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Journal articles on the topic 'Oasis – Tunisie'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Naoui, Imen, and Dr Ali Hanafi. "Les oasis historiques, un facteur dynamique pour le developement durable: Cas de l’oasis de Nefta (Sud-ouest tunisien)." digitAR - Revista Digital de Arqueologia, Arquitectura e Artes, no. 5 (February 20, 2019): 159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-844x_5_8.

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Les oasis ont historiquement contribué au développement du commerce transsaharien et des échanges Nord-Sud permettant de renforcer les liens sociaux et de maintenir les équilibres économiques des familles rurales. Le Djérid au sud-ouest de la Tunisie est l’une des régions aux multiples oasis historiques, parmi lesquelles s’individualise l’oasis de Nefta. Située aux portes nord du Sahara, Nefta est une ancienne oasis traditionnelle qui doit son existence aux sources d’eau naturelles. Elle est considérée comme un bien public et constitue un patrimoine historique et culturel riche et varié. Cependant, depuis une trentaine d’années, le maintien des équilibres naturels et socio-économiques dans cette région a été confrontée à plusieurs contraintes naturelles (manque d’eau, salinisation des eaux et des sols, ensablement…) et anthropiques (morcellement des terres, problème de main d’oeuvre qualifiée, absentéisme…). Cette situation a engendré une rupture parfois irréversible des équilibres et a embrasé le développement de cette oasis conduisant à un déclin général de certains de ses secteurs.

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2

Carpentier, Irène. "Diversité des dynamiques locales dans les oasis du Sud de la Tunisie." Cahiers Agricultures 26, no. 3 (May 2017): 35001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cagri/2017017.

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3

Selmi, Slaheddine, Thierry Boulinier, and Robert Barbault. "Richness and Composition of Oasis Bird Communities: Spatial Issues and Species–Area Relationships." Auk 119, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 533–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/119.2.533.

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Abstract We used data on breeding bird communities of the oases of southern Tunisia to investigate variation in species richness and composition among local communities in relation to spatial configuration of the oasis system and to assess significance of the relationship between oasis size and local richness. Oases could be grouped into three regional systems, namely littoral, saharan, and mountainous oases. We found that at the scale of the entire oasis system, species richness and species composition exhibited significant spatial autocorrelation. That result was consistent with our prediction that the particular spatial organization of oases may have led to regional differences in availability of potential colonizers and that higher species exchange within oasis zones than among oasis zones may have played an important role in shaping local communities. With regard to the species–area relationship, we thus found that a model accounting for spatial covariance was more parsimonious than a standard regression model not incorporating information on the spatial location of oases. Overall, oasis size was a good predictor of species richness, but results were sensitive to spatial scale at which the relationship was examined. Aside from oceanic islands and forest patches, oases may constitute interesting systems to study how regional processes affect local diversity.

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4

Belloumi, Mounir, and Mahmoud Mohamed Salah. "Impacts de la salinité sur l'efficience technique de l'agriculture irriguée : application au cas des Oasis de Nefzaoua en Tunisie." Économie & prévision 177, no. 1 (2007): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ecop.177.0077.

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5

Salah Matoussi, Mohamed, and Mounir Belloumi. "Impacts de la salinité sur l'efficience technique de l'agriculture irriguée : application au cas des Oasis de Nefzaoua en Tunisie." Économie & prévision 177, no. 1 (2007): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecop.2007.7980.

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6

AYADI, T., A. HAMMOUDA, A. POUX, T. BOULINIER, S. LECOLLINET, and S. SELMI. "Evidence of exposure of laughing doves (Spilopelia senegalensis) to West Nile and Usutu viruses in southern Tunisian oases." Epidemiology and Infection 145, no. 13 (August 14, 2017): 2808–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268817001789.

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SUMMARYIt has previously been suggested that southern Tunisian oases may be suitable areas for the circulation of flaviviruses. In order to anticipate and prevent possible epidemiological spread of flaviviruses in humans and domestic animals, the ecology of their transmission in the oasis system needs to be better understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of anti-flavivirus antibodies in the laughing dove (Spilopelia senegalensis), an abundant resident bird in Tunisian oases. Anti-flavivirus antibodies were detected in 17% of sampled doves. Ten per cent of the total tested doves were West Nile virus (WNV) seropositive and 4% were Usutu virus (USUV) seropositive, which provides the first evidence of USUV circulation in Tunisian birds. We also found that the occurrence probability of anti-flavivirus antibodies in dove plasma increased with decreasing distance to coast, suggesting that doves inhabiting coastal oases were more exposed to flaviviruses compared with those inhabiting inland oases. We also found significantly higher antibody occurrence probability in adult doves compared with young doves, which underlines the effect of exposure time. Overall, our results suggest that the laughing dove may be used for WNV and USUV surveillance in southern Tunisia. They also stress the need for investigations combining data on birds and mosquitoes to better understand the ecological factors governing the circulation of flaviviruses in this area.

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7

Gaddour, A., S. Najari, and M. Ouni. "Amélioration de la production laitière caprine par le croisement d’absorption dans une oasis du Sud tunisien." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 61, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.10014.

