Journal articles: 'Oak Oak Oak Nature Nature Nature'

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Larimore, Richard L., Loy R. Phillippe, and John E. Ebinger. "Vascular Flora of Middle Fork Woods Nature Preserve." Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 38, no. 1-6 (2008): 177–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.inhs.v38.116.

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The vascular flora of Middle Fork Woods Nature Preserve, Vermilion County, Illinois, was studied during the growing seasons of 1999–2002. A total of 376 species were found: 12 ferns, fern-allies, and gymnosperms; 99 monocots; and 265 dicots. The three families with the largest number of species were the Poaceae (44), Asteraceae (39), and Cyperaceae (34, 29 of which were members of the genus Carex). The overstory and woody understory of six forest communities were surveyed: a mature second growth dry-mesic upland forest dominated by Quercus alba (white oak) and Q. velutina (black oak); an old growth, dry-mesic savanna dominated by Q. alba with a dense understory of Acer saccharum (sugar maple); SW-facing and NE-facing forested slopes of a mesic ravine, both dominated by A. saccharum and Q. alba; a southern flatwood forest/ ephemeral pond community dominated by Q. bicolor (swamp white oak); and an immature second growth dry-mesic upland forest dominated by Q. alba and Carya ovata (shagbark hickory). Ground layer plants were surveyed in spring and fall in the dry-mesic upland forest communities, and for each species the relative cover, relative frequency, and importance values were determined. The preserve, comprised mostly of oak-hickory forest communities, was found to be in relatively good ecological condition. Mature and maturing second-growth oaks were present throughout much of the preserve. Sugar maples dominated the understory and, along with the dense overstory, were apparently limiting oak regeneration. The non-natives Lonicera spp. (bush honeysuckles), Elaeagnus umbellata (autumn olive), Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard), and the native sugar maple, will continue to need to be controlled. Prescribed fire is recommended to limit populations of these species.

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Cedro, Anna. "Tree-Ring Chronologies of Downy Oak (Quercus Pubescens), Pedunculate Oak (Q. Robur) and Sessile Oak (Q. Petraea) in the Bielinek Nature Reserve: Comparison of the Climatic Determinants of Tree-Ring Width." Geochronometria 26, no. -1 (2007): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10003-007-0005-2.

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Tree-Ring Chronologies of Downy Oak (Quercus Pubescens), Pedunculate Oak (Q. Robur) and Sessile Oak (Q. Petraea) in the Bielinek Nature Reserve: Comparison of the Climatic Determinants of Tree-Ring WidthIn 2004-2006, 50 trees of downy oak (Quercus pubescens), pedunculate oak (Q. robur) and sessile oak (Q. petraea) were sampled in the Bielinek Nature Reserve. The following chronologies were established from their tree-ring series: OMS of 212 years (1793-2004) for downy oaks well as D10 of 183 years (1817-1999) and D13 of 211 years (1789-1999) for the two indigenous oak species pedunculate and sessile oak, respectively. These chronologies were used for signature years and response function analyses. All three chronologies were highly similar, which points to identical responses to the ambient meteorological conditions. The radial increment of downy oak depends primarily on the amount of precipitation. A high annual sum of precipitation, copious rain in spring-summer in particular, results in wide tree rings. Precipitation in form of rain and snow in winter, too, enhance tree growth by raising the groundwater level and improving the water supply in the habitat during the subsequent spring. Droughts in spring and summer, coupled with high air temperature, result in narrow rings. The tree-ring width/climate relationships at the two indigenous oak species are very similar to those of downy oak. Responses are, however, more distinct and with a higher statistical significance.

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Rohner, Brigitte, Harald Bugmann, Peter Brang, Jan Wunder, and Christof Bigler. "Eichenrückgang in Schweizer Naturwaldreservaten." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 164, no. 11 (2013): 328–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2013.0328.

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Oak decline in Swiss natural forest reserves Knowledge on the natural potential of oaks (Quercus spp.) in Switzerland is important for both nature conservation and adaptation to climate change. To assess this natural potential, we analysed tree ring and inventory data collected in Swiss natural forest reserves. Influences of monthly climate variables on oak growth were determined by response functions, whereas generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to identify the influence of climate and site variables on oak mortality. Oak growth was most strongly limited by summer precipitation. Oak mortality reached values between 0% and 25% per year for the individual inventory period; it decreased with tree diameter and increased with stand basal area and mean precipitation during the inventory period. Because stand basal area has continuously increased since the first inventory, the oak proportion decreased in most reserves. In increasingly dense stands, oaks were outcompeted by more shade-tolerant species such as beech. For the investigated sites, a gain of relative competitiveness of oaks in the course of ongoing climate change was not evident. Regarding the preservation of oak proportions in managed forests, protection measures should therefore still be combined with targeted interventions for reducing the competitive pressure.

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Packard, Steve. "Restoring Oak Ecosystems." Ecological Restoration 11, no. 1 (1993): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.11.1.5.

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Hobbs, Tracy, and Truman P. Young. "Growing Valley Oak." Ecological Restoration 19, no. 3 (2001): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.19.3.165.

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Rizun, Volodymyr. "Forests carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) communities of the «Prypiat-Stokhid» National Nature Park." Proceedings of the State Natural History Museum, no. 36 (December 10, 2020): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.36885/nzdpm.2020.36.171-180.

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Carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) communities of the «Prypiat-Stokhid» National Nature Park have been investigated in five types of forest in 2006 with using pitfall Barber traps method. 49 species from 25 genuses were registered. The highest carabid catchability were observed in wet alder and fresh hornbeam-oak forests and the lowest in dry pine and fresh oak-pine forests. Generally 4 carabid species prevailed: Pterostichus oblongopunctatus, Carabus hortensis, Oxypselaphus obscurus, Pterostichus niger. In the dry pine forest prevailed: Syntomus truncatellus, Broscus cephalotes, Harpalus flavescens, Pterostichus strenuus, Calathus erratus, Oodes helopioides. In the fresh oak-pine forest prevailed: Pterostichus oblongopunctatus, Agonum duftschmidi, Carabus violaceus, C. hortensis, Oodes helopioides, Pterostichus minor, P. niger. In the fresh hornbeam-oak forest prevailed: Pterostichus oblongopunctatus, Carabus hortensis, Oxypselaphus obscurus, Pterostichus niger, P. Nigrita. In the wet oak-pine forest prevailed: Pterostichus oblongopunctatus, Oxypselaphus obscurus, Pterostichus niger, Epaphius secalis, Pterostichus rhaeticus, Carabus arcensis, Pterostichus minor. In the wet alder forest prevailed: Pterostichus oblongopunctatus, Carabus hortensis, Oxypselaphus obscurus, Pterostichus niger, P. melanarius.

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Simpson, Thomas B. "Management Techniques to Stimulate Oak Reproduction in Midwestern Oak Savanna Landscapes." Natural Areas Journal 39, no. 4 (2019): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3375/043.039.0402.

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Rodriguez-Trejo, D. A., and R. L. Myers. "Using Oak Characteristics to Guide Fire Regime Restoration in Mexican Pine-Oak and Oak Forests." Ecological Restoration 28, no. 3 (2010): 304–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.28.3.304.

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Ponomarenko, O. L., and M. V. Shulman. "Influence of seasonal climatic factors on the dynamics of birds interactions with oaks consortia." Ecology and Noospherology 30, no. 2 (2019): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/031915.

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The article is devoted to the bird communities in individual oak consortia (Quercus robur L.) of the linden-ash oak forests. This work material was collected during different seasons of the 2004–2010 years in a linden-ash oak grove on the test plot No. 209 of the ecological profile of the NSC «Bel'gard Prisamar`e International Biospheric stationary», Novomoskovsk district, Dnepropetrovsk region. The individual consortia of 281 examples of three age conditions oak trees (virgins – virg, young generative – gl, mature and old generative individuals – g2–g3) has been investigated. The daily time budget decreases by 2–2,5 times in autumn for all oak ages that have been studied. But the number of consort birds is reduced by 2 times only for virgin and old generative oaks. The young generative oak is attractive enough for birds in autumn. The ratio of the trophic and topical share interactions for all trees ages does not change significantly in autumn. Birds don’t interact with the virgin oak in winter practically. This age oak can’t propose enough food or places for birds’ protection from predators. Oaks in age g1–g3, on the contrary, are in demand by the birds. There 7 birds species on g1 oaks and 13 species on g2–g3 oaks were recorded in winter. The birds’ daily time buds for the one oak example are low in winter, and by the 90 times reduce compared with the summer. The bird time budget basis in winter are the trophic interactions. The birds’ activity on oak sharply increases in spring and exceeds 1,5–2 times the summer parameters on virgin and mature generative oak (g2–g3). Birds on oak spend most of their time on topical interactions during this season because of the oak important role in the birds reproduction. On the other hand, the young generative oak (g1) is not in demand by the birds in spring because of insufficient crown density and the oaks of this age location at the edge. The number of bird species on oak in spring is less than in summer due to the late onset of leaf blooming on the oak. A significant part of the birds’ activity in the spring moves to the lower tier of the forest because of the earlier vegetation beginning. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the consorting groups of common oak throughout the year retain the main features of their organization. The virgin oak is characterized by a stochastic nature of the birds interaction with the consortium core and almost hasn’t obligate consort birds. Young generative oak is actively forming a trophic relations system with consorts due to intensive linear growth. At this age, first of all, general indicators are formed – time and mass budgets. The consortium of mature and old generative oak has a significantly larger number of bird species consorts and their interactions diversity with the tree. This can help to increase the stability of consorting groups. In most cases in the oak consortium the trophic component of the consortium form earlier then the topical. The specific location of the virgin and young generative oak at the lit positions in the lime-ash oak forests influences the oak consortia formation in a considerable scale. The number of types of interactions between the consort and the autotroph is the most effective indicator, which shows a high level of the consortium development. The stability of consortial relations between birds and English oak grows throughout the year from virgin oak to mature and old generative. The virgin oak unstable consorting groups have fluctuations of the species number during the year up to 100 % (the number of consort species in summer was chosen as the initial value). The consortia species composition fluctuations reach 81,82 % for young generative oak, and 59,26 % – for mature and old generative oak. The mature and old generative oak consortia attract seasonal bird species that replace each other throughout the year more actively. This ensures the stability of year-round control of phytophage populations.

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Horodecki, Paweł, Katarzyna Wiczyńska, and Andrzej M. Jagodziński. "Natural regeneration in the ‘Czmoń’ nature reserve (Wielkopolska Region)." Forest Research Papers 75, no. 1 (2014): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/frp-2014-0007.

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Abstract The ‘Czmoń’ nature reserve (23.65 ha) was established in 1998 to protect one of the best-retained areas of natural oak-hornbeam forest (Galio-Carpinetum) in the center of the Wielkopolska Region. Apart from oak-hornbeam forest, the ash-elm riparian forest (Querco-Ulmetum) and alder riparian forest (Fraxino-Alnetum) are found in the reserve. These plant communities, both natural and degenerated as a consequence of previous forest management, have created the convenient conditions for assessment the phytocoenoses’ regeneration potential. The aim of this study was to assess the age and species structure of woody species natural regeneration of the whole area of the nature reserve. To achieve that target, during August and September 2012, 142 sample plots were established with the total area 3550 m2 on which tree and shrub composition and densities were calculated. Woody species regeneration created various diverse communities among individual sub-units, however oak-hornbeam forest species were predominant in the whole regeneration layer. The character of a ‘natural’ forest was retained on a part of the stands. Moreover, regeneration in degenerated parts of the ‘Czmoń’ nature reserve stands is changing according to potential vegetation. Whereas, the establishment of gaps in the Scots pine stands using artificial regeneration was not worthwhile. The natural regeneration structure under the canopy layer of Scots pine stands unambiguously supports the claim that phytocoenoses can regenerate on their own. In spite of the oak regeneration being infrequent, all stands within the ‘Czmoń’ nature reserve retain substantial rejuvenation potential

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Jurkšienė, Girmantė, Oleg Yu Baranov, Dmitry I. Kagan, Olja A. Kovalevič-Razumova, and Virgilijus Baliuckas. "Genetic diversity and differentiation of pedunculate (Quercus robur) and sessile (Q. petraea) oaks." Journal of Forestry Research 31, no. 6 (2019): 2445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11676-019-01043-3.

