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Books on the topic 'Objectifs de parité'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 April 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Mel'nikov, Nikolay. Objects of land legal relations. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2001726.

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The monograph explores the concept and characteristics of objects of land relations, including categories of land, various types of zones, land plots and their parts. The issues of individualization, legal regime and turnover of objects are analyzed, their comparative legal analysis and classification are carried out. It is intended for researchers in the field of jurisprudence, students of law faculties of universities, lawyers, lawyers, practitioners and other persons interested in land and legal issues.

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Gurko, Aleksandr, and Tat'yana Sahnovich. Systematic research of economic objects. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2025. https://doi.org/10.12737/2189088.

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The monograph presents the authors' view on the system analysis of economic objects. In accordance with the logic of systems research, the first part of the book examines an economic object: its consistency, functions, structure, external environment, management, and modeling methods. The second part is devoted to system analysis and evaluation, with special attention paid to solving the problem of choice in management. Approaches to assessing the quality and effectiveness of management decisions, modeling the manager's activities, and researching management adaptation problems are also consid

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Kramarov, Sergey, Ol'ga Mityasova, Igor' Temkin, and Vladimir Khramov. Objects' identification in geospatial sociotechnical systems. Publishing Center RIOR, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02146-0.

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The monograph is devoted to the identification issues discussion on example of mining facilities (quarries). Information sources, as well as the results of research on the processing of objects’ digital satellite images are considered in the monograph in detail. In addition, the description of the railway identification model and its software implementation for its using in the mining and transport complex are given. The specific developments of technical solutions, which were obtained within working process under the study, are shown at the monograph’s final part. The monograph is intended fo

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Snickare, Mårten. Colonial Objects in Early Modern Sweden and Beyond. Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463728065.

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An elaborately crafted and decorated tomahawk from somewhere along the north American east coast: how did it end up in the royal collections in Stockholm in the late seventeenth century? What does it say about the Swedish kingdom’s colonial ambitions and desires? What questions does it raise from its present place in a display cabinet in the Museum of Ethnography in Stockholm? This book is about the tomahawk and other objects like it, acquired in colonial contact zones and displayed by Swedish elites in the seventeenth century. Its first part situates the objects in two distinct but related sp

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Caporali, Enrica, and Atanasko Tuneski, eds. Towards a New Curriculum: The DEREC Experience. Firenze University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-877-2.

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This volume presents the experience of developing a new undergraduate curriculum on "Environmental and Resources Engineering" at the Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje in FYR Macedonia, in the framework of the TEMPUS CD_JEP_19028_2004 DEREC – Development of Environmental and Resources Engineering Curriculum (2005-2008). This publication describes the methodology, instruments and processes employed in the curriculum development. It is divided into two main parts. The first part describes the European Consortium approach (including papers from all representatives of Consortium Member i

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6

Siebert, Martina, Kai Jun Chen, and Dorothy Ko, eds. Making the Palace Machine Work. Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463720359.

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Making the Palace Machine Work: Mobilizing People, Objects, and Nature in the Qing Empire brings the studies of institutions, labour, and material cultures to bear on the history of science and technology by tracing the workings of the Imperial Household Department (Neiwufu) in the Qing court and empire. An enormous apparatus that employed 22,000 men and women at its heyday, the Department operated a "machine" with myriad moving parts. The first part of the book portrays the people who kept it running, from technical experts to menial servants, and scrutinises the paper trails they left behind

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Komolov, Oleg, Daler Dzhabborov, Tamara Stepanova, Gleb Maslov, and Rafael' Abdulov. Deglobalization: the crisis of neoliberalism and the movement towards a new world order. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2025. https://doi.org/10.12737/2155923.

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The monograph is devoted to the problems of deglobalization of the modern economy in the context of the post-crisis recovery of the global economy from 2009 to the present. It is determined that deglobalization is characterized by the strengthening of the protectionist policies of states, the tightening of sanctions regimes, and the development of military conflicts. These trends lead to a relative decrease in the intensity of global trade and global capital flows, and also cause a crisis of regional integration in different parts of the world. The most common approaches of modern researchers

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Schneewind, Sarah. The Social Drama of Daily Work. Amsterdam University Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5117/9789048559534.

