Relevant bibliographies by topics / Obesity in females

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Obesity in females'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 23 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Obesity in females"

1

Schwartz, Frances. "Obesity in Adult Females." AAOHN Journal 41, no. 10 (1993): 504–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507999304101005.

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Sanaa Jameel Thamer. "The Anthropometric and Biochemical Parameters in Normal Weight-Central Obesity Females." Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 15, no. 4 (2021): 3060–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.17238.

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Central obesity is abdominal fat that accumulates and affects the health status. The present study aimsto estimate some blood biomarkers among normal-weight females with central obesity and determinethe prevalence of central obesity. The method: healthy females with normal body weight and age groupof (33-44 y) have participated and their body anthropometric parameters were determined. The Navyformula detected the body composition. Serum glucose, lipid profile, insulin, and cortisol hormonewere tested. The results: a high prevalence has been found of the central obesity among females withnormal weight (71.098%). Central obesity is characterized by increasing WC, WHR, and WHtR withhigh-fat percentage and fat mass (40.55%, 25.6 kg) than females without central obesity (31.5%, 19.4kg, respectively). The central obesity females showed significant elevation in serum glucose 8.937mmol/L, insulin 177.884 pmol/L, and HOMI 10.216 with dyslipidemia than the ones with the noncentralobesity. A high significant cortisol level (29.126 μg/dl) was observed in the normal weightcentral obesity group. Conclusions: the incidence of central obesity among normal-weight females hasbeen associated with changes in some blood profiles, which may contribute to increasing adiposityrelatedrisk factors and health outcomes and the effect on body shape.
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Omotola, Oluwabukola, Sandra Legan, Emily Slade, Ayooluwatomiwa Adekunle, and Julie S. Pendergast. "Estradiol regulates daily rhythms underlying diet-induced obesity in female mice." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 317, no. 6 (2019): E1172—E1181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00365.2019.

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The circadian system is a critical regulator of metabolism and obesity in males, but its role in regulating obesity in females is poorly understood. Because there are sex differences in the development of obesity and susceptibility to obesity-related disorders, we sought to determine the role of estrogens in regulating the circadian mechanisms underlying diet-induced obesity. When fed high-fat diet, C57BL/6J male mice gain weight, whereas females are resistant to diet-induced obesity. Here, we demonstrate that estradiol regulates circadian rhythms in females to confer resistance to diet-induced obesity. We found that ovariectomized females with undetectable circulating estrogens became obese and had disrupted daily rhythms of eating behavior and locomotor activity when fed a high-fat diet. The phase of the liver molecular circadian rhythm was also altered by high-fat diet feeding in ovariectomized mice. Estradiol replacement in ovariectomized females a fed high-fat diet rescued these behavioral and tissue rhythms. Additionally, restoring the daily rhythm of eating behavior in ovariectomized females with time-restricted feeding inhibited diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Together, these data suggest that the circadian system is a target for treating obesity and its comorbidities in women after menopause, when circulating levels of estrogens are too low to protect their circadian rhythms.
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Yashin, D. A., O. F. Kalev, N. G. Kaleva, and L. M. Yashina. "Prevalence of excessive body weight and obesity among industrial enterprise workers according to long-term studies." Kazan medical journal 93, no. 3 (2012): 529–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1886.

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Aim. To assess the dynamics of the prevalence of excessive body weight (pre-obesity) and obesity, to identify gender differences among the workers of an industrial enterprise in the period 1994-2010. Methods. Population-based cross-sectional complex preventive studies of 2566 industrial workers (1579 males and 987 females) aged 18-64 years in order to identify the non-infectious diseases were conducted in 1994, 1999 and 2000. Pre-obesity, obesity and other risk factors were assessed according to the criteria of the program on Countrywide Integrated Noncommunicable Diseases Intervention of the World Health Organization and according to Russian recommendations regarding the metabolic syndrome. Results. The prevalence of excessive body weight (35.3%) and obesity (12.2%) in 2010 for males was significantly higher than in 1999 (31.1 and 7.7% respectively), the prevalence of obesity alone among them was significantly higher in 2010 than in 1994. In females the prevalence of obesity in 2010 was significantly higher than in 1999 (26.7 and 19.9% respectively) with no significant differences in the frequency pre-obesity (34.0 and 39.6% respectively). The prevalence of pre-obesity and obesity among females in 2010 did not differ significantly from such in 1994. Conclusion. Revealed was an increase in the prevalence of pre-obesity and obesity in males and females in the period from 1999 to 2010; mean body mass indices and frequency of pre-obesity and obesity in females were significantly higher than in males at all periods of the prospective study.
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Chanak, Mahua, and Kaushik Bose. "A Cross-sectional study on blood pressure and obesity among rural adults of Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India." Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria XXIII. Antropologia), no. 4 (December 21, 2021): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32521/2074-8132.2021.4.019-028.

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Background. Obesity is considered a major health problem in both developed and developing coun-tries. Both hypertension and obesity are accountable for the increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and often they occur together. The objective of the present study was to know the prevalence of overall obesity (BMI≥25.0) and hypertension among rural adults. The present study determined the age trend on obesity and hypertension among rural adults of Daspur I block, Paschim Medinipur. Materials and methods. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 805 rural adults (Males=396; Females=409) of Daspur I block, Paschim Medinipur district, West Bengal, from August to December 2019. Results. In the present study, the total prevalence of overall obesity was 22.4% (19.7% in males and 24.9% in females) and hypertension was 36.8% (32.8% in males and 40.6% in females). The prevalence of both obesity and hypertension was much higher in case of female participants. Obesity was more among middle-aged males and females. There was a significant association between obesity and blood pressure. Conclusion. Our study revealed a high prevalence of obesity and hypertension among rural adults. In overall, the risk of obesity and hypertension was greater in females. There was a significant association be-tween age and being obese and hypertensive.
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Sarvottam, Kumar, Prabhat Ranjan, and Umashree Yadav. "Age group and gender-wise comparison of obesity indices in subjects of Varanasi." Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 64 (July 31, 2020): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_103_2020.

