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Journal articles on the topic 'Obese pregnant women'
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Djozic, Isidora, Edita Stokic, and Jelena Nikolic. "Nutritional status of pregnant women - effects on the course and pregnancy outcome." Medical review 74, no. 1-2 (2021): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns2102015d.
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Introduction. In recent decades, obesity has taken on epidemic proportions and is becoming one of the most significant public health problems today. The results of clinical and epidemiological studies show that obese pregnant women can be considered a high risk group, given the increased risk of maternal and fetal complications. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between pregnant women?s nutritional status and the development of arterial hypertension, gestational diabetes and obstetric cholestasis during pregnancy, as well as the impact of pregnant women?s nutritional status on newborn birth weight and vital parameters at birth, assessed by Apgar score. Material and Methods. This retrospective study included 71 pregnant women who were divided into two groups, depending on the nutritional status. The first group included 28 pregnant women with a body mass index < 25 kg/m? or less, whereas the second group included obese pregnant women with a body mass index > 30 kg/m? or more. Birth protocol data were used for the newborns. Results. In obese pregnant women, the termination of pregnancy by cesarean section was statistically significant more frequent (p < 0.05). Newborns of obese mothers had a statistically lower Apgar score at 5 minutes, while higher body weight of newborns and a lower Apgar score at 1 minute were at the limit of statistical significance (p = 0.068). Arterial hypertension was more common in obese pregnant women (p = 0.014), while gestational diabetes (p = 0.42) and obstetric cholestasis (p = 0.51) were more common in obese pregnant women, but without statistical significance. Conclusion. Obesity in pregnancy is a risk factor for the development of hypertension, a higher incidence of cesarean section, and a lower Apgar score of newborns.
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Jackson, Suzi. "Interventions for obese pregnant women." Reproductive Toxicology 80 (September 2018): 138–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.07.022.
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Morin, Karen H., and Lyn Reilly. "Caring for Obese Pregnant Women." Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 36, no. 5 (September 2007): 482–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.2007.00182.x.
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Dennis, A. T., J. M. Castro, M. Ong, and C. Carr. "Haemodynamics in obese pregnant women." International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia 21, no. 2 (April 2012): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijoa.2011.11.007.
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Dennis, A. T., J. M. Castro, M. Ong, and C. Carr. "Hemodynamics in Obese Pregnant Women." Obstetric Anesthesia Digest 33, no. 2 (June 2013): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aoa.0000429134.95703.c3.
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Orr, Katrine, and Patrick Chien. "Sepsis in obese pregnant women." Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 29, no. 3 (April 2015): 377–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2014.10.007.
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Tyshko, Kateryna, and Olena Gnatko. "CHARACTERISTICS OF LABOUR PROGRESSION IN PREGNANT OBESE WOMEN." Ukrainian Scientific Medical Youth Journal 115, no. 1 (August 26, 2020): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32345/usmyj.1(115).2020.9-17.
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Obesity of pregnant women is a current global problem. The urgency is determined by numerous complications in obese pregnant women, which can affect the labour course, the maternal and foetal condition, require surgical delivery, and involve postpartum complications. The purpose was to study the characteristics of labour in obese pregnant women. The study methods included retrospective analysis of labour in 100 pregnant women with obesity, which were divided into 3 subgroups, depending on the obesity class (I, II, III), determined by BMI at the time of pregnancy registration. Labours of 100 pregnant women without obesity were used as the reference group. According to the medical records, the analysis included the estimation of gestational age (full-term, with tendency to post-term, early) and labour term (term, pre-term, late) and the cervical maturity according to Bishop Score (mature, under-mature, immature), the nature of the labour onset (spontaneous, induced) and their course (physiological, pathological). Statistical analysis of the results was carried out in EZR v.1.35 (R statistical software version 3.4.3, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) (Kanda, 2013).
Results. Comparative evaluation of the results of labour in women of Groups 1 and 2 showed that term labour accounts for the vast majority in both groups (80.0% in Group 1 and 91.0% in Group 2, respectively). The incidence of preterm and post-term labour is higher in obese women: pre-term labour by 1.7 times and late labour by 4 times. In pregnant women with obesity, early gestational age (˂ 37 weeks) was observed in 12.0% versus 7.0% among women in Group 2. In patients of Group 1, full-term pregnancy was reported in 56.0%, with a tendency to post-term labour - in 24.0%, while in pregnant women of Group 2, full-term pregnancies were observed in 85.0% of women, and with a tendency to post-term delivery - in 6.0%. Among patients with full-term pregnancy, "mature" cervix was observed in a large percentage of women both in Group 1 (70.0%) and Group 2 (94.0%) with predominance among pregnant women without obesity. Analysis of the results of the cervical maturity in the subgroups according to the obesity class showed that 68.4% of pregnant women with obesity class I and II at admission had "mature" cervix, the difference from the control Group was statistically significant, p<0.05. In patients with obesity class III compared with Group 2, "immature" or "under-mature" cervix was more common, 25% and 6%, respectively (p<0.001), which required the preparation (maturation) of the cervix with subsequent labour induction.
In general, women in Group 1 with term pregnancy had spontaneous onset of labour in 56.0%, versus 86.0% in patients of Group 2, and induced onset of labour in 10.0% versus 4.0% in pregnant women in Group 2. Among pregnant women with a tendency to post-term delivery, the onset of labour was spontaneous in 15.0% versus 3.0% in patients in Group 2 and induced in 6.0% versus 2.0% in pregnant women in Group 2. Surgical delivery more often occurred in pregnant women with obesity (33.0%) compared with pregnant women without obesity (10.0%) In general, physiological labour occurred in women of Group 1 in 77.0%, and pathological labour in 33.0%. In Group 2, physiological labour was observed in 90.0%, pathological labour in 10.0%, respectively.
Conclusion. Labour in obese women has certain specific patterns, which depend on changes in the labour structure, in gestational age, the degree of the cervical maturity, the need for pre-induction and induction of labour. The identified changes depend on the obesity class and require timely evaluation and prediction for optimal management.
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Tagieva, F. A. "Characteristics of anthropometric indicators and eating behavior of pregnant women with obesity." Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) 98, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/0023-2149-2020-98-2-149-152.
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The paper presents the characteristics of anthropometric indicators and assessment of eating behavior of pregnant women with obesity. 213 pregnant women with abdominal obesity diagnosed before pregnancy (main group) were monitored. The control group consisted of 80 women who had a normal body mass index before pregnancy. When analyzing the differences in anthropometric indicators between the studied groups of pregnant women, statistically significant differences in the parameters of weight, BMI, OT/O ratio were revealed. The average BMI in pregnant women of the main group was 39,5 ± 0,57 kg/m2, which was 1,6 times higher than in women of the control group. In pregnant women with obesity, the ratio of OT/OB corresponded to 0,90 ± 0,004, which significantly exceeded the value of this indicator in women of the control group. Weight gain after the first pregnancy was indicated by 80 (37,5%) women of the main and 38 (47,5%) — control group. Evaluation of the eating behavior of obese patients showed that the nature of nutrition in almost half (48,0%) of obese women was irrational and excessive (3,8% in the control group), and 12,8% of patients abused various tonic drinks. Obese women are undoubtedly at high risk for developing complications during pregnancy.
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Fazzi, Caterina, Fiona C. Denison, David H. Saunders, Jane E. Norman, and Rebecca M. Reynolds. "Options in Pregnancy to Increase ActiveLy Sitting (OPALS) Feasibility Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (May 26, 2021): 5673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115673.
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Background. A negative association between obesity and pregnancy outcomes has been described, as well as between time sedentary and pregnancy outcomes. Most interventions based on physical activity involving obese pregnant women have failed in improving pregnancy outcomes. Exchanging time spent in sedentary activities with time spent in light-intensity activities, performed in a home-based setting, might help morbidly obese pregnant women. We aimed to assess the feasibility of an exercise intervention. Methods. An exercise intervention for morbidly obese pregnant women was designed involving morbidly obese pregnant women. Pregnant women with BMI ≥ 40 kg/m² with 20 or less weeks of gestation were invited to take part in the OPALS Feasibility Study. A home-based approach was employed. Participants were asked to perform the intervention for at least 12 weeks, and to register their performance in an activity diary. After the intervention, participants were asked to return the activity diary and answer a feasibility questionnaire. Results. In the intervention, 28 participants took part. Six women completed the intervention for 12 weeks or more. All declared they intended to keep on doing the intervention. All women reported that the exercises made them feel better. Conclusion. Empowering, and involving morbidly obese pregnant women in taking care of themselves and giving them realistic tasks to do on their own and around their environment helps to increase commitment, as does avoiding the effect of their own weight whilst exercising. A 20% of compliance was observed in this study, which might be explained by the difficulties that pregnancy and excess weight mean. Thus, for future studies, we suggest adding a supervision plan to increase that number.
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Makarova, E. L., and N. A. Terekhina. "Influence of pregnancy on iron and copper exchange rates in women with normal body weight and women with obesity." Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics 66, no. 4 (April 17, 2021): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.51620/0869-2084-2021-66-4-205-209.
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The number of obese pregnant women increases annually and reaches 20-30%. The metabolism of hormones and minerals changes in the presence of a large amount of adipose tissue in the body of a pregnant woman, which leads to a number of obstetric and perinatal problems. The aim of the work is to study and compare the influence of the gestational process on the indicators of iron and copper metabolism in the blood serum of women with normal body weight and women with obesity. In the blood serum of 125 women of reproductive age, the content of hemoglobin, iron, transferrin, ferritin, copper and ceruloplasmin was determined. The influence of pregnancy on the indicators of iron and copper metabolism in the blood serum of women was revealed. Pregnancy in women with normal body weight increases the content of transferrin and ceruloplasmin. Correlation of ceruloplasmin and ferritin content with body mass index of obese pregnant women was revealed. In pregnancy with concomitant obesity, hyperferritinemia is formed with a reduced content of hemoglobin and serum iron. Knowledge of the indicators of iron and copper metabolism is necessary to optimize the observation of pregnant women, effective prevention and prediction of obstetric and perinatal complications.
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Carvajal, Jorge A., and Joaquín I. Oporto. "The Myometrium in Pregnant Women with Obesity." Current Vascular Pharmacology 19, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570161118666200525133530.
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: Obesity is a worldwide public health problem, affecting at least one-third of pregnant women. One of the main problems of obesity during pregnancy is the resulting high rate of cesarean section. The leading cause of this higher frequency of cesarean sections in obese women, compared with that in nonobese women, is an altered myometrial function that leads to lower frequency and potency of contractions. In this article, the disruptions of myometrial myocytes were reviewed in obese women during pregnancy that may explain the dysfunctional labor. The myometrium of obese women exhibited lower expression of connexin43, a lower function of the oxytocin receptor, and higher activity of the potassium channels. Adipokines, such as leptin, visfatin, and apelin, whose concentrations are higher in obese women, decreased myometrial contractility, perhaps by inhibiting the myometrial RhoA/ROCK pathway. The characteristically higher cholesterol levels of obese women alter myometrial myocyte cell membranes, especially the caveolae, inhibiting oxytocin receptor function, and increasing the K+ channel activity. All these changes in the myometrial cells or their environment decrease myometrial contractility, at least partially explaining the higher rate of cesarean of sections in obese women.
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Hamza, Mohammad Ahmad, Yassar Yahya Al Tamer, and Omar Abdulmajeed Al habib. "Modification of Irisin Level in Overweight/Obese Women during Pregnancy and Its Association with Some Metabolic Risk Factors." Baghdad Science Journal 17, no. 3(Suppl.) (September 8, 2020): 1124. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2020.17.3(suppl.).1124.
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Irisin is a novel myokine and adipokine, its role during pregnancy and its association with some metabolic risk factors especially pre-pregnancy body mass index (pre-BMI) need more evaluation. The aim of the study is to find whether the pre-BMI could predict irisin levels during normal pregnancy and to clarify associations of irisin with some pathological parameters.
Irisin levels were estimated by ELISA in sera of 59 normal pregnant women who enrolled from December 2016 to May 2017 at Maternity Hospital, Zakho city, Kurdistan region (Iraq). Thirty-two normal-weight pregnant (pre-BMI≤24.9 kg/m2, Age=24.03 mean±3.7standard deviation) and 27 overweight/obese-pregnant (pre-BMI>25 kg/m2, Age=27.6 mean±3.9 standard deviation) were accounted for each trimester as10: 8 in first trimester, 10:10 in second trimester and12:9 in third trimester respectively. Twenty-two healthy married non-pregnant women of reproductive age served as controls, accounted as 10 normal-weight women (BMI ≤24.9 kg/m2) and 12 overweight/obese women (BMI>25 kg/m2).
In pregnant women as a whole, irisin level significantly increased compared to control (p=0.003), and correlated with the pre-BMI, FBS, TP and HOMA2-IR. Pre-BMI and TP predicted irisin levels in a whole study population (p=0.011 and 0.014 respectively). In Overweight/Obese-pregnant, irisin increased significantly by 55.3% in first trimester compared with Overweight/Obese women control, then decreased progressively toward the end of gestation, correlated with TP, Albumin, FBS, HOMA2-IR and negatively correlated with gestational weight gained. TP and FBS independently predicted irisin level in Overweight/Obese-pregnant group.
Conclusion: Circulating irisin levels are influenced by pre-BMI, and both of TP and FBS predict irisin levels in overweight/obese pregnant. Irisin level should be a radical factor in future studies for pathological conditions linked to hypoproteinemias such as edema and hepatic disease.
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Thota, Amrutha R., Ambarisha Bhandiwad, and Vineet Sakhireddy. "Short term effects of maternal obesity on mother and fetus: a prospective study." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 8 (July 26, 2018): 3097. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20183297.
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Background: Obesity is such a common health care problem of female population that have major impact on pregnancy. The worldwide prevalence of obesity is more than doubled in between 1980 and 2015. The objectives of present study are to observe whether obese women have an increased risk of pregnancy related complications and adverse fetal outcome and also to compare pregnancy outcomes in different classes of BMI in obese group.Methods: A prospective observational study conducted in OBG department JSS Hospital, Mysore from November 2014 to July 2016. All pregnant women attending OPD and inpatients of antenatal wards were screened for pre-pregnancy BMI. Total number of singleton births were 5727 in our institution. Out of which 314 obese pregnant women were included in the study group, remaining 5413 non-obese pregnant mothers were taken as control group respectively. They are closely monitored in every antenatal visit for development of complications such as pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, increased rate of caesarean section and presence of macrosomia (B.wt >3.5kg).Results: In comparison to normal BMI pregnant women, obese mothers had an increased risk of gestational hypertension (16.9% versus 2.0%, OR-2.3) gestational diabetes mellitus (35.7% versus 3.1%, OR-2.84), preeclampsia (23.9% versus 5%,0R-1.64) cesarean sections (75.2% versus 65.4%), macrosomia (45.9% versus 22%, OR-1.64), it was also found that as BMI increases the incidence of these complications increase as seen in different classes of obese population.Conclusions: Pregnancy associated with obesity is considered as a high-risk pregnancy and obesity being a modifiable risk factor, educating women in early pregnancy and preconceptional counseling regarding harmful effects of obesity and information regarding appropriate gestational weight gain is essential.
