Academic literature on the topic 'Objective reference points'
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Journal articles on the topic "Objective reference points"
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Liu, Yiping, Dunwei Gong, Xiaoyan Sun, and Yong Zhang. "Many-objective evolutionary optimization based on reference points." Applied Soft Computing 50 (January 2017): 344–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2016.11.009.
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Stewart, Theodor J. "Multiple objective project portfolio selection based on reference points." Journal of Business Economics 86, no. 1-2 (2016): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11573-015-0797-x.
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Xiang, Yi, Yuren Zhou, Xiaowei Yang, and Han Huang. "A Many-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm With Pareto-Adaptive Reference Points." IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 24, no. 1 (2020): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2019.2909636.
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Abdel-Basset, Mohamed, Reda Mohamed, and Mohamed Abouhawwash. "Balanced multi-objective optimization algorithm using improvement based reference points approach." Swarm and Evolutionary Computation 60 (February 2021): 100791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.swevo.2020.100791.
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Metev, Boyan S., and Irena T. Yordanova-Markova. "Multi-objective optimization over convex disjunctive feasible sets using reference points." European Journal of Operational Research 98, no. 1 (1997): 124–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(95)00323-1.
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Reddy, Sohail R., and George S. Dulikravich. "Many-objective differential evolution optimization based on reference points: NSDE-R." Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization 60, no. 4 (2019): 1455–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00158-019-02272-0.
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Alves, Maria João, and João Clímaco. "Indifference sets of reference points in multi-objective integer linear programming." Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis 10, no. 4 (2001): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mcda.301.
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Reçica, Muhamet, and Naser Pajaziti. "Albanian Aorist and Time Reference Points." Journal of Educational and Social Research 10, no. 3 (2020): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2020-0051.
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Topics related to the structure of the temporal system of Albanian language always give opportunities for new discussions to deal with certain aspects related to various forms of this system, and one of them is the aorist, as a tense containing many semantic, temporal, aspectual, stylistic values, etc. The relationships that exist between the verbal tenses in this system within the absolute time-relative time dimension, which relate to the independent or dependent use of temporal forms against one another in different discoursing contexts, make up an interpretation-based approach to interest. Hence, the essential objective of this paper will be specifically the relations of the Albanian aorist to the other verbal forms, always observed with a time reference point, to illuminate the character of these purely temporal relations against each other under all circumstances of the actions that take place and are displayed by verbal forms in different contexts, relying on the corpus of examined materials.
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Д.В., Полєжаєв, та Тихомиров М.Ю. "КАТЕГОРІАЛЬНО-ПОНЯТІЙНЕ ОСМИСЛЕННЯ ФЕНОМЕНУ ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО САМОВИЗНАЧЕННЯ: ІСТОРІОГРАФІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ". Вісник Харківського національного педагогічного університету імені Г.С. Сковороди "Психологія", № 52 (14 січня 2016): 285–92. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.44745.
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The article deals with main scientific researches and concepts of professional self-determination. It is analyzed objective reference points of professional self-determination, its structural elements.
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Dai, Guangming, Chong Zhou, Maocai Wang, and Xiangping Li. "Indicator and reference points co-guided evolutionary algorithm for many-objective optimization problems." Knowledge-Based Systems 140 (January 2018): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2017.10.025.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Objective reference points"
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Martin, Hugo. "Optimisation multi-objectifs et élicitation de préférences fondées sur des modèles décisionnels dépendants du rang et des points de référence." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS101.
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Cette thèse se situe dans le cadre de la théorie de la décision algorithmique, domaine de recherche à l'intersection de la théorie de la décision, de l'intelligence artificielle et de la recherche opérationnelle. Nous nous intéressons à la prise en compte de comportements sophistiqués dans des environnements complexes (décision multicritère, décision collective, décision dans le risque et l'incertain). Nous proposons d'abord des méthodes d'optimisation multi-objectifs sur domaine implicite lorsque les préférences sont représentées par des modèles dépendants du rang (intégrale de Choquet, bipolar OWA, Cumulative Prospect Theory et intégrale de Choquet bipolaire). Ces méthodes reposent sur des approches de programmation mathématique et d'algorithmique discrète. Ensuite, nous présentons des méthodes d'élicitation incrémentale des paramètres de modèles dépendants du rang permettant de prendre en compte la présence d'un point de référence dans les préférences d'un décideur (bipolar OWA, Cumulative Prospect Theory, intégrale de Choquet avec capacités et bicapacités). Finalement, nous abordons la modification structurelle de solutions sous contraintes (coût, qualité) dans des méthodes de tri à plusieurs points de référence. Les différentes approches proposées dans cette thèse ont été testées et nous présentons les résultats numériques obtenus afin d'illustrer leur efficacité pratique<br>This thesis work falls within the research field of algorithmic decision theory, which is defined at the junction of decision theory, artificial intelligence and operations research. This work focuses on the consideration of sophisticated behaviors in complex decision environments (multicriteria decision making, collective decision making and decision under risk and uncertainty). We first propose methods for multi-objective optimization on implicit sets when preferences are represented by rank-dependent models (Choquet integral, bipolar OWA, Cumulative Prospect Theory and bipolar Choquet integral). These methods are based on mathematical programming and discrete algorithmics approaches. Then, we present methods for the incremental parameter elicitation of rank-dependent model that take into account the presence of a reference point in the decision maker's preferences (bipolar OWA, Cumulative Prospect Theory, Choquet integral with capacities and bicapacities). Finally, we address the structural modification of solutions under constraints (cost, quality) in multiple reference point sorting methods. The different approaches proposed in this thesis have been tested and we present the obtained numerical results to illustrate their practical efficiency
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Siegmund, Florian. "Dynamic Resampling for Preference-based Evolutionary Multi-objective Optimization of Stochastic Systems : Improving the efficiency of time-constrained optimization." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-13088.
