Academic literature on the topic 'Obese pregnant women'
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Journal articles on the topic "Obese pregnant women"
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Djozic, Isidora, Edita Stokic, and Jelena Nikolic. "Nutritional status of pregnant women - effects on the course and pregnancy outcome." Medical review 74, no. 1-2 (2021): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns2102015d.
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Introduction. In recent decades, obesity has taken on epidemic proportions and is becoming one of the most significant public health problems today. The results of clinical and epidemiological studies show that obese pregnant women can be considered a high risk group, given the increased risk of maternal and fetal complications. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between pregnant women?s nutritional status and the development of arterial hypertension, gestational diabetes and obstetric cholestasis during pregnancy, as well as the impact of pregnant women?s nutritional status on newborn birth weight and vital parameters at birth, assessed by Apgar score. Material and Methods. This retrospective study included 71 pregnant women who were divided into two groups, depending on the nutritional status. The first group included 28 pregnant women with a body mass index < 25 kg/m? or less, whereas the second group included obese pregnant women with a body mass index > 30 kg/m? or more. Birth protocol data were used for the newborns. Results. In obese pregnant women, the termination of pregnancy by cesarean section was statistically significant more frequent (p < 0.05). Newborns of obese mothers had a statistically lower Apgar score at 5 minutes, while higher body weight of newborns and a lower Apgar score at 1 minute were at the limit of statistical significance (p = 0.068). Arterial hypertension was more common in obese pregnant women (p = 0.014), while gestational diabetes (p = 0.42) and obstetric cholestasis (p = 0.51) were more common in obese pregnant women, but without statistical significance. Conclusion. Obesity in pregnancy is a risk factor for the development of hypertension, a higher incidence of cesarean section, and a lower Apgar score of newborns.
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Jackson, Suzi. "Interventions for obese pregnant women." Reproductive Toxicology 80 (September 2018): 138–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.07.022.
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Morin, Karen H., and Lyn Reilly. "Caring for Obese Pregnant Women." Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 36, no. 5 (September 2007): 482–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.2007.00182.x.
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Dennis, A. T., J. M. Castro, M. Ong, and C. Carr. "Haemodynamics in obese pregnant women." International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia 21, no. 2 (April 2012): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijoa.2011.11.007.
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Dennis, A. T., J. M. Castro, M. Ong, and C. Carr. "Hemodynamics in Obese Pregnant Women." Obstetric Anesthesia Digest 33, no. 2 (June 2013): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aoa.0000429134.95703.c3.
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Orr, Katrine, and Patrick Chien. "Sepsis in obese pregnant women." Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 29, no. 3 (April 2015): 377–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2014.10.007.
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Tyshko, Kateryna, and Olena Gnatko. "CHARACTERISTICS OF LABOUR PROGRESSION IN PREGNANT OBESE WOMEN." Ukrainian Scientific Medical Youth Journal 115, no. 1 (August 26, 2020): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32345/usmyj.1(115).2020.9-17.
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Obesity of pregnant women is a current global problem. The urgency is determined by numerous complications in obese pregnant women, which can affect the labour course, the maternal and foetal condition, require surgical delivery, and involve postpartum complications. The purpose was to study the characteristics of labour in obese pregnant women. The study methods included retrospective analysis of labour in 100 pregnant women with obesity, which were divided into 3 subgroups, depending on the obesity class (I, II, III), determined by BMI at the time of pregnancy registration. Labours of 100 pregnant women without obesity were used as the reference group. According to the medical records, the analysis included the estimation of gestational age (full-term, with tendency to post-term, early) and labour term (term, pre-term, late) and the cervical maturity according to Bishop Score (mature, under-mature, immature), the nature of the labour onset (spontaneous, induced) and their course (physiological, pathological). Statistical analysis of the results was carried out in EZR v.1.35 (R statistical software version 3.4.3, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) (Kanda, 2013).
Results. Comparative evaluation of the results of labour in women of Groups 1 and 2 showed that term labour accounts for the vast majority in both groups (80.0% in Group 1 and 91.0% in Group 2, respectively). The incidence of preterm and post-term labour is higher in obese women: pre-term labour by 1.7 times and late labour by 4 times. In pregnant women with obesity, early gestational age (˂ 37 weeks) was observed in 12.0% versus 7.0% among women in Group 2. In patients of Group 1, full-term pregnancy was reported in 56.0%, with a tendency to post-term labour - in 24.0%, while in pregnant women of Group 2, full-term pregnancies were observed in 85.0% of women, and with a tendency to post-term delivery - in 6.0%. Among patients with full-term pregnancy, "mature" cervix was observed in a large percentage of women both in Group 1 (70.0%) and Group 2 (94.0%) with predominance among pregnant women without obesity. Analysis of the results of the cervical maturity in the subgroups according to the obesity class showed that 68.4% of pregnant women with obesity class I and II at admission had "mature" cervix, the difference from the control Group was statistically significant, p<0.05. In patients with obesity class III compared with Group 2, "immature" or "under-mature" cervix was more common, 25% and 6%, respectively (p<0.001), which required the preparation (maturation) of the cervix with subsequent labour induction.
