Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Obelisk'

Today, there are more Egyptian obelisks outside of Egypt than there are left where they were made. The obelisks are certainly beautiful, but what lies beneath are uncountable hours, days and years of work. Work which made the obelisks end up where they are today. From quarrying these enormous pieces of stone by smashing rock against rock, to building ships without equal for their transportation. It is hard to understand the amount of resources, manpower and organization that went into creating these tall monuments. Therefore, this study will attempt to examine each step in transporting the obelisks, from the quarry to their destination. Where theories collide, the study will weigh them against each other critically to give a fuller account of the transportation of the obelisks of Egypt. This study will begin by presenting a background, or basis, which will be further built upon as it progresses. The first chapter is mainly focused around the circumstance of transportation, along with giving a basic description of obelisks as individual objects. The next step lies in studying the general shipbuilding techniques used in ancient Egypt. This in turn will help in understanding the obelisk ships and the loading and unloading of these vessels. The obelisk ships and their loading will be the focal point of this study. The mainstay of the sources used for this study comes from earlier theories. The primary sources of this study will mainly consist of textual remains along with depictions.
Idag finns det fler obelisker utanför Egypten än vad det finns kvar innanför dess gränser. Obeliskerna är helt klart vackra, men vad som ligger under ytan är oräkneliga timmar, dagar och år av arbete. Arbete som gjorde att obeliskerna hamnade på den plats de är idag. Från att bryta dessa enorma stenblock genom att slå sten mot sten, till att bygga skepp utan dess like för deras transport. Det är svårt att förstå den enorma mängd resurser, arbetskraft och ren vilja som krävdes för att skapa dessa höga monument. Av denna anledning kommer den här studien att försöka närma sig varje steg i transporten av obelisker, från stenbrottet till deras destination. Där teorier kolliderar, kommer denna studie att väga dem mot varandra kritiskt för att ge en mer komplett inblick i transporten av antika Egyptiska obelisker. Denna studie kommer att börja med att presentera en bakgrund, eller bas, som kommer att byggas vidare på under arbetets gång. Studiens första del fokuserar  på omständigheterna för transporten, samt med att ge en grundläggande beskrivning av obelisker som individuella objekt. Det nästkommande steget ligger i att studera de tekniker som användes för skeppsbygge i det antika Egypten. Detta kommer i sin tur underlätta för förståelsen av obeliskskepp och avlastning samt pålastning av dessa farkoster. Obeliskskeppen och deras lastning kommer att utgöra huvuddelen i denna studie. Huvuddelen av källorna som använts för denna studie kommer från tidigare teorier. Primärkällorna som använts består till största del av textuella lämningar samt avbildningar.

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
O tema desta pesquisa envolve o reconhecimento de Marcos Referenciais Urbanos como caracterizadores da identidade de bairros e cidades e como elementos-chave na formação do imaginário urbano dos habitantes. Se bem aceitos pela população local, os marcos transformam-se em referência simbólica para o tecido urbano. Este trabalho apresenta o resultado do estudo realizado sobre marcos construídos durante a implementação de programas de revitalização urbana, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro - Brasil - e na cidade de Providence - EUA. No programa Rio Cidade 1, os marcos estudados foram o conjunto Obelisco e passarela, no bairro de Ipanema - gerador do problema da pesquisa por ter sido rejeitado pelos usuários cariocas -, e a Laranja, de Campo Grande. No programa Providence`s Renaissance, nos EUA, o WaterFire. O principal objetivo foi examinar a expressão simbólica dos três marcos, mostrar a contextualização histórico-social dos programas de revitalização e as atuações das respectivas administrações públicas. Aplica a técnica da visão serial na contextualização morfológica dos elementos construídos. Apresenta reflexões sobre os processos projetuais, as diretrizes metodológicas, bem como o posicionamento dos usuários, sob análise sistemática baseada em aspectos fundamentais da comunicação estruturalista de Roland Barthes, e da dialógica, de Mikhail Bakhtin. Propõe, por fim, alguns pontos-chave para a análise metodológica dos Marcos Referenciais Urbanos, que puderam ser desenvolvidos a partir dos pressupostos teóricos e da hipótese levantada.
The research theme involves the recognition of Built Urban Landscape Marks as active agents in the identity characterization of neighborhoods and cities, and as key elements in the construction of inhabitants`s urban imaginary. If well accepted by the local population, the marks become a symbolic reference to the site. Otherwise, they only amount to urban furniture without function. This thesis presents the results of the research developed about marks built during urban revitalization programs constructed in Brazil and Providence, USA. From Rio Cidade 1, R.J., the following marks were studied: Ipanema`s Obelisk and foot-bridge - the research`s problem source, once the citizens didn`t recognize or legitimate it , and Campo Grande`s Orange. Lastly, during Providence`s Renaissance (U.S.A.), the third chosen mark was built: WaterFire. The main goal of the research is to analyze the symbolic expression of the three marks. This thesis also aims to address the historical and social contexts in which the revitalization programs took place and the roles played by each public administration during the process. It applies the visual series methodology in the reading of the morphological contexts of the built elements and their positions within it. It presents an analysis about the design processes and the methodological procedures adopted. Moreover, this analysis uses Barthes`s structuralist communication model and Bakhtin`s dialogic communication as theory basis to address the user`s role in the processes and procedures that have been adopted. Finally, the thesis proposes some key points to the methodological analysis of Built Urban Landscape Marks that could be developed by the theory basis and the hypothesis adopted.

