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1
Piccoli, Giovana Fagundes, Leonardo A. Mesquita, Cinara Stein, et al. "Do GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Increase the Risk of Breast Cancer? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (2021): A352—A353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.718.
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Abstract Background: Risk of cancer is a major concern in the development of drugs for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. In randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the liraglutide development program, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), subjects treated with the active drug had a higher absolute number of breast cancer events. Aim: To assess whether patients treated with GLP-1RAs had a higher risk of breast neoplasms. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and CENTRAL from inception to February 8, 2020. Three pairs of reviewers examined and retrieved abstractsand full-text articles for RCTs of GLP-1RAs versus non-GLP-1RA controls(active or placebo) in adults with overweight, obesity, prediabetes, or diabetes,with a minimum follow-up period of 24 weeks and which reported at least oneevent of breast cancer or benign breast neoplasm. Divergences were dealt withby consensus. Researchers extracted study-level data and assessed within-study risk of bias with the RoB 2.0 tool and quality of evidence with GRADE. This study follows PRISMA reporting guidelines. Results: We included 52 trials, of which 50 reported breast cancer events and 11 reported benign breast neoplasms. Overall methodological quality was high. Among 48267 subjects treated with GLP-1RAs, 130 developed breast cancer compared to 107 of 40755 controls (relative risk [RR], 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76 to 1.26). Subset analyses according to follow-up, participant/investigator blinding, and type of GLP-1RA did not reveal any differences. The risk of benign breast neoplasms also did not differ between groups (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.48 to 2.01). Trial sequential analysis provided evidence that the sample size was sufficient to avoid missing alternative results. Conclusion: Treatment with GLP-1RAs for obesity and diabetes does not increase the risk of breast neoplasms. Register: This systematic review was preregistered in PROSPERO (CRD42019132704).
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Harborg, Sixten, Deirdre Cronin-Fenton, Maj-Britt Raaby Jensen, Thomas P. Ahern, Marianne Ewertz, and Signe Borgquist. "Obesity and Risk of Recurrence in Patients With Breast Cancer Treated With Aromatase Inhibitors." JAMA Network Open 6, no. 10 (2023): e2337780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.37780.
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ImportanceClinical studies confirm that obesity is a risk factor for recurrence in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor–positive (HR+) breast cancer. Evidence suggests that women with obesity do not obtain similar protection from aromatase inhibitors as women with healthy weight.ObjectiveTo examine the associations of body mass index (BMI) with recurrence.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe cohort study was conducted using data from the Danish Breast Cancer Group and enrolled postmenopausal women diagnosed with stage I to III HR+ breast cancer from 1998 through 2016. Data analysis was conducted from November 2022 to April 2023.ExposuresBMI was classified as (1) healthy weight (18.5-24.9), (2) overweight (25.0-29.9), (3) obesity (30.0-34.9), and (4) severe obesity (≥35.0) using the World Health Organization guidelines. Healthy weight was considered the reference group in statistical analyses.Main Outcomes and MeasuresFollow-up began 6 months after breast cancer surgery and continued until the first event of recurrence, contralateral breast cancer, new primary malignant neoplasm, death, emigration, end of clinical follow-up at 10 years, or September 25, 2018. Cox regression was used to estimate crude and adjusted hazard ratios with 95% CIs, adjusting for patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics.ResultsA total of 13 230 patients (median [IQR] age at diagnosis, 64.4 [58.6-70.2] years) with information on BMI were enrolled. There were 1587 recurrences with a median (IQR) potential estimated follow-up of 6.2 (3.6-8.5) years. Multivariable analyses revealed increased recurrence hazards associated with obesity (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.01-1.37]) and severe obesity (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.08-1.62]) vs patients with healthy weight. Patients with overweight had a greater risk, but the results were not statistically significant (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.10 [95% CI, 0.97-1.24]).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, obesity was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer recurrence among postmenopausal patients with HR+ early-stage breast cancer treated with aromatase inhibitors. Physicians should be aware of the significance of obesity on breast cancer outcomes to secure optimal treatment benefit in all patients.
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González Chico, María Gabriela, Ledis Fernanda Polanco Montaño, Xaviera Elizabeth Medina Godoy, and Cristina Magdalena Abifadel Cazar. "Systematic Review on: Breast Cancer and its Relationship with Prolonged Use of Combined Oral Contraceptives." Más Vita 6, no. 2 (2024): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47606/acven/mv0234.
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Introduction: Breast cancer is a neoplasm in breast tissues, diagnosed in 1 in 8 women, making it one of the most common cancers in the female population. Objective: To analyze the relationship between the constant use of oral contraceptives and the risk of developing breast cancer. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted using the Prisma method, utilizing PubMed and SCOPUS, selecting 14 relevant articles. Results: The reviewed studies showed variable results. Some studies with small samples found some association, while studies with larger populations did not confirm this relationship. Prolonged use of oral contraceptives was associated with a higher risk in young women. Factors such as advanced age at first childbirth and smoking also increased the risk. Most studies highlighted prolonged use (5 to 10 years) as a potential risk, along with modifiable factors like smoking and obesity. Discussion: Although some studies suggest a possible association between oral contraceptives and breast cancer, the results are inconclusive. Additional factors complicate interpretation. Conclusion: More research with large populations is needed to better understand the relationship between oral contraceptives and breast cancer.
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Nahmias Blank, Daniela, Esther Hermano, Amir Sonnenblick, et al. "Macrophages Upregulate Estrogen Receptor Expression in the Model of Obesity-Associated Breast Carcinoma." Cells 11, no. 18 (2022): 2844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11182844.
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Breast cancer (BC) and obesity are two heterogeneous conditions with a tremendous impact on health. BC is the most commonly diagnosed neoplasm and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women, and the prevalence of obesity in women worldwide reaches pandemic proportions. Obesity is a significant risk factor for both incidence and worse prognosis in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) BC. Yet, the mechanisms underlying the association between excess adiposity and increased risk/therapy resistance/poorer outcome of ER+, but not ER−negative (ER−), BC are not fully understood. Tumor-promoting action of obesity, predominantly in ER + BC patients, is often attributed to the augmented production of estrogen in ‘obese’ adipose tissue. However, in addition to the estrogen production, expression levels of ER represent a key determinant in hormone-driven breast tumorigenesis and therapy response. Here, utilizing in vitro and in vivo models of BC, we show that macrophages, whose adverse activation by obesogenic substances is fueled by heparanase (extracellular matrix-degrading enzyme), are capable of upregulating ER expression in tumor cells, in the setting of obesity-associated BC. These findings underscore a previously unknown mechanism through which interplay between cellular/extracellular elements of obesity-associated BC microenvironment influences estrogen sensitivity—a critical component in hormone-related cancer progression and resistance to therapy.
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Shalini, Das, Jahan Nushrat, and Mal Chittabrata. "In-silico Identification of lncRNA Functionality in Cancers Related to Obesity." International Journal of BioSciences and Technology (IJBST) ISSN: 0974-3987 13, no. 3 (2020): 34–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4275605.
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<strong><em>In-silico</em> Identification of lncRNA Functionality in Cancers Related to Obesity</strong> Shalini Das, Nushrat Jahan and Chittabrata Mal Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Kolkata, Rajarhat, Newtown, Action Area III, North 24 PGS, 700135, INDIA shweata7@gmail.com, nushratjahan8456@gmail.com, cmal@kol.amity.edu <strong>ABSTRACT:</strong> Investigating the gene expression networks that regulate cancer initiation and development is crucial but remains mostly incomplete. With the innovations in RNA-sequencing technologies and computational biology, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are being known and characterized at a speedy pace. Recent findings reveal that lncRNAs are involved in serial steps of cancer development. These lncRNAs act with DNA, RNA, protein molecules and/or their combos, acting as a vital regulator in chromatin organization, as well as transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. Their aberrant expression confers the neoplastic cell capacities for neoplasm initiation, growth, and metastasis. Here we emphasize their aberrant expression and performance in cancers. We found that Chromosome 11 consists of the highest number of lncRNA specific to different 14 cancers related to obesity. Among these cancers, breast cancer has the highest number of lncRNA associated with it. The interacting partners of the lncRNAs were analysed and domain specific interactions were studied. The results showed that the lncRNAs H19 and MALAT1 can act as potential biomarkers for different cancers. Keywords: lncRNA, gene expression, cancer, obesity, tumor suppression URL: https://www.ijbst.org/papers-published/ijbst-2020-volume-13-issue-3
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Reytor-González, Claudia, Ana Karina Zambrano, Evelyn Frias-Toral, Martín Campuzano-Donoso, and Daniel Simancas-Racines. "Mediterranean diet and breast cancer: A narrative review." Medwave 25, no. 02 (2025): e3027-e3027. https://doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2025.02.3027.
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Breast cancer is the second most common neoplasm and the deadliest among women worldwide. Its incidence varies according to human development and is associated with several risk factors, including age, genetic factors, obesity, and dietary habits. Recent research has revealed a significant influence of dietary habits on the onset and progression of this disease, which is why this review aims to comprehensively analyze the available literature to understand better the role played by the mediterranean diet in the development and management of breast cancer. The mediterranean diet has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, may influence gene regulation, and produce hormonal and intestinal microbiota changes, resulting in improved quality of life for breast cancer patients by alleviating symptoms such as pain, inflammation, and reducing the risk and mortality from this disease. Evidence suggests that greater adherence to the mediterranean diet reduces the risk of breast cancer, as well as an improvement in patients' quality of life and mortality. These findings underscore its potential relevance in the context of dietary patterns associated with breast cancer prevention and management, which could inform considerations for public health policies. Further research is needed to confirm these observations and to understand the underlying mechanisms better.
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Ayara, Almeida Souza Cabral, Quaresma Trindade Joseelma, Quaresma Trindade Josinaide, et al. "PREVALÊNCIA DA OBESIDADE NOS ASPECTOS DE OCORRÊNCIA DO CÂNCER DE MAMA." Revistaft 27, no. 121 (2023): 48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7843848.
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<strong>INTRODUÇÃO:</strong> O câncer de mama se caracteriza como uma disfunção celular, em que há uma proliferação exacerbada de determinadas células do nosso corpo, em que sua multiplicação rápida e desordenada caracteriza como uma neoplasia maligna resultando em um tumor, seus fatores para esse comportamento podem estar relacionados à ambientais ou genéticos. Estudos têm mostrado que a obesidade tem ação direta no desenvolvimento de câncer de mama e seu mecanismo de inflamação corporal tem contribuído para que a incidência dessa neoplasia esteja cada vez mais presente na sociedade. <strong>OBJETIVO</strong>: Analisar e discorrer sobre a prevalência da obesidade nos aspectos de ocorrência do câncer de mama. <strong>METODOLOGIA</strong>: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com abordagem qualitativa e descritiva, realizada de janeiro à março de 2023, com a questão norteadora: “Qual a prevalência da obesidade nos aspectos de ocorrência do câncer de mama? ”As bases de dados utilizadas foram Scielo, Lilacs e PubMed, utilizou-se os descritores Decs sob aplicação do operador booleano AND. “Obesidade”, “Câncer de mama”, “Neoplasias”, “Fatores de Prevalência” Artigos na janela temporal de 2019 a 2023. <strong>RESULTADOS:</strong> Mediante análise dos estudos, constatou-se que a obesidade influencia substancialmente na ocorrência do câncer de mama, com prevalência em mulheres, no entanto, o aumento do sobrepeso em homens têm sido preocupação para o crescimento de desenvolvimento da neoplasia, em uma classe considerada de ocorrência rara. Além disso, as taxas de obesos no Brasil têm crescido com expectativas alarmantes para os próximos anos, atribuindo ainda a relação direta para o crescimento da patologia na mesma proporção, sendo indiscutível ser um problema de saúde pública. <strong>CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS:</strong> Em síntese, nota-se que os dados obtidos demonstram ação direta e preocupante que a obesidade desempenha nos aspectos de ocorrência do câncer de mama, além da larga incidência e crescimento da associação obesidade e neoplasia mamária. Para tanto, acendendo o alerta para mudanças de hábitos e necessidade de políticas públicas na saúde.
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Macciò, Antonio, and Clelia Madeddu. "Obesity, Inflammation, and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer: Therapeutic Implications." Scientific World JOURNAL 11 (2011): 2020–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2011/806787.
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Breast cancer is the female malignant neoplasia with the highest incidence in the industrialized world. Although early diagnosis has contributed to therapeutic success, breast cancer remains a major health issue. In the last few year the hormone therapy for estrogen-dependent breast cancer has evolved achieving significant clinical results; at the same time, it has enabled us to better define the role of estrogens in the etiopathogenesis of this tumour. Weight increase and obesity have been identified as the most important risk and prognostic factors for breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the association of obesity with postmenopausal breast cancer. Specific obesity-associated factors, including leptin, insulin and inflammatory mediators, seem to influence breast cancer growth and prognosis independently of estrogens and at least in part by interacting with estrogen signalling at a cellular level. Therefore, a careful assessment of the nutritional status and body composition is paramount for a proper therapeutic approach for postmenopausal breast carcinoma. The use of antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory drugs associated with conventional hormone therapies and dietary/physical interventions could offer a new therapeutic approach for breast carcinoma that develops in the context of adiposity.
