However, the pesticides also affect existing ecosystem services like potentiallypest-controlling insects as well as the surrounding environment negatively. According to previousstudies higher landscape diversity leads to a higher diversity of natural enemies to pest insects, but nostudy has investigated if the pest control is enhanced around non-crop remnants such as midfield islets(MI). This thesis investigates (i) if MI will reduce the number of aphids in crop field, (ii) if larger MIwill be more effective than smaller MI by having higher aphid predation rate, and (iii) if larger MI willprovide a more effective reduction of pest insects over a longer distance from edge. To assess thepotential for pest control, aphids were glued on papers and placed at ground level in crop fields andaround MI in nine fields. The collected data was processed statistically, and the result demonstratesthat MI play an important role by providing habitats for natural enemies to pests. The increased size ofMI have a positive effect of number of aphids consumed around MI, however the distance from edgewas not significance. This study highlights the value of MI in crop fields as an existing ecosystemservice in biological pest control. The naturally occurring predators are able to reduce R.padi andthereby minimize the need for insecticide applications.<br>Ökat befolkningstryck och större efterfrågan av jordbruksprodukter på marknaden har det senasteseklet lett till stora förändringar i västvärldens jordbrukslandskap. Odlingslandskapet är idaghomogent och monokulturellt där besprutningsmedel används för att ge större avkastning iproduktionen. Skadeinsekten havrebladlus (Rhopalosiphum padi) angriper vårgrödor vilket leder tillstora ekonomiska förluster för bönder runtom i Europa. Pesticider används för att reducera angreppenmen påverkar även miljön negativt samt existerande ekosystemtjänster, såsom naturliga fiender sombiologiskt kan begränsa skadeinsekters angrepp. Tidigare studier visar att heterogena landskap har enhög biologisk mångfald, men ingen studie har undersökt åkerholmars (ÅH) eventuella potential förbiologisk bekämpning av skadeinsekter i säd. Denna studie undersöker därför (i) om ÅH leder tillökad reducering av havrebladlöss i säd, (ii) om större ÅH är mer effektiva än mindre i frågan ompestreducering, samt (iii) om större ÅH begränsar lusangrepp längre ut i fält från ÅH:s kant än mindreholmar. Studiens hypoteser testades genom experiment utförda i nio fält med vårgrödor där lössklistrades på etiketter som placerades ut i omgivande fält. Dessa samlades in efter tjugo fyra timmarför att studera antal löss konsumerade i relation till ÅH. Det insamlade materialet är bearbetatstatistiskt och resultatet visar att ÅH spelar en betydande ekologisk roll för naturliga fiender tillskadeinsekten havrebladlus. Fler löss konsumerades runt större ÅH än de med mindre yta eller i de fältutan ÅH. Däremot har avståndet från ÅH en mindre betydelse, vilket indikerar att pestreduceringen ärmest effektiv nära stora ÅH. Denna studie synliggör värdet av existerande ÅH som inhysernyttoinsekter i jordbrukslandskapet, samt att heterogena landskap har högre potential för en mernaturlig skadedjursbekämpning. Naturliga fiender är därmed en existerande ekosystemtjänst som kanbegränsa bladlusangreppen (R.padi), som i sin tur ger möjligheten att reducera användandet avbekämpningsmedel, vilket för oss närmare miljömålet ”en giftfri miljö”.
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Borelli, Simone. "Natural Regeneration of Oak Woodlands in Southeastern Arizona." 1990. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1990_262_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Winsome, Thaïs. "Native and exotic earthworms in a California oak savanna ecosystem." 2003. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/winsome%5Fthais%5F200308%5Fphd.
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Birchenko, Inna V. "Genetic diversity of native Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) populations." 2008. http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-07172008-140420/.
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González, Tagle Marco Aurelio. "Fire History and Natural Succession after Forest Fires in Pine-Oak Forest:." Doctoral thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B169-5.
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Barrioz, Seth A. "Oak Savanna Restoration and Management in the Mid-South." 2010. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/602.
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Oak savannas are among the most imperiled ecosystems in the United States as a result of habitat degradation and consequently, associated vegetation and wildlife communities have also declined. I evaluated savanna restoration strategies on twelve case studies in Tennessee and Kentucky. These case studies represented a broad range of disturbances and the most advanced savanna restoration sites within the region. I evaluated vegetation and breeding bird responses to landscape and overstory conditions across sites through a meta-analysis. Total grass and forb cover were influenced by overstory metrics but not by topography (P >0.05). Oak regeneration density was influenced by canopy cover, while oak competitor regeneration density was influenced by percent slope and sapling density (P <0.05). With respect to breeding birds, I found forest species persisted within case studies despite substantial disturbance; shrub/scrub birds were common on disturbed sites. Only three obligate grassland bird species, Tyrannus tyrannus, Aimophila aestivalis, Spiza americana, were observed on my sites. Relative abundance of Passerina cyanea was positively related to the groundlayer development; whereas that of Melanerpes erythrocephalus was positively related to basal area of dead trees (P <0.05). Based on my results, canopy reduction and growing-season burns may both be critical for the restoration of savannas within the region. Drum-chopping is a tool that may expedite oak savanna restoration through improved woody competition control, however, its effectiveness has not been investigated. Therefore, I evaluated drum-chopping effects on vegetative structure at Catoosa Wildlife Management Area, Tennessee, during 2008 and 2009 using two adjacent sites with similar fire and overstory removal histories. One site was subjected to drum-chopping in September of 2007, while an adjacent site (control) was not chopped. Drum-chopping reduced grass and forb cover, and oak seedling density, but increased bare ground and density of vines and shrubs versus the control (P <0.05). Except for bare ground, differences were no longer apparent in the second year. Based on my results, drum chopping may reduce midstory vegetation too thick to be effectively controlled by fire, but otherwise has limited utility as a restoration tool. Although wildlife managers have tried to restore savannas using prescribed fire and overstory canopy removal, use of other tools may be warranted. One such method is drum-chopping, which has been used elsewhere to reduce woody competition. However, the effectiveness of this method in restoring oak savannas has not been evaluated. Therefore, I evaluated drum-chopping effects on plant composition at Catoosa Wildlife Management Area on the Cumberland Plateau in Tennessee. Two adjacent sites with similar fire and overstory removal histories were selected for this study. One of these sites was subjected to drum-chopping (CHOP) in September of 2007, the adjacent site was not chopped (NOCHOP). Grass cover differed by treatment (P <0.01) and year*treatment (P = 0.03). Forb cover differed by treatment (P <0.01) and legume cover differed by year (P <0.01), treatment (P <0.01), and year*treatment (P = 0.01). Exposed bare ground differed by year (P <0.01) and treatment (P <0.01). Exposed leaf litter differed by year (P <0.01). Vines and shrubs (<1.37m tall) differed by treatment (P <0.01). Oak seedling (0-30.48 cm tall) densities differed by treatment (P = 0.05). Based on my results, drum chopping may be a valuable tool where woody encroachment has become too thick for fire to be effective or herbicides are not a viable option, but otherwise has limited utility as a tool for oak savanna restoration.