Academic literature on the topic 'Objective well-being'

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Journal articles on the topic "Objective well-being"

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Alatartseva, Elena, and Galina Barysheva. "Well-being: Subjective and Objective Aspects." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 166 (January 2015): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.479.

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Varelius, J. "Objective Explanations of Individual Well-being." Journal of Happiness Studies 5, no. 1 (2004): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:johs.0000021837.28613.0e.

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Alexandrova, Anna. "Subjective Well-Being and Kahneman’s ‘Objective Happiness’." Journal of Happiness Studies 6, no. 3 (2005): 301–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10902-005-7694-x.

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Park, ChoonShin, and JaeYoon Chang. "Emotional labor actors, well-being, and objective performance." Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology 30, no. 3 (2017): 393–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.24230/kjiop.v30i3.393-413.

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To manage the emotional labor demands, employees may primarily rely on one strategy or the other while they may use surface and deep acting in conjunction. However, most research on emotional labor have investigated how two emotional labor strategies function to predict employee well-being separately. This variable-centered perspective is difficult to capture subpopulations of employees who may differ in their combined use of surface and deep acting. Using latent profile analysis, the current study examined potential emotional labor profiles from a person-centered perspective. We identified 5 emotional labor profiles: trying yet faking, some faking, high deep actors, high regulators, and moderates. Also this profiles differently predicted employee well-being (emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction) and objective performance (new sales and member increase). The present study captured the particular conditions in which emotional labor may lead to positive or negative outcomes for employees and organizations.
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Alexandrova, Anna. "Can the Science of Well-Being Be Objective?" British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 69, no. 2 (2018): 421–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjps/axw027.

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Rice, Christopher M. "Defending the Objective List Theory of Well-Being." Ratio 26, no. 2 (2013): 196–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rati.12007.

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Rice, Christopher M. "Minor Goods and Objective Theories of Well-Being." Journal of Value Inquiry 51, no. 2 (2016): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10790-016-9564-7.

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Farrell, Gilda. "Well‐being for all as a human development objective." Society and Business Review 3, no. 2 (2008): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17465680810880053.

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Mossbarger, Brad. "Objective Control and Well-Being in Assisted Living Settings." Clinical Gerontologist 28, no. 4 (2005): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j018v28n04_07.

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Torras, Mariano. "The Subjectivity Inherent in Objective Measures of Well-Being." Journal of Happiness Studies 9, no. 4 (2008): 475–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10902-007-9084-z.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Objective well-being"

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Obućina, Ognjen. "Dynamics of well being among immigrants." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/85411.

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The broad objective of this thesis is to study the patterns of objective and subjective well-being among the immigrants in Europe. The main part of the thesis consists of three single-authored empirical chapters. The first chapter analyzes the longitudinal patterns of relative poverty among the foreign-born in Sweden. The second chapter examines the mechanisms of occupational attainment, occupational mobility and long-term occupational cost of migration among Senegalese immigrants in France, Spain and Italy. The third chapter analyzes life satisfaction and income satisfaction among immigrants in Germany. At the most general level, the results in the empirical chapters suggest that the objective well-being improves with duration of stay at destination, even if very gradually for some immigrant groups, while, on the other hand, there is a ceteris paribus negative relationship between the subjective well-being and duration of stay. A number of other findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the processes associated with the well-being among immigrants.<br>L'objectiu general d'aquesta tesi és estudiar les pautes del benestar objectiu i subjectiu dels immigrants a Europa. La part principal de la tesi consisteix en tres capítols empírics d'autoria única. El primer capítol analitza les pautes longitudinals de pobresa relativa entre els nascuts a l’estranger a Suècia. El segon capítol examina els mecanismes d’obtenció d’ocupació, la mobilitat i cost professional a llarg termini de la migració entre els immigrants d’origen senegalès a França, Espanya i Itàlia. El tercer capítol analitza la satisfacció general amb la vida i la satisfacció amb els ingressos entre els immigrants a Alemanya. Els resultats en els capítols empirics suggereixen, a nivell general, que el benestar objectiu millora a mida que creix la durada de l’estada en el lloc de destí, tot i que de manera molt gradual per alguns grups d’immigrants, mentre que, d’altra banda, hi ha una relació ceteris paribus negativa entre el benestar subjectiu i la durada de l’estada. Diversos resultats contribueixen a una comprensió més matisada dels processos associats amb el benestar entre els immigrants.
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Cooper, Jasmine M. "Reconsidering Well-Being: Optimization at the Societal Level." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1323.

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This paper explores the concept of well-being both in theoretical and practical applications. When it comes to well-being policy, it is apparent that the government’s goal ought to be to maximize the well-being of the citizens within that particular society. In order to do so effectively, there must be a foundational understanding both of the concept of well-being itself, as well as how it functions in application. I argue that preference-based approaches to well-being, which often emply GDP as a key metric, fail to adequately reflect the well-being of a nation’s citizens. I suggest that the Capabilities Approach offers a superior approach to well-being both in theory and in practice. Though it is possible that there are other equal or better options, I find that the Capabilities Approach successfully reaches the genuine depths of a person’s well-being without allowing for one individual’s well-being to impede on another’s. While it is evident that the capabilities approach still faces a number of hurdles and room for development, I hope to have argued that it is a step forward from traditional as well as subjective approaches to well-being. With further research and development, it is evident that this shift will allow for development decisions that are unbiased, equally considering the interests of all citizens, and thus a step forward towards truly increasing the well-being of humans throughout the world.
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Benfield, Warren A. "Identifying and targeting the poor in Jamaica : a comparative study of objective and subjective well-being." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426192.

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Arvan, Marijana L. "How Overqualification Impacts Job Attitudes and Well-Being: The Unique Roles of Perceptions and Reality." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5903.