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In preference-based Evolutionary Multi-objective Optimization (EMO), the decision maker is looking for a diverse, but locally focused non-dominated front in a preferred area of the objective space, as close as possible to the true Pareto-front. Since solutions found outside the area of interest are considered less important or even irrelevant, the optimization can focus its efforts on the preferred area and find the solutions that the decision maker is looking for more quickly, i.e., with fewer simulation runs. This is particularly important if the available time for optimization is limited, as is the case in many real-world applications. Although previous studies in using this kind of guided-search with preference information, for example, withthe R-NSGA-II algorithm, have shown positive results, only very few of them considered the stochastic outputs of simulated systems. In the literature, this phenomenon of stochastic evaluation functions is sometimes called noisy optimization. If an EMO algorithm is run without any countermeasure to noisy evaluation functions, the performance will deteriorate, compared to the case if the true mean objective values are known. While, in general, static resampling of solutions to reduce the uncertainty of all evaluated design solutions can allow EMO algorithms to avoid this problem, it will significantly increase the required simulation time/budget, as many samples will be wasted on candidate solutions which are inferior. In comparison, a Dynamic Resampling (DR) strategy can allow the exploration and exploitation trade-off to be optimized, since the required accuracy about objective values varies between solutions. In a dense, converged population, itis important to know the accurate objective values, whereas noisy objective values are less harmful when an algorithm is exploring the objective space, especially early in the optimization process. Therefore, a well-designed Dynamic Resampling strategy which resamples the solution carefully, according to the resampling need, can help an EMO algorithm achieve better results than a static resampling allocation. While there are abundant studies in Simulation-based Optimization that considered Dynamic Resampling, the survey done in this study has found that there is no related work that considered how combinations of Dynamic Resampling and preference-based guided search can further enhance the performance of EMO algorithms, especially if the problems under study involve computationally expensive evaluations, like production systems simulation. The aim of this thesis is therefore to study, design and then to compare new combinations of preference-based EMO algorithms with various DR strategies, in order to improve the solution quality found by simulation-based multi-objective optimization with stochastic outputs, under a limited function evaluation or simulation budget. Specifically, based on the advantages and flexibility offered by interactive, reference point-based approaches, studies of the performance enhancements of R-NSGA-II when augmented with various DR strategies, with increasing degrees of statistical sophistication, as well as several adaptive features in terms of optimization parameters, have been made. The research results have clearly shown that optimization results can be improved, if a hybrid DR strategy is used and adaptive algorithm parameters are chosen according to the noise level and problem complexity. In the case of a limited simulation budget, the results allow the conclusions that both decision maker preferences and DR should be used at the same time to achieve the best results in simulation-based multi-objective optimization.<br>Vid preferensbaserad evolutionär flermålsoptimering försöker beslutsfattaren hitta lösningar som är fokuserade kring ett valt preferensområde i målrymden och som ligger så nära den optimala Pareto-fronten som möjligt. Eftersom lösningar utanför preferensområdet anses som mindre intressanta, eller till och med oviktiga, kan optimeringen fokusera på den intressanta delen av målrymden och hitta relevanta lösningar snabbare, vilket betyder att färre lösningar behöver utvärderas. Detta är en stor fördel vid simuleringsbaserad flermålsoptimering med långa simuleringstider eftersom antalet olika konfigurationer som kan simuleras och utvärderas är mycket begränsat. Även tidigare studier som använt fokuserad flermålsoptimering styrd av användarpreferenser, t.ex. med algoritmen R-NSGA-II, har visat positiva resultat men enbart få av dessa har tagit hänsyn till det stokastiska beteendet hos de simulerade systemen. I litteraturen kallas optimering med stokastiska utvärderingsfunktioner ibland "noisy optimization". Om en optimeringsalgoritm inte tar hänsyn till att de utvärderade målvärdena är stokastiska kommer prestandan vara lägre jämfört med om optimeringsalgoritmen har tillgång till de verkliga målvärdena. Statisk upprepad utvärdering av lösningar med syftet att reducera osäkerheten hos alla evaluerade lösningar hjälper optimeringsalgoritmer att undvika problemet, men leder samtidigt till en betydande ökning av antalet nödvändiga simuleringar och därigenom en ökning av optimeringstiden. Detta är problematiskt eftersom det innebär att många simuleringar utförs i onödan på undermåliga lösningar, där exakta målvärden inte bidrar till att förbättra optimeringens resultat. Upprepad utvärdering reducerar ovissheten och hjälper till att förbättra optimeringen, men har också ett pris. Om flera simuleringar används för varje lösning så minskar antalet olika lösningar som kan simuleras och sökrymden kan inte utforskas lika mycket, givet att det totala antalet simuleringar är begränsat. Dynamisk upprepad utvärdering kan däremot effektivisera flermålsoptimeringens avvägning mellan utforskning och exploatering av sökrymden baserat på det faktum att den nödvändiga precisionen i målvärdena varierar mellan de olika lösningarna i målrymden. I en tät och konvergerad population av lösningar är det viktigt att känna till de exakta målvärdena, medan osäkra målvärden är mindre skadliga i ett tidigt stadium i optimeringsprocessen när algoritmen utforskar målrymden. En dynamisk strategi för upprepad utvärdering med en noggrann allokering av utvärderingarna kan därför uppnå bättre resultat än en allokering som är statisk. Trots att finns ett rikligt antal studier inom simuleringsbaserad optimering som använder sig av dynamisk upprepad utvärdering så har inga relaterade studier hittats som undersöker hur kombinationer av dynamisk upprepad utvärdering och preferensbaserad styrning kan förbättra prestandan hos algoritmer för flermålsoptimering ytterligare. Speciell avsaknad finns det av studier om optimering av problem med långa simuleringstider, som t.ex. simulering av produktionssystem. Avhandlingens mål är därför att studera, konstruera och jämföra nya kombinationer av preferensbaserade optimeringsalgoritmer och dynamiska strategier för upprepad utvärdering. Syftet är att förbättra resultatet av simuleringsbaserad flermålsoptimering som har stokastiska målvärden när antalet utvärderingar eller optimeringstiden är begränsade. Avhandlingen har speciellt fokuserat på att undersöka prestandahöjande åtgärder hos algoritmen R-NSGA-II i kombination med dynamisk upprepad utvärdering, baserad på fördelarna och flexibiliteten som interaktiva referenspunktbaserade algoritmer erbjuder. Exempel på förbättringsåtgärder är dynamiska algoritmer för upprepad utvärdering med förbättrad statistisk osäkerhetshantering och adaptiva optimeringsparametrar. Resultaten från avhandlingen visar tydligt att optimeringsresultaten kan förbättras om hybrida dynamiska algoritmer för upprepad utvärdering används och adaptiva optimeringsparametrar väljs beroende på osäkerhetsnivån och komplexiteten i optimeringsproblemet. För de fall där simuleringstiden är begränsad är slutsatsen från avhandlingen att både användarpreferenser och dynamisk upprepad utvärdering bör användas samtidigt för att uppnå de bästa resultaten i simuleringsbaserad flermålsoptimering.
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Fenollosa, Artés Felip. "Contribució a l'estudi de la impressió 3D per a la fabricació de models per facilitar l'assaig d'operacions quirúrgiques de tumors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667421.