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Prokhorov, V. N. "Cellular metabolism in obese pregnant women." Reproductive Toxicology 7, no. 5 (September 1993): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0890-6238(93)90178-a.
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Sato, Ana Paula Sayuri, and Elizabeth Fujimori. "Nutritional status and weight gain in pregnant women." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 20, no. 3 (June 2012): 462–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692012000300006.
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This study described the nutritional status of 228 pregnant women and the influence of this on birth weight. This is a retrospective study, developed in a health center in the municipality of São Paulo, with data obtained from medical records. Linear regression analysis was carried out. An association was verified between the initial and final nutritional status (p<0.001). The mean of total weight gain in the pregnant women who began the pregnancy underweight was higher compared those who started overweight/obese (p=0.005). Weight gain was insufficient for 43.4% of the pregnant women with adequate initial weight and for 36.4% of all the pregnant women studied. However, 37.1% of those who began the pregnancy overweight/obese finished with excessive weight gain, a condition that ultimately affected almost a quarter of the pregnant women. Anemia and low birth weight were uncommon, however, in the linear regression analysis, birth weight was associated with weight gain (p<0.05). The study highlights the importance of nutritional care before and during pregnancy to promote maternal-infant health.
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Schaefer-Graf, Ute, Regina Ensenauer, Ulrich Gembruch, Tanja Groten, Maria Flothkötter, Julia Hennicke, Josef Köhrle, et al. "Obesity and Pregnancy. Guideline of the German Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (S3-Level, AWMF Registry No. 015-081, June 2019)." Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde 81, no. 03 (March 2021): 279–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1330-7466.
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Abstract Aims Obesity is an increasing problem, even in young women of reproductive age. Obesity has a negative impact on conception, the course of pregnancy, and neonatal outcomes. Caring for obese pregnant women is becoming an increasingly important aspect of standard prenatal care. This guideline aims to improve the care offered to obese pregnant women. Methods This S3-guideline was compiled following a systemic search for evidence and a structured process to achieve consensus. Recommendations Evidence-based recommendations for the care of obese pregnant women were developed, which cover such as areas as preconception counselling, identification of risks, special aspects of prenatal care and prenatal diagnostic procedures, intrapartum management, and long-term effects on mother and child.
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Abd El Moaty Sheha, Eman Ali, Hanan Elzeblawy Hassan, and Wafaa Mostafa Ahmed Gamel. "Association between Pre-pregnant Overweight and Obesity and Periodontal Disease during Pregnancy: A Cross Sectional Study." International Journal of Studies in Nursing 3, no. 1 (November 2, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/ijsn.v3i1.207.
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Background: Obesity is considered а noteworthy public health issue in both developed & developing countries. Among the 1.5 billion overweight individuals worldwide, 300 million of them were obese women. In the general, the prevalence of maternal obesity has increased 60% in the previous two decades with nearly 1 in 3 women now entering pregnancy obese. Also, the periodontаl disease has been observed to be prevalent in pregnant women with the prevalence ranging from 20% to more than 50%, especially economically disadvantaged women.Aim: explore the relation between pre-pregnant overweight and obesity with periodontal disease during pregnancy.Subjects & Methods: cross-sectional study among 400 pregnant women were booked in the high-risk obstetric departments and the antenatal outpatient clinics at governmental general hospitals in El-Fayoum City and governmental university hospital in El-Mansoura city.Results: The mean age of pregnant women was 29.9 ± 6.2 with increase the prevalence of periodontal disease in pregnant women (83.5%). Statistically significant correlation was found between prenatal weight and periodontаl disease during pregnancy (p ≤ 0.0001) with increasing the prevalence of periodontal disease in prenatal obese women (53.2%) and over weight (39.7%) were observed in women who were in their 3rd trimester (р = 0.011). Increase prevalence of periodontal with poor oral hygiene and sedentary activity.Conclusion: increased pre-pregnancy obesity & overweight are positively correlated with periodontal disease prevalence among pregnant women, and Pregnancy itself may also be associated with аn increased risk of periodontal disease.Recommendations: Activating the role of the maternity and community health nurse in branches of Obstetrics and antenatal clinics to enhance pregnant women's knowledge regarding oral health risks of obesity & overweight.
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Spradley, Frank T. "Metabolic abnormalities and obesity’s impact on the risk for developing preeclampsia." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 312, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): R5—R12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00440.2016.
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Preeclampsia (PE), a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, is increasing as a major contributor to perinatal and long-term morbidity of mother and offspring. PE is thought to originate from ischemic insults in the placenta driving the release of prohypertensive anti-angiogenic [soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1)] and proinflammatory [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] factors into the maternal circulation. Whereas the increased incidence of PE is hypothesized to be largely due to the obesity pandemic, the mechanisms whereby obesity increases this risk are unknown. The maternal endothelium is targeted by placental and adipose tissue-derived factors like sFlt-1 and TNF-α that promote hypertension during pregnancy, resulting in vascular dysfunction and hypertension. Interestingly, not all obese pregnant women develop PE. Data suggest that obese pregnant women with the greatest metabolic abnormalities have the highest incidence of PE. Identifying obesity-related mechanisms driving hypertension in some obese pregnant women and pathways that protect normotensive obese pregnant women, may uncover novel protocols to treat PE. Metabolic abnormalities, such as increased circulating leptin, glucose, insulin, and lipids, are likely to increase the risk for PE in obese women. It is not only important to understand whether each of these metabolic factors contribute to the increased risk for PE in obesity, but also their cumulative effects. This is particularly relevant to obese pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) where all of these factors are increased and the risk for PE is highest. It is speculated that these factors potentiate the anti-angiogenic and proinflammatory mechanisms of placental ischemia-induced vascular dysfunction thereby contributing to the increasing incidence of PE.
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Reisenberg, Amy, Kasuen Mauldin, Lisa Sawrey-Kubicek, Mary N. R. Lesser, and Janet King. "Pilot Study Examining Pregnancy-specific Equations to Estimate Percent Body Fat in an Overweight/obese Pregnant Hispanic Population." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 14, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v14i3.2065.
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Background and Purpose: Over half of women entering pregnancy are overweight or obese, increasing metabolic risk. This pilot study investigated whether established equations for estimating maternal percent body fat using anthropometry are accurate for Hispanic, overweight or obese pregnant women. Methods: The Siri technique of calculating percent body fat from direct measurements of body density and total body water was the gold-standard. Other pregnancy-specific equations were also examined. The study population included 15 normoglycemic, pregnant Hispanic women in their third trimester (33.2±1.9 gestational week) with a pre-pregnancy body mass index ≥25 to
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Mohd-Shukri, Nor A., Jennifer L. Bolton, Jane E. Norman, Brian R. Walker, and Rebecca M. Reynolds. "Evaluation of an FFQ to assess total energy and nutrient intakes in severely obese pregnant women." Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 8 (September 10, 2012): 1427–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001200417x.