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Objectives: Deposition of body fat may differ in different age groups and gender-wise differences are also likely. The present study aims to evaluate age- and gender-wise differences in obesity parameters in healthy subjects of both genders of Varanasi. Materials and Methods: Anthropometric measurements were performed in 346 subjects reported in health check-up camp. Parameters were compared between each age group for males and females separately as well as gender-wise comparison for each age group was also performed. Regression analysis was performed to observe the relationship of age with obesity parameters and body mass index (BMI) with other parameters of obesity. Results: Both males and females had central obesity with males having higher waist circumference (WC) than females (P = 0.002) while females had higher body fat (fat %) (P = 0.000). Obesity indices of males of age group of 18–29 years were lesser as compared to other age groups. Obesity indices of female subjects were comparable in 18–39 years of age. Age group of 30–39 and 50–59 years males had higher WC than females (P = 0.002, 0.016, respectively) while fat % of females in each age group were significantly higher than males of corresponding age groups. Positive correlation of age with obesity parameters and BMI with WC and fat % was observed. Conclusion: Gender-wise differences in BMI, WC, WHtR and fat % tend to increase with age, indicative of increase in adiposity and central obesity with progressing age. Males in general have higher WC than females but lesser fat %. Gender differences in obesity may show age group specific variations. Findings of the study may be useful for identifying age specific distribution of obesity indices in males and females.
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Milisic, Lejla, Sandra Vegar-Zubovic, Amina Valjevac, and Suada Hasanovic-Vučković. "Bone Mineral Density Assessment by DXA vs. QCT in Postmenopausal Females with Central Obesity." Current Aging Science 13, no. 2 (2020): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874609812666190912155525.

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Objectives: Although Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) is gold standard for osteoporosis diagnosis, several reports have shown discordant T-score values measured by Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT) and DXA especially in obese subjects, but it is still not clear whether BMD measurement by two modalities is affected by overall obesity or central obesity in postmenopausal females. Therefore, the aims of this study were to compare BMD and T-scores by DXA and QCT and to evaluate whether these two osteoporosis assessment modalities yield different T-score values in postmenopausal females with obesity and central obesity. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 44 postmenopausal females, referred for osteoporosis screening. Anthropometric indices (BMI-body mass index, WC-waist circumference and ICOindex of central obesity) were measured and females underwent an assessment of bone mineral density by DXA and QCT. Results: Lumbar Spine (LS) T-score values were observed to be significantly lower by DXA compared to qCT in females with BMI >25 kg/m2, (-1.9±1.5 vs. -2.3±1.2; p=0.039), in females with WC>88 cm(-1.9±1.5 vs. -2.4±1.2; p=0.008) and in females with ICO>0.5(-1.96±1.4 vs. -2.5±1.2; p=0.004). However, in normal-weight females and in those without central obesity, LS T-scores by DXA were not different than qCT. DXA at lumbar spine and proximal femur revealed osteoporosis in 47.7% and 11.4% respectively, while QCT detected osteoporosis in 61.4% of females (p<0.001). Measures of central obesity; ICO and WC were not associated with QCT bone mineral density (BMD) (r=0.14 and r=0.21, respectively), but were positively associated with both DXALS BMD (r=0.29 and r=0.31; p<0.05) and DXA proximal femur BMD (r=0.41 and r=0.44; p<0.01). Conclusion: Our results suggest that obesity is associated with lower T-scores by DXA compared to QCT. Caution is needed when assessing osteoporosis status in obese postmenopausal females. However, further studies with larger sample size are needed to confirm the findings.
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Das, Chandan Kumar, and Jayanta Kumar Nayak. "Prevalence of obesity among adults of Koraput district, Odisha: An anthropological study." International Journal of Academic Research and Development 3, no. 2 (2018): 300–305. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4678411.

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<strong>Introduction:</strong> Health of adult is the greatest challenge in the 21st century. People from rural as well as urban settings are now prone to more health risks which decreases the individual output, earning capacity, mental illness and quality of life due to overweight and obesity. Koraput is the southern district of Odisha comes under KBK region which is always a focal point for development and healthcare issues. <strong>Objectives: </strong>The main objectives of the study were to quantify obesity among the adults of Koraput and to correlate the age with height, body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, Body Mass Index, Rohrer Index, waist-hip ratio, and Conicity index. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in three different villages of Koraput district. Both adult males and females (18 years and above) were selected randomly. Revised Body Mass Index (BMI) cut off values for Asian Indians, waist-hip ratio, Rohrer Index, and Conicity Index were taken into consideration for quantifying obesity. Proper measurements like height, body weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference with standardised instruments were also taken with minimum clothing. <strong>Results: </strong>According to BMI and Rohrer Index, males are more obese (21.73% and 42.03%) than females (11.39%, and 37.98%). But concerning the central obesity indices like waist-hip ratio, and Conicity Index, the prevalence of obesity is higher in females (46.84%, and 98.10%) than males (20.29%, and 86.96%). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Females are dominatingly obese than males as per central obesity indices. Larger family size, hand to mouth economy striving for more work burden leading to unbalanced and improper dietary pattern is being the root cause of obesity. Challenging socioeconomic factors as well as transforming life style has raised obesity among the adults of Koraput district.&nbsp;
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Paul, Sudip, Md Solayman, Puja Biswas, Moumoni Saha, and Md Sabir Hossain. "Obesity and Hypertension in Students of Jahangirnagar University: Alarming Issues." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 4, no. 3 (2015): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v4i3.4728.

