Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Object oriented comparison (OOC)'

[Abstract]: The disposal of animal waste has become a problem in many parts of the world due to the rapid growth in the number and the size of intensive animal industries. Safe waste disposal sites are rarely available and the relocation and/or treatment of animal waste is seldom economically viable. The reuse of animal waste for energy recovery and re-feeding is also not popular. Animal waste is a valuable source of plant nutrients and a very good soil conditioner, and has been commonly applied as fertiliser to agricultural fields. However, due to the increasing oversupply of animal waste in recent years, it has often been applied in excess to the agricultural fields. Excessive application of animal waste, without due consideration of its implications, is a serious concern. The run-off and leaching losses of nutrients from the fields fertilised with animal waste have contributed significantly to the eutrophication and toxic blue-green algae blooms in surface water systems and nitrification of ground water systems. It has also led to nutrient imbalances in the soils and odour pollution to the surrounding communities. The animal waste, which is a valuable source of plant nutrients, has thus become both an economic and environmental burden, and there is a need to develop a strategy for its sensible use as a fertiliser in agricultural fields. Sensible use of animal waste involves the consideration of all the agricultural, environmental, social, and economical limitations. A rational method of achieving this is to restrict the use of animal waste to sites suitable for such uses, identify areas where it can be relocated and applied economically, limit the application rates to a safe level, and observe appropriate manure management practices. This study addressed each of these components by developing a comprehensive manure application plan (MAP) for the site-specific use of animal waste as fertiliser in agricultural fields. Various geographic information systems (GIS) based techniques, including a weighted linear combination model and map algebra based cartographic modelling, were employed to achieve the goal. The appropriateness of the existing techniques and procedures were evaluated and modified to meet the current input requirements. New methods of analysis were devised as necessary. The Westbrook sub-catchment of the Condamine River catchment in south-east Queensland was selected as the study area. The sub-catchment covers 24,903 hectares and contains 39 intensive animal industries. The catchment is also a part of the Murray-Darling Basin, which has been suffering from toxic blue green algae blooms recurrently since 1991. This study identified that only about one-fifth of the sub-catchment area is suitable for animal waste application. Depending on the method of site suitability analysis and the number of input factors used the suitable area ranged between 16 and 22 percent. This comparatively small area is mainly due to the presence of a large proportion of non-agricultural areas in the sub-catchment. The suitable areas were also found to have various degrees of suitability for waste application. However, the degree of site suitability was affected by the number of input factors used in the analysis, the weighting of the factors, and the method of factor attribute standardisation. Conventional methods of weighting input factors were found to be cumbersome and not particularly suitable. Hence, this study developed a new ‘objective oriented comparison’ method of factor weighting. Standardisation of input factors using a continuous, rather than discrete, classification (ie fuzzy set) method was found to be more consistent in degree of suitability determination. The discrete classification of factor attributes into classes of different numbers and sizes, and the weighting of classes to a sum of one, were identified as a limitation in using this standardisation method. A new ‘weight adjustment’ method was devised and demonstrated to reduce factor-weighting biases. The suitable sites, degree of site suitability, and other relevant spatial and non-spatial information were processed within a GIS framework to develop a comprehensive manure application plan. The inherently high presence of available phosphorus in the soils of the study area was recognised and the P2O5 content in the manure was used as the basis for determining manure application rates. A complimentary nitrogen supply map was also generated. Manure management practices applicable to the areas with a lower degree of suitability were also suggested.

Object oriented databases have been gaining popularity over the years. Their ease of use and the advantages that they offer over relational databases have made them a popular choice amongst database administrators. Their use in previous years was restricted to business and administrative applications, but improvements in technology and the emergence of new, data-intensive applications has led to the increase in the use of object databases. This study investigates four Open Source object-oriented databases on their ability to carry out the standard database operations of storing, querying, updating and deleting database objects. Each of these databases will be timed in order to measure which is capable of performing a particular function faster than the other.

COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>Diversas tecnologias de implementação de software são discutidas na literatura. Duas dessas tecnologias são a orientação a objetos, que se encontra consolidada, e a orientação a agentes, que vem sendo objeto de muitos estudos e experimentos. Esses estudos indicam a orientação a agentes como muito promissora e como uma evolução da orientação a objetos. No entanto, há poucos trabalhos comparando essas duas técnicas e os poucos trabalhos se baseiam em comparações ideológicas e qualitativas. Essa dissertação tem por objetivo desenvolver e avaliar modos sistemáticos de avaliação de duas arquiteturas de implementação de sistemas. As duas tecnologias apresentadas foram comparadas e foi determinado se a utilização de uma tecnologia trouxe benefícios, desvantagens ou foi indiferente face à outra. A comparação foi realizada tomando por base um problema real, ou seja, foram criadas duas implementações que solucionam o problema de modo similar cada uma usando uma tecnologia. Para o desenvolvimento desse trabalho foi criado um plano de medição com base na técnica Goal Question Metric. O plano de medição foi aplicado às duas implementações e resultados obtidos foram avaliados definindo os benefícios de cada técnica. Por fim, foi feita uma crítica da utilização do modelo GQM em um projeto real.<br>There are several software development technologies currently in the literature. Two such technologies are object orientation, which is consolidated, and agent orientation, which has been the subject of many studies and experiments. These studies indicate the agent orientation as very promising and an evolution of object orientation. However, there is only a few studies comparing these two techniques and these studies have been based on ideological and qualitative comparisons. This dissertation aims to develop and evaluate methods of systematic evaluation of two architectures for implementing systems. The two technologies presented were compared and determined whether the use of technology has brought benefits, disadvantages or was indifferent to the other. The comparison was performed based on taking a real problem; in other words, two implementations have been created that address the problem similarly each using a technology. To develop this work, it was created a measurement plan based on the technique Goal Question Metric. The measurement plan was applied to both implementations and results were evaluated by defining the benefits of each technique. Finally was done a discussion about the use of the GQM model in a real project.

There are multiple programming paradigms that have their own set rules forhow code should be written. Programming languages utilize one or multiple ofthese paradigms. In this thesis, we will compare object-oriented programming,that is the most used today with languages such as C++ and Java, and functionalprogramming. Functional programming was introduced in the 1950's butsuered from performance issues, and has not been used much except for in theacademic world. However, for its ability to handle concurrency and big data,functional programming is of interest in the industry again with languages suchas Scala. In functional programming side effects, any interaction outside of thefunction, are avoided as well as changing and saving state. To compare these paradigms we have chosen four dierent algorithms, whichboth of us have implemented twice, once according to object-oriented programmingand once according to functional programming. All algorithms were implementedJavaScript. JavaScript is a multiparadigm language that supportsboth functional and object-oriented programming. For all implementations,we have measured development time, lines of code, execution time and memoryusage. Our results show that object-oriented programming gave us betterperformance, but functional programming resulted in less code and a shorterdevelopment time.

Performance is something that is always of concern when developing real-time 3D graphics applications. The way programs are made today with object-oriented programming has certain flaws that are rooted in the methodology itself. By exploring different programming paradigms we can eliminate some of these issues and find what is best for programming in different areas. Because real-time 3D applications need high performance the data-oriented design paradigm that makes the data the center of the application is experimented with. By using data-oriented design we can eliminate certain issues with object-oriented programming and deliver improved applications when it comes to performance, flexibility, and architecture. In this study, an experiment creating the same type of program with the help of different programming paradigms is made to compare the performance of the two. Some additional up- and downsides of the paradigms are also mentioned<br><p>Det finns övrigt digitalt material (t.ex. film-, bild- eller ljudfiler) eller modeller/artefakter tillhörande examensarbetet som ska skickas till arkivet.</p>

