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Ахметзянов, Marsel Akhmetzyanov, Таланов, and Ivan Talanov. "NUTRITION BACKGROUND EFFECT ON PRODUCTIVITY OF OATS." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 9, no. 1 (September 7, 2014): 88–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/3816.
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Owing to the agriculture intensification increasing, unreasonably extensive use of chemicals, comprehensive mechanization, intensive tillage, together with an increase in productivity leads to noticeable undesirable results. The contamination grow, the infectiousness of fields by pests and diseases of agricultural crops increases, due to decomposition of humus, the soil fertility gradually decreases, and the quality of the products is deteriorating by the presence of hazardous compounds for health, ecological balance is disturbed environment. In this connection, so that to solve these problems, it is necessary to develop farming biologzation, namely the expansion of perennial grasses, reducing the use of fertilizers, pesticides and other chemicals, the use of intermediate crops for fodder and green manure, the use of crop residues and organic fertilizers, the use of advanced tillage methods. In recent years, the study of some specific biologzation elements are held in Russia too, but without an integrated approach. An intensification of the use of biological means of soil fertility was contributed to: creation an optimum density of the addition of the soil; creation better moisture content of crops; phytosanitary condition of crops. The maximum crop productivity (4.03 tons per hectare) was obtained, when adding straw and stubbly green manure, the cost of 1 ton of grain was decreased, compared with mineral background to 281.4 rubles, the net income was higher to 1593.6 rubles per hectare, the profitability of oat production was 52.8%, against 32.5% on a mineral background.
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Helenius, Juha, and Päivi Ronni. "Yield, its components and pest incidence in mixed intercropping of oats (Avena sativa) and field beans (Vicia faba)." Agricultural and Food Science 61, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72348.
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Seed yields, yield components, pest incidence and damage were examined in two field experiments of mixed intercropping of oats (Avena sativa) with field beans (Vicia faba) in Southern Finland in 1984—1985.The stand types were monocrops and replacement series of mixtures with 2/3 and 1/3 or 1/3 and 2/3 of oats and beans, respectively, on plots treated or not treated with insecticide. In the first season when the overall performance of the crops was poor and the numbers of the main pest Rhopalosiphum padi (Horn., Aphididae) on oats low, the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) index indicated an intercropping advantage in the bean yield and a disadvantage in the oat yield, the insecticide treatment having no effect on the overall nor on the relative performance of the component crops. The site used during the second season was of high fertility, thus favouring oats over beans. The LERs indicated no advantage or disadvantage in mixed cropping for either oats or beans when R. padi was not controlled. Spraying against R. padi improved the performance of oats, the mixture with 1/3 oats showing an advantage over the monocrop. Simultaneously, there were signs (p = 0.08) of a reduction in the relative performance of the beans. The indicative results support the hypothesis of interspecific dynamics in compensatory yielding as an element of improved reliability in intercropping. The yield components most sensitive to the change in cropping pattern were the number of panicles per plant in oats and the seed weight in beans, both increasing in the mixtures. Compared to known responses to stand density in monocrops, the beans responded to the mixed cropping in a more specific way than the oats. Mixed cropping increased the numbers of aphids in oats. There were signs of a reduced incidence, but not of a reduced average colony size, of Aphis fabae, and of a reduced rate of notching by Sitona spp. weevils on beans in mixed cropping. The results for damage by the frit fly (Oscinella frit) were inconclusive.
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Kucher, Anatoliy. "Estimation of effectiveness of usage of liquid organic fertilizer in the context of rational land use: a case study of Ukraine." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 8, no. 2 (November 1, 2018): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.3573.
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The purpose of the article – to perform comparative analysis of the economic effectiveness of the 10 samples of organic fertilizer of pig farm, bio humus “Humivit” and mineral fertilizers (Nitroamofoska, ammonium nitrate, carbamide) on the example of oats. The study used the following methods: abstract-logical, cash-analytical, cash-equivalent, expert, monographic. The research was done in Ukraine. The results of the comparative analysis of economic effectiveness of the 10 samples of organic pig fertilizer, bio humus “Humivit” and mineral fertilizers (Nitroamofoska, ammonium nitrate, carbamide) in the example of oats on the green mass show that the use of organic fertilizers sample number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10 is an economically effective, while organic fertilizers of sample number 7, 8, 9 are economically inefficient. By the main indicators of economic effectiveness (coefficients of payback, conditional additional profit, level of profitability) organic fertilizers sample number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10 have significant competitive advantages over the studied brands of mineral fertilizers and bio humus “Humivit”. The use of organic pig fertilizers, except the sample number 8, in economic terms for the impact on potential soil fertility is more effective than bio humus “Humivit”. The most significant economic benefits for the impact on potential soil fertility are samples of organic fertilizers pig number 1, 5, 10, whose application generates the lowest cost price of humus. The element of novelty is that with using the author’s scientific and methodical approach it was conducted the estimation of economic effectiveness of the liquid organic fertilizer of pig farm for the impact on potential soil fertility.
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Эседуллаев, Сабир, Sabir Esedullaev, Иван Мельцаев, and I. Meltsaev. "Biologized crop rotation – the main factor for fertility increases of sod-podzolic soils and arable land productivity in the Upper Volga." Agrarian Bulletin of the 190, no. 11 (November 14, 2019): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/article_5dcd861e3d2300.42959538.
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Abstract. The purpose of the study was to study the influence of biologized crop rotation with six fields by 50 %, saturated with legumes, on soil fertility and crop productivity on typical sod-podzolic light loamy soils of the Upper Volga. As a result of field experiments and laboratory studies, new data and knowledge about the effect of crop bipolarization on its productivity and the properties of sod-podzolic soil were obtained. For the first time in the region, it has been studied and established that use of legumes in the crop rotation instead of organic fertilizers partially contributes to the replenishment of the soil with organic matter and nitrogen in the form of organic residues and nodule bacteria, which leads to a decrease in the degradation of soil fertility or even to some improvement. By the end of rotation of the crop rotation when applying (NPK) 90 kg/ha compared with the control version (without NPK), in the biologized crop rotation, the humus content increased by 0.14 %, the acidity of the soil solution slightly decreased by 0.25 units, the content of nitrate nitrogen increased by 59 %, mobile phosphorus – by 72.8 % and exchange potassium – by 70.4 %. The density of soil compaction as a whole in a layer of 0–20 cm in occupied steam, under spring wheat and oats amounted to 1.22–1.24 g/cm3, in other crops (where treatment was not carried out for 2 years) – 1.35–1.39 g/cm3. Mineralization of flax tissue more actively occurred under clover 1st and 2nd years of use – 35.6–42.7 % and 31.0 and 37.3 % and in the employed (vetch-oat) – 26.5–34.4 %, less intensively under winter wheat – 20.9–27.5 and oats – 20.1–25.2 % and very weakly under spring wheat – 13.0–16.5 % at the control and the level of mineral nutrition, respectively. There were fewer weeds in winter wheat sowings – 84 pcs/m2, since it is more competitive with them, oats – 112 pcs, clover – 131 pcs, in a couple – 124 pcs and spring wheat – 138 pcs/m2. Productivity of crops to a greater extent was determined by the applied fertilizers. In fertilized plots, compared with the control, the productivity of the oatmeal mixture was 36.2 % higher, spring wheat – 24.4 %, clover 1st year of use – by 36.2 %, 2nd year of use – by 45.7 %, winter wheat – by 25.7 % and oats – by 30 %.
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Larionov, Yuriy S., Valeriy B. Zharnikov, and Andrey A. Stukanov. "FORMATION OF RATIONAL AGRICULTURAL LAND USE SYSTEM ON THE BASIS OF SOIL FERTILITY RECREATION THEORY." Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies) 25, no. 3 (2020): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2020-25-3-241-250.
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The article represents scientific and methodological approach to the problem of rational agricultural land use system formation (RALUS) based on soil fertility recreation theory. The main methods of research: system approach to the analysis of subject matter, theoretical generalization of the problem condition. The basis of approach to RALUS formation is the algorithm of soil fertility estimation, represented by a number of parameters, determining soil fertility, used in technological land use systems, determined by the main regional evolutional and ecological and genetic conditions for formation and recreation of the fertility level of the given soil types. The final estimation of agricultural land fertility level - the backbone of the RALUS economy of the municipality, is based on the calculation of productivity – getting the average values of biomass per unit area at the 8-10 most common cultivated crops and their mixtures (wheat, barley, oats, rye, peas, buckwheat, canola, rump, alfalfa, clover, etc.) in specific soil-climatic zone. As a result of the research, there were formulated the basis and content of the scientific and methodological approach to the estimation of the agricultural land fertility (productivity) level, as well as recommendations for the formation of zonal RALUS on the example of the Novosibirsk region, the use of which makes it possible to more reliably use (according to 3-5 years) the crop potential of the land fund of the economy, district, region.
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MIKAELSEN, KNUT, and KNUT AASTVEIT. "EFFECTS OF NEUTRONS AND CHRONIC GAMMA RADIATION ON GROWTH AND FERTILITY IN OATS AND BARLEY." Hereditas 43, no. 2 (July 9, 2010): 371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1957.tb03445.x.
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Ruleva, O. V., and E. V. Seminchenko. "The role of soil fertility in the management of agricultural bioproductivity." Agrarian science, no. 2 (March 8, 2020): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2020-335-2-56-60.
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Relevance and methods. The optimal selection of precursors and methods of biologization can increase the return of organic matter to the soil, increase the yield and productivity of crops. Corn was studied on irrigation, and crops (sorghum, oats, winter wheat) in crop rotation were studied on the bogar. To elucidate the general patterns of plant development in the system of forest strips and in experimental fields (bogar), statistical processing of the research results was used in the Exel and Statistica software packages, which is based on the generalization and synthesis of the results, which makes it possible to reach forecasts of plant development during the growing season. The soil is light chestnut, heavy loamy, with a humus content in the arable layer of 1.74%, the pH of the soil solution is 8.1. The content of easily hydro-lyzable nitrogen is low — 3.2–3.9 mg/100 g of soil, average phosphorus mobile — 2.1–3 mg and exchange potassium increased — 30–40 mg/100 g of soil. The amount of average annual rainfall is 339.7 mm.Results. A study of the data showed that regardless of crop rotation the maximum content of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) was observed in the tillering phase, then decreased. The correlation coefficient on irrigation shows the tightness of communication over the entire array and gives grounds to use the approximation of the multiple regression equation as predictive in the system of forest stripes on irrigation: Y = a + b1 Х1 + b2X2 and on the dry land: Y = a + b1X1 + b2X2 + b3X3. In dry years the yield of grain crops (corn, sorghum, oats, winter wheat) ranges from 0.59 to 1.73 t/ha. In wet years the yield of grain crops increases to 4.95 t/ha. With the help of programs you can calculate the amount of fertilizer for a given yield and manage the bioproductivity of crops in the system of forest belts and on the dry land. The importance of soil fertility in managing bioproductivity is based on the optimal selection of precursors and methods of biologization, which can increase the yield of grain crops. The scope of the recommendations is the Lower Volga soil zone.
