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Journal articles on the topic 'Obesity in females'
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1
Schwartz, Frances. "Obesity in Adult Females." AAOHN Journal 41, no. 10 (1993): 504–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507999304101005.
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Sanaa Jameel Thamer. "The Anthropometric and Biochemical Parameters in Normal Weight-Central Obesity Females." Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 15, no. 4 (2021): 3060–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.17238.
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Central obesity is abdominal fat that accumulates and affects the health status. The present study aimsto estimate some blood biomarkers among normal-weight females with central obesity and determinethe prevalence of central obesity. The method: healthy females with normal body weight and age groupof (33-44 y) have participated and their body anthropometric parameters were determined. The Navyformula detected the body composition. Serum glucose, lipid profile, insulin, and cortisol hormonewere tested. The results: a high prevalence has been found of the central obesity among females withnormal weight (71.098%). Central obesity is characterized by increasing WC, WHR, and WHtR withhigh-fat percentage and fat mass (40.55%, 25.6 kg) than females without central obesity (31.5%, 19.4kg, respectively). The central obesity females showed significant elevation in serum glucose 8.937mmol/L, insulin 177.884 pmol/L, and HOMI 10.216 with dyslipidemia than the ones with the noncentralobesity. A high significant cortisol level (29.126 μg/dl) was observed in the normal weightcentral obesity group. Conclusions: the incidence of central obesity among normal-weight females hasbeen associated with changes in some blood profiles, which may contribute to increasing adiposityrelatedrisk factors and health outcomes and the effect on body shape.
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Omotola, Oluwabukola, Sandra Legan, Emily Slade, Ayooluwatomiwa Adekunle, and Julie S. Pendergast. "Estradiol regulates daily rhythms underlying diet-induced obesity in female mice." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 317, no. 6 (2019): E1172—E1181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00365.2019.
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The circadian system is a critical regulator of metabolism and obesity in males, but its role in regulating obesity in females is poorly understood. Because there are sex differences in the development of obesity and susceptibility to obesity-related disorders, we sought to determine the role of estrogens in regulating the circadian mechanisms underlying diet-induced obesity. When fed high-fat diet, C57BL/6J male mice gain weight, whereas females are resistant to diet-induced obesity. Here, we demonstrate that estradiol regulates circadian rhythms in females to confer resistance to diet-induced obesity. We found that ovariectomized females with undetectable circulating estrogens became obese and had disrupted daily rhythms of eating behavior and locomotor activity when fed a high-fat diet. The phase of the liver molecular circadian rhythm was also altered by high-fat diet feeding in ovariectomized mice. Estradiol replacement in ovariectomized females a fed high-fat diet rescued these behavioral and tissue rhythms. Additionally, restoring the daily rhythm of eating behavior in ovariectomized females with time-restricted feeding inhibited diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Together, these data suggest that the circadian system is a target for treating obesity and its comorbidities in women after menopause, when circulating levels of estrogens are too low to protect their circadian rhythms.
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Yashin, D. A., O. F. Kalev, N. G. Kaleva, and L. M. Yashina. "Prevalence of excessive body weight and obesity among industrial enterprise workers according to long-term studies." Kazan medical journal 93, no. 3 (2012): 529–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1886.
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Aim. To assess the dynamics of the prevalence of excessive body weight (pre-obesity) and obesity, to identify gender differences among the workers of an industrial enterprise in the period 1994-2010. Methods. Population-based cross-sectional complex preventive studies of 2566 industrial workers (1579 males and 987 females) aged 18-64 years in order to identify the non-infectious diseases were conducted in 1994, 1999 and 2000. Pre-obesity, obesity and other risk factors were assessed according to the criteria of the program on Countrywide Integrated Noncommunicable Diseases Intervention of the World Health Organization and according to Russian recommendations regarding the metabolic syndrome. Results. The prevalence of excessive body weight (35.3%) and obesity (12.2%) in 2010 for males was significantly higher than in 1999 (31.1 and 7.7% respectively), the prevalence of obesity alone among them was significantly higher in 2010 than in 1994. In females the prevalence of obesity in 2010 was significantly higher than in 1999 (26.7 and 19.9% respectively) with no significant differences in the frequency pre-obesity (34.0 and 39.6% respectively). The prevalence of pre-obesity and obesity among females in 2010 did not differ significantly from such in 1994. Conclusion. Revealed was an increase in the prevalence of pre-obesity and obesity in males and females in the period from 1999 to 2010; mean body mass indices and frequency of pre-obesity and obesity in females were significantly higher than in males at all periods of the prospective study.
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Chanak, Mahua, and Kaushik Bose. "A Cross-sectional study on blood pressure and obesity among rural adults of Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India." Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria XXIII. Antropologia), no. 4 (December 21, 2021): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32521/2074-8132.2021.4.019-028.
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Background. Obesity is considered a major health problem in both developed and developing coun-tries. Both hypertension and obesity are accountable for the increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and often they occur together. The objective of the present study was to know the prevalence of overall obesity (BMI≥25.0) and hypertension among rural adults. The present study determined the age trend on obesity and hypertension among rural adults of Daspur I block, Paschim Medinipur. Materials and methods. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 805 rural adults (Males=396; Females=409) of Daspur I block, Paschim Medinipur district, West Bengal, from August to December 2019. Results. In the present study, the total prevalence of overall obesity was 22.4% (19.7% in males and 24.9% in females) and hypertension was 36.8% (32.8% in males and 40.6% in females). The prevalence of both obesity and hypertension was much higher in case of female participants. Obesity was more among middle-aged males and females. There was a significant association between obesity and blood pressure. Conclusion. Our study revealed a high prevalence of obesity and hypertension among rural adults. In overall, the risk of obesity and hypertension was greater in females. There was a significant association be-tween age and being obese and hypertensive.
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Sarvottam, Kumar, Prabhat Ranjan, and Umashree Yadav. "Age group and gender-wise comparison of obesity indices in subjects of Varanasi." Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 64 (July 31, 2020): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_103_2020.
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Objectives: Deposition of body fat may differ in different age groups and gender-wise differences are also likely. The present study aims to evaluate age- and gender-wise differences in obesity parameters in healthy subjects of both genders of Varanasi. Materials and Methods: Anthropometric measurements were performed in 346 subjects reported in health check-up camp. Parameters were compared between each age group for males and females separately as well as gender-wise comparison for each age group was also performed. Regression analysis was performed to observe the relationship of age with obesity parameters and body mass index (BMI) with other parameters of obesity. Results: Both males and females had central obesity with males having higher waist circumference (WC) than females (P = 0.002) while females had higher body fat (fat %) (P = 0.000). Obesity indices of males of age group of 18–29 years were lesser as compared to other age groups. Obesity indices of female subjects were comparable in 18–39 years of age. Age group of 30–39 and 50–59 years males had higher WC than females (P = 0.002, 0.016, respectively) while fat % of females in each age group were significantly higher than males of corresponding age groups. Positive correlation of age with obesity parameters and BMI with WC and fat % was observed. Conclusion: Gender-wise differences in BMI, WC, WHtR and fat % tend to increase with age, indicative of increase in adiposity and central obesity with progressing age. Males in general have higher WC than females but lesser fat %. Gender differences in obesity may show age group specific variations. Findings of the study may be useful for identifying age specific distribution of obesity indices in males and females.
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Milisic, Lejla, Sandra Vegar-Zubovic, Amina Valjevac, and Suada Hasanovic-Vučković. "Bone Mineral Density Assessment by DXA vs. QCT in Postmenopausal Females with Central Obesity." Current Aging Science 13, no. 2 (2020): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874609812666190912155525.