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Part manifesto, part manual, this book offers historians of all levels both subject and approach. The subject is work. In every place-time people made and sold objects - and struggled with annoying customers or government regulation. They healed clients - and wanted to bolster their prestige and keep out interlopers. Studying work allows historians to delve into the experiences of non-elite groups using texts, images, or objects. The wide-ranging approach is based on the Chicago-school sociology of occupations, which starts from the premise that work isn’t just a job: it’s a drama created by p

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Buras, Todd, and Trent Dougherty. Parrying Parity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198746973.003.0001.

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One Berkeleyan case for idealism, recently developed by Robert M. Adams, relies on a seeming disparity between our concepts of matter and mind. Thomas Reid’s critique of idealism directly challenges the alleged disparity. After highlighting the role of the disparity thesis in Adams’s updated Berkeleyan argument for idealism, this chapter offers an updated version of Reid’s challenge, and assesses its strength. What emerges from this historico-philosophical investigation is that a contemporary Reidian has much work to do to transpose her objections to Berkeley into good objections to Adams’s ar

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James A, Green. Part II The Criteria for the Operation of the Persistent Objector Rule, 3 The Objection Criterion. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198704218.003.0004.

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The second part of this book turns towards the way in which the persistent objector rule functions and the various criteria for its operation. This chapter begins with an analsys of waht constitutes ‘objection’ for the purpose of the rule. The chapter looks at the meaning of ‘objection’ in relation to the operation of the rule. It begins by noting that only states can be persistent objectors. It looks at what exactly an objector state must be objecting. The chapter then highlights the usual strategy of states in objecting not to the individual applicability of the emerging norm to them but to

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Williams, Neil E. Powerful Perdurance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796572.003.0010.

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It is commonly held that the right sort of ‘glue’ for uniting the temporal parts of persisting objects should be causal. To date, very little has been said about the nature of this causal glue (except to give it unhelpful names like ‘immanent causation’ or ‘gen-identity’). To my mind, causal powers look well suited to the task: two consecutive object stages are part of the same persisting object just in case the latter is part of the manifestation of an appropriate power of the former. However, before any such project could hope to get off the ground, a number of prima facie objections must be

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Kellner, Menachem. Maimonides on Holiness. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796497.003.0007.

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Two views of the nature of holiness are outlined in this chapter. According to one, which we may call ontological or essentialist, holy places, persons, times, and objects are ontologically distinct from (and religiously superior to) profane places, persons, times, and objects. This distinction is part of the universe. On the second view, holy places, persons, times, and objects are in no objective way distinct from profane places, persons, times, and objects; holiness is a status, not a quality of existence. It is a challenge, not a given; normative, not descriptive. It is institutional (in t

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Cuny, Noëlle, and Xavier Kalck, eds. Modernist Objects. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781949979503.001.0001.

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Modernist Objects is a unique mix of cultural studies, literature, and visual arts applied to the discrete materiality of objects. It places objects, how they emerge or withdraw, how they fashion us, and what status they hold, at the heart of what constitutes modernism. Three processes are consistently to be observed in modernist object experiments: objecting to realism, fashioning the human, and performing the ornamental. The cumbersome bourgeois semiotics of material possessions was itself taken on by writers as diverse as Beckett or Djuna Barnes as a material to be chipped away at, given ne

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Haumesser, Matthieu. Virtual Existence of Ideas and Real Existence. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815037.003.0007.

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The chapter considers the concept of ‘existence’ as it is variously applied in Locke to the objects of sensation (the ‘real existence’ of things) and to the objects of reflection (the ‘fleeting existence’ of ideas). It shows that Locke, in order to construct his own ontology and typology of simple ideas and modes, is both using and subverting the Cartesian ontology of substance and modes. Ideas, as ‘immediate objects of perception’, exist in the mind, but not substantially. This in turn sheds light on the differences between Locke’s and Descartes’s doctrines of ideas, especially on the questio

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Fields, Keota. Berkeley’s Semiotic Idealism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198755685.003.0005.