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Borkhataria, Bhavna, Jaydev Dhameliya, Devisha Mavani, and Juhi Dhameliya. "Effects of tobacco chewing habits on male infertility." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 8, no. 7 (June 26, 2020): 2589. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20202900.
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Background: It is the fact that, India consists of world’s largest tobacco chewer population, more prevalent in low income group. The effects of tobacco chewing on semen parameters have been widely studied. The study aim is to analyze the semen analysis parameters (oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, teratozoospermia, oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia -OATS and azoospermia) of tobacco chewer and non chewer infertile patients.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 639 patients was done out of which 150 were non-chewers and 489 were tobacco chewers. The percentage of population with particular semen abnormalities were compared between the two groups. The same comparison was performed between tobacco chewing primary infertility and secondary infertility patients in order to specifically assess the effect of tobacco chewing in sub-fertile patients.Results: OATS and azoospermia cases were significantly higher in the tobacco chewing infertile patients as compared to oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia and teratozoospermia cases. In case of sub-fertile patients also, the percentage of OATS and azoospermia were significantly higher.Conclusions: This finding suggest that tobacco chewing greatly affects every parameter of sperm i.e. concentration, motility and morphology collectively. Moreover, tobacco chewing may be less affecting the male fertility initially but prolonged exposures affects detrimentally resulting in serious semen parameter abnormalities such as OATS and even azoospermia. And such cases are difficult to treat even with higher and advanced infertility treatment options like ICSI, microfludics, etc. This reduces the chances of IVF success as well as increases the financial burden on the patients undergoing infertility treatment. Thus, infertility clinics must employ awareness programs for such patients to explain them the effects of tobacco chewing habit and reducing it can definitely enhance the treatment outcomes.
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Leonova, Yu V., and T. A. Spasskaya. "INFLUENCE OF UNCONVENTIONAL FERTILIZERS ON MICROBIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SODDY-PODZOLY SANDY SOIL." AGRO-INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGIES OF THE CENTRAL RUSSIA 18, no. 4 (December 2020): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24888/2541-7835-2020-18-84-87.
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The change in the microbiological activity of sod-podzolic sandy loam soil when using coffee waste and sewage sludge as a fertilizer for oats in comparison with traditional fertilizers is considered. During the study, it was determined that the predominant groups were bacteria and actinomycetes. Bacilli and fungi are few in number. The introduction of sewage sludge and coffee waste into the sod-podzolic sandy loam soil at a dose of 10 t / ha increases the activity of the microflora of the sod-podzolic sandy loam soil, which increases the effective and potential fertility.
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Kaur, Gurjeet, and Meenakshi Goyal. "Effect of growth stages and fertility levels on growth, yield and quality of fodder oats (Avena sativa L.)." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 1287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i3.1355.
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A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the yield and quality parameters of oats (Avena sativa L.) at forage research farm in Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. Four different nitrogen levels viz. 0 (control), 50, 75 (recommended) and 100 Kg N/ha were applied in the form of urea. Samples were collected at three different growth stages i.e. 30, 45 and 60 DAS. As the growth of plant continued decrease in total nitrogen (45%), non protein nitro-gen (37%), ether extract (13%), ash content (24%) and digestibility (23%) was observed. But increase in free amino acids (48%) and cell wall constituents i.e. ADF (19%), NDF (31%) and CF (34%)with plant’s growth was reported. The interactive effect of varying levels of inorganic fertilizer application on the chemical composition of the plant at various growth stages revealed an increase in total nitrogen (18%), non protein nitrogen (26%), ether extract (18%), free amino acids (32%), ash content (13%) and digestibility (7%) with increase in fertilizer level however ADF (7%), NDF (2%) and CF (3%)content decreased with increased levels of nitrogen fertilization. Correlation studies showed that significant negative correlation was present forin vitro dry matter digestibility with acid detergent fiber (r= -.861**), neutral detergent fiber (r= -.891**) and crude fiber (r= -.740**) at recommended dose of N fertilization. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different doses of nitrogen fertilization at different growth stages on quality components in oats fodder.
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Shatokhin, Alexander A,, Omari G. Chamurliev, Alexander V. Zelenev, Georgy O. Chamurliev, and Elena S. Vorontsova. "Field crop rotations in organic agriculture of the Volgograd region." BIO Web of Conferences 27 (2020): 00152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202700152.
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Soil fertility in biologized crop rotations depends on the saturation of them with legumes and sideral crops, perennial grasses, the involvement of grain crops in the organic matter cycle. The crop rotation was studied: 1) four-field grain and steam: clean steam winter wheat chickpeas spring barley (control); 2) five-field grain and steam: occupied steam (clover green manure) winter wheat chickpeas spring barley mustard + clover; 3) seven-field grain and grass: occupied steam (green manure oats) winter wheat mustard chickpeas safflower dyeing spring barley sainfoin (hatcher field); 4) semi-field grass and grassland: occupied steam (phacelia green manure) winter wheat spring wheat chickpeas grain sorghum spring barley alfalfa (hatchery field). The highest balance of organic matter was ensured in a five-field grain-steam crop rotation with clover for green manure +1.92 t/ha, in this crop rotation the highest balance was observed for nitrogen +23.8 kg/ha and phosphorus +1.3 kg/ha, grain harvest from 1 ha of arable land 0.51 t/ha. The greatest balance of potassium was ensured in the seven-field grain and grass-crop rotation with facet on green manure +8.8 kg/ha. The highest humus balance was observed in a seven-field grain-grass-crop rotation with oats per green manure +0.12 t/ha.
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Sartor, L. R., I. E. Sandini, P. C. F. Carvalho, and B. E. S. Ruthes. "Soil Fertility in Crop-Livestock System Subjected to Nitrogen Fertilization and Grazing." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 2 (January 15, 2019): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n2p121.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sheep grazing and increasing rates of nitrogen fertilization on oats + ryegrass at winter on the soil K, Ca, H + Al, Mg and P concentrations in a crop-livestock system with beans and corn crop succession during summer after four years (2006-2009) of the experiment establishment. Treatments consisted of different nitrogen levels (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg ha-1) with and without sheep grazing Lolium multiflorum Lam and Avena spp. Soil chemical traits were evaluated at depths of 0-5, 5-10, and 10-15 cm. The experiment was laid out as random block design in a split-plot scheme with three replications. Soil K content were higher at the superficial soil layer and at the treatment with 150 kg ha-1 N and remained high along the four years of assessment. Animal grazing at winter results in better soil chemical traits in relation to the soil Ca and H + Al. There were no nutrient (K, Ca, P and Mg) losses or extraction when under overgrazing, a fact that confirms the possibility of using animals in the crop-livestock areas without affecting its chemical traits. There was also an increase in Ca and SB concentrations with grazing, including in subsurface soil.
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Ma, B. L., D. K. Biswas, Q. P. Zhou, and C. Z. Ren. "Comparisons among cultivars of wheat, hulled and hulless oats: Effects of N fertilization on growth and yield." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 92, no. 6 (November 2012): 1213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2011-167.
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Ma, B. L., Biswas, D. K., Zhou, Q. P. and Ren, C. Z. 2012. Comparisons among cultivars of wheat, hulled and hulless oats: Effects of N fertilization on growth and yield. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1213–1222. There is limited comparative research on the responses of crop growth and yield to N fertilization in hulless (Avena nuda) and hulled (Avena sativa) oats. A field study was conducted for 3 yr at Ottawa, ON, to assess the growth and grain yield of current wheat (Triticum aestivum), hulled and hulless oat cultivars with three N fertility levels. Averaged across the 3 yr, both the mid and high (75 and 150 kg N ha−1) N treatments demonstrated statistically similar, but higher, leaf area index (LAI) and total dry matter (TDM) than the 0 N treatment, regardless of crop types. At final harvest, with increasing N supply, both hulled oat Gosling and wheat cultivar AC Brio had similar and higher TDM than the hulless oat VAO-2 in 2006, whereas both oat cultivars produced much lower (P<0.01) grain yield than wheat in 2008, primarily due to early lodging of the oat cultivars. Overall, the wheat cultivar AC Brio produced the greatest grain yield with the highest harvest index (HI), followed by hulled Gosling; the hulless oat had the lowest grain yield and the lowest HI. Compared with the wheat cultivar, the lower grain yield of both hulled and hulless oats was attributed to a lower (P<0.05) HI and more severe crop lodging (especially when lodging occurred early), coupled with a higher LAI at flowering. Our results suggest that enhancing HI and resistance to crop lodging are the primary targets for both the hulled and hulless oat cultivar improvement in eastern Canada.
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Vieira, Sidney Rosa, and Antonio Paz Gonzalez. "Analysis of the spatial variability of crop yield and soil properties in small agricultural plots." Bragantia 62, no. 1 (2003): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0006-87052003000100016.
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The objective of this study was to assess spatial variability of soil properties and crop yield under no tillage as a function of time, in two soil/climate conditions in São Paulo State, Brazil. The two sites measured approximately one hectare each and were cultivated with crop sequences which included corn, soybean, cotton, oats, black oats, wheat, rye, rice and green manure. Soil fertility, soil physical properties and crop yield were measured in a 10-m grid. The soils were a Dusky Red Latossol (Oxisol) and a Red Yellow Latossol (Ultisol). Soil sampling was performed in each field every two years after harvesting of the summer crop. Crop yield was measured at the end of each crop cycle, in 2 x 2.5 m sub plots. Data were analysed using semivariogram analysis and kriging interpolation for contour map generation. Yield maps were constructed in order to visually compare the variability of yields, the variability of the yield components and related soil properties. The results show that the factors affecting the variability of crop yield varies from one crop to another. The changes in yield from one year to another suggest that the causes of variability may change with time. The changes with time for the cross semivariogram between phosphorus in leaves and soybean yield is another evidence of this result.
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Garlet, Cínthia G., Rafaella P. Moreira, Patricia da S. Gubiani, Ramon B. Palharini, Juliano R. Farias, and Oderlei Bernardi. "Fitness Cost of Chlorpyrifos Resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Different Host Plants." Environmental Entomology 50, no. 4 (May 21, 2021): 898–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvab046.