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Shveid Gerson, Daniela, Alejandro Zentella - Dehesa, Raquel Gerson Cwilich, et al. "Creation of a primary breast cancer culture repository from patients with a BMI >30 kg/m2: A Mexican endeavor." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (2021): e12574-e12574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e12574.
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e12574 Background: Currently there are no primary cultures or cell lines derived from patients with breast cancer and obesity. It has been postulated that breast cancer in obese women behaves differently as it does in non-obese women, as is composed of distinct biological features, as was generated in a different metabolic environment, as well as pertains to a different prognosis and different response to chemotherapy, lower rates of overall survival and a greater probability of recurrence. By creating a primary breast cancer culture bank of breast cancer tumors from women with obesity (BMI > 30kg/m2), we will establish a cell line exclusive to obese women in Mexico, where targeted therapy may be tested and treatment may be individualized depending on the characteristics of the patient. Methods: This study recruited 32 women with breast cancer and a BMI > 30 kg/m2, matched by 6 controls with are non-obese women with breast cancer. Elegibility criteria was determined by women with breast cancer confirmed by pathology, who had not been subjected to prior treatment regarding the neoplasm. The breast cancer removing surgeries and the patients were selected from the ABC Medical Center in Mexico City and all procedures were approved by the research and ethics committee of the hospital in question. Results: Through extensive communication a cooperative protocol was established between the departments of surgery, oncology, pathology and nursing to coordinate efforts and be able to take a 2 – 5 mm sample of the breast tumor removed from the patient. To be able to distinguish cancer cells from non-cancer cells (epithelial cells, fibroblasts, adipocytes) the Hayflick limit was be utilized. Once a primary breast cancer culture was established, 12 million cells will be injected into the subscapular area of athymic, nu-nu mice to be able to monitor tumoral growth in vivo and conduct a subsequent cellular analysis, determining it still pertains to the same characteristics of the tumor from which it was obtained. Conclusions: A primary breast cancer culture repository from patients with a BMI > 30 kg/m2 was established. This is the first primary breast cancer culture for both Mexican and obese women with breast cancer, the first in vitro method of analysis of specific characteristics typical of the Mexican population. Translational research may now be conducted on these new tumoral cultures to create individualized therapy for women with the distinct, aforementioned characteristics.
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Biello, Federica, Francesca Platini, Francesca D’Avanzo, et al. "Insulin/IGF Axis in Breast Cancer: Clinical Evidence and Translational Insights." Biomolecules 11, no. 1 (2021): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11010125.
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Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common neoplasm in women. Many clinical and preclinical studies investigated the possible relationship between host metabolism and BC. Significant differences among BC subtypes have been reported for glucose metabolism. Insulin can promote tumorigenesis through a direct effect on epithelial tissues or indirectly by affecting the levels of other modulators, such as the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family of receptors, sex hormones, and adipokines. The potential anti-cancer activity of metformin is based on two principal effects: first, its capacity for lowering circulating insulin levels with indirect endocrine effects that may impact on tumor cell proliferation; second, its direct influence on many pro-cancer signaling pathways that are key drivers of BC aggressiveness. Methods: In the present review, the interaction between BC, host metabolism, and patients’ prognosis has been reviewed across available literature evidence. Conclusions: Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance are all involved in BC growth and could have a relevant impact on prognosis. All these factors act through a pro-inflammatory state, mediated by cytokines originated in fat tissue, and seem to be related to a higher risk of BC development and worse prognosis.
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Nahar, Sabekun, Quazi Sumaiya Bint Nizam, Rebaka Sultana, Raisa Enayet Badhan, and Laila Anjuman Banu. "Exploring the Association of Serum Lipids, Plasma Glucose, Obesity and Demographic Factors on Breast Cancer Risk in Bangladeshi Female: A Case Control Study." IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences 23, no. 10 (2024): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0853-2310062531.
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Background: The fifth most prevalent cause of cancer-related death worldwide and the most frequently diagnosed malignancy is breast cancer. Breast cancer is the second most prevalent neoplasm in Bangladesh and it is rising alarmingly among females. Ignorance and illiteracy are contributing factors to mortality due to delayed presentation. This study was aimed to evaluate the association of obesity, serum lipids, plasma glucose and demographic factors with breast cancer risk in Bangladeshi females. Materials and Methods: This was a case-control study designed using a population of 60 females (30 in each group). The analysis involved a comparison of both the socio-demographic data and the blood samples collected from the participants in the study. Samples were collected over a one-year period from the Department of Surgery at Bangladesh Medical College and Hospital, as well as from the Departments of Surgery and Oncology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 26. Results: Mean body mass index (BMI) of case group is 29.4 (± 2.8) and control group is 25.5 (± 3.4) where P value is significant (<0.001). Significant differences (P-value ≤ 0.05) were observed in triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and total cholesterol (TC) level between cases and controls. Though there were no significant differences observed between the groups in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), plasma glucose- 2 hours after breakfast (PG-2HABF), haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and serum creatinine level. Conclusion: TC, TG and LDL cholesterol level as well as BMI are independent predictors of breast cancer risk among Bangladeshi females
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Lazar, Andrada-Luciana, Romana Vulturar, Adriana Fodor, et al. "The molecular mechanisms linking metabolic syndrome to endometrial and breast cancers." Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences 8, no. 2 (2021): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22543/7674.82.p167178.
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The metabolic syndrome represents a plethora of cardio-metabolic risk factors including obesity, arterial hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, accompanied by pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic state. The metabolic syndrome is one of the key risk factors for certain types of cancer. Among these malignancies, breast cancer and endometrial neoplasms require special attention. Incriminated major causes for the development of breast and endometrial cancer in metabolic syndrome patients are: the proinflammatory status and related cytokines, adipokine imbalances, hyperestrogenism, growth factors, disturbances in cancer microenvironment, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. The metabolic syndrome consists of molecular dysregulations that create a pro-oncogenic status. Our review aims at providing a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the link between the metabolic syndrome and endometrial and breast cancer.
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Mukherjee, Diptasree, Saleh A. Alqahtani, and Arunkumar Krishnan. "Bariatric surgery and risk of gastrointestinal and hormone-sensitive cancers in patients with metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease and obesity: A multicenter matched cohort study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 43, no. 16_suppl (2025): 10547. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2025.43.16_suppl.10547.
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10547 Background: Metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is strongly associated with an increased risk of hormone-sensitive and gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies due to obesity-related pro-inflammatory states and altered hormone metabolism. Bariatric surgery (BS) has shown promise in ameliorating MASLD and obesity-related comorbidities; however, data on its potential to reduce cancer risk in this population remain scarce. Hence, we aimed to assess the impact of BS on the risk of hormone-sensitive and GI cancers in patients with MASLD and obesity using a multicenter, matched cohort design. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing the TriNetX. Patients who underwent BS (including Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy) were included in the BS cohort and matched controls who are standard of care without a history of BS. We performed 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) to reduce confounder factors, including demographics, comorbidities, BMI, nicotine dependence, and family history of malignancy. A 1-year lag time was applied to minimize protopathic bias. Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed to calculate hazard ratios (HR) for overall cancer risk, hormone-sensitive cancers (endometrial, breast, prostate, kidney, and ovarian), and GI cancers (colon, rectal, pancreatic, biliary, and hepatocellular). Results: A total of 9848 patients with MASLD underwent BS, while 183837 MASLD patients had no history of BS. After PSM, 9791 patients were included in each cohort. The mean follow-up was 4.8 years for BS and 5.1 years for controls. BS was associated with a significantly lower overall cancer risk (HR: 0.72 (0.65-0.80)). Among hormone-sensitive cancers, BS patients demonstrated reduced risks of endometrial (HR 0.50) and breast cancer (HR 0.62), with no significant differences for prostate, ovarian, lung, or thyroid cancer. A lower risk of kidney cancer was noted (HR 0.91). For GI malignancies, BS patients had a reduced risk of HCC (HR 0.32), malignant neoplasms of the cholangiocarcinoma (HR 0.29), pancreatic cancer (HR 0.18), and colon cancer (HR 0.53). No differences were observed for esophageal or gastric cancers. Conclusions: In this large multicenter analysis, BS was associated with a significantly lower risk of hormone-sensitive and GI cancers in patients with MASLD and obesity. These findings suggest that weight loss and improved metabolic profiles following surgery may mitigate the pro-inflammatory and pro-neoplastic effects of obesity and MASLD. Further research is needed to explore BS's underlying mechanisms and long-term cancer prevention benefits.
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Gerber, Peter, David Naqqar, My von Euler-Chelpin, Joonas H. Kauppila, Giola Santoni, and Dag Holmberg. "Incidence of Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease After Bariatric Surgery in Older Patients." JAMA Network Open 7, no. 8 (2024): e2427457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.27457.
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ImportanceBariatric surgery is associated with decreased risk of obesity-related cancer and cardiovascular disease but is typically reserved for patients younger than 60 years. Whether these associations hold for patients who undergo surgery at older ages is uncertain.ObjectiveTo determine whether bariatric surgery is associated with a decreased risk of obesity-related cancer and cardiovascular disease in patients who underwent surgery at age 60 years or older.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsPopulation-based cohort study of patients from Denmark, Finland, and Sweden who underwent bariatric surgery at age 60 years or older without previous malignant neoplasm or cardiovascular disease between 1989 and 2019. Each patient who underwent surgery was exactly matched to 5 patients with nonoperative treatment for obesity of the same country, sex, and age at the date of surgery. Data were analyzed in December 2023.ExposureReceiving treatment for obesity, including bariatric surgery and nonoperative treatments.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was obesity-related cancer, defined as a composite outcome of breast, endometrial, esophageal, colorectal, and kidney cancer, identified from the national cancer registries. The secondary outcome was cardiovascular disease, defined as a composite outcome of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and cerebral hemorrhage, identified from the patient registries. Multivariable Cox regression provided hazard ratios (HR) with 95% CIs adjusted for diabetes, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, kidney disease, and frailty.ResultsIn total, 15 300 patients (median [IQR] age, 63 [61-65] years; 10 152 female patients [66.4%]) were included, of which 2550 (16.7%) had bariatric surgery at age 60 or older and 12 750 (83.3%) had nonoperative treatment. During a median (IQR) of 5.8 (2.8-8.5) person-years of follow-up, 658 (4.3%) developed obesity-related cancer and 1436 (9.4%) developed cardiovascular disease. The risk of obesity-related cancer (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.64-1.03) and cardiovascular disease (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.74-1.01) were similar among who underwent surgery and those who did not. Gastric bypass (1930 patients) was associated with a decreased risk of obesity-related cancer (71 patients [3.7%]; HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.56-0.97) and cardiovascular disease (159 patients [8.2%]; HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.69-0.99) compared with matched controls (9650 patients; obesity-related cancer: 442 patients [4.6%]; cardiovascular disease: 859 patients [8.9%]).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study found that bariatric surgery in older patients is not associated with lower rates of obesity-related cancer and cardiovascular events, but there was evidence that gastric bypass may be associated with lower risk of both outcomes.
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Tinelli, Heloária Maria, Letícia Carletti Barbosa, Sara Schneider de Oliveira, et al. "The impact of obesity on the emergence of canine mammary carcinoma: an integrative review." REVISTA DELOS 17, no. 60 (2024): e2364. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/rdelosv17.n60-123.
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Introduction: Obesity in dogs is a growing concern in Veterinary Medicine and is linked to chronic diseases and an increased risk of neoplasms, including mammary cancer. Objective: To investigate the correlation between obesity and mammary cancer development in female dogs. Methodology: An integrative literature review was conducted using ScienceDirect, PubMed, and SciELO databases. The search strategy involved the use of the following descriptors in both Portuguese and English: cancer, breast cancer, obesity, and bitch. Articles published between 2014 and 2024 were included in this study. Results and Discussion: Of the 43 articles initially identified, only seven met the inclusion criteria. Studies have indicated that obese or overweight female dogs are at a higher risk of developing aggressive mammary carcinomas, have lower survival rates, and exhibit changes in their lipid and metabolic profiles. Leptin and adiponectin play significant roles in cancer progression, with leptin promoting metastasis and adiponectin being associated with better prognosis. The presence of macrophages and a higher density of microvessels in tumors from obese female dogs correlated with increased tumor aggressiveness. Conclusion: Obesity significantly influences the development and malignancy of mammary tumors in female dogs.
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Osama Eldamshety, Ahmed Lamey, Khalid Ahmed Ismail, Taha Esmail, Mohamed Tolba, and Reda Ali. "Expanding scope about factors influencing seroma formation after breast cancer surgery." Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 73, no. 4 (2023): S282—S286. http://dx.doi.org/10.47391/jpma.egy-s4-55.