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This chapter proposes an interpretation of Berkeley as a semiotic idealist. According to semiotic idealism internal ideas are signs for external divine ideas, and sensible objects are composite entities with external divine ideas as their essential parts and internal ideas of the imagination and (where applicable) sensations as their contingent parts. Signification is the ontological glue that unifies these parts into individuals. Divinely instituted normative linguistic rules govern the use of internal ideas as signs for external divine ideas. This semiotic relation gives objective form and m

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Crompton, Rod, Midesh Sing, Vernon Filter, and Nonhlanhla Msimango. Petrol price regulation in South Africa: Is it meeting its intended objectives? UNU-WIDER, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2020/897-9.

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The South African liquid fuels industry is a significant part of the economy. Historically, government policy focused on import substitution industrialization to support industry margins. This approach is called into question by the 2006 shift from net exports to imports and by inflated downstream regulated margins. This study focuses on the regulated petrol price. Import parity pricing regulation has not kept pace with market changes. A policy shift in 1998 towards market-related pricing has not materialized. Instead, regulated margins have increased over the last 20 years in real terms, part

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Chalabi, Azadeh. A Cross-Case Analysis of NHRAPs of Fifty-Three Countries. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822844.003.0006.

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Part III, ‘Empirical Perspectives’, contains only one chapter, Chapter 5, which presents the results of a cross-case analysis of national human rights action plans of fifty-three countries. Adopting a purposive sampling technique, these countries are selected on the basis of four main criteria, namely human rights record, geographical diversity, political regimes, and cultural diversity. This comprehensive cross-case study follows two objectives. The first objective of this chapter is to unearth significant problems in the ‘pre-phase’ and the four phases of planning, namely ‘preparatory phase’

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Bader, Ralf M. Inner Sense and Time. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198724957.003.0007.

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This chapter explains how outer appearances end up in time, despite the fact that time is only the form of inner sense, on the basis that they are objects of representations of which we become aware in a temporal manner by means of an act of reflexive awareness. This temporalising function of inner sense is to be distinguished from the subjective temporal ordering that results from the reappropriation of mental states by means of inner intuition. Both these functions pertain to sensibility and are, in turn, to be distinguished from time determination, which is performed by the understanding. T

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James A, Green. Part III The Limitations and Role of the Persistent Objector Rule, 7 Peremptory Norms and Persistent Objection. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198704218.003.0008.

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This chapter opens the third part of this book. The text here turns to the limitations and role of the persistent objector rule. This chapter begins by examining the commonly advanced contention that the ‘escape hatch’ provided by the persistent objector rule cannot be ‘opened’ in relation to jus cogens norms. A significant majority of scholars have expressed the view that a state cannot exempt itself from a peremptory norm through persistent objection, even when the usual criteria for the rule's operation. The chapter assesses the majority view. Section I sets out what peremptory norms are ho

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Marušić, Jennifer Smalligan. Berkeley on the Objects of Perception. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198755685.003.0004.

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In the first of the Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous, Hylas distinguishes two parts or aspects of every perception, namely a sensation, which is an act of mind, and an object immediately perceived. Hylas concedes that sensations can exist only in a mind, but maintains that the objects immediately perceived have a real existence outside the mind; they are qualities of material objects. This distinction and Philonous’s response to it are the topic of this essay. It considers the implications of this response for understanding Berkeley’s theory of perception and concludes that it suppo

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Olson, Kristi A. The Solidarity Solution. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190907457.001.0001.

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What is a fair income distribution? The empirical literature seems to assume that equal income would be fair, but the equal income answer faces two objections. First, equal income is likely to be inefficient. This book sets aside efficiency concerns as a downstream consideration; it seeks to identify a fair distribution. The second objection—pointed out by both leftist political philosopher G. A. Cohen and conservative economist Milton Friedman—is that equal income is unfair to the hardworking. Measuring labor burdens in order to adjust income shares, however, is no easy task. Some philosopher

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Levine, Joseph. Color and Color Experience. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198800088.003.0011.