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Objectives: Although Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) is gold standard for osteoporosis diagnosis, several reports have shown discordant T-score values measured by Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT) and DXA especially in obese subjects, but it is still not clear whether BMD measurement by two modalities is affected by overall obesity or central obesity in postmenopausal females. Therefore, the aims of this study were to compare BMD and T-scores by DXA and QCT and to evaluate whether these two osteoporosis assessment modalities yield different T-score values in postmenopausal females with obesity and central obesity. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 44 postmenopausal females, referred for osteoporosis screening. Anthropometric indices (BMI-body mass index, WC-waist circumference and ICOindex of central obesity) were measured and females underwent an assessment of bone mineral density by DXA and QCT. Results: Lumbar Spine (LS) T-score values were observed to be significantly lower by DXA compared to qCT in females with BMI >25 kg/m2, (-1.9±1.5 vs. -2.3±1.2; p=0.039), in females with WC>88 cm(-1.9±1.5 vs. -2.4±1.2; p=0.008) and in females with ICO>0.5(-1.96±1.4 vs. -2.5±1.2; p=0.004). However, in normal-weight females and in those without central obesity, LS T-scores by DXA were not different than qCT. DXA at lumbar spine and proximal femur revealed osteoporosis in 47.7% and 11.4% respectively, while QCT detected osteoporosis in 61.4% of females (p<0.001). Measures of central obesity; ICO and WC were not associated with QCT bone mineral density (BMD) (r=0.14 and r=0.21, respectively), but were positively associated with both DXALS BMD (r=0.29 and r=0.31; p<0.05) and DXA proximal femur BMD (r=0.41 and r=0.44; p<0.01). Conclusion: Our results suggest that obesity is associated with lower T-scores by DXA compared to QCT. Caution is needed when assessing osteoporosis status in obese postmenopausal females. However, further studies with larger sample size are needed to confirm the findings.
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Das, Chandan Kumar, and Jayanta Kumar Nayak. "Prevalence of obesity among adults of Koraput district, Odisha: An anthropological study." International Journal of Academic Research and Development 3, no. 2 (2018): 300–305. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4678411.
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<strong>Introduction:</strong> Health of adult is the greatest challenge in the 21st century. People from rural as well as urban settings are now prone to more health risks which decreases the individual output, earning capacity, mental illness and quality of life due to overweight and obesity. Koraput is the southern district of Odisha comes under KBK region which is always a focal point for development and healthcare issues. <strong>Objectives: </strong>The main objectives of the study were to quantify obesity among the adults of Koraput and to correlate the age with height, body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, Body Mass Index, Rohrer Index, waist-hip ratio, and Conicity index. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in three different villages of Koraput district. Both adult males and females (18 years and above) were selected randomly. Revised Body Mass Index (BMI) cut off values for Asian Indians, waist-hip ratio, Rohrer Index, and Conicity Index were taken into consideration for quantifying obesity. Proper measurements like height, body weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference with standardised instruments were also taken with minimum clothing. <strong>Results: </strong>According to BMI and Rohrer Index, males are more obese (21.73% and 42.03%) than females (11.39%, and 37.98%). But concerning the central obesity indices like waist-hip ratio, and Conicity Index, the prevalence of obesity is higher in females (46.84%, and 98.10%) than males (20.29%, and 86.96%). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Females are dominatingly obese than males as per central obesity indices. Larger family size, hand to mouth economy striving for more work burden leading to unbalanced and improper dietary pattern is being the root cause of obesity. Challenging socioeconomic factors as well as transforming life style has raised obesity among the adults of Koraput district.
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Paul, Sudip, Md Solayman, Puja Biswas, Moumoni Saha, and Md Sabir Hossain. "Obesity and Hypertension in Students of Jahangirnagar University: Alarming Issues." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 4, no. 3 (2015): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v4i3.4728.
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The prevalence of obesity and hypertension (HTN) in university students of Bangladesh has not reported yet. Considering the proper health maintenance of this population in mind, the study was aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity and HTN as well as relationship among them in the students of a residential university of Bangladesh, Jahangirnagar University. This descriptive cross sectional study included 500 randomly selected students (250 males and 250 females). Participants completed a questionnaire on physical activity, sedentary behaviour, dietary factors, smoking and family history of obesity, HTN, and coronary artery disease. Blood pressure and anthropometric parameters such as height, weight, waist and hip circumferences were measured following standard procedure. The Statistical analyses were performed using the software SPSS.The prevalence of overweight was 25% (31.1% males, 15.6% females) and obesity 7.2% (9.4% males, 4% females). Pre-HTN was found at 27.1% (38% males, 11.2% females) and HTN at 2.2% (3.3% males, 0.4% females). A high rate of smoking, sedentary behavior, physical inactivity, excessive consumption of unhealthy food, and caffeine-rich drinks was also observed. Significant correlation was found between parameters of obesity and HTN. High prevalence of pre-HTN in males and central obesity in females were found which is immediately needed to control for better health maintenance of this population.
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Paul, Sudip, Md Solayman, Puja Biswas, Moumoni Saha, and Md Sabir Hossain. "Obesity and Hypertension in Students of Jahangirnagar University: Alarming Issues." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 4, no. 3 (2015): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/.v4i3.4728.
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The prevalence of obesity and hypertension (HTN) in university students of Bangladesh has not reported yet. Considering the proper health maintenance of this population in mind, the study was aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity and HTN as well as relationship among them in the students of a residential university of Bangladesh, Jahangirnagar University. This descriptive cross sectional study included 500 randomly selected students (250 males and 250 females). Participants completed a questionnaire on physical activity, sedentary behaviour, dietary factors, smoking and family history of obesity, HTN, and coronary artery disease. Blood pressure and anthropometric parameters such as height, weight, waist and hip circumferences were measured following standard procedure. The Statistical analyses were performed using the software SPSS.The prevalence of overweight was 25% (31.1% males, 15.6% females) and obesity 7.2% (9.4% males, 4% females). Pre-HTN was found at 27.1% (38% males, 11.2% females) and HTN at 2.2% (3.3% males, 0.4% females). A high rate of smoking, sedentary behavior, physical inactivity, excessive consumption of unhealthy food, and caffeine-rich drinks was also observed. Significant correlation was found between parameters of obesity and HTN. High prevalence of pre-HTN in males and central obesity in females were found which is immediately needed to control for better health maintenance of this population.
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Sutaria, Shailen, Rohini Mathur, and Sally A. Hull. "Does the ethnic density effect extend to obesity? A cross-sectional study of 415 166 adults in east London." BMJ Open 9, no. 5 (2019): e024779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024779.
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ObjectivesTo examine the prevalence of obesity by ethnic group and to examine the association between ethnic density and obesity prevalence.Design and settingCross-sectional study utilising electronic primary care records of 128 practices in a multiethnic population of east London.ParticipantsElectronic primary care records of 415 166 adults with a body mass index recorded in the previous 3 years.Outcome measures(1) Odds of obesity for different ethnic groups compared with white British. (2) Prevalence of obesity associated with each 10% increase in own-group ethnic density, by ethnic group.ResultsUsing multilevel logistic regression models, we find that compared with white British/Irish males, the odds of obesity were significantly higher among black ethnic groups and significantly lower among Asian and white other groups. Among females, all ethnic groups except Chinese and white other were at increased odds of obesity compared with white British/Irish. There was no association between increasing ethnic density and obesity prevalence, except among black Africans and Indian females. A 10% increase in black ethnic density was associated with a 15% increase in odds of obesity among black African males (95% CI 1.07 to 1.24) and 18% among black African females (95% CI 1.08 to 1.30). Among Indian females, a 10% increase in Indian ethnic density was associated with a 7% decrease in odds of obesity (95% CI 0.88 to 0.99).ConclusionWider environmental factors play a greater role in determining obesity than the ethnic composition of the area for most ethnic groups. Further research is needed to understand the mechanism through which increasing ethnic density is associated with increased odds of obesity among black Africans and decreased odds of obesity among Indian females.
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Norman, Jennifer E., Dragan Milenkovic, Saivageethi Nuthikattu, and Amparo C. Villablanca. "The Brain Metabolome Is Modified by Obesity in a Sex-Dependent Manner." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 6 (2024): 3475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063475.
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Obesity is linked to cognitive decline and metabolic dysregulation in the brain, yet the role of sex is relatively unexplored. We sought to explore the effects of obesity and sex on the brain metabolome. In male and female ob/ob and wild-type mice, we assessed whole brain untargeted metabolomics by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, behavior by open field test, and cognitive function by Y-maze and Morris water maze. The metabolic profiles of ob/ob and wild-type mice differed in both sexes. There were more obesity-altered brain metabolites in males than females. Thirty-nine metabolites were unique to males, 15 were unique to females, and five were common to both sexes. Two of the common metabolites were involved in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide homeostasis. A key feature of the metabolites identified in males was an increase in free fatty acids. In females, a unique feature was the presence of the neuro-modulatory metabolites 2-linoleoyl glycerol and taurine. The behavioral effects of obesity were only seen in females. These results demonstrate that most impacts of obesity on the brain metabolomic profile are sex-specific. Our work has implications for understanding the role of obesity in brain metabolism and the differential contribution of obesity to cognitive decline in males and females.
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Astha, Astha, Bindu Krishnan, and Anup Kharde. "Assessment of Obesity using Anthropometric Markers among University Students." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 9, no. 1 (2021): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.9.1.21.