<p>New software tools and methodologies make claims that managers often believe intuitively without evidence. Many unsupported claims have been made about object-oriented programming. However, without rigorous scientific evidence, it is impossible to accept these claims as valid. Although experimentation has been done in the past, most of the research is very recent and the most relevant research has serious drawbacks. This study attempts to empirically verify the claim that object-oriented languages produce programs that are more easily maintained than those programmed with procedural languages. Measurements of subjects performing maintenance tasks onto two identical programs, one object-oriented and the other procedure-oriented show the object-oriented version to be more maintainable.<br>Master of Science

This paper aims to address what is a suitable programming paradigm for real-time crowd rendering from a performance standpoint, with smartphones as the target platform. Among the most prominent and intuitive programming paradigms is the object-oriented (OO) one, with data-oriented designs be- coming more common in recent years. In this paper, Unity’s GameObject approach built on an object-oriented foundation is compared with their DOTS system using GPU instancing, arranging different test scenarios later built using Xcode on an iPhone 6S and an iPhone XR. The results from the different scenarios and builds are represented through multiple graphs focusing on the obtained frame rate, CPU usage and GPU usage. The DOTS system proved to outperform the object- oriented system in six out of eight scenarios with the iPhone XR yielding better performance. With DOTS currently being under development, several acceleration and enhancement techniques are yet to be integrated such as culling or LoD, which currently can be used by its counterpart. The OO sys- tem is more robust with variation whereas the DOTS system is better suited when the number of characters increases.<br>Denna rapport ämnar sig att ta itu med vad som är lämplig programmeringparadigm för att rendera folkmassor i realtid ur ett prestandaperspektiv, med smartphones som målplattform. Bland de mest framstående och intuitiva programmeringsparadigmerna finns den objekt-orienterade (OO), men under de senaste åren har data-orienterad design blivit allt mer vanlig. I den här rapporten jämförs Unity’s Game Object-strategi som bygger på en objekt-orienterad grund med deras DOTS-system med GPU-instansiering genom olika arrangerade testscenarier byggda med Xcode på en iPhone 6S och en iPhone XR. Resultaten från olika scenarier representeras genom flera diagram med fokus på den erhållna bildhastigheten, CPU-användningen och GPU-användningen. DOTS-systemet visade sig överträda det objekt-orienterade systemet i sex av åtta scenarier med iPhone XR som den bättre presterande smartphonen. Med DOTS förnärvarande under utveckling, saknas ännu flera förbättringstekniker som ännu inte ska integreras, såsom culling eller LoD, som för närvarande kan användas av dess motsvarighet. OO-systemet är mer robust med variation medan DOTS-systemet passar bättre när antalet karaktärer ökar.

This thesis presents the theoretical description of relational and object-oriented databases, including the underlying basic concepts. The paper briefly describes the specific database systems according to various categories. Work tries to look at all the facts in general terms therefore does part of it explain other database principles. On the example of a small library the paper displays the strengths and weaknesses of both principles. Later the paper describes more thoroughly the Caché database system, which can be addressed by both principles. The difference between object and relational approach is then shown in this environment. The goal is therefore to provide side information about the various principles, define the differences in categories and then show the problems on a practical example. Further clarify the specific database system and try to demonstrate the previously defined categories in this environment. One's own contribution to the treated subject can be found in different approaches of the specific models, the comparison of the two approaches on particular examples, the examination of the selected database system and conducting a comparison of the principles in the Caché environment.

碩士<br>淡江大學<br>資訊管理學系<br>85<br>There are two major classification of system analysis: structured analysisand objected-oriented analysis. Each methodology has its advantages and disadvantages. Integrated methodology model was suggested in some studies, however, there are few empirical studies about comparison with the two methodologies. Therefore, our study use Laboratory Experiment to make comparison of two system analysis methodology. The two major purposes of this study are : (1) which is better on learning performance ? (2) which is better on system requirement representation effectiveness? Result of this experiment indicate that structured analysis is easier to achieve syntactical consistent on the learning performance, and there''s no difference between two methodology. On the requirement representation performance, structured analysis is better than object-oriented analysis, especially on the semantic completeness of modeling. This research result could provide principles of course designing of system analysis and system design. For novice, structured analysis is easy to learn completely. In addition, it could provide suggestion for analyst in practice when selecting system analysis tool. For tool selection , the structured analysis is still better maturely and completely, and is easier to present semantic completely.