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La present tesi doctoral s’ha centrat en el repte d’aconseguir, mitjançant Fabricació Additiva (FA), models per a assaig quirúrgic, sota la premissa que els equips per fer-los haurien de ser accessibles a l’àmbit hospitalari. L’objectiu és facilitar l’extensió de l’ús dels prototips com a eina de preparació d’operacions quirúrgiques, transformant la pràctica mèdica actual de la mateixa manera que en el seu moment ho van fer tecnologies com les que van facilitar l’ús de radiografies. El motiu d’utilitzar FA, en lloc de tecnologies més tradicionals, és la seva capacitat de materialitzar de forma directa les dades digitals obtingudes de l’anatomia del pacient mitjançant sistemes d’escanejat tridimensional, fent possible l’obtenció de models personalitzats. Els resultats es centren en la generació de nou coneixement sobre com aconseguir equipaments d’impressió 3D multimaterials accessibles que permetin l’obtenció de models mimètics respecte als teixits vius. Per facilitar aquesta buscada extensió de la tecnologia, s’ha focalitzat en les tecnologies de codi obert com la Fabricació per Filament Fos (FFF) i similars basades en líquids catalitzables. La recerca s’alinea dins l’activitat de desenvolupament de la FA al CIM UPC, i en aquest àmbit concret amb la col·laboració amb l’Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona (HSJD). El primer bloc de la tesi inclou la descripció de l’estat de l’art, detallant les tecnologies existents i la seva aplicació a l’entorn mèdic. S’han establert per primer cop unes bases de caracterització dels teixits vius -sobretot tous- per donar suport a la selecció de materials que els puguin mimetitzar en un procés de FA, a efectes de millorar l’experiència d’assaig dels cirurgians. El caràcter rígid dels materials majoritàriament usats en impressió 3D els fa poc útils per simular tumors i altres referències anatòmiques. De forma successiva, es tracten paràmetres com la densitat, la viscoelasticitat, la caracterització dels materials tous a la indústria, l’estudi del mòdul elàstic de teixits tous i vasos, la duresa d’aquests, i requeriments com l’esterilització dels models. El segon bloc comença explorant la impressió 3D mitjançant FFF. Es classifiquen les variants del procés des del punt de vista de la multimaterialitat, essencial per fer models d’assaig quirúrgic, diferenciant entre solucions multibroquet i de barreja al capçal. S’ha inclòs l’estudi de materials (filaments i líquids) que serien més útils per mimetitzar teixits tous. Es constata com en els líquids, en comparació amb els filaments, la complexitat del treball en processos de FA és més elevada, i es determinen formes d’imprimir materials molt tous. Per acabar, s’exposen sis casos reals de col·laboració amb l’HJSD, una selecció d’aquells en els que el doctorand ha intervingut en els darrers anys. L’origen es troba en la dificultat de l’abordatge d’operacions de resecció de tumors infantils com el neuroblastoma, i a la iniciativa del Dr. Lucas Krauel. Finalment, el Bloc 3 té per objecte explorar nombrosos conceptes (fins a 8), activitat completada al llarg dels darrers cinc anys amb el suport dels mitjans del CIM UPC i de l’activitat associada a treballs finals d’estudis d’estudiants de la UPC, arribant-se a materialitzar equipaments experimentals per validar-los. La recerca ampla i sistemàtica al respecte fa que s’estigui més a prop de disposar d’una solució d’impressió 3D multimaterial de sobretaula. Es determina que la millor via de progrés és la de disposar d’una pluralitat de capçals independents a fi de capacitar la impressora 3D per integrar diversos conceptes estudiats, materialitzant-se una possible solució. Cloent la tesi, es planteja com seria un equipament d’impressió 3D per a models d’assaig quirúrgic, a fi de servir de base per a futurs desenvolupaments.<br>La presente tesis doctoral se ha centrado en el reto de conseguir, mediante Fabricación
Aditiva (FA), modelos para ensayo quirúrgico, bajo la premisa que los equipos para
obtenerlos tendrían que ser accesibles al ámbito hospitalario. El objetivo es facilitar la
extensión del uso de modelos como herramienta de preparación de operaciones
quirúrgicas, transformando la práctica médica actual de la misma manera que, en su
momento, lo hicieron tecnologías como las que facilitaron el uso de radiografías. El
motivo de utilizar FA, en lugar de tecnologías más tradicionales, es su capacidad de
materializar de forma directa los datos digitales obtenidos de la anatomía del paciente
mediante sistemas de escaneado tridimensional, haciendo posible la obtención de
modelos personalizados.
Los resultados se centran en la generación de nuevo conocimiento para conseguir
equipamientos de impresión 3D multimateriales accesibles que permitan la obtención de
modelos miméticos respecto a los tejidos vivos. Para facilitar la buscada extensión de la
tecnología, se ha focalizado en las tecnologías de código abierto como la Fabricación
por Hilo Fundido (FFF) y similares basadas en líquidos catalizables. Esta investigación
se alinea dentro de la actividad de desarrollo de la FA en el CIM UPC, y en este ámbito
concreto con la colaboración con el Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona (HSJD).
El primer bloque de la tesis incluye la descripción del estado del arte, detallando las
tecnologías existentes y su aplicación al entorno médico. Se han establecido por primera
vez unas bases de caracterización de los tejidos vivos – principalmente blandos – para
dar apoyo a la selección de materiales que los puedan mimetizar en un proceso de FA, a
efectos de mejorar la experiencia de ensayo de los cirujanos. El carácter rígido de los
materiales mayoritariamente usados en impresión 3D los hace poco útiles para simular
tumores y otras referencias anatómicas. De forma sucesiva, se tratan parámetros como
la densidad, la viscoelasticidad, la caracterización de materiales blandos en la industria,
el estudio del módulo elástico de tejidos blandos y vasos, la dureza de los mismos, y
requerimientos como la esterilización de los modelos.
El segundo bloque empieza explorando la impresión 3D mediante FFF. Se clasifican las
variantes del proceso desde el punto de vista de la multimaterialidad, esencial para hacer
modelos de ensayo quirúrgico, diferenciando entre soluciones multiboquilla y de mezcla
en el cabezal. Se ha incluido el estudio de materiales (filamentos y líquidos) que serían
más útiles para mimetizar tejidos blandos. Se constata como en los líquidos, en
comparación con los filamentos, la complejidad del trabajo en procesos de FA es más
elevada, y se determinan formas de imprimir materiales muy blandos. Para acabar, se
exponen seis casos reales de colaboración con el HJSD, una selección de aquellos en los
que el doctorando ha intervenido en los últimos años. El origen se encuentra en la
dificultad del abordaje de operaciones de resección de tumores infantiles como el
neuroblastoma, y en la iniciativa del Dr. Lucas Krauel.
Finalmente, el Bloque 3 desarrolla numerosos conceptos (hasta 8), actividad completada a lo largo de los últimos cinco años con el apoyo de los medios del CIM UPC y de la actividad asociada a trabajos finales de estudios de estudiantes de la UPC, llegándose a materializar equipamientos experimentales para validarlos. La investigación amplia y sistemática al respecto hace que se esté más cerca de disponer de una solución de impresión 3D multimaterial de sobremesa. Se determina que la mejor vía de progreso es la de disponer de una pluralidad de cabezales independientes, a fin de capacitar la impresora 3D para integrar diversos conceptos estudiados, materializándose una posible solución.
Para cerrar la tesis, se plantea cómo sería un equipamiento de impresión 3D para
modelos de ensayo quirúrgico, a fin de servir de base para futuros desarrollos.