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Abstract This study was conducted to determine the parent–offspring genetic structure of the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.), sessile oak (Q. petraea [Matt.] Liebl.) and their hybrids. Forty half-sib Quercus families and their maternal trees originating from one tree stand in southern Lithuania were analyzed using SSR and RAPD markers. Based on a preliminary study of leaf morphological traits, the individuals separated into six groups. The studied half-sib oak families were also compared for allelic diversity, including group variations; genotypic structure; genetic diversity; and the degree of genetic subdivision and differentiation. The level of genetic variation and subdivision was lower in the hybrid families than in the families of the parental species. Genotypic analysis of the half-sibling offspring showed the asymmetric nature of interspecific hybridization processes of pedunculate and sessile oaks in mixed stands.

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Kromroy, Kathryn W., Jennifer Juzwik, Paul Castillo, and Mark H. Hansen. "Using Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis Data to Estimate Regional Oak Decline and Oak Mortality." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 25, no. 1 (2008): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/25.1.17.

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Abstract Damage and mortality data are collected as part of the US Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) ongoing assessments of the nation's timberlands. The usefulness and value of FIA tree data in assessing historical levels of oak decline and oak mortality were investigatedfor seven Midwestern states. The data were collected during two periodic inventories conducted between the early 1970s and the mid-1990s. One-tenth to one-third of the oak trees had decline-associated damage in a given inventory, but no trends over time were apparent across the states. Thepercentages of dead trees ranged from less than 1 to 11 across all inventories and states; mortality was higher in the late inventory than the early inventory for all states. This is the first reported attempt to quantify oak decline across the Midwestern Region and it was accomplished using FIA tree data. The major concerns of the approach used are the subjective nature of the damage codes used to tabulate declining oaks and the inconsistencies and inherent subjectivities in the FIA recorded codes. The major drawback for non-FIA researchers is the time required to understand the intricacies of the FIA system.

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Csépányi, Péter, and Attila Csór. "Economic Assessment of European Beech and Turkey Oak Stands with Close-to-Nature Forest Management." Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica 13, no. 1 (2017): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aslh-2017-0001.

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AbstractThe paper analyses the complex economic models of continuous cover forestry based on the ‘Dauerwald’ principles in the early transformation period and in the traditional rotation system both in European beech (Fagus sylvaticaL.) and Turkey oak (Quercus cerrisL.) stands in central Hungarian study sites. The analysis was carried out on both the stand and estate-levels, and the performances were compared as well. We found that continuous cover forest management (CCF) can achieve at least the same economic efficiency as traditional rotation forest management (RF) in both beech and in Turkey oak stands. The regeneration problems occurring in poor quality sites in Turkey oak stands made visible the economic differences between the two management systems investigated.

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Кружилин, С. Н., Т. Ю. Баранова, and А. А. Багдасарян. "Current state and longevity forecast of oak trees in the Gornensky State Nature Reserve." World Ecology Journal, no. 1() (March 15, 2020): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25726/worldjournals.pro/wej.2020.1.1.

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Государственный природный заказник "Горненский", расположенный в центральной части Ростовской области, являясь особо охраняемой природной территорией областного значения, имеет уникальные объекты, представленные искусственно созданными лесными насаждениями дуба черешчатого (Quercus robur L.). В современном лесном хозяйстве черноземной зоны дуб черешчатый продолжает занимать лидирующие позиции по хозяйственному значению. Большое внимание при выращивании леса уделяется продуктивности. Насаждения, устойчивые насаждение к болезням, вредителям и неблагоприятным природным явлениям, всегда являются продуктивными и имеют большой показатель запаса древесины на единицу площади. Усыхание дубрав в последние годы становится актуальной проблемой. Основными факторами этих процессов являются повреждения вредителями и инфекционными заболеваниями. Повышению устойчивости деревьев дуба черешчатого в насаждениях способствуют своевременные рубки ухода. Авторы провели анализ посадок дуба черешчатого, сформированных с участием основной сопутствующей породы – клена остролистного. Исследовано 2 варианта лесных культур дуба в условиях сухой дубравы (Д1), определены лесоводственно-таксационные показатели в разные возрастные периоды. Отмечается, что при отсутствии в них плановых рубок ухода в периоды с 25 до 40 и с 35 до 50 лет происходит падение бонитета с 1 до 2 класса. Наряду с этим отмечается суховершинность деревьев, что приводит к задернению поверхности почвы и, соответственно изменению условий произрастания. The Gornensky State NatureReserve,situated in the central part of the Rostov Region, isa protected natural area of regional significance. The reserve contains unique objects, represented by artificially created forest stands of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.). In the modern forestry of the Chernozem zone,pedunculate oak continues to take a leading position in terms of its economic value. Much attention is paid to productivity when growing forests. Plantings that are resistant to diseases, pests, and adverse natural phenomena are always productive and have a large stock of wood per unit area. The diebackof oak forests has become an urgent problem in recent years. The main factors of these processes are damage by pests and infectious diseases. Timely improvement felling of oak trees helps to increase the stability of the stands. The authors analyzed plantings of petiolate oak formed with the participation of the main accompanying species– Norwaymaple. Twovariants of forest oak plantationsin the conditions of a dry oak forest (D1) were studied, and forestry and taxation indicators were determined for different age periods. It is noted that in the absence of planned improvement felling in the periods from 25 to 40 and from 35 to 50 years, there is a drop in the yield class from 1 to 2. Along with this, the diebackof trees is noted, which results inthe grassing-downof the soil surface and, accordingly, changes in the growing conditions.

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Bąk-Badowska, Jolanta, Ilona Żeber-Dzikowska, and Jarosław Chmielewski. "Evaluation of the degree of healthiness of the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) acorns in the Włoszczowa– Jędrzejów Nature Park and its neighbouring area." Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych 28, no. 1 (2017): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/oszn-2017-0003.

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Abstract The aim of the study was to demonstrate the degree of healthiness of the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) acorns found in the Włoszczowa-Jędrzejów Nature Park (abbreviation: W-JOChK) and in the neighbouring area. It was dealt with by making the analysis of health of the acorns (total 3,600). The research material included the samples of fallen down acorns, collected under the pedunculate oaks in Kurzelów (W-JOChK), as well as Żelisławice. The study was conducted from late September 2014 to early October 2015. The analysis of acorns demonstrated that over 50% of the acorns were damaged by insects. The ‘perpetrators’ of the damage proved to be Curculio glandium (Coleoptera: Curculionidae - acorn weevil) and Cydia splendana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae - chestnut tortrix). It was stated that acorns from the pedunculate oak trees, which were found on the protected area, were twice less frequently inhabited by Curculio glandium than those originating from the trees in Żelisławice - near the industrial firm. The damages caused by Cydia splendana in both study sites were similar in number. The results indicate that the acorns of oaks in more polluted environment are probably more vulnerable to infestation by insects.