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Objectives: To determine the incidence of seroma formation after breast cancer surgery, and its association with common risk factors.Method: The correlational study was conducted at the General Surgery department of Kafrelsheikh University Hospital, Egypt, from March 2020 to March 2022 and comprised patients having breast cancer stage I, II or III, as per the Tumour- Node-Metastasis classification, who were scheduled to undergo modified radical mastectomy, breast conserving surgery or reconstructive surgery. Baseline, intraoperative and postoperative data was collected on a proforma. Data was analysed using SPSS 22.Results: Of the 50 female patients with mean age 45±5.20 (range: 20-70 years), 30(60%) were in the elderly group aged >45 years, while 20(40%) were aged <45years. Overall, 12(24%) cases developed seroma; 9(30%) in the elderly group. There were 24(48%) cases of modified radical mastectomy, and 8(33.3%) had seroma. Electrocautery was used for breast dissection in 30(60%) cases, and, among them, seroma developed in 10(33.3%) patients.Conclusion: Age, body weight, afflicted breast side, site, and size of breast mass were not found to be significant predictors of seroma formation following breast cancer surgery.Keywords: Seroma, Breast neoplasms, Neoadjuvant therapy, Electrocoagulation, Wound healing, Lymph nodes, Obesity.
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Mohamed Elgobbi, Mona. "An Increased Risk of Borderline Ovarian Cancers Following Use of Fertility Medications." Journal of Medical and Dental Science Research 12, no. 3 (2025): 65–69. https://doi.org/10.35629/076x-12036569.
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Women who are infertile and require ovarian stimulation and assisted reproductive technologies (ART) must deal with challenging difficulties. The greatest concern is the possibility that utilizing hormones will raise their risk of developing cancer. The inability to distinguish cancer risk from the underlying issue of infertility as a whole is one of the major obstacles to measuring cancer risk following ART. A key risk factor for breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer is the failure to conceive or the delay of conceiving. Medline literature review and cross-reference of published data. The following keywords were used to search the published literature in Medline and Cochrane: ovulation induction, reproductive techniques, clomiphene, in vitro fertilization, fertility agents, female/adverse effects, female/toxicity, gonadotropins/adverse effects or gonadotropins/toxicity, and "neoplasms or cancer." The evaluation included 95 publications in all. The risk of endometrial cancer may rise with high doses or frequent cycles of clomiphene citrate, according to limited evidence, albeit the confounding effects of polycystic ovarian disease and obesity are not generally taken into account. The risk of borderline ovarian carcinoma was slightly raised in several studies by ART. Breast, cervical, endometrial, ovarian, thyroid, and melanoma cancers, as well as colon and melanoma, are not made more likely by fertility therapies. Fertility medications do not appear to significantly raise the chance of developing invasive ovarian, endometrial, breast, or other cancers, and being pregnant early in life is a very important protective factor, so women can feel at peace about this.
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Danial, Daneshvar, El Douaihy Youssef, Bayat Mokhtari Maryam, Abureesh Mohammad, Bayat Mokhtari Moein, and Deeb Liliane. "Risk Factors of Young-Onset Colorectal Cancer: Analysis of a Large Population-Based Registry." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2022 (February 16, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3582443.
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Background. As the third most common type of cancer in the United States, colorectal cancer (CRC) was previously thought to be rare in young populations. Despite a decrease in the overall incidence of CRC, the rate of new cases under 50 years old has been continuously increasing. Aim. The purpose of our study was to analyze risk factors of young-onset CRC. Methods. Commercially available software platform, Explorys, was used to extract data from a collective healthcare database electronically. Results. In this database, 13,800 young adults (age 20–50) were diagnosed with primary colorectal malignancy. Compared to subjects with a previous family history of CRC who had an odds ratio of 17.78, those diagnosed with primary malignant neoplasm of breast and inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s) had odds ratios of 16.94, 4.4, and 3.7 for young-onset CRC, respectively. Patients with a history of alcohol abuse, smoking, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia had higher chances of developing young-onset CRC. In addition, the odds of CRC were lower in Hispanic ethnicity in comparison to Caucasians (OR: 0.54), with no statically significant differences between Caucasian, African American, and Asian populations. Conclusion. Currently, this is an expansive study investigating the risk factors for early-onset CRC. The analysis showed factors such as family and individual history of IBD to have high association with early onset. Notably, an individual history of breast malignancy was strongly associated with early-onset CRC.
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Dias, Caroline Ribeiro, Laryssa Marina Floté, and Fernando Antonio Mourão Valejo. "OS PRINCIPAIS FATORES DE RISCO PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE NEOPLASIA MALIGNA DE MAMA: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA." Colloquium Vitae 13, no. 3 (2022): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/cv.2021.v13.n3.v341.
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Malignant breast cancer occurs due to a disorderly cell division, caused by genetic modifications and is the one that kills most women worldwide. Thus, this study aims to recognize which are the main risk factors associated with malignant breast cancer. This is an integrative review of studies published in the last five years in the SCIELO and PUBMED databases. The non-modifiable risk factors most found in the studies were: female sex, age, early menarche, late menopause, family history and nulliparity. Among the modifiable factors are obesity, inadequate diet, physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, smoking, use of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy. Therefore, the importance of knowledge of these risk factors is perceived, since it allows establishing ways of performing primary and secondary prevention.
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Tozzi, L., C. D’Addetta, M. Bisceglia, et al. "Male breast cancer: Our experience." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (2006): 10733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.10733.
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10733 Background: Male breast is an uncommon disease, accounting for <1% of all malingnancies in the man. In contrast to women with breast cancer, men with breast cancer are older and have more advanced disease. Methods: Data regarding 25 male patients who underwent surgery for breast cancer in the our Istitution between January 1994 and December 2005 were analyzed. The main characteristics of these patients included: median age 64 years (range 32–87); positivity family cancer history: specific 4 pts, non-specific 3, no circumstance 18; risk factors: obesity 6 pts, gynaecomastia 4, diabetes 5, liver transplant 1. Five cases of second neoplasia were observed: 2 patient with prostate cancer, 1 synchronous colon carcinoma, 1 head and neck cancer, 1 pancreatic cancer. Results: All but one pts (with syncrhronous metastases at presentation) underwent mastectomy. Pathological characteristics included: pT1 tumors 3 pts (12%); pT2 7 pts (28%), pT3 2 (8%), pT4 13 (52 %); infiltrating ductal carcinomas in 88% of cases; axillary lymph node involvement in 12 (50%); 22 patients had estrogen- and progesterone-receptor positive tumors, 2 pts negative, 1 pts unknown. After surgery 14 pts received RT, 13 pts hormonotherapy and 16 patients adjuvant chemotherapy (7 CMF, 9 anthracyclin-based therapy). Median disease free survival was 41.5 months (range 5–116).With a median follow-up of 66 months, we observed 12 deaths (10 pts for progressive disease) and the overall survival rate was 52% (13 pts; 11 disease-free). According to the family cancer history we observed 5/7 (71%) and 7/18 (39%) deaths in positive and negative cases, respectively. Conclusions: The approach to male breast cancer patients is similar to that for female patients. Our data confirm the suspected epidemiologic risk factors such as prostate cancer, gynecomastia and dietary factors; furthermore, cases with family cancer history seems to have a worse prognosis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Macis, Debora, Sara Gandini, Aliana Guerrieri-Gonzaga, et al. "Prognostic Effect of Circulating Adiponectin in a Randomized 2 × 2 Trial of Low-Dose Tamoxifen and Fenretinide in Premenopausal Women at Risk for Breast Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 2 (2012): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.35.2237.
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Adipokines are linked to obesity and insulin sensitivity and have recently been related to breast cancer risk and prognosis. We investigated the associations of plasma leptin and adiponectin with mammographic density and disease status and assessed their prognostic effect on recurrence-free survival in premenopausal women at risk for breast cancer.Patients and MethodsWe measured circulating lipids, insulin-like growth factor 1, glucose, insulin and insulin sensitivity (calculated by homeostasis model assessment [HOMA] index), leptin, adiponectin, and leptin-to-adiponectin ratio in 235 premenopausal women with pT1mic/pT1a breast cancer (n = 21), intraepithelial neoplasia (n = 160), or 5-year Gail risk of 1.3% or greater (n = 54) who participated in a 2 × 2 trial of low-dose tamoxifen, fenretinide, both agents, or placebo over a 2-year period.ResultsAt baseline, adiponectin levels were directly associated with mammographic density and HDL cholesterol and negatively associated with leptin, leptin-to-adiponectin ratio, body mass index (BMI), and HOMA index. Median adiponectin levels were lower in affected than in unaffected women (P = .006). After a median of 7.2 years and total of 57 breast neoplastic events, there was a 12% reduction in the risk of breast neoplastic events per unit increase of adiponectin (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.81 to 0.96; P = .03). There was no interaction between treatment and adiponectin levels.ConclusionLow adiponectin levels are associated with a history of prior intraepithelial neoplasia or pT1mic/pT1a breast cancer and higher risk of second breast neoplastic events in premenopausal women. The associations are independent of BMI, mammographic density, and treatment. Our findings support the role of adiponectin as a potential target for premenopausal breast cancer prevention and treatment.
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Juárez-Cruz, Juan Carlos, Miriam Daniela Zuñiga-Eulogio, Monserrat Olea-Flores, et al. "Leptin induces cell migration and invasion in a FAK-Src-dependent manner in breast cancer cells." Endocrine Connections 8, no. 11 (2019): 1539–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ec-19-0442.
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Breast cancer is the most common invasive neoplasia, and the second leading cause of the cancer deaths in women worldwide. Mammary tumorigenesis is severely linked to obesity, one potential connection is leptin. Leptin is a hormone secreted by adipocytes, which contributes to the progression of breast cancer. Cell migration, metalloproteases secretion, and invasion are cellular processes associated with various stages of metastasis. These processes are regulated by the kinases FAK and Src. In this study, we utilized the breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 to determine the effect of leptin on FAK and Src kinases activation, cell migration, metalloprotease secretion, and invasion. We found that leptin activates FAK and Src and induces the localization of FAK to the focal adhesions. Interestingly, leptin promotes the activation of FAK through a Src- and STAT3-dependent canonical pathway. Specific inhibitors of FAK, Src and STAT3 showed that the effect exerted by leptin in cell migration in breast cancer cells is dependent on these proteins. Moreover, we established that leptin promotes the secretion of the extracellular matrix remodelers, MMP-2 and MMP-9 and invasion in a FAK and Src-dependent manner. Our findings strongly suggest that leptin promotes the development of a more aggressive invasive phenotype in mammary cancer cells.
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Elaine, Luderitza Delgadillo Guerrero, Fernanda Gámez Acosta María, Pamela Rodríguez Minguela Ingrid, et al. "Challenging Stereotypes: Cases of Breast Cancer in Men." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE AND CLINICAL RESEARCH STUDIES 03, no. 11 (2023): 2577–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10282151.
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Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women, internationally, and the leading cause of death from cancer. However, breast cancer in men is an uncommon pathology, corresponding to less than 1% of neoplasms in men. The lifetime risk of breast cancer in a man is approximately 1:1000, compared to 1:8 for a woman.Currently, an increase in timely diagnosis has been demonstrated thanks to the programs that are carried out for the early detection of breast cancer worldwide. Although, unfortunately, early diagnosis is still difficult due to the lack of information that a large part of the population has regarding self-examination, not only in our country, but also around the world, and in the case of breast cancer in men, being such an uncommon condition, its diagnosis is more difficult.The incidence of breast cancer is increasing in the developing world, due to longer life expectancy, increased urbanization and the adoption of Western lifestyles. Among the risk factors that have been seen to increase the risk of breast cancer in men, with scientifically proven evidence, are mainly hormonal disorders, family history and mutations of certain genes that predispose to the disease. The hormonal disorders mentioned above refer to an increase in circulating estrogen levels and a deficiency in the synthesis or action of testosterone. These alterations can be caused by disorders at the level of testicular testosterone synthesis, such as: orchitis, orchiectomy, undescended testicle, congenital inguinal hernia and others. Patients who voluntarily consume exogenous estrogens as part of the treatment of prostate cancer or transsexuals should also be taken into account. Another risk factor that has been found to be implicated in the presentation of this type of neoplasia are medications; many frequently used medications are testosterone antagonists. Alcohol is also implicated, since it decreases testosterone synthesis and the number of testicular receptors for gonadotropin.A higher prevalence has also been seen in patients with obesity, in whom there is a double risk, because as they have a higher peripheral aromatization of androgens, they synthesize a greater amount of circulating estrogens.Approximately 20% of men with breast cancer have a first-line family history, which indicates a two to three times higher risk of developing the disease at some point in their lives and that this risk doubles exponentially with the number of affected family members.Currently there are many programs and organizations that promote the fight against breast cancer, such as the World Health Organization, where there are comprehensive national cancer control programs that are integrated with non-communicable diseases and other related problems.Comprehensive cancer control encompasses prevention, early detection, diagnosis and treatment, rehabilitation and palliative care. Raising awareness of the general public about the problem of breast cancer and control mechanisms, as well as promoting appropriate policies and programs, are key strategies for population-based breast cancer control.Based on what has been mentioned above, the work will be carried out in order to have a better approach to breast cancer in men, due to the little information we have about it, as well as to raise awareness among the general population about the risk factors, prognostic factors, timely diagnosis and treatment of patients with this type of pathology.