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In this paper I investigate the problems for “locating” color in the world, surveying the various subjectivist and objectivist positions and finding them wanting. I then argue that the problem is that colors are “ways of appearing,” an odd kind of property that essentially implicates the mind and turns the problem of locating color into part of the mind–body problem. Rather than identify colors with objective surface features, such as surface spectral reflectance, or with dispositions to cause certain internal mental states, I treat them as relations holding between the subject and the objects

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Hicks, Dan, and Mary C. Beaudry. Introduction. Edited by Dan Hicks and Mary C. Beaudry. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199218714.013.0001.

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Divided into four parts, the field of material cultural studies focus on cultural studies with special reference to history, archaeology, and anthropology. This book celebrates a diversity of approaches to ‘material culture studies’ in anthropology, archaeology, and the related fields of cultural geography and science and technology studies. This article explores the key arguments put forward in the five sections of the book, disciplinary perspectives; material practices; objects and humans; landscapes and the built environment; and studying particular things. Part I explores a number of diffe

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Schroeder, Timothy. Empirical Evidence against a Cognitivist Theory of Desire and Action. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199370962.003.0009.

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This chapter considers T. M. Scanlon’s (1998) theory of action as a specific instance of cognitivist theories of action. It raises an unusual sort of objection to Scanlon’s cognitivism and its nearest philosophical neighbors: given what is known about the low-level neuroscience of action, there is no reasonable way to interpret the brain’s action-producing neural pathways consistent with this sort of theory. Interpreting the action-producing neural pathways as requiring a cognitive representation of reasons to be involved in action production meets a variety of objections, depending on just wh

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Rostovtseva, Juliana, ed. Exolith – 2021. Actual problems of lithology: objectives and approaches. LCC MAKS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2017.exolith-2021.

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The collection contains materials of the reports of the scientific readings «Exolith – 2021», held on the subject «Actual problems of lithology: objectives and approaches» and dedicated to the 2021 year, declared in Russia «Year of Science and Technology» and being the 60-th anniversary of the first manned flight into space. There are a wide range of issues related to the research of sedimentary successions. The collection of the materials is of interest to geologists of various specialties who are engaged in the complex studies of the upper part of the lithosphere, as well as in the detailed

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Raleigh, Thomas. On Silhouettes, Surfaces, and Sorensen. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198722304.003.0010.

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Sorensen (2008) argued that when we see a silhouetted object, the part of the object that we see is its back surface. I argue against this claim and in favour of the thesis that the part of a silhouetted object that we see is its edge/edges. I provide a general ‘Parts Perception Principle’ (PPP) for determining which part/parts of a seen object are seen and show that it both provides the intuitively correct answers in cases of normal seeing and also that it favours the edge theory over the back-side-theory in cases of seeing silhouetted objects. I also briefly compare and contrast cases in whi

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Donnelly, Maureen. Three-Dimensionalism. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935314.013.39.

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Three-Dimensionalism is a position on how objects persist over time. Three-Dimensionalism is standardly construed as the claim that objects persist by being “wholly present” at each moment of their careers and is typically endorsed in opposition to the standard four-dimensionalist claim that objects extend through time by having temporal parts at each moment of their careers. This article reviews and highlights serious shortcomings of various proposals for filling out the three-dimensionalist account of persistence through claims about persisting objects’ parts or locations. This article sugge

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Department of Defense. Air Parity: Re-Discovering Contested Air Operations - Studies of World War II Battle of Britain, Siege of Malta, and Falklands War, Objectives at Outbreak of China Conflict in East or South China Seas. Independently Published, 2019.

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van Schaaik, Gerjan. The Oxford Turkish Grammar. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851509.001.0001.