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Abstract Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) is a polyphagous pest of global relevance due to the damage it inflicts on agricultural crops. In South American countries, this species is one of the principal pests of maize and cotton. Currently, S. frugiperda is also emerging as an important pest of soybeans and winter cereals in Brazil. Chemical control is one of the main control tactics against S. frugiperda, even though resistance against numerous modes of action insecticides has been reported. To support insect resistance management programs, we evaluated the fitness costs of resistance of S. frugiperda to the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor chlorpyrifos. Fitness costs were quantified by comparing biological parameters of chlorpyrifos-resistant and -susceptible S. frugiperda and their F1 hybrids (heterozygotes) on non-Bt cotton, non-Bt maize, non-Bt soybean, and oats. The results revealed that the chlorpyrifos-resistant genotype showed lower pupa-to-adult and egg-to-adult survivorship and reduced larval weights on oats; longer neonate-to-pupa and egg-to-adult developmental periods, and lower pupal weights and fecundity on maize; lower pupal weights on soybean; and reduced fecundity on cotton compared with the chlorpyrifos-susceptible genotype. Fitness costs also affected fertility life table parameters of the resistant genotype, increasing the mean length of a generation on cotton and maize and reducing the potential for population growth on all hosts. These findings suggest fitness costs at the individual and population levels of chlorpyrifos resistance in S. frugiperda, indicating that removal of the selective agent from the environment would result in reduced resistance and opportunities for the restoration of susceptibility.
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Pressland, AJ, and DC Cowan. "Response of plant growth to removal of surface soil of the rangelands of western Queensland." Rangeland Journal 9, no. 2 (1987): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9870074.
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Pot and field studies were conducted to determine the potential effect on plant production of soil erosion in western Queensland. Soil from both the Mitchell grass (Astrebla spp.) and mulga (Acacin aneura) woodlands were used, but the studies concentrated on the latter soils. Test plants (oats, sorghum and pasture grass species) were grown in soil taken from sequential 5 cm intervals from the surface to 20 cm down the profile of each of the selected soils. Plants growing in subsurface soil, irrespective of soil type or history, were less productive than those growing on surface soil. This was attributed in part to reduced soil fertility and a difference in soil pH. Buffel grass (Cenchrur ciliaris), a species which has some use as an improved pasture in these rangelands, would be seriously disadvantaged on eroded soils. It is concluded that erosion of surface soil on these landscapes should be minimized by conserving ground cover.
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Chesalin, Sergey F., Evgeny V. Smolsky, and Lyudmila P. Kharkevich. "Potash fertilizers in the productivity of fodder crops in conditions of radioactive contamination of the territory." Agrarian science, no. 11-12 (January 20, 2021): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2020-343-11-108-111.
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Relevance. In the situation of radioactive contamination, the main factor in reducing the transition of radionuclides from soil to green feed is the use of potash fertilizer, the effect of which on the yield of fodder crops in light soils with low local fertility is not sufficiently studied, therefore, the goal of the studies is to establish the role of potash fertilizer in increasing the yield of fodder crops.Methods. Studies were carried out on lupine yellow, alfalfa variable, sudanese grass, millet, stockade beast, meadow timothy, annual raigras, oats, reed double-tine, meadow oatmeal, national team hedge in the south-west of the Bryansk region on floodplain sod cucumber, sod-podzolista.Results. The highest productivity of 23.1–26.2 t/ha of green mass was found when cultivating yellow lupin. It was found that the best efficiency of fertilizer systems in the cultivation of fodder lands was revealed on floodplain sod stubble sandy soil, for each added kg received from 59.0 to 72.5 kg of crop increase.
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CHALMERS, A. G., C. J. DYER, and R. SYLVESTER-BRADLEY. "Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the grain yield and quality of winter oats." Journal of Agricultural Science 131, no. 4 (December 1998): 395–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859698006042.
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Amounts of spring nitrogen (N) fertilizer (0–240 kg/ha), combined with three timing treatments (single, divided early or divided late), were tested at 14 sites in England and Wales between 1984 and 1988 to determine the optimum fertilizer N requirement for winter oats. The trials were superimposed on commercial crops of the cultivars Pennal (9 sites) or Peniarth (5 sites). Optimum amounts of N ranged from nil to 202 kg/ha (mean 119) and optimum yields varied between 5·8 and 9·9 t/ha (mean 7·3). Much (c. 60%) of the inter-site variation in N optimum was explained by differences in soil N supply, as indicated by N offtake in the grain at nil applied N. Mean yield differences between single and early (+0·08 t/ha) or late (−0·04 t/ha) divided dressings were slight, although significant (P<0·05) but inconsistent yield effects were obtained from early N at two sites and late N at three sites.Lodging occurred at 11 of the 12 sites where lodging scores were recorded and always increased significantly (P<0·05) with applied N. The amount of crop lodging at N optimum was, on an area basis, <50% at nine of the sites. The overall extent of site lodging was also influenced by soil N fertility and hence inversely related to N optimum. However, multiple regression, using site lodging as well as soil N supply, only accounted for slightly more (65%) of the variation in N optimum, which suggests that lodging was not a major limiting factor. Lodging was unexpectedly less from early N (mean 43%), but more from late N (53%) divided dressings, compared with a single N dressing (49%). Early N reduced lodging significantly (P<0·05) at four sites, although the actual reduction was only large at one site where early N also increased yield significantly (+0·57 t/ha).Grain N concentrations increased significantly (P<0·05) with applied N, on average by 0·12% per 40 kg/ha N increment. Timing effects on grain N concentration were very small, with mean values of 1·94, 1·91 and 1·96%N respectively from single, early and late divided dressings. Apparent recovery in grain of fertilizer N at the optimum amount ranged from 13 to 57% (mean 37), with better N recovery at the more yield-responsive sites. Changes in mean grain weight due to the amount and timing of fertilizer N were small, with an average reduction of 0·6 mg/grain per 40 kg/ha N applied. The adverse effects of N fertilizer on grain quality were slight and unlikely to have commercial significance. The agronomic implications of these results on the N fertilization of winter oats are discussed.
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Chataway, R. G., J. E. Cooper, W. N. Orr, and R. T. Cowan. "The role of tillage, fertiliser and forage species in sustaining dairying based on crops in southern Queensland 2. Double-crop and summer sole-crop systems." Animal Production Science 51, no. 10 (2011): 904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11032.
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Dairy farms located in the subtropical cereal belt of Australia rely on winter and summer cereal crops, rather than pastures, for their forage base. Crops are mostly established in tilled seedbeds and the system is vulnerable to fertility decline and water erosion, particularly over summer fallows. Field studies were conducted over 5 years on contrasting soil types, a Vertosol and Sodosol, in the 650-mm annual-rainfall zone to evaluate the benefits of a modified cropping program on forage productivity and the soil-resource base. Growing forage sorghum as a double-crop with oats increased total mean annual production over that of winter sole-crop systems by 40% and 100% on the Vertosol and Sodosol sites respectively. However, mean annual winter crop yield was halved and overall forage quality was lower. Ninety per cent of the variation in winter crop yield was attributable to fallow and in-crop rainfall. Replacing forage sorghum with the annual legume lablab reduced fertiliser nitrogen (N) requirements and increased forage N concentration, but reduced overall annual yield. Compared with sole-cropped oats, double-cropping reduced the risk of erosion by extending the duration of soil water deficits and increasing the time ground was under plant cover. When grown as a sole-crop, well fertilised forage sorghum achieved a mean annual cumulative yield of 9.64 and 6.05 t DM/ha on the Vertosol and Sodosol, respectively, being about twice that of sole-cropped oats. Forage sorghum established using zero-tillage practices and fertilised at 175 kg N/ha.crop achieved a significantly higher yield and forage N concentration than did the industry-standard forage sorghum (conventional tillage and 55 kg N/ha.crop) on the Vertosol but not on the Sodosol. On the Vertosol, mean annual yield increased from 5.65 to 9.64 t DM/ha (33 kg DM/kg N fertiliser applied above the base rate); the difference in the response between the two sites was attributed to soil type and fertiliser history. Changing both tillage practices and N-fertiliser rate had no affect on fallow water-storage efficiency but did improve fallow ground cover. When forage sorghum, grown as a sole crop, was replaced with lablab in 3 of the 5 years, overall forage N concentration increased significantly, and on the Vertosol, yield and soil nitrate-N reserves also increased significantly relative to industry-standard sorghum. All forage systems maintained or increased the concentration of soil nitrate-N (0–1.2-m soil layer) over the course of the study. Relative to sole-crop oats, alternative forage systems were generally beneficial to the concentration of surface-soil (0–0.1 m) organic carbon and systems that included sorghum showed most promise for increasing soil organic carbon concentration. We conclude that an emphasis on double- or summer sole-cropping rather than winter sole-cropping will advantage both farm productivity and the soil-resource base.
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Vrkoč, F., M. Vach, and V. Veleta. "Influence of different cultivation factors on the yield structure and on changes of soil properties." Plant, Soil and Environment 48, No. 5 (December 11, 2011): 208–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4227-pse.
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The monitoring was carried on in the years 1996–2000 in the polyfactorial P-A field trial in Lukavec, Pelhřimov district. The given locality is characterized by low fertility sandy-loamy cambisoils, by long-term average annual rainfall of 653 mm, by average annual temperature of 7°C and its altitude is 620 m. The field trial included different organic fertilizations; graduate N-doses, different soil tillage as well as different forecrops. It manifested in this group of field trials that the forecrop value of red clover and dung manured potatoes before winter wheat was practically the same in the given locality. The optimal N dose for potato yields was about 80 kg N.ha<sup>–1</sup>. In oats the yields after red clover with using the Horsch system in spring were significantly lower than after embedding of red clover in autumn. In cereals, graduated N doses increased the numbers of ears (panicles) per m2, but the mass of 1000 grains often decreased. In addition, N content in grain and straw increased with N doses, while pH annually decreased by 0.1 to 0.4.
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Tiranov, A. B., L. V. Tiranova, A. V. Grigoriev, N. N. Sevostyanova, and V. A. Yakovleva. "Influence of Azotovite and Phosphatovite on the Productivity of Oats and the Fertility of Sod-Podzolic Soil in the Conditions of the Novgorod Region." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 852, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/852/1/012105.
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Pinkerton, A., and JR Simpson. "Interactions of surface drying and subsurface nutrients affecting plant growth on acidic soil profiles from an old pasture." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 26, no. 6 (1986): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9860681.