Re-use of ancient Egyptian architectural styles outside Egypt began in the time of the pharaohs and continues to the present day. The style draws on the structures, elements and motifs of ancient Egypt using both ancient and replica/pastiche pieces. I will argue that appropriation of the style should be seen as an active process designed to create a cultural object with specific meaning within the coeval social world. Drawing on the tenets of reception theory, I aim to explore the appropriation of Egyptian obelisks to early imperial Rome by considering the social circumstances, possible producer motivation and potential audience responses to the monuments. I will propose that the appropriation of Egyptian obelisks to Rome is a creative negotiation that prioritises particular aspects of the monument to address specific economic, political and religious circumstances within the appropriating society. At the same time it is important to consider the coeval perceptions of Egypt circulating in Rome and how these perceptions impact on the selection and reception of obelisks in the city. Central to my research is the presentation of a data set relating to fourteen obelisks appropriated to Rome, a detailed discussion of the ‘transfer vehicles’ which carried crucial information about ancient Egypt and obelisks from Egypt into the Roman world, and the identification of clusters of appropriation points within the imperial period; all of which help to create a more nuanced picture of why at least fifty obelisks were raised in Rome and how we might start to understand these acts of appropriation two thousand years later.

Lördagen den 26:e maj år 2018 sätts första spaden i marken för ett av vår tids största bostadsprojekt. Årstafältet, en i dag lantlig lunga i närmaste Söderort, skall under de nästkommande tolv åren bebyggas till två femtedelar med bostäder och i en avsevärt mer urban kontext erbjuda boende till 15 000 nya stockholmare – ett bostadsprojekt vars omfattning motsvarar hela Nynäshamns befolkning, eller en femtedel av Kungsholmens. Den nya detaljplanen, vars motto är "en plats för möten" och vars ledord är "variation", förordar att den nya bebyggelsen skall präglas av variation i höjder, former och stilar. I enlighet med detaljplanens ledord och kandidatarbetets program har vi gestaltat en skolbyggnad för 540 elever i åldrarna 10 till 16 år, som med en postmodern, eklektisk ansats förenat element och inspiration från många olika stilbildningar, och där de varierande miljöernas utformning ej underordnar sig någon enskild arkitektonisk princip, utan också i sig utgör en plats för möten – mellan tider, stilar, material och element. Esplanadskolan har utformats som ett postmodernt skolpalats, där kunskapens enastående värde och institutionens oerhörda vikt befästs i sin monumentalitet. Esplanadskolan riktar sig utåt till såväl den nya som befintliga stadsdelar som ett landmärke och symbolbyggnad, där en stor del av lokalerna är öppna för allmänheten utanför skoltid, och avser i sina inre rumsligheter att erbjuda skolungdomen intresseväckande och varierande lokaler, med ett vinterträdgårdsatrium, en monumental spiraltrappa och en fresnelprismatisk ljusobelisk som sammanbindande nav.
On Saturday May 26th, A.D. 2018, the ground work is initiated for one of our time’s most expansive housing projects. Årstafältet, a predominately natural park in southern Stockholm, will during the next twelve years be urbanized to two fifths of its total area, giving context for an entirely new urban quarter, accomodating 15 000 new Stockholmers. The scale of the housing project is comparable to the whole population of Nynäshamn, or one fifth of Kungsholmen’s. The new zoning plan has the motto “a place for meetings”, and its main principle is “variation”. The zoning plan requests that the new buildings should be characterized by a variation in different heights, forms and styles. In accordance with the main principle of the zoning plan, and with the program of the degree project, we have designed a school building for 540 pupils in the ages of 10 to 16 years, which embodies a postmodern, eclectical approach, in uniting diverse architectural elements and inspiration from many different historical styles, and in the standpoint that the diversity of elements and physical environments is not subordinated to any one architectural principle. The school is in itself a place of meetings – between epochs, styles, materials and elements. Esplanade Elementary School has been designed as a postmodern, monumental school, where the awesome dignity of knowledge, as well as the massive importance of the school as a societal institution, is fortified in the architecture’s monumentality. Esplanade Elementary School directs itself as a landmark and symbol to both old and new contexts in its urban vicinity, opening up its doors for the public in many aspects outside of school hours. It also aspires to offer its pupils physical environments which evoke their immersive interest and in its diversity allow for the phenomenological compatibility of equally diverse environmental preferences. The main elements which make up the directional essence of the interior environments are the Botanical atrium, the monumental spiral staircase and the Obelisk of Light, composed of hundreds of naturally and artificially lighted fresnel prisms.