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The prevalence of obesity and hypertension (HTN) in university students of Bangladesh has not reported yet. Considering the proper health maintenance of this population in mind, the study was aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity and HTN as well as relationship among them in the students of a residential university of Bangladesh, Jahangirnagar University. This descriptive cross sectional study included 500 randomly selected students (250 males and 250 females). Participants completed a questionnaire on physical activity, sedentary behaviour, dietary factors, smoking and family history of obesity, HTN, and coronary artery disease. Blood pressure and anthropometric parameters such as height, weight, waist and hip circumferences were measured following standard procedure. The Statistical analyses were performed using the software SPSS.The prevalence of overweight was 25% (31.1% males, 15.6% females) and obesity 7.2% (9.4% males, 4% females). Pre-HTN was found at 27.1% (38% males, 11.2% females) and HTN at 2.2% (3.3% males, 0.4% females). A high rate of smoking, sedentary behavior, physical inactivity, excessive consumption of unhealthy food, and caffeine-rich drinks was also observed. Significant correlation was found between parameters of obesity and HTN. High prevalence of pre-HTN in males and central obesity in females were found which is immediately needed to control for better health maintenance of this population.
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Paul, Sudip, Md Solayman, Puja Biswas, Moumoni Saha, and Md Sabir Hossain. "Obesity and Hypertension in Students of Jahangirnagar University: Alarming Issues." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 4, no. 3 (2015): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/.v4i3.4728.

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The prevalence of obesity and hypertension (HTN) in university students of Bangladesh has not reported yet. Considering the proper health maintenance of this population in mind, the study was aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity and HTN as well as relationship among them in the students of a residential university of Bangladesh, Jahangirnagar University. This descriptive cross sectional study included 500 randomly selected students (250 males and 250 females). Participants completed a questionnaire on physical activity, sedentary behaviour, dietary factors, smoking and family history of obesity, HTN, and coronary artery disease. Blood pressure and anthropometric parameters such as height, weight, waist and hip circumferences were measured following standard procedure. The Statistical analyses were performed using the software SPSS.The prevalence of overweight was 25% (31.1% males, 15.6% females) and obesity 7.2% (9.4% males, 4% females). Pre-HTN was found at 27.1% (38% males, 11.2% females) and HTN at 2.2% (3.3% males, 0.4% females). A high rate of smoking, sedentary behavior, physical inactivity, excessive consumption of unhealthy food, and caffeine-rich drinks was also observed. Significant correlation was found between parameters of obesity and HTN. High prevalence of pre-HTN in males and central obesity in females were found which is immediately needed to control for better health maintenance of this population.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Obesity in females"

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Ahuja, Manik, Thiveya Sathiyaseelan, Rajvi J. Wani, and Praveen Fernandopulle. "Obesity, Food Insecurity, and Depression among Females." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8844.

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Background: Nutritional psychiatry is an emerging field of research and it is currently exploring the impact of nutrition and obesity on brain function and mental illness. Prior studies links between obesity, nutrition and depression among women. However, less is known how food insecurity may moderate that relationship. Methods: Data were employed from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES), 2001-2003. Two logistic regression models were Logistic regression was used to determine the association between obesity, gender, food insecurity, and past year Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). We then stratified by gender, and tested the association between obesity and past year MDD, and if food insecurity moderated the association. Results: Obesity was associated with an increased risk for past year Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) among females (AOR = 1.35; 95% CI 1.17-1.55) and was not associated among males (AOR = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.86-1.32). Women who reported that reported both obesity and food insecurity reported higher odds of past year MDD episode (AOR = 3.16; 95% CI, 2.36-4.21, than women who did not report food insecurity (AOR = 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02-1.38). Conclusion: With rising rates of mental health problems, females should be closely monitored to understand how poor diets, food insecurity, and obesity play a role in mental health outcomes. It is recommended that clinicians and treatment providers consider the patient's diet and access to nutritious foods when conducting their assessment.
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Al-Hamad, Nawal Mejren. "Determinants and consequences of obesity in adult Kuwaiti females." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1999. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/1035348/.

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From the early fifties, the economic upheaval created by the oil boom brought rapid changes in the traditional life style of the Kuwaiti people that resulted in a more sedentary lifestyle with high food availability and overnutrition. This led to an increase in overweight and obesity, which has become a major public health problem. A representative random sample of 324 adult Kuwaiti females aged 20-60 years were selected in a cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence of obesity, its characteristics, determinants, contributing factors, and relation to other co-morbidity. The sample was drawn from health centre registration files between May 1996 to October 1997. Data was collected by using: a semi-structured questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical analysis of blood samples. Thirty-nine percent of the participants were in the 30-39 year age group, 73% were married, and 56% were at the medium level of education. Fifty-six percent of the participants had a BMI ::: 30.0 and the lean BMI was 32.0. Of these, 56% had a medium level of education, 58% were working and 77% were married. The mean WHR and we were 0.87 and 96 cm respectively and there was linear relationship between we and age as well as maternal characteristics. Body fat was positively associated with age, BMI, waist circumference, and WHR. Eighty-five percent of those in 20.:.29, 87% of those in the 30-39 and 98% of the 40+ age group had more than 33% of their body weight as fat. Thirty-one percent of the participants had arthritis, 25% had hypertension, and 18% had diabetes mellitus. A quarter of the participants had borderline high, and 15% had high levels of serum cholesterol. Of these, over 60% had BMI ::: 30.0. Twenty-three percent had high LDL, 9% had low HDL, and 3% high levels of serum triglycerides. Multivariate analysis have shown that, after controlling for all the variables, that increase in age and returning to pre-pregnancy weight were the main independent contributing factors to the risk of obesity. Almost half the participants underestimated their weight status, and only 28% considered their actual weight to be appropriate for them. Furthermore, 61 % of the participants reported that they thought that their husbands would categorise their weight into categories less than their actual weight categories.
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STEINEGGER, CATHLEEN M. "EMOTIONAL EATING IN ADOLESCENT FEMALES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1116009370.

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Rosenquist, Lawrence Karl. "Life satisfaction of elderly females who are overweight as compared to elderly females of ideal weight." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277135.

