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Books on the topic 'Object representation model (ORM)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Brioni, Simone, and Shirin Ramzanali Fazel. Scrivere di Islam. Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-411-0.

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Scrivere di Islam. Raccontare la diaspora (Writing About Islam. Narrating a Diaspora) is a meditation on our multireligious, multicultural, and multilingual reality. It is the result of a personal and collaborative exploration of the necessity to rethink national culture and identity in a more diverse, inclusive, and anti-racist way. The central part of this volume – both symbolically and physically – includes Shirin Ramzanali Fazel’s reflections on the discrimination of Muslims, and especially Muslim women, in Italy and the UK. Looking at school textbooks, newspapers, TV programs, and sharing

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2

Thomas, Troy. Poussin's Women. Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463721844.

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Poussin’s Women: Sex and Gender in the Artist’s Works examines the paintings and drawings of the well-known seventeenth-century French painter Nicolas Poussin (1594-1665) from a gender studies perspective, focusing on a critical analysis of his representations of women. The book’s thematic chapters investigate Poussin’s women in their roles as predators, as lustful or the objects of lust, as lovers, killers, victims, heroines, or models of virtue. Poussin’s paintings reflect issues of gender within his social situation as he consciously or unconsciously articulated its conflicts and assumption

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Graves, Margaret S. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190695910.003.0001.

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The introduction outlines the art of the object in medieval Islam and introduces several of the book’s key concepts. It aligns architecture and the plastic arts, and shows how points of commonality between these “arts of the third dimension” are drawn allusively in the medieval Islamic context, relying not on direct morphological likeness but on indirect models of representation. It also discusses the implications of miniaturization and draws distinctions between the allusive artworks under discussion and representational objects like architectural maquettes or votive models. The introduction

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4

Gulick, Robert Van. Consciousness and Cognition. Edited by Eric Margolis, Richard Samuels, and Stephen P. Stich. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195309799.013.0002.

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Several concepts used in the area of consciousness and cognition are discussed. There are five distinguished types of creature consciousness. An organism may be said to be conscious is it can sense and perceive its environment and has the capacity to respond appropriately. A second sense of creature consciousness requires not merely the capacity to sense or perceive, but the current active use of those capacities. Another notion of creature consciousness requires that organisms be not only aware but also self-aware. Self-awareness comes in degrees and varies along multiple dimensions. The cons

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5

Rehder, Bob. Concepts as Causal Models. Edited by Michael R. Waldmann. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199399550.013.21.

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This chapter evaluates the case for treating concepts as causal models, the view that people conceive of a categories as consisting of not only features but also the causal relations that link those features. In particular, it reviews the role of causal models in category-based induction. Category-based induction consists of drawing inferences about either objects or categories; in the latter case one generalizes a feature to a category (and thus its members). How causal knowledge influences how categories are formed in the first place—causal-based category discovery—is also examined. Whereas

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6

Austerweil, Joseph L., Samuel J. Gershman, and Thomas L. Griffiths. Structure and Flexibility in Bayesian Models of Cognition. Edited by Jerome R. Busemeyer, Zheng Wang, James T. Townsend, and Ami Eidels. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199957996.013.9.

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Probability theory forms a natural framework for explaining the impressive success of people at solving many difficult inductive problems, such as learning words and categories, inferring the relevant features of objects, and identifying functional relationships. Probabilistic models of cognition use Bayes’s rule to identify probable structures or representations that could have generated a set of observations, whether the observations are sensory input or the output of other psychological processes. In this chapter we address an important question that arises within this framework: How do peo

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7

Jones, Charlotte. Realism, Form, and Representation in the Edwardian Novel. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198857921.001.0001.

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‘The real represents to my perception the things that we cannot possibly not know, sooner or later, in one way or another,’ wrote Henry James in 1907. This description, riven with double negatives, hesitation, and uncertainty, encapsulates the epistemological difficulties of realism, for underlying its narrative and descriptive apparatus as an aesthetic mode lies a philosophical quandary. What grounds the ‘real’ of the realist novel? What kind of perception is required to validate the experience of reality? How does the realist novel represent the difficulty of knowing? What comes to the fore

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Ott, Walter. Malebranche on Sensation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791713.003.0007.