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The point of departure of this book is the fundamental observation that actual conversations tend to consist of loosely connected, compact, and meaningful chunks built on a noun phrase, rather than fully fledged sentences. Therefore, after the treatment of elementary matters such as the Turkish alphabet and pronunciation in part I, the main points of part II are the structure of noun phrases and their function in nominal, existential, and verbal sentences, while part III presents their adjuncts and modifiers. The verbal system is extensively discussed in part IV, and in part V on sentence stru

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Reconnaître les controverses de l'hésitation vaccinale. EDP Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-2766-4.

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Ce livret a pour objectif de présenter les controverses et les débats à l'œuvre dans l'hésitation vaccinale pour favoriser la construction d'une opinion raisonnée critique, nuancée et argumentée sur cette question socialement vive. Pour l'essentiel, il reprend l'un des premiers enseignements numériques mis à grande échelle en 2020 sur les « Enjeux de la transition écologique » auprès de plusieurs milliers d'étudiants de licence de toutes disciplines de l'Université Paris-Saclay. La première partie traite d'aspects généraux relatifs aux vaccins : en quoi ils sont cohérents, ce qu'ils contiennen

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Eisenberg, Melvin A. Third-Party Beneficiaries. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199731404.003.0055.

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Chapter 55 concerns third-party beneficiaries. A third-party beneficiary is a person who is not a party to a contract but would benefit by its performance. The principle that should determine whether any given third-party beneficiary should have power to enforce a contract as follows: A third-party beneficiary should have the right to enforce a contract if but only if: (I) allowing the beneficiary to enforce the contract is a necessary or important means of effectuating the contracting parties’ objectives as manifested in the contract read in the light of surrounding circumstances; or (II) all

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Roelofs, Luke. Combining Minds. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190859053.001.0001.

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This book explores a neglected philosophical question: How do groups of interacting minds relate to singular minds? Could several of us, by organizing ourselves the right way, constitute a single conscious mind that contains our minds as parts? And could each of us have been, all along, a group of mental parts in close cooperation? Scientific progress seems to be slowly revealing that all the different physical objects around us are, at root, just a matter of the right parts put together in the right ways: How far could the same be true of minds? This book argues that we are too used to seeing

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Papathomas, Thomas V. Reverse-Perspective Art and Objects—Illusions in Depth and Motion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0030.

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The main goal of this chapter is to present the relatively new art form of reverspectives, invented and refined by Patrick Hughes. Reverspectives are painted on nonplanar surfaces that jut out of the wall, yet the painted scenery contains strong reverse-perspective cues that cause depth reversal: convex and concave parts are perceived as concave and convex, respectively. Reverspectives also appear to move vividly as viewers move past them. The chapter presents a wide variety of reverspectives, as well as a related class of illusions that are painted on large spheres, producing depth inversion

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Andrén, Mats. Children’s Expressive Handling of Objects in a Shared World. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190210465.003.0005.

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Theories of embodied interaction and environmental coupling are now successfully struggling with the slippery notions of mind, matter, and sociality, but more empirical work is required, especially in relation to children. At the heart of the development of sociality is how the handling of objects in parent-child interaction may stand out as having expressive (gestural) qualities over and above their instrumental aspects. What sort of expressive qualities may be found in such actions, and what provides for them? In short, how do they come to mean? Using longitudinal recordings of five Swedish

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Leong, Daphne. Performing Knowledge. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190653545.001.0001.

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This book brings a theorist and performers together to examine the interface of analysis and performance in music of the twentieth century. Nine case studies, of music by Ravel, Schoenberg, Bartók, Schnittke, Milhaud, Messiaen, Babbitt, Carter, and Morris, are co-authored with performers (or composers) of those works. The case studies revolve around musical structure, broadly defined to comprise relations among parts and whole created in the process of making music, whether by composers, performers, listeners, or analysts. Knowledge that is produced in the course of relating analysis and perfo

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Waxman, Wayne. Hume’s Theory of Ideas. Edited by Paul Russell. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199742844.013.33.

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Commentators divide on whether the basic elements of Hume’s philosophy—perceptions, their division into impressions and ideas, and their associative relation—should be construed as objects and relations between objects or as representations of objects and their relations. Although the latter reading is generally favored, in this chapter the author argues that the textual evidence favors the former and that Hume’s philosophy should be interpreted accordingly. The focus is on Part 1 of the first book of the Treatise (T 1.1) but subsequent texts are considered as well, particularly passages in Pa

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Scanlon, T. M. Equal Concern. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812692.003.0002.