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Previous studies on soils from old pastures in southern New South Wales have demonstrated that nutrients have accumulated at the soil surface, but that the 40-100-mm depth layer in many profiles has become strongly acidic (e.g. pH 4.7), and high in extractable aluminium. Poor growth of subterranean clover has occurred on such soils during dry periods and may be associated with poor root growth in the acidic, nutrient-poor subsurface layers. Possible nutritional causes of these observations were investigated using reconstituted soil profiles. The root and shoot growth of subterranean clover, wheat, oats and lucerne were compared in unamended profiles and in profiles amended by applying nutrients or calcium carbonate (lime) to correct the more obvious deficiencies of the subsurface layers. Subterranean clover grew well as long as the surface soil remained moist, so that plants could utilise the nutrients potentially available within it. When the surface (0-40 mm) was allowed to dry but the subsurface layers remained moist, growth was poor unless phosphate was applied to the moist layer. Subsurface application of lime alone was ineffective. Nitrogen application increased clover growth in the presence of added phosphate or surface moisture, but nitrogen alone did little to alleviate the effects of surface drought. Wheat, and to a lesser extent oats, responded to subsurface lime when the surface was moist, and both responded to subsurface phosphate when the surface was dry. Lucerne responded to subsurface phosphate similarly to subterranean clover but the response was more than doubled in the presence of additional borate and lime. Lime without borate was not effective. When the surface was maintained moist, liming both the surface (0-40 mm) and subsurface layers improved the response over liming the subsurface layer only. The results suggest that declining fertility and productivity in old pastures developed on acid soils may not be rectified by liming alone, but that cultivation, ripping or drilling of phosphate, and in some cases addition of borate, may be required to improve the penetration of nutrients, particularly phosphorus, to greater depth.
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Dubenok, N. N., E. V. Klimakhina, and E. V. Matsyganova. "Improving the soil fertility of agricultural lands in the Non-Black Earth Zone of the Russian Federation." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 4 (September 4, 2021): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2021-4-124-129.
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Relevance. According to the Federal Law of 16.07.1998 No. 101-FZ (as amended on 05.04.2016) "On State Regulation of Ensuring the Fertility of Agricultural Land", owners, owners, users, including tenants of land plots are obliged to: carry out the production of agricultural products in ways that ensure the reproduction of the fertility of agricultural land, as well as excluding or limiting the adverse impact of such activities on the environment. Environment.Materials and methods.The research was carried out on a stationary field experience in the Podolsk district of the Moscow region in 2011-2012. On experience, five-floor crop rotation will be deployed in time: 1) oats; 2) barley with planted perennial herbs; 3) perennial herbs of the first year of use; 4) perennial herbs of the second year of use; 5) winter wheat. The plots were located in the upper part of the slope with a slope of 14% (weakly pitched) and in the lower part of the slope with a slope of 7% (gentle).Results. It was found that on average annually in the slope areas of the non-chernozem region soils lose from the layer 0-40 cm with a surface runoff of phosphorus 0.7-6.0 kg / ha, potassium 2.3-28.9 kg / ha, calcium 7.3-45.8 kg / ha. With anti-erosion methods of tillage on a slope with a steepness of 7%, the migration of chemical elements was 2.2 times less compared to similar options on the slope with a steepness of 14%. Surface runoff redistributes substances along the length of the slope, therefore, it is necessary to take this into account during chemical reclamation of the slopes soils and carry out differentiated application of fertilizers and lime. After chemical analysis of the arable layer of soil, it turned out that the maximum content of humus, mobile forms of phosphorus and exchange potassium is noted in the lower part of the slope, which is associated with the processes of washing and alluvium of the soil.
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Kenney, PA. "Effects of lupin grain and type of cereal grain on the value of a hay supplement in the diet of lambing ewes during drought." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 4 (1985): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850766.
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Two flocks of Border Leicester x Merino ewes, due to lamb at different times (early or late winter), were fed drought rations of either wheat or oat grain, with or without lupin grain, and with or without hay, from 2 weeks before to 6 weeks after lambing. All ewes were offered an estimated 8.7 and 14.5 MJ ME/head.day when pregnant and lactating, respectively. Lupins, when included in the diet, replaced 25% of cereal grain ME; and hay replaced 14% and 20% of cereal grain ME for pregnant and lactating ewes, respectively. Treatment rations had no effect on liveweight or condition of the ewes. Effects on lamb birth weights, growth rate to 17 days, numbers weaned, ewe milk production after 29 days lactation and ewe fleece weights were as follows. Feeding oats, in comparison to wheat, improved growth rate (30 g/day), numbers weaned (16 per 100 ewes lambing) and fleece weight (90 g). Feeding lupins improved birth weight (0.2 kg), growth rate (20 g/day), numbers weaned (12 per 100 ewes lambing), milk production (18 ml/h) and fleece weight (70 g). Feeding hay improved growth rate (17 g/day) but decreased fleece weight (160 g). There were no interactions between treatments. Treatment rations did not affect fertility in the year following feeding.
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Bliss, Christine, Pete Andersen, Brent Brodbeck, David Wright, Steve Olson, and James Marois. "The Influence of Bahiagrass, Tillage, and cover crops on Organic Vegetable Production and Soil Quality in the Southern Coastal Plain." Sustainable Agriculture Research 5, no. 2 (April 7, 2016): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v5n2p65.
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<p>Conventional farming utilizing bahiagrass (Papsalum notatum Flugge) in rotation with crops has been shown to increase yield, improve soil quality, and decrease weed and disease pressure. Organic production systems in the Southern Coastal Plain are challenged with limited soil fertility and a wide array of insect, disease, and weed pests. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of sequential years in bahiagrass and tillage (conventional and conservation) on organic vegetable yield and soil indices. After 0-4 years in bahiagrass, a crop rotation of rye and oats (winter cover crop), bush beans (spring vegetable crop), soybean (summer cover crop), and broccoli (fall vegetable crop) was implemented. Vegetable crop yields, plant biomass, plant C and N, and soil C, N, and P were measured for the four crops in the rotation over a three year period. Two years or more of bahiagrass prior to initiating the vegetable crop rotation showed positive effects on vegetable crop yields and soil quality parameters. Tillage treatments did not have a consistent effect on measured parameters. Soil C was not impacted by years in bahiagrass but was influenced by years of crop production. Potential soil N and P mineralization indicated an increase of soil organic fractions with years in bahiagrass. Available N increased after cover crops, and available P decreased with increasing years in bahiagrass.</p>
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Ivenin, Aleksey, and Aleksandr Sakov. "INFLUENCE OF LIGHT-GRAY FOREST SOIL TILLAGE SYSTEMS ON PRODUCTIVITY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF CROPS CULTIVATION FOR GRAIN-CROP ROTATION IN VOLGO-VYATSKY REGION." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 15, no. 2 (September 8, 2020): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2020-14-19.
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The research was carried out in order to find new technological and technical solutions that ensure the energy efficiency of agriculture, stabilization and increase in the yield of agricultural crops for the rotation of grain crop rotation in Volga-Vyatka region. The field experiment was started in 2014 in Nizhny Novgorod region. The work was carried out in grain crop rotation: 1. mustard for seeds; 2. winter wheat; 3. soy; 4. spring wheat; 5. peas; 6. oats. The experimental scheme included 5 systems of tillage (factor A), differing in the methods of the main autumn tillage. For each system of soil cultivation, the influence of mineral fertilizers and destructors of plant residues (factor B) was determined. Against the background of natural soil fertility, the most energetically payback option of the main soil cultivation system is autumn plowing with a plow with dumps (energy coefficient 2.93). The use of a plow without plows, a Pottinger Synkro 5030 K chisel cultivator and a Discover XM 44660 nothad disc harrow in a soil cultivation system leads to a decrease in the energy coefficient to 2.84 ... 2.85; and the use of no-till technology - up to 1.88. Against the background of natural soil fertility, the greatest energy return was provided by systems with fall plowing, carried out both with a plow with dumps and without them, as well as with disking as the main soil cultivation in combination with the use of the biological product Stimix®Niva - energy coefficients were in the range of 3 , 03 ... 3.31. When using no-till technology, the highest value of this indicator was noted when N60P60K60 was applied separately (2.27) and together with the biological product Stimix®Niva (2.53). The maximum energy return in the experiment was recorded in the variant with the main tillage of the soil with a Pottinger chisel cultivator against the background of N60P60K60 together with the biological product Stimix®Niva - the average energy coefficient was 3.45
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Laamrani, Ahmed, Paul R. Voroney, Aaron A. Berg, Adam W. Gillespie, Michael March, Bill Deen, and Ralph C. Martin. "Temporal Change of Soil Carbon on a Long-Term Experimental Site with Variable Crop Rotations and Tillage Systems." Agronomy 10, no. 6 (June 12, 2020): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060840.
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The impacts of tillage practices and crop rotations are fundamental factors influencing changes in the soil carbon, and thus the sustainability of agricultural systems. The objective of this study was to compare soil carbon status and temporal changes in topsoil from different 4 year rotations and tillage treatments (i.e., no-till and conventional tillage). Rotation systems were primarily corn and soy-based and included cereal and alfalfa phases along with red clover cover crops. In 2018, soil samples were collected from a silty-loam topsoil (0–15 cm) from the 36 year long-term experiment site in southern Ontario, Canada. Total carbon (TC) contents of each sample were determined in the laboratory using combustion methods and comparisons were made between treatments using current and archived samples (i.e., 20 year and 9 year change, respectively) for selected crop rotations. Overall, TC concentrations were significantly higher for no-till compared with conventional tillage practices, regardless of the crop rotations employed. With regard to crop rotation, the highest TC concentrations were recorded in corn–corn–oats–barley (CCOB) rotations with red clover cover crop in both cereal phases. TC contents were, in descending order, found in corn–corn–alfalfa–alfalfa (CCAA), corn–corn–soybean–winter wheat (CCSW) with 1 year of seeded red clover, and corn–corn–corn–corn (CCCC). The lowest TC concentrations were observed in the corn–corn–soybean–soybean (CCSS) and corn–corn–oats–barley (CCOB) rotations without use of cover crops, and corn–corn–soybean–winter wheat (CCSW). We found that (i) crop rotation varieties that include two consecutive years of soybean had consistently lower TC concentrations compared with the remaining rotations; (ii) TC for all the investigated plots (no-till and/or tilled) increased over the 9 year and 20 year period; (iii) the no-tilled CCOB rotation with 2 years of cover crop showed the highest increase of TC content over the 20 year change period time; and (iv) interestingly, the no-till continuous corn (CCCC) rotation had higher TC than the soybean–soybean–corn–corn (SSCC) and corn–corn–soybean–winter wheat (CCSW). We concluded that conservation tillage (i.e., no-till) and incorporation of a cover crop into crop rotations had a positive effect in the accumulation of TC topsoil concentrations and could be suitable management practices to promote soil fertility and sustainability in our agricultural soils.
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Armstrong, R. D., C. Eagle, and S. D. Jarwal. "Application of composted pig bedding litter on a Vertosol and Sodosol soil. 2. Effect on soil chemical and physical fertility." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 11 (2007): 1341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06288.