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Brewer, J. S. "Effects of Oak Woodland Restoration Treatments on Sapling Survival and Tree Recruitment of Oaks in an Upland Mesic Oak-dominated Forest." Ecological Restoration 32, no. 2 (2014): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.32.2.127.

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Bader, Brian J. "Developing A Species List for Oak Savanna/Oak Woodland Restoration at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Arboretum." Ecological Restoration 19, no. 4 (2001): 242–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.19.4.242.

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Monahan, William B., and Walter D. Koenig. "Estimating the potential effects of sudden oak death on oak-dependent birds." Biological Conservation 127, no. 2 (2006): 146–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.08.005.

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Bader, Brian J. "Midwest Oak Savanna and Woodland Ecosystems Conference." Ecological Restoration 14, no. 1 (1996): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.14.1.43.

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Tsuyuzaki, S., and JH Titus. "Roadside grassland vegetation in an oak forest, Oak Creek Wildlife Area, the Cascade Range, USA." iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry 3, no. 2 (2010): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/ifor0527-003.

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Wolter, Peter T., Elizabeth A. Berkley, Scott D. Peckham, and Aditya Singh. "Satellite-Based Management Tool for Oak Savanna Ecosystem Restoration." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 5, no. 2 (2014): 252–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/022013-jfwm-010.

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Abstract The structure and function of oak Quercus spp. savanna ecosystems in the North American Midwest were originally maintained by an active disturbance regime (often fire). Subsequent reductions in the frequency of disturbance after European settlement have facilitated rapid, regional conversion of these ecosystems to more closed-canopy forest. Hence, regional-scale management strategies are now needed to restore critical spatial gradients of light, temperature, soil moisture, and soil organic matter for recovery and sustenance of the unique mosaic of understory grass and forb species assemblages that define oak savannas. Tree species composition, distribution, mortality, basal area, and canopy cover are important forest structural parameters that are intrinsically linked to oak savanna restoration ecology. In this benchmark study, we seek to determine whether Landsat-based monitoring protocols can be developed as a tool to guide and monitor regional-scale restoration and management efforts. Using the Sherburne National Wildlife Refuge in central Minnesota as a test case, ground-based forest-structure data were collected and used with multitemporal Landsat sensor data and iterative exclusion partial least-squares regression to calibrate six predictive overstory structure models. Model calibrations produced moderate- to high-accuracy results with respective adjusted coefficient of determination and root mean-squared error values as follows: 0.859, 9.3% (canopy cover); 0.855, 2.95 m2 ha−1 (total basal area); 0.741, 11.6% (red oaks relative basal area); 0.781, 11.9% (bur oak relative basal area); 0.861, 3.20 m2 ha−1 (living oak basal area); and 0.833, 9.1% (dead oak relative basal area). We used the resulting structure models for the Sherburne test site to demonstrate how these data could be applied to help managers prioritize areas within management zones for restorative treatments. Although our Sherburne oak savanna test ecosystem is small (12,424 ha) compared with the size of a full Landsat scene (3.4 million ha), resulting structure models can be extended to the whole Landsat scene, which demonstrates how such modeling protocols can be used for repeated (e.g., annual to decadal), regional-scale analysis and assessment to improve management, planning, and implementation of oak savanna restoration efforts elsewhere.

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Sautkina, Marina Yurievna. "The state of the adaptive potential of Quercus robur L. in field-protective forest belts based on the study of substances of secondary metabolism." Samara Journal of Science 10, no. 2 (2021): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv2021102112.

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The paper studies various groups of substances of secondary metabolism of phenolic nature in the leaves of model trees of English oak growing in the field-protective forest belts of the agroforestry complex Kamennaya Steppe. A physiological and biochemical analysis was carried out on samples of oak leaves from each tree in two stages - in the first decade of June and in early August. From each model tree 4-6 shoots of the lower tier of the southern exposure were selected. Significant biochemical diversity of the control and experimental groups of model oak trees was revealed. It is shown that the most significant fluctuations in the level of phenolic substances occur at the beginning of the growing season and then their content is stabilized. The informativeness of biochemical monitoring studies in the complex assessment of the current state of oak stands was confirmed. It is proved that the content of substances of secondary metabolism of phenolic nature and their combination can serve as a criterion of potential energy efficiency.

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McPherson, Brice A., Sylvia R. Mori, David L. Wood, et al. "Sudden oak death in California: Disease progression in oaks and tanoaks." Forest Ecology and Management 213, no. 1-3 (2005): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.03.048.

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Gaytán, Álvaro, José L. Bautista, Raúl Bonal, Gerardo Moreno, and Guillermo González-Bornay. "Trees Increase Ant Species Richness and Change Community Composition in Iberian Oak Savannahs." Diversity 13, no. 3 (2021): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13030115.

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Iberian man-made oak savannahs (so called dehesas) are traditional silvopastoral systems with a high natural value. Scattered trees provide shelter and additional food to livestock (cattle in our study sites), which also makes possible for animals depending on trees in a grass-dominated landscape to be present. We compared dehesas with nearby treeless grasslands to assess the effects of oaks on ant communities. Formica subrufa, a species associated with decayed wood, was by far the most abundant species, especially in savannahs. Taxa specialized in warm habitats were the most common both in dehesas and grasslands, as expected in areas with a Mediterranean climate. Within dehesas, the number of species was higher below oak canopies than outside tree cover. Compared to treeless grasslands, the presence of oaks resulted in a higher species richness of aphid-herding and predator ants, probably because trees offer shelter and resources to predators. The presence of oaks changed also the species composition, which differed between grasslands and dehesas. In self-standing scattered oaks, ant communities did not differ between the trunks and soil below canopies. These results stress the conservation value of trees in dehesas; within grasslands, they offer an additional microhabitat for species that would otherwise be scarce or absent.

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Dias, Filipe S., David L. Miller, Tiago A. Marques, et al. "Conservation zones promote oak regeneration and shrub diversity in certified Mediterranean oak woodlands." Biological Conservation 195 (March 2016): 226–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.01.009.