In general, women in Group 1 with term pregnancy had spontaneous onset of labour in 56.0%, versus 86.0% in patients of Group 2, and induced onset of labour in 10.0% versus 4.0% in pregnant women in Group 2. Among pregnant women with a tendency to post-term delivery, the onset of labour was spontaneous in 15.0% versus 3.0% in patients in Group 2 and induced in 6.0% versus 2.0% in pregnant women in Group 2. Surgical delivery more often occurred in pregnant women with obesity (33.0%) compared with pregnant women without obesity (10.0%) In general, physiological labour occurred in women of Group 1 in 77.0%, and pathological labour in 33.0%. In Group 2, physiological labour was observed in 90.0%, pathological labour in 10.0%, respectively.
Conclusion. Labour in obese women has certain specific patterns, which depend on changes in the labour structure, in gestational age, the degree of the cervical maturity, the need for pre-induction and induction of labour. The identified changes depend on the obesity class and require timely evaluation and prediction for optimal management.
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Tagieva, F. A. "Characteristics of anthropometric indicators and eating behavior of pregnant women with obesity." Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) 98, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/0023-2149-2020-98-2-149-152.
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The paper presents the characteristics of anthropometric indicators and assessment of eating behavior of pregnant women with obesity. 213 pregnant women with abdominal obesity diagnosed before pregnancy (main group) were monitored. The control group consisted of 80 women who had a normal body mass index before pregnancy. When analyzing the differences in anthropometric indicators between the studied groups of pregnant women, statistically significant differences in the parameters of weight, BMI, OT/O ratio were revealed. The average BMI in pregnant women of the main group was 39,5 ± 0,57 kg/m2, which was 1,6 times higher than in women of the control group. In pregnant women with obesity, the ratio of OT/OB corresponded to 0,90 ± 0,004, which significantly exceeded the value of this indicator in women of the control group. Weight gain after the first pregnancy was indicated by 80 (37,5%) women of the main and 38 (47,5%) — control group. Evaluation of the eating behavior of obese patients showed that the nature of nutrition in almost half (48,0%) of obese women was irrational and excessive (3,8% in the control group), and 12,8% of patients abused various tonic drinks. Obese women are undoubtedly at high risk for developing complications during pregnancy.
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Fazzi, Caterina, Fiona C. Denison, David H. Saunders, Jane E. Norman, and Rebecca M. Reynolds. "Options in Pregnancy to Increase ActiveLy Sitting (OPALS) Feasibility Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (May 26, 2021): 5673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115673.
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Background. A negative association between obesity and pregnancy outcomes has been described, as well as between time sedentary and pregnancy outcomes. Most interventions based on physical activity involving obese pregnant women have failed in improving pregnancy outcomes. Exchanging time spent in sedentary activities with time spent in light-intensity activities, performed in a home-based setting, might help morbidly obese pregnant women. We aimed to assess the feasibility of an exercise intervention. Methods. An exercise intervention for morbidly obese pregnant women was designed involving morbidly obese pregnant women. Pregnant women with BMI ≥ 40 kg/m² with 20 or less weeks of gestation were invited to take part in the OPALS Feasibility Study. A home-based approach was employed. Participants were asked to perform the intervention for at least 12 weeks, and to register their performance in an activity diary. After the intervention, participants were asked to return the activity diary and answer a feasibility questionnaire. Results. In the intervention, 28 participants took part. Six women completed the intervention for 12 weeks or more. All declared they intended to keep on doing the intervention. All women reported that the exercises made them feel better. Conclusion. Empowering, and involving morbidly obese pregnant women in taking care of themselves and giving them realistic tasks to do on their own and around their environment helps to increase commitment, as does avoiding the effect of their own weight whilst exercising. A 20% of compliance was observed in this study, which might be explained by the difficulties that pregnancy and excess weight mean. Thus, for future studies, we suggest adding a supervision plan to increase that number.
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Makarova, E. L., and N. A. Terekhina. "Influence of pregnancy on iron and copper exchange rates in women with normal body weight and women with obesity." Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics 66, no. 4 (April 17, 2021): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.51620/0869-2084-2021-66-4-205-209.