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Over the past few decades there has been an increase in the central or abdominal obesity. Endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance with metabolic syndrome and a higher cardiometabolic risk are directly linked to abdominal obesity. A better understanding of the epidemiology of obesity would provide insights to its mitigation. This cross sectional study was designed to identify Central obesity, General obesity and Normal Weight central obesity among young adults using the following surrogate markers Waist circumference (WC), Waist hip ratio (WHR), Waist height ratio (WtHR) and BMI. After due informed written consent, 300 young adults with equal representation of both sexes (150 each) studying MBBS, Dentistry and Physiotherapy stream in a private university were selected. Various anthropometric measures like weight, hip circumference and waist circumference and height were measured according to WHO STEPS instrument. BMI based on Asia- Pacific cut -off values was used to define general obesity. Central obesity was defined by a Waist Circumference of 80 cm in females and 90 cm in male’s .For waist to height ratio a value of 0.5 in both genders was used. For waist to hip ratio the cut off value used was 0.85 in females and 0.90 in males. An individual with normal weight according to BMI but having central obesity fits into Normal Weight Central obesity category. Average age of the participants was 20.6 1.31 years. General Obesity was more among males with 46% prevalence as compared to 25.33%among females. In contrast, the prevalence of central obesity was more among females. The prevalence of Normal weight central obesity was more among females, varying from 4% to 17% using different types of anthropometric measures for central obesity. A high positive correlation was observed between BMI with WC, WtHR and WHR. (p=0.0001) Current practice of taking only BMI into consideration for defining obesity in our country needs serious re-evaluation considering the increasing prevalence of abdominal obesity and its long term impact.
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Dr., Mehak Yusuf Dr. Numrah Nawaz Dr. Kainat Shoukat. "OBESITY AND FEMALES: A CROSS-SECTIONAL RESEARCH TO ASSESS THE ONSET OF OBESITY AMONG FEMALES WITH ASSOCIATED FACTORS." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES o6, no. 04 (2019): 7179–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2630773.
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<strong><em>Background: </em></strong><em>Females are mostly observed with obesity. Various chronic disorders result due to obesity.</em> <strong><em>Objective: </em></strong><em>The objective of this research was to determine the incidence of obesity and factors associated with it among selected women.</em> <strong><em>Patients and Methods: </em></strong><em>This illustrated research study was organized at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore (September 2017 to August 2018). The people enrolled in this study were 400. The Selection was made with an error margin of five percent and at a confidence interval of 95%. The incidence of obesity observed among women was 35% to 40%. Simple irregular sampling technique was employed for sample selection. The age of selected women was between 15 to 64 years. Information was assembled by means of a questionnaire by conducting interviews. SPSS was used for data assessment.</em> <strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>The connection between workout (P < 0.001) and BMI was remarkable. The results showed 48% of female obese out of 400. The age group that was more vulnerable to overweight was 26 – 35 years.</em> <strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>There is a requirement to make the people aware related to healthy standard particularly the significance of the physical activity, intake of calorie and healthy diet in order to avoid obesity.</em> <strong>Keywords: </strong><em>Obesity, Sample, Women, Factors, Association and Physical Activity.</em>
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Daka, I.R., M.N. Amaewhule, and C. Wekhe. "The Prevalence of Obesity in a Rural Setting in Port Harcourt, Rivers State." Greener Journal of Medical Sciences 11, no. 2 (2021): 149–58. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5902782.
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<strong>Background:</strong> Obesity is a state of excess storage of body fat. It is currently quantitated by means of the body mass index (BMI), calculated from BMI= height in meters/weight in kilograms squared. However the BMI scale generally correlates with the degree of obesity and with risk. The prevalence of Obesity has been on the increase in our environment. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of Obesity but little information is available from developing countries where new cases of Obesity are increasingly diagnosed. <strong>Method:</strong> We examined BMI amongst apparently healthy adult population. A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 107 adults- 80 females and 27 males between the ages of 18 years and 80years for a period of 3 months using convenience sampling. They were first administered a structured questionnaire to obtain their socio-demographic data and lifestyle characteristics after which anthropometric assessment was performed. <strong>Results:</strong> This shows that 74.8% were females and 25.2% were males. About 46.7% of the respondents were self-employed followed by 17.8% unemployed and 6.5% were students. Overall , 85.2% males have normal BMI while 14.8% males have a high BMI.66.2% females have a normal BMI while 33.8% have a high BMI. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The prevalence of Obesity is more in females than males in this study. 44.9% had abdominal obesity, 29.0% had central obesity, this calls for more education of the populace and positive attitude and appropriate intervention towards addressing the relevant risk factors of Obesity thereby preventing future cardiovascular complications including metabolic syndrome in the general population.
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Singh, Satinderjit, Ravjit Kaur Sabharwal, Jagminder Kaur Bajaj, Indira R. Samal, and Megha Sood. "Age and gender based prevalence of obesity in residents of Punjab, India." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, no. 5 (2019): 1038. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20191598.
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Background: Obesity is recognized as a chronic disease, associated with a variety of metabolic, cardiovascular and neurological complications. Prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, more so in the developing countries. It is affecting both sexes and all age groups. Body mass index BMI along with presence and severity of obesity associated complications are used to identify, successively increasing stages of obesity. The present study aims to study prevalence of overweight, obesity (stage 0,1,2) and morbid obesity in adult residents of Punjab state in an effort to determine burden of this lifestyle disorder in different age groups and sexes, so that a comprehensive action plan can be designed to target appropriate group with specific preventive measures .Methods: 1000 subjects were surveyed and labelled as non-obese, overweight, obese or morbid obese based on their BMI, presence and severity of obesity related complications. Point prevalence amongst different age groups of both sexes were determined and compared.Results: In study population 41.5% subjects were non-obese, 15.9% were overweight, 29.4% were obese and 13.2% were morbidly obese. The prevalence of all the 3 conditions (overweight, obesity and morbid obesity) increased with increasing age in both sexes. The prevalence was more among females of all age groups than males for ‘overweight’ and ‘obesity’. But gender based difference narrowed down with increasing severity of disease, such that female to male ratio reversed (<1) for morbid obesity. Moreover, peak prevalence of overweight and obesity were attained little later in females as compared to males. However, for morbid obesity peak prevalence is seen in same age group (40-49 years) in both sexes.Conclusions: Overweight and obesity are more prevalent among females of all age groups than males with peak prevalence achieved little later in females as compared to males. However, gender based differences in prevalence decreased as severity increased and morbid obesity was more prevalent among males than females.
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Bilal, Younas, Ahmad Khalid Waqas, and Ul Hassan Mansoor. "Fast Food Consumption and Increased Caloric Intake Leading to Obesity a Survey among Pakistani Teenagers." systematic reviews in pharmacy 12, no. 4 (2021): 169–71. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4875156.
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ABSTRACT Background: The aim of the study was to determine obesity rate in Pakistani teenagers associated with fast food consumption. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at RHC Raiwind, Lahore during January 2019 to July 2019. Information was collected from teenagers of different age groups ranging from 13-19 years old. A selfstructured questionnaire was designed containing four sections to gathered information from participants. BMI and % age of different variables was calculated. Results: Total no of 1000 teenagers including male 536(53.6%) and females 464(46.4%) were approached out of which 334 (34.4%) were overweight having BMI=25-29.9 and 544(54.4%) were obese having BMI>30.Mostly of them were 17-year-old 425(42.5%). Obesity rate is higher both in males and females but mostly females were more prone. Conclusion: It is concluded from our study that consumption of fast food on daily basis and increased caloric intake will leads towards obesity among teenagers now a days. Obesity rate is greater in females (refer to stage 4. of table. 3) as compared to males however both males and females were prone towards obesity due to increased consumption (thrice a day) of fast food. Other variables like residential area of participants and type of fast food eaten were also accountable in this regard.
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Apalasamy, Yamunah Devi, Halimah Awang, Norma Mansor, Nurfakhrina AbRashid, Nurul Diyana Kamarulzaman, and Tan Lih Yoong. "Factors Associated With Obesity and Abdominal Obesity Among Malaysian Older Adults." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 33, no. 5 (2021): 547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10105395211014634.