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Steele, Michael A., Harmony J. Dalgleish, Shealyn Marino, Andrew W. Bartlow, Rachel Curtis, and Jeffrey A. Stratford. "Oak (Acorn)–Weevil Interactions across an Extensive Latitudinal Gradient in Eastern North America." Diversity 13, no. 7 (2021): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13070303.

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Recent studies have explored how nut weevils (Curculio and Conotrachelus spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) prey on the fruits (acorns) of oak (Quercus spp.). However, few, if any, have examined these interactions over both an extensive geographic area and over several years. Here, we observed patterns of infestation in acorns of both red oak (Quercus rubra) and white oak (Quercus alba) over an eight-year period along a latitudinal transect, extending as far as 900km, across much of the shared range of these two oak species. Although weevil prevalence did not differ significantly between the two oak species, in red oak, infestation prevalence increased significantly with latitude. In contrast, an opposite pattern was evident in white oak, with the highest infestation prevalence occurring at lower latitudes. One controlled measure of cotyledon damage was significantly lower in acorns of red oak than those of white oak, which may in part be due to larger acorn size at the lower latitudes. Future investigations in this system should focus on the distribution of weevil species (with DNA barcoding) across this range and geographic variation in chemical gradients that likely determine patterns of weevil damage in individual acorns.

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Popova, Anna, Vladimir Molchanov, and Evgeniya Rad'kova. "MODERN GENOSYSTEMATICS AND BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF NATURALLY GROWING AND INTRODUCED SPECIES OF THE GENUS QUERCUS." Forestry Engineering Journal 11, no. 1 (2021): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2021.1/1.

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Decoding and annotation of the Oak genome has clarified the taxonomy of the genus Quercus and opens up new possibilities for researchers and foresters for selection and assessment of the evolutionary development of forest formers and forest communities. The purpose of the review was to analyze modern genosystematics, as well as biological characteristics of naturally growing and introduced species of the genus Quercus in Central Russia. For the species Quercus robur, the genome was sequenced, assembled and annotated; the genome decoding made it possible to find out that the longevity and resistance of oak trees is largely based on duplication of R genes for resistance to pathogens, as well as to confirm the accumulation and transmission of somatic mutations in the apical meristems of the shoots. Genetic analysis made it possible to clarify the phylogenetic relationships and divide the genus into the subgenera Euquercus (from 320 to 354 species) and Cyclobalanopsis (76 species) and 6 sections, the main of which are: the Erythrobalanus group (red oak), the Lepidobalanus (white oak), and the Cerris group. The genus Quercus is an important forest producer in the Northern Hemisphere. Considering its ecological nature (the dominance, diversity and development of the data of their phylogenetic, genomic and ecological resources of an important model clade), the oak is a model object of scientific research. Flexible phenology and features of the water regime made it possible to adapt to a wide range of habitat conditions, to form climatypes within and between species, contributing to their high abundance and diversity. Oaks as long-lived plants represent a unique model for the formation of sustainable forest communities; the diversity of species allows them to be introduced into regions of different climatic and ecological factors. In most cases, oaks are ecological dominants, so discoveries at the genome level will be relevant at the level of forest ecosystems and may be the key to solving the problems of sustainability and productivity of oak forests. The review presents modern data on the division of the genus Quercus into subgenera and clades, genetic maps, and the basics of oak longevity. The data on the biology of the genus and species of Central Russia are presented, as well as ecological significance of the genus and the possibility of using trees in various spheres of human activity

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Peneva, V., R. Neilson, B. Boag, and D. J. F. Brown. "Criconematidae (Nematoda) from oak forests in two nature reserves in Russia." Systematic Parasitology 46, no. 3 (2000): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1006338019502.

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Roche, Leslie M., Kevin J. Rice, and Kenneth W. Tate. "Oak conservation maintains native grass stands in an oak woodland-annual grassland system." Biodiversity and Conservation 21, no. 10 (2012): 2555–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-012-0317-z.

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Barton, Andrew M., and Helen M. Poulos. "Pine vs. oaks revisited: Conversion of Madrean pine-oak forest to oak shrubland after high-severity wildfire in the Sky Islands of Arizona." Forest Ecology and Management 414 (April 2018): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.02.011.

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Maleki, K., L. Zeller, and H. Pretzsch. "Oak often needs to be promoted in mixed beech-oak stands - the structural processes behind competition and silvicultural management in mixed stands of European beech and sessile oak." iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry 13, no. 1 (2020): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/ifor3172-013.

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Lonkina, E. S. "NUT PRODUCTIVITY OF KOREAN CEDAR STANDS IN THE BASTAK NATURE RESERVE." Regional problems 24, no. 2-3 (2021): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31433/2618-9593-2021-24-2-3-116-121.

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The paper presents monitoring results of the Korean cedar seed bearing in the Bastak nature reserve for the period of 2015–2020. The research stated that the highest yield of cedar nuts was recorded in 2015. The authors found maple-hazel cedar forests with linden and oak to be the most productive plantings. Most of the collected seeds of Korean cedar are empty.

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Fan, Zhaofei, John M. Kabrick, Martin A. Spetich, Stephen R. Shifley, and Randy G. Jensen. "Oak mortality associated with crown dieback and oak borer attack in the Ozark Highlands." Forest Ecology and Management 255, no. 7 (2008): 2297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.12.041.

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López-Sánchez, Aida, Georg Bareth, Andreas Bolten, et al. "Effects of declining oak vitality on ecosystem multifunctionality: Lessons from a Spanish oak woodland." Forest Ecology and Management 484 (March 2021): 118927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.118927.

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Barlow, Celeste M., Marlow G. Pellatt, and Karen E. Kohfeld. "Garry oak ecosystem stand history in Southwest British Columbia, Canada: implications of environmental change and indigenous land use for ecological restoration and population recovery." Biodiversity and Conservation 30, no. 6 (2021): 1655–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02162-2.