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Armstrong, Gregory T., Charles A. Sklar, Melissa M. Hudson, and Leslie L. Robison. "Long-Term Health Status Among Survivors of Childhood Cancer: Does Sex Matter?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 28 (2007): 4477–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.11.2003.
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Increasing numbers of children diagnosed with cancer will survive their primary malignancy. Within this growing population of long-term survivors, considerable effort has been put forth to identify treatment-related risks for adverse health-related outcomes, such as exposure to alkylating agents, anthracyclines, radiotherapy, and surgery. Patient sex has been identified as a risk factor for numerous long-term adverse outcomes, with female sex more commonly associated with higher risks. In this article, we review the literature, which generally supports associations between female sex and cognitive dysfunction after cranial irradiation, cardiovascular outcomes, obesity, radiation-associated differences in pubertal timing, development of primary hypothyroidism, breast cancer as a second malignant neoplasm and suggests an increased prevalence for the development of osteonecrosis among females. Results of this review support future investigations to further define sex as a risk factor for other common treatment-specific exposures and outcomes. Additionally, research should focus on understanding the underlying biologic and physiological basis of these sex-specific risks. Historically, evidence from both basic science and clinical research has been used to develop risk-stratified therapy, allowing reduction of toxic therapies to low-risk patients without compromising overall survival. With greater knowledge of sex-specific risks, the potential application of sex-specific therapy designed to avoid poor long-term adverse outcomes may become a viable strategy.
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Rodriguez-Melendez, Elina A., Emiliano Pulla-Cadmilema, Lissette P. Velez Avila, et al. "Abstract P4-07-64: Impact of baseline ECOG, comorbidities, and surgery treatment election on overall survival." Cancer Research 83, no. 5_Supplement (2023): P4–07–64—P4–07–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-p4-07-64.
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Abstract Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of neoplasm in women. According to statistics from Globocan 2020, the incidence of breast cancer in Ecuador, as well as worldwide is 47.8 per 100,000 people/year, with a mortality rate of 13.6 per 100,000 people/year. Our health system provides coverage to approximately 60% of the population by the Ministry of Public Health (MSP), 30% by The Ecuadorian social security Institute (IESS), 5% by other entities (ISSFA, ISSPOL, MUNICIPIOS), and &lt; 3% of the population have private medical coverage. Medical care attentions for breast cancer, covered by the MSP was 7,134 consults in 2013, with an increase to 8,767 in 2018. SOLCA Guayaquil, as a national reference Center, provides 24.425 oncologic consults per year, with 38% corresponding to breast cancer. The presentation of breast cancer, at diagnosis, corresponds approximately to 63% in localized stage, 29% as locally advanced, 6% as metastatic disease, with a 5-year overall survival of 99%, 85% and 29% respectively. The proportion of clinical stage IV breast cancer diagnoses varies from 5-10%, with an average of 6% in urban areas, reaching up to 50% in rural areas, so metastatic breast cancer is a public health challenge, especially for countries with emerging economies like ours. Methods: An observational, retrospective, descriptive, single-center study was carried out. All patients with metastatic breast cancer who had been treated at the National Oncology Institute SOLCA Guayaquil, in the period from 2016 to 2020 were included in the analysis. The clinical and pathological characteristics were recorded and their impact on overall survival was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the long-rank test, multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were estimated by Cox regression models. Results: 3700 patients were identified between January 2016-December 2020. A total of 2587 patients were excluded. Of a total of 1113 remaining patients, 84 debuted as metastatic disease. No male patients where reported with metastatic breast cancer in the past 5 years. Median age at diagnosis was 53,31 years (28-88 years). The most frequent metastatic sites, were: bone 63.86% (N:53), lungs 50.6% (N:42), liver 30,12% (N:25), soft tissue 22.89% (N:19), CNS 16.87% (N:14); A multivariable analysis was performed, all metastatic sites have a higher risk of mortality vs not having any metastasis, but the only significant one is CNS metastases RR 1.31 (1.08-1.61), p&lt; 0.005. A total of 28 patients (33.73%) had 2 metastatic sites at presentation; 21 patients (25.30%) had 3 o more metastatic sites at presentation with a RR 1,22 (0.95-1,57) p:0,011, with overall survival -OS- (36 months vs 15 months) (long Rank 0,001). ECOG 1 was reported in 59 patients (71.08%), ECOG 2 in 18 (21.69%) and ECOG 3 in 5 (6,02%). A multivariable analysis was perform with ECOG 2-3, RR 1.03 (0,43-2-44), p:0,94. Principal reported comorbidities where: hypertension in 28 patients (33,73%), dyslipidemia in 16 (19,28%), obesity 14 (16,87%), Diabetes 8 (9,64%). By grouping 2 or more comorbidities, the RR 1,04 (0,83-1.30), p:0,71. Surgery was classified as done or not, where 33 patients (39,77%) underwent rescue mastectomy. Multivariable analysis shows Not Surgery with a RR 1,88 (1.07-3,3) p:0.02. Median OS was estimated for surgery 44,48 months +/-4,7SD; Not surgery 20,72 months +/-2,8 SD. Conclusions: In our population, metastatic breast cancer occurs in 7.6% (84 patients out of 1113 total), similar to that reported worldwide. Being a neoplasm with multiple immunophenotypes, and therefore, different treatment options, OS depends on multiple clinicopathological variables. This study showed that CNS metastases have a negative impact on OS, it is an independent variable for RR of mortality. ECOG and comorbidities did not show an impact on OS. Ultimately, mastectomy was offered to patients with good clinical response to systemic chemotherapy, and shows positive impact in OS. Citation Format: Elina A. Rodriguez-Melendez, Emiliano Pulla-Cadmilema, Lissette P. Velez Avila, Maria del Mar Sanchez Salazar, Patricia Tamayo Aguilar, Lissette Yagual Bohorquez, Jimmy Martin-Delgado, Glenda Ramos Martinez, Katherine Garcia Matamoros, Mayra Santacruz Maridueña, Ruth Engracia Vivanco, Roberto Escala Cornejo, Felipe Campoverde Merchan, Isabel Delgado Guerrero, Veronica Torres Floril, Diego Garcia Gamboa, Luis Pendola Gomez, Elizabeth Gamarra Cabezas, Juan Carlos Garces Santos, Evelyn Valencia-Espinoza. Impact of baseline ECOG, comorbidities, and surgery treatment election on overall survival [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-07-64.
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Jourabchi-Ghadim, Neda, Aydin Aynehchi, and Mehrangiz Ebrahimi-Mameghani. "38: COMPLICATIONS OF BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH CARCINOGENESIS; A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW (PRELIMINARY DATA)." BMJ Open 7, Suppl 1 (2017): bmjopen—2016–015415.38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015415.38.
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Background and aims:Recently, increasing Beige/Brown Adipose Tissue (BBAT) - a hyper-metabolic tissue in human body – has been a promising tool to combat metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome, which are associated with some cancers. Therefore, it seems that increased BBAT could reduce cancer incidence, which it is not agreed with the results of a number of studies. By considering the findings of observational and experimental studies, we aimed to review existing evidence for the link between BBAT hyperactivity and carcinogenesis.Methods:A systematic review of either published or e-published literatures from 1946 up to July-2016 was carried out using PRISMA guidelines. Scientific databases and search engines including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Ovid, PubMed, Scopus, ClinicalKey and ProQuest were searched systematically using key terms including “cancer”, “neoplasm”, “malignancy”, “carcinoma”, “tumor”, “metastasis”, “oxidative stress”, “free radicals”, “oxidant”, “brown”, “beige”, “brite”, “adipose”, “adipocyte” and “fat” in combination. This search was limited on English reported original research that were thoroughly appraised and included in this review.Results:Somein vitroandin vivostudies met the selection criteria. The production of a significant amount of free radicals by uncoupling chain protein 1 (UCP1) in the BBAT mitochondria has frequently been investigated. This could be as the main contradiction of a hyperactive-BAT. Furthermore, the link between BBAT activity and risk of cancer has been reported in a limited number of observational studies, esp. with breast cancer. Hence, BAT hyperactivity has been reported to be accompanied by the browning process of white adipose tissue (producing beige fat) in some experimental and observational studies that could deteriorate cancer cachexia through increasing metabolism. The production of free radicals along with increasing metabolism and energy expenditure of the human body has been suggested as possible mechanisms.Conclusion:It is concluded that although BBAT hyperactivity could have a potential role in carcinogenesis and cancer-induced cachexia, more human studies are required to focus on BBAT involvement in carcinogenesis.
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Savina, A. A., S. I. Feyginova, and E. V. Zemlyanova. "Age and Sex-Related Characteristics of Obesity-Associated Adult Mortality." City Healthcare 5, no. 4 (2024): 329–45. https://doi.org/10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2024.v.5i4p2;316-345.
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Background. Obesity and associated diseases could substantially affect life expectancy by increasing the risks of premature mortality.Objective. To evaluate the changes in the age and sex distribution of adult mortality from obesity-associated causes in Moscow from 2011 to 2020 in comparison to the average national indicators.Materials and methods. The analysis focused on standardized death rates among the adult population, categorized by sex and age groups (aged 20–54, aged 55–59, aged 60 and older).Results. In Moscow, mortality from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease significantly reduced, especially in persons aged 20–54. The reduction in mortality rate from cerebral infarction was higher in Moscow, especially in individuals aged 55 and older, across both sexes. Conversely, the incidence of ischemic heart disease mortality in Moscow has risen. The study showed an increase in mortality from endocrine diseases, including type 2 diabetes, which may be partly explained by the revised guidelines for coding primary causes of death. In addition, the dynamic in Moscow was more favorable. The mortality rates from malignant neoplasms in Moscow were 8% lower than in Russia, and mortality trends were rather favorable, both in Moscow and Russia. However, mortality rates and trends vary significantly depending on the type of malignancy.Conclusions. A favorable trend was observed in mortality from obesity-associated diseases, such as acute cerebrovascular accident (cerebral infarction) and some malignant neoplasms (colorectal cancer and breast cancer in women). The negative trends in mortality from such chronic diseases as ischemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes were observed. Men aged 55–59 have been identified as a risk group for these negative trends. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the preventive measures targeting these at-risk groups.
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Savina, A. A., S. I. Feyginova, and E. V. Zemlyanova. "Age and Sex-Related Characteristics of Obesity-Associated Adult Mortality." City Healthcare 5, no. 4 (2024): 329–45. https://doi.org/10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2024.v.5i4p2;329-345.
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Background. Obesity and associated diseases could substantially affect life expectancy by increasing the risks of premature mortality.Objective. To evaluate the changes in the age and sex distribution of adult mortality from obesity-associated causes in Moscow from 2011 to 2020 in comparison to the average national indicators.Materials and methods. The analysis focused on standardized death rates among the adult population, categorized by sex and age groups (aged 20–54, aged 55–59, aged 60 and older).Results. In Moscow, mortality from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease significantly reduced, especially in persons aged 20–54. The reduction in mortality rate from cerebral infarction was higher in Moscow, especially in individuals aged 55 and older, across both sexes. Conversely, the incidence of ischemic heart disease mortality in Moscow has risen. The study showed an increase in mortality from endocrine diseases, including type 2 diabetes, which may be partly explained by the revised guidelines for coding primary causes of death. In addition, the dynamic in Moscow was more favorable. The mortality rates from malignant neoplasms in Moscow were 8% lower than in Russia, and mortality trends were rather favorable, both in Moscow and Russia. However, mortality rates and trends vary significantly depending on the type of malignancy.Conclusions. A favorable trend was observed in mortality from obesity-associated diseases, such as acute cerebrovascular accident (cerebral infarction) and some malignant neoplasms (colorectal cancer and breast cancer in women). The negative trends in mortality from such chronic diseases as ischemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes were observed. Men aged 55–59 have been identified as a risk group for these negative trends. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the preventive measures targeting these at-risk groups.
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de Souza, Alessandra B., Daniely R. Freitas-Alves, Taiana S. da Silva, Vanessa Índio-do-Brasil, and Rosane Vianna-Jorge. "Abstract 4014: Prognostic evaluation of breast cancer long-term survival outcomes: contributions from a Brazilian hospital-based cohort." Cancer Research 85, no. 8_Supplement_1 (2025): 4014. https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2025-4014.