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The recent global economic downturn has stimulated a growing interest among scholars in how employees interpret and respond to the circumstance of being overqualified. However, the overqualification literature has been hindered by uncertainty regarding the extent to which employees’ perceptions of being overqualified are based in reality. The present study sought to address this concern by proposing and testing a theoretical model of objective overqualification, perceived overqualification, job satisfaction, and well-being using a cross-sectional sample of full-time employees who had recently graduated from college. Additionally, the present study investigated cognitive ability, achievement striving, and trait negative affectivity as potential moderators of several relationships delineated in the proposed model. Results indicated that the data were consistent with the proposed model, which argues that objective overqualification predicts employees’ perceptions of being overqualified, which creates feelings of relative deprivation and ultimately manifests in poorer job satisfaction and reduced well-being. Importantly, however, the pattern of relationships among study variables suggested that strain outcomes were mostly driven by perceived overqualification. Furthermore, employees’ perceptions of being overqualified appeared to be influenced considerably by unmeasured factors besides objective overqualification, potentially including dissatisfaction with other aspects of the job. There was no support for the hypothesized individual moderators. Overall, the study highlights the importance of taking a more nuanced approach to studying overqualification phenomena and cautions against the assumption that being objectively overqualified is a necessarily undesirable circumstance for individuals and their employers.
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De, Beer Leon Tielman. "Job demands-resources theory, health and well-being in South Africa / Leon Tielman de Beer." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8663.

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Work stress has a substantial impact on employees, organisations and economies; especially in the fragile economic environment since the ‘Great Recession’ of 2008; which has seen employment levels drop and employees willing to endure more stress at work to avoid retrenchment. These impacts include serious health and financial consequences. Attempts should therefore be made to effectively manage and address work stress to lessen these dire consequences. Many models have been developed and theorised to assist in explaining work stress, the pinnacle of these being the job demands-resources (JD-R) model. In JD-R theory, the dual process explains that work-related well-being follows the following processes: An energetic, also called the health impairment process, in which job demands leads to ill health outcomes through burnout; and then a motivational process which presents that job resources leads to positive organisational outcomes, e.g. organisational commitment, through engagement. The main objectives of this research were 1) to investigate a JD-R model in a large South African sample with a categorical estimator; 2) to investigate the reversed causal hypotheses of burnout and engagement in job demands-resources theory over time; 3) to investigate the likelihood of reporting treatment for health conditions based on burnout and engagement, and 4) to investigate the link between burnout and objective financial outcomes, i.e. by medical aid provider expenditure. To achieve the first objective a cross-sectional design was used (n = 15 633) covering numerous sectors in South Africa. A dual process model was specified with job demands (work overload) leading to ill health through burnout, and job resources (colleague and supervisor support, communication, growth opportunities and role clarity) leading to organisational commitment through engagement. Results of structural equation modelling indicated that the proposed JD-R model was a good fit to the sample. Furthermore, burnout was found to mediate the relationship between job demands and ill health with a medium effect. Engagement was found to mediate the relationship between job resources and organisational commitment with a large effect. The second objective, concerning reversed causality, was achieved with a longitudinal design (n = 593). The hypothesized model included burnout and engagement at time one, and at time two work overload as indicator of job demands, and colleague and supervisor support, communication, growth opportunities and role clarity as indicators of job resources. Results indicated that burnout had a significant negative reversed causal effect to supervisor support and colleague support. Engagement showed only one significant result, i.e. a small negative reversed causal relationship with supervisor support. To achieve the third objective, a cross-sectional design was used (n = 7 895). Results for logistic regression analyses showed that an increase in burnout was associated with a significant increase in the estimated odds for reporting an affirmative answer for receiving treatment for any of the health conditions, i.e. cardiovascular conditions, cholesterol, depression, diabetes, hypertension and irritable bowel syndrome. In contrast, an increase in engagement was associated with a decrease in affirmative reporting for cardiovascular conditions, cholesterol and depression; but not for diabetes, hypertension or irritable bowel syndrome. Addressing the link between burnout and financial outcomes was the fourth objective; and met with a cross-sectional design (n = 3 182). Participants were divided into a high and low burnout group based on the comorbidity of exhaustion and cynicism Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was implemented, controlling for age and gender, to investigate the difference in medical aid provider expenditure of the two groups. Results revealed that expenditure in the high burnout group was consistently more in all cases, compared to the low burnout group. By way of conclusion, the implications of the research were discussed and recommendations for managers and for future research were made.<br>Thesis (PhD (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013
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Almugren, Hawazen. "The objective and subjective approach to happiness and well-being and its relationship to macroeconomics in some MENA (Middle East and North Africa) countries." Thesis, Kingston University, 2015. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/35582/.

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This research used psychological well-being data on thousands of people across several countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) between the period of 2000 and 2013. It begins with data on the reported well-being levels of thousands of individuals in MENA and relates these data to the macroeconomic variables in each country. The macroeconomics variables to be analysed are the unemployment rate, GDP per capita and the inflation rate. With regards to the reported well-being levels, a random sample of people who live in some selected MENA countries were interviewed each year by the World Value Survey (WVS) and are asked many self-reported questions. Two kinds of questions are used in this thesis. The first is 'all things considered, how satisfied are you weuth your life as a whole?' where answers ranked from 1 being dissatisfied till 10 being satisfied. The second question is 'Taking all things together, would you say you are 1-not at all happy, 2-not very happy, 3-quite happy or 4-very happy'. Ordered probit equations are estimated in an attempt to relate the macroeconomics conditions with individual's happiness or satisfaction by measuring the real cost of unemployment on the population and measuring the effects of GDP changes in a country on the people living in that country. A further analysis to estimate the objective well-being situation in MENA countries and compare it or supplement it to the subjective happiness approach. Building on Sen's capability approach and taking into account factors such as life expectancy, inequality and corruption levels with the individual's happiness from self-reported surveys for the same set of countries in MENA. Two independent variables are the equality opinion question and the financial satisfaction question from the WVS. The first question is: 'Incomes should be made more equal?', where 1 means you agree completely and 10 means you don't. The other question is: 'How satisfied are you with the financial situation of your household?', where '1' means you are completely dissatisfied on this scale, and '10' means you are completely satisfied. The main goal of this thesis is to arrive with a quality of life assessment of the situation in the MENA region by combining a subjective approach presented by self-reported surveys with an objective approach that includes many social indicators.
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Kassenböhmer, Sonja C. [Verfasser], Christoph M. [Gutachter] Schmidt, and Thomas K. [Gutachter] Bauer. "Microeconometric analyses of human welfare : objective and subjective measures of well-being / Sonja C. Kassenböhmer ; Gutachter: Christoph M. Schmidt, Thomas K. Bauer ; Fakultät für Wirtschaftswissenschaft." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1226426395/34.