La tesi analizza il dialetto bavarese sulla base di un confronto fra il fumetto di Asterix e Obelix in bavarese e tedesco standard. Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit ist eine Analyse des bairischen Dialekts. Der Ausgangspunkt ist der Comic von Asterix und Obelix auf Bairisch.

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This dissertation is about the relationship between literature and history, focusing on the work Gaúchos no obelisco, published in 1984 by the writer and psychoanalyst Cyro Martins. Among its objectives are to analyze the interweaving of literature and history in the work of Cyro Martins, to uncover the techniques used for the history's insertion in the novel and to examine the literary elements present in the narrative. In 1980, Cyro presented, at the Simpósio sobre a Revolução de 1930, a literary text about the historical event. From this theme, this paper is built. At first, thre is an analysis about the presence of history within the narrative through referential aspects such as dates, places, entities and historical characters. After, divided into nucleus, fictional characters are observed. Some of the theorists who subsidize this study are Maria Teresa de Freitas, Alcmeno Bastos, Käte Hamburger, Antonio Candido, Sandra Jatahy Pesavento and Luiz Costa Lima.
Esta dissertação trata das relações entre literatura e história, com enfoque na obra Gaúchos no obelisco, publicada em 1984 pelo escritor e psicanalista sul-rio-grandense Cyro Martins. Entre seus objetivos estão o de analisar o entrelaçamento de literatura e história na obra de Cyro Martins, o de constatar as técnicas utilizadas para a inserção da história no romance e o de examinar os elementos literários presentes na narrativa. No ano de 1980, Cyro apresentou, no Simpósio sobre a Revolução de 1930, um texto literário sobre o evento histórico. A partir desse mote, o presente trabalho se constrói. Em um primeiro momento, é analisada a presença da história dentro da narrativa através de aspectos referenciais como as datas, os espaços, as entidades e as personagens históricas. Na sequência, divididas em núcleos, são observadas as personagens ficcionais. Alguns dos teóricos que subsidiam este estudo são Maria Teresa de Freitas, Alcmeno Bastos, Käte Hamburger, Antonio Candido, Sandra Jatahy Pesavento e Luiz Costa Lima.

Aim of the study – to evaluate the phenotypic variability of the wild apple and the wild pear in the aspect of the species’ natural regeneration and survival. The research sites have been chosen in the typical forest habitats of the species. The data on the mature trees were collected in the forests of south-western and central Lithuania in 1997-2005. The data on taxonomic identity of self-spreading pears were obtained after the evaluation of clone collection at the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture. SAS and STATISTICA procedures were used for mathematical-statistical analysis of the data. With an aim to determine whether the wild apple may be able to produce viable apomictic seeds, seven progenies have been selected for peroxidase analysis according to the evaluation results of different female-trees at their natural habitats. The results of K-means clustering of pear clones were the sampling basis for peroxidase analysis of self-spreading pears. The novelty of the study is presented by: the evaluation of the phenotypic differences among trees at their natural habitats within the wild apple; the determination of the critical traits of the wild apple indicative for vigorousness of tree growth and survival; the determination of wild genotypes of the apple and the pear with the aid of peroxidase analysis for the first time in Lithuania; the definition of traits for taxonomic identification of self-spreading pears; the conceptualization of conservation and promotion of the... [to full text]