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Abstract Breast cancer is currently the second most common neoplasm worldwide and the leading cause of death by cancer among women. Treatment advances based on molecular classification of tumors have contributed to reduce mortality in many developed countries. Nevertheless, the growing incidence worldwide poses additional challenges to adjust prognostic evaluation to changing epidemiological profiles in distinct populations. In this regard, the present study evaluates a current prospective cohort of Brazilian women with primary unilateral and non-metastatic breast carcinoma, who were diagnosed and started treatment between 2009 to 2013 at the Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA #129/08). The study aims to characterize the contribution of well-known histopathological characteristics, in combination with clinical and sociodemographic aspects, for prognostic evaluation of survival outcomes. Here, we present the first analyses after completing ten years of follow-up. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the impact of individual variables on disease-free or overall survival rates was estimated by calculation of their hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate the adjusted HR (HRadj) and respective 95% CI. Total patient follow-up was 152, 832 person-months, with a median follow-up time per person of 12.5 years (y). Disease-free survival (DFS) was 80.2% (5y) and 64.8% (10y), with a median of 99 months (95% CI 97.8 - 102.0). Overall survival (OS) was 83.1% (5y) and 69.6% (10y), with a median of 98 months (95% CI 96.0 - 100.7). Tumor staging ≥ IIb and molecular classification as HER-2 or triple-negative were prognostic of both DFS and OS, either for 5y- or 10y- models. In addition, obesity was significantly associated with worse DFS (HRadj = 1.554; 95% CI 1.021 - 2.365) and marginally contributing for OS (HRadj = 1.545; 95% CI 0.998 - 2.391), but only in 5y-models. In contrast, the 10y-models indicated worse outcomes for patients who self-reported as black or brown: HRadj = 1.365 (95% CI 1.048 - 1.777) for DFS or HRadj = 1.511 (95% CI 1.051 - 2.171) for OS. It is not clear how color/race is affecting survival in our cohort, as no significant differences were found for clinical or histopathological characteristics at diagnosis. We are currently including data from gene polymorphisms as an attempt to find new molecular biomarkers that might improve prognostic evaluation of breast cancer. Citation Format: Alessandra B. de Souza, Daniely R. Freitas-Alves, Taiana S. da Silva, Vanessa Índio-do-Brasil, Rosane Vianna-Jorge. Prognostic evaluation of breast cancer long-term survival outcomes: contributions from a Brazilian hospital-based cohort [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2025; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2025 Apr 25-30; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2025;85(8_Suppl_1):Abstract nr 4014.
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Bidoli, Ettore, Silvia Franceschi, and Maurizio Montella. "Cancer Mortality by Urbanization and Proximity to the Sea Coast in Campania Region, Southern Italy." Tumori Journal 84, no. 4 (1998): 460–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089169808400405.
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Aims and background The risk for several cancers is higher in urban than in rural areas. The gradient has seldom been studied in southern Europe. Patients and methods The geographical pattern of mortality for different cancers and all causes was studied in the Campania Region (about 5.6 million inhabitants), whose largest town is Naples. The key variables were residence in urban/rural and coastal/inland municipalities. Relative risks of death and corresponding 95% confidence intervals by residence were evaluated by means of Poisson log-linear regression models. Results Significantly increased mortality rates in urban compared to rural municipalities were found for several cancer causes of death. In particular, in both sexes, excesses in the order of 30-50% were observed for tobacco-related neoplasms (i.e., larynx, lung, and bladder) and cancers of the intestine, liver, brain, multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, in addition to all-cancer, and all-cause mortality. In females, specific excesses were also noticed for cancer of the gallbladder, pancreas, breast and uterus (corpus and cervix). Conversely, significantly decreased mortality rates in urban with respect to rural municipalities were observed for cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx in males. Coastal location and degree of urbanization were strongly correlated, thus showing similar associations with most causes of death. However, a significant excess of cancer of the pleura in males was restricted to coastal municipalities. Conclusions Anti-smoking campaigns, sanitation improvements, hepatitis B vaccination, and a decrease in obesity emerge as high priorities with respect to cancer control strategies in the Campania Region, particularly in overpopu-lated, underprivileged urban areas.
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Vazquez, Eliza, Yulia Lipovka, Alejandro Cervantes-Arias, et al. "Canine Mammary Cancer: State of the Art and Future Perspectives." Animals 13, no. 19 (2023): 3147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13193147.
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Mammary cancer is the most frequently diagnosed neoplasia in women and non-spayed female dogs and is one of the leading causes of death in both species. Canines develop spontaneous mammary tumors that share a significant number of biological, clinical, pathological and molecular characteristics with human breast cancers. This review provides a detailed description of the histological, molecular and clinical aspects of mammary cancer in canines; it discusses risk factors and currently available diagnostic and treatment options, as well as remaining challenges and unanswered questions. The incidence of mammary tumors is highly variable and is impacted by biological, pathological, cultural and socioeconomic factors, including hormonal status, breed, advanced age, obesity and diet. Diagnosis is mainly based on histopathology, although several efforts have been made to establish a molecular classification of canine mammary tumors to widen the spectrum of treatment options, which today rely heavily on surgical removal of tumors. Lastly, standardization of clinical study protocols, development of canine-specific biological tools, establishment of adequate dog-specific disease biomarkers and identification of targets for the development of new therapies that could improve survival and have less adverse effects than chemotherapy are among the remaining challenges.
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Sun, Qiang, Xu-Yan Liu, Qi Zhang, and Hai Jiang. "Non-retroareolar male mucinous breast cancer without gynecomastia development in an elderly man: A case report." World Journal of Clinical Cases 11, no. 25 (2023): 5954–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v11.i25.5954.
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Insulin, a small protein with 51 amino acids synthesized by pancreatic β-cells, is crucial to sustain glucose homeostasis at biochemical and molecular levels. Numerous metabolic dysfunctions are related to insulin-mediated altered glucose homeostasis. One of the significant pathophysiological conditions linked to the insulin associated disorder is diabetes mellitus (DM) (type 1, type 2, and gestational). Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the major underlying causes of metabolic disorders despite its association with several physiological conditions. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is another pathophysiological condition that is associated with IR, hypertension, and obesity. Further, several other pathophysiological disorders/diseases are associated with the insulin malfunctioning, which include polycystic ovary syndrome, neuronal disorders, and cancer. Insulinomas are an uncommon type of pancreatic β-cell-derived neuroendocrine tumor that makes up 2% of all pancreatic neoplasms. Literature revealed that different biochemical events, molecular signaling pathways, microRNAs, and microbiota act as connecting links between insulin disorder and associated pathophysiology such as DM, insuloma, neurological disorder, MS, and cancer. In this review, we focus on the insulin-related disorders and the underlying mechanisms associated with the pathophysiology.
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Cavalcante, Edla Renata, Katia Regina Marchetti, Jamile Almeida Silva, and Laura Testa. "Male breast cancer: Epidemiological evaluation and clinical outcomes." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (2020): e13619-e13619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e13619.
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e13619 Background: Male breast cancer (BC) is a rare neoplasia, with a risk of 1:1.000 in USA. Data from Sao Paulo Cancer Registry has shown that BC adjusted incidence rates is about 1.21 per 100,000 at the period from 2001 to 2005, but there is no incidence data for the whole country. Methods: We conducted a unicentric retrospective cohort, with histologically proven male BC patients whose first appointment was between 2008 and 2018 at Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo in Brazil. The primary endpoint was OS according to metastatic status and initial staging. OS and RFS were analyzed by Kaplan–Meier method and the difference calculated by log-rank test; reported hazard ratios by univariate Cox Models and P-values by score test. Multivariate analysis was calculated through COX regression. Results: 89 male BC patients were accessed, average age at diagnosis was 63.3 yeas-old. 84.2% had carcinoma of no special type (88,7% estrogen positive receptor, 84,2% progesterone positive receptor). When Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was calculated, most (23.5%) were ≥ 7 (10-year survival: 0%), being 17.9% stage IV. Mastectomy was performed at 73% patients, 38.2% received adjuvant chemotherapy; 44.9% received adjuvant radiotherapy and 64% received adjuvant endocrine therapy (94.7% tamoxifen). For metastatic disease, endocrine therapy was the first option in 52%. Median OS was 75 months (95% CI, 39.2-110.7) in M0 and 39 months (95% CI, 25,2–52,8) in M1 ( p = 0.001). CCI showed be an independent death factor (HR 0.37, 95% CI, 0.17-0.8, p = 0.011). Median RFS was 97 months [95% CI, 47.3–146.7]. When BMI was evaluated for patients with obesity (> 30) there was no difference in disease relapse ( p = 0.29). Conclusions: Our results are consistent with those from previous literature, regarding histology, biomarkers and later stage at diagnosis. A quarter of our patients had high CCI and this could had impacted on best treatment option choices. Treatment approaches use to be similar from those of female population. However, as disease biology and hormonal physiology are different between gender, there is a lack of specific protocols and trials in male population.
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Panagiotou, Grigorios, Sofia Triantafyllidou, Basil C. Tarlatzis, and Eleni Papakonstantinou. "Serum Levels of Irisin and Omentin-1 in Breast Neoplasms and Their Association with Tumor Histology." International Journal of Endocrinology 2021 (February 22, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6656671.
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Breast cancer is associated with obesity, possibly due to direct effects of adipokines and myokines, such as omentin-1 and irisin. In this study, we aimed to evaluate omentin-1 and irisin levels in women with benign and/or malignant breast neoplasms vs. healthy controls. Disease-free individuals (N = 56) and patients with histologically proven benign (N = 61) or malignant tumor (N = 96; subdivided into recently diagnosed/treatment-naïve (N = 72) and chemotherapy-treated (N = 24) subgroups) were enrolled in this study. Demographic, biochemical, and tumor histological characteristics were recorded. Body composition parameters were assessed using bioelectrical impedance. Serum irisin and omentin-1 levels were quantified with ELISA kits. In adjusted models, irisin levels were higher in both benign and malignant cases compared to controls but were comparable between neoplasms. Further adjustment for omentin-1 levels showed that age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.05, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = (1.02, 1.08), p < 0.01 ) and irisin levels (OR = 5.30, 95% CI = (1.24, 22.38), p = 0.03 ) were independent predictors of the presence of malignancy. These molecules were associated with each other and with other anthropometric and demographic parameters. Irisin was associated with tumor histological characteristics including Ki67% levels, Elston-Ellis grading system, and estrogen receptors status. Omentin-1 was also associated with the Elston-Ellis grading system. In conclusion, serum irisin is increased in patients with both benign and malignant diseases of the breast. When combined with omentin-1, irisin concentration was associated with the presence of breast malignancy. This molecule’s role as a potential diagnostic and/or prognostic agent in breast malignancies warrants further investigation in larger prospective studies.
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Wang, Lindsey, Rong Xu, David C. Kaelber, and Nathan A. Berger. "Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists and 13 Obesity-Associated Cancers in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes." JAMA Network Open 7, no. 7 (2024): e2421305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.21305.
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ImportanceThirteen human malignant neoplasms have been identified as obesity-associated cancers (OACs), ie, the presence of excess body fat is associated with increased risk of developing cancer and worse prognosis in patients with these specific tumors. The glucagon-like peptide receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) class of pharmaceuticals are effective agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and for achieving weight loss, but the association of GLP-1RAs with the incident risk of 13 OACs is unclear.ObjectiveTo compare the incident risk of each of the 13 OACs in patients with T2D who were prescribed GLP-1RAs vs insulins or metformin.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study was based on a nationwide multicenter database of electronic health records (EHRs) of 113 million US patients. The study population included 1 651 452 patients with T2D who had no prior diagnosis of OACs and were prescribed GLP-1RAs, insulins, or metformin during March 2005 to November 2018. Data analysis was conducted on April 26, 2024.ExposuresPrescription of GLP-1RAs, insulins, or metformin.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIncident (first-time) diagnosis of each of the 13 OACs occurring during a 15-year follow-up after the exposure was examined using Cox proportional hazard and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses with censoring applied. Hazard ratios (HRs), cumulative incidences, and 95% CIs were calculated. All models were adjusted for confounders at baseline by propensity-score matching baseline covariates.ResultsIn the study population of 1 651 452 patients with T2D (mean [SD] age, 59.8 [15.1] years; 827 873 [50.1%] male and 775 687 [47.0%] female participants; 5780 [0.4%] American Indian or Alaska Native, 65 893 [4.0%] Asian, 281 242 [17.0%] Black, 13 707 [0.8%] Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and 1 000 780 [60.6%] White participants), GLP-1RAs compared with insulin were associated with a significant risk reduction in 10 of 13 OACs, including in gallbladder cancer (HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.15-0.83), meningioma (HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.18-0.74), pancreatic cancer (HR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.33-0.50), hepatocellular carcinoma (HR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.36-0.61), ovarian cancer (HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.03-0.74), colorectal cancer (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.46-0.64), multiple myeloma (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.44-0.77), esophageal cancer (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.42-0.86), endometrial cancer (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.60-0.91), and kidney cancer (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.64-0.91). Although not statistically significant, the HR for stomach cancer was less than 1 among patients who took GLP-1RAs compared with those who took insulin (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.51-1.03). GLP-1RAs were not associated with a reduced risk of postmenopausal breast cancer or thyroid cancer. Of those cancers that showed a decreased risk among patients taking GLP-1RAs compared with those taking insulin, HRs for patients taking GLP-1RAs vs those taking metformin for colorectal and gallbladder cancer were less than 1, but the risk reduction was not statistically significant. Compared with metformin, GLP-1RAs were not associated with a decreased risk of any cancers, but were associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.27-1.87).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, GLP-1RAs were associated with lower risks of specific types of OACs compared with insulins or metformin in patients with T2D. These findings provide preliminary evidence of the potential benefit of GLP-1RAs for cancer prevention in high-risk populations and support further preclinical and clinical studies for the prevention of certain OACs.