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Obesity is a rising concern globally. This study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with obesity and abdominal obesity (AO) among 5613 Malaysians aged 40 years and older via computer-assisted personal interviewing and anthropometric measurements. Obesity and AO prevalence were 37.8% and 63.1%, respectively. Significant associations were observed between: obesity with higher risk in patients aged between 40 and 49 years, Indians, females, income ≥RM 2000, and health status, and AO with higher risk in patients aged between 50 and 59 years, Indians, females, never married, income ≥RM 2000, and vigorous physical activity. Hence, age, sex, income, and ethnicity are associated with both obesity and AO. Promoting healthy body mass index and waist circumference is essential for healthy ageing.
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Shahid, Adeela, Sobia Rana, Shahid Saeed, Muhammad Imran, Nasir Afzal, and Saqib Mahmood. "Common Variant ofFTOGene, rs9939609, and Obesity in Pakistani Females." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/324093.
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Numerous studies confirmed the association ofFTO(fat mass and obesity associated gene) common variant, rs9939609, with obesity in European populations. However, studies in Asian populations revealed conflicting results. We examined the association of rs9939609 variant ofFTOgene with obesity and obesity-related anthropometric and metabolic parameters in Pakistani population. Body weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference, and blood pressure (BP) were measured. BMI and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. Levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, leptin, and leptin receptors were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. The results showed association ofFTOgene, rs9939609, with obesity in females (>18 years of age).FTOminor allele increased the risk of obesity by 2.8 times (95% CI = 1.3–6.0) in females. This allele showed association with body weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, WHR, BP, plasma FBG levels, HOMA-IR, plasma insulin levels, and plasma leptin levels. In conclusion,FTOgene, rs9939609, is associated with BMI and risk of obesity in adult Pakistani females. Association of rs9939609 variant with higher FBG, plasma insulin, and leptin levels indicates that this polymorphism may disturb the metabolism in adult females and predispose them to obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, the above-mentioned findings were not seen in children or males.
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Bloor, Ian D., Sylvain P. Sébert, Vivek Saroha, et al. "Sex Differences in Metabolic and Adipose Tissue Responses to Juvenile-Onset Obesity in Sheep." Endocrinology 154, no. 10 (2013): 3622–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2013-1207.
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Sex is a major factor determining adipose tissue distribution and the subsequent adverse effects of obesity-related disease including type 2 diabetes. The role of gender on juvenile obesity and the accompanying metabolic and inflammatory responses is not well established. Using an ovine model of juvenile onset obesity induced by reduced physical activity, we examined the effect of gender on metabolic, circulatory, and related inflammatory and energy-sensing profiles of the major adipose tissue depots. Despite a similar increase in fat mass with obesity between genders, males demonstrated a higher storage capacity of lipids within perirenal-abdominal adipocytes and exhibited raised insulin. In contrast, obese females became hypercortisolemic, a response that was positively correlated with central fat mass. Analysis of gene expression in perirenal-abdominal adipose tissue demonstrated the stimulation of inflammatory markers in males, but not females, with obesity. Obese females displayed increased expression of genes involved in the glucocorticoid axis and energy sensing in perirenal-abdominal, but not omental, adipose tissue, indicating a depot-specific mechanism that may be protective from the adverse effects of metabolic dysfunction and inflammation. In conclusion, young males are at a greater risk than females to the onset of comorbidities associated with juvenile-onset obesity. These sex-specific differences in cortisol and adipose tissue could explain the earlier onset of the metabolic-related diseases in males compared with females after obesity.
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Zarfishan, Anna. "Obesity in pregnant females- A review article." Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research 10, no. 3 (2023): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijogr.2023.050.
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Obesity is known as a prominent public health issue. It can be featured as an epidemic as it does no discrimination on the basis of age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Among pregnant females, incidence of obesity is getting increased and it is found to be linked with many complications that obstetricians are facing now-a-days. It also poses a huge confront to pregnant females as it is linked with unfavourable perinatal and maternal outcomes. Still, various studies revealed conflicting results between improvement in pregnancy outcome and lifestyle intervention. The objective of present review is to emphasize about complications, clinical significance and management of maternal obesity.
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Tucker, L. A., and M. Bagwell. "Television viewing and obesity in adult females." American Journal of Public Health 81, no. 7 (1991): 908–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.81.7.908.
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Al-Sufyani, Amal Abdulaziz, and Sawsan Hassan Mahassni. "Obesity and immune cells in Saudi females." Innate Immunity 17, no. 5 (2010): 439–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753425910372536.
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Schneider, Margaret, Genevieve Fridlund Dunton, and Dan Michael Cooper. "Media Use and Obesity in Adolescent Females*." Obesity 15, no. 9 (2007): 2328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/oby.2007.276.
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Shankar, Sethu Prabhu, and Golepu Kartikeya. "Abdominal obesity in primary care." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 4, no. 4 (2017): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20173069.
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Background: Obesity is one of the important challenge in primary care. Abdominal obesity is associated with future cardiovascular disease when compared to non-obese individuals. The objective was to study the prevalence of abdominal obesity in patients attending primary care physician and to analyse abdominal obesity across different age groups and gender.Methods: The study was done as cross-sectional study at primary care centres in and around Pondicherry. Patients visiting primary care physician were included in the study. All adult patients of age more than 18 years, of both sexes visiting the primary care physician were included in study. Pregnant women, patients with abdomen diseases and patients those who are not willing to give written consent for participation in the study were excluded from the study. Demographic profile, anthropometric measurements were recorded. Abdominal circumference of all patients were recorded using a standard measuring tape. Abdominal obesity was diagnosed when the abdominal circumference was more than 90 centimetres in male and more than 80 centimetres in female.Results: A total number of 1030 patients were included in the study. There were 189 patients in age group 60-69. Females 535 outnumbered males 484. In the age group 50-59, 33 (40%) of males and 45 (44%) of females had increased abdominal circumference more than 90 centimetres in males and 80 centimetres in females. Across all age groups 121 (24%) males had abdominal circumference more than 90 centimetres in the study and 147 (28%) females had abdominal circumference more than 80 centimetres.Conclusions: Abdominal obesity is common at primary care level. The prevalence of abdominal obesity is more in females when compared with males. Hence all primary care physicians have to be stressed about the importance of abdominal obesity.
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Al-Muzafar, Hessah, and Mohammed Al-Hariri. "Estimation of elemental concentrations in the toenail of young Saudi females with obesity." Journal of Medicine and Life 15, no. 5 (2022): 601–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.25122/jml-2022-0017.
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Elemental homeostasis is essential for maintaining normal metabolic processes. Elements in the toenails are now considered in the diagnosis or screening and used as biomarkers of several metabolic disorders. The incidence of obesity is more prevalent in females than males globally. At the same time, females appeared more susceptible to elemental alterations than males. This study aimed to evaluate the variation in the levels of several elements in toenails as possible biomarkers of health conditions associated with obesity in young Saudi females. A cross-sectional study was performed, between February–November 2019. The study enrolled 79 young females divided into two groups: participants with obesity (n=39) and non-obese (n=40). The toenail was analyzed to estimate Fe, I, K, Na, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ca, Mg, Cu, Co, and Se levels. The study showed a significant elevation in the levels of Fe, Ca, K, and Na in the toenail sample of female participants with obesity compared to the non-obese group. The levels of Mn, Cd, Co, Cu, and Cr, were significantly decreased in the toenail of participants with obesity. Moreover, other elements (i.e., Mg, I, and Se) were not significantly lower in the female group with obesity. Our findings confirmed the alterations of several elements among Saudi females with obesity. The toenail elemental analysis may become a useful diagnostic technique in monitoring the nutritional status, predicting some metabolic disorders, and environmental exposure.
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Park, Hyeon-Gyo, and Jeong-Hwa Choi. "Genetic variant rs9939609 inFTOis associated with body composition and obesity risk in Korean females." BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care 11, no. 6 (2023): e003649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003649.
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IntroductionThe fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene is a significant locus in obesity. However, the association betweenFTOgenetic variants and body composition has not been fully elucidated.Research design and methodsThis observational study examined the associations ofFTOrs9939609 T>A with obesity and body composition markers in Koreans. A total of 6474 participants from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study were analyzed for their general characteristics, body composition andFTOgenotype with a sex-stratified approach.ResultsFemales with the obesity risk A allele showed significantly greater body weight, hip circumference, and body mass index and were at a 1.28-fold higher risk of obesity (95% CI=1.088 to 1.507) than those with the TT genotype. Analyses of body composition also showed that females with the A allele had a greater body fat mass and percentage, abdominal fat percentage, and degree of obesity, and this association andFTOgenetic variation and adiposity was observed in females, especially aged under 50 years. However, the effect of the variant allele on non-fat tissue markers was not evident in females and was not associated with any parameters examined in males.ConclusionsTheFTOrs9939609 variant is associated with body composition in Koreans, especially body fat markers in females. These results support that theFTOrs9939609 variant is a genetic risk factor in the etiology of obesity.