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AbstractObjectiveFFQ are popular instruments for assessing dietary intakes in epidemiological studies but have not been validated for use in severely obese pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to compare nutrient intakes assessed by an FFQ with those obtained from a food diary among severely obese pregnant women.DesignComparison of an FFQ containing 170 food items and a food diary for 4 d (three weekdays and one weekend day); absolute agreement was assessed using the paired t test and relative agreement by Pearson/Spearman correlation, cross-classification into tertiles and weighted kappa values.SettingAntenatal metabolic clinic for severely obese women.SubjectsThirty-one severely obese (BMI at booking ≥40·0 kg/m2) and thirty-two lean control (BMI = 20·0–24·9 kg/m2) pregnant women.ResultsThe findings showed that nutrient intakes estimated by the FFQ were significantly higher than those from the food diary; average correlation was 0·32 in obese and 0·43 in lean women. A mean of 48·5 % of obese and 47·3 % of lean women were correctly classified, while 12·9 % (obese) and 10·0 % (lean) were grossly misclassified. Weighted κ values ranged from −0·04 to 0·79 in obese women and from 0·16 to 0·78 in lean women.ConclusionsOverall, the relative agreement between the FFQ and food diary was lower in the obese group than in the lean group, but was comparable with earlier studies conducted in pregnant women. The validity assessments suggest that the FFQ is a useful tool for ranking severely obese pregnant women according to the levels of their dietary intake.
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Denison, Fiona C., and Carolyn Chiswick. "Improving pregnancy outcome in obese women." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 70, no. 4 (August 18, 2011): 457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665111001637.
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The global pandemic of maternal obesity presents a major challenge for healthcare providers, and has significant short- and long-term implications for both maternal and fetal health. Currently, the evidence-base underpinning many of the interventions either currently in use or recommended to improve pregnancy outcome in obese women is limited. The nature and timing of these interventions vary widely, ranging from simple advice to more intensive dietary and exercise programmes, cognitive behavioural therapy and drug trials. In addition, a growing number of very severely obese women now enter pregnancy having had surgical interventions. Although surgical interventions such as gastric bypass or banding may be associated with improved pregnancy outcomes, these women have particular nutritional requirements, which need to be addressed to optimise pregnancy outcome. Until the outcomes of ongoing current trials are reported and provide a firm evidence base on which to base future intervention strategies and guide evidence based care for obese pregnant women, pregnancy outcome is best optimised by high-risk antenatal care delivered by healthcare providers who are experienced in supporting these high-risk women.
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Shamini Danasamy, Rachael. "Prevalence of Obesity and Body Weight Perception among Pregnant Women." Medicine & Health 15, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/mh.2020.1502.04.
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Obesity is rapidly increasing worldwide and there is a general misconception regarding body weight perception. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of obesity and body weight perception among pregnant women. A total of 315 pregnant women participated in this study. Their Body Mass Index (BMI) was recorded and weight perception was assessed using a questionnaire. About two third (60.6%, n=191) participants in the study had excess weight out of which, 29.8% (n=94) were obese and 30.8% (n=97) were overweight. There was poor agreement between participant’s true body weight category and their perception (k=0.185 (95% CI, 0.119 to 0.258), p<0.001). Majority of participants who were obese (84%, n=79) and overweight (77.4%, n=75) underestimated their weight status. Only a very small percentage of obese (16%, n=15) and overweight 18.6% (n=18) participants had correct perception of their weight. However, the majority (84.3%, n=86) of participants with normal body weight had correct perception regarding their body weight. This study found that most obese and overweight women tend to underestimate their weight status while those of normal weight had correct perception of their body weight. The inaccurate perception of those who are obese and overweight may impact weight gain during pregnancy and affect pregnancy related complications. Education regarding ideal body weight and its benefits needs to be instilled during pre-pregnancy care to achieve better overall outcome.
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Datsenko, Natalya S., Igor O. Marinkin, Tat’yana M. Sokolova, Tat’yana V. Kiseleva, and Anna V. Yakimova. "Early prediction of placental insufficiency in obese women." V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 1 (March 22, 2021): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2313-8726-2021-8-40-47.
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Obesity is one of the most important problems in modern health care. The high prevalence of this pathology also affects women of reproductive age, which leads to an increase in the prevalence of obesity in pregnant women.
Purpose of the work ‒ analysis of the effect of adipokine indicators on predicting the development of placental insufficiency in obese women.
Materials and methods. 225 women were examined who were subdivided by such a parameter as obesity into 4 groups: 3 main and 1 control. The control group consisted of 55 pregnant women with an initially normal BMI value (18.5‒24.9 kg/m2). Group 1st included 109 pregnant women with grade I obesity (BMI 31.88 1.4 kg/m2), group 2nd ‒ 34 pregnant women with grade II obesity (BMI 36.6 1.1 kg/m2), group 3rd ‒ 31 pregnant women with grade III obesity (BMI 42.2 1.9 kg/m2).
We studied the data of the anamnesis of pregnant women (somatic and obstetric-gynecological), indicators of adiponectin and omentin, peculiarities of the course of pregnancy and childbirth (data of cardiotocography (CTG), ultrasound markers of disturbances in the formation and functioning of the fetoplacental complex), indicators of labor activity, parameters of newborns (mass-growth, state on the Apgar scale, ponderal index, fetal-placental ratio) and the course of the postpartum period.
When conducting statistical analysis in the case of comparing two dependent (paired) samples of parameters, the paired Students t-test was used.
The results were considered statistically significant if the р was less than 0.05. With this indicator, the value of the probability of difference between the compared categories was more than 95%.
Results. The possibility of predicting the development of placental insufficiency depending on the concentrations of omentin and adiponectin was confirmed. The development of placental insufficiency is most likely with omentin values in the range of 177.6‒191.2 g/ml and adiponectin in the range of 16.0‒22.5 g/ml.
Conclusion. Determination of adipokine levels at 8‒9 weeks gestation may be practically significant in predicting the development of placental insufficiency in obese women.
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Karelina, O. B., N. V. Artymuk, O. A. Tachkova, T. Yu Marochko, and M. N. Surina. "Levels of thyroid-stimulating and thyroid hormones in pregnant women with obesity and their newborns." Fundamental and Clinical Medicine 4, no. 4 (December 28, 2019): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2019-4-4-58-63.
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Aim: To study the level of thyroid-stimulating and thyroid hormones in pregnant women with obesity and their newborns.Materials and Methods. We consecutively recruited 40 pregnant women and their newborns. Blood sampling in pregnant women was carried out at the end of the third trimester 12 hours after the last meal while in newborns it was conducted immediately after birth. Measurement of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and free thyroxine was performed using chemiluminescent immunoassay.Results. Thyroid disease was significantly more common in pregnant women with obesity. Clinical and latent hypothyroidism in obese pregnant women was observed 1.5-fold more frequently as compared with those having normal body weight. In keeping with these findings, goiter and elevated thyroxine were also more common in obese pregnant women. Newborns from obese women were more often characterized by a transient hypothyroidism in combination with an augmented thyroid-stimulating hormone.Conclusion. Levels of thyroid-stimulating and thyroid hormones in obese pregnant women and their newborns significantly differ from the patients with normal body weight.
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Crivellenti, Lívia Castro, Daniela Cristina Candelas Zuccolotto, and Daniela Saes Sartorelli. "Association between the Diet Quality Index Adapted for Pregnant Women (IQDAG) and excess maternal body weight." Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil 19, no. 2 (June 2019): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-93042019000200002.