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De Censi, Andrea, Matteo Puntoni, Aliana Guerrieri-Gonzaga, et al. "Effect modifiers in a randomized phase III trial of low-dose tamoxifen in breast preinvasive disease." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (2019): 1500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.1500.
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1500 Background: Low-dose tamoxifen (babytam) at 5 mg/day for 3 years decreases local or contralateral recurrence by 52% in women with hormone sensitive breast pre-invasive neoplasia after surgery (DeCensi et al JCO 2019). Here we report the results of exploratory analyses to assess whether the benefit of babytam varies among subgroups of patients defined by individual characteristics. Methods: Post-hoc subgroup analyses were performed according to a mixed approach based on the test for interaction and biological plausibility. Incidence of invasive breast cancer or DCIS was the primary endpoint. HRs were estimated using Cox proportional-hazards modeling. Results: Age at menopause, smoking status and Ki-67 exhibited a significant interaction with treatment. Specifically, the effect of babytam was greater in women aged > 50y (n = 293, HR = 0.27, 95%CI: 0.10-0.73) than in women aged ≤50y (n = 207, HR = 0.86, 0.35-2.07), p-interaction = .09. Never smokers (n = 307) had a greater benefit than former (n = 68) or current smokers (n = 97): HR = 0.28, 0.11-0.70 vs HR = 0.57, 0.09-3.45 vs HR = 1.51, 0.41-5.64, respectively (p = .05). Tumors with Ki-67 above the median level of 10% (n = 133) had a greater effect (HR = 0.27, 0.09-0.81) than Ki-67 ≤10% (n = 145, HR = 1.58, 0.45-5.60, p = .04). Weaker statistical interactions (p > .1) were also found for waist circumference and hot flashes (HF) at baseline. Women with waist circumference ≥89 cm (metabolic syndrome, n = 208) had a greater effect (HR = 0.22, 0.07-0.78) than women < 89 cm (n = 228, HR = 0.61, 0.25-1.46). Compared with placebo and no HF, babytam effect was stronger in women with HF (HR = 0.13, 0.02-0.96) than in women on babytam and no HF (HR = 0.50, 0.24-1.03) or placebo and HF (HR = 0.72, 0.31-1.69, log-rank p-trend = .004). Additional subgroups according to obesity, family history of breast or ovarian cancer, alcohol use, extent of surgery, radiotherapy for DCIS, ER and HER2 expression, positive margins and treatment compliance showed no significant heterogeneity of treatment. Conclusions: Exploratory analyses showed a trend to a higher effect of babytam in women aged 50 or older, never smokers, women with hot flashes or abdominal obesity and tumors with Ki-67 above 10%. Our results provide insight into the efficacy of babytam towards a personalized preventive approach. Clinical trial information: NCT01357772.
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Cruz, Lóris Aparecida Prado da, Mirele Savegnago Mialich, Bruna Ramos da Silva, Thais De Oliveira Gozzo, Alceu Afonso Jordão, and Ana Maria de Almeida. "Doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em mulheres com câncer de mama." Revista Recien - Revista Científica de Enfermagem 11, no. 34 (2021): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.24276/rrecien2021.11.34.100-109.
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Identificar a ocorrência de obesidade, hipertensão arterial e níveis glicêmicos alterados entre mulheres com câncer de mama; avaliar a distribuição destas comorbidades em relação à idade, tempo de diagnóstico do câncer, circunferência da cintura, hormonioterapia e quimioterapia. Estudo transversal com 67 mulheres com câncer de mama. Utilizou-se um instrumento com variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas, avaliações antropométricas e coleta de sangue para glicemia de jejum. Utilizou-se teste exato de Fisher, Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis. Dentre as participantes, 34,3% eram pré-obesas e 29,9% apresentavam parâmetros de obesidade leve a grave, 53,7% hipertensas e 20,9% diabéticas. Encontrou-se associação entre idade e hipertensão arterial; circunferência da cintura e hipertensão arterial; níveis glicêmicos e circunferência da cintura; índice de massa corpórea e circunferência da cintura; idade e diabetes mellitus; e idade e circunferência da cintura. Recomenda-se assistência que contemple ações sistematizadas integrando a avaliação e cuidados do câncer de mama e outras comorbidades.Descritores: Neoplasias Mamárias, Hipertensão, Obesidade, Glicemia. Chronic non-communicable diseases in women with breast cancerAbstract: To identify the occurrence of obesity, high blood pressure, and altered blood glucose levels among women with breast cancer; to evaluate the distribution of these comorbidities in relation to age, time since breast cancer diagnosis, waist circumference, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy. Cross-sectional study with 67 women with breast cancer. An instrument with sociodemographic and clinical variables, anthropometric assessments, and blood collection for fasting glucose was used. Fisher's exact test identified the relationship between qualitative variables and the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests for continuous and categorical measures. Among the participants, 34.3% were pre-obese and 29.9% had parameters of mild to severe obesity, 53.7% were hypertensive and 20.9% were diabetic. An association was found between age and arterial hypertension; waist circumference and arterial hypertension; blood glucose levels and waist circumference; body mass index and waist circumference; age and diabetes mellitus; and age and waist circumference. The assistance that includes systematized actions is recommended, integrating the assessment and care that includes breast cancer and comorbidities.Descriptors: Mammary Neoplasms, Hypertension, Obesity, Glucose. Enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en mujeres con cáncer de mamaResumen: Identificar la aparición de obesidad, hipertensión arterial y niveles alterados de glucosa en sangre entre las mujeres con cáncer de seno; evaluar la distribución de estas comorbilidades en relación con la edad, el tiempo transcurrido desde el diagnóstico de cáncer de mama, la circunferencia de la cintura, la terapia hormonal y la quimioterapia. Estudio transversal con 67 mujeres con cáncer de mama. Se utilizó un instrumento con variables sociodemográficas y clínicas, evaluaciones antropométricas y extracción de sangre para glucemia en ayunas. La prueba exacta de Fisher identificó la relación entre las variables cualitativas y las pruebas de Mann-Whitney y Kruskal-Wallis para medidas continuas y categóricas. Entre los participantes, 34.3% eran pre obesos y 29.9% tenían parámetros de obesidad leve a severa, 53.7% eran hipertensos y 20.9% eran diabéticos. Se encontró una asociación entre la edad y la hipertensión arterial; circunferencia de la cintura e hipertensión arterial; niveles de glucosa en sangre y circunferencia de la cintura; índice de masa corporal y circunferencia de la cintura; edad y diabetes mellitus; y edad y circunferencia de la cintura. Se recomienda asistencia que incluya acciones sistematizadas, integrando la evaluación y la atención que incluye el cáncer de mama y las comorbilidades.Descriptores: Neoplasias Mamarias, Hipertensión, Obesidad, Glucemia.
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Klyukina, Lidiya A., Elena A. Sosnova, Anton A. Ishchenko, and Mikhail M. Davydov. "Phenomenon of hormone-dependent polyneoplasia of the female reproductive system." V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 1 (2023): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2313-8726-2023-10-1-25-37.
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BACKGROUND: Primary multiplicity of malignant tumors of the female reproductive system is the least studied area of clinical oncology. In addition, the steady rise in the number of patients and various localizations of polyneoplasia with lesions of the female reproductive organs necessitate a detailed study of this problem.
 AIM: This study aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors and describe the clinical aspects of polyneoplasia of the female reproductive system for 20102021 in women seen at the Medical and Rehabilitation Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, and the University Clinical Hospital No. 4 of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the case records of 147 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of polyneoplasia of the female reproductive system for 20102021, which accounted for 3.6% of all newly diagnosed neoplasms of the female reproductive system in the above medical institutions. Moreover, a continuous sampling method was used.
 RESULTS: Breast cancer was the most frequent first tumor, combined with cancer of the contralateral breast in 27 (42.1%) patients, cancer of the uterine body in 4 (6.25%) patients, ovarian cancer in 4 (6.25%) patients, colon cancer in 4 (6.25%) patients, and thyroid cancer in 1 (1.5%) patient. Cancer of the uterine body was combined with breast cancer in 10 (35.7%) patients, ovarian cancer in 2 (7.1%) patients, thyroid cancer in 2 (7.1%) patients, and colon cancer in 3 (11.1%) patients. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma, pathogenic variant I was determined in 20 (71.4%) cases according to the histological structure. Thyroid cancer was detected in 7 (5.6%) cases; in all cases, it developed metachronously, and it was combined as the initial tumor with breast cancer in 1 (14.3%) case, uterine body cancer in 2 (28.5%) cases, and ovarian cancer in 1 (14.3%) case. As the second tumor, it was also combined with uterine body cancer in 2 (28.5%) cases and ovarian cancer in 1 (14.3%) case. The risk factors assessment led to the identification of several factors that are common in patients with hormone-dependent forms of primary multiple cancer, including obesity, diabetes mellitus, irregular menstrual cycle, history of proliferative diseases of the mammary glands, intake of thyroid drugs, uterine hyperplastic processes, and hypothyroidism.
 CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the different aspects of the development and course of hormone-dependent polyneoplasia of the female reproductive system will help in developing approaches for follow-up monitoring of women who have been treated for a primary tumor and are at risk of developing a subsequent tumor of hormone-dependent organs, to prevent the recurrence of the disease and predict the subsequent tumor and ensure its timely detection.
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Pekic, Sandra, Marko Stojanovic, and Vera Popovic. "Pituitary tumors and the risk of other malignancies: is the relationship coincidental or causal?" Endocrine Oncology 2, no. 1 (2022): R1—R13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eo-21-0033.
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Pituitary adenomas are benign neoplasms of the pituitary. The most prevalent are prolactinomas and non-functioning pituitary adenomas, followed by growth hormone- and ACTH-secreting adenomas. Most pituitary adenomas seem to be sporadic and their persistent growth is very atypical. No molecular markers predict their behavior. The occurrence of pituitary adenomas and malignancies in the same patient can be either pure coincidence or caused by shared underlying genetic susceptibility involved in tumorigenesis. Detailed family history on cancers/tumors in the first, second and third generation of family members on each side of the family has been reported in a few studies. They found an association of pituitary tumors with positive family history for breast, lung and colorectal cancer. We have reported that in about 50% of patients with pituitary adenomas, an association with positive family history for cancer has been found independent of secretory phenotype (acromegaly, prolactinoma, Cushingʼs disease or non-functioning pituitary adenomas). We also found earlier onset of pituitary tumors (younger age at diagnosis of pituitary tumors) in patients with a strong family history of cancer. In our recent unpublished series of 1300 patients with pituitary adenomas, 6.8% of patients were diagnosed with malignancy. The latency period between the diagnosis of pituitary adenoma and cancer was variable, and in 33% of patients, it was longer than 5 years. Besides the inherited trophic mechanisms (shared underlying genetic variants), the potential influence of shared complex epigenetic influences (environmental and behavioral factors – obesity, smoking, alcohol intake and insulin resistance) is discussed. Further studies are needed to better understand if patients with pituitary adenomas are at increased risk for cancer.
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Adiga, Giridhar U., K. H. Ramesh, Tommy R. Tong, and Tomasz Jodlowski. "Aneuploidy and neoplasia: Case of recurrent polysomy occurring at different times." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (2013): e22196-e22196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e22196.
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e22196 Background: Recurring polysomies in diverse tumors at different times may suggest common neoplastic mechanisms. Following case demonstrates similar polysomies in breast, endometrial and cholangiocarcinoma arising at different times. Methods: A 79-year-old African American female was diagnosed poorly differentiated cholangiocarcinoma. Tumor markers (CEA, AFP, CA19-9) were normal. FISH analysis with D3Z1 (centromere 3), D7Z1 (centromere 7), CDKN2A (9p21) and D17Z1 (centromere 17) DNA probes (Abbott Molecular, IL. USA) revealed polysomy of chromosomes 3, 7, 9 and 17. Oncology history includes tumors noted in the table. Medical history includes aortic aneurysm, hypertension, IPF, obesity, CKD, DJD, cholecystectomy and adjuvant tamoxifen. She was never pregnant, non smoker non alcoholic and no prior chemical exposures. Her maternal aunt had unclear pelvic cancer at 70. Her niece had duodenal cancer in 40s. Possible common initiating neoplastic mechanism or predisposition was speculated in view of multiple tumors. Archived specimens of previous tumors were tested using the same FISH probe set. Results: Similar pattern of aneuploidy was noted in cholandiocarcinoma, DCIS and endometrial polyp specimen and no such abnormalities in parathyroid adenoma and in normal tissue. Conclusions: Occurrences of similar polysomy in tumors originating from diverse tissues at different times but not in normal tissue suggest common predisposition and/or similar, nonrandom, neoplastic molecular events. Uncommon and previously not described polysomy pattern was noted in DCIS and in endometrial polyp. [Table: see text]
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Naimo, Giuseppina Daniela, Martina Forestiero, Alessandro Paolì, et al. "Abstract P2-26-18: Adiponectin regulates stem cell activity in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells." Cancer Research 83, no. 5_Supplement (2023): P2–26–18—P2–26–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-p2-26-18.