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Ahmed, Faruk, Carol Waslien, Mona A. Al-Sumaie, and Prasanna Prakash. "Secular trends and risk factors of overweight and obesity among Kuwaiti adults: National Nutrition Surveillance System data from 1998 to 2009." Public Health Nutrition 15, no. 11 (2012): 2124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011003685.
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AbstractObjectiveTo determine trends in prevalence of overweight and obesity in Kuwaiti adults, and to examine their association with selected sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.DesignAnalysis of cross-sectional population survey data from the Kuwait National Nutrition Surveillance System.SettingSocial and health facilities in Kuwait.SubjectsMales (n17 491) and females (n21 120) aged 20–69 years attending registration for employment or pensions, or Hajj Pilgrimage health check-ups, or parents accompanying their children for immunization 1998 through 2009. Sociodemographic, lifestyle and anthropometric data were collected.ResultsPrevalence of BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2rose from 61·8 % and 59·3 % in females and males respectively, peaked in 2004–2005 (81·4 % and 79·2 %) and fell slightly in 2008–2009 (77·3 % and 77·4 %). Obesity prevalence in females exceeded males for all years and age groups; by 2009, it had increased by 11·3 % in males and 14·6 % in females. Overweight and obesity prevalences in both genders increased until 2004–2005 but fell thereafter, with significant falls for females in 2008–2009. Logistic and linear regression analyses confirmed these temporal changes for both prevalence and BMI in both genders. The odds of obesity increased with age until the fifth decade for both genders and then declined significantly for males. Education level was negatively associated with obesity prevalence in females, while participation in leisure-time exercise was negatively associated with obesity prevalence in males.ConclusionsAlthough the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) seemed to decrease from 2005 to 2009 among Kuwaiti adults, further research to clarify the identified confounders and continued monitoring are needed to confirm the decrease observed.
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Jasim, Hadeel M., Hassan M. Abdul Hussein, and Eman A. Al-Kaseer. "Obesity among females in Al-Sader city Baghdad, Iraq, 2017." Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad 60, no. 2 (2018): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32007/19jfacmedbaghdad36.v60i2.15.
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Background: obesity is a serious public health problem. Literatures in Iraq explained that obesity due tochange in economy and Lifestyles.Objective: To report on prevalence of obesity among women in Al- sader City, Baghdad. 2017.Method: A total of 440 females were included in this study. They were Selected randomly from relativesto patients accompanied them In attending to primary health care centers. BMI (body mass index) toassess the Weight. Demo-graphic data were requested too.Result: The prevalence of obesity was 35.2%. Age , education, divorced Widows were determinants ofobesity. Employment and crowding Index (socioeconomic status) were not obvious determinants ofobesity.Conclusion: High prevalence of obesity was observed.
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Jasim, Hadeel M., Hassan M. Abdul Hussein, and Eman A. Al-Kaseer. "Obesity among females in Al-Sader city Baghdad, Iraq, 2017." Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad 60, no. 2 (2018): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.60215.
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Background: obesity is a serious public health problem. Literatures in Iraq explained that obesity due tochange in economy and Lifestyles.Objective: To report on prevalence of obesity among women in Al- sader City, Baghdad. 2017.Method: A total of 440 females were included in this study. They were Selected randomly from relativesto patients accompanied them In attending to primary health care centers. BMI (body mass index) toassess the Weight. Demo-graphic data were requested too.Result: The prevalence of obesity was 35.2%. Age , education, divorced Widows were determinants ofobesity. Employment and crowding Index (socioeconomic status) were not obvious determinants ofobesity.Conclusion: High prevalence of obesity was observed.
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Lv, Fang, Xiaoling Cai, Chu Lin, et al. "Sex differences in the prevalence of obesity in 800,000 Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes." Endocrine Connections 10, no. 2 (2021): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ec-20-0547.
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Aims To estimate the sex differences in the prevalence of overweight and obesity aged 20–89 in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods 811,264 patients with T2D from six hospital-based, cross-sectional studies, and 46,053 subjects from the general population were included in our analysis. Prevalence of underweight, overweight, obesity were calculated in each sex. Results In patients with T2D, the standardized prevalence of underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2), overweight (24 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 28 kg/m2), and general obesity (BMI ≥28 kg/m2) were 2.2%, 43.2%, and 11.6%, respectively. Similar trend patterns of the prevalence of underweight and overweight were observed in general and T2D population, in males and females with T2D (all P for trend <0.01). In patients with T2D, patients at a younger age and older age were more likely to be underweight. The prevalence of overweight increased first, then stabilized or decreased with age. However, different trend patterns of the prevalence of obesity in males and females were found. In males, the prevalence of obesity decreased first, and then stabilized after 60 years of age. In females, the prevalence of obesity decreased first, then increased after 50 years of age. In the general population, the prevalence of obesity increased with age in females, while, the trend of prevalence of obesity with age in males was not obvious. Conclusion Different trends in the prevalence of obesity with age in different sex were found in Chinese patients with T2D.
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KHAN, ZULFAQAR A., and ADEL M. ASSIRI. "OBESITY AND HYPERTENSION." Professional Medical Journal 15, no. 04 (2008): 469–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2008.15.04.2922.
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Objectives: To assess the associations of obesity and hypertension in diabetics and non-diabetics. Patients and Methods:A total of 430 Saudi patients suffering from non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus comprising of 205(48 %) males and 225(52 %)females were studied. Height and weight were measured for calculating body mass index (BMI). The type 2 diabetics and non-diabeticindividuals were investigated separately to determine the prevalence of obesity and overweight. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure wasrecorded using the standard method in a sitting position. The patients were diagnosed as diabetics and hypertensive on the criteria of the WorldHealth Organization. Results: The prevalence of obesity was 16.7% and 22.9%, and overweight was 27.1% and 22.9% in the total men andwomen studied in healthy non-diabetics; while the prevalence of obesity was 26.8% and 42.7%, and overweight was 45.8 and 38.2% in the totalm 1c en and women, in the diabetics respectively. In diabetic subjects, glycemic status (HbA ) and BMI had coefficient of correlation between 26matched pairs as r= 0.36, but not impressive. In over-all population, irrespective of gender, the diabetic subjects had higher obesity/overweight(ob/ow) ratio value (0.84) than non-diabetics (0.79).The prevalence of HT in non-diabetic group was 4.42% in males compared to 2.1% infemales, while in the diabetic group the prevalence of HT was 24.39% in males and 41.33% in females, respectively. Prevalence of HT indiabetics was higher in females than males, in contrast to non-diabetics. Conclusion: Our study shows that obesity and hypertension are bothcontributing factors in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus; and the measures should be adopted for control of obesity and hypertensionto reduce the cause of diabetes mellitus.
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Terashima, Miyu, Kota Nakayama, Satoko Ugai, et al. "Global Incidence Trend of Early-Onset Obesity-Related and Non-Obesity-Related Cancers." Current Oncology 32, no. 6 (2025): 324. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32060324.
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The global rise in obesity prevalence and the incidence of early-onset cancer (diagnosed between 20 and 49 years of age) is a serious public health concern. We, therefore, evaluated the recent global trends in the incidence of early-onset obesity-related cancers and compared them to those of non-obesity-related cancers. We obtained age-standardized incidence rates of early-onset cancers diagnosed between 2000 and 2012 in 44 countries from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents database. Using joinpoint regression models, we calculated the average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for combined and individual categories of obesity-related cancers (11 and 9 cancer types in females and males, respectively) and non-obesity-related cancers (12 cancer types in both females and males). Differences in the AAPC were assessed by comparing 95% CIs, where nonoverlapping 95% CIs were considered statistically significantly different. We observed statistically significant positive AAPCs for early-onset obesity-related cancers in all available countries combined among females (global AAPC, 4.3%; 95% CI, 4.1–4.6%) and males (global AAPC, 1.4%; 95% CI, 1.2–1.7%). When analyzed by countries, we observed statistically significant positive AAPCs in 26 countries among females and 11 countries among males. AAPCs for early-onset obesity-related cancers were statistically significantly higher than those of non-obesity-related cancers in several regions, especially North America and Oceania. In conclusion, this study indicates that the incidence of early-onset obesity-related cancers exhibited a more pronounced increasing trend than non-obesity-related cancers among both sexes in many countries and regions.