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Kaya, Safak. "Quality Of Life In Turkey: A Comparative Analysis With The European Union Member States." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12607932/index.pdf.

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This study aims to describe the quality of life of Turkey in comparison with the European Union Member States including the other candidate countries Bulgaria and Romania. The main question in the study is to determine where Turkey stands in terms of quality of life domains in the membership process to the European Union. For this aim, &ldquo<br>The European Quality of Life Survey&rdquo<br>that has been launched in 2003 including 28 countries in Europe has been used. The survey consists of eight life domains including different objective and subjective indicators to measure the quality of life in these countries. The findings revealed that although Turkey displays similar patterns with the other candidate countries, it lags behind the European Union Member States in most of these eight quality of life domains.
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Mahmood, Tahir [Verfasser], Xiaohua [Akademischer Betreuer] Yu, Stephan [Gutachter] Klasen, and Sebastian [Gutachter] Vollmer. "Essays on Comparing Poverty Measures, Gender Differences in Subjective Well-being, Food Insecurity and Malnutrition in Pakistan : Do the Poor really Feel Poor? Comparing Objective Poverty with Subjective Poverty in Pakistan / Tahir Mahmood ; Gutachter: Stephan Klasen, Sebastian Vollmer ; Betreuer: Xiaohua Yu." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1164231189/34.

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Mahmood, Tahir Verfasser], Xiaohua [Akademischer Betreuer] [Yu, Stephan [Gutachter] Klasen, and Sebastian [Gutachter] Vollmer. "Essays on Comparing Poverty Measures, Gender Differences in Subjective Well-being, Food Insecurity and Malnutrition in Pakistan : Do the Poor really Feel Poor? Comparing Objective Poverty with Subjective Poverty in Pakistan / Tahir Mahmood ; Gutachter: Stephan Klasen, Sebastian Vollmer ; Betreuer: Xiaohua Yu." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:7-11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E476-A-8.

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Books on the topic "Objective well-being"

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United Nations. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. Latin America in the mirror: Objective and subjective dimensions of social inequity and well-being in the region. United Nations, ECLAC, 2010.

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Alexandrova, Anna. Can the Science of Well-Being Be Objective? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199300518.003.0004.

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As an object of science, well-being is unusual in that its study relies on a normative standard. Even when the requisite theory justifying this standard is available, deep disagreements about values can surface. These disagreements seem to undermine the claim of this science to objectivity. This is one reason why philosophers of science have traditionally advocated value freedom. This chapter proposes the notion of a ‘mixed claim’ to denote scientific hypotheses that rely on both factual and normative categories. It argues against the advocates of value freedom, that mixed claims should not be eliminated from science. Rather, we need principles that when followed can secure procedural objectivity for mixed claims. These principles include making values explicit, testing for presence of disagreement, and subjecting the controversial value presuppositions to a public deliberation that includes experts on well-being as well as the public whose well-being is in question.
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Chernysh, Mikhail F., and Yulia B. Epikhina. Subjective and objective well-being in modern Russian society: results of an empirical study. Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/inab.2020.1.

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В Информационно-аналитическом бюллетене представлены результаты эмпирической части исследования «Факторы социального благополучия в изменяющемся и стабильном обществах», выполняемого исследовательским коллективом ФНИСЦ РАН при поддержке РФФИ. Результаты эмпирической части исследования содержат данные количественного опроса, реализованного на основе комбинированной выборки объемом в 5021 респондент. В статьях, включенных в Информационно-аналитический бюллетень, рассматриваются уровень и смысловые модели субъективного благополучия, а также анализируются определяющие его факторы, к которым относятся возраст, здоровье, деньги и доступность социальных услуг.
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Decanq, Koen, and Dirk Neumann. Does the Choice of Well-Being Measure Matter Empirically? Edited by Matthew D. Adler and Marc Fleurbaey. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199325818.013.22.

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This chapter discusses and compares five measures of individual well-being, namely income, an objective composite well-being index, a measure of subjective well-being, equivalent income, and a well-being measure based on the von Neumann-Morgenstern utilities of the individuals. After examining the information requirements of these measures, the chapter illustrates their implementation using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) for 2010. This study finda sizable differences in the characteristics of the individuals identified as worst off according to the different well-being measures. Less than 1% of the individuals belong to the bottom decile according to all five measures. Moreover, the measures lead to considerably different well-being rankings of the individuals. These findings highlight the importance of the choice of well-being measure for policy making.
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Hurka, Thomas. Objective Goods. Edited by Matthew D. Adler and Marc Fleurbaey. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199325818.013.12.

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This chapter discusses the idea that there are objective human goods, ones that are desirable and worth pursuing independently of how much you desire or would enjoy them. It examines some leading candidates for such goods, principally the nonmoral goods of knowledge and achievement and the moral good of virtue. It argues that the aggregation of objective goods may use different principles than for subjective goods, for example, ones that value variety or tend less to favor equal distributions of resources. It also considers some policy implications of endorsing objective goods, for example about education, arts funding, and the justification of the market, and asks how far the Sen-Nussbaum capabilities approach can be connected to an objective account of well-being or the human good.
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Alexandrova, Anna. A Philosophy for the Science of Well-Being. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199300518.001.0001.