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This chapter introduces the broad outlines of Malebranche’s treatment of perception. Although much changes over the course of Malebranche’s career, the background ontology of sensation remains constant. Pace recent commentators, the chapter argues that Malebranche is not an adverbialist about sensation. Instead, Malebranche follows out the logical implications of Descartes’s substance/mode ontology. As he sees it, sensations can only be modes of minds, with the seemingly unfortunate result that the mind sensing green really is green. What is more to the point, Descartes’s ontology of sensation

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Turner, David M. Picturing Disability in Eighteenth-Century England. Edited by Michael Rembis, Catherine Kudlick, and Kim E. Nielsen. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190234959.013.20.

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The eighteenth century is often seen as a time when disability became increasingly marginalized in visual culture. However, a glimpse beyond the classical tastes of “high” art reveals not a disappearance but a flourishing of representations of physical and sensory difference. Eighteenth-century popular art and satirical prints examined the disabled body not just as a symbol of misfortune or target for medical intervention, but also as a source of pleasure or an object of satire that conveyed wider messages about the times. A rich and varied range of pictorial representations of disability in t

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Dunlop, Katherine. Understanding Non-Conceptual Representation of Objects. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198724957.003.0003.

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This chapter endorses Lucy Allais’s attribution of a non-conceptualist view to Kant and her methodology of appealing to contemporary cognitive science. In particular, it agrees with Allais that intuition should be understood as the result of cognitive processing (rather than as brutely given). But the chapter argues that Allais’s choice of ‘binding’ as an empirical model (for the generation of intuition) is not apt, proposing instead that the processing that generates intuition should be taken to implement empirically-identified ‘principles of object perception’. It is argued that representati

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11

Barreto, Cristiana. Figurine Traditions from the Amazon. Edited by Timothy Insoll. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675616.013.020.

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Stone and ceramic figurines occurred in many pre-Columbian cultures of Amazonia but only appear as recurrent, traditional objects late in the cultural history of the region, primarily in the large settlements which flourished along the Lower Amazon and its estuaries. Marajoara and Santarém ceramics include an array of figurines depicting humans and animals, in languages emphasizing body transformation and reproduction, and, sometimes, decapitation. Some also performed as rattles, or maracas, an instrument traditionally related to shamanic power. Stone figurines from the Lower Amazon present si

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Lorino, Philippe. Pragmatism and Organization Studies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198753216.001.0001.

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The development of pragmatist thought (Peirce, James, Dewey, and Mead) in the first half of the twentieth century in the United States deeply impacted political science, semiotics, philosophy, psychology, sociology, education, law. Later intellectual trends (analytical philosophy, structuralism, cognitivism) focusing on rational representations or archetypical models somehow sidelined Pragmatism for three decades. In the world of organizations, they often conveyed the Cartesian dream of rational control, which became the mainstream view in management and organization research. In response to t

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13

Abacı, Uygar. Kant's Revolutionary Theory of Modality. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198831556.001.0001.

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This book offers a comprehensive study of Kant’s views on modal notions of possibility, actuality or existence, and necessity. It aims to locate Kant’s views on these notions in their broader historical context, establish their continuity and transformation across Kant’s precritical and critical texts, and determine their role in the substance as well as the development of Kant’s philosophical project. It makes two overarching claims. First, Kant’s precritical views on modality, which appear in the context of his attempts to revise the ontological argument and are critical of the tradition onl

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Barrett, Caitlín Eilís. Domesticating Empire. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190641351.001.0001.

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This book is the first contextually oriented monograph on Egyptian imagery from Roman households. The author uses case studies from Flavian Pompeii to investigate the close association between representations of Egypt and a particular type of Roman household space: domestic gardens. Through paintings and mosaics depicting the Nile, canals that turned the garden itself into a model “Nile,” and statuary depicting Egyptian gods, animals, and individuals, many gardens in Pompeii confronted ancient visitors with images of (a Roman vision of) Egypt. Simultaneously far away and familiar, these imagin

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15

Impett, Jonathan. Making a mark The psychology of composition. Edited by Susan Hallam, Ian Cross, and Michael Thaut. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199298457.013.0037.