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Inequality can be objectionable because it results from an agent providing a higher level of a benefit to some people than to others to whom it owes the same obligation to provide this benefit. Although this objection to inequality presupposes an obligation on the part of an agent to provide a benefit to members of a group, it remains an essentially comparative objection, an objection to unequal responsiveness to the obligation rather than simply to a failure to fulfill this obligation. This requirement of equal concern is neither empty nor irrational, as some critics have charged.

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Grivno, Max. 3. “There Are Objections to Black and White, but One Must Be Chosen”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036521.003.0004.

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This chapter explores farmers' strategies for recruiting and disciplining a diverse workforce of slaves, free blacks, and hired whites. Regardless of the composition of their workforces, landowners labored under certain imperatives: they needed to eliminate or at least trim the cost of supporting their workers' dependent kin and to rid themselves of surplus hands during slower seasons while guaranteeing a workforce adequate for harvesting wheat. To balance these competing imperatives, employers of free labor winnowed workers they perceived as unproductive from their rolls and crafted economic

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Dorsch, Fabian, and Fiona Macpherson, eds. Phenomenal Presence. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199666416.001.0001.

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Many different features figure consciously in our perceptual experiences, in the sense that they make a subjective difference to those experiences. These features range from colours and shapes to volumes and backsides, from natural or artefactual kinds to reasons for perceptual belief, and from the existence and externality of objects to the relationality and wakefulness of our perceptual awareness of them. The topic of this collection of essays is the different ways in which features like these can be phenomenally present in perceptual experience. In particular, the focus is on features that

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Swift, Ellen, Jo Stoner, and April Pudsey. A Social Archaeology of Roman and Late Antique Egypt. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867340.001.0001.

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The first in-depth study of the society and culture of Roman and late antique Egypt that uses everyday artefacts as its principal source of evidence, this book transforms our understanding of many aspects of its society and culture. It represents a fundamental reference work for scholars, with much new and essential information on a wide range of artefacts, many of which are found not only in Egypt, but also in the wider Roman and late antique world. It also sets out a new interpretation of everyday life and aspects of social relations in Egypt in the period under study. By taking a social arc

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Mee, Sarah, and Zoe Clift. Assessment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757689.003.0001.

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Meticulous assessment—both subjective and objective—is an essential part of managing hand conditions. Objective measures include range of motion, power grip, pinch grip, oedema, and dexterity testing. Subjective measures include a clinical history, sensibility, and sensation testing, pain scales, and Patient Related Outcome Measures (PROMS), global (e.g. EQ5D, VAS pain), region specific (e.g. Michigan Hand Questionnaire, Disabilities of the Hand, Arm, Shoulder, QuickDASH, Patient Related Wrist and Hand Evaluation), and condition specific (e.g. Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire).

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Stuart, Casey-Maslen, Clapham Andrew, Giacca Gilles, and Parker Sarah. Art.1 Object and Purpose. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198723523.003.0005.

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This chapter examines Article 1 of theATT, which sets out the objectives and purpose of the ATT. The provision is divided into two parts, the first of which outlines the ‘object’ of the treaty, while the second part summarizes the ATT’s ‘purpose’. Article 1 sets the ‘highest possible common international standards’ for regulating the international trade in conventional arms; preventing and eradicating illicit trade and preventing diversion are stipulated as the treaty’s object. The purpose of the ATT is to contribute to international and regional peace, security, and stability; reduce human su

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Martin, S. Rebecca, and Stephanie M. Langin-Hooper, eds. The Tiny and the Fragmented. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190614812.001.0001.