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Lee, Chen-Yu, and 李震昱. "A Study on Reference Points in Many-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9jqz7m.
Full textBooks on the topic "Objective reference points"
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Baldi, Elisabetta, and Corrado Bucherelli. Neuroscience. Firenze University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-638-5.
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This bibliographic material is patrimony of our Laboratory of the Behavior Physiology. This research unit originated in 1972 by will of Aldo Giachetti (until 1990) and with the beginning of the activity of Corrado Bucherelli. In the early 1980s, with Carlo Ambrogi Lorenzini (until 2004), the cataloging became more capillary and systematic, to continue to this day. All the researchers who worked in our laboratory contributed to this collection (Giovanna Tassoni 1986-2000, Benedetto Sacchetti 1996-2002 and Elisabetta Baldi from 1991). The study of learning, memory and behavior requires to follow a broad spectrum of neuroscience topics, ranging from neuronal biochemistry to neuropsychology. The Authors’ idea of publishing this collection comes from believing that a such website, though not exhaustive, might be a useful and targeted tool for the selection of bibliographic material in the field of behavioral neuroscience. The bibliographic references present at the publication (29500), accompanied by a brief comment highlighting the contents, are organized in relation to the topics (represented by the 99 themes) constituting the publication itself. The intersection of several references will point out the topics that represent them simultaneously. Concerning neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, references to agonists, antagonists or molecules interfering with the activity of these synapses have been inserted in the pages of the implicated neurotransmitter (e.g. acetylcholine). The pages including topics that could have been dealt with separately (e.g. active and passive avoidance) are introduced by a short explanatory note. The comment of each publication highlights the animal species used. Each comment is intended to indicate the content rather than the experimental results of paper. This choice comes from wanting to provide the reader with a more objective and less speculative comment.
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Diamond, James A. Angelic Encounters as Metaphysics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805694.003.0009.
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This chapter examines angels’ role as dynamic actors within the drama of the narratives in which they appear. Cognitions that signal an encounter with an angel or a kind of human apparition are instructive for biblical metaphysics. They offer an awareness of some objective metaphysical reality as it exists independently of the human embodied psyche, allowing for momentary escapes from cognitive reference points that are skewed by personal predicament, character, and biases. Close readings of biblical narratives such as Jacob’s wrestling with an angel in Genesis 32, Hagar’s angelic revelation in the desert in Genesis 16, and Gideon’s encounter with an angel before going to battle in Judges 6, show the angel as the vehicle of distilling divine knowledge for earthly consumption.
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Sherry, Clifford J. Animal Rights. 2nd ed. ABC-CLIO, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400613029.
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This revised edition helps readers understand and develop their own opinions on the fundamental issues, enduring controversies, and critical developments associated with animal rights. First published in 1994, Animal Rights: A Reference Handbook was widely acclaimed for its objective look at the ways in which humans treat animals. Extensively revised and updated, this new edition explores the basis for current perspectives on animal rights by addressing the relationship between humans and animals from scientific, philosophical, legal, and religious points of view. Animal Rights: A Reference Handbook, Second Edition maintains the balance and accessibility of the first edition, letting readers decide the bounds of human responsibility toward animals. It surveys a wide range of controversies surrounding the use of animals in such fields as the food industry, medical research, and the realm of entertainment, as well as the tremendous surge in scientific discoveries and technological advances that have led to new conversations on animal rights in the 21st century.
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Goldschneider, Kenneth, Andrew Davidson, Eric Wittkugel, and Adam Skinner, eds. Clinical Pediatric Anesthesia. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199764495.001.0001.
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Through 71 case presentations, this resource covers the field of pediatric anesthesiology with a practical, point-of-care approach. Each concisely written case is organized by introduction, learning objectives, case presentation, discussion, summary, annotated references, and further reading. In a style akin to the oral board examinations, discussions are framed as questions and answers to encourage thorough analysis and understanding by the reader. Key words are highlighted to emphasize important points, and annotated references allow for further exploration of topics. Multiple approaches often exist for the care of children in any given situation, so various options are discussed when appropriate with advantages and disadvantages closely examined.
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Nikoletta, Kleftouri. 1 Rationales for Creating a Deposit Protection System. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198743057.003.0001.
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A deposit protection system’s rationale is a key starting point in understanding its design and role within a financial safety-net system. A weighting towards the’ protection of depositors’ objective implies a system with a low coverage level, while a weighting towards promoting financial stability will lead to high coverage levels. The objective of depositors’ protection often means the existence of a ‘pay box’ mandate, while financial stability requires broader powers for the deposit insurer in addition to its payout mandate. This chapter uses the UK regulatory regime as its main reference point and tries to explore the full potential of an effective deposit insurance system.
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Gert, Joshua. Primitive Colors. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785910.001.0001.
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This book is both an account of the nature of color and color perception, and an exercise in neo-pragmatist theorizing. Neo-pragmatism rejects representationalism, which is the standard strategy for solving “placement problems” in philosophy. Instead, it makes use of deflationary accounts of truth and reference. In the domain of color, the result is color primitivism: a view of color according to which colors are sui generis properties of objects, irreducible to physical or dispositional properties. Objective colors are also—contrary to current dogma—insufficiently determinate in their nature to allow them to be associated with precise points in standard color spaces. Rather, standard color spaces are appropriate for the description of color appearances, which are to be understood in line with a moderate form of adverbialism. A central analogy here is between the perceptible three-dimensional shape of an object and the various ways in which that shape appears from various perspectives. The book also offers an account of color constancy, a moderated version of representationalism about visual experience, and a criticism of the thesis of the transparency of experience. Also included are detailed discussions of rival views, including those of Alex Byrne and David Hilbert, C. L. Hardin, Jonathan Cohen, Mark Kalderon, Keith Allen, and Derek Brown.
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Chen-Wishart, Mindy, Alexander Loke, and Stefan Vogenauer. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808114.003.0001.
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This chapter provides an introduction to the Studies in Asian Contract Law series: its genesis and objectives, the difficulties encountered, the methodology adopted, as well as the terms of reference given to all contributors to this volume. It explains the comparative law dimensions of the project, the thematic focal points of each stage of the project, and the basis on which the Asian jurisdictions featured in this book were selected. It introduces the underlying research questions and overarching themes of the book and also provides a summary of each of the chapters.
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Barrett, Justin L. The Argument from Positive Epistemic Status. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190842215.003.0010.
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Plantinga’s suggested argument for God from positive epistemic status takes as its starting point that many of our beliefs have positive epistemic status and that such positive status is best thought of as derived from our belief-forming faculties functioning properly in an appropriate environment. Plantinga suggests that this proper function is best understood in terms of a designer having engineered these faculties for particular purposes, the best candidate for this designer being God. A ready objection is that the needed “proper” functioning could be derived from evolution and, so, God is not obviously the best candidate for being the “designer.” This essay evaluates versions of this objection in reference to recent scientific research from cognitive developmental psychology and cognitive science of religion.