Naminė obelis (Malus x domestica Borkh.) yra vienas plačiausiai auginamų ir ekonomiškai svarbių vaismedžių. Obels vainiko architektūra yra biologinis požymis, nuo kurio priklauso vaismedžio derėjimo tipas, sąnaudų genėjimui poreikis. Obels vainiko architektūros tyrimai apima augimo reguliatorių taikymo, šakų vystymosi, genėjimo, aplinkos veiksnių poveikio augalų vainiko architektūrai tyrimus. Genetiniai ir fiziologiniai aspektai kol kas mažai ištirti. Tyrimų tikslas – ištirti obels vainiko architektūros paveldėjimą, nustatyti morfologinius ir molekulinius žymenis, susietus su obels vainiko forma ir numatyti jų panaudojimą juvenaliniame raidos tarpsnyje prognozuojant obels hibridų vainiko formą. Pirmą kartą nustatyti koloninės ir svyrančios vainiko formos obelų morfologiniai ir biocheminiai žymenys juvenaliniame raidos tarpsnyje. Šių žymenų naudojimas leidžia atrinkti norimos vainiko formos hibridus pirmais auginimo metais. Nustatyti obels morfologinių požymių, tiesiogiai susietų su vainiko architektūra, paveldėjimo dėsningumai. Ištirta, kad kryžminimuose naudotų koloninių veislių Co genas yra heterozigotinėje būsenoje. Pirmą kartą ištirta augalo hormonų dinamika skirtingos vainiko formos obelų lapuose vegetacijos laikotarpiu. Atskleistas abscizo ir giberelo rūgščių antagonistinis ryšys bei sinergetinis ryšys tarp giberelo rūgšties ir zeatino kontroliuojant obelų tarpubamblio ilgį. Pirmą kartą nustatyti biocheminiai žymenys, tinkami hibridų koloninei vainiko formai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) is one of the most widespread and economically important fruit trees. Canopy architecture of an apple determines fruit bearing and demand for pruning. Main apple canopy architecture topics are related to application of growth regulators, fertilizers, studies of shoot development and pruning, and environmental influence. Genetic and physiologic aspects are studied less. The aim of the research was to investigate inheritance of apple tree canopy architecture, to identify morphological and molecular markers related to canopy architecture and to evaluate their usage in predicting canopy ideotype of apple seedlings in juvenile phase. Morphological and biochemical markers for selection of columnar and weeping apple seedlings were identified for the first time. Usage of these markers enables to select hybrids with desired canopy form during first year of growing. Regularities of morphological trait inheritance were established. It was established, that Co gene is dominant heterozygous in parental columnar clones. Dynamics of phytohormones in leafs of apple trees with different canopy architecture during vegetation were evaluated for the first time. Antagonistic relation between abscisic and giberelic acids and synergetic link between giberelic acid and zeatin controlling apple internode length was identified. Biochemical markers for identifying columnar seedling canopy in juvenile phase were established for the first time. High amount of auxin and... [to full text]

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This dissertation is about the relationship between literature and history, focusing on the work Ga?chos no obelisco, published in 1984 by the writer and psychoanalyst Cyro Martins. Among its objectives are to analyze the interweaving of literature and history in the work of Cyro Martins, to uncover the techniques used for the history's insertion in the novel and to examine the literary elements present in the narrative. In 1980, Cyro presented, at the Simp?sio sobre a Revolu??o de 1930, a literary text about the historical event. From this theme, this paper is built. At first, thre is an analysis about the presence of history within the narrative through referential aspects such as dates, places, entities and historical characters. After, divided into nucleus, fictional characters are observed. Some of the theorists who subsidize this study are Maria Teresa de Freitas, Alcmeno Bastos, K?te Hamburger, Antonio Candido, Sandra Jatahy Pesavento and Luiz Costa Lima
Esta disserta??o trata das rela??es entre literatura e hist?ria, com enfoque na obra Ga?chos no obelisco, publicada em 1984 pelo escritor e psicanalista sul-rio-grandense Cyro Martins. Entre seus objetivos est?o o de analisar o entrela?amento de literatura e hist?ria na obra de Cyro Martins, o de constatar as t?cnicas utilizadas para a inser??o da hist?ria no romance e o de examinar os elementos liter?rios presentes na narrativa. No ano de 1980, Cyro apresentou, no Simp?sio sobre a Revolu??o de 1930, um texto liter?rio sobre o evento hist?rico. A partir desse mote, o presente trabalho se constr?i. Em um primeiro momento, ? analisada a presen?a da hist?ria dentro da narrativa atrav?s de aspectos referenciais como as datas, os espa?os, as entidades e as personagens hist?ricas. Na sequ?ncia, divididas em n?cleos, s?o observadas as personagens ficcionais. Alguns dos te?ricos que subsidiam este estudo s?o Maria Teresa de Freitas, Alcmeno Bastos, K?te Hamburger, Antonio Candido, Sandra Jatahy Pesavento e Luiz Costa Lima