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Well-being, happiness, and quality of life are now established objects of social and medical research. Does this science produce knowledge that is properly about well-being? What sort of well-being? The definition and measurement of these objects rest on assumptions that are partly normative, partly empirical, and partly pragmatic, producing a great diversity of definitions depending on the project and the discipline. This book, written from the perspective of philosophy of science, formulates principles for the responsible production and interpretation of this diverse knowledge. Traditionally, a philosopher’s goal has been a single concept of well-being and a single theory about what it consists in. But for science this goal is both unlikely and unnecessary. Instead the promise and authority of the science depends on it focusing on the well-being of specific kinds of people in specific contexts. Sceptical arguments notwithstanding, this contextual well-being can be measured in a valid and credible way—but only if scientists broaden their methods to make room for normative considerations and address publicly and inclusively the value-based conflicts that inevitably arise when a measure of well-being is adopted. The science of well-being can be normative, empirical, and objective all at once, provided that we line up values to science and science to values.
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Arneson, Richard J. Does Fairness Require a Multidimensional Approach? Edited by Matthew D. Adler and Marc Fleurbaey. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199325818.013.21.

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What is in itself good for you, according to the argument of this chapter, is getting or achieving things that are objectively worthwhile, these being items on an objective list. Although it would be desirable to have a unified explanation of what belongs on the list, for now we rely on intuition. The chapter surveys and finds inadequate a number of alternative accounts of well-being, mainly on the ground that they conflict with the common-sense claims that enjoyment (feeling good) is a significant component of well-being—an entry on the objective list—and that there are additional intrinsic goods besides enjoyment. Since there are plural goods, we are stuck with multidimensional assessment, and with the difficulties of aggregation that involves.
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Alexandrova, Anna. How to Build a Theory. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199300518.003.0003.

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Child well-being is one of the most researched and measured outcomes today. Much of this work proceeds in the absence of explicit theory and wrongly so. This chapter illustrates the process of building a mid-level theory for the case of children. Such a theory cannot be simply derived from the available high theories, be it hedonism, subjectivism, or objective list. Instead it should be built up using the best suited version of objective list theory (developmentalism), plus also an account of the nature of childhood, all the while respecting the constraints of scientific practice. On the view defended child well-being consists in, first, future-directed and environmentally suited development of capacities of the child (a process known as well-becoming) and, second, in present engagement with the world in child-appropriate ways.
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Clarke-Doane, Justin. Morality and Mathematics. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823667.001.0001.

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This book explores arguments for and against moral realism and mathematical realism, how they interact, and what they can tell us about areas of philosophical interest more generally. It argues that our mathematical beliefs have no better claim to being self-evident or provable than our moral beliefs. Nor do our mathematical beliefs have better claim to being empirically justified. It is also incorrect that reflection on the “genealogy” of our moral beliefs establishes a lack of parity between the cases. In general, if one is a moral anti-realist on the basis of epistemological considerations, then one ought to be a mathematical anti-realist too. And yet, the book argues that moral realism and mathematical realism do not stand or fall together – and for a surprising reason. Moral questions, insofar as they are practical, are objective in a sense in which mathematical questions are not, and the sense in which they are objective can only be explained by assuming practical anti-realism. It follows that the concepts of realism and objectivity, which have been widely identified, are actually in tension. The author concludes that the objective questions in the neighborhood of questions of logic, modality, grounding, nature, and more are practical questions as well. Practical philosophy should, therefore, take center stage.
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Evidence-Based Approaches in Positive Education: Implementing a Strategic Framework for Well-being in Schools. Springer, 2015.

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Book chapters on the topic "Objective well-being"

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Axford, Nick, David Jodrell, and Tim Hobbs. "Objective or Subjective Well-Being?" In Handbook of Child Well-Being. Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9063-8_108.

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Varelius, Jukka. "Objective Explanations of Individual Well-Being." In Happiness Studies Book Series. Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5702-8_2.

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Cloutier, Scott, and Deirdre Pfeiffer. "Happiness: An Alternative Objective for Sustainable Community Development." In Handbook of Community Well-Being Research. Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-0878-2_5.

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Siposne Nandori, Eszter. "Objective and Subjective Poverty." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_3779.

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Muffels, Ruud. "Objective and Subjective Deprivation." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_1983.

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Boelhouwer, Jeroen, and Heinz-Herbert Noll. "Objective Quality of Life." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_1987.

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da Palma, Patrícia Jardim, Miguel Pereira Lopes, and Ana Sofia Monteiro. "The Impact of Objective and Subjective Measures of Security on Subjective Well Being: Evidence from Portugal." In Subjective Well-Being and Security. Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2278-1_5.

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Kotter-Grühn, Dana. "Objective and Subjective Nearness to Death." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_4125.

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Liao, Pei-Shan. "Objective and Subjective Indicators Correlations in Taiwan." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_3732.

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Chasco, Coro. "Objective Index of Quality of Life in Spain." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_1985.

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Conference papers on the topic "Objective well-being"

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Alatartseva, Elena, and Galina Barysheva. "What is Well-Being In The Modern Society: Objective View." In II International Scientific Symposium on Lifelong Wellbeing in the World. Cognitive-crcs, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2016.02.48.

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Ryzhkova, M., V. Guzyr, N. Lobyncev, and O. Antipanova. "Evaluation of Subjective and Objective Aspects of Russian Students' Well-Being." In II International Scientific Symposium on Lifelong Wellbeing in the World. Cognitive-crcs, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2016.02.14.

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Oprea, Daniela. "School Effects of Attachment Break in Context of Economic Migration of Parents." In ATEE 2020 - Winter Conference. Teacher Education for Promoting Well-Being in School. LUMEN Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/atee2020/23.