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Houglum, Peggy A. Therapeutic Exercise for Musculoskeletal Injuries. 4th ed. Human Kinetics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781718215511.
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Therapeutic Exercise for Musculoskeletal Injuries, Fourth Edition, presents foundational information that instills a thorough understanding of rehabilitative techniques. Updated with the latest in contemporary science and peer-reviewed data, this edition prepares upper-undergraduate and graduate students for everyday practice while serving as a referential cornerstone for experienced rehabilitation clinicians. The text details what is happening in the body, why certain techniques are advantageous, and when certain treatments should be used across rehabilitative time lines. Accompanying videos demonstrates some of the more difficult or unique techniques and can be used in the classroom or in everyday practice. The content featured in Therapeutic Exercise for Musculoskeletal Injuries aligns with the Board of Certification's (BOC) accreditation standards and prepares students for the BOC Athletic Trainers' exam. Author and respected clinician Peggy A. Houglum incorporates more than 40 years of experience in the field to offer evidence-based perspectives, updated theories, and real-world applications. The fourth edition of Therapeutic Exercise for Musculoskeletal Injuries has been streamlined and restructured for a cleaner presentation of content and easier navigation. Additional updates to this edition include the following: An emphasis on evidence-based practice encourages the use of current scientific research in treating specific injuries.Full-color content with updated art provides students with a clearer understanding of complex anatomical and physiological concepts.40 video clips highlight therapeutic techniques to enhance comprehension of difficult or unique concepts.Clinical tips illustrate key points in each chapter to reinforce knowledge retention and allow for quick reference. The unparalleled information throughout Therapeutic Exercise for Musculoskeletal Injuries, Fourth Edition, has been thoroughly updated to reflect contemporary science and the latest research. Most chapters contain Evidence in Rehabilitation sidebars that focus on current peer-reviewed research in the field and include applied uses for evidence-based practice. Additional learning aids have been updated to help readers absorb and apply new content; these include chapter objectives, lab activities, key points, key terms, critical thinking questions, and references.
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Claus, Kreß. Part IV The ICC and its Applicable Law, 27 The ICC’s First Encounter with the Crime of Genocide: The Case against Al Bashir. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198705161.003.0027.
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The ICC’s first substantial encounter with the crime of genocide was triggered by the prosecution’s application for a warrant of arrest against Omar Al Bashir on 14 July 2008. This chapter addresses the emerging ICC jurisprudence on the crime of genocide, including Pre-Trial Chamber I’s ‘Decision on the Prosecution’s Application for a Warrant of Arrest against Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir’ of 4 March 2009, which constitutes the most important engagement of an ICC Chamber with the definition of the crime of genocide to date. The chapter discusses the nature of genocide and its material and mental elements, including the controversy over the purpose versus the knowledge-based approach and whether the crime of genocide requires an objective point of reference for the perpetrator’s intent, namely, the existence of a realistic collective goal to destroy the target group in whole or in part.
Book chapters on the topic "Objective reference points"
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Ibrahim, Amin, Shahryar Rahnamayan, Miguel Vargas Martin, and Kalyanmoy Deb. "Fusion of Many-Objective Non-dominated Solutions Using Reference Points." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54157-0_22.
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Wang, Shuai, Dong Xiao, Futao Liao, et al. "A Modified Two_Arch2 Based on Reference Points for Many-Objective Optimization." In Intelligence Computation and Applications. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-4393-3_11.
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Singh, Hemant Kumar, and Xin Yao. "Improvement of Reference Points for Decomposition Based Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithms." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68759-9_24.
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Li, Shuxian, Yong Zhang, Qing Wang, Linchun He, Huijun Li, and Bin Ye. "A Surrogate-Assisted Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm Guided by Hybrid Reference Points." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-7181-3_35.
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Sharma, Deepak, Syed Zaheer Basha, and Sandula Ajay Kumar. "Diversity over Dominance Approach for Many-Objective Optimization on Reference-Points-Based Framework." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12598-1_23.
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Masood, Atiya, Gang Chen, Yi Mei, Harith Al-Sahaf, and Mengjie Zhang. "Genetic Programming with Adaptive Reference Points for Pareto Local Search in Many-Objective Job Shop Scheduling." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8391-9_37.
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Wierzbicki, Andrzej P. "Multi-Objective and Reference Point Optimization Tools." In Model-Based Decision Support Methodology with Environmental Applications. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9552-0_9.
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Brüning, Markus, Paul Wunderlich, and Helene Dörksen. "Advanced Feature Extraction Workflow for Few Shot Object Recognition." In Bildverarbeitung in der Automation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-66769-9_4.
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AbstractObject recognition is well known to have a high importance in various fields. Example applications are anomaly detection and object sorting. Common methods for object recognition in images divide into neural and non-neural approaches: Neural-based concepts, e.g. using deep learning techniques, require a lot of training data and involve a resource intensive learning process. Additionally, when working with a small number of images, the development effort increases. Common non-neural feature detection approaches, such as SIFT, SURF or AKAZE, do not require these steps for preparation. They are computationally less expensive and often more efficient than the neural-based concepts. On the downside, these algorithms usually require grey-scale images as an input. Thus, information about the color of the reference image cannot be considered as a determinant for recognition. Our objective is to achieve an object recognition approach by eliminating the “color blindness” of key point extraction methods by using a combination of SIFT, color histograms and contour detection algorithms. This approach is evaluated in context of object recognition on a conveyor belt. In this scenario, objects can only be recorded while passing the camera’s field of vision. The approach is divided into three stages: In the first step, Otsu’s method is applied among other computer vision algorithms to perform automatic edge detection for object localization. Within the subsequent second stage, SIFT extracts key points out of the previously identified region of interest. In the last step, color histograms of the specified region are created to distinguish between objects that feature a high similarity in the extracted key points. Only one image is sufficient to serve as a template. We are able to show that developing and applying a concept with a combination of SIFT, histograms and edge detection algorithms successfully compensates the color blindness of the SIFT algorithm. Promising results in the conducted proof of concept are achieved without the need for implementing complex and time consuming methods.
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Zhao, Haozhi, Zhiwei Xu, and Kai Zhang. "Reference Point Based Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm for DNA Sequence Design." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3415-7_14.
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Masood, Atiya, Gang Chen, Yi Mei, and Mengjie Zhang. "Adaptive Reference Point Generation for Many-Objective Optimization Using NSGA-III." In AI 2018: Advances in Artificial Intelligence. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03991-2_34.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Objective reference points"
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Abud Filho, Sérgio E., Zehbour Panossian, and Neusvaldo Lira de Almeida. "A New Copper/copper Sulfate Reference Electrode for External Corrosion Monitoring of Buried Pipelines." In CORROSION 2013. NACE International, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2013-02229.