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AbstractIn the Pacific Northwest of North America, endangered Garry oak ecosystems have a complex history that integrates effects of Holocene climate change, Indigenous land management, and colonial settlement during the Anthropocene. In western Canada, Garry oak and Douglas fir recruitment corresponds with the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA; ca. 1870), after the collapse of Indigenous populations but in some cases prior to European settlement. We examined establishment patterns at three sites in southwest British Columbia, each with different edaphic characteristics based on slope, exposure, and drainage. At our Somenos Marsh site on Vancouver Island, we see a clear relationship between Indigenous occupation, subsequent European settlement, and development of an oak woodland, indicating that Indigenous land management was important for development of many Garry oak ecosystems. However, at the Tumbo Cliff site (Tumbo Island, BC), shallow soil xeric conditions, regional climate, and periodic fire were likely drivers of stand and ecosystem development. Finally, at the deep soil Tumbo Marsh site, Garry oak established and grew quickly when conditions were favorable, following the early twentieth century conversion of a saltwater tidal flat into a freshwater marsh. Combining site level historical records, site characteristics, and dendrochronological data provides a greater understanding of the local and regional factors that shape the unique structures of Garry oak ecosystems at each site. This information can be integrated into restoration and fire management strategies for Garry oak ecosystems as well as elucidate the timing of European settler and climate change impacts on these ecosystems.

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King, Richard. "Effects of Single Burn Events on Degraded Oak Savanna." Ecological Restoration 18, no. 4 (2000): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.18.4.228.

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Abella, Scott R., LaRae A. Sprow, and Timothy A. Schetter. "Predicting Post-Fire Tree Survival for Restoring Oak Ecosystems." Ecological Restoration 37, no. 2 (2019): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.37.2.72.

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Bagrikova, N. A., Z. D. Bondarenko, and O. N. Reznikov. "About naturalization of Berberis aquifolium in the territory of Nature Reserves of the Southern Coast of the Crimea." Bulletin of the State Nikitsky Botanical Gardens, no. 139 (August 11, 2021): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36305/0513-1634-2021-139-17-28.

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At the present stage of development of the economies of different states, the problem of biological invasions is considered one of the top-priorities. A special place among the different areas of research of biological invasions is occupied by the study of the most aggressive and dangerous alien plants in Protected Areas, as they pose a threat to the conservation of ecosystems and their biodiversity. The paper provides information on the phytocenotic diversity of communities with Berberis aquifolium Purch in native - in North America, as well as data on the distribution and degree of naturalization of the species in Eurasia, Australia, and New Zealand. It is established that Mahonia in many regions has the status of an invasive species, it is found both in anthropogenic disturbed and in natural communities, inhabiting a wide range of ecotopes (forest parks, meadows, forests, coastal dunes, etc.). On the Southern Coast of the Crimea, communities with Berberis aquifolium Purch were identified in forest park stands, as well as in coniferous and mixed forests, which belong to the classes Erico-Pinetea, Quercetea pubescentis according to the Braun-Blanquet classification. Preliminary data on the invasion of the species in the natural communities of two Protected Areas (PAs) - "Yalta Mountain Forest" and "Cape Martyan" are presented. The species is most widespread at altitudes from 200 to 400 m above sea level in pine, oak-hornbeam-pine and oak-pine forests belonging to the class Erico-Pinetea . In the lower forest belt at an altitude of up to 200 m above sea level, it is found in the pubescent oak-hornbeam and ash-oak-dogwood communities with Juniperus excelsa , J. deltoides , and Pinus pallasianae , which are part of the class Quercetea pubescentis .

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Kryżar, Sławomir. "The influence of stand structure in submontane acidophilous oak forests on the presence of the wild service tree and sword-leaved helleborine." Forest Research Papers 78, no. 2 (2017): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/frp-2017-0011.

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Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the occurrence of two strictly protected vascular plant species in managed stands of submontane acidophilous oak forests (Luzulo luzuloidis - Quercetum petraeae Hilitzer 1932 association) in the Sudeten foothills (Lower Silesia, Poland). During the study, the most important stand parameters influencing the occurrence of the wild service tree (Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz) and the orchid sword-leaved helleborine Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch) were ascertained. The stands ranged from 50 to 130 years of age and were dominated by sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.), which comprised 5-100% of trees. Both of the protected plant species were observed in 10% of the examined plots with the most favorable type of forest stand for sword-leaved helleborine as well as the wild service tree being clearly dominated by sessile oak (portion of oak above 80%). The analysis showed that the wild service tree was found in pure oak stands, whereas sword-leaved helleborine was also recorded in mixed stands aged 50-80 years. The increased frequency of sword-leaved helleborine was associated with a higher portion of oak in the tree layer. The results suggest that the modern silviculture practices, ‘close-to-nature’ silviculture, transform pure oak forest into mixed forest and allow for natural expansion of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) as well as beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), which can induce the gradual disappearance of the orchid and the wild service tree in submontane acidophilous oak forests. Restoring semi-natural pure oak stands should play a significant role in supporting both protected species in submontane acidophilous oak forests of the Sudeten Region.

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Karhu, Kari, Pertti Rassi, and Ilpo Rutanen. "Threatened insects of Ruissalo." Entomologica Fennica 6, no. 2-3 (1995): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.83848.

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The threatened species of the insect orders Heteroptera, Lepidoptera and Coleoptera found in Ruissalo, an island with widest oak forests of Finland, are listed. Of the 154 species of threatened Lepidoptera in Finland 12% (19 species) and of the 332 species of threatened Coleoptera 16% (53) are found in Ruissalo. A considerable part of the threatened species of both Lepidoptera and Coleoptera are dependent on oak. The most important areas of the oak forests are already under protection and the other parts of them belong to the national conservation program of herb-grass forests. A forestry plan prepared by the City of Turku considers the nature values of the island of Ruissalo.

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McClain, William E., John E. Schwegman, Todd A. Strole, Loy R. Phillippe, and John E. Ebinger. "Floristic Study of Sand Prairie-Scrub Oak Nature Preserve, Mason County, Illinois." Castanea 73, no. 1 (2008): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2179/07-4.1.

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Hasegawa, Toshio, Ryosuke Mamada, Takahisa Yamanaka, Bujyuro Shimazaki, and Takashi Fujihara. "Characteristic Aromas of Quercus crispula (Japanese Oak)." Natural Product Communications 13, no. 4 (2018): 1934578X1801300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1801300424.

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Nature is important in Japanese culture. Many tree species produce diverse fragrances, making Japan's forests a botanical treasure. However, there have been no detailed investigations of the aroma characteristics of trees, a vital factor in forest bathing. Previously, we applied our analytical method to three tree species found mainly in Japan: Chamaecyparis pisifera, Lindera praecox, and Lindera obtusiloba Blume. In this paper, we report investigations of the aroma of Quercus crispula Blume (Japanese oak) using this analysis method. Japanese oak grows mainly in Japan. The odor compounds of Japanese oak were obtained by hexane extraction and monolithic material sorptive extraction and each extracted compound was identified by gas chromatography olfactometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Comparison of the aromas and compounds in the extracts resulted in the identification of important aroma compounds in Japanese oak: 10 (including eugenol) in the leaves and 15 (including 3-methyl-4-octanolide) in the wood.