There are many questions associated with the understanding of the origin and regulation of bioluminescence. A key question underlying this thesis was why coelenterazine evolved as the most common marine luciferin. Another problem addressed was the coelenterazine source of the bioluminescent hydroid Obelia, which is unknown. Coelenterazine is an integral part of Obelia’s photoprotein, triggered by Ca2+. The thesis also investigated the uncertainty over how Ca2+ enters Obelia’s photocytes. Obelia is considered to have four species, but they have been misidentified. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) acts as a fluor in Obelia producing green light. The selective advantage of this green bioluminescence requires confirmation. Results showed that Obelia geniculata cultures rapidly lost their bioluminescence, indicating Obelia requires a dietary supply of coelenterazine. Adding coelenterazine to Obelia briefly restored its bioluminescence. Levels of obelin dropped in Obelia geniculata cultures. Obelia longissima had a lower level of coelenterazine and bioluminescence than Obelia geniculata. Coelenterazine was detected in species living on Obelia and, three non luminous species of copepod. A range of species were identified in zooplankton, as possible coelenterazine sources. Ratios of obelin to apoobelin changed in older colonies. The problem of misidentification of Obelia species was solved by utilising the fluorescent patterns of Obelia’s photocytes. GFP was recorded for the first time in the hydrotheca and tentacles of Obelia dichotoma. Fluorescence maxima for Obelia geniculata and Obelia dichotoma iv were different. GFP in Obelia was found to photobleach far slower than GFP in EGFP. This supports the hypothesis that Obelia has a molecular mechanism which protects its GFP from photobleaching. Light emission from Obelia geniculata was different from Obelia longissima. This suggests that the mode of entry of Ca2+ into the photocytes of these two species is different. To investigate the exact pathway by which initial stimulation of Obelia causes Ca2+ to enter the photocytes, experiments were conducted using K+ channel blockers. The potassium ion channel blockers tetraethyl ammonium chloride and 4-aminopyridine both produced a bioluminescent response in Obelia geniculata. This suggested that the pathway included K+channels. In a polar solvent coelenterazine produced low chemiluminescence, which increased with increasing luciferin concentration. Human albumin and BSA increased this effect. This supported the solvent cage hypothesis that bioluminescent proteins originally evolved as primitive oxygenase enzymes.

The aim of the research. To identify genes involved in V. inaequalis induced resistance response in Malus sp. and to develop apple hybrids with pyramidic resistance. Specific aims: 1. To characterize the genetic diversity and resistance to apple scab in the collection of apple genetic resources; 2. To develop apple hybrids of pyramidic resistance for apple breeding; 3. To characterize apple nuclear proteome and to perform a comparative genomic analysis of V. inaequalis induced Malus response; 4. To identify apple resistance genes involved in response to apple scab and to develop functional markers.
Tyrimų tikslas: identifikuoti V. inaequalis indukuojamo Malus sp. apsauginio atsako reikšmingus genus ir sukurti piramidinio atsparumo rauplėgrybiui donorus obels selekcijai. Tyrimų uždaviniai: 1. Charakterizuoti obels genetinių išteklių įvairovę bei nustatyti jų atsparumą rauplėgrybiui; 2. Sukurti ir atrinkti superjautrumo atsaku pagrįsto piramidinio atsparumo donorus obels selekcijai; 3. Charakterizuoti naminės obels ląstelės branduolio proteomą ir atlikti V. inaequalis indukuojamo atsako lyginamosios genomikos analizę; 4. Identifikuoti obels atsparumo rauplėgrybiui reikšmingus genus ir sukurti obels atsparumo ligoms funkcinius žymeklius.

Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autor
Se centra en el estudio de las figuras talladas en la escultura lítica, denominada Obelisco Tello, encontrada en el sitio Chavín de Huántar. El objetivo principal es establecer una metodología de análisis a las figuras que permita identificar sus propias lógicas de organización. Es una propuesta de análisis de las figuras talladas en el Obelisco Tello a través del estudio de la línea esculpida en el monolito porque, además de contornear la forma de una figura o en una composición de figuras, es un elemento de significación que se expresa a través del empleo de una línea simple que modela ciertas partes del cuerpo o algún otro elemento y, además se esculpe otras partes del cuerpo, con una línea simple en ida y vuelta pero manteniendo una misma por lo que parecen ser paralelas o convergentes. Hay un empleo diferenciado de las mismas porque las líneas equidistantes se ubican en partes del cuerpo que son intermedios entre dos subsistemas como boca, ojos, nariz que separa un espacio interior y exterior o en las muñecas que separa el espacio mano del antebrazo.
Tesis

El presente es un trabajo de investigación científica presenl'ldo como tesis ;Jara optar el título profesional de Licenciado en arqueología, tiene como objetivo principal presentar una propuesta interpretativa del Obelisco Tello de la cultura Chavín, de manera secundaria pretende crear una metodología para analizar signos gráficos arqueológicos, y demostrar la existencia de una gramática en estos signos.
Tesis