碩士<br>臺灣大學<br>資訊工程學研究所<br>91<br>The increasing popularity of embedded systems and wireless communication device drives the need for low power design. Software has become one of the critical roles of these systems. In the past low power software design only focused on the optimization of C program, however, Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) provides significant improvement for programs writing and generality. But power analysis of object-oriented programming style has not yet been explored deeply. In this thesis, we propose a way to compute the energy cost of OOP. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the power analysis of OOP style. From the experimental results, C++ can save power dissipation up to 5.12% and 17.18% of execution time compared with the C language. This analysis can be used to guide the selecting low power software for embedded systems.

M.A.<br>The dissertation topic is the comparison of pixel-based and object-oriented image analysis approaches for camouflaged object detection research. A camouflage field trial experiment was conducted during 2004. For the experiment, 11 military vehicles were deployed along a tree line and in an open field. A subset of the vehicles was deployed with a variety of experimental camouflage nets and a final subset was left uncovered. The reason for deploying the camouflaged objects in the open without the use of camouflage principals was to create a baseline for future measurements. During the next experimental deployment, the camouflaged targets will be deployed according to camouflage principals. It must be emphasised that this is an experimental deployment and not an operational deployment. Unobstructed entity panels were also deployed and served as calibration entities. During the trial, both airborne (colour aerial photography) and space borne (multi-spectral QuickBird) imagery were acquired over the trial sites, and extensive calibration and ground truthing activities were conducted in support of these acquisitions. This study further describes the processing that was done after acquisition of the datasets. The goal is to determine which classification techniques are the most effective in the detection of camouflaged objects. This will also show how well or poor the SANDF camouflage nets and paint potentially perform against air and space based sensors on the one hand and classification techniques on the other. Using this information, DPSS can identify the nets and paints that need to be investigated for future enhancements (e.g. colour selection, colour combinations, base material, camouflage patterns, entity shapes, entity textures, etc.). The classification techniques to be used against SANDF camouflaged objects will also give an indication of their performance against camouflaged advesarial forces in the future.

碩士<br>國立中山大學<br>資訊管理學系研究所<br>98<br>Since the Software Engineering Institute published the Capability Maturity Method Integration (CMMI) in 2003, many software firms have implemented it to enhance its software quality assurance and international collaboration. Analysis and design phases are two important phases for the software development. The artifacts of these two phases mainly represented using the structured technique or the object-oriented technique. This study proposed a methodology which provides guidelines to compare the artifacts of these two techniques for an embedded system. The research methodology is articulated using the design science research methodology. A usability valuation with a real-world embedded system case is performed to demonstrate its applicability. The results provide evidences to enhance our understanding about the strength and weakness of these two nalysis and design techniques.

The way in which application systems and software are built has changed dramatically over the past few years. This is mainly due to advances in hardware technology, programming languages, as well as the requirement to build better software application systems in less time. The importance of mondial (worldwide) communication between systems is also growing exponentially. People are using network-based applications daily, communicating not only locally, but also globally. The Internet, the global network, therefore plays a significant role in the development of new software. Distributed object computing is one of the computing paradigms that promise to solve the need to develop clienVserver application systems, communicating over heterogeneous environments. This study, of limited scope, concentrates on one crucial element without which distributed object computing cannot be implemented. This element is the communication software, also called middleware, which allows objects situated on different hardware platforms to communicate over a network. Two of the most important middleware standards for distributed object computing today are the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) from the Object Management Group, and the Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM) from Microsoft Corporation. Each of these standards is implemented in commercially available products, allowing distributed objects to communicate over heterogeneous networks. In studying each of the middleware standards, a formal way of comparing CORBA and DCOM is presented, namely meta-modelling. For each of these two distributed object infrastructures (middleware), meta-models are constructed. Based on this uniform and unbiased approach, a comparison of the two distributed object infrastructures is then performed. The results are given as a set of tables in which the differences and similarities of each distributed object infrastructure are exhibited. By adopting this approach, errors caused by misunderstanding or misinterpretation are minimised. Consequently, an accurate and unbiased comparison between CORBA and DCOM is made possible, which constitutes the main aim of this dissertation.<br>Computing<br>M. Sc. (Computer Science)