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Abstract The external corrosion of cathodically protected buried pipelines can be monitored by using carbon steel corrosion coupons. These coupons are installed near buried pipelines and they are electrically connected to the pipelines through test points. Coupon weight loss, coupon visual and microscopic inspection, AC and DC pipeline/soil potential and electrical current measurements are very important to predict the pipeline external corrosion processes. To measure AC and DC pipeline/soil potential, copper/copper sulfate reference electrodes are installed near corrosion coupons to minimize IR-drop. However, these reference electrodes have shown premature failures due to the transport of copper ions from the reference electrode through the soil toward the coupon surfaces. These ions are reduced at the carbon steel surface through a galvanic displacement reaction forming a thin copper coating on the steel surfaces which causes permanent damages to the steel coupons. To solve this problem, the traditional copper/copper sulfate reference electrodes were modified and a new copper/copper sulfate reference electrode was developed. The modification was to replace the ceramic junction of the traditional reference electrodes by a metallic junction. This work has the objectives of describing the new reference electrode and presenting lab electrochemical test results performed to validate the new reference electrode.
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Bechikh, Slim, Lamjed Ben Said, and Khaled Ghedira. "Estimating nadir point in multi-objective optimization using mobile reference points." In 2010 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec.2010.5586203.
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Liu, Yiping, Dunwei Gong, Xiaoyan Sun, and Yong Zhang. "A reference points-based evolutionary algorithm for many-objective optimization." In GECCO '14: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2598394.2605674.
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Carvalho, Matheus, and Andre Britto. "Influence of Reference Points on a Many-Objective Optimization Algorithm." In 2018 7th Brazilian Conference on Intelligent Systems (BRACIS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bracis.2018.00014.
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Bechikh, Slim, Lamjed Ben Said, and Khaled Ghédira. "Searching for knee regions in multi-objective optimization using mobile reference points." In the 2010 ACM Symposium. ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1774088.1774325.
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Bechikh, Slim, Lamjed Ben Said, and Khaled Ghedira. "Negotiating decision makers' reference points for group preference-based Evolutionary Multi-objective Optimization." In 2011 11th International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/his.2011.6122135.
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Tian, Ye, Xiaoshu Xiang, Xingyi Zhang, Ran Cheng, and Yaochu Jin. "Sampling Reference Points on the Pareto Fronts of Benchmark Multi-Objective Optimization Problems." In 2018 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec.2018.8477730.
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Wu, Kai Eivind, and George Panoutsos. "A New Method for Generating and Indexing Reference Points in Many Objective Optimisation." In 2020 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec48606.2020.9185793.
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Ishibuchi, Hisao, Hiroyuki Masuda, Yuki Tanigaki, and Yusuke Nojima. "Difficulties in specifying reference points to calculate the inverted generational distance for many-objective optimization problems." In 2014 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcdm.2014.7007204.
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Sundara, Ramesh Raju, and G. Raju. "Position Error Correction Using Differential Pseudo-Range Technique." In Automotive Technical Papers. SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-5019.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Position accuracy is the critical ask of all Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), but errors like reflection, refraction, signal noise, clock errors, and multipath degrade the range computation between the satellite and the receiver. Incorrect range computation leads to errors in the receiver position. So minimizing the error in the range calculation improves the position accuracy. The differential pseudo-range technique uses two receivers, one of which is positioned at a precisely known location to compute the range error and the other receiver uses this error to improve its position accuracy. This paper explains an experiment conducted at a reference point and other five points within the range from 60 m to 120 m away from the reference point. Computing the accurate positions for those five points using the reference station is the objective of this experiment. The location of the reference point is precisely known and was measured accurately by the Survey of India (SOI). The experiment used the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS/NavIC) receiver and the differential pseudo-range technique to compute the position error of the five points.</div></div>
Reports on the topic "Objective reference points"
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Blanken, Annelies, Bafrin Abdulmajid, Eva van Geel, Joost Daams, Martin van der Esch, and Michael Nurmohamed. Effect of tumor necrosis factor inhibiting treatment on arterial stiffness and arterial wall thickness in rheumatoid arthritis patients: protocol for a systematic review and planned meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0131.
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Review question / Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the effect of TNF inhibiting treatment on arterial stiffness (as measured with pulse wave velocity and augmentation index) and arterial wall thickness (as measured with carotid intima media thickness) in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Condition being studied: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disorder, which affects approximately 1% of the population worldwide. Information sources: The following electronic databases will be searched for potentially eligible studies: EMBASE, MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. For the studies identified as eligible for inclusion, similarity tracking will be used to identify more potentially relevant articles with the ‘related article’ feature in PubMed. In addition, a citation search will be performed for included studies to identify articles that have cited them. Reference lists of the included studies and previous reviews on the subject will be searched for potentially relevant studies. ResearchGate profiles of top authors on the subject will be investigated to identify potentially relevant data points. For ongoing or finished studies that are potentially eligible, but without a publication, study authors will be contacted for information. When additional information is needed, study authors will be contacted as well.
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Shriver, Gregory, Elizabeth Tymkiw, Hannah Redmond, Samuel Roberts, Zachary Ladin, and Deana Dawson. Landbird monitoring protocol for the National Capital Region Network: Revision 2.0, 2023. National Park Service, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36967/2312879.
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The National Park Service (NPS) Inventory and Monitoring (I&M) Program conducts long-term ecological monitoring of high-priority indicator resources, deemed “vital signs.” This protocol documents the justification and procedure for monitoring breeding landbirds, a vital sign, in one of the 32 ecoregional I&M networks, the National Capital Region Network (NCRN). “Landbird” refers to the many avian species that spend the majority of their lives in a terrestrial environment, including tree-dwelling birds, perching birds or songbirds, raptors, and ground-feeding birds. Landbird monitoring in the National Capital Region is conducted in both forest and grassland habitats throughout all 11 park units in the network. The mission of the National Park Service is to preserve “unimpaired the natural and cultural resources” of the over 85 million acres of park land throughout the U.S. This management objective underlies the impetus behind implementing long-term monitoring within each I&M network. The NPS established five common programmatic goals for all 32 networks within the I&M program as they plan, design, and implement integrated natural resource monitoring (Fancy et al. 2009). These goals are to: 1) determine the status and trends of selected indicators of park ecosystem conditions to make better-informed decisions and to work more effectively with other agencies and individuals for the benefit of park resources; 2) provide early warning of abnormal conditions of selected resources to help develop effective mitigation measures and reduce costs of management; 3) provide data to better understand the dynamic nature and condition of park ecosystems and to provide reference points for comparisons with other, altered environments; 4) provide data to meet certain legal and Congressional mandates related to natural resource protection and visitor enjoyment; and 5) provide a means of measuring progress towards performance goals. Landbird monitoring in the NCRN employs point count surveys to quantify the avian populations within each park. Point counts are a commonly used survey method that allows for both visual and auditory detections of individual birds and allows multiple surveys to be conducted in the same morning. For the NCRN Landbird Monitoring Protocol, point count surveys are conducted annually within forest and grassland habitats from mid-May through July. The NCRN Landbird Monitoring Protocol consists of a Narrative (this document) and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) outlining in-depth instructions for: (1) field season preparation, (2) field methods/sampling, (3) data analyses, and (4) database management.