Dès le début de leur histoire, les Égyptiens ont réussi à maîtriser l'extraction et la taille du granite dans les carrières d'Assouan. Cette roche, réputée pour sa dureté, est particulièrement appréciée au Nouvel Empire où son exploitation prend une importance sans précédent. Les temples de Karnak, lieux de cultes majeurs à cette époque, constituent à ce titre les sites d'érection privilégiés de ces monuments en granite, à l'image des quinze obélisques qui furent, pendant un temps, dressés dans l'enceinte d'Amon. L'utilisation de ce matériau ne se limite cependant pas à ces monolithes ; il a également été employé pour de nombreux éléments d'architecture, de statuaire et de mobilier de culte.S'inscrivant dans une démarche pluridisciplinaire comprenant une approche égyptologique, géologique et technique, cet ouvrage propose une étude sur ces réalisations à travers le prisme du site de Karnak, suffisamment riche pour être, dans une certaine mesure, représentatif de l'utilisation générale du granite dans les temples de l'Égypte ancienne
From the beginning of their history, the Egyptians have acquired an expert knowledge of granite quarrying and cutting in Aswan region. This stone, whose hardness made it famous, has been particularly used during the New Kingdom, when it got an unprecedented importance. The Karnak temples, as major cult spots at that time, have been a privileged site for the erection of monuments made from granite, as reflected by the fifteen obelisks which stood in the Amon enclosure for centuries. Its usage has not been limited to these large monolith pieces ; it has also been shaped in a tremendous amount of architectural elements, statues and objects for worship.Following an interdisciplinary approach combining an egyptological, a geological and a technical study, this work presents an investigation of granite monuments through the prism of the Karnak temples, whose history spreads far enough to be representative, in some way, of the general use of granite in ancient Egypt temples

Magistrantūros studijų baigiamajame darbe pateikiami internetinės prognozavimo „iMETOS®sm“ sistema atlikti bakterinės degligės rizikos faktorių analizė bei prognozavimo galimybes Lietuvos versliniuose soduose Darbo objektas –. obelys (Malus); ligos sukėlėja - bakterinė degligė (Erwinia amylovora Burr.). Darbo metodai: tiriamas meteorologinės stotelės Pessl Instruments „iMETOS®sm“ Erwinia amylovora Burr. infekcijos rizikos prognozavimo modelio pritaikymas Lietuvos versliniuose soduose. Darbo rezultatai. 2011 m. Lietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centro filialo Sodininkystės ir daržininkystės institute atlikti tyrimai prognuozuojant bakterinės degligės (Erwinia amylovora Burr.) pasireiškimo galimybes Lietuvos versliniuose soduose taikant internetinę „iMETOS®sm‘‘prognozavimo sistemą. Bakterinės degligės prognozavimo modelis numato skirtingus ligos pasireiškimo fonus (PETΣ): 1) paskutinius du sezonus degligės nebuvo; 2) paskutinius du sezonus degligė pasireiškė atskirose vietose; 3) praeitą sezoną degligė pasireiškė atskirose vietose; 4) bakterinė degligė aptikta šalia sodo; 5) netoliese dabar aktyvios degligės žaizdos. Visuose stebėtuose ūkiuose per 2011 m. vegetacijos periodą bakterinės degligės prognozavimo modelis apskaičiavo iš viso 310 dienų, kai bakterinės degligės infekcijos rizikos indeksas DIV rodė didžiausią E. amylovora pasireiškimo galimybę pagal PETΣ. Stebėtuose obelų soduose, kai paskutinius du sezonus degligės sode nebuvo, nustatyta, kad didžiausia patogeno... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Master’s thesis submitted to the online prediction "sand'' iMETOS ® forecasting system to perform fire blight risk factor analysis and the predictive ability of Lithuanian business orchards. Object of the work- apple (Malus) to cause disease - a fire blight (Erwinia amylovora Burr.). Method of the work: working methods studied meteorological station Pessl Instruments iMETOS ® sm 'Erwinia amylovora Burr. infection risk prediction model for Lithuanian business orchards. The results of work. In 2011. Lithuanian Institute of Agrarian and Forest Sciences Centre branch of the Institute of Horticulture forecasting studies of fire blight (Erwinia amylovora Burr.) The possibility of a Lithuanian business orchards using an online "sand'' iMETOS ® forecasting system. Fire blight forecasting model for the different disease backgrounds (PETΣ): 1) the last two seasons were not fire blight, 2) the last two seasons fire blight occurred in different places, and 3) last season fire blight occurred in different places, 4) fire blight found near the orchards, 5) nearby is now active fire blight wounds. All the observed farms in 2011. fire blight vegetation period forecasting model documented a total of 310 days after infection, fire blight DIV risk index showed the highest E amylovora by PETΣ to occur. Apple orchards in all observed the last two seasons did not fire blight the garden, it was found that the greatest manifestation of the pathogen by orchards PETΣ option was: „Luksnėnų sodai” UAB... [to full text]