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Yarysh, V. L., and G. E. Yarysh. "ANALYSIS OF THE UNDERGROWTH PLANTINGS OF TEREBINTH (PISTACIA MUTICA) IN THE KARADAG NATURE RESERVE." Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry 6(72), no. 2 (2020): 291–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-2-291-303.

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This article discusses the state and the resumption of tree species in plantations of terebinth (Pistacia mutica) on land of the Karadag reserve. Pistacia mutica is a Mediterranean relict species of the Tertiary period, included in the Red Books of Russia, Crimea and Ukraine. Terebinth (Pistacia mutica) creates rare relict plant communities (formation P. mutica) listed in the Green Book of Ukraine. A comparative analysis of small, medium and large undergrowth in the sample areas laid in 2005–2006 and in 2017 for undergrowth damage monitoring. Counting of the number and extent of damage to young growth stands of sessile in 2005–2006 and in 2017 – have shown that the undergrowth density was 2.0 thousand units/ha and 3.5 thousand units/ha correspondently. The degree of damaged undergrowth in 2005–2006 and in 2017 was 5.0 % and 88.6 %, respectively. The number of undergrowth in plantations in 2005–2006 is 1.7 times lower than the number of undergrowth in 2017. At the same time, the density of large undergrowth in plantations in 2005–2006 is 3 times higher than the density of large undergrowth in stands in 2017. The studies noted that there is replacement of the main forest-forming specie of terebinth (Pistacia mutica) bedrock prevailing in the plantations, in the downy oak (Quercus pubescens) and oleaster pear (Pyrus eleagnifolia). In undergrowth Pistacia mutica takes 29 %, and in large undergrowth it takes about 12 %. Most of damaged species is downy oak in all categories of undergrowth and oleaster pear in young growth stands. The undergrowth of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) is rare. As the number of European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus Linnaeus, 1758) grows, the pressure on the floristic complexes of the reserve increases too, due to excessive population density of this species (the her density in 2016 is 10 time higher than optimal density – 437 species on 1000 ha ). A great destruction of the undergrowth observed. Most of damaged wildlife species is downy oak in all categories of undergrowth, and oleaster pear in small undergrowth. Meanwhile, the share of affected undergrowth of terebinth increased from 2,9 to 85.0 %, the share of downy oak – from 4.8 to 93.4 %, and the share oleaster pear – from 3,3 to 96,4 %. Renewal of tree species in plantations of Pistacia mutica in the Karadag reserve should be considered unsatisfactory. P. mutica populations in Kardag reserve require ongoing monitoring and conservation.

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Wehnert, Alexandra, Sven Wagner, and Franka Huth. "Effects of Pure and Mixed Pine and Oak Forest Stands on Carabid Beetles." Diversity 13, no. 3 (2021): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13030127.

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The multiple-use approach to forestry applied in Germany aims to combine timber production and habitat management by preserving specific stand structures. We selected four forest stand types comprising (i) pure oak, (ii) equal oak–pine mixtures, (iii) single tree admixtures of oak in pine forest and (iv) pure pine. We analysed the effects of stand composition parameters on species representative of the larger carabid beetles (Carabus arvensis, C. coriaceus, C. hortensis, C. violaceus, Calosoma inquisitor). The main statistical methods used were correlation analyses and generalised linear mixed models. Cal. inquisitor was observed in pure oak forests exclusively. C. coriaceus and C. hortensis were absent from pure pine stands. High activity densities of C. arvensis and C. violaceus were observed in all four forest types. When assessed at the smaller scales of species crown cover proportions and spatial tree species effect zones, C. hortensis was found to be positively related to oak trees with a regular spatial distribution, whereas C. coriaceus preferred lower and more aggregated oak tree proportions. C. violaceus showed strong sex-specific tree species affinities. Information about preferences of carabid beetles is necessary for management activities targeting the adaptation of forest structures to habitat requirements.

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Barton, Andrew M. "Intense wildfire in southeastern Arizona: transformation of a Madrean oak–pine forest to oak woodland." Forest Ecology and Management 165, no. 1-3 (2002): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(01)00618-1.

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SANTOS, MARIA J., and JAMES H. THORNE. "Comparing culture and ecology: conservation planning of oak woodlands in Mediterranean landscapes of Portugal and California." Environmental Conservation 37, no. 2 (2010): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892910000238.

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SUMMARYMediterranean ecosystems are biodiversity hotspots, however translating conservation need into implementation has been hindered by their function as working landscapes that integrate both human and natural components. This paper compares oak woodland working landscapes in California and Portugal: can conservation policy be reshaped to conserve Mediterranean oak woodland ecosystems with differing sociopolitical cultural contexts? Each oak woodland's cultural-historical legacy and socioecological system (SES) is described, and how each system can cross-inform improvements to conservation policies is assessed. The SES analysis shows that oak woodlands are managed to maximize revenue from one or more of four resources: forestry, rangeland, agriculture and natural areas. Sustainability of extractable resources may be threatened by replacement rate, land-use history and interdependence with other resources. Non-extractable resources (natural areas) are more volatile and sustainable management is dependent on the voluntary nature of collective-choice rules. Conservation planning and implementation require attention to the characteristic heterogeneity of oak woodlands and to the processes that generate biodiversity, such as fire and regeneration. Conservation plans should aim for the preservation of oak woodland functions (for example multiple use systems) and cultural characteristics (such as keeping people on the land), and governmental and public recognition of the value of preserving these woodlands.

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47

Riggins, John J., Jason M. Defibaugh y Chávez, Jason A. Tullis, and Frederick M. Stephen. "Spectral Identification of Previsual Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra L.) Foliar Symptoms Related to Oak Decline and Red Oak Borer (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Attack." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 35, no. 1 (2011): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/35.1.18.