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The number of obese pregnant women increases annually and reaches 20-30%. The metabolism of hormones and minerals changes in the presence of a large amount of adipose tissue in the body of a pregnant woman, which leads to a number of obstetric and perinatal problems. The aim of the work is to study and compare the influence of the gestational process on the indicators of iron and copper metabolism in the blood serum of women with normal body weight and women with obesity. In the blood serum of 125 women of reproductive age, the content of hemoglobin, iron, transferrin, ferritin, copper and ceruloplasmin was determined. The influence of pregnancy on the indicators of iron and copper metabolism in the blood serum of women was revealed. Pregnancy in women with normal body weight increases the content of transferrin and ceruloplasmin. Correlation of ceruloplasmin and ferritin content with body mass index of obese pregnant women was revealed. In pregnancy with concomitant obesity, hyperferritinemia is formed with a reduced content of hemoglobin and serum iron. Knowledge of the indicators of iron and copper metabolism is necessary to optimize the observation of pregnant women, effective prevention and prediction of obstetric and perinatal complications.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Obese pregnant women"
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Fazzi, Gómez Caterina Joanna. "Sedentary behaviour in morbidly obese pregnant women." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33188.
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Introduction: Obesity during pregnancy is linked to many negative health effects for mothers and offspring. The majority of interventions with obese pregnant women based on physical activity have had limited success suggesting alternative approaches are needed. Sedentary behaviour is defined as waking activities that expend very low energy, 1.5 metabolic equivalents or below, while reclining, lying or sitting. Spending too much time sedentary has been identified as a risk factor for health, regardless of physical activity levels. We hypothesised that targeting sedentary behaviour may be a suitable alternative to reduce health risks during gestation among pregnant women who are morbidly obese (defined as body mass index, BMI > 40 Kg/m²). Aim and objectives: The aim was to explore sedentary behaviour among obese pregnant women and to propose an intervention to reduce the time obese pregnant women spend sedentary, through an active sitting exercise intervention. To conduct a systematic review of the literature to determine the proportion of time spent in sedentary behaviour among pregnant women, and the association of sedentary behaviour with pregnancy outcomes in mothers and offspring. To estimate total energy expenditure, and energy expended in sedentary activities in morbidly obese and lean pregnant women. To assess the feasibility of an active sitting exercise intervention for morbidly obese pregnant women, designed using a patient involvement in research method. Systematic Review: A systematic review of the literature reporting sedentary behaviour during pregnancy and its effects on pregnancy outcomes was conducted. Twenty six publications were included in the systematic review up until October 2015, and a further 18 were identified in the update completed in April 2018. Pregnant women spent at least 50% of their time in sedentary activities. Associations between increased time sedentary and higher risk of macrosomia, higher risk of pre-eclampsia, higher risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus, and larger new-born abdominal circumference were observed, as the main findings. Most of included studies scored an intermediate quality, only two of the 44 studies scored a good quality. Cross-sectional study. A cross-sectional study was conducted, using the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ), and the Actical accelerometer, to assess energy expenditure, and energy expended in sedentary behaviour. Based on the PPAQ, women who were morbidly obese expended significantly more energy per day, as total expenditure, than lean pregnant women, which was confirmed by the Actical. During sedentary behaviour lean pregnant women expended significantly less energy than morbidly obese pregnant women, based on the PPAQ. No differences were observed between lean and morbidly obese pregnant women in the proportion of time spent in sedentary activities, nor in time sedentary. Exercise Intervention Design A patient involvement in research approach was used to design an active sitting exercise intervention for morbidly obese pregnant women. Twenty three women took part in the design of the intervention, enabling design of a final protocol including six exercises, to be performed in two sets of 10 repetitions. Active sitting exercise intervention An intervention based on active sitting exercises for morbidly obese pregnant women to reduce sedentary time was conducted to assess the feasibility. Thirty morbidly obese pregnant women were recruited of whom 20% completed the exercise intervention. The main reason not to complete the intervention was lack of time. Conclusion: A better understanding of sedentary behaviour is needed for the design of effective interventions to help to reduce the adverse effects of morbid obesity on pregnancy, especially as prevalence is growing. More time spent in light intensity activities rather than in sedentary behaviour may play a role as contributing to reduce those risks associated with obesity during pregnancy, and to reduce time spent sedentary. Participants have shown real interest in helping to design an effective exercise intervention. Involving and empowering participants in how to take care of themselves as part of the intervention helps to increase their commitment. Giving participants the tools to take care of their own health and their babies' should be considered as part of the intervention with very obese pregnant women. Providing the information in how and why exercise might help, and basing the intervention in giving participants easy and realistic tasks that they could do on their own and around their own environment, will help to increase their commitment. This appears to be a feasible and effective strategy.
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McParlin, Catherine. "Physical activity behaviour in overweight and obese pregnant women." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2996.