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Abstract Objectives: to investigate the relationship between the Diet Quality Index Adapted for Pregnant Women (IQDAG) and excess maternal body weight. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted with 754 adult pregnant women, in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, between 2011 and 2012. The criteria proposed by Atalah were used to classify the body mass index (BMI). Adjusted multinomial logistic regression models were employed to investigate the relationship between the IQDAG and being overweight and obese, estimating the odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI95%). Results: the mean (SD) age of women was 28 (5) years, 33.4% were overweight and 25.6% obese. The pregnant women with higher scores in the IQDAG were less likely to be overweight [OR= 0.56 (CI95% = 0.37-0.85)] or obese [0.43 (0.26-0.71)]; those with higher scores in the "Fiber" [0.51 (0.33; 0.78)] and "Iron" [0.62 (0.40-0.96)] components were less likely to be overweight. However, women with higher scores in the percentage of energy from ultra-processed foods were more likely to be overweight [1.72 (1.10-2.94)] or obese [5.24 (2.80-9.80)], when compared to women with lower scores. Conclusions: poorer quality maternal diets were observed among the women who were overweight and obese during pregnancy.
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Tsyvian, P. B., N. V. Bashmakova, O. P. Kovtun, L. V. Makarenko, and L. A. Pestryaeva. "Maternal and newborn infants amino acid concentrations in obese women born themselves with normal and small for gestational age birth weight." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 6, no. 4 (April 30, 2015): 278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174415001117.
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This study was undertaken to compare amino acid concentrations in maternal and newborn infants’ serum in normal pregnancy and two groups of obese women who were born themselves with normal and small for gestational age (SGA) birth weight. Maternal cholesterol, lipoproteins concentrations and maternal and infants amino acid concentrations were evaluated at the time of delivery in 28 normal pregnancies, 46 obese pregnant women with normal birth weight (Ob-AGA group) and 44 obese pregnant women born themselves SGA (Ob-SGA group). Mean birth weight of newborn infants in Ob-SGA group was significantly less than in normal and Ob-AGA groups. Cholesterol and lipoproteins were significantly elevated in obese women (more prominent in Ob-SGA group). Most amino acid concentrations and fetal–maternal amino acid gradients were significantly lower in Ob-SGA group. These data suggest significant changes in placental amino acid transport/synthetic function in obese women who were born themselves SGA.
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Šćepanović, Darija, and Ivana Hrvatin. "Effect of maternal exercise on maternal and foetal health in obese pregnant women." Slovenian Medical Journal 89, no. 3-4 (April 21, 2020): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.6016/zdravvestn.2944.
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Background: Obesity during pregnancy represents a global problem and is a major risk factor for complications during pregnancy and labour. Emerging evidence suggests that physical activity during pregnancy might be beneficial for both maternal and foetal health without side effects. The purpose of this systematic review was to review trials evaluating the effect of physical activity on maternal and foetal health in obese pregnant women. Methods: PRISMA guidelines were followed. We searched for randomized controlled trials published until June 2018 on the PubMed, PEDro and CENTRAL databases. We included articles that had a well described physical activity intervention and studied obese pregnant women with BMI > 30 kg/m2.Results: Ten articles were included in the review. All articles included a physical activity intervention, seven articles included also a dietary intervention. Four articles included a pedometer-based intervention, six articles opted for a supervised physical activity intervention. Physical activity with or without dietary intervention had no effect on lowering the risk for gestational diabetes mellitus or improving neonatal or other maternal outcomes. There were mixed results in gestational weight gain and mode of delivery. Conclusion: We can conclude that physical activity during pregnancy has mixed results on maternal and foetal health in obese pregnant women. There is no evidence from randomized controlled trials that PA during pregnancy in obese women improves maternal or neonatal outcomes, and therefore no clear statements on beneficial effects of PA in this population can currently be made.
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Sydsjö, Gunilla, and Ann Josefsson. "Weight gain restriction for obese pregnant women." Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 89, no. 12 (December 2010): 1613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00016349.2010.502221.
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Powell, Jenny, and Clare Hughes. "Antenatal interventions that support obese pregnant women." British Journal of Midwifery 20, no. 5 (May 2012): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2012.20.5.325.
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Lindholm, Elisabeth Storck, Margareta Norman, Charlotte Palme Kilander, and Daniel Altman. "Weight control program for obese pregnant women." Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 89, no. 6 (June 2010): 840–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00016340903428370.
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Barr, S., B. Walker, N. Morton, and J. Norman. "Adipose tissue metabolism in obese pregnant women." Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 95, Supplement 1 (June 1, 2010): Fa33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.2010.189753.2.
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Junejo, Raheela Rani, Rabail Rani Junejo, Raheel Sikandar, Shahla Baloch, and Mehrunnisa Khaskheli. "OBESE PRIMIGRAVID WOMEN;." Professional Medical Journal 24, no. 08 (August 8, 2017): 1147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.08.955.
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Objectives: To determine the frequency of macrosomia in obese primigravidwomen. Study Design: Case series study. Period: Six months. Setting: Department ofGynecology and Obstetrics Department Jamshoro. Patients and Methods: The inclusioncriteria of the study were primigravida women between age 18 to 35 years with singletonpregnancy and gestational duration of 37 to 42 weeks, and during labour with BMI 30 or >30kg/m2 and All booked women who were primigravid during antenatal visit try to come and BMIcalculated by weight in kg and height in meter square. The variables include post-delivery ifthe weight of baby is 4.5 kg is macrosomic and mode of the delivery. The data was analyzed inSPSS version 17, the frequency and percentage was calculated while the chi-square test wasapplied on categorical variables and the p-value ≤0.05 was considered as significant. Results:During six months study period total 203 pregnant obese ladies were observed for macrosomicbabies. Age group was analyzed which shows that in age group between 18-25 years were105(52.00%) women, in age group of 26-30 years were 62 (30.69%) women and age group of30 years and above were 35 (17.31%) women with mean age ± SD of ladies was 24.6 ±6.2years. Regarding modes of delivery shown 132 (65.02%) ladies had C-section and 71 (34.97%)ladies had vaginally delivery. Weight of the babies was assessed which shows 27 (13%) wereborn with less than 2.5 Kg, babies having weight between 2.6-3 Kg were 71 (35.3%) , babieswere having weight 3 kg to 4.5kg 38 (18.7%) and babies having more than 4.5kg which shows67 (33%). Neonatal complications observed were macrosomic babies 67 (33.1%). Frequencyof macrosomic babies was higher in women with BMI more than 3.5kg/m2 44(21.67%) andin women with BMI between 30 to 35kg/m2 25(12.31%). Conclusion: Obesity responsible forcomplications during pregnancy and delivery for both mother and babies. Fetal complicationsare macrosomia and these obese ladies should motivate for maintenance of weight.
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Susanto, Isman, Nur Indrawaty Lipoeto, and Arif Sabta Aji. "Factors Associated With Rates of Gestational Weight Gain Among Pregnant Women in West Sumatera, Indonesia." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab046_118.
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Abstract Objectives Gestational weight gain (GWG) is an important anthropometric indicator for maternal nutritional status. This study analyzed to determine factors associated with rates of gestational weight gain among women in the third trimester in West Sumatera, Indonesia. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among healthy pregnant women in the third trimester in West Sumatera, Indonesia. A total 195 pregnant women attending at each public health center were enrolled in the present study from September 2017 to March 2018. Information regarding demographic characteristics, obstetrical history, physical activity, calorie intake, and anthropometric was assessed through direct interview. GWG rates were determined based on recommendations of Institute of Medicine (IOM) 2009. Results Of the 195 pregnant women, more than half of the women were GWG inadequate 53.3%, adequate 34.4%, and excessive 12.3%. Prepregnancy BMI were overweight/obese 43.1%, normal 46.7%, underweight 10.3%. The multinomial logistic model indicates than women who were overweight or obese at pre-pregnancy were 17 times more likely to have excessive GWG rate (p-value < 0.01) as compared to women who were pre-pregnancy normal weight. Conclusions Women who were overweight/obese at pre-pregnancy were at-risk of having excessive GWG rate, which underlines the importance of targeting these women for pre-conception counseling or health education on GWG. Funding Sources Indonesian Danone Institute Foundation.