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Abstract A severe oak decline event associated with the outbreak of an insect pest (Enaphalodes rufulus [Haldeman]) affected the Arkansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma Ozarks from the mid-1990s through 2005. Tree mortality was severe and widespread, but patchy in nature. The rugged and remote terrain of the Ozarks led to difficulty in monitoring and assessing the location, severity, and spread of declining stands. In addition, visible symptoms of decline typically occur late in the decline-disease spiral, providing little early warning and leaving few options for mitigation. In situ spectroradiometry using handheld equipment offers an affordable option for characterizing the spectral signatures of plant stress and assessing the feasibility of areawide remote sensing projects without risking a large upfront investment in imagery. Foliage from 30 northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) trees was sampled using a handheld spectroradiometer, and analysis was conducted using machine learning techniques. Analysis of 602 reflectance and first-derivative variables provided the best prediction (90%) of field-assigned stress rankings. Eight published vegetation stress indices used as surrogate variables yielded approximately 86% accuracy in predicting the correct field-assigned stress ranking. Therefore, use of vegetation stress indices as surrogate variables may be a simpler option for analyzing future imagery of oak stress in the Ozarks while sacrificing little accuracy.

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Wehnert, Alexandra, Sven Wagner, and Franka Huth. "Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Carabids Influenced by Small-Scale Admixture of Oak Trees in Pine Stands." Diversity 12, no. 10 (2020): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12100398.

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In a region with poor soil fertility, low annual precipitation and large areas of homogenous Pinus sylvestris L. forests, conservation of old sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) trees is one option to enrich structure and species richness. We studied the affinities of Carabus coriaceus, C. violaceus, C. hortensis and C. arvensis for specific tree species and the resultant intra- and interspecific interactions. We focused on their temporal and spatial distributions. Pitfall traps were used as a surface-related capture method on a grid over an area of three hectares. Generalised linear models and generalised linear geostatistical models were used to analyse carabid activity densities related to distance-dependent spatial effects corresponding to tree zones (oak, oak–pine, pine). The results demonstrated significant spatial affinities among these carabids, especially for females and during the period of highest activity. Individuals of C. coriaceus showed a tendency to the oak zone and C. hortensis exhibited a significant affinity to the oak–pine mixture. Imagines of C. arvensis and C. violaceus were more closely related to pine. The observed temporal and spatial coexistence of the different Carabus species reveals that single admixed old oak trees can support greater diversity within pine-dominated forests.

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49

Brusentsova, N. "Home Ranges of the Red Fox, Vulpes vulpes (Carnivora, Canidae) and European Badger, Meles meles (Carnivora, Mustelidae), in Oak Forests of Slobozhanshchyna, Ukraine." Vestnik Zoologii 53, no. 1 (2019): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vzoo-2019-0006.

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Abstract The research was carried out in 6 territories located in oak forests of Slobozhanshchyna in 2007–2016. Family home ranges were determined using the average nearest neighbour distance between all setts of a sett system for the badgers and between breeding burrows for the foxes. The use of fox and badger family home ranges in different seasons and years was estimated by changes in the use of burrows at the monitoring site of Gomilshanski Lisy National Nature Park. In the oak forests, 173 burrows were studied, among which 75 are used by badgers and 45 by foxes. The area of most of the badger family home ranges in the oak forests is 28–88 hа. The area of the fox family home ranges in the oak forests is 86 to 892 ha. In the oak forests of Slobozhanshchyna, badger and fox family home ranges correspond to the data for similar biotopes in Europe. Seasonal changes of the badger family home range used at the monitoring site in Gomilshanski Lisy NNP in general correspond to literature radio tracking data. Changes in use of the fox family home range de pend on fluctuations of the abundance of rodents.

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Brusak, Vitaliy, and Kateryna Moskalyuk. "The landscape structure of the nature reserve “Medobory”." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 50 (December 28, 2016): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2016.50.8678.

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Tovtry is a complex of fossil reef Miocene buildings that creates one of the most picturesque scenery of the surrounding plains of Podillya region. Tovtry zone consists of main ridge (the late Baden barrier reef), isolated Tovtry hills (the late Baden bioherms, located east of the ridge), isolated tovtry (the early Sarmat bioherms, located west of the main ridge), the territories of the former channels, lagoons and passes between certain reef masses, the part of which is occupied with the modern rivers. These geological and geomorphological elements are the basis of the definition of Podillian Tovtry landscapes areas, and their combination is the basis of the individual landscapes. The great contribution to the study of Tovtry landscapes was made by K. Herenchuk (1949, 1979, 1980), who identified the main types of localities and individual landscapes. In addition to his distinguished achievements, the researches done by M. Chyzhov (1963), T. Kovalyshyn and I. Kaplun (1998), P. Shtoyko (2000), K. Moskalyuk (2011) and others could be mentioned. In Tovtry there are four landscapes: Mylno, Zbarazh, Medobory (Krasna) and Tovtry (Kamianets-Podilskyi). Natural Reserve “Medobory” (9 516.7 hectares) is located in the central part of Tovtry, mainly in Medobory landscape. The landscape map of nature reserve, covering the surrounding area, at a scale of 1: 25,000 has been done. Six landscaped areas and more than 70 kinds of tracts have been identified. The largest area is the area of elongated summit plains of main Tovtry ridge rocky hills, covered by beech hornbeam-oak forests on humus-carbonate soils. The territory with the buried reef formations, overlained by loess-like loams, with hornbeam-oak forests on humus-carbonate soils in combination with grey forest soils occupies large area. The area of grouped and isolated side tovtry, covered by rock and meadow-steppe vegetation, shrubs on humus-carbonate soils are fragmentary represented in the natural reserve. Outside the territory of natural reserve, there are areas of the extensive plains with chernozems. They were covered by meadow vegetation in the past and now they are the agricultural lands. Some areas of the reserve are covered by wavy interfluves of Husiatyn and Lanivtsi landscape, which are typical for stratal-tiered landscapes of Podillya. Wavy watersheds, composed of thick strata of loess loam, are mainly covered by hornbeam forests in place of oak on grey forest soils and podzolic chernozem. Along Zbruch and Gnyla the area of narrow river valleys with wide floodplains and low terraces fragments are very common. Floodplain is covered by grass-forb meadows, with alder and osier bed centres on meadow and meadow soils. The regional and local features of the landscape structure of the reserve have been defined. Enough representation of the main types of Tovtry areas, their altitude differentiation (landscape layering) and monolithic areas of Tovtry main ridge are the most important. Key words: Podillian Tovtry, main ridge, side tovtry hills, nature reserve “Medobory”, area of landscape.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Oak Oak Oak Nature Nature Nature'

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