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Romania is going through a period of economic transition, subject to the pressures of globalization that affect the evolution of the family, at the micro social level, structurally, from the behaviour and relational point of view. The continuous process of changes in the labour market, the inefficiency of the association between vocational training and job satisfaction, the financial difficulties felt by most families but also the challenge of modernity have emphasized the phenomenon of migration in the last decade. The departure of parents who have to work abroad has become a worrying phenomenon with a higher incidence in the eastern half of the country. It has got complex effects on the evolution of the family, especially on the children left at home with one of their parents or their tutors. Nowadays, the studies show more and more situations of neglect in which children become victims and suffer emotionally and physically. They also suffer various abuses, they are exploited through work or sex. In schools, there is a new profile of special educational requirements (not deficiencies), the profile of children left at home without parental support. It is worrying the migration phenomenon seen as a value model by the young generation and its negative effects at school level: decrease of motivation for learning or school abandonment. The present study discusses a review of the current scientific literature objectively, which examines the impact of breaking attachment relationships between children and parents on socio-emotional development and school outcomes. The Romanian society knows an important socio-economic phenomenon, which has grown since 1990: migration. In 2017, a study carried out at the request of the Romanian Government recorded more than 85,000 children left home alone with one of the parents or without parental supervision. We aim to analyse what effects at school and socio-emotional level have the loss of attachment ties having as moderators the gender of the migrant parent, the duration of the separation, the age at which the separation occurs. When these relationships are interrupted, the child’s emotional development is affected, his emotional balance having repercussions in his social life. The purpose of this study is to identify, monitor the dimensions of the phenomenon in intensely affected areas (Braila and Galati counties), the psycho-pedagogical aspects of children with migrant parents exposed to situations of vulnerability, marginalization and to propose a program of educational strategies in order to optimize school motivation. The main objective of the research is to identify, evaluate and involve them into adaptive actions that have as their objective the rebalancing of the socio-affective relations
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Ruxanda (Șuhan), Alina. "Anxiety Tests in Primary School." In ATEE 2020 - Winter Conference. Teacher Education for Promoting Well-Being in School. LUMEN Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/atee2020/30.

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The purpose of this paper is to present both theoretical and practical aspects related to student’s test anxiety. The role of this paper is to inform the teachers about haw the word” test” should be used in the school context and to highlight the aspects of anxiety and everything that lies behind this rich subject. The main objective underlying this paper is the detailed analysis of what anxiety means and haw it manifests itself among the students. The paper is structured of 3 chapters, two of them presenting the theoretical part and one practical part. In the first part called, Theoretical Approach” the paper aims to analyse the following: anxiety, anxiety theories and contemporary theories and implications of anxiety towards the test. In the second chapter called, Anxiety and stress towards tests” the paper focuses on the following aspects: anxiety about test, anxiety disorders and their effects on personality development, the role of tests in education children of primary school, blocking anxiety and recovering from failure, affectivity and perfectionism. In the third chapter named, the research methodology” I will try to analyse haw children are affected during the assessment and haw high their level of anxiety is when they are faced with these situations. Also, in performing the processing and interpretation of the data from this research, the statistical method was used. Thus, after centralizing the results of the students participating in the study, we reached the following conclusions: during the tests some of students trembled their hands, often students forget what they have learned or have problems in remembering. Many students do not give 100% performance when undergoing tests because they are stressed, became anxious and they block. The teacher has to teach children that the role of testing is to figure out where you went wrong or what needs to be improved. From study the material needed for this paper I was able to discover what each child (even myself) felt and lived when he heard the word, test”.
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Alwi, Alamsyah, and Mutiara Sari. "Improving the Objective Well Being of Productive Zakat Recipients by Applying Islamic Micro Finance at Baitul Mal Aceh, Indonesia." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Finance Economics and Business, ICOFEB 2018, 12-13 November 2018, Lhokseumawe, Aceh, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.12-11-2018.2288780.

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Repciuc (Jucan), Elena. "Family and Kindergarten - the Partnership for Education." In ATEE 2020 - Winter Conference. Teacher Education for Promoting Well-Being in School. LUMEN Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/atee2020/27.

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This paper presents both theoretical and practical aspects of the significance of this kindergarten-family partnership with the mission to inform both teachers and parents about the importance of collaboration and to offer some suggestions by which we can make the communication between these two parts. The main objective underlying this paper is to study in detail the partnership between kindergarten and family and to analyze the reasons why this partnership is not fully realized in order to facilitate better communication between these two parties. The paper is structured in 3 chapters as follows: In the first chapter, called "The family environment and its educational value", the paper deals with topics such as: family - a polysematic concept, family functions and educational styles in the family. In these second chapter, called "Kindergarten-family relationship, active and efficient partners in early education", the paper focuses on: the concept of educational partnership, collaboration between family and kindergarten - guarantee of school success, the opportunity of the educational partnership family-kindergarten, implementation of the family-kindergarten partnership and the importance of the kindergarten-family partnership in the formation and development of the personality of the preschool child. In the third chapter, which is the case study, “Comparison between the urban and rural areas, regarding the kindergarten-family partnership problem”, the paper focuses on the level of involvement of parents and teachers in the issue of their involvement in the education of children. I will also analyze the difference between rural and urban areas regarding the problem of partnership and the involvement of parents and educators. The family must always be involved in the education of the child at home and at school. The partnership between family and kindergarten represents a strong collaborative relationship, with the help of which we work in a team to establish the best methods of collaboration and education for the child. The kindergarten helps the child to develop psychically, physically and intellectually, leaving him with a bag of information that will help him in the future. Many may ask this question "What role does the family play in this process?". Well, the family gives the child the seven years at home, which are extremely important. Without the seven years at home, the educator cannot function as well as he or she would like. Without the help and involvement of the family in the relationship with the kindergarten, this process we call Partnership, would not exist. Also, in performing the processing and interpretation of the data from this research, the statistical method was used. After centralizing all the answers, I found the following facts: Parents are selective when it comes to their involvement in different activities within the kindergarten. The parents together with the teachers appreciate the importance of the partnership. In both urban and rural areas, we can say that there is openness and transparency when it comes to this partnership and between parents and teachers do not find communication problems.
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Karapetyan, Larisa. "Emotional-Personal Well-Being as a Predictor of Social Perception of Representative of Security Services." In The Public/Private in Modern Civilization, the 22nd Russian Scientific-Practical Conference (with international participation) (Yekaterinburg, April 16-17, 2020). Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Yekaterinburg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35853/ufh-public/private-2020-36.