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies<br>Updated spatial information on the dynamics of slums can be helpful to measure and evaluate the progress of urban upgrading projects and policies. Earlier studies have shown that remote sensing techniques, with the help of very-high resolution imagery, can play a significant role in detecting slums, and providing timely spatial information. The main objective of this thesis is to develop a reliable object-oriented slum identification technique that enables the provision of timely spatial information about slum settlements in Addis Ababa city. It compares the one-class support vector machines algorithm with the expert defined classification rule set in the discrimination of slums, using GeoEye-1 imagery. Two different approaches, called manual and automatic fine-tuning, were deployed to determine the best value of parameters in one-class support vector machines algorithm. The manual fine-tuning of the parameters is done using extensive manual trial. The automatic tuning is done using cross-validation grid search with the overall accuracy as the performance metric. Two regions of study were defined with different landscape compositions, providing different classification scenarios to compare the classification approaches. After image segmentation, twenty predictive variables were computed to characterize the objects in both study areas. An image analyst collected one hundred sample objects of a slum to be used as training for the single-class learner. In parallel, an image analyst has defined a hierarchical rule set to discriminate the class of interest. Results in both study areas indicate that the one-class support vector machine with manual tuning yields higher overall accuracy (97.7% in subset 1, and 92% in subset 2) and requiring much less application effort and computing time than the expert system.

A Pipeline Analytical Program and Dredging Knowledge{Base Expert{System (DKBES) determines a pipeline dredge's production and resulting cost and schedule. Pipeline dredge engineering presents a complex and dynamic process necessary to maintain navigable waterways. Dredge engineers use pipeline engineering and slurry transport principles to determine the production rate of a pipeline dredge system. Engineers then use cost engineering factors to determine the expense of the dredge project. Previous work in engineering incorporated an object{oriented expert{system to determine cost and scheduling of mid{rise building construction where data objects represent the fundamental elements of the construction process within the program execution. A previously developed dredge cost estimating spreadsheet program which uses hydraulic engineering and slurry transport principles determines the performance metrics of a dredge pump and pipeline system. This study focuses on combining hydraulic analysis with the functionality of an expert{system to determine the performance metrics of a dredge pump and pipeline system and its resulting schedule. Field data from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers pipeline dredge, Goetz, and several contract daily dredge reports show how accurately the DKBES can predict pipeline dredge production. Real{time dredge instrumentation data from the Goetz compares the accuracy of the Pipeline Analytical Program to actual dredge operation. Comparison of the Pipeline Analytical Program to pipeline daily dredge reports shows how accurately the Pipeline Analytical Program can predict a dredge project's schedule over several months. Both of these comparisons determine the accuracy and validity of the Pipeline Analytical Program and DKBES as they calculate the performance metrics of the pipeline dredge project. The results of the study determined that the Pipeline Analytical Program compared closely to the Goetz eld data where only pump and pipeline hydraulics a ected the dredge production. Results from the dredge projects determined the Pipeline Analytical Program underestimated actual long{term dredge production. Study results identi ed key similarities and di erences between the DKBES and spreadsheet program in terms of cost and scheduling. The study then draws conclusions based on these ndings and o ers recommendations for further use.