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Miniature and fragmentary objects are both remarkably fascinating and easily dismissed. Tiny scale entices users with visions of Lilliputian worlds. The ambiguity of fragments intrigues us, offering vivid reminders of the transitory nature of reality. Yet, the standard scholarly approach to such objects has been to see them as secondary, incomplete things, designed primarily to refer to a complete and often life-sized whole. This volume offers a series of fresh perspectives on the familiar concepts of the tiny and the fragmented, in chapters ranging in focus from Neolithic Europe to Pre-Columb

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Hutchison, Katrina. Moral Responsibility, Respect, and Social Identity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190609610.003.0009.

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P. F. Strawson draws a distinction between what he calls the “participant stance” that people take toward those they regard as morally responsible agents, and the “objective stance” they take toward those who are not. This chapter explores the role these two stances play in oppressive moral responsibility practices. The argument has three parts. Section 2 argues it is better to regard the participant and objective stance as opposite ends of a spectrum, with many social interactions involving a stance somewhere between. Section 3 explores what sort of respect is involved in the two stances; it

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Carrette, Jeremy. Objectification and Commodification. Edited by Michael Stausberg and Steven Engler. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198729570.013.49.

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Objectification and commodification are challenging and disturbing processes. The chapter explores how these processes are transforming ‘religious’ ideas, persons, and practices into ‘things’ across a wide variety of Asian and Western traditions and contexts. Objectification and commodification reflect distinct cognitive and social processes that arise from desire, control, and power. The chapter argues that commoditization and commodification should be seen as two different processes, the former dealing with the legitimate process of objects becoming economic entities and the latter referring

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Pfeiffer, Christian. A Topological Conception of Bodies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779728.003.0006.

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The chapter deals with the distinction between continuity and contact. Two objects are in contact if they have their boundaries in the same place. Two parts of a single object are continuous if they share a boundary. The topological difference between continuity and contact‐‐the number of boundaries involved‐‐‐is grounded in the ontological difference between ontologically independent objects and parts of a single object that are not ontologically separate. Continuity is thus connected to the unity of an object. The spatial wholeness and continuity of an object is explained by its form. The ch

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Pfeiffer, Christian. Contact and Continuity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779728.003.0007.

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The chapter deals with the distinction between continuity and contact. Two objects are in contact if they have their boundaries in the same place. Two parts of a single object are continuous if they share a boundary. The topological difference between continuity and contact‐‐‐the number of boundaries involved‐‐‐is grounded in the ontological difference between ontologically independent objects and parts of a single object that are not ontologically separate. Continuity is thus connected to the unity of an object. The spatial wholeness and continuity of an object is explained by its form. The c

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Cookson, Richard, Susan Griffin, Ole F. Norheim, and Anthony J. Culyer, eds. Distributional Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198838197.001.0001.

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Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis aims to help healthcare and public health organizations make fairer decisions with better outcomes. Standard cost-effectiveness analysis provides information about total costs and effects. Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis provides additional information about fairness in the distribution of costs and effects—who gains, who loses, and by how much. It can also provide information about the trade-offs that sometimes occur between efficiency objectives such as improving total health and equity objectives such as reducing unfair inequality in hea

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Stang, Nicholas F. Transcendental Idealism Without Tears. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198746973.003.0006.

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This chapter is an attempt to explain Kantian transcendental idealism to contemporary metaphysicians and make clear its relevance to contemporary debates in what is now called ‘meta-ontology.’ It first introduces some Kantian ideas about what objects are and argues that we understand the concept <object> through understanding what can be the referent of singular mental reference by some intellect (what Kant calls an ‘intuition’), human or otherwise. It then argues that explanatory understanding requires the ability to understand instances of relevant concepts, which in turn requires the

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Schechter, Joshua. No Need for Excuses. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198716310.003.0007.

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This chapter discusses the viability of knowledge-first epistemology. The chapter has two parts. The first part presents several big-picture objections to knowledge-first epistemology and argues that while these considerations are pressing, they are not conclusive. The second part focuses on a specific thesis endorsed by many knowledge-first epistemologists—the knowledge norm of assertion. The chapter considers a familiar concern with this norm: It can be appropriate for someone who has a justified belief that p, but doesn’t know that p, to assert that p. Proponents of the knowledge norm typic

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