2008 – 2009 metais LAMMC SDI obelų pomologiniame sode atlikti introdukuotų obelų veislių su B. 396 poskiepiu tyrimai, tikslu – ištirti biologines ir ūkines savybes. Tyrimų metu nustatyta vaismedžių žydėjimo tarpsniai (žydėjimo pradžia, masinio žydėjimo pradžia ir pabaiga, žydėjimo pabaiga); vaismedžių augumas (medžio aukštis, vainiko skersmuo, kamieno skersmuo, vainiko projekcijos plotas); vaismedžių derlius, vaisių paskirstymas į klases pagal skersmenį, vaisių skynimo laikas, laikymosi pabaiga, vaisiaus masė, kokybė (išvaizda, patrauklumas, bendra kokybė balais), cheminė sudėtis (tirpios sausosios medžiagos, sausosios medžiagos, titruojamasis rūgštingumas), sulčių išeiga, odelės ir minkštimo tvirtumas. Įvertinus tirtų požymių visumą, nustatyta, kad Lietuvos sąlygomis geriausios kokybės vaisius su B.396 poskiepiu išaugina veislės ‘Aldas’, ‘Vanda’, ‘Rosana’ ir ‘Rubinola’ vaismedžiai. Darbo apimtis: puslapiai 39, lentelės 6, paveikslų 12, naudotos literatūros šaltiniai.
The research was carried out at the Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry in 2008–2009. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological and economical characteristics of the introduced apple cultivars on B.396 rootstock. The following characters of apple trees were established: blooming periods (opening of the first blossoms, beginning/end of the full bloom, the end of blooming), vigour of the trees (height, diameter of a crown, diameter of a trunk, area of a crown projection); apple yield, distribution of fruits to classes according to diameter, harvesting time, storage life, fruit size, quality (appearance, taste, general quality evaluation) and chemical composition (soluble solids, dry matter, titratable acidity), juice output, substance of skin and flesh. ‘Aldas’, ‘Vanda’, ‘Rosana’ and ‘Rubinola’ according biological and economical characteristics is the best among other investigated cultivars on B.396 rootstock in Lithuanian climatic conditions. Work size: pages 39, tables 6, pictures 12, references 44.