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A descriptive study was done to determine the difference in life satisfaction of elderly females who were overweight as compared to elderly females of ideal weight. The sample consisted of 30 females, aged 60 to 80, who were living in the community. No differences in life satisfaction scores were found between the overweight and ideal weight elderly females. The elderly females who were identified as being overweight had a mean life satisfaction score of 14.8 with a standard deviation of 2.45. Elderly females of ideal weight had a mean life satisfaction score of 15.9 with a standard deviation of 2.12. Major differences in summated results of selected demographic variables were not found for the elderly females who were overweight as compared to the elderly females of ideal weight. Findings from the study and implications for nursing are discussed. Recommendations for further research are included.
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Peterson, Jonathan M., Roy Marshall Wagner, Kamesh Sivagnanam, and W. Andrew Clark. "Divergent Response of Circulating CTRP3 Levels to Obesity Between Males and Females." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2511.

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Al, Hourani Huda Mustafa. "Nutritional factors associated with obesity in adolescent females in the United Arab Emirates." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369948.

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Martin, Mandee E. "COMPARISON OF QUICK METHODS FOR DETERMINING BODY COMPOSITION IN FEMALE COLLEGIATE ATHLETES AND OBESE FEMALES." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/foodsci_etds/41.

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a tool used broadly by public health agencies to assess weight in populations. However, when differentiating between fat mass and fat free mass the formula (BMI = weight in kilograms/height in meters2) is not applicable. Research suggests that evaluating body fat percentage and adipose tissue deposition may provide a nuanced indication of overall health, making it more accurate on an individual basis. This study evaluated four methods (Body Mass Index, waist circumference, A Body Shape Index, and Waist to Stature Index) that assess body composition and their ability to predict body fat percentage in female collegiate athletes and overweight/obese females. The study also investigated if the CUN‐BAE formula could calculate body fat percentage accurately in comparison to air displacement plethysmography in both populations. The study found that the universality of these algorithms is uncertain in diverse populations and that the predictive power of anthropometric‐based formulas is inconsistent when considering body fat percentage.
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Bellace, Dara Lauren Wadden Thomas A. Lowe Michael R. "Predictors of attrition and weight loss in obese treatment-seeking males and females /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2005. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/462.

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Daly, Patricia. "Obese Adolescent Females and Actual Behavioral Responses to a Mindful Eating Intervention." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311457.

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Background: Adolescent obesity has tripled over the last three decades and is associated with an 80 percent risk of adult obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and decreased life expectancy. Current adolescent obesity medical recommendations include bariatric surgery and appetite suppressants which lower BMI, but present serious health risks. Nutrition and exercise interventions promote health, however, meta-analysis reveal do not lower BMI. Mindful eating, a behavioral skill, reconnecting eating to satiety cues, and has potential as an anti-obesity intervention which lowers BMI, while promoting health. Study Aims: Aim 1: To determine the effect of a mindful eating intervention compared to usual diet and exercise information on BMI of obese female adolescents. Aim 2: To determine if the effect of a mindful eating intervention on BMI of obese female adolescents is sustained over time. Aim 3: To determine the feasibility of conducting a group mindful eating intervention over six weeks for obese adolescent girls in their school setting. Methods: Obesity was measured by Body Mass Index (BMI) = Weight in Pounds / Height in inches x Height in inches x 703. The sample included adolescent females aged 14-17 years with BMI>90th%. Participants were randomized to an intervention group receiving a 6 week mindful eating intervention and a comparison group receiving the usual care of nutrition and physical activity handouts. Participants' BMI was measured at baseline, immediately post intervention and at 4 week follow up assessing intervention effectiveness. Results: ANOVA results demonstrate a statistically significant difference in BMI between the experimental and comparison groups F(1,2)=22.24, p<.001. On average, the experimental group's BMI decreased 0.71, whereas the comparison group's BMI increased by 1.1 over the 6 week intervention. The experimental group's BMI continued to decline at the 4 week follow up. Attrition from the study was 38%, below the 45% set feasibility threshold. A group mindful eating intervention over six weeks for obese adolescent girls was effective in lowering BMI sustained over time is feasible. Teaching the behavioral skill of mindful eating holds great promise for combatting obesity in adolescents. Future study should include a school based intervention with a larger more diverse sample.
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Hillman, Jennifer B. "The Association of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms with Obesity Among Adolescent Females: Looking Beyond Body Mass Index." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1211487188.

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Books on the topic "Obesity in females"

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Loosemore, Adele M. Mild-to-moderate obesity in North American females: A cultural phenomenon. Laurentian University, Department of Child and Development Studies, 1996.

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Hourani, Huda Mustafa Al. Nutritional factors associated with obesity in adolescent females in the United Arab Emirates. Oxford Brookes University, 2002.

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McAfee, Stephanie. Happily ever madder: Misadventures of a mad fat girl. New American Library, 2012.

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Lamm, Steven, and Jonathan Bekisz. The Obesity Epidemic and Sexual Health (DRAFT). Edited by Madeleine M. Castellanos. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190225889.003.0012.

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There are few conditions that have such wide-ranging effects on sexual function as obesity. Though many of the exact mechanisms are yet to be elucidated, its impacts on the cardiovascular, endocrine, and nervous systems, among others, bestow upon obesity an almost unrivaled ability to devastate the human sexual response. Further, the effects of obesity extend beyond the purely physiologic into the psychologic and have the ability to impair both males and females alike. The downstream sequelae of sexual dysfunction secondary to obesity can significantly impair an individual’s quality of life, affecting his or her self-esteem, opportunity to form and maintain meaningful relationships, and ability to reproduce if desired, all of which can further promote pro-obesogenic attitudes and behaviors. Thus there is tremendous incentive for appreciation and understanding of the complex interplay between obesity and sexual function, as well as their relation to an individual’s overall physical and mental health.
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The effect of an aerobic exercise program and two hypocaloric diets of different carbohydrate content on blood pressure and sodium balance in obese females. 1986.

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Powell, John J. The effects of different percentages of dietary fat intake, exercise, and calorie restriction on weight and body composition in obese females. 1991.

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Murray, S., and Samantha Murray. 'Fat' Female Body. Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.

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Murray, S. 'Fat' Female Body. Palgrave Macmillan Limited, 2008.

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Murray, S. 'Fat' Female Body. Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.