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Kok, Bram, David Wolthuis, Frank Bosch, Hans van der Hoeven, and Michiel Blans. Point-of-care ultrasound in patients with dyspnea, nontraumatic hypotension, and shock: a systematic review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0020.
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Review question / Objective: To summarize the existing literature on point-of-care ultrasound in dyspnea, nontraumatic hypotension, and shock. Condition being studied: Patients with dyspnea, nontraumatic hypotension, and shock who were assessed using point-of-care ultrasound. Information sources: The electronic databases PubMed and Embase were searched. In addition we reviewed the reference lists of included papers.
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LI, Zhendong, Chengcheng Zhang, Hangjian Qiu, Xiaoqian Wang, and Yuejuan Zhang. Different Acupuncture Intervention Time-points for Rehabilitation of Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment：Protocol For a Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0043.
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Review question / Objective: This study will provide evidence-based references for the efficacy of different acupuncture interventions time-point in the treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI). 1. Types of studies. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture for PSCI will be recruited. Additionally, Studies should be available in full papers as well as peer-reviewed and the original data should be clear and adequate. 2. Types of participants. All adults with a recent or previous history of ischaemic or hemorrhagic stroke and diagnosed according to clearly defined or internationally recognized diagnostic criteria, regardless of nationality, race, sex, age, or educational background. 3. Types of interventions and controls. The control group takes non-acupuncture treatment, including conventional rehabilitation or in combination with symptomatic support therapy. The experimental group should be treated with acupuncture on basis of the control group. 4. Types of outcomes. The primary outcomes are measured with The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and/or The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), which have been widely used to evaluate cognitive abilities.
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Chen, Jiankun, Yingming Gu, Lihong Yin, et al. Network meta-analysis of curative efficacy of different acupuncture methods on obesity combined with insulin resistance. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0075.
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Review question / Objective: Population：Patients diagnosed as obesity with insulin resistance. Obesity reference: Consensus of experts on the Prevention and treatment of adult obesity in China in 2011 and Consensus of Chinese experts on medical nutrition therapy for overweight/obesity in 2016 were developed by the Obesity Group of Chinese Society of Endocrinology(CSE); BMI≥28. IR reference: According to the Expert opinions on insulin resistance evaluation published by Chinese Diabetes Society, HOMA-IR≥2.68 is regarded as the standard for the diagnosis of IR. Regardless of age, gender and course of disease. Patients diagnosed as obesity with insulin resistance. Intervention：Any kind of acupuncture, moxibustion, acupuncture+moxibustion, warm acupuncture, electropuncture, auricular point, acupoint application and acupoint catgut embedding. Comparison：Other acupuncture treatments, Drug therapy or blank control. Outcome：Primary outcomes: ①Fasting blood-glucose (FBG); ②Fasting serum insulin (FINS); ③Homeostasis model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR); ④Body Mass Index (BMI). Secondary outcomes: ①Waistline; ②Waist-hip ratio;③Triglyceride (TG); ④Total cholesterol (TC); ⑤High-density lipoprotein (HDL); ⑥Low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Study: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of different acupuncture methods in the treatment on obesity with insulin resistance, blind method and language are not limited. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
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Stastny, Petr, Robert Roczniok, Daniel Cleather, Martin Musalek, Dominik Novak, and Michal Vagner. Straight speed and acceleration optimal distances and reference values. A systematic review, and meta-analyses. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0010.
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Review question / Objective: To summarize the sprint reference acceleration and speed values for different sprint distances and suggest optimal unification of ice-hockey straight sprint testing. Eligibility criteria: The title and abstract screening was done by two researchers (PS and RR) who selected a set of articles for full text screening, where the inclusion criteria were: 1) male or female ice-hockey players; 2) any cross-sectional or intervention study; 3) tests of ice-hockey sprinting over any distance or any battery of conditioning tests that included straight-line sprints; and, 4) results reported straight-line sprint distance, speed, time, or acceleration. In the case of disagreement between the evaluating authors, the final decision was made by a third author (MV).The full text screening exclusion criteria were: 1) if the article was not in English; 2) the testing did not include straight-line sprinting; 3) the reported values did not include data distribution; 4) the study reported only maximum speed without skating time or average speed; 5) the end of the sprint was defined by the point the player stopped sprinting; 6) the measurement was made with a stopwatch; and, 7) the study had high bias estimation. The maximum speed test was not included due to the uncertain velocity conditions at beginning of testing distance. The bias estimation was performed using the JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross Sectional Studies (supplementary material 1).
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Dong, Wei, Wei Zhang, Jianxu Er, Jiapeng Liu, and Jiange Han. Lesser complications of laryngeal mask airway than endotracheal tubes in pediatric airway management: A review of literature and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0066.
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Review question / Objective: The relevant expert consensus has not pointed out which ventilation device is better during general anesthesia in the pediatric airway management for elective surgery. Condition being studied: We carried out a keyword search using the terms “layngeal mask, LMA, endotracheal tube, tracheal tube, children, pediatric, anesthesia, RCT, randomized controlled trials, randomized, elective surgery.” In general, searches are developed in MEDLINE in Ovid; Embase.com; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) via the Wiley Interface; Web of Science Core Collection; PubMed restricting to records in the subset “as supplied by publisher” to find references that not yet indexed in MEDLINE; and Google Scholar. When available, these databases were searched using a combination of subject headings (such as MeSH) and filters (such as RCT). We reviewed references of included studies to identify relevant studies. We imposed no language or time restriction. The exact date of the database search is September 1, 2021.We carried out a keyword search using terms “layngeal mask, LMA, endotracheal tube, tracheal tube, children, pediatric, anesthesia, RCT, randomized controlled trials, randomized, elective surgery.”
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Lichter, Amnon, Gopi K. Podila, and Maria R. Davis. Identification of Genetic Determinants that Facilitate Development of B. cinerea at Low Temperature and its Postharvest Pathogenicity. United States Department of Agriculture, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592641.bard.
