Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Oasis – Tunisie'
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Moumni, Youssef. "Oasis, sédentarisation et migration. Une étude de cas : Mareth et ses oasis." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070052.
Full textSituated right in the Tunisian arid land, Mareth and its oases has been experimenting an important social change. Passed from a dominant nomadism far back in the past to a semi-nomadism influenced by climatic risks and land conditions, this region seems to be a representative case of social evolution in the arid lands. In these ones, the interaction between natural region and population is omnipresent in the change that is occurring as well in the biophysical field as in the human and social area. But the "comparison of historical universes" and "selected phenomena put into relation" have determined that a complementarity exists between both and that evolution is not "linear and ineluctable" but is depending on development variability closely linked to durable dynamic transformation. Accordingly, as a result, in the social level, the relation that continually imposes itself between nomadism, settling process and migration constitute the fundamental aspect in this land. This group of phenomena is constantly related with natural transformation in a continuous process of impacts and interactions where social groups or actors are forced to adapt their activity, depending on diverse relations established with other more global and universal areas. However, at the present time, the supposition that coherence exists between "social" and "natural" in arid land is conditioned by development choices that must take into account all the aspects of the land, particularly cultural aspects
Ben, Khalfallah Cherine. "Caractérisation de la dynamique des oasis de Djérid." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG010/document.
Full textIn southern Tunisia, not all irrigated oasis-type perimeters have undergone the same development, we observed an evolution of the covered surfaces which more than doubled in the last half-century, while for other regions they have remained practically stable and in some cases, a decrease in these areas. These changes have affected environmental and economic systems. In this context, the evaluation of the state of oases and the development of a typology of oases systems is a key-issue for sustainable agriculture. To know the state of vegetation in these oases, monitoring systems for oasis ecosystems must be informed by data on cultivated areas. These data can be obtained in part by satellite observation systems with high and moderate spatial resolution and high temporal repetitiveness, offer a synoptic vision that makes them a particularly appropriate information source for the estimation of such data. The research work presented here focuses on the exploration of methods developed from two types of time series of Earth observation images: those produced by the SPOT-5 experiment (Take5) and the MOD13Q1 product of the MODIS sensor, at 10m and 250m spatial resolution respectively. These methods and data were tested in the Djerid region with the final aim of setting up an oasis monitoring system based on the analysis of time signatures from Earth observation images made very regularly over time.Two change detection approaches based on NDVI time series. The first consists on temporal variations in vegetation activity over a short period from April to September 2015 through the SPOT-5 time series (Take5): the comparison between oases was made at the scale of the irrigated perimeter (an oasis can be composed of several irrigated perimeters) using agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) method.The second uses a temporal decomposition technique to extract the trend from a multi-year time series at the scale of a geographical point (a 250mx250m pixel) across the MOD13Q1 time series (2000-2016).Results obtained from the processing and analysis of optical time series have shown that it is possible to identify the main types of irrigated perimeters present in the Djerid region, and to retrospectively trace their recent development history. They also highlight the fact that SPOT-5 (Take5) images, which prefigure those currently available with images produced by Sentinel2 satellites, significantly improve the spatio-temporal characterization of oases functioning through their 10m spatial resolution and 5-day temporal repetitiveness.The results of this thesis highlight new possibilities for the combination of remote sensing, field data and statistical analysis, delivering nonstop information in time and space on the characterization of oases systems. Indeed, with a single sensor such as Sentinel2, coupled with the historical data of MOD13Q1, it is now possible to accurately characterize oases on a continuous basis
Bédoucha, Geneviève. ""L'eau, amie du puissant " une communauté oasienne du Sud tunisien /." Paris ; Montreux : Archives contemporaines, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb369541977.
Full textLatiri-Otthoffer, Lamia. "La mise en paysage des systèmes d'irrigation dans les oasis du Sud tunisien." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010530.
Full textThe aim of this research is an epistemological study of the lanscape concept in arabian moslem culture through five points. The fist point examines the notion of landscape concept in arabic. The second point, through iconography, studies licit and illicit figuring and the importance of landscape in arabian miniatures. The third point analyses geographical description in the arabian literature from the ninth to the eleventh century and samples of landscape featuring emanating from realistic and subjective descriptions of the country : useful, religious, fancy, bucolic. . . Landscapes. The fourth point observing contemporary society -i-e the southern tunisia djerid, aims at setting out social figuring and practice, landscape patterns and sorting out what they have in common with those established by arabian geography : in use in arabian geography : historical, religious, local, touristic. . . Landscapes. Considering the pevailing results, the last point attempts to compare arabian moslem and occidental culture in landscape featuring through iconography, geography, territory discoveries and at last social practice and figuring in landscape
Cézeur, Adeline. "Le développement durable et la dynamique touristique : le cas des oasis marocaines (Tafilalet) et tunisiennes (Nefzaoua)." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS003S.
Full textIn many countries, tourism is a tool for development. Yet, the positive effects expected through this tool are often followed by a series of negative impacts. These are closely related to the control and management of tourism and the fragility of the territories in which it unfolds. These negative impacts limit the sustainable development of many local areas even though the government's commitments towards this approach. This is essentially because of the low awareness of local decision makers in this process and the lack of operational tools to implement and carry out a strategy for sustainable tourism at a local level. So, this work which combines research and professionalism provides a transversal vision on sustainable tourism and development of Nefzaoua’s oasis (Tunisia) and Tafilalet’s oasis (Morocco). Moreover beyond the inventory of these set of problems, on one hand it is about giving criterias for a suitable tourism in oasis. On the other hand, the aim is to propose an approach and a methodological toolkit as a dashboard and also tools for improvement. Tools for decision makers that will help them to define, implement and establish a monitoring of their territorial strategy for a sustainable tourism
ʿAbd, al-Ḥamīd Mahā. "Les transformations socio-spatiales des oasis de Gabès (Tunisie) : déclin des activités agricoles, urbanisation informelle et dégradation de l'environnement à Zrig, des années 1970 à nos jours." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100134.
Full textThis dissertation relates to an oasis area (a still productive agricultural land) which is being informally urbanized: in the Zrig oasis, south-east of Gabes, the habitat has proliferated without building permit since 1980.In this new urban space, a double social marginalization affects farmers who lost their land as well as newcomers with often precarious resources. The environment and the local agricultural heritage are also impacted.Zrig is a detail (in apictorial sense) of the future of the Gabes oasis. A research work on the space of Zrig and its transformations resembles the chronicle of an announced degradation. Indeed, the degradation can be identified at two levels: the transformation of an oasis area into a deformed urban space, and the development of informal socio-economic practices related to the strategies of space occupants and to their relations with local authorities. In addition to the data provided by official and academic surveys, this work is based on the results of a long-term survey that I conducted from 2010 to 2016 Zrig, those of yesterday and those of today, in order to collect their representations of the spatial and social transformations that affected the oasis. But also to study the building practices of informal settlement sand the strategies of newcomers for this purpose
Abdedaïem, Slaheddine. "Mutations socio-agro-spatiales et mode de gouvernance de l'eau dans les oasis "périurbaines" du gouvernorat de Gabès (Sud-est tunisien) : de la raréfaction d'une ressource à la crise d'un patrimoine." Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100035.
Full textThe present thesis deals with the problem of water irrigation in the peri – urban oases of the district of Gabes. Through a look-back at the past , the thesis tries to focus on the existing relations between the scarcity of water resources , the great social changes as well as the ways of management of this resource hence the reorganization of the agricultural system within the oasis. Being located close to a coastal area increasingly attractive that resulted in an urbanization wave the rural oases are facing an unprecedented shift caused by human pressure due to rural drift. Consequently, this shift has put the oases face to a paradox. As a matter of fact, this research is mainly interested in the current dynamics as well as in the social, agricultural and spatial diversity in the midst of the oasis of Gabes. It also reveals that the severe decline of agricultural activities, caused by either abandoning this traditional work or by urban expansion, has not prevented the advent of some new strategies of adaptation that would fit the new urban, economic and social context. However identifying the various contributors to water management on the local level , their logic and the modality of governing of the water resources which are linked to the social, economic and political choices of our country( decentralization- disengagement –privatization – contribution ) permits to better understand the nature and the level of both the economic and political factors at stake. The conclusion shows that the water scarcity in the oasis is not only physical but it is also the result of the overexploitation of the resources in addition to its governance mode. Unfortunately, the “ Group of collective interest” GIC which is a social structure created by the State in order to ensure a both reasonable and fair management of water, turned to be the main cause of its scarcity , waste ,debt and the discrimination between users. Thus it is recommended that a suitable policy be based on sustainable development of the oases as multifunctional heritage where the environmental, the economic, the social and the cultural aspects are kept in perfect harmony
Maalli, Hanen. "Le tourisme en Tunisie et la prise en compte du développement durable : le cas du tourisme saharien." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF20020.
Full textSeveral states use tourism to energize their least-favored regions, with as purpose improving the economic performances of these territories, stimulating job creation and bringing in foreign currency. However, the development of tourism in these delicate regions is at the expense of an already fragile environment and is followed by a broad range of negative impacts, which slows or even blocks the good development of these territories. This work offers a transversal vision of tourism and sustainable tourism in the region of Djerid, an oasis territory in the South-East of Tunisia, based on specific methodological tools. These tools stress the twofold problem and offer a promoting tool in the shape of a scale of performance indicators. They are based on the active participation of all actors, actors usually put aside with such reflexions and taking little part in decision making for regional development. The aim of this work is to establish an action plan best adapted as possible for territorial issues, assist and guide actors all along the strategy for Saharan sustainable tourism
Carpentier, Irène. "Les révolutions silencieuses des oasis du sud tunisien : crise des modèles et réponses locales." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H102.
Full textIn a context of rising social demands and a crisis in development models, this work questions the transformations of the oasis territories of southern Tunisia drawing on an analysis of the diversification of practices of local resource exploitation. The research devotes particular attention to the economic, social and technological innovations that characterize certain emerging forms of valorization and to the political dimension they carry. Adopting a social geography approach, the analysis is based on a comparison of the continental oasis of Tozeur and the coastal oasis of Gabès, making it possible to identify the diversity of the processes that influence the dynamics of these territories. This approach calls into question an understanding of oases as exceptional environments and underlines the need to integrate into the analysis the diversity of actors deploying their strategies in the oasis territories and to reintegrate the latter into their regional and national political context. The analysis shows that the transformation of oasis territories is characterized by partly contradictory dynamics; on the one hand, national development policies have had the effect of marginalizing ancient oases, subjecting them to a series of threats – desertification, urbanization, abandonment that call into question their sustainability; on the other hand, the rise of environmental concerns and the emergence of new tourism and living environment related demands has fostered a dynamics of heritage requalification of oases based on an idealization of their traditional systems that is publicized by a booming associative sector. The diversification of valorization forms of oasis territories ranging from small family farming to agribusiness projects and leisure activities, agroecology or ecotourism also leads to increased competition for access to land and water resources and to a strengthened process of social and spatial differentiation within oasis territories. Thus, the phenomena observed underline the ambivalence of this increasingly politicized "oasis preservation" dynamics that contributes to the debate on the redefinition of development models in post 2011 Tunisia
Brochier-Puig, Joëlle. "Urbanité et usages de l'eau, un "patrimoine socio-environnemental" oasien au Nefzaoua, Sahara tunisien." Montpellier 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON30038.
Full textJob, Jean-Olivier. "Les sols salés de l'oasis d'El Guettar (Sud tunisien)." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20168.
Full textChniter, Mohamed. "Facteurs de risque de la mortalité des agneaux D'man élevés dans les oasis tunisiennes : relations avec les aptitudes maternelles et la vigueur du nouveau-né." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR4044/document.
Full textD’man ewes are reared in Tunisian oases under an accelerated management system allowing breeders to have three lambing periods every two years. High prolificacy may accentuate the detrimental effects of an accelerated lambing system through problems which affect growth, welfare and survival. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the risk factors of lamb mortality in this prolific breed maintained under intensive management in Tunisian oases. In a first step, growth and mortality rates are reported using records of 1189 lambs collected between 2004 and 2009 from an accelerated lambing system to determine risk factors according to characteristics of the animals and the environment. Results showed that overall mortality from birth to 70 days of age was 13.4%. Of all the total losses, 41% of the lambs died within 10 days of birth, 29% died between 10 and 30 days of age and 30% between 30 and 70 days. Mortality rate was significantly higher in winter (23.5%) than in spring (12.3%), autumn (10.2%) and summer (9.5%). Lambs in the low-weight category died more frequently (52.2%) than lambs from medium-weight (24.4%) to high-weight (1.8%) categories. Lambs born in spring were consistently the heaviest at birth, at 30 and 70 days of age with the greatest average daily gains compared to those born in winter, autumn and summer. Birth weights were affected by litter size and ewe age, and lambs from older ewes (2-10 years) grew faster than lambs born from young ewes (1 year). The principal risk factors identified were season (winter), birth type (multiple) and weight class (≤ 1.5 kg)
Ghazouani, Wafa. "De l'identification des contraintes environnementales à l'évaluation des performances agronomiques dans un système irrigué collectif. Cas de l'oasis de Fatnassa (Nefzaoua, sud tunisien)." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00473373.
Full textEl, Arbi Amel. "Isolement, identification et caractérisation des Bacillus spp. de sol d’oasis tunisien et leurs potentialités d’utilisation en lutte biologique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10157.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to screen bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of the date palm tree for their ability to inhibit phytopathogenic fungi. Screening for antifungal activity was performed on twenty-eight isolates. Five antagonistic isolates were selected and identified as members of Bacillus genera. The five antagonistic Bacillus isolated showed tolerance to abiotic stresses (high temperature, salinity, drought). The presence of biosynthetic genes encoding lipopeptides was investigated by PCR and lipopeptide production was confirmed by MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry. The antagonistic Bacillus spp. III1 strain that produced a high diversity of lipopeptides belonging to surfactin, fengycin and iturin families and that showed the strongest antifungal activity was evaluated for biocontrol of Septoria tritici blotch, one of the most important foliar pathogens of wheat. The inhibitory effect of the culture filtrate of the strain III1 on growth and germination of Zymoseptoria tritici, the causal agent of wheat disease, was demonstrated in vitro and in planta. The pure culture filtrate and diluted to 50% and 25 % reduced up to 95% the symptoms of the disease. Then iturin produced by Bacillus spp. III1 was identified as mojavensine. The optimum environmental conditions for producing mojavensin (pH, temperature and ventilation) were determined using the method of design of experiments. Finally, optimization of the environmental conditions of the pumilacidin, lipopeptide produced by Bacillus pumilus I2 was performed
Bel, Kadhi Mohamed Sadok. "Etude bioécologique de Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) dans les serres géothermiques du sud tunisien. Possibilité de son contrôle biologique au moyen de parasitoïdes indigènes." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX30058.
Full textThe current led work in the south of tunisia is a contribution to know factors, favoring the appearance of damages of the virus TYLC transmitted by the biotype " B " of Bemisia tabaci, in view to trace a strategy of struggle against the vector insect. The molecular characterization has shown the prevalence of the biotype "B " and the rarity of the biotype " Q ". Its biotic potential is comparable to that meet in the south of France. The study of adult displacement between the oasis and greenhouses, has allowed to put in obviousness a narrow relationship between the two ecosystems, notably the role that play oasis, as station Summer refuge. Notable difference watch in the distribution of larvae stages and adult, according to the conduct of cultures, the position of leaves on plant them, lines of culture, and in function of the time. The biotype " B " is found parasitic by an indigenous parasitoids where two species dominate Encarsia sophia and Eretmocerus mundus. This last kind is the parasitoïd native it most frequently associated. . It presents relatively important biological characteristics. That supposes more research and experimentation efforts to develop an integrated struggle strategy based on a utilization of biological agents