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Background: Increasing physical activity (PA) may help to reduce the risk of obesity related pregnancy complications. However little is known about the amount, type and intensity of PA obese pregnant women engage in, or the most appropriate measurement method. Previous research suggests that obese pregnant women receive limited advice concerning PA from midwives. Objectives: To investigate the amount of PA carried out by this population and how this changes during pregnancy, to compare measurement methods, and to describe the knowledge, attitudes and practice of midwives surrounding PA. Methods: 1. 130 pregnant women, BMI≥25kg/m2, consented to PA measurement at 2 or 3 time points using the Actigraph accelerometer and Recent Physical Activity Questionnaire. 2. Questionnaires were designed and distributed to midwives within 3 NHS Trusts on Tyneside (n=365) with the aim of identifying barriers to discussing and advising PA with obese pregnant women. The design used the Theoretical Domains Framework approach which uses behavioural determinants to investigate implementation difficulties. Results: 1. At 12-16 weeks gestation over half of the participants achieved 30 minutes of moderate or vigorous PA, decreasing by 36 weeks to 24%. Women who were more active at baseline decreased their PA during pregnancy; those who were less active remained so. Self-reported PA also fell but did not correlate with objectively measured PA. 2. Midwives scored highest on knowledge and social-professional role and lowest on skills, capabilities and environment/context/resources domains. Regression analysis indicated that skills and memory/attention/decision domains had a significant influence on discussing PA. Conclusion: Research is needed to find methods to encourage obese women to increase and maintain PA levels before and during pregnancy, and to find the most appropriate PA measurement methods. Midwives feel knowledgeable and believe giving PA advice to be part of their role, but lack skills, capabilities and resources. Strategies to remove such barriers are needed.
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Claesson, Ing-Marie. "Weight gain restriction for obese pregnant women : An Intervention study." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Obstetrik och gynekologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-56390.
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Introduction: Obesity is a growing global public health problem and is as prevalent among pregnant women as in the general population. It is well known that obese women have an increased risk for several complications during pregnancy and delivery and this is also true for the neonate. Excessive gestational weight gain among obese women seems to further increase these risks for adverse outcomes. It has not been known up to the time of this study whether a behavioral intervention program designed for obese pregnant women could result in a reduction of gestational weight gain. Aim: The overall aim of the present thesis was to study the effect of an intervention program designed to control weight gain among obese pregnant women during pregnancy and to then observe the outcomes of their pregnancies. In addition we wanted to learn if this behavioral intervention program could result in a weight gain of less than seven kilograms. Material and methods: The intervention group consisted of 155 obese (BMI >30 kg/m2) pregnant women at the antenatal care clinic (ANC) in Linköping; the control group consisted of 193 obese pregnant women in two other cities. The women in the intervention group were offered, in addition to regular care at the ANC, motivational interviewing in weekly visits to support them in making this behavioral change. They were also offered aqua aerobic class once or twice a week. The women in the control group attended the routine antenatal program in their respective ANCs. Outcome measures were: weight in kg, pregnancy-, delivery and neonatal outcomes, prevalence of anxiety- and depressive symptoms and attitudes and experiences of participating in an intervention program. Results: The women in the intervention group had a significantly lower gestational weight gain and also had a lower postnatal weight than the women in the control group. The percentage of women in the intervention group who gained <7 kg was greater than the percentage in the control group. There were no differences between the two groups in pregnancy-, delivery- and neonatal outcomes. In addition, there was no difference in prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depressions between the intervention- and control group and the gestational weight gain did not have any effect on symptoms of depression or anxiety. The women in the intervention group with gestational weight gain <7 kg, weighed less at the two years follow-up than the women in the control group. Most of the women who participated in the intervention program expressed positive attitudes and were positive towards their experiences with the intervention program and their efforts to manage the gestational weight gain. Conclusion: The intervention program was effective in controlling weight gain during pregnan-cy and did not change the pregnancy, delivery or neonatal outcomes or the prevalence of anxie-ty- and depressive symptoms. The group with a gestational weight gain <7 kg showed the same distribution of complications as the group with a higher weight gain. The intervention program seems to influence the development of weight in a positive direction up to two years after childbirth. The women were also satisfied with their participation in the intervention program.
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Barr, Sarah Marie. "Origins and consequences of altered metabolic processes in obese pregnant women." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8827.