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Murray, S. The 'Fat' Female Body. Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Obesity in females"

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Repaci, Andrea, and Renato Pasquali. "Reproductive Disorders and Obesity in Males and Females and Focus on the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome." In Metabolic Syndrome. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11251-0_40.

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Repaci, Andrea, and Renato Pasquali. "Reproductive Disorders and Obesity in Males and Females and Focus on the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome." In Metabolic Syndrome. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12125-3_40-1.

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Varela, P., N. Slobodianik, A. Pallaro, et al. "Some Nutritional Parameters in Adolescent Females Suffering from Obesity or Anorexia nervosa: A Comparative Study." In World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics (Vol. 81 + 82). KARGER, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000059630.

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Hita-Contreras, Fidel. "Female Sarcopenic Obesity." In Postmenopausal Diseases and Disorders. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13936-0_27.

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Barber, Thomas M., Petra Hanson, and Stephen Franks. "The Impact of Hyperandrogenism in Female Obesity and Cardiometabolic Disease Associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome." In Obesity. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-62491-9_7.

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Ramalingam, Latha, Nishan Sudheera Kalupahana, Kalhara R. Menikdiwela, Chathura Ratnayake, and Naїma Moustaїd-Moussa. "Maternal Obesity and Its Epigenetic Effects." In The Active Female. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15485-0_31.

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Itriyeva, Khalida, and Ronald Feinstein. "Impact of Obesity on Female Puberty." In Abnormal Female Puberty. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27225-2_7.

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Jayo, J. M., C. Shively, T. Clarkson, and J. Kaplan. "Social Stress Effects on Regional Fat Distribution in Male and Female Monkeys." In Obesity Treatment. Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1901-0_28.

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Olatinwo, Moshood O., Djana Harp, Winston Thompson, Hyeong-Kyu Park, and Roland Mathews. "Impact of Obesity on Female Reproductive Health." In Metabolic Basis of Obesity. Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1607-5_17.

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Rose, David P. "Lipids, Obesity, and Female Reproductive Cancer." In Lipids and Women’s Health. Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3014-4_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Obesity in females"

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Chen, Hung-Chi, and Hsiang-Tsai Chiang. "EXPLORING THE OBESITY PREVALENCE AMONG TAIWANESE ADULTS FROM 2017 TO 2020: A STUDY ON ECONOMIC INCOME AND EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT." In SSHRA 2024 – Social Science & Humanities Research Association International Conference, 09-10 July, Bangkok. Global Research & Development Services, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/icssh.2024.333334.

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Purpose Existing research suggests that the prevalence of obesity varies by income and educational level, but patterns of income across different countries and regions may differ. Therefore, this study investigates the obesity prevalence among adults in Taiwan based on economic income and educational attainment, and identifies gender differences. Methods A total of 3481 adult males and 3510 adult females participated in the National Nutrition and Health Survey (years 2017-2020), providing data including height, weight, body fat percentage, education level, and income. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyse adjusted body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage based on income and education level, as well as the relationship between income, education, and overweight/obesity. Results In males, there was a significant interaction between income and weight standard (Trend, p &lt;0.05) and obesity (Trend, p &lt;0.05). Compared to the lowest income group, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals) for overweight and obesity were 1.45 (0.09, 2.12) and 1.25 (0.82 to 1.76) respectively, for the highest income group. However, in the fully adjusted model for females, the association between income and overweight/obesity was not significant, but there was an inverse trend between education level and obesity. Discussion Education level and income have a certain impact on the obesity prevalence among adults in Taiwan, with differences observed between genders in the prevalence of obesity.
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Elsayed, Fatma, Aram Alhammadi, Alanood Alahmad, Zahra Babiker, and Abdelhamid Kerkadi. "Relationship between Eating Patterns and Body Composition among Young Females in Qatar." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0219.

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The prevalence of obesity has been increased in Qatar, with the transition from healthy to unhealthy dietary habits. Behavioral factors that are associated with obesity are, long-term imbalanced energy intake, high screen time, skipping breakfast and physical inactivity. Changes in body composition and percent body fat (PBF) increase the risk of non-communicable disease. This study is the first study conducted in Qatar to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and body composition among young females at Qatar University. This cross-sectional study consisted of 766 healthy female students Qatari and non-Qatari aged from 18-26 years randomly selected from different colleges at Qatar University. A validate questionnaire was used in order to collect data about healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns. Anthropometric measurements involved body weight, height, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI) and body composition using “Seca285”, “Seca203” and “InbodyBiospace 720”. Dietary patterns were identified by using factor loading. Linear regression was used to estimate confidence intervals and regression coefficient. More than half of the participants had a normal weight (65.1%), whereas 22.8 % and 12.0% were overweight and obese, respectively. Fat mass, BMI and PBF were slightly increased with age, but there was no significant difference. Factor analysis identified two dietary patterns: unhealthy patterns and healthy patterns. The frequent intake of vegetables and fruits was significant among high PBF female students (p=0.045 and p=0.001, respectively). The frequent intake of fast food was higher for overweight female students but there was no significant difference (p=0.289), whereas, the frequent intake of sweetened beverages was associated with higher significant rate of normal weight among female students (p = 0.009). No significant relation was found between dietary patterns, BMI and PBF. In conclusion, body composition is not significantly associated with healthy and unhealthy eating patterns among young females.
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Scott, Hayley A., Peter Gibson, Manohar L. Garg, Joanne Smart, and Lisa G. Wood. "Fatty Acids And Obesity Differentially Affect Airway Inflammation In Males And Females With Asthma." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a5180.

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Ali Aziz, Hanaa. "Physiological Aspects of the Association Between Age, Gender, Vitamin D Levels and Obesity in The Iraqi Province of Al-Muthanna." In XII. International Scientific Congress of Pure, Applied and Technological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2024. https://doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress12-08.

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Background: Obesity is an excessive accumulation of body fat that poses significant health risks. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of obesity on gender, age, vitamin D deficiency, and other factors. The current investigation analyzed sixty samples. Twenty men and forty women, weighing between 70 and 100 kg, were included in the sample. They were between the ages of 25 and 55. According to the research, there is a statistically significant (P&lt;0.05) rise in females compared to males and in the 35–45 age range when compared to other age groups. Eventually, the study found that the amount of vitamin D had significantly decreased at (P&lt;0.05).
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Taha, Sawen, and Leweza Abbas. "Evaluation the Activity of Leptin and Oxyntomodulin in Obese, Overweight and Healthy Individuals." In 5th International Conference on Biomedical and Health Sciences. Cihan University-Erbil, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/biohs2024/paper.1386.

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Background and Objective: A high level of body fat is a chronic disorder known as obesity. It is unknown how gastrointestinal hormones and obesity are related. The human biological system has various neuroendocrine inputs for managing food intake, including effects on appetite regulation and satiety signals. One of the recent new parameters for evaluating obesity is serum Oxyntomodulin and Leptin which is thought to be due to a disruption in the levels of these hormones. The present study aimed to evaluate the gastrointestinal hormones and their impact in obese and non-obese individuals. Methods: This comparative study carried out at the Biochemistry Unit/ Basic Science College of Medicine-Hawler Medical University, from September 1st, 2021 to March 30th, 2022. A total number (76) participants Obese and non-Obese individuals (30-66 years) age ranged both males and females at (Hawler Cardiac Center, and Erbil’s Court). Fasting blood specimens were collected from participants. The following parameters were measured (OXM, and Leptin) along with (T.C, TGs, HDL, LDL, and VLDL). Results: In this study represented 39% Male, and 37% Female obese. Du to the BMI of participants, a significant association (P &lt; 0.001) observed between OXM, Leptin, and BMI, Pearson correlation analysis showed that Leptin was positively correlated with TG and VLDL (p&lt;0.05), a significant association of Leptin/OXM ratio, Leptin/BMI ratio and OXM/BMI ratio in obese Individuals. Conclusion: Due to low levels of OXM with high Leptin levels in obese individuals and strong relationship between these hormones and BMI, the findings from this study clearly show that body weight gain and increased hunger are linked to the effects of these hormones in obesity.
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Shahrokhisahneh, Behnaz. "Obesogenic Food Cues and Increasing Body Weight Among Adults’ Male and Female: A Cross-Sectional Study in Mysore City in South India." In 5th International Conference on Biomedical and Health Sciences. Cihan University-Erbil, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/biohs2024/paper.1263.

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The escalating prevalence of obesity globally underscores the urgency to investigate environmental contributors to obesogenic conditions. This study investigates the link between obesogenic food cues and increased body weight in Mysore city, South India, where such research is limited. A cross- sectional observational study with 444 adult participants was conducted. Data on socio-demographics, anthropometrics (weight and height) and exposure to food cues were collected. Our findings show a positive association between higher body weight and heightened responsiveness to obesogenic food cues, particularly among females. Food cues significantly impacted food perception and eating behaviors, especially in overweight and obese individuals. Principle Component Analysis revealed strong associations between food environments and body weight status. The findings emphasize the importance of targeted interventions addressing environmental influences on dietary behaviors for effective obesity prevention and management. Understanding the role of obesogenic food cues in shaping dietary habits is crucial for developing public health strategies, particularly in culturally diverse contexts like Mysore city, to promote healthier eating habits and combat obesity.
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Pastore, Dakota B., Tony Elias, Rafail Beshai, Kyrillos Girgis, Maziyar Daneshvar, and Keith Anacker. "Sex Differences in Outcomes Among Patients Undergoing Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair (TEVAR) Procedure: A Retrospective Cohort Study." In 28th Annual Rowan-Virtua Research Day. Rowan University Libraries, 2024. https://doi.org/10.31986/issn.2689-0690_rdw.stratford_research_day.18_2024.

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Introduction: There is limited data about sex differences in patients undergoing a thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) procedure. This study sought to examine the national inpatient sample (NIS) database to describe in-hospital outcomes by gender. Methods: The NIS was searched for hospitalizations of adult patients who underwent TEVAR in 2019 and 2020. For this cohort, female patients were identified, and pregnant patients were excluded. The primary outcome was inpatient mortality. Secondary outcomes included hospital length of stay (LOS), and total hospital charges (TOTHCG). Results: This study included 696 patients who underwent TEVAR. 255 (36.6%) females were identified, of which, 7 were pregnant and excluded from the study. Female patients who underwent TEVAR had higher prevalence of obesity (30.6% vs. 24.3%, p less than 0.001), smoking (28.1% vs. 22.3%, p less than 0.001), and CKD (5.2% vs. 4.2%, p less than 0.001). In-hospital mortality was higher among the female cohort (6.1% vs. 4.0%, p less than 0.001). On multivariable regression, females who underwent TEVAR were associated with higher odds of inpatient mortality (OR 1.210, 95% CI 1.091-1.342, p less than 0.001). Additionally, patients who underwent TEVAR and had ventricular arrythmias pay significantly more TOTHCG ($600,004 vs. $462,216, P less than 0.001) with longer LOS (23.5days vs. 15.7days, p less than 0.001). On secondary analysis it has shown patients with ventricular arrhythmias who underwent TEVAR had higher odds of having acute kidney injury, developing shock, arrhythmias and congestive heart failure exacerbation. Conclusion: In this nationally representative population‐based retrospective cohort study, female patients were associated with higher mortality and worse outcomes among patients undergoing TEVAR procedure.
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Bennett, William D., S. Ivins, J. Wu, N. E. Alexis, P. A. Bromberg, and Stephanie London. "Effect Of Obesity On Ozone-Induced Changes In Airway Function, Inflammation, And Reactivity In Adult Females." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a1742.

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Mohammed, Hero, Maryam Muhammed, Bana Abdulla, et al. "Impact of C-reactive Protein Levels and BMI in Patient with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome." In 5th International Conference on Biomedical and Health Sciences. Cihan University-Erbil, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/biohs2024/paper.1189.

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PCOS, short for polycystic ovarian syndrome, affects over 5% of women and is among the most prevalent conditions affecting reproduction. Obesity, hyperandrogenism, persistent anovulation, hyperinsulinemia, and infertility are the hallmarks of this complex disorder. There is a higher incidence of cardiovascular risk factors among women who have been diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Aims: Determining the relationship between BMI and C- reactive protein levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome was the objective of our study. Methods and Material: Between October 2022 and January 2023, Specimens were obtained from a cohort of 50 female individuals. Thirty of the fifty had PCO diagnoses from Gynecologists, and twenty were drawn from populations without a PCO diagnosis. The ages of all the females varied from 17 to over 40 years old. Statistical analysis used: The data was analyzed, and the p value was calculated using SPSS version 11.5 software. The statistical tests used were the Pearson chi-square test and t-test. Results: A considerable increase in both CRP and BMI was found in women who were diagnosed with PCO, as shown by the results of the present investigation. Conclusions: Women between the ages of 19 and 28 were more likely to have PCOS, and obesity was found to be a factor in both PCOS and a high BMI.
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Mohammed, Sara, Nosheen Meer, Saima Sheikh, and Abdelhamid Kerkadi. "Association between Sleep Duration, Food Consumption Patterns and Obesity among Adolescents in Qatar." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0221.

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Background: Recent research suggests that sleep duration contributes towards developing unhealthy dietary habits, which can lead to obesity. Further study in this field can provide a new direction in addressing this epidemic. Objective: To examine the association between sleep duration, food consumption pattern, and obesity in adolescents in Qatar. Hypothesis: Sleep duration and unhealthy dietary pattern may be positively correlated to obesity. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study including 1161 adolescents aged 14-19 years from a representative sample of independent secondary schools in the state of Qatar. Validated questionnaire was used to collect data on sleep duration and frequency of intake of foods. Sleep duration was classified as short (&lt; 6 hrs), sufficient (7-8 hrs) and long (&gt; 9 hrs). Anthropometric indicators included body weight, height and waist circumference (WC) that were measured using standardized procedures. General obesity was defined according to International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) ageand gender-specific body mass index (BMI) reference values. Agespecific cutoff values for WC were used to define abdominal obesity. Factor loading matrix was used to categorize healthy and unhealthy foods. The association between the study variables was assessed using multiple regression analysis. Results: The mean frequency of food consumption was lower for students of shorter sleep duration regardless of the day of the week. Students who reported long sleep duration had higher mean frequency of consumption of unhealthy food (fast food, French fries, cakes/donuts, candy/chocolates, sugar-sweetened beverages). Females showed an unhealthier eating pattern as compared to males. Multiple regression analysis revealed that as the WC and BMI increased, consumption of healthy eating pattern decreased by 25% and 10 % respectively (p&lt;0.001) Conclusion: Lack of sufficient sleep and decreased consumption of healthy foods have an association with increased risk of being obese among adolescents.
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Reports on the topic "Obesity in females"

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Gomis-Porqueras, Pere, Oscar A. Mitnik, Adrian Peralta-Alva, and Maximilian D. Schmeiser. The Effects of Female Labor Force Participation on Obesity. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2011.035.

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Comola, Margherita, Rokhaya Dieye, and Bernard Fortin. Heterogeneous peer effects and gender-based interventions for teenage obesity. CIRANO, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/tqag9043.

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This paper explores the role of gender heterogeneity in the social diffusion of obesity among adolescents and its policy implications. We propose a generalized linear social interaction model which allows for gender-dependent heterogeneity in peer effects through the channel of social synergy. We estimate the model using data on adolescent Body Mass Index and network-based interactions. Our results show that peer effects are gender-dependent, and male students are particularly responsive to the weight of their female friends. Our simulations indicate that female-tailored interventions are likely to be more effective than a gender-neutral approach to fight obesity in schools.
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Keshav, Dr Geetha, Dr Suwaibah Fatima Samer, Dr Salman Haroon, and Dr Mohammed Abrar Hassan. TO STUDY THE CORRELATION OF BMI WITH ABO BLOOD GROUP AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS. World Wide Journals, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijar/2405523.

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Introduction: Advancements and increase in access to healthcare have increased the life expectancy in India from 32 years in 1947 to almost 70 years currently. Due to robust vaccination and basic health programs, most of the communicable diseases are kept under control. The disease burden is now skewed towards non-communicable diseases. It is an established fact that body mass index (BMI) is a reliable predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life. Early prediction can decrease the disease load and enable early preventative measures. A more novel approach of connecting it with blood groups would yield profound results in predictability and subsequent management. This study was done to see correlation between BMI and known blood groups in order to predict the potential incidence of CVDs in medical students. Material and Method - A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Bhaskar Medical College from September 2022 - November 2022. The sample population included 150- 1st year medical students chosen by Randomized sampling method. BMI was calculated based as weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters (kg/m2). Discussion - Many studies conducted on the association of Blood groups with BMI yielded mixed and inconclusive results. On analysis of the data obtained from this study, O- positive blood group showed the highest inclination towards obesity i.e. 30 of the total participants. A-positive and B- positive blood groups were shown to have a lesser association with obesity i.e. 11 participants of the 150. These results were in accordance with a study done among female students by Shireen Javad et.al, nding blood group O to be the most prone to obesity.8 Incompatible to our results, a study conducted by Samuel Smith Isaac Okai et.al. found no signicant association between blood groups and BMI.10 Another study conducted by Christina Ravillo et.al. found that blood group O had the highest and blood group AB with lowest prevalence of obesity9. These ndings were similar to the results obtained in our study. To study the correlation of BMI with ABO blood group and Cardiovascula AIMS and OBJECTIVES Aim: - r risk among medical students. 1. Calculate and segregate the participants according to BM Objectives: - I using the standard formula provided by the WHO. 1. Determine Blood group using antisera 2. Evaluation of Lipid prole in obese individuals
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JUMAT, NURUL FARHANAH, Nuraliza Abdul Satar, Siti Hamimah Sheikh Abdul Kadir, and Nurul Raudzah Adib Ridzuan. Antioxidant effects of tocotrienol-rich fractions supplementation on obesity-induced oxidative stress in female reproductive system: A protocol for a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2024.10.0001.

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Lee, Jaeil, and Mi-Young Choi. Cross-cultural study of obesity regarding socio-cultural attitudes on appearance involvement and appearance management behaviors through clothing: 20s-30s female plus-size consumers. Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-939.

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Turner, Nigel E., Nicolas Trajtenberg, Steve Cook, Olga Sanchez de Ribera, Jing Shi, and Henrietta Bowden-Jones. A health inequality examination of problem gambling, substance abuse, mental health, and poverty in the United Kingdom; A secondary analysis and stakeholder interviews. Greo Evidence Insights, 2023. https://doi.org/10.33684/2024.003.

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Purpose: This project is focused on the social determinants of health associated with problem gambling and examined gambling-related disparities and the determinants of negative health outcomes. Social determinants include social class education, ethnic group, age, and sex (Elton-Marshall, et al., 2017). The main aims of the study were as follows: Aim 1: In this study, we used the large data set to determine subpopulations who are experiencing social inequity (e.g., youth, older adults, women, Black people and other minority ethnic groups, and people with low income; see Elton-Marshall, et al., 2017) to determine how much they are impacted by gambling. Aim 2: We tested the data as an interaction model to see if there are disparities in the impact of gambling by sociodemographic variables. The analysis included tests of the factorial structure of the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) across subpopulations (e.g., young vs. old, low-income vs. higher income, and Scotland vs England). Aim 3: In addition, we conducted interviews with a small number of key stakeholders who were treatment providers or administrators of problem gambling services to discuss the research findings and to help us understand the data and develop a dissemination plan. Methodology: This project consisted of a secondary analysis of the “Gambling in England and Scotland, 2016: Combined Data from the Health Survey for England and the Scottish Health Survey.” We concatenated the data from 2012, 2014, and 2016. This study is a secondary analysis of a large data set. The project incorporated a series of statistical analysis including logistic regression, multinominal regression, cluster analysis and confirmatory factor analysis and to explore the relationship between gambling and social and demographic variables. Results: Based on our analysis combining the DSM and PGSI, about half a percent of the adults in England and Scotland met the threshold for a severe gambling problem. In terms of gambling behaviors, the most common games were national lottery tickets, scratch cards, and other lotteries. As expected, social and demographic variables were both significantly associated with problem gambling. Significant social and demographic risk factors for problem gambling include sex (male), age (being younger, 25 to 34), marital status (being single or never married), social class (manual and routine labour), ethnic /racial group (Black or other), and education (lower levels of education). In addition, being a heavy drinker, a current smoker and having a lower level of Wellbeing were also related to problem gambling. Although the results suggest that people in Scotland gamble somewhat more often especially on lotteries, Country (England vs. Scotland) was not associated with gambling problems. In terms of games played, according to the logistic regression, the largest association was for electronic gambling machines (EGMs), followed by Sports gambling and then online gambling. The interaction of games with sex is interesting suggesting that the male vs. female differences is smaller for EGMs and online gambling, but larger for sports gambling. As Part of Aim 2, we tested the psychometric properties of the PGSI gambling inventory and found that the PGSI was a valid construct for measuring problem gambling in the United Kingdom (UK). Moreover, we found that the PGSI scale operated similarly for respondents from both England and Scotland, suggesting generalisability across the UK. In terms of Aim 3, the key stakeholder interviews, most of the stakeholders felt that the reported frequencies were lower than they expected and questioned the accuracy of the prevalence estimates. Several stakeholders noted that some ethnic communities (Chinese, Muslims) were not adequately represented in the survey, and speculated that this was due to under reporting. Several stakeholders also suggested that the prevalence of gambling problems among women who gamble may be higher than males who gamble, however analysis did not support this view. In terms of directions for future research, the stakeholders suggested the need to better understand the impact of trauma on gambling, the potential side effects of medication(s), and a more comprehensive examination of environmental factors during childhood that increase the risk of problem gambling during adulthood. Overall, the stakeholders felt that the results provide useful information but note that more research is needed to better understand gambling problems. Finally, several stakeholders believed that both government and industry should do more to help reduce problem gambling; however, one stakeholder cautioned that over regulation could backfire and push gamblers to non-regulated gambling sites. Conclusions: The results of this research provide a detailed examination of the association between problem gambling and the social determinants of health in the UK. In summary, the key findings are that social and demographic risk factors for problem gambling include sex (male), age (being younger, 25 to 34), marital status (being single or never married), social class (manual and routine labour), ethnic /racial group (Black or other), education (lower levels of education), are significant factors in determining problem gambling. In addition, being a heavy drinker, a current smoker and having a lower level of Wellbeing, more psychological distress, and a greater rate of mental health problems, were also related to problem gambling. This knowledge will help to inform public health strategies in the UK related to the prevention and treatment of gambling disorders, as well as the prevention of gambling-related harm at the population level and for different groups (e.g., age groups, income groups, ethnic groups). Implications: 1. Problem gamblers are more likely to have lower levels of education, were less likely to be in managerial work, and in terms of ethnic group were Black or other. 2. Problem gamblers are physically healthy, but have an elevated risk of mental health problems, have a poorer sense of well-being and are more likely to smoke or engage in heavy drinking. 3. The results found that country (England vs. Scotland) was not associated with differences in gambling problems, however, people in Scotland gamble somewhat more often especially on Lotteries. 4. In terms of Aim 2, the results suggest that the PGSI is a valid measure of gambling in the Great Britain and that it is equally valid for both England and Scotland. 5. Non-problem gamblers appear to be a relatively healthy population and had the best scores in terms of mental health and well-being, though the contrasts with non-gamblers were trivial. 6. Non-problem gamblers had a somewhat greater rate of smoking, heavy drinking and obesity compared to non-gamblers suggesting they may have more health problems eventually. Effort should be made to encourage more physical activity amongst recreational gamblers.
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