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Abstract Introduction: Breast cancer is the most diagnosed neoplasia and the second leading cause of malignancy death in women. Drug resistance is still the major challenge in the clinical management of breast cancer patients. Indeed, despite the improvements in the early diagnosis and in the therapeutic approaches, many breast cancer patients experience disease relapse due to de novo or acquired drug resistance. Growing evidence recognized a small population of breast cancer cells, named Breast Cancer Stem Cells (BCSCs), as the leading cause of tumor progression, metastasis formation and resistance against conventional therapy. BCSCs have some specific properties such as self-renewal, differentiation into different cell types, migration, tumorsphere formation, antioxidative activity, that make tumors more aggressive. Tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in the regulation of stem cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis through the secretion of cytokines and growth factors. Adipocytes represent the most abundant cellular component of mammary microenvironment. The excessive fat accumulation in obesity leads to the development of a dysfunctional adipose tissue, producing an unbalance in adipokines secretion. Among the secreted factors, adiponectin plays a crucial role in breast cancer development and progression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of low adiponectin level (5 μl/ml), hallmark of obese status, on BCSCs activity in hormone-resistant cells. Methods: We tested the ability of MCF-7 wild type (WT) and tamoxifen-resistant (TR) to grow as mammospheres (Mammospheres Forming Efficiency, MFE), measuring the ability to maintain cell viability (self-renewal) upon serial non-adherent passages. mRNA levels of stemness, EMT and cell cycle markers were evaluated by qRT-PCR. CD44+/24- cell ratio, ALDH expression, ROS production, cell cycle, were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: Adiponectin treatment significantly enhanced MFE and self-renewal capacity in TR-MCF-7 cells compared to MCF-7 WT cells. To identify the presence of BCSCs into mammospheres it has been evaluated the CD44+/CD24– biomarker signature. Flow cytometry revealed an enrichment of CD44, a trans-membrane glycoprotein which regulates growth signals in stem cells, in TR-MCF-7 mammospheres, whereas expression levels of the differentiation marker CD24 were decreased. The gene expression of these biomarkers was also analyzed by qRT-PCR. The increased BCSCs subpopulation in adiponectin-treated TR-MCF-7 mammospheres was also confirmed by the enhanced ALDH-expressing cells. qRT-PCR revealed that adiponectin increased the mRNA levels of stemness and EMT markers in TR-MCF-7 cells mammospheres. Interestingly, cell cycle analysis showed in adiponectin-treated TR-MCF-7 mammospheres a reduction of apoptosis. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis displayed a reduction of ROS levels, which generally are assumed as cues determining DNA damage-induced cell death, in adiponectin-treated TR-MCF-7 mammospheres. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that low adiponectin level, as it occurs in obese breast cancer microenvironment, driving EMT, enhances stem-like features in TR-MCF-7 cells to sustain tumor progression. Citation Format: Giuseppina Daniela Naimo, Martina Forestiero, Alessandro Paolì, Francesca Giordano, Maria Luisa Panno, Loredana Mauro, Sebastiano Andò. Adiponectin regulates stem cell activity in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-26-18.
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Mohammed, Faruk, David J. Lee, Katy Graef, et al. "Abstract 2158: Emerging epidemiological cancer trends among West African adults in Zaria, Nigeria (1972 to 2022)." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (2024): 2158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-2158.
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Abstract Cancer incidence and mortality rates in Africa are increasing, with sub-Saharan Africa reporting 2.7-fold higher fatality than global averages. The incidence of cancer in Africa in 2020 was about 1.1 million new cases, with 711,000 deaths, indicating a mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) of 0.64. These cancer challenges in Africa necessitate a concerted approach towards effective cancer control and management. Here, we present an extensive report of emerging epidemiological cancer trends among West African adults seen between 1972-2022 in Zaria, Nigeria. We used the Zaria cancer registry of the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) Zaria, Nigeria to obtain information on histologically diagnosed cancers from January 1st, 1972 to December 31, 2022. Records in the Zaria registry are indexed into a register paper-based and 2008 and transferred by CanReg4 software on the computer. We used WHO classification of tumors (WHO Blue Book) 5th edition to classify all the abstracted cancers for the purpose of this study. Time-trend analyses were performed by utilizing linear regression models. In the analysis of the Zaria cancer registry, 12,114 adults (42.2% male, 57.8% female) were diagnosed with histologically confirmed cancer between 1972 - 2022. The most common diagnosis among male cancer patients was prostate cancer, comprising a quarter of all cases. The median age of diagnosis for prostate cancer was 65 years, with an interquartile range (IQR) of 60 and 70. Among female cancer patients, the most common diagnoses were cervical cancer and breast cancer, together comprising 68.2% of all cases. Median age at diagnosis were 45 (IQR, 40-56) and 42 (IQR, 35-50), respectively. In time-trend analyses, the total number of new cancer cases diagnosed at ABUTH from 1972 to 2022 increased over time (p&lt;0.001). In the analyses of individual cancers, those in which the number of new cases increased over time were neoplasms of the bones and joints, breast, cervix, prostate, colorectum and stomach, head and neck (p&lt;0.001); esophagus (p=0.006); eye and orbit and soft tissue (p=0.002); and ovary (p=0.005). Cancers in which the number of new cases decreased over time were Hodgkin lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, melanoma of the skin, and non-melanoma cancer of the skin (p&lt;0.001). The number of new adult cancer diagnoses recorded in the Zaria cancer registry have increased over time from 1972 to 2022. Prostate cancer accounted for a quarter of all cancer cases among males, whereas cervical cancer and breast cancer accounted for nearly 70% of all cases among females. Westernization with associated change in dietary habits, physical inactivity, obesity and reproductive behaviors and changes in the population size and life expectancy may be attributable factors to change in cancer in Zaria. Better understanding of these factors will inform cancer prevention and control strategies. Citation Format: Faruk Mohammed, David J. Lee, Katy Graef, Abdulmumini Hassan Rafindadi, Sani Ibrahim, Sirajo Mohammed Aminu, Ahmed Adamu, Adamu Abdullahi, Aishatu Maude Suleiman, Abdullahi Mohammed, John Idoko, Abdulkadir Lawal Rafindadi, Danladi Amodu Ameh, Bello Ahmad Kumo, Ahmad Bello, Abdullahi Jubril Randawa, Oguntayo Olanrewaju Adekunle, Usman Mohammed Aminu, Muhammad Manko, Olasinde Tajudeen Tajudeen, Lazarus M. Yusufu, Mohammed Dauda Maigatari, Lawal Khalid, Dahiru Ismail, Aliyu Ahmed Babadoko, Ahmed Tijjani Lawal, Abdullahi Alfa Mohammed, Yahaya Ukwenya, Ahmed Mai, Maitama Yusuf Hussaini, Anisah Yahaya, Caitlin Bishop, Jennifer Dent, Timothy R. Rebbeck, Yawale Iliyasu. Emerging epidemiological cancer trends among West African adults in Zaria, Nigeria (1972 to 2022) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2158.
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Turner, David P., Bradley A. Krisanits, Marvella E. Ford, et al. "Abstract 3409: AGEing and lifestyle after a cancer diagnosis: A balanced equilibrium for survivorship." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (2024): 3409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-3409.
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Abstract In the US, over 18 million people are living with a cancer diagnosis and that number may double by 2050. There is a need to unite research across the cancer continuum to address the needs of cancer survivors to ensure optimal quality of life and improve mortality outcomes. Health constructs that influence cancer survivorship are multifactorial, highly dynamic, and vary across the lifespan. This makes assigning their impact on the well-being and future outcomes of cancer survivors challenging. As a pathophysiological process that lies at the intersection between societal, environmental, and biological constructs, it is proposed that the irreversible accumulation of metabolites called advanced glycation end products (AGEs) can inform on quality of life and mortality outcomes for cancer survivors. It is proposed that AGE accumulation as a result of societal, environmental, and biological constructs overwhelm the fragile equilibrium that maintains AGE homoeostasis to impact tumor biology and cancer outcomes. The relationships between health constructs and AGE exposure are epitomized by nutritional behavior. The consumption of cheaper unhealthier often ultra-processed foods are inherently AGE laden and the excessive consumption of foods high in fats and sugars that promote obesity and increase cancer risk readily provide reactive intermediates that fuel AGE formation in cells and tissues. Our collaborative epidemiological studies assign high levels of AGE consumption with increased breast cancer risk, aggressiveness, and mortality, which is supported by translational studies showing that circulating AGE levels in breast cancer patients correlate with worse disease-free survival and other poor prognosis indicators. Critically, this group has also shown that chronic AGE consumption by mice increases prostate tumor growth (p&lt;0.001), and causes a rapid progression through prostate intra-epithelial neoplasia (p=0.049), adenocarcinoma (p=0.042) and metastasis (p=0.001). Consumption of the high AGE diet caused a regulatory program of stromal activation conducive for tumor growth. As a bio-social determinant of health AGE accumulation and its pathogenic effects serve as informative and/or functional markers indicative of the current health status and well-being of cancer survivors and may inform of potential future outcomes. Our studies show that physical activity and dietary intervention (cardiac rehabilitation) reduced systemic AGE levels in breast cancer survivors. Therefore, prevention and control interventions aimed at reducing AGE exposure represent viable strategies for improving quality of life and disease recurrence for cancer survivors. This research was made possible in part by Grant Numbers R01-CA259415, R01-CA245143, R21-CA194469, and U54-CA210962 from NIH-NCI. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of NIH. Citation Format: David P. Turner, Bradley A. Krisanits, Marvella E. Ford, Lindsay L. Peterson, Susan E. Steck, Paula D. Bos, Victoria J. Findlay. AGEing and lifestyle after a cancer diagnosis: A balanced equilibrium for survivorship [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 3409.
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Arowolo, Olatunbosun, Victoria Salemme, and Alexander Suvorov. "Towards Whole Health Toxicology: In-Silico Prediction of Diseases Sensitive to Multi-Chemical Exposures." Toxics 10, no. 12 (2022): 764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10120764.
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Chemical exposures from diverse sources merge on a limited number of molecular pathways described as toxicity pathways. Changes in the same set of molecular pathways in different cell and tissue types may generate seemingly unrelated health conditions. Today, no approaches are available to predict in an unbiased way sensitivities of different disease states and their combinations to multi-chemical exposures across the exposome. We propose an inductive in-silico workflow where sensitivities of genes to chemical exposures are identified based on the overlap of existing genomic datasets, and data on sensitivities of individual genes is further used to sequentially derive predictions on sensitivities of molecular pathways, disease states, and groups of disease states (syndromes). Our analysis predicts that conditions representing the most significant public health problems are among the most sensitive to cumulative chemical exposures. These conditions include six leading types of cancer in the world (prostatic, breast, stomach, lung, colorectal neoplasms, and hepatocellular carcinoma), obesity, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, autistic disorder, Alzheimer’s disease, hypertension, heart failure, brain and myocardial ischemia, and myocardial infarction. Overall, our predictions suggest that environmental risk factors may be underestimated for the most significant public health problems.
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Laura, Valcante Barros, Júlia Zorzin Silva Ana, Luísa Soares de Andrade Melo Ana, Magalhães Queiroz Ferreira Bianca, and Maria Pereira Cynara. "Fatores ambientais e comportamentais envolvidos com a gênese do câncer de mama: uma revisão integrativa." Revista Ciência Live 2, no. 1 (2025): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15021697.
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ntroduction: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common neoplasms worldwide, with genetic, environmental,and behavioral factors contributing to its incidence. Methodology: This study aimed to analyze the mainenvironmental and behavioral factors involved in BC genesis using an Integrative Literature Review (ILR). Thismethodology allowed for the search, critical evaluation, and synthesis of multiple studies on the topic. The researchwas conducted in recognized databases such as BVS, SciELO, and PubMed, using specific descriptors. A total of5,739 articles were analyzed, of which 22 were selected for in­depth analysis, resulting in the final inclusion of 11relevant studies. The inclusion criteria encompassed studies investigating environmental, behavioral, andoccupational factors related to BC, while the exclusion criteria eliminated research focusing solely on clinicalaspects or lacking a clear methodology. Results and Discussion: The results highlighted that behavioral factorssuch as obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, inadequate diet, physical inactivity, night shift work, and prolongeduse of contraceptives significantly increase the risk of BC. From an environmental perspective, exposure topollutants, heavy metals, chemicals, and poor air and soil quality were also associated with disease development.Conclusion: The review concludes that most BC risk factors are modifiable, reinforcing the need for lifestylechanges and public policies aimed at prevention. Additional studies are essential to deepen these associations andstrengthen disease control strategies
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Szeliga, Anna, Aleksandra Pralat, Wiktoria Witczak, et al. "CHEK2 Mutation in Patient with Multiple Endocrine Glands Tumors. Case Report." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12 (2020): 4397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124397.