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Svensson, Åsa, Frida Renström, Les Bluck, Lauren Lissner, Paul W. Franks, and Christel Larsson. "Dietary intake assessment in women with different weight and pregnancy status using a short questionnaire." Public Health Nutrition 17, no. 9 (November 15, 2013): 1939–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013003042.
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AbstractObjectiveFirst, to evaluate the ability of a short dietary questionnaire (SDQ) to estimate energy intake (EI) on group and individual levels compared with total energy expenditure (TEE) measured by the doubly labelled water method. Second, to compare the SDQ's performance in estimating energy, nutrient and food intakes with a sixty-six-item FFQ used in large-scale Swedish epidemiological research.DesignCross-sectional.SettingUmeå, Sweden.SubjectsIn total, sixty-five non-pregnant women, of whom thirty-one were overweight or obese, and twenty-five pregnant, normal-weight women completed the protocol.ResultsOn average, the SDQ captured 78 % and 79 % of absolute TEE in the non-pregnant and pregnant normal-weight women, respectively. Furthermore, the SDQ captured an average of 57 % of TEE in the overweight/obese non-pregnant women. The Spearman correlation of EI and TEE was significant in the overweight and obese women only (ρ = 0·37, 95 % CI 0·02, 0·64). There was no significant difference between the SDQ and the more extensive FFQ in the ability to assess EI when compared with TEE. Intakes of most nutrients and foods were significantly higher when assessed with the SDQ compared with the FFQ.ConclusionsA new short dietary questionnaire with an alternative design underestimated EI of non-pregnant and pregnant, overweight and obese women on a group level but was able to rank the overweight/obese women according to EI. Furthermore, the short questionnaire captured as much or more of the energy, nutrient and food intakes of non-pregnant normal-weight and overweight/obese women on the group level as a traditional, more extensive FFQ.
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Rudic-Grujic, Vesna, Milkica Grabez, Stela Stojisavljevic, Budimka Novakovic, and Snjezana Popovic-Pejicic. "Pre-prepregnancy body mass index and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 145, no. 5-6 (2017): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh160411036r.
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Introduction/Objective. Not only do pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity increase the risk of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes but they also lead to the development of gestational diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity in the Republic of Srpska and to investigate its association with hyperglycemia and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out during the period from February to October 2012 among 555 pregnant women in gestational period from 24 to 28 weeks. The criterion for exclusion from the sample was previously diagnosed type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Results. Before pregnancy, 20.39% of participants had increased body mass index, while 4.04 % [95% confidence interval (CI); 2.62?6.13] were obese. Gestational diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in 10.91% (95% CI, 8.44?13.98) of them. The increase in body mass index by 1 increased the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus by 1.09 times [odds ratio (OR) = 1.09; 95% CI; 1.02?1.16]. Pregnant women who were overweight had a 4.88 times greater risk (OR = 4.88; 95% CI, 1.23?29.41) of developing gestational diabetes. Conclusion. Every fifth pregnant woman in this study was overweight or obese before pregnancy. The increase in body mass index by 1 increased the risk of gestational diabetes by 1.09 times (OR = 1.09; 95% CI; 1.02?1.16). Counselling is necessary for overweight and obese women planning pregnancy.
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Tarasenko, K. V. "Features of Pregnancy and Characteristics of Obstetric Pathology in Women with Obesity of Various Degrees and Physiological Weight." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 5, no. 6 (December 12, 2020): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs05.06.182.
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The medical and social significance of obesity in pregnant women lies in the high frequency of obstetric complications: miscarriage, preeclampsia, placental dysfunction, abnormal labor, obstetric hemorrhages, infectious and extragenital diseases in offspring that are programmed in utero. The purpose of the research was to analyze the course of pregnancy and to characterize obstetric pathology in women with obesity of various degrees and physiological body weight. Material and methods. To achieve this goal, we surveyed 369 pregnant women. Pregnant women with obesity were divided into three experimental groups: the first one consisted of 149 women with obesity of the 1st degree; the second group included 73 women with the 2nd degree obesity; the third group had 46 women with the 3rd degree obesity. The control group consisted of 101 women with physiological body weight (BMI = 18.5-25 kg/m2). Results and discussion. In the early term of pregnancy, the risk of miscarriage in women with obesity of different degrees was reliably higher by 2.1-2.9 times compared to the control group (p˂0.05). The risk of late miscarriage in groups of women with obesity of different degrees was 1.7-2.4 times higher than in the control group, although these differences were unreliable. There was also a clear tendency for the risk of preterm labor to increase by 1.4-1.7 times (p˃0.05) in obese women. There was a significant increase in the frequency of placental dysfunction in pregnant women with obesity of varying degrees, which was 1.3-1.8 times higher than the control values. An increase in the incidence of placental dysfunction in obese pregnant women manifested as an increase in the number of cases of fetal distress during pregnancy, the frequency of which increased in accordance with the severity of obesity. There was an increase in the incidence of early preeclampsia without statistical significance in women with the 2nd and 3rd degree obesity. Regarding preeclampsia, a significant increase in its frequency should be noted in obese pregnant women depending on the severity. Only women with 2nd and 3rd degree obesity had obstetric hemorrhage caused by premature detachment of the normally situated placenta. This complication was not observed in pregnant women of the control group and with the I degree obesity. Anemia of pregnancy was 1.5 times more common in women with I degree obesity and 1.4 times in women with the 2nd degree obesity, compared to the control group. In obese pregnant women, the frequency of asymptomatic bacteriuria increased in the 1st degree obesity by 1.6 times, in the 2nd and 3rd degrees by 1.2 and 1.4 times respectively compared to the control group. Conclusion. Thus, obesity is an aggravating factor of pregnancy, as evidenced by the increasing frequency of the most threatening complications for the mother and fetus such as miscarriage, placental dysfunction, preeclampsia, and obstetric hemorrhage compared to pregnant women with physiological body weight
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Spradley, Frank T., Ana C. Palei, Christopher D. Anderson, and Joey P. Granger. "Melanocortin-4 Receptor Deficiency Attenuates Placental Ischemia-Induced Hypertension in Pregnant Rats." Hypertension 73, no. 1 (January 2019): 162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.12028.
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Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disorder of new-onset hypertension linked to placental ischemia. While obesity is a major risk factor for preeclampsia, not all obese pregnant women develop pregnancy-induced hypertension or preeclampsia. Previously, we reported that placental ischemia-induced hypertension is dependent upon intact signaling of the sympathetic nervous system. Moreover, in various models of obesity, blockade of MC4R (melanocortin-4 receptor) signaling protects against the development of hypertension via suppression of the sympathetic nervous system. Less is known about this pathway during obese pregnancy. Although blockade of MC4R may lead to increased body weight during pregnancy, we tested the hypothesis that placental ischemia-induced hypertension is attenuated in obese MC4R-deficient pregnant rats. On gestational day 14, MC4R wild-type or heterozygous-deficient (MC4R-def) rats were subjected to chronic placental ischemia via the reduced uterine perfusion pressure procedure or Sham surgery then examined on gestational day 19. In Sham MC4R-def versus Sham wild-type pregnant rats, there was increased body weight, fat mass, and circulating leptin levels but they had similar fetus weights. Reduced uterine perfusion pressure reduced fetus weights in both strains. Reduced uterine perfusion pressure increased blood pressure in wild-type rats but this response was significantly attenuated in MC4R-def rats, although blood pressure was elevated in Sham MC4R-def over Sham wild-type. These data indicate that while obese MC4R-def pregnant rats have higher blood pressure during pregnancy, placental ischemia-induced hypertension is attenuated in obese MC4R-def pregnant rats. Thus, obese women with abnormal MC4R signaling may be less susceptible to the development of placental ischemia-induced hypertension.