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Maternal obesity is an increasing concern in the obstetric population. It confers increased morbidity and mortality to the mother and offspring during pregnancy and delivery as well as potential long-term increase in risk of ill health to the offspring. There are currently few effective interventions and no pharmacological therapies. Potential mechanisms to account for ill health in obese non-pregnant individuals include excess inflammation, both systemically and within specific tissues such as adipose, as well as alterations in metabolic regulation including hyperglycaemia, reduced sensitivity to insulin and altered adipokine expression. In healthy pregnancy, there are significant adaptations to maternal metabolism, including the development of profound systemic insulin resistance. We hypothesize that there exists an interaction between the metabolic adaptations of pregnancy and those occurring in obesity which could provide a physiologically plausible mechanism which could contribute to the pathogenesis of adverse outcomes associated with obese pregnancies. In this thesis, we sought to understand and define the metabolic adaptations to pregnancy in severely obese women. Anthropometric characteristics are described in a longitudinal case-control study of apparently healthy obese (BMI > 40kg/m2) pregnant women. Systemic adipokine and pro- inflammatory cytokine profiles were measuring using ELISA. Indices of insulin sensitivity were assessed at three time points in pregnancy. In a cohort study of healthy pregnant women in the third trimester, transcript levels of adipokines and inflammatory cytokines in paired subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue biopsies were quantified and correlated these transcript levels with booking body mass index (BMI). Obese pregnant women gained less weight in pregnancy compared to lean women, but had significantly elevated fasting third trimester glucose, as well as elevated blood pressure and fasting insulin resistance throughout pregnancy. Fasting leptin was elevated throughout pregnancy in obese compared with lean pregnancy women; however, in the third trimester there was no correlation between adipose tissue leptin mRNA levels and BMI. Transcript levels of IL-6 were positively correlated with BMI in subcutaneous but not omental adipose tissue; no other positive correlations with BMI were shown. Hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamps with concomitant use of stable isotope tracers were carried out in a case-control study of healthy obese pregnant women to characterise in detail whole body insulin sensitivity, endogenous glucose production and rate of lipolysis. In contrast to the original hypothesis, by the third trimester, there were few differences between lean and obese pregnant women in whole body glucose disposal (WGD) and endogenous glucose production. Compared with non-pregnant women, lean pregnant women demonstrated approximately 60% decrement in WGD; in contrast, obese non-pregnant women were already significantly insulin resistant but did not develop further insulin resistance in response to pregnancy. 3-Tesla (3T) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and 1H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-MRS)was used to assess abdominal fat distribution, hepatic and skeletal muscle lipid content in a case-control study of healthy pregnant women in the third trimester. As expected, obese pregnant women have greater adipose accumulation in both subcutaneous and intra-abdominal adipose depots and greater lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle. However, hepatic lipid content was low in both groups and there were no significant differences between lean and obese pregnant women. This was not expected as both groups are profoundly insulin resistant at this at this gestation, and in non-pregnant individuals, insulin resistance at this level would be expected to drive hepatic lipid accumulation, and may point to a pregnancyspecific hepato-protective mechanism. In conclusion, in this thesis, it has been shown that while obese women are insulin resistant with an adverse metabolic profile, that there does not appear to be the expected worsening of this profile in response to pregnancy and that by the end of pregnancy, lean women have a similar phenotype. Instead, while lean women are exposed to this environment only towards the end of pregnancy, obese women and their offspring are exposed throughout gestation, including key periods of fetal development in early pregnancy. This prolonged exposure may account for the excess pathologies in such pregnancies, potentially by exhausting what physiological reserve such women have pre-pregnancy. Potential therapies must therefore be optimally timed to improve the metabolic profile of obese women in early pregnancy, without hindering the required adaptations of the third trimester.
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Gerardo, Rodrigo. "Docosahexaenoic acid status and blood lipids in overweight/obese pregnant women." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1368024685.
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Gardner, Alison. "Association of Maternal Adipokines with Infant Anthropometry in Obese, Pregnant Women." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1307125407.
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Maitland, Rahat Ashraf. "Mechanisms of insulin resistance in obese pregnant women : potential therapeutic interventions." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2016. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/mechanisms-of-insulin-resistance-in-obese-pregnant-women(49f27722-d2ee-46d5-bd3a-4068f17c062b).html.
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Maternal obesity is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, especially the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), with associated risks for mother and infant. Improved understanding of glucose intolerance in obese women and better prediction and prevention of GDM is key to improving the health of mother and her child. This thesis reports two related projects. The first explored mechanisms of insulin resistance and prediction of GDM in obese pregnant women participating in the pilot study for the UK Pregnancies Better Eating and Activity Trial (UPBEAT), a lifestyle intervention RCT. The second investigated the potential of a dietary intervention to improve glycaemic profiles in this high-risk group. Following an 8 week dietary and physical activity intervention, a panel of biomarkers associated with obesity and insulin resistance were measured in 117 women in the pilot trial. At 27+0-28+6 weeks’ no difference was observed between the intervention and control arms but at 34+0-35+6 weeks’, significant reductions in plasma visfatin, cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were observed. Analysis by GDM status, confirmed greater concentrations of fructosamine, AST and insulin and lower plasma leptin and adiponectin in women who developed GDM. An algorithm based on clinical factors alone (age, parity, ethnicity and blood pressure at 15+0-18+6 weeks’ gestation) showed predictive potential which increased significantly with the addition of plasma adiponectin measured at 15+0-18+6 weeks. In obese pregnant women without GDM (n=16,) the effect of a slow-digesting low glycaemic index (SD-LGI) supplement drink was evaluated at 24+0-28+6 weeks’ gestation. Linear regression analysis with mixed modelling (LMM) showed a significant reduction in glycaemia over the 24 hour period following consumption of the test compared to the control supplement and habitual diet. Fasting and nocturnal glucose concentrations were also significantly improved. In summary biomarkers associated with insulin resistance were identified as potential targets for lifestyle interventions aimed at reducing GDM in obese women. A prediction model for GDM identified those at greatest risk and pending validation in the UPBEAT RCT may have the potential for translation into clinical care. Extending the role of interventions further, multiple improvements in parameters of glycaemic control were demonstrated using a SD-LGI nutritional supplement.
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Morgan, Frye Stephanie Denise. "Pregnant Obese Women and Factors Which Impact Their Social and Physiological Well-Being." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1522.
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For more than 50 years, researchers have recognized complications associated with obesity and pregnancy as a problem for mothers and their unborn children. Despite this recognition, the rates of obesity and mortality in pregnant women have continued to rise. Using the health belief model, the transtheoretical model of behavior change, and the social cognitive theory as the theoretical frameworks, this phenomenological study examined barriers that might hinder the health of obese pregnant women and their unborn children. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 women who had a body mass index of 30 to 50, were between the ages of 18-55, and were at 20 to 30 gestational weeks. The data were coded for emergent inductive themes revealing (a) despite obesity and excessive weight gain, pregnant women believed they were healthy (b) labor and delivery decisions are hindered by uncertainty (c) pregnant women are comfortable when communication is not related to obesity, (d) pregnant obese women share the consumption of similar carbohydrates, (e) public rejection or support is influenced by self-concepts, (f) pregnant obese women believe that providers and the public treat them differently, (g) obesity and excessive weight gain is expected during pregnancy, and (h) stress and life circumstances are related. These findings promote implications for positive social change through the awareness that some pregnant obese women do not believe that they are obese, unhealthy, or prone to disease, and they do not view their weight as a health issue. Although further research is needed, these findings may aid providers and clinicians regarding awareness of factors that might hinder weight loss and the overall health and well-being of obese pregnant women and their children.
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Gadama, Luis Aaron. "Adverse perinatal events observed in obese pregnant women in the Metro West Region." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13209.
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Includes bibliographical references.Background. Obesity is increasing globally and is defined as a Body Mass Index (BMI) over 30 kgms/m². It’s prevalence in the Metro West Maternity service is unknown. Objective .To assess the prevalence of obesity and determine its association with adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes among pregnant women in the Metro West Region, Cape Town, South Africa Study Design. This was a retrospective observational study that compared perinatal outcomes in women with normal pregnancy BMI to outcomes in women with high pregnancy BMI. Setting. Mitchells Plain and Guguletu Midwife Obstetric Units, Mowbray Maternity Hospital and Groote Schuur Hospital, Metro West Region, Cape Town, South Africa Population. A total of 970 pregnant women divided into BMI groups that had their first antenatal booking visit between January and April 2011. Methods. A list of folder numbers was compiled from the antenatal booking registry at the two MOUs. From the list, maternal folders were then traced through the CLINICOM tracking system, MOU delivery registers, antenatal clinic transfer registers and labour ward transfer registers to find place of delivery or outcome of pregnancy. Maternal and perinatal characteristics were then extracted from the folders into the data collection sheet and data was analysed by STATA. Descriptive statistics included proportions with percentages and median with interquartile ranges. Inferential statistics included Chisquared tests, Fisher Exact tests, Kruskal Wallis test, univariate and multivariable logistic regressions. Main outcome measures. Perinatal outcomes (stillbirth, macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, 5 minute Apgar Score less than 7, congenital abnormalities) observed in obese and morbidly obese compared to normal BMI pregnant women.
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Stirrat, Laura Ingram. "Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis dysregulation in obese pregnancy." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28979.
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There has been a global rise in obesity in the last three decades, and at present one in five women are obese at antenatal booking. Maternal obesity is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including increased fetal size and prolonged pregnancy. In the longer-term, offspring of obese are at increased risk of premature death from a cardiovascular event in their adulthood. One mechanism that has been linked to these outcomes is fetal exposure to glucocorticoids in utero. During normal pregnancy, the maternal hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis undergoes major changes, resulting in exponentially increasing levels of the major circulating glucocorticoid cortisol, and other HPA axis hormones, such as corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH). Cortisol and CRH are vital for normal fetal growth and length of gestation, but in excess they are associated with fetal growth restriction and preterm labour. In non-pregnant obesity, it is thought that the HPA axis is dysregulated, although evidence is inconclusive. Little is known about the effects of maternal obesity in pregnancy on the HPA axis. The work in this Thesis used clinical studies to test the hypothesis that the HPA axis is dysregulated in obese pregnant women with altered release, clearance and placental metabolism of cortisol. Associations with clinical outcomes related to fetal size and length of gestation were also studied. The HPA axis activity during pregnancy was investigated in a prospective case-control study cohort. Fasting serum cortisol levels were measured at 16, 28 and 36 weeks of gestation (obese n=276, lean n=135). In a subset (obese n=20, lean n=20), corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG), CRH, estrogens and progesterone were measured. Salivary cortisol was measured in samples collected at bedtime, waking and 30 minutes after waking at 16 weeks. Urinary glucocorticoid metabolites were measured at 19 weeks and 36 weeks (obese n=6, lean n=5) and non-pregnant (obese n=7, lean n=7) subjects. All circulating hormone levels rose similarly in obese and lean during pregnancy, but were significantly lower in obese women. The diurnal rhythm of cortisol was maintained. Urinary glucocorticoids increased with gestation in lean, but not in obese, indicating a lesser activation of the HPA axis in obese compared with lean pregnancy. These findings associated with increased birthweight and longer gestation in obese pregnancy, suggesting that decreased HPA axis activity may underlie these obese related adverse pregnancy outcomes. Whether or not lower glucocorticoids in obese pregnancies are maintained at delivery was investigated by measuring active glucocorticoids (cortisol and corticosterone) and their inactive versions (cortisone and 11- dehydrocorticosterone, respectively) from matched maternal and cord plasma samples (n=259, BMI 18 – 55 kg/m2). Active glucocorticoids were significantly higher in maternal than cord blood, and inactive versions were significantly higher in cord than maternal blood. Increased maternal BMI associated with lower maternal cortisol, corticosterone and 11-dehydrocorticosterone. Despite significant correlations between maternal and cord blood glucocorticoid levels, increased maternal BMI did not associate with lower cord blood glucocorticoids. This suggests that conditions at delivery may overcome any potential negative effects of low maternal glucocorticoids on the fetus in the short-term. However, it may not preclude the longer-term effects of fetal exposure to lower glucocorticoid levels during obese pregnancy, and offspring follow-up studies are required. Potential mechanisms leading to altered HPA axis activity in obese pregnancy were explored by studying the pulsatile release and placental metabolism of glucocorticoid hormones. Glucocorticoid pulsatility is thought to be important for transcriptional regulation of glucocorticoid responsive genes, and disruptions to pulsatility have been reported in some disease processes. Glucocorticoids were measured in 10-minute serum sampling between 08.00h-11.00h and 16.00h- 19.00h. Peripheral tissue cortisol was measured from 20-minute sampling of interstitial fluid, over 24-hours, at 16-24 weeks and 30-36 weeks (obese n=7, lean n=8), and non-pregnant controls (obese n=4, lean n=3). Total circulating serum cortisol levels were higher in pregnancy than non-pregnancy in lean and obese, and increased significantly with advancing gestation in lean but not in obese. Pulsatility of cortisol was demonstrated in interstitial fluid in both non-pregnancy and pregnancy. In obese pregnancy, interstitial fluid pulse frequency was lower with advancing gestation. This may be a novel mechanism underlying the observed decreased HPA axis activity in obese pregnancy. Placental cortisol metabolism and transport was studied using an ex vivo placental perfusion model, perfused with a deuterium-labelled cortisol tracer combined with computational modeling. The findings challenge the concept that maternal cortisol diffuses freely across the placenta, but confirmed that 11β- HSD2 acts as major ‘barrier’ to cortisol transfer to the fetus, protecting the fetus from the high maternal circulating cortisol levels. In addition we showed preliminary evidence of local cortisol production within the placenta. The model is able to predict maternal-fetal cortisol transfer and can now be used in future experimental design. In conclusion, in obese pregnancy, lower maternal cortisol and urinary clearance suggested reduced HPA axis activity. Altered glucocorticoid pulsatility may underlie this change. Future studies of placental cortisol metabolism in maternal obesity could be conducted using an ex vivo perfusion model. The lower HPA axis activity in obese pregnancy represents a novel pathway underlying increased fetal growth.
Books on the topic "Obese pregnant women"
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Tina, Lavender, ed. Care for pregnant women who are obese / edited by Yana Richens and Tina Lavender. London: Quay Books, 2010.
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Conway, Deborah L., ed. Pregnancy in the Obese Woman. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444391183.
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Denison, Fiona C., and Alistair Milne. The obese parturient. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0039.
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Maternal obesity is the most common pre-existing morbidity in pregnant women in the United Kingdom. Obesity is associated with increased risk of maternal and offspring morbidity and mortality. Increased maternal morbidity is multifactorial. There is an increased incidence of coexisting medical conditions. Adverse physiological changes related to obesity also contribute to risk. In addition to this, there is an increased risk of many complications developing de novo during pregnancy. There are many practical and technical challenges for the multidisciplinary team that must be addressed in order to care for the morbidly obese parturient effectively. Many items of equipment designed for use with the morbidly obese will need to be available. Due to the complexity of their care and increased risks, all women with a body mass index over 40 kg/m2 should be seen prior to labour and delivery by an anaesthetist. This allows for timely planning of their care, involvement of appropriate personnel and equipment, and expectation management. The use of neuraxial analgesia and anaesthesia, whilst prone to increased technical difficulties and failure rates, has significant advantages for many morbidly obese parturients. There are many increased risks associated with general anaesthesia in the morbidly obese, but this may be the only option for operative delivery in some super morbidly obese parturients who cannot tolerate a tilted supine position. The care of the morbidly obese parturient is truly multidisciplinary which should be coordinated by a named consultant obstetrician.
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Conway, Deborah. Pregnancy in the Obese Woman: Clinical Management. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2011.
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Conway, Deborah. Pregnancy in the Obese Woman: Clinical Management. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2011.
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Conway, Deborah. Pregnancy in the Obese Woman: Clinical Management. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2011.
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Conway, Deborah. Pregnancy in the Obese Woman: Clinical Management. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2011.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Obese pregnant women"
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Vinter, Christina Anne. "Lifestyle Intervention and Prevention of Spontaneous Preterm Delivery in Obese Pregnant Women." In Metabolic Syndrome and Complications of Pregnancy, 165–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16853-1_12.
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Boots, Christina E., and Mary D. Stephenson. "Early Pregnancy in Obese Women." In Obesity and Fertility, 103–12. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2611-4_7.
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LaCoursiere, D. Yvette. "Psychological Aspects of Obesity in Women." In Pregnancy in the Obese Woman, 15–32. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444391183.ch2.
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Karmon, Anatte, and Eyal Sheiner. "Pregnancy After Bariatric Surgery." In Pregnancy in the Obese Woman, 66–84. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444391183.ch5.
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Chu, Susan Y. "The Epidemiology of Obesity in Pregnancy." In Pregnancy in the Obese Woman, 1–14. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444391183.ch1.
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Rompolski, Krista L., and John M. Jakicic. "Exercise Recommendations for the Obese Gravida." In Pregnancy in the Obese Woman, 152–70. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444391183.ch10.
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Hadar, Eran, and Yariv Yogev. "Obesity Co-Morbid Conditions in Pregnancy: Diabetes and Hypertension." In Pregnancy in the Obese Woman, 171–89. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444391183.ch11.
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Alexander, James M. "Obstetric Management of the Obese Parturient." In Pregnancy in the Obese Woman, 190–204. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444391183.ch12.
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Parker, Ashley, and Deborah L. Conway. "Abdominal Surgery in the Morbidly Obese Patient." In Pregnancy in the Obese Woman, 205–16. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444391183.ch13.
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Reifsnider, Elizabeth. "Breast Feeding and Contraception." In Pregnancy in the Obese Woman, 217–33. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444391183.ch14.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Obese pregnant women"
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Flannery, C., S. McHugh, L. Kenny, M. O’Riordan, FM McAuliffe, C. Bradley, P. Kearney, and M. Byrne. "P89 Health care professional’s experiences of lifestyle management in overweight and obese pregnant women: a qualitative study." In Society for Social Medicine, 61st Annual Scientific Meeting, University of Manchester, 5–8 September 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-ssmabstracts.190.
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Shhaeat, Allaa Jamel, and Ahmed Aboud Khalifa. "The study of resistin, insulin hormones, and 8-isoprostane in gestational diabetes mellitus and obese pregnant women in different trimesters." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS ICNAAM 2019. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0028229.
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L Kempster, Catherine, and Rasika S. Jayasekara. "The effects of diet and exercise programs for overweight or obese women during pregnancy." In 1st Annual Worldwide Nursing Conference (WNC 2013). Global Science and Technology Forum Pte Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2315-4330_wnc13.41.
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Bonello, B., L. Matthews, J. Logue, and S. Simpson. "RF25 The role of social networks in weight management interventions during pregnancy and postpartum for women who are overweight and obese: a systematic review." In Society for Social Medicine 62nd Annual Scientific Meeting, Hosted by the MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 5–7 September 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-ssmabstracts.113.
Full textReports on the topic "Obese pregnant women"
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A behavioural intervention for obese pregnant women did not reduce risk of diabetes. National Institute for Health Research, November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/signal-000142.
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Giving obese pregnant women metformin had no effect on baby’s weight at birth. National Institute for Health Research, September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/signal-000123.
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