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Shah, Shruti, and Pratibha Gaikwad. "Comparison of Peak Expiratory Flow Rate between Android and Gynoid Pattern Obesity in Females." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 11, no. 4 (2021): 236–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20210429.
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Aim: To assess comparison of PEFR between Android and Gynoid Pattern Obesity in Females. Objectives: To assess Peak Expiratory Flow Rate in Android Pattern, Gynoid Pattern of Obesity in Females and compare Peak Expiratory Flow Rate between Android and Gynoid Pattern Obesity in Females. Methodology: 100 Female Obese Subjects with BMI> 30 in the Age Group between 20-40 yrs living a sedentary lifestyle were recruited with incidental sampling over the period of 1 year duration and allocated to Android (n = 50) and Gynoid (n = 50) groups on the basis of Adiposity Markers like BMI, Height, Weight, Waist Circumference (WC), Hip Circumference (HC), WHR - Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) and Waist to Height Ratio (WtHR). PEFR was recorded by taking 3 readings and the highest among them chosen. Results: Pearson correlation test and Linear Regression was done between PEFR & BMI, PEFR & WHR and PEFR & WHtR. Using an Unrelated t Test, results were found to be Significant (p < 0.05) between PEFR in Both the Groups. Conclusion: The study establishes that there is a difference in PEFR between Android and Gynoid Pattern of Obesity in Females and PEFR in Gynoid Pattern is 5% better than PEFR in the Android Pattern Obesity in Females. Key words: Obesity, Android, Gynoid, PEFR, BMI, WHR, WtHR, WC, HC.
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Schroeder, Mariana, Orna Zagoory-Sharon, Liat Shbiro, et al. "Development of obesity in the Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rat." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 297, no. 6 (2009): R1749—R1760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00461.2009.
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Understanding the early factors affecting obesity development in males and females may help to prevent obesity and may lead to the discovery of more effective treatments for those already obese. The Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat model of obesity is characterized by hyperphagia-induced obesity, due to a spontaneous lack of CCK1 receptors. In the present study, we focused on the behavioral and physiological aspects of obesity development from weaning to adulthood. We examined body weight, feeding efficiency, fat pad [brown, retroperitoneal, inguinal and epydidimal (in males)] weight, inguinal adipocyte size and number, leptin and oxytocin levels, body mass index, waist circumference, and females' estrous cycle structure. In the males, central hypothalamic gene expression was also examined. OLETF rats presented overall higher fat and leptin levels, larger adipocytes, and increased waist circumference and BMI from weaning until adulthood, compared with controls. Analysis of developmental patterns of gene expression for hypothalamic neuropeptides revealed peptide-specific patterns that may underlie or be a consequence of the obesity development. Analysis of the developmental trajectories toward obesity within the OLETF strain revealed that OLETF females developed obesity in a more gradual manner than the males, presenting delayed obesity-related “turning points,” with reduced adipocyte size but larger postweaning fat pads and increased adipocyte hyperplasia compared with the males. Intake decrease in estrus vs. proestrus was significantly less in OLETF vs. Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka females. The findings highlight the importance of using different sex-appropriate approaches to increase the efficacy of therapeutic interventions in the treatment and prevention of chronic early-onset obesity.
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Pradono, Julianty, and Sintawati Sintawati. "Obesity contributes toward hypertension in young and older adult." Universa Medicina 35, no. 2 (2016): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2016.v35.96-104.
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Background<br />Obesity and hypertension are independent risk factors in the increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases. The proportion of obesity in Indonesia has increased in the last 5 years according to the National Health Survey. The purpose of this research was to obtain the contribution of obesity toward hypertension in the age group of 18 years and above.<br /><br />Methods<br />An observational study of cross-sectional design was conducted using the National Basic Health Research 2013 population data. The total sample of subjects was 2,741,297 from 33 provinces in Indonesia. Data were collected through interviews, blood pressure measurement, and anthropometry. Analysis of categorical data was by means of the chi-square statistical test, followed by calculation of the attributable fraction in the population, and analysis of factors influencing the impact fraction.<br /><br />Results<br />The prevalence of general obesity (BMI&gt;25 kg/m2) was 31.5% in males and 48.0% in females, while central obesity was 20.9% in males and 42.5% in females. In females with general obesity the risk of hypertension was 1.84 (95% CI: 1.82-1.86) times higher than in those with normal BMI. If general obesity and central obesity can be reduced, the prevalence of hypertension may be reduced by 2.9% in males and by 12.2% in females.<br /><br />Conclusion<br />The prevalence of hypertension in the age group of 18 years or more can be reduced by 2.9% in males and by 12.2% in females, by overcoming the contribution of obesity. Therefore efforts should be geared towards promoting healthy eating habits and maintaining a healthy weight through health education.
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Xu, Jiayu, Xinyu Shao, Haozhe Zeng, et al. "Hepatic-Specific FGF21 Knockout Abrogates Ovariectomy-Induced Obesity by Reversing Corticosterone Production." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 19 (2023): 14922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914922.
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Increased glucocorticoid (GC) levels act as a master contributor to central obesity in estrogen-depleted females; however, what factors cause their increased GC production is unclear. Given (1) liver fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and GCs regulate each other’s production in a feed-forward loop, and (2) circulating FGF21 and GCs are parallelly increased in menopausal women and ovariectomized mice, we thus hypothesized that elevation of hepatic FGF21 secretion causes increased GGs production in estrogen-depleted females. Using the ovariectomized mice as a model for menopausal women, we found that ovariectomy (OVX) increased circulating corticosterone levels, which in turn increased visceral adipose Hsd11b1 expression, thus causing visceral obesity in females. In contrast, liver-specific FGF21 knockout (FGF21 LKO) completely reversed OVX-induced high GCs and high visceral adipose Hsd11b1 expression, thus abrogating OVX-induced obesity in females. Even though FGF21 LKO failed to rescue OVX-induced dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. What’s worse, FGF21 LKO even further exacerbated whole-body glucose metabolic dysfunction as evidenced by more impaired glucose and pyruvate tolerance and worsened insulin resistance. Mechanically, we found that FGF21 LKO reduced circulating insulin levels, thus causing the dissociation between decreased central obesity and the improvement of obesity-related metabolic syndromes in OVX mice. Collectively, our results suggest that liver FGF21 plays an essential role in mediating OVX-induced central obesity by promoting GC production. However, lack of liver FGF21 signaling reduces insulin production and in turn causes the dissociation between decreased central obesity and the improvement of obesity-related metabolic syndromes, highlighting a detrimental role for hepatic FGF21 signals in mediating the development of central obesity but a beneficial role in preventing metabolic abnormality from further exacerbation in estrogen-depleted females.
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Bably Sabina Azhar, Muminun Ara, Mariom Yasmin, et al. "Association of hypertension with generalized and central obesity in rural adults: A cross-sectional study in Bangladesh." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 7, no. 1 (2022): 477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2022.7.1.0221.
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Background and aim: Obesity and hypertension are public health concerns. An increase in body weight is typically followed by an increase in blood pressure. This study aimed to investigate the association of general and central obesity with hypertension in Bangladeshi adults using WHO classification. Methods: A Cross-sectional study of Bangladeshi adults (both males and females) aged (20-65 years). General obesity was determined by BMI in kg/m2. WHO classification for BMI for Asian population are underweight (BMI <18.5), normal (BMI 18.5-23.5), overweight (BMI 23.5-27.5) and obese (BMI ˃27.5). Central obesity was defined as a WC≥80 cm for females and ≥90 cm for males. Hypertension was defined by systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140mmHg and/or, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90mmHg and/ or, intake of anti-hypertensive drugs at the time of data collection. Prehypertension was defined as SBP 120–139mmHg; and/or DBP 80–89mmHg. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association of general and central obesity with hypertension. Results: In this study, the overall prevalence of hypertension in Bangladeshi males and females was 15.3% and 6.0% respectively. The males had a higher prevalence of general obesity (13.3%), central obesity (35.3%) and hypertension (15.3%) compared to the females (13.0, 28.5, and 6.0%, respectively). The odds of having hypertension for general and central obesity were 2.18 95% CI (1.12-4.23), 1.53 95% CI (0.94-2.5) while adjusted odds ratio (aOR) were 1.31 95% CI (0.76-2.27) and 1.67 95% CI 0.97-2.87 respectively. Conclusion: Thus, not only general obesity but also central obesity should be used to assess obesity in Bangladeshi adults.