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The application of composted bedding litter (wheat straw or rice hulls) that had been used to house swine has been shown to significantly improve the yield and water use of dry land grain crops growing on two contrasting soil types (a Vertosol and Sodosol) in the Wimmera region of Victoria, Australia. The effect of applying this composted litter on a range of chemical and physical properties of these soils was investigated to better understand how the composted bedding litter improved grain production. Applying bedding litter significantly increased soil total nitrogen (N) and organic carbon in both the Vertosol and Sodosol in the season after application in proportion to the rate of litter application. Applying pig bedding litter also significantly (P < 0.05) increased the level of more labile soil fertility indicators. Soil nitrate (NO3) concentration at the time of sowing of both canola in 1998 (second crop after initial application of litter) and oats/field peas in 1999 (third crop) was significantly higher than control plots at both sites, with values as high as 90 mg NO3/kg soil in the topsoil being recorded. Most of the soil NO3 resulting from the application of bedding litter was concentrated in the topsoil of the poorly structured Sodosol whereas on the Vertosol, soil NO3 tended to be distributed more evenly throughout the soil profile. Litter application also increased soil microbial N concentrations in the topsoil. Soil physical structure was improved by adding bedding litter, especially on the Sodosol soil. The application of litter decreased the number of small, unstable aggregates (250–1000 µm) whereas the number of large (>2000 µm) water stable aggregates in the topsoil (0–10 cm) was increased. Applying bedding litter also significantly decreased the exchangeable sodium percentage on the Sodosol but not on the Vertosol. Cone penetrometer resistance was reduced in the subsoil at both sites following the application of bedding litter. It was concluded that the beneficial effects of applying pig bedding litter on grain crops was attributed to several factors but the over riding effect appeared due to improved N supply on the well structured Vertosol and enhanced soil structure on the Sodosol.
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Li, G. D., K. R. Helyar, M. K. Conyers, B. R. Cullis, P. D. Cregan, R. P. Fisher, L. J. C. Castleman, G. J. Poile, C. M. Evans, and B. Braysher. "Crop responses to lime in long-term pasture-crop rotations in a high rainfall area in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, no. 3 (2001): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar00087.
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A long-term trial, known as ‘managing acid soils through efficient rotations’ (MASTER), commenced in 1992 to develop and demonstrate a cropping system that is economically viable on the highly acid soils of the traditional permanent pasture region in south-eastern Australia, so that their fertility is sustained or improved. There were 2 permanent pasture systems and 2 pasture–crop rotations, each with and without lime. This paper reports the effect of lime on crop production over the first cycle (6 years). On annual pasture–crop rotations, lime significantly increased the dry matter production at anthesis and grain yields of wheat (cv. Dollarbird) compared with the unlimed treatments. Averaged across years from 1992 to 1997 (excluding the severe drought year 1994), wheat crops produced 1.6 t/ha more grain on the limed treatments than on the unlimed treatments (3.6 v. 2.0 t/ha). On perennial pasture–crop rotations, the lime effects varied with crops grown at each phase and year. For example, despite being tolerant of acidity, oats (cv. Yarran) responded to lime in 1996. Likewise, triticale (cv. Abacus) responded to lime in 1997. Wheat (cv. Dollarbird) that is moderately tolerant to acidity responded to lime in phase 6 from 1992 to 1997 excluding 1994 (3.5 v. 1.7 t/ha). Acid-tolerant wheat varieties, triticale, and narrow-leaf lupins are considered the most viable crops for the soil and climatic conditions encountered in this high rainfall (5000—800 mm per annum) area of south-eastern Australia.
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Zamyatin, S. А., and R. В. Maksimova. "The effect of crop rotation on the soil biological activity." Grain Economy of Russia, no. 4 (September 9, 2021): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2021-76-4-39-44.
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The current paper has presented the results of long-term experiments on the study of the biological activity of sod-podzolic soil by the application method in field crop rotations. The experimental part of the work was carried out on the experimental plots of the Mari Research Institute of Agriculture, a branch of the FSBSI FARC of the North-East in 1996–2020. The trials were laid down in 1996 and 1998. The trial was laid down in two factors. Factor A included such types of crop rotations as grain-grasses crop rotations (oats + clover, clover of 1 year of use, winter crops, vetch-oat mixture for grain, spring wheat, barley as a control grain crop); the first rotation of crops (annual leguminous grasses, winter crops, barley, potatoes, vetch-oat mixture for grain, spring wheat); the second rotation of crops (vetch-oat mix[1]ture for grain, spring wheat, potatoes fertilized with manure (80 t/ha), barley + clover, clover of 1 year of use, winter crops); the third rotation of crops (barley + clover, clover of 1 year of use, clover of 2 years of use, winter crops, pota[1]toes, oats). Factor B included application of mineral fertilizers: control grain crop (without fertilizers); N60P60K60. There has been established that the activity of soil microflora mainly depended on the presence of organic matter in the soil. The largest activity of cellulose-destroying microorganisms against a natural background of fertility was identified in the second rotation of crops, with the introduction 23.9% of manure for potatoes in the first period (45 days) and 54.7% in the second period (90 days) of exposure. The slightest biological activity of the soil was identified in the grain-grasses crop rotation (with 83% of grain crops); it was 17.7% in the first 45 days and 43.4% in the second period of exposure. That was caused by the deficit of organic matter. The introduction of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N60P60K60 under pre-sowing tillage significantly increased the soil biological activity in comparison to the unfertilized background, and a fairly high intensity of flax decomposition was observed in the second rotation of crops with 24.9% in 45 days and 56.8% in 90 days. Correlation analysis (1998-2019) between the mean flax decomposition under crops for the entire vegetation period and the value of the hydrothermal coefficient (HThC) showed a close direct correlation, which in the first and second periods of exposure was 0.87–0.90 and 0.86–0.89, respectively.
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Huffman, T., D. R. Coote, and M. Green. "Twenty-five years of changes in soil cover on Canadian Chernozemic (Mollisol) soils, and the impact on the risk of soil degradation." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 92, no. 3 (March 2012): 471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss2011-019.
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Huffman, T., Coote, D. R. and Green, M. 2012. Twenty-five years of changes in soil cover on Canadian Chernozemic (Mollisol) soils, and the impact on the risk of soil degradation. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 471–479. Agricultural soils that are covered by vegetation or crop residue are less susceptible to degradation by wind and water erosion, organic matter depletion, structural degradation and declining fertility. In general, perennial crops, higher yields, reduced tillage and continuous cropping provide more soil cover than annual crops, lower yields, intensive tillage, residue harvesting and fallowing. This study presents a model for estimating the number of days in a year that the soil surface is protected and demonstrates its application on the Canadian prairies over the period from 1981 to 2006. Over the 25-yr study period, the average soil cover on Canadian prairie soils increased by 4.8% overall. The improvement came primarily as a result of widespread adoption of no-till and a decline in the use of summerfallow, but the gains were offset to a great deal by a shift from higher-cover crops such as wheat, oats and barley to more profitable but lower-cover crops such as canola, soybeans and potatoes. The implication of these trends is that, even though protection of prairie agricultural soils has improved over the past 25 yr, soil cover could decline dramatically over the next several decades if crop changes continue, the adoption of conservation tillage reaches a peak and residue harvesting for biofuels becomes more common.
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Sotpa, A. S., and T. F. Zharova. "Agroecological effi ciency of organic fertilizers’ placement methods." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 49, no. 5 (November 30, 2019): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2019-5-1.
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The results of studies on the effect of bare and green-manured fallow (melilot, peas, peas + oats), as well as methods of placing green manure crops and manure (plowed to a depth of 18–20 cm and cultivated at 8–10 cm) on the fertility and productivity of dark chestnut soil are presented. Field experiment took place in the steppe zone of the Republic of Tuva. The weather conditions during the study period were noted as characteristic for the conditions of the steppe zone: 2016 and 2017 were arid, whereas 2018 was wet. Bare fallow was more effective for the accumulation of productive moisture than green-manured one both in autumn and in spring before sowing spring wheat. In autumn, after bare fallow, the moisture content was higher by 14.7%, in spring by 32.8%. The surface placement of green manure crops contributed to a lesser desiccation of the soil. The best supply of nitrate nitrogen before sowing wheat was noted in fallow fi elds with manure and melilot (17.1-15.6 mg/kg). Methods of placing organic fertilizers did not affect the nitrate content in the soil. The yield of spring wheat was affected by preceding crops and methods of placing fertilizers. The highest yield of spring wheat was obtained in the bare-fallowed fertilized fi eld, which was by 0.2–0.5 t/ha higher than with all types of bare or green-manured fallow. Deep (18–20 cm) placement of manure increased the yield of spring wheat by 0.2 t/ha (10.5%). Placement of green-manured crops on the surface made it possible, on average during the experiment, to increase this indicator by 0.1–0.3 t/ ha (7.1–20%).
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Akhmetzyanov, Marsel, and Ivan Talanov. "EFFICIENCY OF GRAIN-CROP ROTATION, DEPENDING ON SEEDING OF MANURE, STRAW AND INTERMEDIATE SIDERATE." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 14, no. 4 (April 12, 2020): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2020-11-15.
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The article presents the results of studies on the introduction of manure, straw and intermediate green manure in a grain-grass crop rotation against the background of the introduction of calculated doses of mineral fertilizers on the gray forest soil of the Republic of Tatarstan. The results of studies showed that options with the introduction of manure and plant biomass reduced the soil density in the 0-10 cm layer by 0.02-0.04 g/cm3, in the 10-20 cm layer by 0.03-0.04 g/cm3. The total content of structural aggregates in the variants with the introduction of manure and the joint incorporation of straw and green manure increased to 46.7-72.9%, the structural coefficient was 0.87-2.69, against 44.3-63.9% and 0.79 -1.77 on the mineral background. The amount of crop and root residues that came into the soil after harvesting perennial grasses more accumulated in the backgrounds with the addition of manure, straw and green manure and amounted to 10.8-12.1 tons per hectare, while the mineral background made up only 10, 11 tons per hectare. Against the same background, an increase in the content of humus in the soil by 0.12-0.16% occurred. Improving the soil fertility of the soil, manure, straw and green manure contributed to an increase in crop yields in crop rotation compared with the mineral background: winter rye by 0.2-5.0 centner, spring wheat by 1.2-6.8 centner, perennial grasses by 1.2-7.3 grain units, spring wheat – 2.5-5.4 centner, oats - 2.4-5.3 center per hectare. Crop cultivation in a grain-grass crop rotation on the background of the combined application of straw and crop green manure made it possible to get a maximum profit of 22,835.6 rubles per ha with a profitability level of 162.8%, against 15540.0 rubles per ha and a profitability of 96.4% against a mineral background.
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СОТПА, А. С. "INFLUENCE OF THE PREDECESSORS ON ELEMENTS OF FERTILITY SOILS AND EFFICIENCY SUMMER WHEATS IN A STEPPE ZONE OF REPUBLIC ТUVА." VESTNIK RIAZANSKOGO GOSUDARSTVENNOGO AGROTEHNOLOGICHESKOGO UNIVERSITETA IM P A KOSTYCHEVA, no. 1(49) (March 30, 2021): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.36508/rsatu.2021.49.1.011.
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Проблема и цель. Целью исследований явилось изучение влияния предшественников и применения минеральных удобрений на основные элементы плодородия почвы, урожай яровой пшеницы и его качества. Методология. Для достижения цели исследования и ответа на поставленные исследовательские вопросы было проведено опытно-экспериментальное исследование. Опыты проведены в степной зоне Республики Тыва в 2019-2020 гг., на темно-каштановых, среднесуглинистых почвах, в трехпольном севообороте с короткой ротацией (чистый пар-пшеница-пшеница; чистый пар-многолетние травы-пшеница; чистый пар-овес-пшеница), бессменная пшеница, на двух фонах химизации: без применения минеральных удобрений (контроль, фон 0), с применением минеральных удобрений (фон 1). Результаты. Результаты исследований показали, что влажность почвы по чистому пару по всходам яровой пшеницы была на 16,5 % больше, чем после других предшественников. В период уборки пшеницы влажность почвы повысилась только на вариантах с применением минеральных удобрений. Выявлено, что в период вегетации пшеницы наибольшее содержание нитратного азота отмечено после многолетних трав, где азота нитратов было на 3,3-4,7 мг/кг больше, чем на контроле. Внесение минеральных удобрений способствовало росту содержания нитратного азота в почве к фазе всходов на 8,3-38,0 %, кущения и уборки – в 1,2-1,7 раза, в зависимости от различных предшественников. Заключение. В результате исследований было установлено, что высокое содержание азота в почве влияет на урожайность и продуктивность яровой пшеницы. При использовании в качестве предшественника многолетних трав средняя урожайность яровой пшеницы составляет 1,63 т/га, содержание белка в зерне – 16,6 %. Посев яровой пшеницы после овса обеспечивает получение зерна с содержанием белка – 15,4 %. Применение удобрений увеличивает урожайность пшеницы в среднем по опыту на 34,2 %. Problem and aim. By the purpose of researches was to establish infuence of the predecessors, application of mineral fertilizers on basic elements of fertility of ground, crop summer wheats and his quality. Methodology. To achieve the aim of the research and answer the questions an experimental study was carried out.The experiences are carried out in a steppe zone Republic of Тuvа in 2019-2020, on dark-chestnut, medium loamy soils, in three-feld crop rotation with short rotation (pure pairs-wheat-wheat; pure pair-longterm grass-wheat; pure pairs-oat-wheat) permanent wheat, on two chemistry backgrounds: without application of mineral fertilizers (control, background 0), with application of mineral fertilizers (background 1). Results. The results of researches have shown, that the humidity of ground till a pure pair on shoots summer wheats was on 16,5 % more, than after other predecessors. During harvest wheats the humidity of ground has raised only on variants with application of mineral fertilizers. It was found that during the growing season of wheat, the highest content of nitrate nitrogen was observed after long-term grasses where nitrite nitrogen was higher by 3,3 – 4,7 mg/kg than in the control. Is revealed, that the best predecessor ensuring nitrate by nitrogen crops summer wheats, in conditions of a steppe zone of region are the long-term grass. The entering of mineral fertilizers promoted growth of the contents nitrate of nitrogen in ground to a phase shoots on 8,3- 38,0 %, (tillering?) and harvesting - in 1,2-1,7 times, depending on the various predecessors. Conclusion. As a result of research it was found, that the high contents of nitrogen in ground infuences productivity and efciency summer wheats. At use as the predecessor of long-term grass the average productivity summer wheats makes 1,63 t/hа, contents of fber in a grain – 16,6 %. The crop summer wheats after oats provides reception of a grain with the contents of fber – 15,4 %. Application of fertilizers increases productivity wheats on the average by experience by 34,2 %
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Trigiano, R. N., T. A. Rinehart, M. M. Dee, P. A. Wadl, L. Poplawski, and B. H. Ownley. "First Report of Aerial Blight of Ruth's Golden Aster (Pityopsis ruthii) Caused by Rhizoctonia solani in the United States." Plant Disease 98, no. 6 (June 2014): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-13-1181-pdn.
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Ruth's golden aster (Pityopsis ruthii (Small) Small: Asteraceae) is an endangered, herbaceous perennial that occurs only at a few sites along the Hiwassee and Ocoee rivers in Polk County, Tennessee. This species is drought, heat, and submergence tolerant and has ornamental potential as a fall flowering landscape plant. In 2012, we vegetatively propagated various genotypes and established plantings in a landscape at Poplarville, Mississippi. In June and July of 2013, during periods of hot and humid weather, several well-established plants exhibited black or brown necrotic aerial blight symptoms including desiccation of stems and leaves. Blighted leaf samples were surface sterilized (10% commercial bleach, active ingredient 8.25% sodium hypochlorite, 1 min), rinsed in sterile water, air-dried, and plated on 2% water agar amended with 3.45 mg fenpropathrin/liter (Danitol 2.4 EC, Valent Chemical, Walnut Creek, CA) and 10 mg/liter rifampicin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). Rhizoctonia sp. was identified based on hyphal morphology and cultures were maintained on potato dextrose agar. Colonies were fast growing, consisting of light tan to brown mycelia and tufts of crystalline aerial hyphae. Within 10 days, brown exudates were present in cultures and there was no pigmented reverse to the agar. Hyphae were a mean of 5.2 μm wide (4.6 to 6.1 μm; n = 10) and each compartment contained three or more nuclei. Hyphae were constricted at septa with right angle branching and no clamp connections, which is typical for Rhizoctonia solani (1). Light- to medium-brown, oblong to irregularly shaped sclerotia measuring 1.2 mm long (0.7 to 2.1 mm) × 0.9 mm wide (0.5 to 1.2 mm; n = 20) were formed in cultures after 3 weeks of growth. Total genomic DNA was extracted from two different colonies grown in potato dextrose broth for 7 days, amplified with PCR using ITS1 and ITS4 primers for amplification of the 18S rDNA subunit (2), the products purified, and sequenced. A consensus sequence of 657 bp was deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. KF843729 and KF843730) and was 96% identical to two R. solani Kühn ITS sequences in GenBank (HF678125 and HF678122). R. solani was grown on twice autoclaved oats for 2 weeks at 21°C and incorporated into Pro-Mix BX, low fertility soilless medium (Premier Horticulture, Rivière-du-Loup, Quebec, Canada) at 4% (w/w) to inoculate seven P. ruthii plants grown in 10 cm-diameter pots; seven additional plants were grown in the same medium amended with 4% (w/w) sterile oats. Plants were grown in a greenhouse and covered with a plastic dome to maintain high humidity. After 2 weeks, six of the seven inoculated plants exhibited the same aerial blight symptoms as did the original infected plants from the field; none of the control plants developed disease symptoms. Colony morphology and hyphal characteristics as well as the sequence for the ITS region of rDNA from the re-isolated fungus were identical to the original isolate. To our knowledge, this is the first report of R. solani infecting Ruth's golden aster. We are not aware of the disease occurring in wild populations of the plant, but may impact plants grown in the landscape or greenhouse. References: (1) B. Sneh et al. Identification of Rhizoctonia Species. The American Phytopathological Society, St Paul, MN, 1991. (2) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. M. A. Innis et al., eds. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990.
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Syrovatka, N., O. Deren, D. Syrovatka, and R. Palamarchuk. "Characteristics of reproductive parameters and quality of sexual products of female carp (Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758)) when feeding them with hulless oat during prespawning period." Ribogospodarsʹka nauka Ukraïni., no. 2(56) (June 30, 2021): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fsu2021.02.045.
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Purpose. To investigate the effect of feeding carp with hulless oat during pre-spawning period on the reproductive functions of female carp as well as on qualitative characteristics of the obtained eggs. Methodology. The objects of the study were females of the Nyvky intra-breed type of the Ukrainian scaly carp breed, which were kept during the pre-spawning period in pond conditions of the State Enterprise “Nyvka” of the Institute of Fisheries NAAS of Ukraine. Females were divided into 3 groups. The first group (Experiment I) was fed with 30% hulless oat, the second (Experiment II) with 100% hulless oat. The control group of fish (Control) was fed with a grain mixture. Experiments were conducted in accordance with current methods used in aquaculture. The mass fraction of protein was determined by the Kjeldahl method, the fat content was determined by S.V. Rushkovsky method. Determination of total lipids was performed by the Folch method. Sampling of water for chemical analysis and its processing in the laboratory was carried out according to O.A. Alokin method according to the Standard of the Ministry of Agrarian Policy of Ukraine. Analytical processing of the material was performed using MS Excel. The criteria for the analysis of studied parameters were their mean values (M) and standard deviations (m). Results. According to studies, the use of 30% hulless oat in the feed of female carp during the pre-spawning has a positive effect on their production of eggs, as evidenced by an increase in relative fertility by 15.6%, fertilization rate by 4.0%, and survival of the obtained 3-day-old larvae by 5.0%. According to biochemical parameters of eggs, there was an increase in the amount of essential amino acids by 3.04 and 2.01 g/100 g of protein, and fractions of lipids responsible for energy storage, in particular triglycerides, by 11.56 and 5.62%, phospholipids by 3.65 and 2.37%, and fatty acids by 5.33 and 3.11%, respectively, according to the experimental groups. Instead, cholesterol levels decreased by 13.4 and 25.2%. Temperature, oxygen, and hydrochemical regimes in the hatchery were within aquaculture standards, except for permanganate oxidation and total iron and chlorine ions. Originality. The prospects of using hulless oat in feeding brood carp were studied in Ukraine for the first time. The analysis of reproductive parameters of female carp as a result of experimental feeding and evaluation of the qualitative characteristics of eggs and offspring obtained by the method of factory reproduction was conducted. Practical value. The results of a comprehensive assessment of aquaculture and biological parameters will provide recommendations for the use of hulless oat in feeding female carp during pre-spawning period. Key words: carp, feeding, hulless oats, reproductive parameters, survival, amino acid and lipid composition of eggs.
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Moreno, Gerardo, José Jesús Obrador, and Abelardo García. "Impact of evergreen oaks on soil fertility and crop production in intercropped dehesas." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 119, no. 3-4 (March 2007): 270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.07.013.
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Dixon, R. K., G. T. Behrns, H. E. Garrett, G. S. Cox, and I. L. Sander. "Synthesis of Ectomycorrhizae on Container-Grown Oak Seedlings." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 9, no. 2 (May 1, 1985): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/9.2.95.
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Abstract Growth and ectomycorrhizal development of container-grown black (Quercus velutina) and white (Q. alba) oak seedlings innoculated with Pisolithus tinctorius were studied in relation to growth-medium moisture, temperature, fertility, and fungal inoculum density. Daily watering of seedling growth medium suppressed ectomycorrhizal development. Colonization of seedling root systems by P. tinctorius increased with increasing growth medium temperature up to 87°F. Weekly fertilization of seedlings with a 375 ppm NPK solution did not adversely affect ectomycorrhizal development, while a 750 ppm NPK solution depressed infection. Ectomycorrhizal colonization success was partially influenced by fungal inoculum density. Results indicate the need to alter seedling cultural practices when producing ectomycorrhizal oaks in an artificial growth medium in containers.1
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Moreno, Gerardo, and José Jesús Obrador. "Effects of trees and understorey management on soil fertility and nutritional status of holm oaks in Spanish dehesas." Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 78, no. 3 (February 17, 2007): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10705-007-9089-3.
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Torres-Vila, L. M., F. J. Mendiola-Diaz, Y. Conejo-Rodríguez, and Á. Sánchez-González. "Reproductive traits and number of matings in males and females of Cerambyx welensii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) an emergent pest of oaks." Bulletin of Entomological Research 106, no. 3 (October 22, 2015): 292–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485315000747.
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AbstractThe longhorn beetle Cerambyx welensii is an emerging pest involved in oak decline episodes, whose damage is increasingly reported in dehesa open woodlands. Knowledge of the reproductive biology of C. welensii is a crucial goal due to its new pest status. In this study, we assess the reproductive traits of both sexes in the laboratory (25°C and 60% relative humidity ). In females, body length was 44.9 ± 0.9 mm (mean ± SE), fecundity 132 ± 12 eggs, fertility 70 ± 1 %, longevity 70 ± 3 days, preoviposition period 2 ± 0.2 days, oviposition period 44 ± 3 days and postoviposition period 19 ± 3 days. Fecundity was positively correlated with female size, longevity and oviposition period. Daily fecundity was 3.0 ± 0.2 eggs/day and showed a fluctuating synovigenic pattern with a slight decreasing trend over time. Egg length was 4.24 ± 0.01 mm and egg volume 8.14 ± 0.04 mm3. Egg size was correlated with female size but the relative size of eggs was larger in smaller females. Incubation time was 13.9 ± 0.1 days and hatching did not depend on egg size. Neonate size was positively correlated with egg length. Females were polyandrous (more than 20 lifetime matings) but multiple mating did not increase fecundity, fertility or longevity. In males, body length was 43.7 ± 0.6 mm and longevity 52 ± 3 days. Unlike with females, longevity was positively correlated with male size. Males were polygynous (up to 30 lifetime matings) but mating history did not affect male longevity. Rather to the contrary, long-lived males mated more times because they had more mating chances. Lastly, C. welensii reproductive traits were compared with those other Cerambycidae species and discussed from an adaptive perspective. Our data will be useful to improve management of C. welensii in order to prevent or mitigate its impact in dehesa woodlands and other oak forests.
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Maroyi, Alfred. "LANNEA ACIDA: A REVIEW OF ITS MEDICINAL USES AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 11 (November 7, 2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i11.28813.
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Lannea acida is widely used as herbal medicine in West Africa. The present study critically reviewed the medicinal uses and phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of L. acida. The keywords including L. acida, its synonyms, English common names, medicinal uses, and phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of the species were searched using electronic databases such as ISI web of knowledge, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, OATD, Scopus, OpenThesis, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The search for pre-electronic literature such as conference papers, scientific articles, books, book chapters, dissertations, and theses was carried out at the university library. Literature studies revealed that L. acida is mainly used for injuries, inflammation and pain, gastrointestinal problems, fever and malaria, gynecological and pregnancy disorders, ethnoveterinary medicine, hemorrhoids, skin diseases, and infections. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species include alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids. Pharmacological studies revealed that L. acida extracts have anthelmintic, antibacterial, antidiarrheal, anti-inflammatory, antimycobacterial, antioxidant, estrogenic, fertility, hyaluronidase, phospholipase A2, proteolytic, and vibriocidal activities. Given the importance of L. acida as herbal medicine, there is a need for detailed studies aimed at establishing the efficacy, clinical relevance, and safety of the plant extracts and compounds.
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Carey, Chelsea J., Kelly Gravuer, Sasha Gennet, Dillon Osleger, and Stephen A. Wood. "Supporting evidence varies for rangeland management practices that seek to improve soil properties and forage production in California." California Agriculture 74, no. 2 (June 2020): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3733/ca.2020a0015.
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California is increasingly investing in policies and programs that promote soil stewardship on natural and working lands as a way to help achieve multiple goals, including improved forage production and climate change mitigation. To inform the growing expectations for rangeland management activities to promote such services, we conducted an evidence synthesis assessing how four commonly suggested practices (silvopasture, prescribed grazing, compost application and riparian restoration) affect a suite of soil properties and plant-related metrics throughout the state. We extracted data on soil properties that are potentially responsive to management and relevant to soil health. We also extracted data on aboveground forage production, forage nitrogen content and herbaceous species richness. Our search resulted in 399 individual soil observations and 64 individual plant observations. We found that the presence of oaks had the largest effects on soil properties, with soil organic carbon, microbial biomass and other measures of soil fertility increasing beneath oak canopies. The presence of grazing increased compaction and total nitrogen, and decreased pH. Compost applications did not significantly affect any of the measured soil properties, but did boost forage production. Due to a lack of published data, we were unable to characterize the influence of rangeland riparian restoration on any of the soil or plant metrics in our review.
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Vaitiekūnaitė, Dorotėja, and Valentinas Snitka. "Differentiation of Closely Related Oak-Associated Gram-Negative Bacteria by Label-Free Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS)." Microorganisms 9, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): 1969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091969.
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Due to the harmful effects of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the need for an eco-friendly solution to improve soil fertility has become a necessity, thus microbial biofertilizer research is on the rise. Plant endophytic bacteria inhabiting internal tissues represent a novel niche for research into new biofertilizer strains. However, the number of species and strains that need to be differentiated and identified to facilitate faster screening in future plant-bacteria interaction studies, is enormous. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) may provide a platform for bacterial discrimination and identification, which, compared with the traditional methods, is relatively rapid, uncomplicated and ensures high specificity. In this study, we attempted to differentiate 18 bacterial isolates from two oaks via morphological, physiological, biochemical tests and SERS spectra analysis. Previous 16S rRNA gene fragment sequencing showed that three isolates belong to Paenibacillus, 3—to Pantoea and 12—to Pseudomonas genera. Additional tests were not able to further sort these bacteria into strain-specific groups. However, the obtained label-free SERS bacterial spectra along with the high-accuracy principal component (PCA) and discriminant function analyses (DFA) demonstrated the possibility to differentiate these bacteria into variant strains. Furthermore, we collected information about the biochemical characteristics of selected isolates. The results of this study suggest a promising application of SERS in combination with PCA/DFA as a rapid, non-expensive and sensitive method for the detection and identification of plant-associated bacteria.
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Nicolescu, Valeriu-Norocel, Torsten Vor, William L. Mason, Jean-Charles Bastien, Robert Brus, Jean-Marc Henin, Ivo Kupka, et al. "Ecology and management of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L. syn. Q. borealis F. Michx.) in Europe: a review." Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research 93, no. 4 (September 20, 2018): 481–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpy032.
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Abstract Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L. syn. Q. borealis F. Michx.) is a valuable broadleaved tree species originating from the eastern half of the USA and Canada. It was introduced to Europe in 1691 and currently covers over 350 000 ha, being found all over the continent, except the coldest part of Scandinavia. It is a fast-growing and valuable broadleaved tree due to its ecological characteristics, good wood properties and high economic value. Northern red oak prefers deep, loose, moderately humid and acid soils, without compact horizons and of at least moderate fertility. It does not grow well on dry, calcareous soils as well as waterlogged or poorly drained soils. It is either naturally regenerated using a group shelterwood system or planted using seedlings of European provenance, collected in certified seed stands. As northern red oak is light-demanding, its management should be ‘dynamic’ and includes heavy interventions (cleaning–respacing and thinning from above), in order to minimize crown competition between the final crop trees. These should produce large diameter trees for valuable end uses (e.g. veneer, solid furniture, lumber, etc.) within a rotation period generally of 80–100 years. The necessity for pruning (both formative and high) depends on the stand stocking at establishment, the subsequent silvicultural interventions as well as the occurrence of forking. The adaptation potential of northern red oak to predicted climate change, especially drought, seems to be higher than for European native oaks, the importance of the species is expected to increase in the future.
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Bousnane, Nour El Houda, Ali Chennaf, and Mouloud Yahia. "Study of hormone levels and semen parameters in infertile patients and fertile controls from Batna." Medical Technologies Journal 1, no. 2 (June 8, 2017): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26415/2572-004x-vol1iss2p39-40.
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Background: Male infertility or the inability of a man to procreate is a major public health problem and is a leading cause of marital discord in countries such as Algeria. Endocrine disorders that can be associated with significant medical pathology remain an important factor to be considered in the etiology of male infertility, and those disorders are usually associated with alteration of sperm count or in severe cases with azoospermia. In this study, we are evaluating semen parameters and hormonal levels of patients with idiopathic male infertility and comparing their results with healthy fertile controls.
Methods: We aim to study the impact of hormones; follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T) and prolactin (PRL) on idiopathic male fertility and their impact on semen parameters, we conducted a study on 71 male subjects with 39 infertile men and 32 fertile controls from the city of Batna (Algeria). Our study lasted six months and was conducted at the University Hospital of Batna and a private analysis laboratory.
Results: The results of semen analysis allowed us to determine that the most common pathology in our population is OANTS with a percentage of 21.05% followed by NS and NT with 13.16%; results of the permocytogramme show a predominance of atypical forms of the head with a frequency of 39.21%. Regarding the hormone dosage, prolactin was the most disturbed hormone with an average value of (18 ± 6.221 ng/ml), which is almost pathologic; the other hormones showed some disturbances but to a lesser degree. The results of spermiologique parameters of infertile men compared with fertile controls showed highly significant differences (P≤O.OOO1) regarding motility, concentration vitality, and spermatozoa morphology. The comparison of results of hormones between the two groups revealed differences in LH and prolactin levels; no differences were found regarding FSH and testosterones. Concerning the relationship between hormones and spermiologiques parameters, positive correlations were found between (LH and sperm concentration) (testosterone and sperm concentration), and, finally, a strong correlation was found between the levels of prolactin and the anomalies of intermediate piece of spermatozoa.
Conclusion: This study showed that hormonal disorders are not a common cause of male infertility in our study population. It further showed the relative frequencies of the various semen abnormalities during the study period. Also, we found associations between altered semen parameters and pathological levels of some hormones; however, a complementary study with a more subjects is needed.
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Knudtson, Jennifer, Jessica McLaughlin, Marlen Tellez Santos, Rajeshwar R. Tekmal, and Robert Schenken. "3332 Overexpression of CD44 is involved in the development of the early endometriotic lesion in a xenograft model." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 3, s1 (March 2019): 111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2019.255.
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Previously, we showed decreased development of endometriotic lesions in CD44 knockout mice compared to control.(1) CD44 has 10 different variants and a standard form. Menstrual endometrial cells (MECs) from women with endometriosis have increased adhesion and also express higher levels of CD44 variant 6 (v6) than v3, compared to MECs from women without endometriosis. (2) Here, we assessed the effects of CD44 standard (CD44s), CD44v3 and CD44v6 overexpression (OE) on immortalized human endometrial epithelial (iEECs) and stroma cells (hESCs) in vivo attachment in a nude mouse xenograft model. 1. Knudtson JF, Tekmal RR, Santos MT, et al. Impaired Development of Early Endometriotic Lesions in CD44 Knockout Mice. Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.). 2016;23(1):87-91. 2. Griffith JS, Liu YG, Tekmal RR, Binkley PA, Holden AE, Schenken RS. Menstrual endometrial cells from women with endometriosis demonstrate increased adherence to peritoneal cells and increased expression of CD44 splice variants. Fertility and sterility. 2010;93(6):1745-1749. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Overexpression of CD44s, CD44v3 and CD44v6 was carried out using lipofectamine and their expression verified with qRT-PCR in iEEC and hESCs. Nude mice, 8-10 week old, were injected with estrogen 1 week prior to injection of iEECs and hESCs (n=7 per group). The cells were counted after transfection and at least 300,000 iEECs and 300,000 hESCs were injected per mouse. The transfected cells were tagged with cell tracker red (iEECs) and green (hESCs). Forty-eight hours after injection into the xenograft, the mice were sacrificed. The cells were counted using fluorescent stereo microscopy (FSM). Percent attachment was calculated based on the number of cells visualized by FSM divided by the number of transfected cells injected. Unpaired student t-test was performed to analyze differences in the percent attachment of the cells. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The majority of cells were attached to the peritoneum. There was increased attachment of hESCs with OE of CD44v6 compared to control (p=0.03). CD44v6 OE did not change attachment of iEECs. There was no difference in attachment in iEECs or hESCs with OE of CD44s or CD44v3. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Overexpression of CD44v6 increases attachment of ESCs to PMCs in an in vivo xenograft model. Menstrual endometrial cell type and CD44 variants play a complex role in the development of the early endometriotic lesion.
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Oliveira, Stela Alves, Angelo Matheus Santos, Sonivaldo Ruzzene Beltrame, João Paulo Francisco, and Ana Daniela Lopes. "Salicylic acid as a mitigator of water stress in black oats seeds." Scientia Agraria Paranaensis, December 15, 2019, 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.18188/sap.v18i4.22544.
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Oats are a very popular grass used in crop rotation to provide organic matter, green mass and assist in the natural aeration of the soil. Agronomic factors such as acidity correction and soil fertility adjustments can be controlled, but when it comes to climatic factors, cultivation depends on favorable climate conditions for good plant development. For instance, low rainfall occurrences result in decreased percentage of germination and plant development. Water stress affects plant development. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid as a water stress mitigator on black oats. The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of Products and Microorganisms of the University of Parana. Black oats (Avena strigosa Schreb) seeds were submitted to different imbibition treatments: without imbibition, soaked in distilled water, and soaked in salicylic acid. Then, they were placed in gerbox boxes previously moistened with 6000 polyethylene glycol solution with different osmotic potentials (0.0; -0.2; -0.4; -0.6 and -0.8 MPa). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replicates. Ten days after the experiment, the following parameters were evaluated: germination percentage, germination velocity index, shoot length and radicle length. Salicylic acid at the concentration used in this study promotes a mitigating effect of water stress caused by PEG6000, increasing the germination percentage of black oat seeds.
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"INFLUENCE OF GREEN MANURE AND BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS ON FERTILITY OF SOD-PODZOLIC SOILS AND PRODUCTIVITY OF FLAX." АГРАРНЫЙ ВЕСТНИК ВЕРХНЕВОЛЖЬЯ, September 15, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35523/2307-5872-2020-32-3-48-53.
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The paper presents the results of research conducted in 2018-2019 in the Ivanovo state agricultural Academy (Ivanovo region, Ivanovo) on the study of methods for increasing the productivity offlax based on the use of sideral precursors and biological preparations. In scientific experience Trichosan with a consumption rate of 3 l/ha was introduced in autumn, after harvesting the predecessor and in spring, for pre-sowing cultivation at a dose of 2 l/ha. Trichozan - 1 l/t and Vitariz - 1 l/t were used for sequential seed treatment before sowing. Vitariz - 1 l/ha was usedfor two-time treatment of plants during the growing season, Bioinsecticide - 3 l/ha -for a single treatment in the "herringbone" phase. To increase the biological activity of the drugs, the working fluid was added to humate Fertility Universal at a dose of300 ml/ha. The purpose of scientific research was to study the effectiveness of new precursors-white mustard and peas with oats, biofungicides and bioinsecticide in the formation of yield offlax-Longhorn variety Tom-sky-17. The research objectives were to determine the influence of sideral precursors and biological preparations on the agrochemical and agrophysical properties of the soil, littering, disease resistance,the formation of elements of the crop structure, yield of straw and flax seeds. Sideral crops had a complex effect on the soil: they contributed to the accumulation of humus and food elements, significantly improved its physical properties, and reduced clogging. Biological preparations were characterized by a growth stimulating effect, increased plant resistance to diseases and pests. The use of biological preparations against the background of sideral precursors allowed to increase the yield of straw and flax seeds and realize the potential of the Tomsky-17 variety in the conditions of the Ivanovo region at the level of 104.0-92.3 C/ha of straw and 15.5-14.1 C/ha of seeds. The greatest productive and economic effect was obtained when using peas with oats and complex application of biologics.
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Volsi, Bruno, Ivan Bordin, Gabriel Eiji Higashi, and Tiago Santos Telles. "Economic profitability of crop rotation systems in the Caiuá sandstone area." Ciência Rural 50, no. 2 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20190264.
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ABSTRACT: Even in areas of predominance of Caiuá sandstone, with soils of low natural fertility that are highly susceptible to erosion and degradation processes, farmers have adopted systems with little diversification, because they believe that they provide a greater economic return. However, agricultural practices such as crop rotation can bring agronomic benefits in terms of conservation agriculture, in addition to economic gains, circumventing edaphoclimatic difficulties in the region. In this context, the objective of this study is to verify whether no-till crop rotation systems are economically profitable, in a Caiuá sandstone area in the northwest region of the Brazilian state of Paraná. To this end, an experiment was conducted in the municipality of Umuarama, state of Paraná, in the crop year 2014/15 to 2016/17. The experimental design used random blocks, with four treatments and four repetitions. The treatments consisted of four crop rotation systems, involving wheat, black oats, canola, safflower, rye, crambe, beans, maize, fodder radish, soybean, sorghum, lupin beans, buckwheat, and triticale cultivars. Crop yields, operating costs, income, and net farm income were assessed. From the results, it was reported that the highest income was obtained in the systems that adopted the largest number of winter and summer commercial crops. Only one treatment was profitable, that is, it had a positive net farm income. This scenario may be associated with the fragility of the region’s soil, which having low fertility, requires a high investment in fertilization and liming to ensure adequate production.
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Aggarwal, P., T. B. Rohatgi, R. Singh, S. Patel, S. Ghumman, and N. Nair. "P–460 Impact of various cancers on semen parameters in a tertiary onco-fertility unit in India." Human Reproduction 36, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deab130.459.
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Abstract Study question This study evaluated differences in semen parameters in male cancer patients in our ethnic population who banked their sperms prior to cancer treatment Summary answer We found significant differences in semen concentration, motility and morphology between different types of cancers, especially testicular cancers What is known already Impaired spermatogenesis and abnormal semen parameters in cancer patients has been noted, however certain cancer types are more damaging than others. In testicular cancer, spermatogenesis impairment is more quantitative than qualitative with sperm morphology being the most affected parameter. Among non testicular cancers, lymphoma cases usually show the most significantly impaired semen parameters Study design, size, duration We conducted a retrospective study analyzing semen parameters in 49 cancer patients between October 2014 to January 2020 who presented to the onco-fertility unit, Max Multispeciality Hospitals, New Delhi. Furthermore, we did our analysis based on total of 101 samples and were broadly divided into testicular (37 samples) and non testicular cancers (64 samples). Patients who had previously received any form of cancer treatment including chemotherapy or radiotherapy were not included in this study Participants/materials, setting, methods Testicular Cancer(TC) group was further subcategorized into Seminoma and Non Seminoma groups whereas Non Testicular Cancer (NTC) group was subcategorized into Lymphoma and Non Lymphoma groups. Semen was collected by masturbation and analysis was performed in keeping with the WHO criteria. Statistical analyses was performed using SPSS software. p values <0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. Main results and the role of chance In Testicular cancer (TC), 92% samples (34/37) had abnormal semen parameters whereas only 24.4% samples (22/64) were abnormal in Non Testicular cancer (NTC). Additionally, there were significant differences in sperm concentration, motility and morphology between TC and NTC groups. Individually, TC: Oligozoospermia was seen in 73% (27/37) with subdivision between Seminoma and Non Seminoma groups being 81.3% (13/16) and 61.9% (13/21). Asthenozoospermia was seen in 86.5% (32/37) samples with subdivision between Seminoma and Non Seminoma groups being 87.5% (14/16) and 81% (17/21). Teratozoospermia was seen in 59.5% (22/37) samples with subdivision between Seminoma and Non Seminoma groups being 75% (12/16) and 42.86% (9/21). Combined OATS observed in 59.5% (22/37) samples with subdivision between Seminoma and Non Seminoma groups being 75% (12/16) and 42.86% (9/21) NTC: Oligozoospermia was seen in 18.8% (12/64) samples with subdivision between Lymphoma and Non Lymphoma groups being 26.92% (7/26) and 26.32% (10/38). Asthenozoospermia was seen in 32.8% (21/64) samples with subdivision between Lymphoma and Non Lymphoma groups being 34.62% (9/26) and 34.21% (13/38). Teratozoospermia was seen in 17.2% (11/64) samples with subdivision between Lymphoma and Non Lymphoma groups being 26.9% (7/26) and 23.68% (9/38). Combined OATS observed in 17.2% (11/64) samples with subdivision between Lymphoma and Non Lymphoma groups being 26.9% (7/26) and 23.68% (9/38). Limitations, reasons for caution Study was conducted in a single institution with lesser overall number of patients. Duration, staging and grading of cancers were also not individually assessed, which could be a further limiting factor. Wider implications of the findings: Testicular cancers, especially seminomas, have the most severe effect upon semen parameters. Among NTC patients, lymphomas have the worst impact. Knowing the varying effect of different cancers on semen parameters in our ethnic population helps ART specialists and oncologists to appropriately modify patient counseling and improve fertility outcomes. Trial registration number RMO13019