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Szczuko, Małgorzata, Justyna Kikut, Dominika Maciejewska, Danuta Kulpa, Zbigniew Celewicz, and Maciej Ziętek. "The Associations of SCFA with Anthropometric Parameters and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Pregnant Women." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 23 (December 3, 2020): 9212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239212.
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Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) mediate the transmission of signals between the microbiome and the immune system and are responsible for maintaining balance in the anti-inflammatory reaction. Pregnancy stages alter the gut microbiota community structure, which also synthesizes SCFAs. The study involved 90 pregnant women, divided into two groups: 48 overweight/obese pregnant women (OW) and 42 pregnant women with normal BMI (CG). The blood samples for glucose, insulin, and HBA1c were analyzed as well as stool samples for SCFA isolation (C2:0; C3:0; C4:0i; C4:0n; C5:0i; C5:0n; C6:0i; C6:0n) using gas chromatography. The SCFA profile in the analyzed groups differed significantly. A significant positive correlation between C2:0, C3:0, C4:0n and anthropometric measurements, and between C2:0, C3:0, C4:0n, and C5:0n and parameters of carbohydrate metabolism was found. SCFA levels fluctuate during pregnancy and the course of pregnancy and participate in the change in carbohydrate metabolism as well. The influence of C2:0 during pregnancy on anthropometric parameters was visible in both groups (normal weight and obese). Butyrate and propionate regulate glucose metabolism by stimulating the process of intestinal gluconeogenesis. The level of propionic acid decreases with the course of pregnancy, while its increase is characteristic of obese women, which is associated with many metabolic adaptations. Propionic and linear caproic acid levels can be an important critical point in maintaining lower anthropometric parameters during pregnancy.
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Nagourney, Emily M., Dina Goodman, Yukyan Lam, Kristen M. Hurley, Janice Henderson, and Pamela J. Surkan. "Obese women’s perceptions of weight gain during pregnancy: a theory-based analysis." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 12 (May 28, 2019): 2228–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019000703.
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AbstractObjective:Excess gestational weight gain (GWG) in obese women is linked to adverse maternal outcomes and is particularly pervasive among African Americans, who have the highest obesity rates in the USA. A better understanding of culturally relevant attitudes and perceptions of GWG is needed to develop targeted interventions to prevent excess GWG among this group.Design:Using the constructs of Social Cognitive Theory, we explored attitudes and perceptions surrounding diet and exercise among low-income obese African-American pregnant women in Baltimore. We conducted twenty-one semi-structured in-depth interviews with pregnant adult women.Setting:Participants were recruited from a referral clinic for obese pregnant women at a large urban hospital in Baltimore, MD, USA.Participants:Twenty-one low-income African-American adult females in the first two trimesters of pregnancy with BMI > 30·0 kg/m2.Results:Lack of knowledge was not the main obstacle to healthy behaviours during pregnancy. Rather, food cravings and fatigue, an unhealthy physical food environment, limited self-efficacy for controlling excessive GWG, and a lack of adequate emotional and informational support impacted women’s agency. While digital technology was discussed as a vehicle to promote maintenance of a healthy weight in pregnancy, further research is needed to test how it can be used to empower women to engage in healthy behaviours during pregnancy.Conclusion:Interventions to prevent excess GWG among African-American pregnant women should harness support from partners and family and must go beyond sharing of clinical knowledge to also include strategies that improve the food environment, diet quality and self-efficacy.
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Gureeva, L. V., O. M. Chistyakova, E. K. Paramonova, and O. V. Radkov. "Influence of Tocolytic Therapy with Hexoprenaline on Heart Rate Variability, Lipid Spectrum and Glycemic Level in Obese Pregnant Women." Acta Biomedica Scientifica 6, no. 1 (April 10, 2021): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29413/abs.2021-6.1.1.
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Background. Obesity is associated with the risk of spontaneous preterm birth. Hexoprenaline is the effective and most widely used tocolytic agent, possessing however a significant number of side effects. The effect of hexoprenaline tocolysis on heart rate variability, lipid spectrum and glycaemia level in obese pregnant women remain unexplored.Aim of the research. To study the effect of tocolytic therapy with hexoprenaline on heart rate variability, lipid spectrum and glycemic level in obese pregnant women.Materials and methods. The study included two groups of pregnant women with threatened preterm labor who received tocolysis with hexoprenaline. One group consisted of 68 obese patients, the other – 72 non-obese pregnant women (control group). Patients underwent Holter monitoring. Fasting serum glucose and lipids spectrum were measured before starting tocolytic therapy and after 24 hours of tocolysis.Results. In obese pregnant women with hexoprenaline infusion, the heart rate, the 24-hours number of supraventricular extrasystoles and ventricular extrasystoles during the day are significantly higher. Frequency domain parameters, very low frequency during the day, low frequency at night and 24-hours high frequency were significantly decreased than in control group. After a day of tocolysis in obese pregnant women, the level of total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins, triglycerides, and glucose significantly increases when compared with the results before therapy. For patients in the control group treated with hexoprenaline, only the concentration of high-density lipoproteins is increased.Conclusion. Obesity in pregnant women receiving hexoprenaline tocolysis is associated with low heart rate variability and an increase in the number of cardiac arrhythmias, as well as lipid disorders and an increase in glucose level.
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Kanbe, Chalank, Ali Galleb, and Hanaa Al –Ani. "The Effect of Body Mass Index on the Outcome of Pregnancy." Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences 3, no. 2 (October 17, 2020): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32441/kjps.03.02.p7.
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Obesity is one of the most common nutritional problems of complicating pregnancy.Compared with normal-weight women, obese women have a greater risk of developing.complications during pregnancy Objective: The aim of this study is to compare maternal outcome of pregnancy in relation to .body mass index .Study design: Prospective study.Setting: Kirkuk General Hospital, from 1st of January 2017 to the end of June 2017 Patients and methods: A total number of 150 pregnant women are included in this study. The studied women are divided into three groups according to their BMI of; first group with BMI from (18.5kg/m2-24.9kg/m2), the second group (25 kg/m2 to 29.9kg/m2), and the third group from 30kg/m2 and above. Each group consists of 50 pregnant women. Singleton pregnancy, both primigravida and multigravida of completed 37 weeks-42 weeks are included in this study. Women with previous caesarean section, women with history of severe hyperemesis gravidarum, pregnant women with heart diseases and thyroid disorders, generalized oedema,.blood diseases and autoimmune diseases are excluded from this study Results: In this study highly significant relation is found between hypertension and increase BMI (p=0.000). Equal number of diabetes mellitus is found in all groups 2% (p=1.000). It is noticed that history of infertility and intrauterine death rose with increasing BMI. The results shows that most of women with normal BMI delivered vaginally compared with overweight and obese women. While delivery by Cesarean section is more frequent in both over weight.)and obese pregnant women, the relation is highly significant (p= 0.000:Conclusions: Regarding the results of this study, the following can be concluded.High BMI significantly increases the risk of delivery by cesarean section Obesity is associated with increased incidence of hypertension, infertility, and IUD.
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Shembekar, Chaitanya A., Shantanu C. Shembekar, Manisha C. Shembekar, Parul Sharma Saoji, and Jayshree J. Upadhye. "Maternal body mass index: how much it affects mother and baby." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 3 (February 27, 2020): 1050. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20200873.
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Background: Overweight, obesity, and morbid obesity in the mother are associated with adverse obstetrics well as neonatal outcome. Aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and the impact of body mass index (BMI) on maternal and neonatal outcome.Methods: This is a retrospective study from January 2018 to September 2018 on 180 women with singleton term pregnancies. Maternal and neonatal outcomes at delivery were noted.Results: In present study, 3 (1.66%) pregnant women were underweight, 57 (31.66%) pregnant women had normal BMI, 71 (39.44%) pregnant women were overweight while 49 (27.22%) pregnant women were obese. Gestational weight gain was less than 8 kgs in 40 (22.22%) pregnant women, weight gain was 8-15.9 kgs in 132 (73.33%) pregnant women while weight gain was more than 16 kgs in 8 (4.44%) pregnant women. Out of 3 underweight women, 1 delivered by cesarean section and 2 had normal delivery, out of 57 women with normal BMI, 21 delivered by cesarean section and 36 had normal delivery, out of 71 overweight women, 47 delivered by cesarean section and 34 had normal delivery while out of 49 obese women, 38 delivered by cesarean section and 11 had normal delivery. PET and GDM was seen in 9 (7.5%) women each while macrosomia were seen in 5 (4.16%) women.Conclusions: Increased association was seen with maternal obesity and adverse outcome of pregnancy like PIH, GDM, cesarean section.
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Posokhova, S. P., S. V. Nikolaeva, and K. O. Nitoсhko. "Preeclampy prevention issues in women with obesity." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 4(150) (May 30, 2020): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2020.150.61.
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The objective: evaluation of the effectiveness of the prevention of preeclampsia in pregnant women with obesity using L-arginine during pregnancy Materials and methods. Materials and methods. The main group consisted of 38 obese women (1st century – 15th, 2nd century – 12th, 3rd century – 11), who were prescribed complex prevention of preeclampsia: from 12 weeks of pregnancy 150 mg of aspirin once a day, and from 16 weeks the solution L-arginine (Тivortin aspartate) 5 ml (1 g) 4 times a day for 2 months. The comparison group included 30 pregnant women with obesity of the II-III stage who did not receive preventive treatment. The control group consisted of 30 healthy pregnant women. By the beginning of prophylactic treatment and in the dynamics of all obese pregnant women, the level of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), placental growth factor (PlGF), arginine and leptin was determined in blood serum. Results. In pregnant women with obesity, already in the first trimester a significantly higher level of leptin is observed compared to the main group and the level of placental growth factor is significantly lower, which are significant triggers for the development of preeclampsia and other gestational complications. After the prophylactic treatment of pregnant women of the main group with L-arginine for 2 months (at 16–24 weeks), the following trends were observed: the level of L-arginine did not change, was constant. Leptin levels differed depending on the degree of obesity, but did not have a high critical value. A positive trend was the growth of placental growth factor in women of the main group, which indicated normal placentation and the prevention of early preeclampsia. Conclusions. Thus, in pregnant women of the main group, after comprehensive prevention of the development of preeclampsia with aspirin and L-arginine (Тivortin) for 2 months, the incidence of severe severe preeclampsia decreased by 4.4 times, which is a favorable factor in maintaining a woman’s health and reducing perinatal losses. Additional L-arginine in the diet reduced the frequency of preeclampsia in pregnant women with obesity, contributing to vasodilation due to increased production of nitric oxide, may be one of the positive factors of pathogenetic treatment. Keywords: pregnancy, obesity, preeclampsia, leptin, nitric oxide, L-arginine.
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Mydam, Janardhan, Laila Younes, Mohammed Siddiqui, and Thana Tarsha. "Death from COVID-19 in a Hispanic postpartum woman and review of the literature." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 7 (July 2021): e242819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-242819.
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There is still much we do not know about the impact of COVID-19 on the health of pregnant and postpartum women and pregnancy outcomes. Current evidence suggests that there is biological plausibility for worse outcomes among this population. This case report details the clinical care given to a postpartum Hispanic and obese woman diagnosed with COVID-19 in April 2020. We report the care she and her newborn received and her progression through the virus. We discuss the current knowledge surrounding COVID-19 among pregnant and postpartum women. While research supports COVID-19 outcomes being comparable to the general population, there is limited research in this area. Clinical trials, acting on the side of caution, have tended to exclude pregnant women from participation. Therefore, there is a need for further research that can inform evidence-based policy decisions related to COVID-19 in pregnant and postpartum women.
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Davenport, Margie H., Sarah Charlesworth, Dana Vanderspank, Maggie M. Sopper, and Michelle F. Mottola. "Development and validation of exercise target heart rate zones for overweight and obese pregnant women." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 33, no. 5 (October 2008): 984–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h08-086.
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Validated target heart rate (THR) zones for exercise prescription for overweight and obese pregnant women have not been developed. The purposes of this study were to determine if heart rate reserve (HRreserve) is best described by aerobic capacity at peak exercise or by aerobic capacity reserve (VO2 reserve) and to develop and validate THR zones for light-intensity exercise (20%–39%VO2 reserve) in sedentary overweight and obese pregnant women. One hundred six women between 16 and 20 weeks gestation with medical clearance performed a progressive treadmill test to volitional fatigue (peak). Data from every 4th subject were used for cross-validation. Two linear regression equations were performed for each subject, then pooled to obtain mean group values (± SD): %HRreserve vs. %VO2 peak and %HRreserve vs. %VO2 reserve. THR zones equivalent to 20%–39%VO2 reserve were developed and validated based on the strongest relationship. %HRreserve had a stronger linear relationship with %VO2 reserve (y = 1.046x –7.561; R2 = 0.741) than %VO2 peak (y = 1.259x –28.795; R2 = 0.604). Validated THR ranges for sedentary overweight and obese pregnant women are 102–124 beats·min–1 (20–29 years of age) and 101–120 beats·min–1 (30–39 years of age), representing an exercise intensity of 20%–39%VO2 reserve as recommended by the American College of Sports Medicine for previously sedentary pregnant women. Overweight and obese women who are medically prescreened can exercise during pregnancy within our validated THR zones. The relationship between HR and VO2 remains strong, but the two are not equivalent in this population group.
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Thangaratinam, Shakila. "Diet and lifestyle interventions for obese pregnant women." Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 3, no. 10 (October 2015): 748–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00253-3.
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Pitts, D'Angela S., Patricia Greco, and Louise M. O'Brien. "693: Obstructive sleep apnea among obese pregnant women." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 220, no. 1 (January 2019): S457—S458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2018.11.716.
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Barr, SM, and JE Norman. "Adipokines in healthy lean and obese pregnant women." Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 97, Suppl 1 (April 2012): A32.3—A33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/fetalneonatal-2012-301809.104.
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Barr, SM, S. Forbes, NM Morton, BR Walker, and JE Norman. "Insulin sensitivity in healthy morbidly obese pregnant women." Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 97, Suppl 1 (April 2012): A33.1—A33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/fetalneonatal-2012-301809.105.
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Reither, Margi, Elaine Germano, and Michele DeGrazia. "Midwifery Management of Pregnant Women Who Are Obese." Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health 63, no. 3 (May 2018): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jmwh.12760.
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