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Objective: exploring the impact of emotional and personal well-being on the attitudes of security sector professionals towards other people, both those within their communication zone and those outside it. Methods: (1) Semantic differential technique (SD), where descriptors were represented by 24 personal qualities in terms of which the respondents were asked to evaluate two SD objects: people within their social circle, and those outside it; (2) Emotional-personal well-being self-evaluation technique (EPWBSE), where the respondents evaluate themselves in nine mono-scales. The research sample consisted of 2,229 people from different professional categories, including 298 representatives from the power block (98 people from the Russian Ministry of Defence (MoD) and 200 respondents from the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA)). Conclusions: It was found that representatives of the Ministry of Internal Affairs demonstrated more positive attitudes towards people from the communication sector, while representatives of the MoI showed more positive attitudes towards people in general. In the MIA sample, emotional-personal well-being is significantly higher and, at the same time, it is related to the dynamics of social perception: the higher the level of emotional-personal well-being, the more positively people in the communication zone are perceived, while the lower the SELB level, the more positively people, in general, are perceived. Trends in social perception in MD representatives can be preconditioned by other factors. Further to the conducted analysis, it is planned to study different-level determinants of social perception in representatives of different security services.
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Estevez-Lopez, F., F. M. Acosta, P. Acosta-Manzano, et al. "FRI0710-HPR Objective and subjective measures of physical functioning in women with fibromyalgia: what type of measure is associated most clearly with subjective well-being? the al-Ándalus project." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2018, Amsterdam, 13–16 June 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-eular.6370.

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Kim, Joon-Hyung, Him-Chan Lee, Joon-Yong Yoon, Kyoung-Yong Lee, Yong-Kab Lee, and Young-Seok Choi. "Multi Objective Optimization of a Multiphase Pump for Offshore Plants." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-21206.

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The crude oil produced from well contains a mixture of oil, gas and water. The existing pump system that uses a single phase pump requires a separator to separate the crude oil. Changing from a single phase pump to a multiphase pump significantly reduces costs because a multiphase pump does not require a separator. Therefore, most wells currently being developed apply the multiphase pump system. In this study, a multiphase pump was designed using a multi objective optimization technique. To conduct research, a base model was chosen and its performance was evaluated through numerical analysis. The design variables and variable ranges were set for the impeller and the diffuser. Based on the selected variables, experiment sets were produced. The experiment sets were also evaluated for their performance using numerical analysis. Based on the performance evaluation results of each experiment set, the optimization model for a multiphase pump was derived using Response Surface Method (RSM). In addition, each model’s performance for multiphase flow was also evaluated according to changes in Gas Volume Fraction (GVF) using multiphase numerical analysis. Furthermore, the internal flow characteristics of each model were analyzed.
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Abachizadeh, Mahdi, Masoud Shariatpanahi, Aghil Yousefi-Koma, and Ahmad Feiz Dizaji. "Multi-Objective Optimal Design of Hybrid Laminates Using Continuous Ant Colony Method." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24324.

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Hybrid laminated composites are gaining increasing popularity in applications where improved mechanical properties as well as reduced weight and cost are desired. However, the highly nonlinear nature of the governing equations and the combination of continuous and discrete design variables has rendered the problem a challenging one. This paper implements the nature-inspired method of continuous ant colony optimization (ACOR) for hybrid laminates comprising high-stiffness graphite/epoxy and low-stiffness glass/epoxy. The number of surface and core layers and their layouts (discrete) as well as the fiber angles in each layer (continuous) form the design variable set; whereas the composite’s fundamental frequency and cost (to be maximized and minimized, respectively) are taken as the objective functions. Comparison of the results with those reported in the literature having used standard discrete fiber angles and implemented methods such as the ant colony system (ACS) and GA, indicates a clear improvement in the values of the objective functions for the majority of the studied cases. It is nonetheless recommended that, for practical purposes, the closest standard fiber angles to the optimal values be adopted (a procedure generally being used but not proven to be optimal), as the corresponding deviations would be negligible.
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Reports on the topic "Objective well-being"

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Clark, Andrew E. Demography and well-being. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2021.deb02.

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Demography studies the characteristics of populations. One such characteristic is well-being: this was the subject of the 2019 Wittgenstein Conference. Here, I discuss how objective well-being domains can be summarised to produce an overall well-being score, and how taking self-reported (subjective) well-being into account may help in this effort. But given that there is more than one type of subjective well-being score, we would want to know which one is “best”. We would also need to decide whose well-being counts, or counts more than that of others. Finally, I briefly mention the potential role of adaptation and social comparisons in the calculation of societal well-being.
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Mushongera, Darlington, Prudence Kwenda, and Miracle Ntuli. An analysis of well-being in Gauteng province using the capability approach. Gauteng City-Region Observatory, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36634/2020.op.1.

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As countries across the globe pursue economic development, the improvement of individual and societal well-being has increasingly become an overarching goal. In the global South, in particular, high levels of poverty, inequality and deteriorating social fabrics remain significant challenges. Programmes and projects for addressing these challenges have had some, but limited, impact. This occasional paper analyses well-being in Gauteng province from a capability perspective, using a standard ‘capability approach’ consistent with Amartya Sen’s first conceptualisation, which was then operationalised by Martha Nussbaum. Earlier research on poverty and inequality in the Gauteng City-Region was mainly based on objective characteristics of well-being such as income, employment, housing and schooling. Using data from the Gauteng City-Region Observatory’s Quality of Life Survey IV for 2015/16, our capability approach provides a more holistic view of well-being by focusing on both objective and subjective aspects simultaneously. The results confirm the well-known heterogeneity in human conditions among South African demographic groups, namely that capability achievements vary across race, age, gender, income level and location. However, we observe broader (in both subjective and objective dimensions) levels of deprivation that are otherwise masked in the earlier studies. In light of these findings, the paper recommends that policies are directly targeted towards improving those capability indicators where historically disadvantaged and vulnerable groups show marked deprivation. In addition, given the spatial heterogeneities in capability achievements, we recommend localised interventions in capabilities that are lagging in certain areas of the province.
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Bittmann, Felix. Academic track mismatch and the temporal development of well-being and competences in German secondary education. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2021.res5.1.