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This article discusses the psychology of composition. Composition is a reflexive, iterative process of inscription. The work, once named as such and externalizable to some degree, passes circularly between inner and outer states. It passes through internal and external representations – mostly partial or compressed, some projected in mental rather than physical space, not all necessarily conscious or observable – and phenomenological experience, real or imagined. At each state-change the work is re-mediated by the composer, whose decision-making process is conditioned by the full complexity of

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16

Heunen, Chris, and Jamie Vicary. Categories for Quantum Theory. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198739623.001.0001.

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Monoidal category theory serves as a powerful framework for describing logical aspects of quantum theory, giving an abstract language for parallel and sequential composition and a conceptual way to understand many high-level quantum phenomena. Here, we lay the foundations for this categorical quantum mechanics, with an emphasis on the graphical calculus that makes computation intuitive. We describe superposition and entanglement using biproducts and dual objects, and show how quantum teleportation can be studied abstractly using these structures. We investigate monoids, Frobenius structures an

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17

Singer, Kate, Ashley Cross, and Suzanne Barnett, eds. Material Transgressions. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789621778.001.0001.

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Material Transgressions reveals how Romantic-era authors think outside of historical and theoretical ideologies that reiterate notions of sexed bodies, embodied subjectivities, isolated things, or stable texts. Essays examine how these writers rethink materiality, especially the subject-object relationship, in order to challenge the tenets of Enlightenment and the culture of sensibility that privileged the hegemony of the speaking and feeling lyric subject and to undo supposedly invariable matter, and representations of it, that limited their writing, agency, knowledge, and even being. In this

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18

Callanan, John J., and Lucy Allais, eds. Kant and Animals. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198859918.001.0001.

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This is an edited collection devoted to the topic of the role of animals within Kant’s philosophy. It addresses key issues within both his theoretical and practical philosophy. It examines the place of Kant’s model of animal minds in the historical and contemporary contexts. It addresses the question of whether Kant’s philosophy of mind allows for animals to be capable of intentional representations of spatiotemporal objects. It explores how Kant treated the issue of animal nature as it manifests in humans and non-humans alike, and questions how Kant’s scientific theory attempted to accommodat

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19

Grant, Roger Mathew. Peculiar Attunements. Fordham University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823288069.001.0001.

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Peculiar Attunements places the recent turn to affect into conversation with a parallel movement that took place in European music theory of the eighteenth century. During that time the affects—or the passions, as they were also called—formed a vital component of a mimetic model of the arts. Eighteenth-century critics held that artworks imitated or copied the natural world in order to produce copies of the affects in their beholders. But music caused a problem for these thinkers, since it wasn’t apparent that musical tones could imitate anything with any dependability (except, perhaps, for the

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20

Floridi, Luciano. The Logic of Information. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833635.001.0001.

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This is a book on the logic of design and hence on how we make, transform, refine, and improve the objects of our knowledge. The starting point is that reality provides the data, to be understood as constraining affordances, and we transform them into information, like semantic engines. Such transformation or repurposing is not equivalent to portraying, or picturing, or photographing, or photocopying anything. It is more like cooking: the dish does not represent the ingredients, it uses them to make something else out of them, yet the reality of the dish and its properties hugely depend on the

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21

Morris, Michael. Real Likenesses. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198861751.001.0001.

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This book offers a new approach to artistic representation, worked out in detail for the cases of paintings, photographs, and novels. It presents a paradox in the case of each of the three art forms, and argues for a thesis (the Non-Distraction Thesis) about the relation between medium and content. It then argues that the dominant theories of representation in the three art forms are incompatible with that thesis. Fresh light is thereby cast on familiar topics: the supposed phenomenon of ‘twofoldedness’, in the case of paintings; the alleged ‘transparency’ of photographs; the ‘paradox of ficti

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