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Depuis 1980, un projet de croisement d’absorption de la chèvre locale Capra hircus, issue de la race Nubienne, par des races amélioratrices importées, a été mis en place dans une oasis d’une région aride de la Tunisie en vue d’améliorer la production laitière en élevage oasien intensif. L’analyse des performances laitières de certaines races caprines pures et des groupes génétiques croisés a été effectuée pour contribuer au choix d’une bonne race amélioratrice à utiliser dans le croisement d’absorption de la chèvre locale. Au total 1 923 fiches de lactation de chèvres de races pures et croisées F1 et F2 ont servi à estimer les paramètres de production laitière : production totale traite (kg), durée de lactation (jours) et moyenne journalière (kg/jour). Les variables quantitatives individuelles ont été soumises à des analyses de la variance (Anova) et des tests de comparaison de moyennes (Student, Newman et Keuls) (α = 5 p. 100). Les résultats ont montré que la production laitière de la chèvre locale restait réduite même en conditions oasiennes intensives. Les performances des races importées ont été largement inférieures à celles réalisées dans leurs pays d’origine. Le croisement entre les races caprines a sensiblement amélioré la performance laitière de la chèvre locale. Alors que la production laitière moyenne a été de 133,5 kg par lactation chez la chèvre locale (n = 10), elle a été de 172,5 kg en première génération pour les trois types de croisements sans différence significative entre eux (n = 46), de 188,7 kg en deuxième génération pour les trois types de croisements (n = 46), et de 226,2 kg en deuxième génération pour le croisement avec la race Alpine (n = 14).

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8

Brahim, Nadhem, Nissaf Karbout, Latifa Dhaouadi, and Abdelhakim Bouajila. "Global Landscape of Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen in the Soils of Oasis Ecosystems in Southern Tunisia." Agronomy 11, no. 10 (September 22, 2021): 1903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11101903.

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The oasis soils of Tunisia face several climatic and soil constraints. Trying to have cultures that are profitable and beneficial in terms of soil C and N sequestration in such environments is already a challenge. To conduct this, we tested under identical conditions four types of occupation in sub-plots adjacent to the crops; barley alone, alfalfa alone, intercropping barley/alfalfa, and a control fallow in a saline gypseous desert soil poor in organic matter. Field experimentation was carried out in the oasis of Degache, which is very representative of other Tunisian oases. The stocks of C and N of the plot were calculated from the start in September 2019 before the installation of the different crops. After 21 months, the control plot shows a decrease of −41% in its stock of C and −25% in its stock N. However, the best result is that of the barley/alfalfa intercropping with an increase of +126.46% in the C stock and +178.67% in the N stock. After almost two years of experience, the beneficial effect of the intercropping system in the oasis is clear. These results are very motivating and seem to be a solution to the rapid decline in soil organic stocks.

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9

Saddoud Deddabi, Olfa, Cinzia Montemurro, Sihem Ben Maachia, Fathi Ben Amar, Valentina Fanelli, Susanna Gadaleta, Milad El Riachy, et al. "A Hot Spot of Olive Biodiversity in the Tunisian Oasis of Degache." Diversity 12, no. 9 (September 17, 2020): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12090358.

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Tunisia is one of the world’s largest producers of olive oil, and it preserves pools of olive genetic diversity that are still unexplored. A recent prospection and collection program of the National Gene Bank of Tunisia (NGBT) focused on the vast oasis of Degache, in the south west part of Tunisia, where 47 samples were collected and genetically characterized through simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Identification and authentication of genotypes were obtained through comparison with reference cultivars belonging to the Olive National Collection of Tunisia (IOC) and with cultivars from Algeria, Italia, Syria and Lebanon. Degache olive genotypes showed large genetic variability, a significant diversity from the reference germplasm, and a clear differentiation from modern varieties. The population structure analysis identified four gene pools characterizing genotypes from different area of origin. Two gene pools appear to be more represented in germplasm from southern Tunisia, where environmental conditions at critical plant development phases, are harsher. This suggests that this germplasm might present traits of adaptation useful for breeding to improve resilience to abiotic stresses. Our results will support ex situ and in situ conservation activities of Tunisian olive germplasm pursued by the National Gene Bank of Tunisia.

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10

Ayeb, Naziha, Besma Majdoub, Mohamed Dbara, Imen Fguiri, Soufiene Khorchani, Mohamed Hammadi, and Touhami Khorchani. "Quality and fatty acid profile of milk of indigenous dairy goats fed from oasis resources in Tunisian arid areas." Animal Production Science 60, no. 17 (2020): 2044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an19645.

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Context The food security of Tunisia is dependent on utilising all of its resources effectively to feed the population. Rangelands used for grazing are subject to continuous degradation, which reduces the availability of feeds to livestock. In the oasis regions, this constraint is attenuated by the systematic use of various by-products of the palm grove. There is a need to constantly search for alternative feed resources to support ruminant-livestock farming in arid regions and, therefore, the products of desert oases need to be exploited Aims The present work aimed to determine the effect of the use of local resources of oases on feed intake and milk quality of goats. Methods Twenty-four indigenous lactating goats were used to investigate the effect of the substitution of the concentrate feed with alternative feed obtained from oases in Tunisian arid zones. The three study groups in the 60-day trial were as follows: the first group received 0% date waste (WD) + 100% concentrate (CON) + oaten hay; the second group received 50% WD + 30% alfalfa cork (AC) + 20% CON + alfalfa hay; and the third group received 50% WD + 50% AC and no CON + alfalfa hay. Key results Feed intake was higher in Group 2 (1167.10 ± 42.8 g DM/day) than in Groups 3 and 1 (1028.9 ± 68.9 and 856.04 ± 58.9 g DM/day respectively. Average daily milk production did not differ among the groups. Dietary fat and crude protein were not affected by the type of ration. The concentrations of saturated fatty acids were similar in the milk of the three groups. In the three groups studied, the ratio n6:n3 (12.80, 8.80 and 6.77) was higher than the recommended value (<5) for human consumption. Conclusions The use of WD did not affect milk production but it improved the nutritional quality of milk, especially the composition of fatty acid (ratio n6/n3). Implications The use of alternative resources in goat feeding, such as WD and alfalfa cork, can replace the use of market feeds and decrease the costs of animal feed.

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11

Saddoud Debbabi, Olfa, Sameh Rahmani Mnasri, Fathi Ben Amar, M’barek Ben Naceur, Cinzia Montemurro, and Monica Marilena Miazzi. "Applications of Microsatellite Markers for the Characterization of Olive Genetic Resources of Tunisia." Genes 12, no. 2 (February 18, 2021): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12020286.

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Among the countries of the Mediterranean Basin, Tunisia is located at the crossroad for the immigration of several civilizations over the last two millennia, becoming a strategic place for gene flow, and a secondary center of diversity for olive species. Olive is one of the principal crop species in Tunisia and now it strongly characterizes the rural landscape of the country. In recent years, collecting missions on farm and in situ were carried out by various institutes, with special emphasis given to ex situ collections serving as a reference for the identification of olive germplasm. Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) represent the easiest and cheapest markers for olive genetic fingerprinting and have been the tool of choice for studying the genetic diversity of this crop in Tunisia, to resolve cases of homonymy and synonymy among the commercialized varieties, to identify rare cultivars, to improve knowledge about the genetic variability of this crop, to identify a hot spot of olive biodiversity in the Tunisian oasis of Degache, and to enrich the national reference collection of olive varieties. The present review describes the state of the art of the genetic characterization of the Tunisian olive germplasm and illustrate the progress obtained through the SSR markers, in individuating interesting genotypes that could be used for facing incoming problems determined by climate changes.

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12

Ayadi, Tasnim, Slaheddine Selmi, Abdessalem Hammouda, Sandra Reis, Thierry Boulinier, and Claire Loiseau. "Diversity, prevalence and host specificity of avian parasites in southern Tunisian oases." Parasitology 145, no. 7 (November 23, 2017): 971–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182017002141.

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AbstractOases are semi-natural woodlots surrounded by an inhospitable desert environment. This insular-like habitat system is known to support a mixture of sedentary and migratory bird species originating from different areas. However, little is known about the interactions between these birds and parasites. In this study, we investigated the diversity, prevalence and host specificity of avian haemosporidian parasites in southern Tunisian oases in two sedentary and common bird species, the laughing doveSpilopelia senegalensisand hybrid sparrowPasser domesticus × hispaniolensis, in six sites that differ regarding vegetation structure and distance to the coast. Two newHaemoproteuslineages, related to otherHaemoproteustransmitted by biting midges, were detected in doves. With regard to sparrows, all detected parasites have previously been reported in other sparrow populations, except for one newHaemoproteuslineage. Our results also showed that densely vegetated sites were characterized by the higher prevalence ofPlasmodiumbut a lower prevalence ofHaemoproteuscompared with less-vegetated sites. This is the first study aiming to explore avian parasites in the oasis habitat. Gathering data on a larger sample of oases with different sizes and isolation levels will be the next step to better understand factors shaping the transmission dynamics of avian parasites in such ecosystems.

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13

Peano, Cristiana, Stefania Caron, Mohamed Mahfoudhi, Khouloud Zammel, Houda Zaidi, and Francesco Sottile. "A Participatory Agrobiodiversity Conservation Approach in the Oases: Community Actions for the Promotion of Sustainable Development in Fragile Areas." Diversity 13, no. 6 (June 8, 2021): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13060253.

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Rural development policies today include significant directions towards ecological transition and sustainability. Biodiversity plays a fundamental role, especially in fragile environments. The North African oases, for example, are socio-ecological structures with delicate balances in terms of natural resources, where the activation of participatory conservation approaches appears today to be very useful, aiming at long-lasting results. This type of approach was applied in the oasis of El Hamma, in Tunisia. The socio-ecological analysis was carried out through semi-structured interviews with different stakeholders of the oasis. The results were used to activate focus groups and to identify, in a participatory way, a conservation strategy for the species and the varieties at risk of erosion or disappearing. From this research, a wide spread of non-traditional date palm and vegetables emerged in a very diverse social context. These products were recognized as highly significant in terms of traditional knowledge by all stakeholders. Therefore, a Maison des semences and a public conservation center for perennial species were created, representing the first step of a participatory conservation model. Seeds of 11 traditional annual species, 10 date palm varieties and, in perspective, many other fruit species and vegetable varieties have been introduced into conservation.

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Mejri, Emna, Rainer Helmig, and Rachida Bouhlila. "Modeling of Evaporation-Driven Multiple Salt Precipitation in Porous Media with a Real Field Application." Geosciences 10, no. 10 (October 4, 2020): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10100395.

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Soil and groundwater salinization are very important environmental issues of global concern. They threaten mainly the arid and semiarid regions characterized by dry climate conditions and an increase of irrigation practices. Among these regions, the south of Tunisia is considered, on the one hand, to be a salt-affected zone facing a twofold problem: The scarcity of water resources and the degradation of their quality due to the overexploitation of the aquifers for irrigation needs. On the other hand, this Tunisian landform is the only adequate area for planting date palm trees which provide the country with the first and most important exportation product. In order to maintain the existence of these oases and develop the date production, a good understanding of the salinization problem threatening this region, and the ability to predict its distribution and evolution, should not be underestimated. The work presented in this paper deals with the Oasis of Segdoud in southern Tunisia, with the objective of modeling the evaporation-driven salt precipitation processes at the soil profile scale and under real climatic conditions. The model used is based on the one developed and presented in a previous work. In order to fulfil the real field conditions, a further extension of the geochemical system of the existing model was required. The precipitated salts considered in this work were halite (NaCl), gypsum (CaSO4) and thenardite (Na2SO4). The extended model reproduces very well the same tendencies of the physico-chemical processes of the natural system in terms of the spatio-temporal distribution and evolution of the evaporation and multiple-salt precipitation. It sheds new lights on the simulation of sequences of salt precipitation in arid regions. The simulation results provide an analysis of the influence of salt precipitation on hydrodynamic properties of the porous medium (porosity and permeability). Moreover, the sensitivity analysis done here reveals the influence of the water table level on the evaporation rate.

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15

Ferjani, Raoudha, Ramona Marasco, Eleonora Rolli, Hanene Cherif, Ameur Cherif, Maher Gtari, Abdellatif Boudabous, Daniele Daffonchio, and Hadda-Imene Ouzari. "The Date Palm Tree Rhizosphere Is a Niche for Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria in the Oasis Ecosystem." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/153851.

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In arid ecosystems environmental factors such as geoclimatic conditions and agricultural practices are of major importance in shaping the diversity and functionality of plant-associated bacterial communities. Assessing the influence of such factors is a key to understand (i) the driving forces determining the shape of root-associated bacterial communities and (ii) the plant growth promoting (PGP) services they provide. Desert oasis environment was chosen as model ecosystem where agriculture is possible by the microclimate determined by the date palm cultivation. The bacterial communities in the soil fractions associated with the root system of date palms cultivated in seven oases in Tunisia were assessed by culture-independent and dependent approaches. According to 16S rRNA gene PCR-DGGE fingerprinting, the shapes of the date palm rhizosphere bacterial communities correlate with geoclimatic features along a north-south aridity transect. Despite the fact that the date palm root bacterial community structure was strongly influenced by macroecological factors, the potential rhizosphere services reflected in the PGP traits of isolates screenedin vitrowere conserved among the different oases. Such services were exerted by the 83% of the screened isolates. The comparable numbers and types of PGP traits indicate their importance in maintaining the plant functional homeostasis despite the different environmental selection pressures.

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Amor, Zied Haj, Nesma Feki, and Salem Bouri. "Irrigation water management in Southern continental oasis of Tunisia." IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology 8, no. 3 (2014): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2402-08314858.

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HAMMOUDA, A., S. LECOLLINET, F. HAMZA, I. NASRI, A. NEB, and S. SELMI. "Exposure of resident sparrows to West Nile virus evidenced in South Tunisia." Epidemiology and Infection 143, no. 16 (May 21, 2015): 3546–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268814003860.

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SUMMARYDuring the last few years, several cases of West Nile virus (WNV) infection in humans have been reported in Tunisia. However, detailed information on WNV infection in wild birds, the primary amplifying host of WNV, are lacking. In this work, we investigated the exposure of wild sparrows (hybrid Passer domesticus × hispaniolensis) living in two oases in southern Tunisia (Gabès and Kébili oases) to WNV, through the detection of WNV-specific antibodies by using ELISA and microneutralization tests. In total, 208 birds were sampled (54 from Kébili, 154 from Gabès). Anti-WNV antibodies were detected in two birds, corresponding to an overall seroprevalence of 1%. There was no significant difference between the two sampled populations [1·85% (1/54) in Kébili, 0·65% (1/154) in Gabès]. These data provide indirect evidence of the exposure of resident sparrows in southern Tunisia to WNV.

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18

Habib Ben Hassine, Habib Ben Hassine. "Effects of Underground Water on Soil Salinity and Dates Production in Kebili Oases Area (Tunisia): The Case of El Bahaier Oasis." IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology 4, no. 4 (2013): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2402-0445158.

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19

Anan, Haidar Salim. "LEROYI: A NEW TETHYAN LAGENID BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL GENUS." Earth Sciences Pakistan 4, no. 2 (July 14, 2020): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/esp.02.2020.60.64.

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Leroyi n. gen., is introduced to include the Cretaceous-Neogene (predominantly Maastrichtian-Eocene) benthic Lagenid foraminiferids from many Tethyan localities that characterized by its slightly coiled early portion of the smooth test, later slightly arcuate uniserial chambers increasing in length as added, oblique depressed sutures, aperture radial of dorsal angle. I suggest Leroyi as a new genus to accommodate foraminifera with these characters. This new genus have been previously assigned to Marginulina sp. C of LeRoy (1953), and here assigned as a genotype of the new genus. Four species were previously described from two localities in Egypt (Maqfi section, Farafra Oasis and Nekhl section, Sinai) are treated here as a new species of the new genus, and formally named as: Leroyi aegyptiaca Anan, n. sp., L. maqfiensis Anan, n. sp., L. deserti (Said & Kenawy, 1956), L. ghorabi (Said & Kenawy, 1956). One Tunisian species: Leroyi tunisiana Anan, n. sp. is added to these Egyptian species. Another European and American species: Leroyi glabra (d’Orbigny) is added to these Laginid group. These six species of the Lagenid new genus Leroyi are recorded in six localities in the Tethys (USA, France, Italy, Tunisia Egypt, UAE and India).

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Saidi, S., K. Zribi, Y. Badri, and M. E. Aouani. "Genetic characterisation and symbiotic proprieties of native sinorhizobia trapped by Medicago sativa on Tunisian soils." Soil Research 47, no. 3 (2009): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr08014.

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Medicago sativa, a perennial species of the genus Medicago, is particularly cultivated in the Tunisian oases. Three M. sativa cultivated varieties (Magali A, Gabès2355, ABT805) and 1 genotype from a local provenance (Widhref) were cultivated on 4 Tunisian soil samples exhibiting contrasting pedo-climatic characteristics. Results showed that nodulation and aerial growth were significantly dependent on both variety and soil factors. Magali A showed the highest number of nodules, and varieties grown in Amra and Mateur soils produced the largest nodulation and aerial growth. A collection of 250 rhizobial isolates was obtained from the 4 soils by trapping them on M. sativa. Molecular characterisation by PCR/RFLP of 16S genes showed that almost all isolates (158 of 160 isolates) belong to Sinorhizobium meliloti. The subsequent analysis of isolates from 2 contrasting soils (Mateur, in the north of Tunisia, and Rgim Maatoug, in the south) demonstrated that strains harbour polymorphism at symbiotic genes, with 4 nodC genotypes, 2 nifDK genotypes and 2 nodA genotypes. The 2 soils contained different symbiont genotypes. The distribution of various profiles types was different according to geographic sites. The soils of Mateur and Rgim Maatoug do not contain the same genotypes. Eleven representative strains from this collection were evaluated for their nodulation and nitrogen fixation capacities. Results showed a high degree of variability among strains for nodulation and aerial growth parameters, and only 2 strains, GII/M1 and LII/M1, seem to be effective with all 4 varieties of M. sativa tested. Strains isolated from the soil of northern Tunisia were more efficient and produced fewer nodules than those trapped on southern soil.

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Gtari, Maher, Daniele Daffonchio, and Abdellatif Boudabous. "Assessment of the genetic diversity ofFrankiamicrosymbionts ofElaeagnus angustifoliaL. plants growing in a Tunisian date-palm oasis by analysis of PCR amplifiednifD-Kintergenic spacer." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 53, no. 3 (March 2007): 440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w06-139.

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Diversity of Frankia microsymbionts of non-native Elaeagnus angustifolia L. plants spontaneously growing in a Tunisian desertic retreat area, the date-palm oasis of Tozeur, was investigated by polymerase chain reaction – restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) and PCR-sequencing techniques targeting the nifD-K intergenic spacer. Three PCR–RFLP haplotypes (I, II, and III) were detected among collected nodules. Haplotype I was detected at all five sampling sites and dominated the other haplotypes present at these sites. This haplotype was also exhibited by strain BMG5.10, which was isolated by a plant-capturing assay in 1998 from soil collected in the same locality, qualifying it to be the most competitive haplotype in the edapho-climatic condition of the studied desertic date-palm oasis. nifD-K sequences of the three haplotypes formed a closely related phylogenetic subgroup. These results suggest that Frankia variability is constrained by severe edapho-climatic conditions of retreated desert in Tunisian area.

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Sadfi-Zouaoui, N., I. Hannachi, M. Rouaissi, M. R. Hajlaoui, M. B. Rubio, E. Monte, A. Boudabous, and M. R. Hermosa. "Biodiversity of Trichoderma strains in Tunisia." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 55, no. 2 (February 2009): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w08-101.

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Trichoderma strains were sampled in 4 different bioclimatic zones of Tunisia, a Mediterranean North African country with strong climatic and edaphic variability from north to south, to assess the genetic diversity of endemic species of Trichoderma and their relationship to the bioclimatic zones. In all, 53 strains were isolated and identified at the species level by analysis of their internal transcribed spacers regions 1 and 2 (ITS1 and ITS2) of the rDNA cluster and (or) a fragment of the translation elongation factor 1 (tef1) gene, using an online interactive key for species identification in Trichoderma and ex-type strains and taxonomically established isolates of Trichoderma as references. At least 2 different species were observed in each ecosystem. Trichoderma harzianum clade VI and Trichoderma longibrachiatum were present in forest soils in north Tunisia; Trichoderma atroviride and Trichoderma hamatum were found in cultivated fields in northeast Tunisia; T. harzianum clade VI, a Trichoderma sp. close to the T. harzianum complex, and Trichoderma saturnisporum were isolated from forest soils in central Tunisia; and T. harzianum clade II and T. hamatum were present in oasis soils in south Tunisia.

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Rousselin, Mathieu. "A study in dispossession: the political ecology of phosphate in Tunisia." Journal of Political Ecology 25, no. 1 (February 13, 2018): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v25i1.22006.

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This article seeks to evidence the social, environmental and political repercussions of phosphate extraction and transformation on two peripheral Tunisian cities (Gabes and Gafsa). After positing the difference between class environmentalism and political ecology, it addresses the harmful effects of phosphate transformation on the world's last coastal oasis and on various cities of the Gulf of Gabes. It then sheds light on the gross social, environmental and health inequalities brought about by phosphate extraction in the mining region of Gafsa. The confiscatory practices of the phosphate industry are subsequently linked with global production and distribution chains at the international level as well as with centralized and authoritarian forms of government at the national and local level. Dispossessed local communities have few alternatives other than violent protest movements and emigration towards urban centers of wealth. Using the recent experience in self-government in the Jemna palm grove, the article ends with a reflection on the possible forms of subaltern resistance to transnational extractivism and highlights the ambiguous role of the new "democratic state" as a power structure reproducing patterns of domination and repression inherited from the colonial period and cemented under the dictatorship of Ben Ali.Keywords: political ecology, transnational extractivism, phosphate, Tunisia.