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Albeeybe, Jumanah, Abdulaziz Alomer, Tasneem Alahmari, et al. "Body Size Misperception and Overweight or Obesity among Saudi College-Aged Females." Journal of Obesity 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5246915.
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The aim of the study was to investigate the associations between perceived and desired body size and overweight and obesity among college-aged females. A multistage stratified cluster random sample was used to select 907 healthy females from a major Saudi public university. The Stunkard Figure Rating Scale (FRS) was used for body size assessment. Overweight/obesity classification was based on BMI less than or equal to/greater than 25 kg/m2. Overweight plus obesity prevalence was 28.1%. There were significant differences between females with overweight/obesity and those without overweight/obesity in both perceived and desired body size scores. Compared with only 4% of females without overweight/obesity, 37% of the participants with overweight/obesity scored higher than five (median) in the FRS. The perceived body size correlated more strongly with many of the selected variables than did the desired body size, especially with BMI (r=0.679; p<0.001), body weight (r=0.652; p<0.001), and weight loss attempts (r=0.466; p<0.001). Also, there was a significant relationship between BMI and weight loss attempts (r=0.370; p<0.001). BMI and weight loss attempts appear to predict the perceived body size and the discrepancy between perceived and desired body size scores. Psychosocial and lifestyle factors that might influence female’s body misperception need to be addressed in future studies.
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Filatova, O., S. Polovinkin, E. Baklanova, I. Plyasova, and Yu Burtsev. "Constitutional features of females with different types of obesity." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 8, no. 2 (2018): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2018_356.
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<p>We investigated 214 females aged 35-73 years. We divided them into groups of reproductive and menopausal age. We used methods of anthropometry and bioimpedanceometry. We performed somatotyping according to the schemes of Rees-Eisenck, Tanner. The proportion of obese individuals significantly increased in the menopausal period. The body mass index was higher in the group of menopausal females with android obesity. The higher body weight in the same group was caused by the higher fat mass of the body in both absolute and relative magnitudes. The index of normalized basal metabolism based on bioimpedanceometry was lower in women with android obesity. The groups studied did not differ in the proportion of somatotypes according to the Tanner classification. The percentage of pyknic bodies was higher in females with android obesity. The trend of obesity risk in pyknics was 1.5 times higher (p = 0.182). The risk of developing android obesity in pyknics was higher by 4.7 times (p &lt;0.001).</p><p> </p>
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Iftekhar, Malik Faisal, Said Zaman, H. m. Saadan Saqib, Arshad Ali Shah, Syed Dilbahar Ali Shah, and Misdaq Batool. "Association of Central Obesity with Cardiovascular Diseases." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 3 (2022): 341–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22163341.
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Background: An increased trend of central obesity in general population has increased their risk of cardiovascular disease in various populations. Aims: To find an association between central obesity and cardiovascular disease. Study Design: Survey based study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Cardiology, MTI Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from 1st October 2020 to 30th September 2021. Methodology: Four hundred and twenty community participants were assessed for their central obesity via waist circumference measurement. Their lipid profiling, fasting blood sugar and exercise tolerance test was also conducted. Results: The mean age was 56.77±12.6 years with 61.9% females and 38.09% as male participants. The waist circumference ≥90cm in males was 7.5% while it was 15.3% in females. The socioeconomic status of the males and females with higher waist circumference was more as low to middle class. The odds ratio comparison within males and females showed a significant variance among ages, BMI and socioeconomic status in term of family income. The biochemical analysis of various participants blood samples showed dyslipidemia, ischemia and risk of atherosclerosis to be higher in central obesity participants than normal weight (p value <0.005). Conclusion: There is a strong association of central obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Keywords: Association, Central Obesity, Cardiovascular disease
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Padilla, Jaume, Makenzie L. Woodford, Guido Lastra-Gonzalez, et al. "Sexual Dimorphism in Obesity-Associated Endothelial ENaC Activity and Stiffening in Mice." Endocrinology 160, no. 12 (2019): 2918–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2019-00483.
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Abstract Obesity and insulin resistance stiffen the vasculature, with females appearing to be more adversely affected. As augmented arterial stiffness is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the increased predisposition of women with obesity and insulin resistance to arterial stiffening may explain their heightened risk for CVD. However, the cellular mechanisms by which females are more vulnerable to arterial stiffening associated with obesity and insulin resistance remain largely unknown. In this study, we provide evidence that female mice are more susceptible to Western diet–induced endothelial cell stiffening compared with age-matched males. Mechanistically, we show that the increased stiffening of the vascular intima in Western diet–fed female mice is accompanied by enhanced epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity in endothelial cells (EnNaC). Our data further indicate that: (i) estrogen signaling through estrogen receptor α (ERα) increases EnNaC activity to a larger extent in females compared with males, (ii) estrogen-induced activation of EnNaC is mediated by the serum/glucocorticoid inducible kinase 1 (SGK-1), and (iii) estrogen signaling stiffens endothelial cells when nitric oxide is lacking and this stiffening effect can be reduced with amiloride, an ENaC inhibitor. In aggregate, we demonstrate a sexual dimorphism in obesity-associated endothelial stiffening, whereby females are more vulnerable than males. In females, endothelial stiffening with obesity may be attributed to estrogen signaling through the ERα–SGK-1–EnNaC axis, thus establishing a putative therapeutic target for female obesity-related vascular stiffening.
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Biwer, Lauren A., Brigett V. Carvajal, Qing Lu, Joshua J. Man, and Iris Z. Jaffe. "Mineralocorticoid and Estrogen Receptors in Endothelial Cells Coordinately Regulate Microvascular Function in Obese Female Mice." Hypertension 77, no. 6 (2021): 2117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16911.
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Obesity impairs endothelial-mediated vasodilation, the earliest step in vascular disease and a contributor to hypertension. We previously demonstrated that endothelial cell MR (mineralocorticoid receptor) deletion prevents obesity-induced microvascular dysfunction in females by increasing nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasodilation. ERα (Estrogen receptor α) can oppose MR function, therefore, we hypothesized that ERα mediates the benefits of endothelial MR deficiency. Females lacking endothelial MR or wild-type littermates were fed control or high-fat diet for 20 weeks to cause obesity. MR deletion improved mesenteric artery endothelial-dependent vasodilation in obese females, and ex vivo ERα inhibition negated this protective effect. Endothelial MR deletion resulted in significantly more ERα mRNA and protein. In vitro, estrogen increased endothelial NO synthase phosphorylation, and this was inhibited by aldosterone and dependent on MR. Both proteins coimmunoprecipitated with striatin and a mimetic peptide that disrupts ERα-striatin binding also decreased MR-striatin interaction. Finally, removing endothelial MR in obese females restored endothelial function by increasing the NO component of vasodilation. Combined deletion of endothelial ERα negated the benefit of endothelial MR deletion. These results indicate that endothelial ERα prevents the detrimental effects of MR in obesity by increasing NO to rescue vasodilation in females. MR and ERα may compete for striatin binding within endothelial cells to regulate NO. These data identify a novel mechanism that promotes MR antagonism to prevent obesity-induced microvascular dysfunction in females.
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Badran, Mohammad, and Ismail Laher. "Obesity in Arabic-Speaking Countries." Journal of Obesity 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/686430.
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Obesity has reached epidemic proportions throughout the globe, and this has also impacted people of the Arabic-speaking countries, especially those in higher-income, oil-producing countries. The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents ranges from 5% to 14% in males and from 3% to 18% in females. There is a significant increase in the incidence of obesity with a prevalence of 2%–55% in adult females and 1%–30% in adult males. Changes in food consumption, socioeconomic and demographic factors, physical activity, and multiple pregnancies may be important factors that contribute to the increased prevalence of obesity engulfing the Arabic-speaking countries.
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Thapliyal, Vinita, Karuna Singh, and Anil Joshi. "CATASTROPHIC SHIFT OF OBESITY IN THREE ZONES OF SUB-HIMALAYAN REGION, INDIA, AND ITS CORELATION WITH THE DIETARY INTAKE." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 4 (2018): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i4.24798.