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Formal education is one of the most influential predictors of professional success. As parents in Germany are aware of the importance of education, they often try to enable their children to enrol in the prestigious academic schooling track (Gymnasium). This explains why the transition recommendation made by the teacher after the fourth grade is sometimes ignored if the desired track was not recommended for a particular student. How the mismatch between the teacher’s recommendation and the parents’ choice of schooling for their child affects the child’s development is not sufficiently known. It is very likely that such a mismatch can have consequences for the child’s well-being, competences and overall academic success. Based on five consecutive panel waves of German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) data (waves 1 to 5, collected between 2010 and 2016) (n = 2;790 in wave 1), our analyses demonstrate that social background and the probability of ignoring a teacher’s recommendation are associated, and that highly educated parents are more likely to overrule the teacher’s recommendation. Panel regression models show that pupils who pursued the academic track (Gymnasium) despite the absence of a teacher’s recommendation were more likely to drop out of the academic schooling track, and were not able to catch up with their peers with respect to both objective and subjective academic competences over the entire observation window. However, the models also show that academic track mismatch did not seem to negatively influence the health and well-being of these pupils.
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Sadowski, Dieter. Board-Level Codetermination in Germany - The Importance and Economic Impact of Fiduciary Duties. Association Inter-University Centre Dubrovnik, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53099/ntkd4304.

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The empirical accounts of the costs and benefits of quasi-parity codetermined supervisory boards, a very special German institution, have long been inconclusive. A valid economic analysis of a particular legal regulation must take the legal specificities seriously, otherwise it will be easily lost in economic fictions of functional equivalence. At its core the corporate actor “supervisory board” has no a priori objective function to be maximised – the corner stone of the theory of the firm – but its objective function will only be brought about a posteriori – should negotiations result in an agreement (E. Fraenkel). With this understanding,the paper presents six recent quasi-experimental studies on the economic (dis) advantageousness of the German codetermination laws that try to follow the rules of causal inference despite the lack of random variation. By and large they refute the hold-up model of codetermination by showing positive or nonnegative effects even on shareholder wealth – and a far-reaching improvement of the well-being of the core workforce. In conclusion, indications are offered that the shareholder primacy movement has only weakened, but not dissolved the “Deutschland AG”.
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Chen, Chen, Peng Chen, Xia Liu, and Hua Li. Combined 5-Fluorouracil and Low Molecular Weight Heparin for the Prevention of Postoperative Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy in Patients with Retinal Detachment. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.8.0117.

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Review question / Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intraoperative infusion of combined 5-fluorouracil and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for the prevention of postoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy in patients with retinal detachment. Condition being studied: Postoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is the primary cause of failure of retinal reattachment surgery. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) inhibits the proliferation of fibroblasts, and suppresses collagen contraction. On the other hand, heparin reduces fibrin exudation, and inhibits the adhesion and migration of retinal pigment epithelial cells. We conduct this comprehensive literature search and meta-analysis to address whether intraoperative infusion of combined 5-FU and LWMH improves the primary success rate of pars plana vitrectomy, as well as reduces postoperative PVR. Our study aims to provide clinical evidence for retinal surgeons concerning their choice of intraoperative medication.
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Anderton, Gary, Ernest Berney, John Newman, Travis Mann, Chad Gartrell, and Daniel Miller. Joint Rapid Airfield Construction (JRAC) Program 2004 Demonstration Project--Fort Bragg, North Carolina. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40139.

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This report describes the demonstration of technologies and procedures developed during April 2002 and May 2004 under the Joint Rapid Airfield Construction (JRAC) Program. The demonstration took place at Sicily Landing Zone (LZ) at Fort Bragg, NC, in July of 2004. The objective of the exercise was to demonstrate the procedures and technologies developed under the JRAC Program by rapidly building two parking aprons capable of supporting C-130 transport aircraft taxiing and parking operations. The exercise was conducted under continuous 24-hr operations to simulate a real-world rapid construction environment. Apron 1 (north apron) was constructed using two technologies, one-half being ACE™ Matting and the other half being a cement-polymer stabilized soil surface. Apron 2 (south apron) was constructed solely of a fiber-cement-stabilized soil system. Both aprons were treated with a polymer emulsion surface application to form a sealed surface against abrasion and water infiltration. The entire construction of both aprons required 76 hr, with Apron 1 finished in 48 hr. The construction of Apron 1 was validated by operation of a C-130 aircraft approximately 31 hr after completion with success and high praises from the aircraft flight crew on the stability and surface of the apron, as well as its dust-abating characteristics.
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Dalay, Satinder, Kathleen Ferguson, Sally El-Ghazali, et al. Trainee Handbook 2021. Association of Anaesthetists, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21466/g.th2.2021.