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Background: Many studies show the occurrence of several multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes caused by different mutations, for example, in MEN1 and RET genes. Nevertheless, there are less common mutations causing multiple endocrine glands tumors. Examples of such mutations are CHEK2 gene mutations, causing breast, kidney, gastric, colorectal, prostate, lung, ovarian, and thyroid cancers. Case description: In 2005, a 30-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital due to uncontrolled hypertension and obesity. Performed tests have shown ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)—independent micronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH) as a cause. In 2010, the further diagnostic analysis revealed Cushing’s disease caused by ACTH-secreting pituitary microadenoma. Additionally, in 2011, the patient underwent the strumectomy of multinodular struma. Papillary thyroid carcinoma was found in the excised tissue. In 2018, transvaginal ultrasonography revealed a tumor of the right ovary. After a performed hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, the histopathology result has shown female adnexal tumors of probable Wolffian origin (FATWO) located in the broad ligament of the uterus. Due to the history of multiglandular diseases, the patient was referred to genetic testing. We found a positive pathogenic mutation in CHEK2-suppressor gene involved in DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Conclusion: CHEK2 variants may predispose to a range of endocrine glands tumors, including those identified in our patient. Multiple endocrine glands tumors, as in the presented patient, are a serious problem of public health, due to numerous hospitalizations and necessary repeated surgical treatments. Moreover, the association between CHEK2 and ovarian cancer can be a serious problem with reproductive health.
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Т., Ф. Татарчук, Д. Дейнюк К., В. Занько О., І. Юско Т., and О. Тарнопольська В. "Vitamin D-deficiency states in the genesis of woman reproductive health disorders." Reproductive Endocrinology, no. 41 (June 15, 2018): 84–94. https://doi.org/10.18370/2309-4117.2018.41.84-94.
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Thanks to the continuous scientific and creative search for researchers over the past almost hundred years, vitamin D preparations are finding increasing uses, from classical prevention of rickets and osteomalacia to the prevention of malignant neoplasms and mental illnesses. The article discusses the use of vitamin D in the genesis of women reproductive health disorders, as well as its impact on the condition of women in different periods - childhood, the age of menarche and adolescence, the reproductive age and the menopause. The influence of vitamin D deficiency on a number of diseases, in particular, inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, breast pathology, hyperproliferative diseases is considered in detail. The results of authors’ study, which confirms the normalization of vitamin D levels in patients who received the drug containing cholecalciferol, are indicative of its effectiveness in correcting vitamin D deficiency. As the authors of the article emphasize, encouraging patients to use preparations containing vitamin D and annual testing for D-status detection has the potential to become a modern method of preventing uterine fibroids, endometrial and breast cancer, obesity, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Nutritional supplements and medicines containing cholecalciferol, which is the least toxic fat-soluble vitamin, with regular intake reduce the risk of progression of metabolic disorders in PCOS, promote the proper formation of pelvic bones in girls, prevent the development of postpartum depression and slow the aging and cognitive decline with age, quality of life in general. It is advisable to test for vitamin D (25(OH)D3) serum levels in a number of population categories, in particular, for women planning pregnancy, pregnant women and women with hyperproliferative diseases. When vitamin D deficiency is detected, it is necessary to use preparations containing cholecalciferol, with dosage depending on body weight and vitamin D content in the blood serum.
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Dimovska, Mirjana, Mirjana Borota-Popovska, Marija Topuzovska-Latkovikj, and Svetlana Pavleska-Kuzmanoska. "Some Aspects of Women’s Health in Republic of Macedonia." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, E (2022): 1759–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.10851.
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INTRODUCTION: Sex and gender "matters" in terms of the health status as well as a result of both biological and gender-related differences.
 AIM: To analyze sex and gender-based differences in North Macedonia through analysis of some aspects of mortality, the knowledge and attitudes related to women’s health.
 METHODS: Analysis of the general and age-standardized mortality patterns and CAPI (Computer-assisted personal interview) composed on different topics including women's health for the period 2017-2020 were used.
 RESULTS: Age-standardized mortality rates (all-causes of death, circulatory and respiratory diseases and neoplasms) are prevalent and higher in the male population in North Macedonia. A significantly higher all-cause mortality trend for both sexes was found in 2020 making this year hardly comparable with the previous years. A decreasing trend of malignant neoplasms rate of female genital organs and an increasing trend of breast cancer mortality is observed.
 The majority of the respondents (50.6%) rated their current health status as excellent with a statistically significant difference between the age and ethnical groups. One-third of the respondents reported regular physical activity, mostly on a daily basis. The majority (39.3%) are overweight and 27.5% belongs to the obesity class I without a significant difference in terms of ethnicity.
 Respondents (27%), reported that have high blood pressure, 20.2% vaginal infections, 19.9% allergies, heart issues 15.1%, anemia 11.7%, while diabetes and cancer 8.5% and 2.5% respectively. The youngest and oldest age group of Albanian women are the least informed about the early detection procedures of malignant compared to Macedonian women and other ethnic groups.
 CONCLUSIONS: Analyzing some aspects of women's health in North Macedonia through the mortality, knowledge and attitudes of Macedonian women, we provide some further evidence for the development and implementation of targeted interventions and policies aimed to reduce the sex and gender-based health inequalities in the country.
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Barros, Mariana Boulitreau Siqueira Campos, Iris Nayara da Conceição Souza Interaminense, Magaly Bushatsky, Pollyana Gomes Rosendo, João Esberard Beltrão Neto, and Antônio Simão Dos Santos Figueira Filho. "Male breast neoplasms: studies of case in two specialized services from the Recife, Brazil." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 5, no. 4 (2011): 951. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/reuol.1302-9310-1-le.0504201114.
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ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the relevant aspects of patients with male breast cancer. Method: this is a study of case series, cross-sectional quantitative, descriptive and retrospective, based on the analysis of records in two specialized services in the city of Recife, from August 1989 to August 2008. Approved by the Research Ethics Committee in Oswaldo Cruz Hospital under the protocol: 86/2008. Results: 17 records of confirmed cases was researched. The average age of the patients studied was 63 years old, with 11 cases in stage II (64.7%). The main complaint was found in 10 men (58.82%) who reported the presence of painless lumps. Between the perception of changes in the breast and the demand to a specialized care, the average time was 7 months. The risk factors surveyed were estrogen therapy, obesity, gynecomastia and family history. Conclusion: the study found the necessity of alerting the population, the scientific community and the public agencies for early diagnosis, in order to implement actions focused on human health. Descriptors: breast neoplasms; male; risk factors; case studies; men´s health.RESUMOObjetivo: analisar aspectos relevantes de pacientes com câncer de mama masculino. Método: trata-se de um estudo tipo série de casos, transversal quantitativo, descritivo e retrospectivo, a partir de análise de prontuários, em dois serviços especializados da cidade do Recife, no período de agosto de 1989 a agosto de 2008. Aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz sob o protocolo Nº 86/2008. Resultados: foram pesquisados 17 prontuários de casos confirmados. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 63 anos, estando 11 casos no estádio II (64,7%). Como queixa principal, 10 homens (58,82%) relataram a presença de nódulo indolor. O tempo médio, entre a percepção de alterações na mama e a procura de atendimento especializado, foi de sete meses. Os fatores de risco levantados foram estrogenoterapia, obesidade, ginecomastia e histórico familiar. Conclusão: o estudo evidenciou a necessidade de alertar a população, comunidade científica e órgãos públicos para o diagnóstico precoce, a fim de poder implementar, em tempo, políticas públicas voltadas à saúde do homem. Descritores: câncer de mama; masculino; fatores de risco; estudo de casos; saúde do homem. RESUMENObjetivo: analizar aspectos relevantes en pacientes con cáncer de mama masculino. Método: se trata de un estudio tipo serie de casos, transversal, cuantitativo, descriptivo y retrospectivo, a partir de un análisis de los registros médicos, en dos servicios especializados de la ciudad de Recife, desde agosto de 1989 hasta agosto de 2008. Aprobado por el Comité de Ética del Hospital Oswaldo Cruz, bajo Protocolo 86/2008. Resultados: se investigó 17 casos de registros médicos sobre casos confirmados. La edad media de los pacientes era de 63 años, con 11 casos en la fase II (el 64,7%). Diez hombres (el 58,82%) informaron como queja principal la presencia de nódulo indoloro. El tiempo medio entre la percepción de alteraciones en la mama y la búsqueda de la atención especializada fue de sete meses. Los factores de riesgo detectados fueron la terapia con estrógenos, la obesidad, la ginecomastia y los antecedentes familiares. Conclusión: el estudio demostró la necesidad de alertar a la población, a la comunidad científica y a los órganos públicos sobre la necesidad de un diagnóstico precoz, con el fin de poder implementar a tiempo las políticas públicas dirigidas a la salud del hombre. Descriptores: cáncer de mama; masculino; factores de riesgo; estudio de casos; salud del hombre.
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Moura, F., S. Brito, D. Amaral Mota, et al. "AB1543-HPR WAITING ROOM PROJECT: IMPROVING HEALTHCARE OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS PATIENTS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (2022): 1873.2–1873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.4165.
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BackgroundSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) prognosis is determined by a wide range of factors, such as the severity of the disease manifestations, the psychosocial aspects of patients, the proper management of comorbidities, adoption of a healthy lifestyle and adherence to treatment. Studies on chronic diseases highlight the value of patient education to foster treatment adherence and improve prognosis.ObjectivesTo promote health education to SLE patients and their families providing accessible and comprehensive scientific information, in order to improve adherence to treatment and the patient’s prognosis.MethodsThe Waiting Room Project is linked to the Extension Health Care Program for SLE patients and their families of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil, since 2011. A total of 700 patients under SLE treatment at the Rheumatology Unit of the University Hospital are involved. Medical students and rheumatology fellows, altogether, developed high-quality informative texts, with clear content and layman language appropriate for the patient, under the supervision of the rheumatology professors. The texts are illustrated by the team of the Communication Department of the Medical School and medical students, and are printed in a leaflet format. The material is handed out to the patients, while they wait for their medical appointment, by the students and the care team. The content of the leaflets is discussed, making sure that all the concerns and doubts are properly addressedResultsThe Waiting Room Project has produced 17 leaflets, addressing different aspects of SLE, comorbidities, and treatment. The texts approach the traditional cardiovascular risk factors (Smoking, Arterial Hypertension, Diabetes, Obesity, Physical Activity), and some medical conditions related to general health and SLE treatment (Sun Protection, Healthy Food, Oral Care, Vaccination, Pregnancy, Osteoporosis). In 2020 and 2021, two leaflets about Covid-19 were produced in order to clarify important aspects of this disease, its impact on lupus patients and to solve questions about SLE medications: one regarding the association between Lupus and Covid-19 and another about the treatment of lupus and Covid-19. Other four leaflets were produced concerning SLE treatment, including Adherence to Treatment, the use of Antimalarials, Corticosteroids, and Immunosuppressants. Information about the drugs, general importance on lupus treatment, recommendations and possible adverse events were described. Futhermore, additional content is currently in production with themes such as Intravenous Corticosteroid and Cyclophosphamide, Human Papillomavirus Infection, Malignant Neoplasm, and specific cancers frequently affecting women, such as Colorectal Cancer, Cervical Cancer, and Breast Cancer. The leaflets are also available online on the Medical School website in Portuguese and in English (medicina.ufmg.br/alo/material-didatico/), on the Minas Gerais Rheumatology Society website (reumatologia.org.br/orientacoes-ao-paciente/), and on the Instagram page @lupusufmgConclusionThe leaflets have been an important source of information and health education for SLE patients and their families, improving student/physician-patient communication. Despite the adversities caused by the coronavirus pandemic, the Waiting Room Project has kept its purpose to make each patient with SLE an agent of their healthcare. Improving the patients’ access to evidence-based information must be a goal of healthcare professionals that treat patients with SLEReferences[1]Koehn CL, Esdaile JM. Patient education and self-management of musculoskeletal diseases. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2008; 22: 395-405.[2]Navarra SV, Zamora LD, Collante MaTM. Lupus education for physicians and patients in a resource-limited setting. Clinical Rheumatol. 2019; 39:697–702.[3]Zhang L, Luan W, Geng S, et al. Lack of patient education is risk factor of disease flare in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in China. BMC Health Serv Res. 2019; 19: 378.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared