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Johnson, Lisa Godefroy. "The relationship of obesity-related metabolic hormones and prognosis in young women with breast cancer /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10874.
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Gadéa-Deschamps, Émilie. "Impact de la chimiothérapie sur le métabolisme énergétique des patientes atteintes d'un cancer du sein non métastatique : Mécanismes impliqués et conséquences métaboliques." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF1MM04.
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De nos jours, les femmes sont confrontées à deux tendances épidémiologiques fortes : une constante augmentation de l’incidence de l’obésité, et l’augmentation de l’incidence du cancer du sein. Les Françaises de plus de 50 ans doivent faire face à ces deux problèmes majeurs de santé publique, l’obésité pouvant augmenter le risque de cancer du sein de 30 à 50% en post-ménopause. Néanmoins, grâce aux progrès du dépistage et des thérapies, la mortalité diminue, et le nombre de femmes ayant reçues un traitement contre le cancer du sein augmente. Les traitements par chimiothérapie présentent de nombreux effets secondaires, parmi lesquels une variation de poids significative au cours du traitement (gain ou perte) qui semble perdurer dans le temps. Que ce soit une perte ou un gain de poids, une telle variation a été associée à un mauvais pronostic pour ces patientes. S’agissant de données principalement issues de cohortes américaines présentant un IMC plus élevé qu’une population européenne, le centre Jean Perrin a mené une étude rétrospective afin de vérifier ces résultats sur une population française (Thivat et al. 2010). Cette étude a tout d’abord confirmé qu’un IMC élevé au moment du diagnostic était associé un mauvais pronostic. De plus, la variation de poids observé au cours du traitement par chimiothérapie (gain et perte ≥5% du poids initial) était associée à une augmentation significative du risque de rechute et de décès. Néanmoins, les causes de cette variation de poids et les mécanismes impliqués dans ce mauvais pronostic restent encore mal connus. L’objectif de ce travail est de caractériser la variation de poids en termes de composition corporelle et d’étudier les facteurs de la balance énergétique responsables de ces variations. Les facteurs biologiques associés à la variation de la composition corporelle, potentiellement impliqués dans le mauvais pronostic, sont également étudiés. Le premier chapitre consiste en une étude bibliographique permettant de décrire la pathologie du cancer du sein (partie I), les modifications du métabolisme énergétique suite à un traitement par chimiothérapie (partie II), le rôle du tissu adipeux brun dans la régulation du métabolisme énergétique (partie III) et pour finir, l’impact des modifications du métabolisme énergétique sur la santé des patientes (partie IV). Dans le deuxième chapitre sont présentés les résultats des études réalisées. La première étude, toujours en cours, est exposée sous forme de rapport, tandis que les deux suivantes sont sous forme d’article. Une discussion générale de l’ensemble des résultats dégage les perspectives de recherche à envisager pour donner suite à ce travail<br>Today, women face two strong epidemiological trends: a steady increase in the incidence of obesity, and an increase in the incidence of breast cancer. French women over the age of 50 face these two major public health problems, with postmenopausal obesity increasing the risk of breast cancer by 30 to 50%. Nevertheless, thanks to advances in screening and therapies, mortality is decreasing, and the number of women who have received treatment for breast cancer is increasing.Chemotherapy treatments have many side effects, including a significant change in weight during treatment (gain or loss) that seems to persist over time. Whether it is gain or loss, such weight variation has been associated with poor prognosis for these patients. Since data come mainly from American cohorts with a higher BMI than a European population, the Jean Perrin Center conducted a retrospective study to verify these results in a French population (Thivat et al., 2010). This study first confirmed that a high BMI at the time of diagnosis was associated with a poor prognosis. In addition, the weight change observed during chemotherapy treatment (gain and loss ≥5% of initial weight) was associated with a significant increase in the risk of relapse and death. Nevertheless, the causes of this weight variation and the mechanisms involved in this poor prognosis are still insufficiently understood. The objective of this work is to characterize the variation of weight in terms of body composition and to study the factors of the energy balance responsible for these variations. Biological factors associated with the change in body composition, potentially implicated in the poor prognosis, are also studied. The first chapter consists in a bibliographic review describing the pathology of breast cancer (Part I), the changes in energy metabolism following chemotherapy treatment (Part II), the role of brown adipose tissue in the regulation of energy metabolism (Part III) and finally, the impact of changes in energy metabolism on patient health (Part IV). In the second chapter the results of the studies carried out are presented. The first study, still in progress, is presented as a report, while the next two are in article form. A general discussion of all the results identifies the research perspectives to be considered in order to follow up on this work
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Zorlini, Renata. "Perfil nutricional pre-operatorio de mulheres com cancer ginecologico e mamario." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311114.
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Orientador: Maria Salete Costa Gurgel<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-11T21:11:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2007<br>Resumo: Introdução: As mulheres com câncer ginecológico ou de mama apresentam, freqüentemente, alterações do estado nutricional como a desnutrição e a obesidade, devido à própria doença como também ao tratamento a que são submetidas: cirurgia, quimioterapia e/ou radioterapia. Tais alterações podem trazer complicações no pós-operatório como aumento do período de hospitalização, dos custos hospitalares e piora do prognóstico. Para identificar este problema, a avaliação nutricional pode ser o melhor método para tratar os distúrbios nutricionais, como a desnutrição e/ou a obesidade, melhorar a resposta terapêutica e o prognóstico das pacientes. Objetivo: Identificar o perfil nutricional pré-operatório de mulheres com câncer ginecológico ou mamário e correlacioná-lo à localização e estádio da doença e tratamentos oncológicos (quimioterapia e/ou radioterapia) prévios. Sujeitos e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal com 250 mulheres avaliadas no pré-operatório de cirurgias oncologicas no CAISM/Unicamp, pelo Índice de Massa Corpórea e pela Avaliação Nutricional Subjetiva Global, no período de agosto de 2003 a abril de 2005. Para análise dos dados foram aplicados os testes Qui-Quadrado e Índice de Concordância entre os dois métodos, assumindo-se o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: O câncer da mama foi o mais freqüente, predominando em 56,2%. A mediana da idade foi de 52 anos; em cerca de 57% dos casos a neoplasia se restringia aos estádios clínicos 0, I e II, e 77% das mulheres não realizaram outro tratamento oncológico pré-cirurgico. A Avaliação Nutricional Subjetiva Global detectou 76% de mulheres eutróficas e 24% desnutridas, enquanto o Índice de Massa Corpórea identificou 34% de mulheres eutróficas, 3,6% desnutridas e 62,4% com sobrepeso/obesidade. A concordância do diagnóstico de eutrofia e desnutrição pelos dois métodos foi baixa [63,8%; kappa (IC 95%) = 0,0884 (-0,07 ¿ 0,24)]. Não foram observadas correlações entre as avaliações nutricionais e os tratamentos prévios e estádios da doença. Quanto à localização anatômica, segundo a Avaliação Nutricional Subjetiva Global, as mulheres com câncer do corpo do útero eram mais desnutridas que as demais (p=0,02). Conclusões: Os achados sugerem que uma avaliação mais criteriosa deva ser empregada para identificação do estado nutricional pré-operatório em mulheres com câncer ginecológico ou mamário. Palavras-chave: perfil nutricional; avaliação nutricional; desnutrição; obesidade; câncer ginecológico; câncer de mama; pré-operatório<br>Abstract: Introduction: The oncologic patient often undergoes several surgical procedures and nutritional status is usually altered during hospitalization, resulting in a worse prognosis. The association between cancer and malnutrition or obesity has many consequences, including increased risk of infection, increased length of hospitalization, poor wound healing, reduction in muscle function and its consequences, thus affecting response to therapy. Objective: To identify the preoperative nutritional profile of women with gynecologic or breast cancer, in correlation with disease site and staging as well as previous treatments. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 250 women evaluated by Body Mass Index and Subjective Global Assessment from August 2003 to April 2005. For data analysis, the chi-square test was applied and the agreement between the diagnoses of normal nutrition and malnutrition was calculated by both methods using kappa coefficient and its 95% confidence interval. Results: Breast cancer was the most frequent cancer, predominating in 56.2%. The median age of the patients was 52 years. In about 57% of these women, the tumor was restricted to clinical stages 0, I and II and 77% of the women had not undergone any other oncologic treatment prior to surgery. Subjective Global Assessment detected 76% of nourished women and 24% undernourished women, while Body Mass Index identified 34% of nourished women, 3.6% undernourished women and 62.4% overweight/obese women. A low level of diagnostic agreement between normal nutrition and malnutrition by both methods was observed (63.8%; kappa (95% CI) = 0.0884 (-0.07 ¿ 0.24). No correlation between nutritional evaluation and previous treatment and disease staging was observed. Concerning anatomic site, it was subjectively observed that women with cancer of the uterine corpus were more malnourished than the rest (p=0.02). Conclusions: The findings suggest that a more careful evaluation should be employed to identify preoperative nutritional status in women with gynecologic or breast cancer. Keywords: nutritional profile; assessment; malnutrition; obesity; gynecologic cancer; breast cancer; preoperative<br>Mestrado<br>Ciencias Biomedicas<br>Mestre em Tocoginecologia
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Gimenez, Rodrigo Pinto 1966. "Expressão proteica da adiponectina, receptores de adiponectina tipos 1 e 2 e da adipocyte fatty acid binding protein no carcinoma invasor, nas suas lesões precursoras e nas lesões benignas da mama = Protein expression of adiponectin, adiponectin receptors types 1 and 2 and adipocyte fatty acid binding protein in breast cancer, its precursor lesions and benign breast lesions." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311116.
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Orientadores: Maria Salete Costa Gurgel, Sílvia de Barros-Mazon<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T03:12:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2013<br>Resumo: Introdução: A obesidade tem se mostrado responsável pelo aumento de 30% a 50% dos casos novos de câncer de mama, em particular na pós-menopausa. A mais recente hipótese para explicar tal fato situa os adipócitos e suas funções autócrina, parácrina e endócrina no centro do cenário, através da relação das adipocinas, por ele secretadas, com a obesidade e o câncer de mama. Objetivo: Artigo 1- Comparar o padrão de expressão imunoistoquímica da adiponectina (APN) e dos seus receptores tipos 1 e 2 (adipoR1/R2) no carcinoma invasor (CDI), carcinoma ductal in situ (CDIS) e lesões benignas da mama (BE) e correlacioná-los com parâmetros clínicos e histológicos. Artigo 2- Avaliar a expressão protéica da FABP4 nos tecidos epiteliais e adiposos mamário de portadoras de CDI, CDIS e lesões benignas da mama. Material e Métodos: Foram incluídos os blocos de parafina de 223 mulheres sendo 69 com CDI, 73 com CDIS e 81 com biópsias negativas para câncer de mama, tratadas no CAISM/UNICAMP de janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2011, e preparadas lâminas de Tissue Microarray (TMA). A expressão de APN e Adipo R1/R2 foi avaliada no tecido tumoral nos casos CDI e CDIS e no tecido epitelial e nos casos benignos. A expressão de FABP4 foi avaliada no tecido tumoral, na gordura peritumoral (GP) e na gordura mamária distante (GD) nos casos de CDI e CDIS, e no tecido epitelial e gorduras mamários nos casos benignos. Para avaliar uma possível relação entre a expressão dos marcadores entre si e com parâmetros antropométricos, clínicos e histopatológicos, foram utilizados os testes qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis e correlação de Spearman. As determinações foram calculadas considerando o valor de ?=0,05 (p<0,05). Resultados: Artigo 1 - A APN mostrou-se expressa em 65% dos CDI, 48% dos CDIS e 12% das BE e AdipoR1 em 98%, 94% e 71%, respectivamente. Todos os casos de CDI e CDIS expressaram AdipoR2 contra 81% de BE. Nos CDI e CDIS observou-se associação entre maior expressão de APN e tumores RE negativo. No CDIS esta associação foi também observada com RP negativo. Artigo 2 - Observou-se expressão protéica da FABP4 no tecido epitelial em 90% dos CDI, 40% dos CDIS e 28% em BE. Considerando-se a GP e GD esta expressão foi maior nas BE que nos CDI, diferenças consideradas significativas. Nas pacientes com CDI a expressão da FABP4 foi maior quando o diagnóstico ocorreu até 50 anos de idade. A totalidade dos casos expressou moderada a intensamente este marcador no tecido gorduroso periepitelial e distante. Conclusões: As diferenças de expressões protéicas da adiponectina e dos seus receptores AdipoR1/R2 observadas em diferentes diagnósticos mamários sugerem sua participação no complexo mecanismo etiológico destas diferentes condições. Os resultados deste estudo indicam, ainda, que existe uma correlação direta entre expressão protéica da FABP4, câncer de mama e obesidade<br>Abstract: Introduction: Obesity has been shown to be responsible for a 30 to 50% increase in new breast cancer cases, in particular in the postmenopausal period. The most recent hypothesis that explains this fact places adipocytes and its autocrine, paracrine and endocrine functions at center stage, linking adipokines secreted by adipocytes to obesity and breast cancer. Objective: Article 1- to compare immunohistochemistry expression pattern of adiponectin (APN) and its receptors types 1 and 2 (adipoR1/R2) in invasive carcinoma (IDC), ductal carcinoma in situ (CDIS) and benign breast lesions (BE), correlated with clinical and histological parameters. Article 2- To assess FABP4 protein expression in epithelial and adipose breast tissue in women diagnosed with IDC, DCIS and benign breast lesions. Material and Methods: Paraffin-embedded blocks from 223 women were included. Of the total number of women, 69 had IDC CDI, 73 had CDIS and 81 had biopsies negative for breast cancer. The patients have been treated at CAISM/Unicamp from January 2008 to December 2011 and Tissue Microarray (TMA) slides were constructed. Expression of APN and Adipo R1/R2 was assessed in tumor tissue in cases of IDC and DCIS and in epithelial tissue in benign cases. FABP4 expression was evaluated in tumor tissue, peritumoral fat tissue (PF) and distant fat breast tissue (DF) in cases of IDC and DCIS and in the epithelial tissue and breast fat tissue in benign cases. To assess a possible relationship between marker expression and anthropometric, clinical and histopathological parameters, the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman's correlation were used. Determinations were calculated, considering a value ?=0.05 (p<0.05) as significant. Results: Article 1 - APN was shown to be expressed in 65% of IDC, 48% of DCIS and 12% of BE and AdipoR1 in 98%, 94% and 71%, respectively. All IDC and DCIS cases expressed AdipoR2 versus 81% of BE. In IDC and DCIS, an association between a higher level of APN expression and ER-negative tumors was observed. In DCIS, this association was also observed with PR-negative tumors. Article 2 - FABP4 protein expression was observed in epithelial tissue in 90% of CDI, 40% of DCIS and 28% of BE. Considering PF and DF, FABP4 expression had a higher level in BE than in IDC, a difference that was considered significant. In patients with IDC, FABP4 expression was higher when diagnosis was made in patients aged up to 50 years. In all cases, this marker was moderately to intensely expressed in the peri-epithelial and distant fat tissue. Conclusions: Discrepancies in protein expression of adiponectin and its receptors AdipoR1/R2 observed in different breast diagnoses suggest its participation in the complex etiologic mechanism of these different conditions. Our results indicate that there is a direct correlation between FABP4 protein expression, breast cancer and obesity<br>Doutorado<br>Oncologia Ginecológica e Mamária<br>Doutor em Ciências da Saúde
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Fredriksson, Irma. "Local recurrence after breast conserving surgery in breast cancer /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-255-8/.
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Marchena, Carmen L., Stephany I. Urcia, and Carlos Canelo-Aybar. "Prostate cancer detection: the effect of obesity on Asian men." Elsevier B.V, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/609851.
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Saarela, A. (Arto). "Diagnosis and surgical treatment of suspicious nonpalpable breast lesions and early breast cancer." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 1999. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514253604.
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Abstract
The purposes of the present research were to evaluate (1)
the value of ultrasonographically guided fine-needle aspiration
biopsy (US-FNAB) in nonpalpable suspicious breast lesions, (2)
the preoperative use of methylene blue staining in nonpalpable
galactographically suspicious breast lesions, (3) the determinants
of positive histologic margins and residual cancer in wire-guided
biopsy (WGB) of nonpalpable breast cancer and in lumpectomy for
early breast cancer and the determinants of positive radiologic
margins and the correlation between radiologic and histologic margins
and residual disease in WGB of nonpalpable breast cancer, (4) the
assessment of lumpectomy margins by touch preparation cytology
in early breast cancer, and (5) the cosmetic outcome of WGB performed
for benign breast lesions.
The sensitivity and specificity of US-FNAB in 90 nonpalpable
breast lesions were 84% and 93%, respectively.
Preoperative methylene blue staining was successful in 22 out of
30 (73%) cases, making subsequent selective minimal volume
microdochectomy easy to perform. Multivariate analysis of 21 prospectively
evaluated variables was done after 71 WGBs of nonpalpable breast
cancer followed by 54 re-excisions. Large mammographic lesions
had more often positive radiologic margins. Multifocality, large
pathologic size and superficial excision were related to positive histologic
margins and multifocality to residual disease in re-excisions.
The sensitivity and specificity of specimen radiography for predicting
histologic margins were 38% and 81% and those
for residual disease 27% and 79%, respectively.
The corresponding figures for histologic margins in predicting
residual disease were 85% and 59%, respectively.
In a prospective series of 55 consecutive lumpectomies for early
breast cancer, positive histologic margins were found more often in
the presence of intraductal cancer and if the pathologic size of
the index tumor was large. Residual disease was found in 38% of
the cases with positive and in 15% of the cases with negative
histologic margins. A multifocal and nonpalpable index tumor predicted
residual cancer in 34 re-excision specimens. The sensitivity and
specificity of touch preparation cytology in predicting histologic margins
were 38% and 85%, respectively. In WGB, the overall
cosmesis 6 months after surgery was satisfactory in 75 % of
the 101 prospectively evaluated patients with benign proven lesions. Cosmesis
was poorer after deep excisions and complications.
The results indicate that US-FNAB is a useful tool in evaluating
nonpalpable suspicious breast lesions. Preoperative methylene blue
staining crucially facilitates selective minimal volume microdochectomy
in three-quarters of cases. To obtain free margins in WGB, mammographically
and pathologically large lesions should be removed with wider excisions
extending down to the fascia. However, radiologic margins in WGB
and histologic margins both in WGB and in lumpectomy for early
breast cancer may be misleading. Re-excision of the biopsy site
of multifocal tumors after WGB and lumpectomy should be considered.
This is also important after superficial excision in WGB due to
the considerable risk of residual disease. Touch preparation cytology
cannot be recommended for the assessment of margins in lumpectomy
specimens of early breast cancer. Cosmetic outcome after WGB of
benign breast lesions is satisfactory in 75 % of cases.
Deep excisions and complications endanger the cosmetic outcome.
Preoperative biopsy and tumor localization methods have proven
their utility; nevertheless, free margins are still difficult to
obtain and to evaluate accurately. The surgeon may often be forced
to choose between free margins and an acceptable cosmetic outcome.
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Campbell, Bridie. "Beyond Breast Cancer: An exploration of the experiences of middle-aged female breast cancer survivors in Australia." Thesis, Occupational Therapy, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17795.
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Objective: Middle-aged women (40 – 65 years) who live with, through and beyond breast cancer (survivors), are a relatively under-researched population group, particularly within an Australian context. The unmet needs reported within this population include fatigue, psychological distress, body image concerns, early onset menopause, and a lack of information of these issues. The present study aims to explore how the experiences of breast cancer survivorship impact the lives of Australian middle-aged women (n = 644), and to inform future provision of care and support. Methods: This qualitative study used secondary survey data from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women’s Health (ALSWH) middle-age cohort gathered between 1996 – 2013. Researchers conducted a thematic analysis using consensus coding on data collected from participants in this group who reported breast cancer (including metastasised) in any survey. Results: This cohort reported a unique experience of breast cancer survivorship due to their age. Analysis developed the following themes: the middle-aged context of breast cancer; care and support, body changes, overcoming fears and maintaining balance; and finding a ‘new normal’. Conclusions: Breast cancer survivorship is a subjective experience; for many it involves chronic limitations and challenges. Investigation and application of survivorship care plans in Australia would benefit from greater inclusion of multidisciplinary professionals. This will help satisfy heretofore unmet information needs and associated psychological distress of breast cancer survivors which go above their biomedical concerns. Further recommendations include development of online support groups providing access to rehabilitation professionals, especially for otherwise isolated rural women.<br>Australian Longitudinal Study of Women's Health
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Dobson, Jason R. "Nuclear Organization in Breast Cancer: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2013. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/650.
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The nuclear matrix (NM) is a fibrogranular network of ribonucleoproteins upon which transcriptional complexes and regulatory genomic sequences are organized. A hallmark of cancer is the disorganization of nuclear architecture; however, the extent to which the NM is involved in malignancy is not well studied.
The RUNX1 and RUNX2 proteins form complexes within the NM to promote hematopoiesis and osteoblastogenesis, respectively at the transcriptional level. RUNX1 and RUNX2 are both expressed in breast cancer cells (BrCCs); however, their genome-wide BrCC functions are unknown. RUNX1 and RUNX2 activate many tumor suppressor pathways in blood and bone lineages, respectively, including attenuation of protein synthesis and cell growth via suppression of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription, which appears contrary to Runx-expression in highly proliferative BrCCs. To define roles for RUNX1 and RUNX2 in BrCC phenotype, we examined the involvement of RUNX1 and RUNX2 in rRNA transcription and generated a genome-wide model for RUNX1 and RUNX2-binding and transcriptional regulation. To validate gene expression patterns identified in our screen, we developed a Real-Time qPCR primer design program, which allows rapid, high-throughput design of primer pairs (FoxPrimer). In BrCCs, RUNX1 and RUNX2 regulate genes that promote invasiveness and do not affect rRNA transcription, protein synthesis, or cell growth. We have characterized in vitro functions of Runx proteins in BrCCs; however, the relationships between Runx expression and diagnostic/prognostic markers of breast cancer (BrCa) in patients are not well studied. Immunohistochemical detection of RUNX1 and RUNX2 in BrCa tissue microarrays reveals RUNX1 expression is associated with early, smaller tumors that are ER+ (estrogen receptor), HER2+, p53-, and correlated with androgen receptor (AR) expression; RUNX2 expression is associated with late-stage, larger tumors that are HER2+. These results show that the functions and expression patterns of NM-associated RUNX1 and RUNX2 are context-sensitive, which suggests potential disease-specific roles.
Two functionally disparate genomic sequence types bind to the NM: matrix associated regions (MARs) are functionally associated with transcriptional repression and scaffold associated regions (SARs) are functionally associated with actively expressed genes. It is unknown whether malignant nuclear disorganization affects the functions of MARs/SARs in BrCC. We have refined a method to isolate nuclear matrix associated DNA (NM-DNA) from a structurally preserved NM and applied this protocol to normal mammary epithelial cells and BrCCs. To define transcriptional functions for NM-DNA, we developed a computational algorithm (PeaksToGenes), which statistically tests the associations of experimentally-defined NM-DNA regions and ChIP-seq-defined positional enrichment of several histone marks with transcriptome-wide gene expression data. In normal mammary epithelial cells, NM-DNA is enriched in both MARs and SARs, and the positional enrichment patterns of MARs and SARs are strongly associated with gene expression patterns, suggesting functional roles. In contrast, the BrCCs are significantly enriched in the silencing mark H3K27me3, and the NM-DNA is enriched in MARs and depleted of SARs. The MARs/SARs in the BrCCs are only weakly associated with gene expression patterns, suggesting that loss of normal DNA-matrix associations accompanies the disease state. Our results show that structural preservation of the in situ NM allows isolation of both MARs and SARs, and further demonstrate that in a disorganized, cancerous nucleus, normal transcriptional functions of NM-DNA are disrupted.
Our studies on nuclear organization in BrCC, show that the disorganized phenotype of the cancer cell nucleus is accompanied by deregulated transcriptional functions of two constituents of the NM. These results reinforce the role of the NM as an important structure-function component of gene expression regulation.
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Dobson, Jason R. "Nuclear Organization in Breast Cancer: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2004. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/650.
Full textAbstract:
The nuclear matrix (NM) is a fibrogranular network of ribonucleoproteins upon which transcriptional complexes and regulatory genomic sequences are organized. A hallmark of cancer is the disorganization of nuclear architecture; however, the extent to which the NM is involved in malignancy is not well studied.
The RUNX1 and RUNX2 proteins form complexes within the NM to promote hematopoiesis and osteoblastogenesis, respectively at the transcriptional level. RUNX1 and RUNX2 are both expressed in breast cancer cells (BrCCs); however, their genome-wide BrCC functions are unknown. RUNX1 and RUNX2 activate many tumor suppressor pathways in blood and bone lineages, respectively, including attenuation of protein synthesis and cell growth via suppression of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription, which appears contrary to Runx-expression in highly proliferative BrCCs. To define roles for RUNX1 and RUNX2 in BrCC phenotype, we examined the involvement of RUNX1 and RUNX2 in rRNA transcription and generated a genome-wide model for RUNX1 and RUNX2-binding and transcriptional regulation. To validate gene expression patterns identified in our screen, we developed a Real-Time qPCR primer design program, which allows rapid, high-throughput design of primer pairs (FoxPrimer). In BrCCs, RUNX1 and RUNX2 regulate genes that promote invasiveness and do not affect rRNA transcription, protein synthesis, or cell growth. We have characterized in vitro functions of Runx proteins in BrCCs; however, the relationships between Runx expression and diagnostic/prognostic markers of breast cancer (BrCa) in patients are not well studied. Immunohistochemical detection of RUNX1 and RUNX2 in BrCa tissue microarrays reveals RUNX1 expression is associated with early, smaller tumors that are ER+ (estrogen receptor), HER2+, p53-, and correlated with androgen receptor (AR) expression; RUNX2 expression is associated with late-stage, larger tumors that are HER2+. These results show that the functions and expression patterns of NM-associated RUNX1 and RUNX2 are context-sensitive, which suggests potential disease-specific roles.
Two functionally disparate genomic sequence types bind to the NM: matrix associated regions (MARs) are functionally associated with transcriptional repression and scaffold associated regions (SARs) are functionally associated with actively expressed genes. It is unknown whether malignant nuclear disorganization affects the functions of MARs/SARs in BrCC. We have refined a method to isolate nuclear matrix associated DNA (NM-DNA) from a structurally preserved NM and applied this protocol to normal mammary epithelial cells and BrCCs. To define transcriptional functions for NM-DNA, we developed a computational algorithm (PeaksToGenes), which statistically tests the associations of experimentally-defined NM-DNA regions and ChIP-seq-defined positional enrichment of several histone marks with transcriptome-wide gene expression data. In normal mammary epithelial cells, NM-DNA is enriched in both MARs and SARs, and the positional enrichment patterns of MARs and SARs are strongly associated with gene expression patterns, suggesting functional roles. In contrast, the BrCCs are significantly enriched in the silencing mark H3K27me3, and the NM-DNA is enriched in MARs and depleted of SARs. The MARs/SARs in the BrCCs are only weakly associated with gene expression patterns, suggesting that loss of normal DNA-matrix associations accompanies the disease state. Our results show that structural preservation of the in situ NM allows isolation of both MARs and SARs, and further demonstrate that in a disorganized, cancerous nucleus, normal transcriptional functions of NM-DNA are disrupted.
Our studies on nuclear organization in BrCC, show that the disorganized phenotype of the cancer cell nucleus is accompanied by deregulated transcriptional functions of two constituents of the NM. These results reinforce the role of the NM as an important structure-function component of gene expression regulation.
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Zdenkowski, Nicholas. "Supporting decision-making about neoadjuvant therapy for women with breast cancer." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18361.
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Patients who have been diagnosed with breast cancer have a range of treatment options available to them. Patient involvement in decision-making is considered best practice, however due to the complexity of the options, health professionals not involving patients, and the distress of the diagnosis of cancer, patients may not be as involved as they wish to be. The decision about whether to receive neoadjuvant systemic therapy is one decision where the preferences of the patient influences treatment choice. Interviews with patients with a history of breast cancer indicated a desire for more information and involvement in the decision about neoadjuvant systemic therapy. In preference-sensitive situations such as this, patient decision aids have been shown to improve decision-related outcomes. The aim of this research was to identify and support the decisional needs of patients and clinicians who are considering neoadjuvant systemic therapy for operable breast cancer. A systematic review found that no decision aid was available for patients considering neoadjuvant systemic therapy for breast cancer. A survey of clinicians found high levels of interest in neoadjuvant systemic therapy, and a need for patient decision support. The studies described above laid the foundation for the development of a patient decision aid, using the International Patient Decision Aid Standards collaboration criteria, for women considering neoadjuvant systemic therapy for operable breast cancer. The evaluation study demonstrated that the decision aid was acceptable to patients and clinicians, and was feasible to use in clinical practice. After using the decision aid, patients had decreased decisional conflict, increased participation, and high satisfaction. Knowledge scores were acceptable, and anxiety and distress decreased over time. This decision aid is a new, effective resource developed in response to an identified need for information and decision support for women with early stage breast cancer who are considering neoadjuvant systemic therapy. Future work will focus on methods to optimise the implementation of the decision aid in routine practice on a global scale.
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Casey, Susan Marie. "Metastatic recurrent breast cancer : the couples' experience with role changes /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7253.
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Taraseviciute, Agne. "Tenascin-C in the pathogenesis of breast cancer /." Connect to full text via ProQuest. Limited to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus, 2008.
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Thesis (Ph.D. in Cell Biology, Stem Cells, and Development) -- University of Colorado Denver, 2008.<br>Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-114). Free to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;
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Cody, James Joseph. "A dual-action, armed replicating adenovirus for the treatment of bone metastases of breast cancer." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2008p/cody.pdf.
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TRIMBOLI, RUBINA MANUELA. "NEW TRENDS IN BREAST IMAGING FOR BREAST CANCER AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/699518.
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Background Qualitative, subjective reading of medical images have been the backbone of image interpretation for the past century, providing useful information to the treating physician. During the past two decades, advances in medical imaging technology have offered the possibility to extract high-resolution anatomic, physiologic, functional, biochemical, and metabolic information from clinical images, all of which reflect the molecular composition of the healthy or diseased tissue of organs imaged in the human body. We are now entering the era of ―quantitative imaging‖ recently formally defined as ―the extraction of quantifiable features from medical images for the assessment of normality, or the severity, degree of change, or status of a disease, injury, or chronic condition relative to normal‖. With appropriate calibration, most of the current imaging technologies can provide quantitative information about specific properties of the tissues being imaged. Purpose This doctoral thesis aims at exploring the possible use of imaging methods such as mammography and breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as imaging biomarkers, measuring functional, biochemical and metabolic characteristics of the breast through medical images. Part I. Breast arterial calcifications for cardiovascular risk Breast arterial calcifications (BAC) are easily recognizable on screening mammography and are associated with coronary artery disease. We tried to implement the estimation of BAC to be easily applicable in clinical prevention of cardiovascular disease. In particular, we evaluated the intra- and inter-observer reproducibility of i) a specifically developed semi-automatic tool and of ii) a semi-quantitative scale for BAC quantification on digital mammograms. Part II. Multiparametric breast MRI for breast cancer management Multiparametric breast MRI allows to simultaneously quantify and visualize multiple functional processes at the cellular and molecular levels to further elucidate the development and progression of breast cancer (BC) and the response to treatment. The purpose of our study was to verify the correlation between enhancement parameters derived from routine breast contrast-enhancement MRI and pathological prognostic factors in invasive BC as a condition for the use of MRI-derived imaging biomarkers in adjunct to traditional prognostic tools in clinical decision making. Part III. Artificial intelligence in Breast MRI Recent enthusiasm regarding the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) into health care and, in particular, into radiology has increased clinicians‘ expectations and also fears regarding the possible impact of AI on their profession. The large datasets provided by and potentially extractable from breast MRI make it the right 6 stuff for fitting AI applications. This session focuses on a systematic mapping review of the literature on AI application in breast MRI published during the past decade, analysing the phenomenon in terms of spread, clinical aim, used approach, and achieved results. Conclusions Medical images represent imaging biomarkers of considerable interest in evidence- based clinical decisionmaking, for therapeutic development and treatment monitoring. Among imaging biomarkers, BAC represent the added value of an ongoing and consolidated cancer screening to act for preventing the main cause of death among women in which traditional CV risk scores do not adequately perform. Breast MRI may act as a prognostic tool to improve BC management through the extraction of a plenty of functional cancer parameters. AI might certainly implement the use of imaging data interacting with and integrating quantitative imaging for improving patient outcome and reducing several sources of bias and variance in the quantitative results obtained from clinical images. The intrinsic multiparametric nature of MRI has the greatest potential to incorporate AI applications into the so called precision medicine. Nevertheless, AI applications are still not ready to be incorporated into clinical practice nor to replace the trained and experienced observer with the ability to interpret and judge during image reading sessions.
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Al-Sarireh, Bilal Aqeel. "Breast cancer cells and reprogramming of tumour-associated macrophages : induction of immunosuppression and progressive tumour growth." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326538.
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Gunnarsson, Cecilia. "Steroid converting enzymes in breast cancer /." Linköping : Univ, 2005. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2005/med908s.pdf.
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Lindqvist, Rikard. "Hospital length of stay : register-based studies on breast-cancer surgery /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-312-4/.
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Weichhaus, Michael Georg. "Molecular aspects of the link between obesity, insulin resistance and breast cancer." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/591.
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Obesity is a multi-factorial metabolic disease, resulting in increased adipose tissue acquisition by the host. This disease increases the risk for developing co-morbidities, including Metabolic Syndrome and other disorders such as breast cancer. Obesity, and particularly abdominal obesity, is characterised by metabolic changes, including chronically elevated insulin concentrations and aberrant secretion of cytokines released from fat tissue, called adipokines. Epidemiologically, the risk of developing postmenopausal breast cancer is increased in obese individuals. The molecular link between obesity and breast cancer however is not well understood. The study presented here aimed at identifying the molecular mechanisms involved in this link, by testing the hypothesis that high insulin concentration and certain adipokines may promote breast cancer progression and/or breast cancer aetiology. A cell culture system of breast cancer cells and breast epithelial cells was employed to investigate changes in cell proliferation, activation of cell signalling pathways, cell cycle progression and apoptosis after treatment with insulin, leptin, TNF-α, adiponectin and IL-6. In MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, insulin treatment did not affect cell proliferation, cell cycle or apoptosis. Conversely, IR-phosphorylation, AKT-phosphorylation and ERK1/2-phosphorylation were all significantly increased. Microarray analysis indicated several important changes in gene expression with insulin treatment. Leptin treatment increased proliferation by 21%. Additional analyses of the effect of leptin indicated that neither the PI3-kinase pathway nor the MAP-kinase pathway was involved in mediating this effect. Treatment with TNF-α increased apoptosis, but did not affect cell proliferation or activation of cell signalling pathways. In MCF-10A breast epithelial cells, cell proliferation increased after insulin treatment by 180%. IR-phosphorylation, AKT-phosphorylation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation were all significantly increased while early apoptosis decreased after insulin treatment. Analysis of cell cycle however did not indicate a change in progression. Microarray analysis indicated that insulin treatment may increase expression of genes related to cancer growth. Leptin treatment increased cell proliferation and also increased ERK1/2-phosphorylation, while AKT-phosphorylation was not affected. Leptin did not change cell cycle progression. TNF-α treatment increased cell proliferation and also increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation, while AKT-phosphorylation was not changed. TNF-α treatment tended to increase apoptosis, the change however was not statistically significant. In SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells, cell proliferation did not change after insulin treatment. IR-phosphorylation and AKT-phosphorylation increased after insulin treatment, while ERK1/2-phosphorylation decreased. Gene expression of cyclin D and cyclin E increased with insulin treatment, while apoptotic rate and cell cycle profile were also not affected. Cell proliferation increased by 115% after treatment with 100 ng/ml leptin. ERK1/2-phosphorylation however decreased, while AKT-phosphorylation tended to increase, but the change was not statistically significant. Cell cycle profile was not affected by leptin treatment, G1-phase however tended to increase, but the change was again not statistically significant. Cell proliferation increased by 59% after 48 h treatment with 10 ng/ml TNF-α. AKT-phosphorylation and ERK1/2-phosphorylation increased with TNF-α treatment. Cell cycle analysis showed a decrease in S-phase and G2-phase, indicative of a decrease in cell cycle progression. These results indicate that none of the examined obesity-related factors is convincingly identified as the main molecular link between obesity and postmenopausal breast cancer. Conversely, all treatments affected each of the cell lines in, at least, one of the examined aspects. This indicates that many of the obesity-related factors may affect breast cancer and that a single breast tumour may utilise a unique combination of those factors to promote growth. All treatments increased proliferation in MCF-10A breast epithelial cells, with additional analysis generally supporting growth promotion. Insulin treatment particularly increased cell proliferation, while leptin and TNF-α increased MAP-kinase signalling. This may indicate that insulin and adipokines may have a higher impact on breast cancer aetiology than on breast cancer progression.
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Silveira, Alexandra C. "Characterization of SUDS3 as a BRMS1 family member in breast cancer." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2008p/silveira.pdf.
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Balaban, Seher. "Breast and Prostate Cancer Lipid Metabolism and Metabolic Interactions with Adipocytes." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16926.
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Obesity is defined as excessive accumulation of adipose tissue and is associated with many chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Obesity is also associated with reduced survival and increased recurrence of breast and prostate cancers (BrCa & PrCa). Breast tissue is composed primarily of metabolically active adipocytes that produce fatty acids (FAs), and normal mammary epithelial cells which can use adipocyte-derived FAs for biosynthesis and energy production. A similar relationship is emerging between local adipocytes in the peri-prostatic bed and PrCa cells. The amount of lipid contained in mammary and peri-prostatic adipocytes is increased in obesity and furthermore increased peri-prostatic adiposity correlates with aggressive PrCa. There is emerging evidence for cross-talk between BrCa and PrCa cells and local mature adipocytes. In addition, aberrant lipid metabolism is a common feature of both BrCa and PrCa cells. However, little attention has been paid to the role adipocyte-derived FAs may play as metabolic substrates for cancer cell progression. The overall aim of this project was to define the metabolic interactions between adipocytes and cancer cells, to examine the role of obesity in BrCa and PrCa by focusing on the role of extracellular and adipocyte-derived FAs and cancer cell metabolism in cancer cell progression. BrCa cells mobilised stored FAs from adipocytes that promotes their growth. To investigate the effect of obesity on BrCa progression an in vitro model of ‘obese’ adipocytes was developed. The rate of transfer of FAs from ‘obese’ adipocytes to BrCa cells was greater compared to ‘lean’. Enhanced proliferation and migration rates and altered FA, glucose and glutamine metabolism was observed in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells when co-cultured with ‘obese’ adipocytes. Adipocyte ATGL and HSL are required for adipocyte-mediated effects on proliferation of aggressive MDA-MB-231 (ER-) cells but not in less aggressive ER+ MCF-7 (ER+) cells. In addition, findings presented in this thesis demonstrated that MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were sensitive to lipid availability in the microenvironment and the extracellular FAs were able to alter intracellular FA metabolism. In addition, elevated lipid levels protected MDA-MB-231 cells from cellular stresses including palmitate and serum-starvation. Similar studies were performed using PrCa cells, which too increased adipocyte lipolysis. The rate of transfer of FAs from ‘obese’ adipocytes to PrCa cells was greater compared to ‘lean’. Increased proliferation and altered FA, glucose and glutamine metabolism was observed in PC-3 cells when co-cultured with ‘lean’ and ‘obese’ adipocytes. Moreover, extracellular and intracellular FA metabolism was altered in PC-3 and C4-2B cells when exposed to higher levels of extracellular FAs and this was correlated with increased survival under serum-starvation and palmitate toxicity in PC-3 cells. Overall, the studies reported in this thesis demonstrate that FAs, both extracellularly present in the media and adipocyte-derived, are drivers of altered metabolism in BrCa and PrCa cells. These metabolic changes promote BrCa and PrCa cell growth as well as survival under stress conditions.
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Foglesong, Grant. "Lifestyle Improvements Enhance Metabolic Function and Mitigate Breast Cancer Progression." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1490266217799202.
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Behmoaram, Emy. "Biological studies of fascin function in cancer cell invasion and cancer progression." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111596.
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The process of metastasis is initiated through the acquisition of inherent and autonomous motile and invasive properties by tumor cells. These phenomena are initiated through a balance between forward cancer cell membrane protrusion and tail retraction, and occur via cell cytoskeleton remodeling, actin reorganization, and coordinated focal adhesion assembly and disassembly events. Among the vast network of cytoskeletal proteins, the actin-bundling protein fascin plays a major function in cell cytoskeleton remodeling. It is a 55-kDa protein involved in the formation of filopodia and cell migration, and found to be upregulated in many cancers. We report herein key functions for fascin in the regulation of prostate and breast cancer progression. Fascin expression is upregulated in localized and hormone refractory prostate cancer, responsible for a more aggressive clinical course. In addition, functional dissection of fascin reveals a novel function in the regulation of focal adhesion turnover dynamics, by modulating the phosphorylation state of central focal adhesion proteins through a potential collaboration with the protein tyrosine phosphatase, PEST. Together, our data support the importance of fascin in cancer cell invasion and as a significant prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target for aggressive cancers.
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Spencer, Patricia L. "The influence of specialized cancer hospitals in Florida on mortality, length of stay, and charges of care." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002725.
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Singh, Benjamin. "Exercise safety, feasibility and the role of Fitbits among women with stage II+ breast cancer." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/127026/1/Benjamin_Singh_Thesis.pdf.
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This research provides evidence to support exercise, as prescribed by exercise physiologists and funded under a chronic disease management plan, as being safe and feasible for women with stage II+ breast cancer care who are also experiencing treatment-related side effects and/or co-morbidities. Exercise under these conditions is also effective at improving fitness, function and health for these women. Further, findings from this research suggests that accredited exercise physiologists could integrate the use of activity trackers into their practice, as a means of helping women maintain physical activity in the longer term.
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Oudanonh, Thiphavone. "Progesterone receptor, obesity and prognosis in women diagnosed with estrogen receptor positive breast cancer." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67944.
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INTRODUCTION: Le pronostic du cancer du sein (CS) est délétère pour les femmes obèses comparé à celles de poids normal et pourrait dépendre du statut du récepteur de la progestérone (PR). L’objectif était d’examiner si l’association entre l’obésité et la mortalité varie selon le statut de PR chez les femmes avec un CS positif pour le récepteur d’estrogène (ER+). MÉTHODOLOGIE: Les 3747 femmes diagnostiquées au Centre des Maladies du Sein d’un CS ER+ non métastatique entre 1995 et 2010 étaient catégorisées selon l’indice de masse corporelle (IMC) (<18,5; 18,5-24,9; 25,0-29,9; ≥30,0 kg/m²) et le statut de PR (PR–; PR+). Les risques instantanés (HR) de mortalité globale et spécifique au CS et leur 95% intervalle de confiance (IC) étaient estimés par des modèles de Cox multivariés. L’effet modifiant de PR était évalué sur les échelles additive et multiplicative. RÉSULTATS: Après un suivi médian de 5,9 années, le risque de mortalité globale pour les femmes avec une tumeur PR– augmentait en moyenne par 2,76 (95%IC:1,40-4,91) pour celles de faible poids, 2,02 (95%IC:1,43-2,81) pour celles en surpoids et 2,51 (95%IC:1,67-3,65) pour celles obèses, comparé aux femmes de poids normal avec une tumeur PR+. Des augmentations similaires étaient observées pour la mortalité spécifique au CS. Les risques de mortalité étaient similaires pour les femmes avec une tumeur PR+, peu importe leur IMC. Le risque de mortalité globale était modifié positivement par le statut de PR sur l’échelle additive chez les femmes en surpoids et obèses, tandis que la mortalité spécifique au CS était modifiée positivement chez les femmes de faible poids. Des observations similaires ont été trouvées sur l’échelle multiplicative. CONCLUSION: Notre étude suggère que le risque de décès plus élevé chez les femmes de faible poids, en surpoids et obèses avec un CS ER+ pourrait être lié au statut de PR.<br>INTRODUCTION: Studies have shown that prognosis for breast cancer (BC) was worse for obese than normal weight women. This differential survival might depend on the progesterone receptor (PR) status of the tumor. Our objective was to examine whether the association between obesity and mortality varies by PR status among women with estrogen receptor positive (ER+) BC. METHODS: The 3747 women diagnosed at the Center of Breast Diseases with non metastatic invasive ER+ BC between 1995 and 2010 were included in the analyses, and classified according to the body mass index (BMI) (<18.5, 18.5-24.9, 25.0-29.9, ≥30.0 kg/m²) and tumor PR status (PR–, PR+). Hazard ratios (HR) for all-cause and BC-specific mortalities, and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were estimated from multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Effect modification was evaluated on the additive and multiplicative scales using relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) and ratio of HR, respectively. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 5.9 years, the risk of all-cause mortality was increased on average by 2.76 (95%CI: 1.40-4.91) for underweight women with PR– tumors, by 2.02 (95%CI: 1.43-2.81) for overweight women with PR– tumors and by 2.51 (95%CI:1.67-3.65) for obese women with PR– tumors compared to women with normal weight and PR+ tumors. Similar increased risks were observed for BC-specific mortality. Conversely, risks of mortality were similar for women with PR+ tumors, regardless of BMI. All-cause mortality was modified by PR status on the additive scale for overweight (RERI=0.85,95%CI: 0.18-1.52) and obese women (RERI=1.28, 95%CI: 0.31-2.25), whereas BC-specific mortality was modified for underweight women (RERI=3.57, 95%CI: 0.25-6.88). Similar observations were found on the multiplicative scale. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that the higher risk of dying observed among underweight, overweight and obese women with ER+ BC could be related to the PR status of the tumor.
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Egwuekwe, Ejike Roland. "Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms Knowledge And Breast Cancer In Texas." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6199.
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Breast cancer is a world health problem and is a leading cause of cancer-related death among women in the United States. However, breast cancer risks were reported to be reduced through exposure to Vitamin D through its Receptors identified as the p53 target gene. The purpose of this study was to assess the associations between VDR gene polymorphisms knowledge/awareness and decisions to reduce breast cancer risks and likelihood of mammogram screening among women in Texas. Data from survey were used. Roy adaptation model was the theoretical framework that guided this quasi- experimental, quantitative research. The dependent variables were decisions to reduce breast cancer risks and likelihood of mammogram screening. The independent variables were knowledge about VDR gene polymorphisms and exposure to vitamin D. The covariates were level of education, awareness, lifestyle, breast self-exams, mammograms, age, early menarche, late menopause, and family history of breast cancer. The chi-square test and regression analysis were used to test the stated research hypotheses and to answer the research questions. Knowledge of VDR gene polymorphisms and exposure to vitamin D were not significantly associated with breast cancer risk, ï?£2 (3, N= 250) =3.84, p > 0.05. Also, awareness of the risk factors for breast cancer was not significantly associated with decisions to go for mammogram screenings or to enroll in breast cancer risk-reduction programs, ï?£2 (3, N= 250) =1.58, p > 0.05. To advocate for the promotion of awareness of the importance of pharmacogenetic testing for VDR gene polymorphisms for early detection of breast cancer, which would help to undertake appropriate therapeutic measures in a timely manner to prevent cancer metastasis, further research is warranted.
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Oliveira, Mariana Maia Freire de 1978. "Eficacia da fisioterapia realizada durante a radioterapia na prevenção de complicações loco-regionais em mulheres em tratamento por cancer de mama : ensaio clinico controlado." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309550.
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Orientadores: Gustavo Antonio de Souza, Maria Salete Costa Gurgel<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T02:38:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2007<br>Resumo: A fisioterapia no pós-operatório de câncer de mama visa a prevenir as complicações e promover a independência funcional. Porém, não há dados na literatura sobre a influência da fisioterapia realizada durante a radioterapia, bem como qual a melhor abordagem. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da realização da fisioterapia durante a radioterapia na prevenção das seguintes complicações físicas loco-regionais: limitação da amplitude de movimento do ombro, aumento da circunferência e incapacidade funcional do membro superior e aderência cicatricial em mulheres em tratamento por câncer de mama. Sujeitos e Métodos: Ensaio clínico controlado randomizado, realizado no Serviço de Fisioterapia do Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, com 66 mulheres em tratamento radioterápico após cirurgia para câncer de mama e fisioterapia pós-operatória. As mulheres foram alocadas no Grupo 1 (32 mulheres) que realizou fisioterapia durante a radioterapia e no Grupo 2 (34 mulheres), controle, sendo avaliadas no início e no final da radioterapia e 6 meses após seu término. A amplitude de movimento do ombro foi avaliada através da goniometria, a circunferência do braço, pela cirtometria e a aderência cicatricial, pela palpação e fricção cicatricial. A capacidade funcional foi graduada através de escore de dificuldade para movimentar o ombro. Para cálculos estatísticos foram utilizados MANOVA com estatísitca de Wilks ou Friedman e os testes de associação qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher, assumindo nível de significância a = 5%. Resultados: A idade média foi de 52,3 ± 10,6 anos no Grupo 1 e de 48,7 ± 10,8 anos no Grupo 2. Os valores médios de amplitude de movimento do ombro para abdução e flexão observados nas três avaliações revelaram melhores resultados para Grupo1 em relação ao Grupo 2 (p= 0,0244 e 0,0044, respectivamente). Os valores médios da circunferência do braço obtidos nas avaliações não se alteraram em ambos os grupos. Há evidências de que a fisioterapia realizada durante a radioterapia possa favorecer a melhora da capacidade funcional. Na avaliação final, a freqüência de aderência cicatricial no Grupo1 foi duas vezes menor que a observada no Grupo 2 (24% e 48%, p= 0,0477). Conclusão: A fisioterapia realizada durante a radioterapia para tratamento de câncer de mama previne a limitação na amplitude de movimento do ombro e minimiza a incidência de aderência cicatricial. Os resultados sugerem também favorecer a melhora da capacidade funcional. No período estudado, não foi encontrada associação entre a realização da fisioterapia e alteração na circunferência do braço<br>Abstract: Physiotherapy following surgery for breast cancer is recommended for the prevention of complications and to stimulate functional independence. However, there are no data in the literature on the influence of physiotherapy carried out during radiotherapy (RT), nor on its optimal management. Objective: To evaluate the influence of physiotherapy carried out during radiotherapy on the following physical, locoregional complications: limitations in amplitude of movement and functional capacity, increased arm circumference, and the presence of scar tissue. Subjects and Methods: A randomized, controlled clinical trial was carried out in the Physiotherapy Department of the Center for Women¿s Integrated Healthcare, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, in 66 women undergoing radiotherapy following surgery for breast cancer, and postoperative physiotherapy. Women were randomized to Group 1 (G1) in which physiotherapy was provided, and Group 2 (G2), the control group. Evaluations were carried out at the beginning and at the conclusion of RT, and 6 months after its conclusion. Amplitude of shoulder movement was evaluated by goniometry; arm circumference was measured, and the presence of scar tissue was evaluated by digital palpation of the region. Functional capacity was graded according to a score evaluating difficulty of the patient in moving the shoulder. Statistical analysis was carried out using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with the Wilks or Friedman tests, and the chi-square or Fisher¿s exact tests of association. Significance level was established as a = 5%. Results: Thirty-two women were randomized to G1 and 34 to G2. Mean age was 52.3 ± 10.6 years in G1 and 48.7 ± 10.8 years in G2. The mean values of amplitude of shoulder movement with respect to abduction and flexion found at the three evaluation times indicated better results for G1 compared to G2 (p=0.0244 and 0.0044, respectively). During the period of this study, no association was found between physiotherapy and changes in arm circumference. There are evidences that the physiotherapy carried out during radiotherapy could encourage an improvement in functional capacity. At the final evaluation, the presence of scar tissue in G1 was half that found in patients in G2 (24% and 48%, p=0.0477). Conclusion: Physiotherapy carried out during radiotherapy for breast cancer prevents limitations in the amplitude of shoulder movement, minimizes the presence of scar tissue and appears to result in an improvement in functional capacity. During the period studied, no association was found between carrying out physiotherapy and changes in arm circumference<br>Mestrado<br>Ciencias Biomedicas<br>Mestre em Tocoginecologia
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Hamel, Sophie. "DARPP-32 expression in acquired resistance of breast cancer cells to trastuzumab." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112631.
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Amplification of the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB-2 has been linked to the proliferation of breast cancer cells.1,2 Trastuzumab targets the extracellular domain of ErbB-2, leading to growth inhibition of approximately 15% of the breast cancers with genomic amplification of the ERBB2 gene.3 Clinical studies have demonstrated its efficacy in both early4 and metastatic breast cancers. 5,6 However, many tumors with ERBB2 amplification are not responsive to treatment.7 Moreover, the ones that initially respond, eventually progress and acquire drug resistance.8 An in vitro model for this acquired resistance was established by Chan & al.9 The breast cancer cell line, BT474, containing amplified ERBB2, was grown in the presence of trastuzumab for several months until subclones outgrew. Gene expression profiling was performed on these clones to determine differentially expressed genes between the parental and resistant cells. DARPP-32 (Dopamine and cAMP regulated phosphoprotein of 32kDa) was, by far, the most overexpressed transcript. DARPP-32 is coamplified with ERBB2 on the same amplicon of chromosome 17.10 This protein has been mostly described in neurobiology, but DARPP-32 overexpression was recently reported in gastrointestinal, esophageal, prostate and breast cancer.11 Therefore, we suggest that overexpression of DARPP-32 can cause acquired resistance of breast cancer cells to trastuzumab. The in vitro knockout of DARPP-32, using stable shRNA transfection, abolishes the resistance to trastuzumab in the clones, while overexpression of DARPP-32 in the parental cells results in de novo resistance. Overall, our results suggest that DARPP-32 may be a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer patients who develop acquired trastuzumab resistance.
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Moore, Lakisha Dionne. "Modulation of Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-[beta]1 and its implications in breast cancer metastasis." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2008p/ldmoore.pdf.
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Pabon, Carly RN BSN. "The Relationship between Hot Flashes and Sleep Quality in Women Being Treated for Breast Cancer." Scholar Commons, 2005. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/801.
Full textAbstract:
Hot flashes are one of the most bothersome symptoms experienced by women who have undergone breast cancer treatment-induced menopause. This vasomotor symptom has been hypothesized to be responsible for decreased sleep quality. This study further investigated the relationship between hot flashes and sleep quality in this population.
The convenience sample consisted of 30 women being seen at an outpatient clinic in a comprehensive cancer center in southwest Florida. All participants were between the ages of 36-65, had a diagnosis of breast cancer and were currently taking a selective estrogen receptor modulator for at least six weeks. The participants completed the Hot Flash Diary, Hot Flash Questionnaire, Hot Flash Related Daily Interference Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and a demographic form.
The mean sleep score of the sample was 9.33 (SD= 4.4). Global sleep scores above five are indicative of poor sleep quality, and global sleep scores of eight or more have been linked to cancer-related fatigue. Sleep was strongly correlated with hot flash distress (r = .754, p. = .000) and hot flash severity (r = .718, p. = .000) and moderately correlated with hot flash interference (r = .507, p. = .004) and hot flash frequency while asleep (r = .680, p. = .000).
The small sample size was a study limitation. However, study results do support findings from previous studies. This study addresses a symptom management problem that may give nurses better understanding of the experiences of their patients. These findings also may assist patients in helping their providers to understand the frustration they are experiencing with regard to their decreased sleep quality.
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Li, Xia. "Role of tumor-surrounding adipocytes in breast cancer chemoresistance : molecular mechanisms and regulation by obesity." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30136.
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Le cancer du sein est le cancer le plus fréquemment observé chez les femmes en France et dans le monde. Bien que le nombre de cas observés chaque année a tendance à diminuer depuis 2005, notamment grâce au dépistage organisé, cette maladie reste la première cause de décès par cancer chez les femmes. De nombreux travaux ont montré que la progression tumorale est dépendante des cellules tumorales mais également des cellules " saines " du microenvironnement (ou stroma) qui entourent la tumeur. Dans le cas du cancer du sein, les adipocytes, type cellulaire majeur du stroma mammaire, représentent des acteurs émergents dans la progression tumorale. Mon équipe est l'une des premières à avoir montré que les adipocytes péritumoraux étaient impliqués dans l'agressivité des cancers du sein. Du dialogue bidirectionnel qui s'instaure entre les adipocytes et les cellules cancéreuses mammaires résulte des modifications des deux types cellulaires : (i) les cellules tumorales " éduquées " par les adipocytes présentent des capacités invasives augmentées et une plus grande résistance aux traitements et (ii) les adipocytes co-cultivés avec les cellules tumorales acquièrent un phénotype activé avec des modifications spécifiques telles que délipidation, perte de marqueurs adipocytaires, surexpression de cytokines pro-inflammatoires et sécrétion de protéines de la matrice extracellulaire, qui nous ont amené à les nommer CAA pour " Cancer-Associated Adipocytes ". De façon intéressante, le dialogue paracrine entre les tumeurs et les adipocytes pourrait être amplifié dans l'obésité, où l'équilibre normal des protéines sécrétées par le tissu adipeux est perturbé. Dans le cancer du sein, l'obésité est associée à une augmentation des risques de survenue après la ménopause et une aggravation du pronostic indépendamment du statut ménopausique s'expliquant par une augmentation de la dissémination locale et à distance et par une réponse diminuée aux traitements, notamment par une résistance plus importante. L'objectif de ma thèse a été d'évaluer le rôle des adipocytes dans la chimiorésistance des cellules tumorales mammaires. En effet, la résistance est une limite majeure à l'efficacité des traitements et contribue à l'apparition de rechutes, lesquelles sont augmentée chez les patientes obèses. Au moyen d'un modèle de co-culture en 2D, nous avons montré que les adipocytes sont capables de promouvoir une résistance pléïotropique (doxorubicine, paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracile et cyclophosphamide) dans diverses lignées tumorales mammaires, indépendamment du type de tumeur. Grâce aux propriétés de fluorescence des anthracyclines, nous avons montré que cette résistance implique une augmentation de l'efflux de doxorubicine, l'empêchant d'agir au niveau de son site d'action nucléaire. Ce mécanisme d'efflux implique un processus original, qui fait intervenir la protéine de voûte majeure MVP / LRP (Major vault protein / Lung resistance protein), un transporteur nucléocytoplasmique dont la fonction reste à ce jour mal comprise. Suite à l'efflux nucléaire de drogue, celle-ci s'accumule dans des vésicules cytoplasmiques avant d'être effluée hors de la cellule via des vésicules extra cellulaires. Nous avons également pu montrer que cette résistance médiée par MVP s'explique par la sécrétion de facteurs solubles adipocytaires et est amplifiée en conditions d'obésité. En conclusion, nos résultats montrent que les adipocytes péritumoraux sont capables d'influencer la progression tumorale en favorisant la chimiorésistance via un mécanisme original impliquant la protéine MVP, qui pourrait potentiellement devenir un marqueur de résistance aux traitements. Ces travaux pourraient expliquer, au moins en partie, le mauvais pronostic des cancers du sein chez les patientes obèses et ouvrent donc, à plus long terme, des perspectives thérapeutiques intéressantes, destinées à interrompre le dialogue délétère entre adipocytes et cellules tumorales, en particulier chez les patients obèses<br>Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in France, as well as in the European Union and the United States. Although the number of cases observed each year has tended to decrease since 2005, notably due to organized screening, this disease remains the leading cause of cancer death in women. Many studies have shown that tumor progression is dependent on tumor cells but also on the "healthy" cells of the microenvironment (or stroma) that surround the tumor. In the case of breast cancer, adipocytes, the major cell type of the mammary stroma, represent emerging actors in tumor progression. My team is one of the first to have shown that peritumoral adipocytes were involved in the aggressiveness of breast cancers. From the bi-directional dialogue that takes place between adipocytes and mammary cancer cells results some changes in both cell types : (i) the tumor cells "educated" by the adipocytes have increased invasive capacities and greater resistance to treatments and (ii) the adipocytes co-cultured with the tumor cells acquire an activated phenotype with specific modifications such as delipidation, loss of adipocyte markers, overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and secretion of proteins of the extracellular matrix, which led us to name them CAA for "Cancer-Associated Adipocytes". Interestingly, the paracrine dialogue between tumors and adipocytes could be amplified in obesity, where the normal balance of proteins secreted by adipose tissue is disrupted. In breast cancer, obesity is associated with an increased risk of occurrence after menopause and a worsening prognosis independent of menopausal status due to increased dissemination (local and remote) and decreased response to treatments, in particular by a greater resistance. The objective of my thesis was to evaluate the role of adipocytes in the chemoresistance of mammary tumor cells. Indeed, resistance is a major limit to the effectiveness of treatments and contributes to the onset of relapses, which are increased in obese patients. Using a 2D co-culture model, we have shown that adipocytes are able to promote pleiotropic resistance (doxorubicin, paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide) in various mammary tumor lines, irrespective of tumor type. By taking advantage of the fluorescence properties of anthracyclines, we have shown that this resistance implies an increase in the doxorubicin efflux, preventing it from acting at its site of nuclear action. This efflux mechanism implies an original process involving the major vault protein MVP / LRP (Major Vault Protein / Lung Resistance Protein), a nucleocytoplasmic transporter whose function remains poorly understood to date. Following nuclear drug efflux, it accumulates in cytoplasmic vesicles before before being expelled from the cell via extracellular vesicles. We also showed that this resistance mediated by MVP could be explained by the soluble factors secreted from adipocytes and is amplified in obesity conditions. In conclusion, our findings highlight that peritumoral adipocytes are able to influence tumor progression by promoting chemoresistance via an original mechanism involving the MVP protein, which could potentially become a marker of resistance to treatments. This work may explain, at least in part, the poor prognosis of breast cancers in obese patients and thus could provide interesting therapeutic perspectives, in order to interrupt the deleterious dialogue between adipocytes and tumor cells, particularly in obese patients
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Martinez, Jessica A., Pavani Chalasani, Cynthia A. Thomson, et al. "Phase II study of metformin for reduction of obesity-associated breast cancer risk: a randomized controlled trial protocol." BIOMED CENTRAL LTD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/618734.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Two-thirds of U.S. adult women are overweight or obese. High body mass index (BMI) and adult weight gain are risk factors for a number of chronic diseases, including postmenopausal breast cancer. The higher postmenopausal breast cancer risk in women with elevated BMI is likely to be attributable to related metabolic disturbances including altered circulating sex steroid hormones and adipokines, elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, and insulin resistance. Metformin is a widely used antidiabetic drug that has demonstrated favorable effects on metabolic disturbances and as such may lead to lower breast cancer risk in obese women. Further, the anti-proliferative effects of metformin suggest it may decrease breast density, an accepted biomarker of breast cancer risk. Methods/design: This is a Phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of metformin in overweight/obese premenopausal women who have elements of metabolic syndrome. Eligible participants will be randomized to receive metformin 850 mg BID (n=75) or placebo (n=75) for 12 months. The primary endpoint is change in breast density, based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquired fat-water features. Secondary outcomes include changes in serum insulin levels, serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 to insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-3 ratio, serum IGF-2 levels, serum testosterone levels, serum leptin to adiponectin ratio, body weight, and waist circumference. Exploratory outcomes include changes in metabolomic profiles in plasma and nipple aspirate fluid. Changes in tissue architecture as well as cellular and molecular targets in breast tissue collected in a subgroup of participants will also be explored. Discussion: The study will evaluate whether metformin can result in favorable changes in breast density, select proteins and hormones, products of body metabolism, and body weight and composition. The study should help determine the potential breast cancer preventive activity of metformin in a growing population at risk for multiple diseases.
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Muley, Vilamú Helena. "Role of CPT1C in breast cancer development and chemoresistance." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672155.
Full textAbstract:
Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1) are enzymes that catalyze the conversion of long-chain acyl-CoA to acyl-carnitines, to transport long-chain fatty acids across intracellular membranes. CPT1C isoform is highly different respect the other CPT1 isoforms. It is located in the endoplasmic reticulum of cells, rather than in mitochondria, and it does not have catalytic activity. An animal model deficient in CPT1C and the interactions described between CPT1C and other proteins have related CPT1C with major functions as cognition, motor function, and energy homeostasis.
In 2011, it was first showed that CPT1C was overexpressed in many human cancers conferring them higher cell survival and tumor growth under conditions of metabolic stress, like hypoxia or glucose deprivation. Several publications have confirmed the crucial role of CPT1C in cancer development.
The aim of our work was to study whether CPT1C promoted proliferation, migration, invasion and chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer cells, using triple-negative cancer MDA-MB-231 cells as a model. Several assays showed that CPT1C silencing increases cell proliferation and cell invasion; however, it does not impair cell migration. Interestingly, CPT1C silencing also increases cell survival to doxorubicin or paclitaxel treatment, in several breast cancer cell lines. This effect was explained by a reduced drug influx, as demonstrated in doxorubicin uptake assays in CPT1C-silenced MDA-MB-231 cells.
Doxorubicin is a drug that enter cell mainly through passive diffusion and this drug transport is highly dependent on plasma membrane lipid composition. For this reason, we performed a lipid analysis of plasma membrane enriched fractions of MDA-MB-231 cells by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). We confirmed that, under CPT1C silencing, there is a lipid plasma membrane remodeling giving rise a more rigid membrane and thus, less permeable to drugs.
All these results match with the Kaplan-Meier Plotter and ROC plotter analysis that correlates lower expression of CPT1C in HER2-positive and triple-negative human breast tumors with worse prognosis and lower pathological complete response, pointing out CPT1C as a novel tumor prognostic marker in the treatment of breast cancer.
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De, La Cruz Vargas Jhony Alberto, Guzmán Mario Enrique Arceo, and Lorenzo Ocaña Servín Héctor. "OBESIDAD Y CANCER DE MAMA." Tesis de maestría, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/67005.
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Objetivo. Realizamos un estudio de casos y controles para analizar la asociación
entre obesidad y riesgo de desarrollar cáncer de mama en mujeres mexicanas.
Material y métodos. En dos centros: Acapulco y Toluca de marzo de 2009 a
marzo de 2010, se incluyeron un total de 168 mujeres (84 casos y 84 controles)
estratificadas por edad y centro, a quienes se les aplico un cuestionario y se les
realizo medidas antropométricas y otras características clínicas. Se calculo IMC
(índice de masa corporal) e ICC (índice cintura cadera). Por regresión logística
condicional se determinó el OR (odds ratio) y su IC95%.
Resultados. La obesidad, el IMC, el ICC, están asociados a mayor riesgo de
cáncer de mama, OR: 3.09 IC95% 1.64-5.80, 3.10 IC95% 1.65-5.84 and 3.43
IC95% 1.81-6.47 respectivamente obtenido por análisis bivariado. Una tendencia
positiva de riesgo, fue visto con diabetes, alcohol y anticonceptivos orales. (OR:
2.56 IC95% 1.31-5.10, 2.68 IC95% 1.43-5.02 and 2.72 IC95% 1.39-5.41). El
análisis del consumo del tabaco aparece como un factor de riesgo (OR: 1.9
p<0.03) para el desarrollo del cáncer de mama. El ejercicio físico positivo y la
paridad (>4 hijos) mostraron ser factores protectores (OR: 0.71 IC95% 0.17-0.62
and 0.32 IC95% 0.36-1.38). Por análisis multivariado el IMC2 (punto de corte 34)
arrojo un OR: 32.96 (p<0.002), indicando 32 veces más de riesgo de presentar
cáncer de mama. La paridad mayor a 4 reduce el riesgo de cáncer de mama en
0.45 veces (OR: 0.45 CI95% 0.19-1.02).El ejercicio físico reduce el riesgo de
presentar cáncer de mama en 0.39 veces (OR 0.39 IC95% 0.18-0.84 p<0.017).
Conclusiones. Se concluye que la obesidad aumenta significativamente el riesgo
de desarrollar cáncer de mama. La paridad y el ejercicio físico actúan como
factores protectores en la población mexicana estudiada.
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Viola, Alexandre de Souza 1973. "Prevalencia de hiperplasia e cancer de endometrio em mulheres assintomaticas com sobrepeso ou obesidade." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310514.
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Orientador: Luis Guillermo Bahamondes<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-07T17:27:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Viola_AlexandredeSouza_M.pdf: 295106 bytes, checksum: 856293649b26acb1bfa52d92a0350707 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2007<br>Resumo: Objetivos: Determinar a prevalência de hiperplasia e câncer de endométrio em mulheres assintomáticas com sobrepeso ou obesidade. Sujeitos e métodos: Realizou-se um estudo de corte transversal no qual 193 mulheres voluntárias do Ambulatório de Reprodução Humana, Departamento de Tocoginecologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, CAISM - Unicamp foram avaliadas com biópsia de endométrio com Pipelle de Cornier. Os achados anatomopatológicos foram catalogados como endométrio normal, hiperplasia ou câncer de endométrio e estes resultados foram comparados com o ìndice de massa corporal (IMC; kg/m2). Para a análise dos dados, as mulheres foram divididas em dois grupos: em idade reprodutiva e na pós-menopausa e pelo IMC (kg/m2) em sobrepeso ou obesidade. Resultados: A prevalência de hiperplasia na amostra total foi de 7,3%, na idade reprodutiva de 5,8% e na pós-menopausa de 12,1%. A prevalência de adenocarcinoma de endométrio na amostra total foi de 1,5%, na idade reprodutiva de 1% e na pósmenopausa de 3%. A regressão logística multivariada mostrou que o risco de apresentar hiperplasia e câncer de endométrio foi de 1,19 (IC 95%; 0,36¿3,90) para as mulheres na pós-menopausa, de 1,58 (IC 95%; 0,30-8,23) para as que tinham obesidade severa e de 2,72 (IC 95%; 0,65¿11,5) para as que tinham obesidade morbida. Estar na idade reprodutiva, com sobrepeso ou obesidade moderada não alterou o risco. Conclusões: No grupo avaliado, mulheres assintomaticas na pós-menopausa com obesidade severa ou mórbida apresentaram risco aumentado de apresentar hiperplasia ou câncer de endométrio. O mesmo não ocorreu com mulheres em idade reprodutiva<br>Abstract: Objetives: To determine the prevalence of endometrial cancer and hyperplasia in non-symptomatic women with overweight or obesity. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried-out at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Departament, School of Medicine, Unicamp, with 193 women. The women were evaluated through endometrial biopsy with a Pipelle de Cornier. The hystophatologic findings were classified as normal endometrium, hyperplasia and cancer and those results were compared to the body mass index (BMI; kg/m2). For the analysis pourpose the women were divided in two groups: at reproductive age and at the post-menopause and by the BMI (kg/m2) in overweigth and obesity. Results: The prevalence of hyperplasia in the total sample was 7.3%, among women at reproductive age of 5.8% and at the post-menopause it was of 12.1%. The prevalence of endometrial cancer at the total sample was 1.5%, among women at reproductive age it was 1% and at the post-menopause of 3%. The logistic regression showed that the risk of endometrial hyperplasia or cancer was of 1.19 (95% CI: 0.36¿3.90) for women at the post-menopause, 1.58 (95% CI: 0.30¿8.23) for those who presented severe obesity, and of 2.72 (95% CI: 0.65¿11.5) for those women with morbid obesity. Be at the reproductive age, with overweight or moderate obesity did not modify the risk. Conclusions: At the evaluated group of women, non-symptomatic women at the post-menopause with severe or morbid obesity presented a high risk to have endometrial hyperplasia or cancer. However, the same was not observed among women at reproductive age<br>Mestrado<br>Tocoginecologia<br>Mestre em Tocoginecologia
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Jallal, Houda. "A Src-Abl kinase inhibitor, SKI-606, blocks breast cancer invasion, growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo /." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112641.
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The central role of Src in the development of several malignancies including breast cancer and the accumulating evidence of its interaction with receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), integrins and steroid receptors have identified it as an attractive therapeutic target. In the current study we have evaluated the effect of a Src/Abl kinase inhibitor SKI-606, on breast cancer growth, migration, invasion and metastasis. Treatment of human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 with SKI-606 caused a marked inhibition of cell proliferation, invasion and migration by inhibiting MAPK and Akt phosphorylation. For in vivo studies MDA-MB-231 cells transfected with the plasmid encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) [MDA-MB-231-GFP] were inoculated into mammary fat pad of female BALB/c nu/nu mice. Once tumor volume reached 30-50 mm3, animals were randomized and treated with vehicle alone or 150 mg/kg of SKI-606 by daily oral gavage. Experimental animals receiving SKI-606 developed tumors of significantly smaller volume (45-54%) as compared to control animals receiving vehicle alone. Analysis of lungs, liver and spleen of these animals showed a significant decrease in GFP positive tumor metastasis in animals receiving SKI-606 at a dose that was well tolerated. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical analysis of primary tumors showed that these effects were due to the ability of SKI-606 to block tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, growth factors expression and inhibition of Src mediated signalling pathways in vivo. Together the results from these studies provide compelling evidence for the use of Src inhibitors as therapeutic agents for blocking breast cancer growth and metastasis.
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Clark, Jennifer L. "Localization of Insulin Receptor Substrate-2 in Breast Cancer: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2012. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/587.
Full textAbstract:
The insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and many of its downstream signaling components have long been implicated in tumor progression and resistance to therapy. The insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and IRS-2 adaptor proteins are two of the major downstream signaling intermediates of the IGF-1R. Despite their considerable homology, previous work in our lab and others has shown that IRS-1 and IRS-2 play divergent roles in breast cancer cells. Signaling through IRS-1 promotes cell proliferation, whereas signaling through IRS-2 promotes cell motility and invasion, as well as glycolysis. Moreover, using a mouse model of mammary tumorigenesis, our lab demonstrated that IRS-2 acts as a positive regulator of metastasis, while IRS-1 cannot compensate for this function.
The focus of my thesis research is to understand how IRS-2, but not IRS-1, promotes breast carcinoma cell invasion and metabolism to support metastasis. In preliminary studies, I have found that IRS-1 and IRS-2 exhibit different expression patterns in both cell lines and human tumors with correlations to patient survival, which provides a potential mechanism for their distinct functions. The localization of IRS-1 and IRS-2 within separate intracellular compartments would determine their access to downstream effectors and substrates, and this would result in unique cellular outcomes. Specifically, I have observed that IRS-2, but not IRS-1, co-localizes with microtubules in breast carcinoma cell lines with implications for signaling through AKT and mTORC2. The goal of this research is to determine how the localization of IRS-2 contributes to its regulation of breast cancer progression and response to therapy and how this information could be used to better predict patient outcomes.
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Yousef, Fatimah Mohammadali. "Vitamin D Status and Breast Cancer in Saudi Arabian Women: Case Control Study." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202986.
Full textAbstract:
Vitamin D is an essential nutrient in the human diet. A unique property of vitamin D is that it can be produced by endogenous synthesis in the skin following sufficient Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. In fact, our understanding of this compound has changed, such that it is no longer consider a true vitamin, but rather a steroid hormone. De-identified data for this analysis were derived from women residing in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia who completed routine medical visits in the summer of 2009 at King Fahad Hospital (KFH). In Chapter 1,“THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN VITAMIN D STATUS IN NORMAL WEIGHT VERSUS OBESE WOMEN RESIDING IN WESTERN SAUDI ARABIA” we evaluate the relationship between body size and serum 25(OH)D concentrations including the association between change in body size during adulthood and vitamin D status. This study examines whether the current weight and weight change since age 18 years are associated with vitamin D status. This study found that neither current weight nor adult weight gain were associated with vitamin D status in Saudi Arabian women. In chapter 2,“IS AVOIDING SUN EXPOSURE VIA SUN PROTECTION PRACTICES ASSOCIATED WITH LOW VITAMIN D STATUS IN SAUDI ARABIAN WOMEN?” we investigate whether women who avoid UV exposure have lower 25(OH)D concentrations than women who do not avoid exposure. UV exposure was defined by time in outdoor activities, use of protective clothing and sunscreen. This study demonstrated that avoiding UV exposure via indoor activity and the use of sunscreen or/and wearing protective clothing was not associated with vitamin D status. Chapter 3, “VITAMIN D STATUS AND BREAST CANCER IN SAUDI ARABIAN WOMEN: A CASE CONTROL STUDY” we examine if vitamin D status as assessed by serum concentrations of 25(OH)D would be lower in breast cancer cases as compared to controls. This study demonstrated that there is a significant relationship between higher serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and lower risk of breast cancer. Chapter 4, “IMPLICATIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS” is presented a summary of key findings from the three studies in this dissertation to determine avenues of further research. The appendices consist of materials related to the dissertation work.
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Roos, Maria, and Anna Wilhelmsson. "Fysisk aktivitet hos kvinnor med bröstcancer som genomgår adjuvant cytostatikabehandling : Physical activity in women with breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-29667.
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Forskning har visat att fysisk aktivitet ger en bättre prognos för kvinnor som drabbats av bröstcancer. Den beskrivs också ha betydelse för symtomlindring vid cytostatikarelaterade biverkningar, vilket i sin tur leder till ökad livskvalité hos dessa kvinnor. Det har även framkommit i studier att det råder brister inom sjukvården vad gäller att förmedla sådan information. Som ett första steg behövs en kartläggning av den fysiska aktiviteten hos kvinnor med bröstcancer, deras aktivitetsvanor och vilken betydelse fysisk aktivitet har för dem under pågående cytostatikabehandling. Denna studie genomfördes som en tvärsnittstudie med syftet att beskriva fysisk aktivitet hos kvinnor med bröstcancer som genomgår adjuvant cytostatikabehandling. 30 kvinnor som genomgick adjuvant cytostatikabehandling vid den onkologiska behandlingsenheten vid Universitetssjukhuset i Örebro (USÖ) besvarade en enkät med frågor om fysisk aktivitet. Enkäten bestod av både öppna och slutna frågor. Datamaterialet har analyserats med deskriptiv statistik. Den avslutande öppna frågan analyserades med modifierad manifest innehållsanalys. Resultatet visade att kvinnorna i lika hög grad var fysiskt aktiva före som under cytostatikabehandlingarna. Skälen som kvinnorna uppgav till att vara fysiskt aktiva var att de kände sig mindre trötta och att den kunde skingra tankarna. Många kvinnor upplevde att de mådde psykiskt bättre av fysisk aktivitet och att det gick lättare att återhämta sig mellan behandlingarna. Den aktivitetsform som främst utfördes var promenader. Ett flertal kvinnor hade fått information av vårdpersonal gällande fysisk aktivitet i samband med cytostatikabehandling men mindre än hälften av dessa kvinnor följdes upp under behandlingsperioden. Informationen gavs främst av sjuksköterskor och läkare.<br>Research has shown that physical activity improves survival for women diagnosed with breast cancer. Studies have also described that physical activity is a matter of importance for alleviating common side effects from chemotherapy which thereby increases the quality of life for these women. It has also emerged that there is insufficient information on this topic. As a first step, it is necessary to do a survey of the physical activity in women with breast cancer, their activity experiences and what importance physical activity play for them during adjuvant chemotherapy. This work was a cross-sectional study based on questionnaires. The purpose of this study was to describe physical activity in women with breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. 30 women who received adjuvant chemotherapy at the medical treatment unit for oncology at Örebro University Hospital (USÖ) answered the questionnaire. The questionnaire contained both closed and open-ended questions. The data was analysed with descriptive statistics. The final open-ended questions were analysed with a modified manifest content analysis. The result showed that the women had the same activity level before as during the treatment period. The reasons for the women to be physically active were to decrease fatigue and to divert their minds. The majority of the women experienced feeling psychologically better and experienced better recovery between chemotherapy treatments. Walking was the most frequently used activity. The majority of the women received information about physical activity, but less than half of the women were followed-up. This information was primarily given by nurses and doctors.
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Rueda, Lidiane Camila 1982. "Avaliação de polimorfismos nos genes CYP1A1, CYP2D6 e CYP19 em uma amostra de pacientes com cancer de mama esporadico." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310493.
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Orientador: Carmen Silvia Bertuzzo, Luis Alberto Magna<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T09:41:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2008<br>Resumo: O câncer de mama (CM) é uma doença heterogênea e complexa, compreendendo múltiplas formas de apresentação clínica e morfológica, com diferentes graus de agressividade tumoral e potencial metastático. Acredita-se que 90% a 95% de todos os CM sejam esporádicos e decorram de mutações somáticas que se verificam durante a vida e que 5% a 10% sejam hereditários em virtude de uma mutação germinativa ao nascimento, que confere a estes indivíduos suscetibilidade ao CM. Entre os polimorfismos mais conhecidos de metabolização de drogas, estão os do sistema do citocromo P450. Os genes CYP1A1, CYP2D6 e CYP19 estão sendo estudados e em algumas populações mostraram uma associação positiva com a maior suscetibilidade ao CM. Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a presença dos polimorfismos T6235C (m1) e A4889G (m2) no gene CYP1A1, a presença dos polimorfismos A2637del (*3) e G1934A (*4) no gene CYP2D6 e a presença de alterações [TTTAn] no gene CYP19, por meio de um estudo de associação com uma amostra de 170 indivíduos, sendo 45 pacientes portadores de Adenocarcinoma e 120 controles normais. Foram utilizadas as técnicas extração de DNA, PCR e digestão enzimática. Não foi demonstrada, no presente estudo, associação entre os polimorfismos estudados e CM esporádico: (?2(2) = 1,12; p= 0,57) para o polimorfismo m1, (?2(2) = 0,83; p= 0,65) para o polimorfismo m2 do gene CYP1A1; (?2(2) = 0,15; p = 0,69) para o polimorfismo *3, (?2(2) = 2,41; p = 0,30) para o polimorfismo *4 do gene CYP2D6 e para as repetições em tandem [TTTA]n do gene CYP19. Os resultados sugerem que os polimorfismos gênicos estudados não estariam associados ao CM na amostra de indivíduos da região metropolitana de Campinas. Palavras-chave: CYP1A1, CYP2D6, CYP19, câncer de mama esporádico.<br>Abstract: Breast cancer (BC) is a complex disease, with heterogeneous clinical and morphologic presentation, that has with different degrees of tumoral aggressiveness and metastatic potential. It is known that 90% to 95% of all the BC are sporadical and happens because of somatic mutations that occurs during life and that 5% to 10% are hereditary because of germinate mutation due to births, which makes these individuals susceptibly to the BC. Among the best known polymorphism of metabolism of drugs, are the system cytochrome P450. The genes CYP1A1, CYP2D6 and CYP19 are being studied and in some populations because they had shown a positive association with the biggest susceptibility to the BC. This work had as objective to investigate the presence of polymorphisms T6235C (m1) and A4889G (m2) in gene CYP1A1, polymorphisms A2637del (*3) and G1934A (*4) in gene CYP2D6 and the presence of alterations [TTTAn] in gene CYP19, through a study of association with a sample of 170 individuals: 45 carrying patients of adenocarcinoma and 120 normal controls. The techniques had been used extraction of DNA, PCR and enzymatic digestion. It was not demonstrated, in this study the association between the polymorphisms studied and sporadic BC (?2(2) = 1,12; p= 0,57) for the polymorphism m1, (?2(2) = 0,83; p= 0,65) for the polymorphism m2 of gene CYP1A1; (?2(2) = 0,15; p= 0,69) for polymorphism *3, (?2(2) = 2,41; p= 0,30) for polymorphism *4 of gene CYP2D6 and for gene CYP19. The results suggest that the genic polymorphisms studied would not be associated with the BC in the sample of individuals in the metropolitan area of Campinas. key words: CYP1A1, CYP2D6, CYP19, sporadic breast cancer.<br>Mestrado<br>Mestre em Farmacologia
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Powell, Catherine. "The Roles of Metabolic Proteins, Fatty Acid Binding Protein 5 and S100A7, in Breast Cancer and Obesity." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1426179329.
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Ke, Jia-Yu. "Bioactivity of Naringenin in Metabolic Dysregulation and Obesity-Associated Breast Cancer in a Mouse Model of Postmenopause." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437479457.
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Golembesky, Amanda Keatley Gammon Marilie D. "Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha gene, obesity, and breast cancer incidence and survival a LIBCSP ancillary study /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1599.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.<br>Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 16, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Public Health Epidemiology." Discipline: Epidemiology; Department/School: Public Health.
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De, Cristofano Sabrina. "The role of Ras and Kinase Suppressor of Ras 1 (KSR-1) in breast cancer in progression and metastasis /." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112613.
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The Ras signaling cascade is a vital component in the processes that mediate cell survival, growth, differentiation and transformation through activation of MAP kinase (mitogen-activated protein kinase). The recent discovery of a new scaffold of the Ras signaling pathway, Kinase Suppressor of Ras (KSR), is found to be a positive effector of Ras signaling which further contributes to proliferation and transformation in the ERK/MAPK pathway. This thesis describes the roles of Ras and Kinase Suppressor of Ras 1 (KSR-1) in regulating the expression of tumor promoting genes such as urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in the development and progression of breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. Ras and KSR increase the proliferative capacity and migration of MDAMB-231 human breast cancer cells in vitro. In contrast, Ras and KSR decrease the invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells in vitro. Furthermore, uPA gene expression levels do not correlate with uPA protein expression levels suggesting a possible mutation induced by KSR and/or Ras. In vivo studies reveal that Ras and KSR increase tumor volume in mice, as well as more advanced osteolytic bone metastases. Collectively, these results indicate that Ras and KSR play significant roles in breast cancer development and metastasis.
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Pinheiro, Rosilene de Lima. "Indice de massa corporal, padrão de distribuição de gordura corporal e expressão de receptores hormonais em mulheres com carcinoma de mama invasivo." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310483.
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Orientadores: Lucia Helena Simões da Costa Paiva, Luis Otavio Zanatta Sarian<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-09T15:59:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2008<br>Resumo: Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre parâmetros corporais usados para definir obesidade central, circunferência da cintura (CC) e relação cintura quadril (RCQ), e a expressão de receptores esteróides em mulheres com carcinoma de mama na
pré e pós-menopausa. Métodos: Realizado um estudo seccional com 473 mulheres com doença maligna da mama, estadiamento I a III, tratadas no Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Brasil, em 2004. Dados epidemiológicos e clínicos foram obtidos. Os parâmetros antropométricos usados para definir obesidade foram obtidos na visita de admissão, antes do procedimento cirúrgico, com técnicas recomendadas pela Organização Mundial de Saúde: peso (Kg), altura (cm), circunferência da cintura (cm), Índice de massa corporal (IMC, peso/(altura2)) e relação cintura quadril. A expressão de receptores para estrogênio (RE) e progesterona (RP) foi determinada por imunohistoquimica. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Instituição. Comparações de freqüências foram analisadas através do teste exato de Fisher. Razão de prevalência (PrevR) foi calculada para avaliar as diferenças nas prevalências de RH com as categorias para IMC, CC e RCQ. Resultados: A maior parte das mulheres apresentava
sobrepeso (68,9%) e obesidade central (CC > 88cm e RCQ > 0,85 em 64,3% e 73,4%, respectivamente). A maioria (54,1%) apresentou tumores com expressão para RE e RP, sendo 78,6% expressando, pelo menos, um dos RH. Existiu uma
proporção significantemente maior de tumores RE+/RP+ em mulheres na pósmenopausa (p<0,001). BMI (p=0,12), WC (p=0,07) e RCQ (p=0,55) não foram relacionados à expressão de RH em mulheres na pré-menopausa. Em mulheres na pós-menopausa, BMI (p=0,30), WC (p=0,35) e RCQ (p=1,00) também não foram relacionados à expressão de RH. Conclusão: O presente estudo reforça o conceito de que a expressão dos receptores hormonais para tumores mamários é dependente do estado menopausal. CC e RCQ podem não ser bons preditores de expressão de RH em doenças malignas da mama para mulheres na pré e pósmenopausa. Palavras-chave: câncer de mama, obesidade, receptor hormonal, circunferência da cintura<br>Abstract: Objective: to evaluate the relation between body parameters used to define central obesity -waist circumference (WC) and waist to hip ratio (WRH)- and steroid receptor status in breast carcinomas of pre- and postmenopausal women. Subjects and methods: This is a cross-sectional study on 473 women with breast malignancies stage I-III, treated at the National Cancer Institute, Brazil, in 2004. Clinical and epidemiological data were obtained. The anthropometrics used to define obesity were obtained at the admission visit, before the surgical procedure, with the techniques recommended by the World Health Organization: weight (Kg),
height (cm), the waist and hip circumferences (cm), body mass index (BMI, weight/(height^2)), and the waist to hip ratio. The expression of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (RP) receptors were determined with imunohistochemistry. The institutons¿ ethics review board has approved the study. Frequency comparisons were analyzed with Fisher¿s exact tests. Prevalence ratios (PrevR) were calculated to assess the differences in prevalence for HR within the categories for BMI, WC and WHR. Results: Most women were overweight or obese (68.9%), and had central obesity (WC>=88 and WHR>=0.85 in 64.3 and 73.4%, respectively). The
majority (54.1%) of the women had tumors that expressed ER and PR, being that 78.6% of the sample expressed at least one of the HR. There was a significantly higher proportion of positive RE+/RP+ tumors in postmenopausal women (p < 0.001). BMI (p=0.12), WC (p=0.07) and WHP (p=0.55) were not related to the HR status in premenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, BMI (p=0.30), WC (p=0.35) and WHP (p=1.00) were also not related to the HR status. Conclusions: The present study reinforces the concept that the HR status of breast tumors is dependent upon the menopausal status. WC or WHR may not be good predictors of HR status in breast malignancies of pre- and postmenopausal women. Keywords: breast cancer, obesity, hormonal receptor, waist circumference<br>Mestrado<br>Ciencias Biomedicas<br>Mestre em Tocoginecologia
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Nobre, Alessandra Roman. "Tumores mamários em cadelas e a relação da agressividade tumoral com a condição corporal : estudo retrospectivo de 29 casos." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20238.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária<br>A relação entre a obesidade e as neoplasias tem sido alvo de vários estudos em medicina humana, permitindo a avaliação de determinados fatores que induzem o aumento da predisposição para diversos tipos de tumores, nomeadamente os tumores da glândula mamária (TGMs), assim como o aumento da mortalidade e a diminuição da resposta ao tratamento quimioterapêutico. Em medicina veterinária, essa relação não é, ainda, muito evidente. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se a condição corporal está associada ao aparecimento de TGMs, à sua agressividade e ao tempo de sobrevivência dos animais afetados.
Foram incluídos 29 cadelas com tumores da glândula mamário divididas em dois grupos: grupo obeso (GO) e o grupo não obeso (GNO). Na análise estatística foi utilizado o teste de Fisher (programa Epitools®),e o teste Kapplan Mayer (programa Medcalc® easy-to-use statistical)
Os animais do grupo GO representavam 65,52 % (n=19), com uma média de idade de 11,63 anos (+/- 2,77 anos) em que 83% eram esterilizados. Os animais do grupo GNO, representavam 34,48 % (n=10), com uma média de idade de 10,1 anos (+/- 3,07 anos) em que 17% eram esterilizados. No GO existiu um maior número de TGMs em animais de pequeno porte (n=11) comparativamente com aqueles de médio porte (n=4) e de grande porte (n=3). No GNO existiu uma igualdade de animais de pequeno e médio porte (n=5) e apenas 1 animal de grande porte. Relativamente ao TGMs, 86,21 % (n=25) eram malignos, dentro dos quais 58,62% pertenciam ao GO e 27,59 % ao GNO. No grupo GO os TGMs de grau I foram 4 mas no GNO o número foi superior (n=5). Já nos TGMs de grau II o GO foi constituído por 14 animais enquanto que o GNO teve 3. Apenas 13,79% (n=4) dos TGMs eram benignos, dentro dos quais 10,34% pertenciam ao GO e 3,45% ao GNO. Não exitiu significância estatística na associação de TGMs com obesidade (p=0,71) e na associação do grau de malignidade em GO (p= 0,09). O tempo médio de sobrevivência em GO foi de 23 meses (± 18,82 meses) e em GNO foi de 30 meses (+/- 27,34 meses) (p=0,31).
Neste estudo encontámos um maior número de animais obesos com TGMs e, apesar de parecer existir uma associação entre a obesidade graus mais agressivo de carcinomas, não o podemos afirmar na medida em que a nossa amostra era pequena e heterogénea. Para avaliar os efeitos deletérios da obesidade nos tumores mamários, são necessários mais estudos nesse sentido.<br>ABSTRACT - Breast tumors in dogs and the relationship between tumor aggressiveness and body condition: a retrospective study of 29 cases - The relationship between obesity and neoplasms has been the subject of many studies in human medicine, allowing the assessment of factors such as increased predisposition to some tumors, increased mortality and decreased response to chemotherapy. In veterinary medicine, this correlation is not yet very evident. The aim of this study was to correlate obesity with the development of breast tumors and to assess whether body condition is associated with a prevalence of more aggressive tumors and finally to observe a performance evaluation according to body score.
29 cases of bitches with breast tumors were selected and classified according to: type of neoplasia, degree of aggression, body condition, age, the size, breed and the survival time. The animals were divided into two groups: the non-obese group (GNO) and the obese group (GO). For statistical analysis, the Fisher test was used (Epitools program). For survival analysis, the Kapplan Mayer test was used (Medcalc® easy-to-use statistical software program).
The animals in the GO group represented 65.52% (n = 19), with an average age of 11.63 years (+/- 2,77 years), in which 83,00% were sterilized. The animals in the GNO group represented 34.48% (n = 10), with an average age of 10.1 years (+/- 3,07 years), in which 17,00% were sterilized. In GO there was a greater number of TGM in small animals (n = 11) compared to those of medium size (n = 4) and large animals (n = 3). In the GNO there was an equality of small and medium-sized animals (n = 5) and only 1 large animal. Regarding TGMs, 86.21% (n = 25) were malignant, of which 58,62% belonged to the GO and 27,59% to the GNO. In the GO group the grade I TGMs were 4 but in the GNO the number was higher (n = 5). In the grade II TGMs, the GO was made up of 14 animals while the GNO had 3. Only 13.79% (n = 4) of the TGMs were benign, of which 10.34% belonged to the GO and 3.45% to the GNO. There were no significant values in the association of TGMs with obesity (p = 0.71) and in the association of the degree of malignancy in GO (p = 0.09). The survival time in GO was 23 months (+/- 18,82 months) and in GNO it was 30 months (± 27,34 months)(p = 0.31).
In this study we found a greater number of obese animals with TGMs and although there seems to be an association between obesity and more aggressive degrees of carcinomas, we cannot assert this because our sample was small and heterogeneous. Further studies are needed to assess the deleterious effects of obesity on breast tumors.<br>N/A
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Carter, Sue A. "A Description of BMI and the Incidence of Breast Cancer in the Premenopausal Woman." Walsh University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=walsh1429279507.
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Rattanamongkolgul, Suthee. "The possible roles of diet, energy balance and oestrogen-like chemical on breast cancer risk in Thai women : a case-control study." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250582.
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Ljuslinder, Ingrid. "Studies of LRIG1 and the ERBB receptor family in breast and colorectal cancer." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå university, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-25678.
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