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Botrytis cinerea is the postharvest pathogen of many agricultural produce with table grapes, strawberries and tomatoes as major targets. The high efficiency with which B. cinerea causes disease on these produce during storage is attributed in part due to its exceptional ability to develop at very low temperature. Our major goal was to understand the genetic determinants which enable it to develop at low temperature. The specific research objectives were: 1. Identify expression pattern of genes in a coldenriched cDNA library. 2. Identify B. cinerea orthologs of cold-induced genes 3. Profile protein expression and secretion at low temperature on strawberry and grape supplemented media. 4. Test novel methods for the functional analysis of coldresponsive genes. Objective 1 was modified during the research because a microarray platform became available and it allowed us to probe the whole set of candidate genes according to the sequence of 2 strains of the fungus, BO5.10 and T4. The results of this experiment allowed us to validate some of our earlier observations which referred to genes which were the product of a SSH suppression-subtraction library. Before the microarray became available during 2008 we also analyzed the expression of 15 orthologs of cold-induced genes and some of these results were also validated by the microarray experiment. One of our goals was also to perform functional analysis of cold-induced genes. This goal was hampered for 3 years because current methodology for transformation with ‘protoplasts’ failed to deliver knockouts of bacteriordopsin-like (bR) gene which was our primary target for functional analysis. Consequently, we developed 2 alternative transformation platforms, one which involves an air-gun based technique and another which involves DNA injection into sclerotia. Both techniques show great promise and have been validated using different constructs. This contribution is likely to serve the scientific community in the near future. Using these technologies we generated gene knockout constructs of 2 genes and have tested there effect on survival of the fungus at low temperature. With reference to the bR genes our results show that it has a significant effect on mycelial growth of the B. cinerea and the mutants have retarded development at extreme conditions of ionic stress, osmotic stress and low temperature. Another gene of unknown function, HP1 is still under analysis. An ortholog of the yeast cold-induced gene, CCH1 which encodes a calcium tunnel and was shown to be cold-induced in B. cinerea was recently cloned and used to complement yeast mutants and rescue them from cold-sensitivity. One of the significant findings of the microarray study involves a T2 ribonuclease which was validated to be cold-induced by qPCR analysis. This and other genes will serve for future studies. In the frame of the study we also screened a population of 631 natural B. cinerea isolates for development at low temperature and have identified several strains with much higher and lower capacity to develop at low temperature. These strains are likely to be used in the future as candidates for further functional analysis. The major conclusions from the above research point to specific targets of cold-induced genes which are likely to play a role in cold tolerance. One of the most significant observations from the microarray study is that low temperature does not induce ‘general stress response in B. cinerea, which is in agreement to its exceptional capacity to develop at low temperature. Due to the tragic murder of the Co-PI Maria R. Davis and GopiPodila on Feb. 2010 it is impossible to deliver their contribution to the research. The information of the PI is that they failed to deliver objective 4 and none of the information which relates to objective 3 has been delivered to the PI before the murder or in a visit to U. Alabama during June, 2010. Therefore, this report is based solely on the IS data.
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Heitmüller, Frederik. Scenarios for Negotiating a UN Framework Convention on International Tax. Institute of Development Studies, 2025. https://doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2024.120.
Full textAbstract:
In 2024, a debate on the objectives and design of a new UN Framework Convention on International Tax fully took off. By establishing a framework for intergovernmental cooperation, such a convention could provide for a more central role of the United Nations in the international tax regime complex, which has been dominated by the OECD and the G20. An analysis of discussions at the Ad Hoc Committee, which met in 2024 to elaborate terms of references for the negotiations of the coming years, stakeholders’ submissions, and the literature on the convention shows that the breadth of suggestions is sizeable, with only little convergence between proposals from the global South and the global North. This paper identifies the main points of contention in the current debate, analysing countries’ and other stakeholders’ positions on them. After the question of the sequencing of the negotiations was settled in the ToR, there are two principal remaining controversies: one is over rules and decision-making procedures, the other over substantive topics to be addressed. While the decision to designate substantive protocols to the convention as optional will allow for the creation of a framework without fully resolving these debates, proponents of the convention from the global South must make a strategic choice as to which of these areas to prioritise, because they form part of a trilemma. If they stick to a firm position on procedures – according to which the convention’s decisions have a binding character and can be taken by a majority vote – and on topics of discussion, much of the framework’s output will initially mainly be ‘by the global South for the global South’, with little participation from the global North. To keep a larger and more diverse group of states on board, the global South may need to compromise on the bindingness of the convention’s instruments, or on the issues that are in scope. Each decision would lead to a different role for the convention in the international tax regime complex. None of them would signify a radical change of the status quo, but each has the potential to incrementally improve the position of lower income countries and thereby lead to a more inclusive international tax regime complex.
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Skelly, Andrea C., Roger Chou, Joseph R. Dettori, et al. Integrated and Comprehensive Pain Management Programs: Effectiveness and Harms. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer251.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness and harms of pain management programs that are based on the biopsychosocial model of care, particularly in the Medicare population. Data sources. Electronic databases (Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, CINAHL®, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) from 1989 to May 24, 2021; reference lists; and a Federal Register notice. Review methods. Given lack of consensus on terminology and program definition for pain management, we defined programs as integrated (based in and integrated with primary care) and comprehensive (referral based and separate from primary care) pain management programs (IPMPs and CPMPs). Using predefined criteria and dual review, we selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing IPMPs and CPMPs with usual care or waitlist, physical activity, pharmacologic therapy, and psychological therapy in patients with complex acute/subacute pain or chronic nonactive cancer pain. Patients needed to have access to medication support/review, psychological support, and physical function support in programs. Meta-analyses were conducted to improve estimate precision. We classified the magnitude of effects as small, moderate, or large based on predefined criteria. Strength of evidence (SOE) was assessed for the primary outcomes of pain, function, and change in opioid use. Results. We included 57 RCTs; 8 evaluated IPMPs and 49 evaluated CPMPs. Compared with usual care or waitlist, IPMPs were associated with small improvements in pain in the short and intermediate term (SOE: low) and in function in the short term (SOE: moderate), but there were no clear differences at other time points. CPMPs were associated with small improvements in pain immediately postintervention (SOE: moderate) but no differences in the short, intermediate, and long term (SOE: low); for function, improvements were moderate immediately postintervention and in the short term; there were no differences in the intermediate or long term (SOE: low at all time points). CPMPs were associated with small to moderate improvements in function and pain versus pharmacologic treatment alone at multiple time frames (SOE: moderate for function intermediate term; low for pain and function at all other times), and with small improvements in function but no improvements in pain in the short term when compared with physical activity alone (SOE: moderate). There were no differences between CPMPs and psychological therapy alone at any time (SOE: low). Serious harms were not reported, although evidence on harms was insufficient. The mean age was 57 years across IPMP RCTs and 45 years across CPMP RCTs. None of the trials specifically enrolled Medicare beneficiaries. Evidence on factors related to program structure, delivery, coordination, and components that may impact outcomes is sparse and there was substantial variability across studies on these factors. Conclusions. IPMPs and CPMPs may provide small to moderate improvements in function and small improvements in pain in patients with chronic pain compared with usual care. Formal pain management programs have not been widely implemented in the United States for general populations or the Medicare population. To the extent that programs are tailored to patients’ needs, our findings are potentially applicable to the Medicare population. Programs that address a range of biopsychosocial aspects of pain, tailor components to patient need, and coordinate care may be of particular importance in this population.