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Objective: The objective is to study the prevalence of obesity and overweight in three zones of sub-Himalayan Region and its corelation with the dietary intake.Methods: A survey was conducted in three zones of Uttrakhand (Dehradun, Rudraprayag, and Uttarkashi), India, representing the urban, semi-urban, and rural village population (18–45 years) of the state. For the study, 100 adults were selected from each of the 3 zones, respectively, to make a total sample size of 300 adults using purposive random sampling.Results: The high prevalence obesity and overweight occur among urban zone (Dehradun), followed by semi-urban zone, Rudraprayag, district of Uttrakhand. In Dehradun, 6.1% of males and 29.4% of females were obese, whereas 62.1% males and 58.8% of females were overweight. In Rudraprayag, 13.6% of males and 14.6% of females were obese, whereas 35.6% of males and 39% of females were overweight. In rural zone (Uttarkashi), there were no cases of obesity among both males and females.Conclusion: A high prevalence rate of obesity was depicted in the urban zone of Uttrakhand region. Urbanization seems to have a positive significant impact on the prevalence of obesity with women being at greater risk.
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NIKISHOVA, T. V., A. A. YAKUPOVA, R. A. YAKUPOV, I. F. SHAFIKOV, and M. N. GRISHKINA. "Preventive differentiated therapy of exogenous-constitutional obesity recurrence in females." Practical medicine 21, no. 4 (2023): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32000/2072-1757-2023-4-76-80.
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The purpose — to develop a method for preventive differentiated therapy of exogenous-constitutional obesity recurrence in females based on monitoring of psychophysiological reactivity and neurohumoral regulation. Material and methods. 241 females with exogenous-constitutional obesity and 45 healthy females were examined. The patients of the main (123 persons) and control (118 persons) groups were under observation during 8 months. The body mass index, the leptin hormone level, and the duration of blink reflex were assessed on monitoring. Reflexotherapy, diet therapy and physiotherapy were applied in the main group. Statistical processing was performed by nonparametric methods. Results. Variants of developing obesity recurrence were determined: 1) with primary change of psychophysiological reactivity; 2) with primary change of neurohumoral regulation. In the first variant, reflexotherapy was prescribed, and in the second — hypocaloric diet and physiotherapy. The obesity recurrence in the control group was registered in 85.6% of all observations, and in the main group — in 14.6% of observations (p < 0.01). Conclusions. The proposed method of preventive differentiated therapy based on monitoring of psychophysiological reactivity and neurohumoral regulation allowed decreasing the recurrence rate in females with exogenous-constitutional obesity.
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Pourali, Fathollah, Mostafa Araj-Khodaei, Mohammad Hasan Sahebihagh, et al. "Obesity Prevalence Among Older People in Tabriz, Iran: Data from Health Status of Aged People in Tabriz (HSA-T) Study." International Journal of Aging 1 (May 30, 2023): e8. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ija.2023.e8.
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Objectives: To estimate the obesity prevalence in a representative sample of community-dwelling older adults in Tabriz, Iran. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting(s): Tabriz, the capital of East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. Participants: A representative sample of 1071 (514 males and 557 females) community-dwelling older adults aged≥60 years were selected using the probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling method. Then, anthropometric measures were conducted on 1041 subjects (506 males and 535 females). Outcome Measures: Anthropometric measures including weight, height, body mass index (BMI), hip circumference (HC), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHpR) were conducted and used for the evaluation of overweight and obesity. Obesity was determined according to traditional BMI classifications and population-appropriate WC criterion cut-offs for the estimation of central adiposity. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 37.4%, 95% CI: 34.5 to 40.4 and 34.3%, 95% CI: 31.4 to 37.3, respectively. Obesity was more prevalent in females (46.6%, 95% CI: 36.9 to 57.2) than in males (21.2, 95% CI: 13.5 to 30.3), but the overweight prevalence was greater in males. Moreover, mean BMI was lower in males than in females (26.9±4.2 kg/ m2 vs. 29.9±6.0 kg/m2 ; P<0.001) and significantly decreased with increasing age. Similarly, mean WC was lower in males than in females (99.7±13.6 cm vs. 102.3±14.3 cm; P=0.002) and decreased significantly with age. Conclusions: The high prevalence of obesity in older people highlights the necessity of designing effective healthy lifestyle interventions and national policies to focus on dietary modification and lifestyle changes and promote physical activity to reduce obesity in aged people, particularly in older Iranian women.
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NV, Agu, Ulasi TO, Okeke KN, et al. "Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Secondary Schools Adolescents in Onitsha, Anambra State Nigeria." International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Invention 9, no. 01 (2022): 5891–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijmsci/v9i01.02.
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Background: The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, both in developed and developing countries. In Nigeria, obesity is emerging as an important public health problem. Childhood and adolescent obesity results in adult obesity with the resultant morbidities. Objectives: This study determines the prevalence of overweight and obesity in apparently healthy secondary school adolescents. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study of secondary school adolescents aged 10-19 years randomly selected from two public schools and three private schools. The weights and heights of the study subjects were measured using standard equipment. BMI was computed using the standard formula weight (kg) / height2 (m). Using the WHO; 2007 age and sex-specific BMI percentile cut-offs, the subjects were classified as underweight (3rd to <15th percentile), normal (15th to <85th percentile), overweight (85th to <97th percentile) or obese ≥97th percentile. Results: Data were initially collected from 1250 participants, but 52 were excluded from improperly completed questionnaires. Thus, 1198 students were ultimately included in the study, giving a response rate of 95.8%. These included 621 females (51.8%) and 577 males (48.2%) aged 10-19 years, giving an F: M ratio of approximately 1: 0.9. The mean age of the students was 15.07 ±1.96 years overall, 15.13 ± 2.08 years for males and 15.03 ± 1.83 years for females. There was no statistically significant difference between males and females in the distribution of age groups (p=0.12). The mean BMI was 21.51±3.57kg/m2 for females and 20.22±3.16kg/m2 for males. The BMI was significantly higher in females in all age groups (p<0.001) except for those aged 10-<12 years (p=0.13). The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 14.4% and 5.1%, respectively. The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were significantly higher in females than males (17.7% vs 10.7%, 5.6% vs 4.5% respectively (p<0.001) and most prevalent among the early adolescence (10<12yrs; p= 0.04). Conclusion: Prevalence of overweight and obesity is high among secondary school adolescents in Onitsha, Anambra state. There is a need for regular monitoring of weight and height as an early measure to prevent and control overweight and obesity.
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Maknoon Razia, Dur E., Asif Shahzad, Shoukat Hussain, Nimra Bashir Qureshi, Nazima Anwaar, and Amreen Aftab. "Impact of Obesity in Male and Female Infertility." FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2, no. 2 (2021): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/fcs.v2i2.36.
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Obesity have negative effects on the fertility of males and females. In females the obesity can induce hormonal imbalances for example adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin, omentin, chemerin) on reproductive axis, irregularities in menstrual cycle, reduce conception rate and complications in pregnancy. The adverse effect is insulin resistance and insulin excess that is associated with PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome)-irregular periods. In males the obesity affects HPG gland that in turn disturb the endocrine regulation of reproductive function with high level of estrogen and low level of testosterone, progesterone, and SHBG (sex-hormone binding globulin). DNA damage of sperm, high scrotal temperature because of highly fatted scrotum area, low production of sperms and decreased motility of sperm are all the effects of obesity in males that cause infertility. The aim of the review article is to thoroughly cover the effect of obesity on reproductive functions, hormonal concentrations & fertility potential in females & males.
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Murphy, Jessica, Abdulrahman Dera, José A. Morais, et al. "Age of obesity onset affects subcutaneous adipose tissue cellularity differently in the abdominal and femoral region." Obesity 32, no. 8 (2024): 1508–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oby.24059.
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AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to examine the effect of age of obesity onset, sex, and their interaction on abdominal and femoral subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) morphology (degree of adipocyte hyperplasia or hypertrophy).MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we isolated adipocytes via collagenase digestion from abdominal and femoral SAT biopsies taken from male and female adults with childhood‐onset obesity (CO; n = 8 males, n = 16 females) or adult‐onset obesity (AO; n = 8 males, n = 13 females). Regional body composition was measured with dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry and a single‐slice abdominal computed tomography scan. Mean adipocyte size was measured in abdominal and femoral SAT and was used to quantify morphology in android and gynoid subcutaneous fat, respectively.ResultsAbdominal SAT morphology was more hyperplastic in females with CO than females with AO (p = 0.004) but did not differ between males with CO and males with AO (p = 0.996). Conversely, femoral SAT morphology was more hypertrophic in males and females with CO than those with AO.ConclusionsAge of obesity onset appears to affect SAT morphology differently in the abdominal and femoral regions of male and female adults. Our findings challenge the notion that SAT is uniformly hyperplastic in CO and hypertrophic in AO.