La communication cellulaire est un phénomène important pour le maintien de l’homéostasie des cellules. Au court des dernières années, cette sphère de recherche sur la signalisation cellulaire a connue des avancées importantes au niveau de l’identification des acteurs principaux impliqués dans la reconnaissance extracellulaire des signaux, ainsi que la compréhension des voies de signalisation engagées par les cellules pour répondre aux facteurs extracellulaires. Malgré ces nouvelles informations, les diverses interrelations moléculaires entre les acteurs ainsi que les voies de signalisation cellulaire, demeurent mal comprises. Le transfert d’énergie de résonance de bioluminescence (BRET) permet la mesure d’interactions protéiques et peut être utilisé dans deux configurations, le BRET480-YFP (connu aussi comme le BRET1) et le BRET400-GFP (connu aussi en tant que BRET2). Suite à l’oxydation de son substrat, la luciférase de renilla peut transférer son énergie à une protéine fluorescente, uniquement si elles sont à proximité l’une de l’autre (≤100Å). La combinaison dans un seul essai des BRET480-YFP et BRET400-GFP, a permis de suivre trois paires d’interactions, sur une même population cellulaire. Par contre, l’utilisation de deux substrats pour la réaction de bioluminescence rend impossible la mesure simultanée des différents signaux de BRET, pour ce trois nouvelles configurations de BRET ont été mises au point en utilisant des nouvelles protéines fluorescentes. Ainsi deux des nouvelles couleurs de BRET ayant des émissions résolues, le BRET400-BFP et le BRET400mAmetrine ont pu être combinées pour mesurer l’engagement par un RCPG d’une protéine G, ainsi que l’accumulation du second messager. La combinaison de ces BRET a également permis de révéler la formation d’un complexe entre le récepteur α2A adrénergique (α2AAR), Gαi1, le dimère Gβγ ainsi que la kinase des récepteurs couplés aux protéines G (GRK2), suite à l’activation du récepteur. De plus, seule l’entrée de GRK2 semble être en mesure de causer la désensibilisation du α2AAR, en s’intercalant entre Gαi1 et Gβγ. Par contre, la stabilisation de l’interaction entre α2AAR et la β-arrestine2 semble nécessiter l’activité kinase de GRK2. Une autre étude a révélé l’importance de différentes Gα pour la mobilisation du calcium, suite à l’activation du récepteur aux opioïdes de type delta (DOR). Suite à la surexpression de Gα de la famille Gαq, il a été possible de mesurer une influence de ces Gα sur la mobilisation du calcium. Toutefois, cette réponse calcique mesurée en présence des Gαq demeure sensible aux prétraitements à la toxine de Bordetella pertussis, qui inhibe sélectivement l’activité des Gαi. De plus, la co-expression de Gαi et Gαq permet de potentialiser la mobilisation de calcium, démontrant une interrelation entre ces deux familles de protéine Gα, pour la signalisation du DOR. Afin de démontrer l’interrelation directe, des expériences de BRET ont été réalisées entre différentes Gα. En plus de montrer la formation de complexes sélectifs entre les Gα, les expériences de BRET réalisées en parallèle d’analyses de séquences de Gα, ont également mis à jour un site de sélectivité d’interaction entre les Gα, l’hélice α4. Suite à la transposition de cette hélice α4 de Gα12 sur Gαi1, qui normalement n’interagissent pas, il a été possible de forcer l’interaction entre Gα12 et Gαi1, confirmant ainsi que cette hélice α contient l’information permettant une sélectivité d’interaction. Au cours de cette thèse, il a été possible de générer de nouvelles méthodes de mesure d’interactions protéiques qui permettent de multiplexer différents signaux, ce qui a permis de mettre à jour de nouvelles interactions entre divers effecteurs de la signalisation de RCGP
Cellular communication is an important phenomenon for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Recently, important progress has been made in the cell signalling research field concerning the identification of the major actors and the cellular pathways engaged in response to these extracellular factors. However, in spite of this new information, the interrelationships at the molecular level between the various cellular actors and the different signalling pathways remain badly understood. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) monitors interactions between proteins and can be used in two configurations, the BRET480-YFP (also known as BRET1) and the BRET400-GFP (also known as BRET2). Following oxidation of its substrate, renilla luciferase transfers its energy to a fluorescent protein, only if they are in close proximity (≤100Å). By combining the BRET480-YFP and BRET400-GFP in one assay, it is possible to follow three pair-wise interactions in the same cellular population. However, using two bioluminescence reaction substrates limits the possibility of measuring the different BRET signals simultaneously. In order to measure multiple BRET signals simultaneously, three new BRET configurations, based on the BRET400-GFP, were developed using fluorescent proteins with different emission wavelengths. Two of the new BRET colors which have resolved emission wavelengths, the BRET400-BFP and BRET400mAmetrine, were combined for measuring the heterotrimeric G protein engagement by the vasopressin V2 receptor, as well as the accumulation of the second messenger. Combining these new BRET techniques reveals for the first time the formation of a complex between the α2A adrenergic receptor (α2AAR), Gαi1, the Gβγ dimer and G protein-receptor kinase (GRK2) following receptor activation. Moreover, only the entry of GRK2 into the receptor complex is required for the α2AAR desensitization, by inserting between Gαi1 and Gβγ. On the other hand, the stabilization of the interaction between α2AAR and β-arrestin2 requires the kinase activity of GRK2. Another study revealed the importance of multiple Gα subunits for calcium mobilization induced upon activation of the delta opioid receptor (DOR). Gαq subfamily member overexpression altered the DOR-induced calcium mobilization, but this Gαq calcium mobilization remained sensitive to pre-treatement pertussis toxin, through selective inhibition of the activity of Gαi members. Moreover, Gαi and Gαq co-expression potentiated calcium mobilization, suggesting an interrelationship between these two Gα families in DOR signaling. This Gαi and Gαq interrelationship could result from the formation of a complex close to the receptor. In order to test this hypothesis, BRET experiments were performed, with the aim of measuring the presence of complexes between different Gα. In addition to demonstrating complex formation between Gα subunits, the BRET experiments in parallel with sequence analysis, also revealed a selective interaction site between the Gα, the α4 helix. By swapping the a4 helix of Gαi with the α4 helix of Gα12, which doesn’t normally interact with Gα12, it was possible to force the interaction between Gα12 and Gαi to confirm that this α helix contains information concerning the selectivity of interactions between Gα subunits. During this thesis, new methods were to detect protein interactions and multiplexing these methods allowed the detection of novel interactions between signalling effectors of GPCRs.