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Robbana, Cyrine, Zakaria Kehel, Karim Ammar, Carlos Guzmán, M’Barek Ben Naceur, and Ahmed Amri. "Unlocking the Patterns of the Tunisian Durum Wheat Landraces Genetic Structure Based on Phenotypic Characterization in Relation to Farmer’s Vernacular Name." Agronomy 11, no. 4 (March 26, 2021): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040634.

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During the 1970s, Tunisian durum wheat landraces were replaced progressively by modern cultivars. These landraces are nowadays maintained by smallholder farmers in some ecological niches and are threatened gradually by extinction resulting in the narrowing of the genetic diversity. This study aims to investigate patterns of phenotypic variability using twelve quantitative traits in a panel of 189 durum wheat landraces and seven checks, based on farmer’s population name attribution and genetic structure. Our results showed high phenotypic variability among and within landraces and checks for ten out of twelve studied traits. The principal components analysis showed similar grouping using farmers name attribution and genetic structure using K = 6. These results confirmed the identification of a new gene pool in the oases of Tunisia, represented by the sub-population Jenah Zarzoura and the robustness and high relationships between phenotypic and genome-wide genetic structure using DArTseq method. These findings will enhance the conservation efforts of these landraces and their use in breeding efforts at national and international levels to adapt to dry conditions.

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Mamouni, Ali, Ahmed El Bakkali, Patrick Lambert, Lamia Krichen, Ahmed Oukabli, Jean Marc Audergon, Philippe Chatelet, Cherkaoui El Modafar, and Bouchaib Khadari. "Bottleneck and gene flow effects impact the genetic structure of seed-propagated apricot populations in Moroccan oasis agroecosystems." Plant Genetic Resources 12, no. 2 (December 4, 2013): 215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262113000543.

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In order to highlight the genetic status and origin of Moroccan apricot populations, trees were collected from ten oasis agroecosystems and analysed with AFLP markers. A total of 87 accessions and 12 cultivars grown in Moroccan orchards, including ‘Canino’ and ‘Del Patriarca’ cultivars, were surveyed and compared with in situ Tunisian and ex situ Montfavet (France) collections. Our results highlighted a narrow genetic diversity in the Maghreb region (Tunisia and Morocco) associated with a strong differentiation from the other groups, which supports a bottleneck effect. A similar model was illustrated at a finer geographical scale, i.e. the Draa Valley in Morocco. Genetic structure appeared as two major clusters subdivided into six sub-clusters in which Moroccan germplasm constituted specific groups in comparison with other Mediterranean apricots. Moroccan germplasm was classified into three sub-clusters, two of which were formed by genotypes related to ‘Del Patriarca’ and ‘Canino’, respectively. The present study highlights the wide Moroccan apricot's diversity in traditional agroecosystems, and also suggests a substantial gene flow occurring from recently introduced cultivars (‘Canino’ and ‘Del Patriarca’) to local apricot populations, thus leading to local germplasm diversification through seedling propagation. If we consider its geographical position, the historical diffusion of the species and farming practices, Morocco could be viewed as an additional centre of secondary diversification for apricot. Understanding the origin and specificity of local apricot populations is crucial for managing local collections in regard to adaptive traits for arid and Saharan conditions as well as for introducing local genetic resources into current breeding programmes.

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Alaya-Ltifi, Leila, Mohamed Ali Chokri, and Slaheddine Selmi. "Breeding performance of passerines in a polluted oasis habitat in southern Tunisia." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 79 (May 2012): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.12.018.

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Dendana, F., H. Trabelsi, S. Neiji, H. Sellami, S. Kammoun, F. Makni, J. Feki, F. Cheikhrouhou, and A. Ayadi. "Isolation and molecular identification of Acanthamoeba spp from oasis water in Tunisia." Experimental Parasitology 187 (April 2018): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2018.02.009.

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AUGER, PHILIPPE, SAMAH BEN CHAABAN, KAOUTHAR LEBDI GRISSA, OTHMAN KHOUALDIA, and CARLOS H. W. FLECHTMANN. "Five new species of Tetranychidae (Acarina, Prostigmata) from south Tunisian oasis areas." Zootaxa 2232, no. 1 (September 15, 2009): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2232.1.2.

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In this paper we present the description of five new species of tetranychid mites collected in south Tunisian oasis areas. These are: Bryobia alveolata sp. nov., Aplonobia crispipilis sp. nov., Petrobia (Petrobia) carthagensis sp. nov., Petrobia (Petrobia) pseudotetranychina sp. nov. and Tetranychus (Tetranychus) atriplexi sp. nov. The notion of dorsal tubercles used to separate the sub-genera Tetranychina from Petrobia sensu stricto and Mesotetranychus among the genus Petrobia is also discussed.

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KREITER, SERGE, and MARIE-STÉPHANE TIXIER. "A new genus and species of phytoseiid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) from southern Tunisia, with discussion of its phylogenetic position." Zootaxa 1237, no. 1 (June 19, 2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1237.1.1.

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The phytoseiid mite Africoseiulella flechtmanni gen. nov., sp. nov. is described from specimens collected on an unknown small weed growing under palm trees in an oasis in southern Tunisia. This mite is unique in the following combination of characteristics: dorsal shield of both sexes and male ventri-anal shield eroded; all dorsal shield setae minute; peritreme very short; setae JV1, JV3, JV4 and ZV1 absent; hypostome elongate; chelicera with long median segment but digits short and edentate; legs short and without macrosetae. The phylogenetic relationships of this new genus with close taxa are analysed; its taxonomic position within the Typhlodrominae is uncertain.

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Abid, Mabrouka, Elhem Mansour, Leila Ben Yahia, Khouloud Bachar, Abdenaceur Ben Khaled, and Ali Ferchichi. "Alfalfa nutritive quality as influenced by drought in South-Eastern Oasis of Tunisia." Italian Journal of Animal Science 15, no. 2 (April 2, 2016): 334–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1828051x.2016.1175916.

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Alaya-Ltifi, Leila, and Slaheddine Selmi. "Passerine abundance and diversity in a polluted oasis habitat in south-eastern Tunisia." European Journal of Wildlife Research 60, no. 3 (April 15, 2014): 535–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10344-014-0817-0.

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Hammami, H., N. Hamed, and A. Ayadi. "Epidemiological studies onFasciola hepaticain Gafsa oases (South West of Tunisia)." Parasite 14, no. 3 (September 2007): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2007143261.

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Santoro, Antonio, Martina Venturi, Sihem Ben Maachia, Fadwa Benyahia, Federica Corrieri, Francesco Piras, and Mauro Agnoletti. "Agroforestry Heritage Systems as Agrobiodiversity Hotspots. The Case of the Mountain Oases of Tunisia." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 15, 2020): 4054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104054.

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Traditional agricultural systems are receiving increasing attention at the international level due to their multifunctional role. The Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) programme of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) aims to identify agricultural systems of global importance, preserve landscape, agrobiodiversity and traditional knowledge and apply the principles of dynamic conservation to promote sustainable development. Biodiversity associated to traditional agricultural practices is particularly important, especially in difficult environments, like traditional oases, for ensuring food and nutrition to local communities. We documented landscape and biological diversity associated with traditional agricultural practices in three traditional oases in Tunisia, through a landscape analysis based on land-use survey, and an assessment of cultivated species. Results show that the landscape structure is dominated by agricultural land uses and characterized by a high level of diversification. Agrobiodiversity is high: we identified 20 varieties of date palm, 21 species of fruit trees, 21 vegetable species and two fodder crops. Results highlighted that traditional oases, as other agroforestry and agricultural heritage systems, continue to play a crucial role in maintaining genetic resources and agrobiodiversity. Farmers who, all over the world, still cultivate applying traditional practices are the main actors that practice a real conservation of genetic resources and diversity by maintaining traditional cultivars and a diversified landscape structure. Our methodology, based on the combined assessment of land uses and agrobiodiversity, can be replicated in other agricultural heritage systems to evaluate and measure possible transformations and identify the best strategies for their preservation.

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Daoud, Abdelkrim. "Aménagements hydrauliques et construction des territoires: cas des oasis de Réjim Maâtoug (Sud tunisien)." Insaniyat / إنسانيات, no. 51-52 (June 30, 2011): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/insaniyat.12595.

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Kamel, Samir. "Salinisation origin and hydrogeochemical behaviour of the Djerid oasis water table aquifer (southern Tunisia)." Arabian Journal of Geosciences 6, no. 6 (December 13, 2011): 2103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12517-011-0502-5.

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36

Mokadem, Naziha, Younes Hamed, Mohamed Hfaid, and Hamed Ben Dhia. "Hydrogeochemical and isotope evidence of groundwater evolution in El Guettar Oasis area, Southwest Tunisia." Carbonates and Evaporites 30, no. 4 (February 22, 2015): 417–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13146-015-0235-8.

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37

Maatoug, Souad, Nadhem Brahim, and Abdessatar Hatira. "Amendment of Saline Soils by Adding Sand in the Old Oasis of Nefzaoua in Tunisia." Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 16, no. 4 (September 15, 2019): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.16.6019.

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Ibrahimi, Mohamed Khaled, Tsuyoshi Miyazaki, and Taku Nishimura. "A high measurement frequency based assessment of shallow groundwater fluctuations in Metouia Oasis, South Tunisia." Hydrological Research Letters 4 (2010): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3178/hrl.4.75.

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39

Dhawadi, L., and H. Daghari. "DETERMINATION OF PERFORMANCE FACTORS OF DRIP IRRIGATION FOR DATE PALM (THE OASIS OF GAFSA: SOUTHERN TUNISIA)." Acta Horticulturae, no. 882 (December 2010): 845–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2010.882.97.

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40

Gaddour, A., S. Najari, M. Ouni, and M. Ben Hamouda. "Productivité de génotypes caprins de race pure et par croisement dans les oasis du Sud tunisien." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 61, no. 3-4 (March 1, 2008): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9990.

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La comparaison des races pures caprines et des génotypes issus de croisement d’absorption de la chèvre locale par des races amélioratrices a pour but de déterminer les meilleurs génotypes caprins qui permettent la valorisation des ressources des oasis. L’étude des performances individuelles de croissance des chevreaux de la population locale, des races Alpine, Damasquine et Murciana- Granadina est insuffisante pour conclure sur l’intérêt génétique et économique lors du choix de la race amélioratrice. La présente étude a permis d’établir des indices bioéconomiques pour évaluer la productivité des groupes génétiques purs et croisés. L’indice viande a corrigé les performances de la croissance par le poids métabolique des adultes et les taux de productivité numérique. L’analyse des indices, élaborés à partir d’un fichier de données de seize campagnes de contrôles des performances, a conduit à des évaluations des génotypes assez différentes de celles établies à partir des comparaisons des performances individuelles. Il est nécessaire d’élaborer des indices plus complets, qui permettent de mieux considérer la productivité ainsi que les charges de l’élevage caprin intensif, et de les appliquer à l’ensemble des données afin de répondre aux objectifs génétiques et économiques du projet de croisement d’absorption de la population caprine locale.

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41

Ben-Slimane, Karim, Rachida Justo, and Nabil Khelil. "Institutional Entrepreneurship in a Contested Commons: Insights from Struggles Over the Oasis of Jemna in Tunisia." Journal of Business Ethics 166, no. 4 (August 18, 2020): 673–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-020-04601-6.

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42

Nafti, M., Z. Khaldi, and B. Haddad. "Multivariate characterization of morphological traits in local Tunisian oases goats." Animal Genetic Resources/Ressources génétiques animales/Recursos genéticos animales 55 (December 2014): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2078633614000265.

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43

Dhaher, Najem. "Le patrimoine saharien tunisien au défi d’un tourisme durable : le cas de Tozeur et Nefta." Arbor 193, no. 785 (November 6, 2017): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2017.785n3004.

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En las ciudades saharianas del suroeste de Túnez, afamadas por su cultura, sus tradiciones y por un patrimonio arquitectónico muy particular, el turismo ha provocado estos últimos años un esfuerzo de reflexión en torno a la noción de patrimonio orientada a sistematizar la oferta turística y a promover un desarrollo local. El turismo y el patrimonio en estos espacios desérticos frágiles y vulnerables son hoy dos realidades que marcan profundamente los paisajes, las actividades económicas y culturales y los movimientos de población. Estos procesos, que se han convertido en una de las preocupaciones tanto de los actores públicos como de los privados, han contribuido, a través de nuevas creaciones en términos de representación y de uso de los lugares, a una reinvención de la ciudad tradicional sahariana y de su oasis, conocidos como bienes comunes territoriales por excelencia que alimentan la adhesión de los individuos a los lugares donde viven. Frente a un turismo que no siempre se adhiere a estrategias y a prácticas de desarrollo sostenible especialmente en estos espacios concretos, nos preguntamos precisamente cómo este último puede reducir los perjuicios para el patrimonio que el turismo puede ocasionar en una perspectiva de sostenibilidad territorial. [fr] Dans les villes sahariennes du sud-ouest Tunisien réputées pour leur culture, leurs traditions et leur patrimoine architectural très particulier, le tourisme a provoqué ces dernières années un effort réflexif autour de la notion de patrimoine destinée à systématiser l’offre touristique et à promouvoir un développement local. Aujourd’hui, le tourisme et le patrimoine dans ces espaces désertiques fragiles et vulnérables sont deux réalités qui marquent profondément les paysages, les activités économiques et culturelles et les mouvements de population. Ces processus, devenus une des préoccupations des acteurs aussi bien publics que privés, ont contribué par les créations nouvelles qu’ils engendrent en termes de représentation et d’utilisation des lieux, à une réinvention de la ville traditionnelle saharienne et de son oasis connus comme biens communs territoriaux par excellence qui nourrissent l’attachement des individus à leurs lieux de vie. En effet, face à un tourisme qui n’est pas toujours inscrit dans des stratégies et des pratiques de développement durable notamment dans ces espaces spécifiques, l’on se demande comment ce dernier peut réduire les nuisances que le tourisme peut occasionner pour le patrimoine dans une perspective de durabilité territoriale?.

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Bouksila, F., M. Persson, A. Bahri, and R. Berndtsson. "Electromagnetic induction prediction of soil salinity and groundwater properties in a Tunisian Saharan oasis." Hydrological Sciences Journal 57, no. 7 (September 4, 2012): 1473–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2012.717701.

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45

Boukhriss, Jihen, Slaheddine Selmi, and Saïd Nouira. "Bird nest predation in a southern Tunisian oasis habitat: No evidence of “edge effect”." Acta Oecologica 35, no. 2 (March 2009): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2008.09.005.

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46

Loumerem, Mohamed, Ali Ferchichi, Mansour Haddad, Mohamed Ali Abdel Rahim, and Hedi Hajjaji. "Collection and evaluation of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) germplasm from oases of Tunisia." Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 54, no. 8 (October 19, 2007): 1645–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10722-007-9275-9.

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47

Hamed, Younes, Sadek Awad, and Amina Ben Sâad. "Nitrate contamination in groundwater in the Sidi Aïch–Gafsa oases region, Southern Tunisia." Environmental Earth Sciences 70, no. 5 (April 2, 2013): 2335–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2445-5.

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48

Mekki, Insaf, Frederic Jacob, Serge Marlet, and Wafa Ghazouani. "Management of groundwater resources in relation to oasis sustainability: The case of the Nefzawa region in Tunisia." Journal of Environmental Management 121 (May 2013): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.02.041.

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Vernoux, J. F., F. Jarraya Horriche, and R. Ghoudi. "Numerical groundwater flow modeling for managing the Gabes Jeffara aquifer system (Tunisia) in relation with oasis ecosystems." Hydrogeology Journal 28, no. 3 (February 11, 2020): 1077–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-020-02123-z.

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El Arbi, Amel, Alice Rochex, Gabrielle Chataigné, Max Béchet, Didier Lecouturier, Ségolène Arnauld, Néji Gharsallah, and Philippe Jacques. "The Tunisian oasis ecosystem is a source of antagonistic Bacillus spp. producing diverse antifungal lipopeptides." Research in Microbiology 167, no. 1 (January 2016): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2015.09.003.

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