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I am delighted to welcome you to the 13th edition of the Association of Anaesthetists’ Trainee Handbook. The main objective of the handbook is to offer trainees a comprehensive resource as you navigate your way through your career. A vast array of high-quality authors have been commissioned to write about their specialist field or area of knowledge. Whatever path you choose to take, I believe you will find useful sections within this handbook. Training within anaesthesia is constantly evolving. As I write this foreword, a new training curriculum is being implemented. To reflect the changes ahead, this handbook is not only fully interactive but also a live document. Thus, it will be updated at regular intervals to ensure information remains accurate and relevant. Although this handbook is designed for you to dip in and out of, I strongly encourage you to read the chapters about taking care of yourself. Training is a challenging time, but here at the Association of Anaesthetists we are dedicated to supporting our trainee members. I would like to personally thank all the authors who contributed to this handbook. A special mention of thanks to my fellow Trainee Committee members, Sally El-Ghazali and Rhys Clyburn, as well as the countless Association staff who have made this publication possible. I welcome any feedback you may have, therefore please feel free to contact the Trainee Committee via email trainees@anaesthetists.org or Twitter @Anaes_Trainees Finally, good luck in your career – I hope this handbook helps you along the way! Satinder Dalay Elected Member, Association of Anaesthetists Trainee Co
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Saldanha, Ian J., Wangnan Cao, Justin M. Broyles, et al. Breast Reconstruction After Mastectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer245.

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Objectives. This systematic review evaluates breast reconstruction options for women after mastectomy for breast cancer (or breast cancer prophylaxis). We addressed six Key Questions (KQs): (1) implant-based reconstruction (IBR) versus autologous reconstruction (AR), (2) timing of IBR and AR in relation to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, (3) comparisons of implant materials, (4) comparisons of anatomic planes for IBR, (5) use versus nonuse of human acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) during IBR, and (6) comparisons of AR flap types. Data sources and review methods. We searched Medline®, Embase®, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL®, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to March 23, 2021, to identify comparative and single group studies. We extracted study data into the Systematic Review Data Repository Plus (SRDR+). We assessed the risk of bias and evaluated the strength of evidence (SoE) using standard methods. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration number CRD42020193183). Results. We found 8 randomized controlled trials, 83 nonrandomized comparative studies, and 69 single group studies. Risk of bias was moderate to high for most studies. KQ1: Compared with IBR, AR is probably associated with clinically better patient satisfaction with breasts and sexual well-being but comparable general quality of life and psychosocial well-being (moderate SoE, all outcomes). AR probably poses a greater risk of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (moderate SoE), but IBR probably poses a greater risk of reconstructive failure in the long term (1.5 to 4 years) (moderate SoE) and may pose a greater risk of breast seroma (low SoE). KQ 2: Conducting IBR either before or after radiation therapy may result in comparable physical well-being, psychosocial well-being, sexual well-being, and patient satisfaction with breasts (all low SoE), and probably results in comparable risks of implant failure/loss or need for explant surgery (moderate SoE). We found no evidence addressing timing of IBR or AR in relation to chemotherapy or timing of AR in relation to radiation therapy. KQ 3: Silicone and saline implants may result in clinically comparable patient satisfaction with breasts (low SoE). There is insufficient evidence regarding double lumen implants. KQ 4: Whether the implant is placed in the prepectoral or total submuscular plane may not be associated with risk of infections that are not explicitly implant related (low SoE). There is insufficient evidence addressing the comparisons between prepectoral and partial submuscular and between partial and total submuscular planes. KQ 5: The evidence is inconsistent regarding whether human ADM use during IBR impacts physical well-being, psychosocial well-being, or satisfaction with breasts. However, ADM use probably increases the risk of implant failure/loss or need for explant surgery (moderate SoE) and may increase the risk of infections not explicitly implant related (low SoE). Whether or not ADM is used probably is associated with comparable risks of seroma and unplanned repeat surgeries for revision (moderate SoE for both), and possibly necrosis (low SoE). KQ 6: AR with either transverse rectus abdominis (TRAM) or deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps may result in comparable patient satisfaction with breasts (low SoE), but TRAM flaps probably increase the risk of harms to the area of flap harvest (moderate SoE). AR with either DIEP or latissimus dorsi flaps may result in comparable patient satisfaction with breasts (low SoE), but there is insufficient evidence regarding thromboembolic events and no evidence regarding other surgical complications. Conclusion. Evidence regarding surgical breast reconstruction options is largely insufficient or of only low or moderate SoE. New high-quality research is needed, especially for timing of IBR and AR in relation to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, for comparisons of implant materials, and for comparisons of anatomic planes of implant placement.
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Ng, Shu Wen, Thomas Hoerger, and Rachel Nugent. Preventing Non-communicable Diseases Using Pricing Policies: Lessons for the United States from Global Experiences and Local Pilots. RTI Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.pb.0025.2105.

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Preventing non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in an effective and sustainable way will require forward-looking policy solutions that can address multiple objectives. This was true pre–COVID-19 and is even more true now. There are already examples from across the globe and within the United States that show how these may be possible. Although there are still many unknowns around how the design, targeting, level, sequencing, integration, and implementation of fiscal policies together can maximize their NCD prevention potential, there is already clear evidence that health taxes and particularly sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes are cost-effective. Nonetheless, policies alone may not succeed. Political will to prioritize well-being, protections against industry interference, and public buy-in are necessary. If those elements align, pricing policies that consider the context in question can be designed and implemented to achieve several goals around reducing consumption of unhealthy SSBs and foods, narrowing existing nutritional and health disparities, encouraging economic and social development. The US and its local and state jurisdictions should consider these pricing policy issues and their contexts carefully, in collaboration with community partners and researchers, to design multi-duty actions and to be prepared for future windows of opportunities to open for policy passage and implementation.
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Scoular, Claire, and Ian Teo. Developing strategic plans for an aligned approach to 21st century skills integration. Australian Council for Educational Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-626-0.

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This report describes an online course developed to support education systems to build an aligned and sustainable approach to integration of 21st Century Skills (21CS). 21CS are those skills that are considered particularly important to succeed in today’s knowledge-based society in which innovation and technology are predominant. Prominent examples include critical thinking, creative thinking, and collaboration, and such skills need to be better understood in order for them to be integrated. While different countries may have their own frameworks or priorities surrounding 21CS, a consistent approach to integration can still be achieved with a shared understanding from all stakeholders within the system. The course objectives focused on supporting countries to develop a strategic plan for 21CS integration, providing resources to aid that plan, and building capacity to implement the plan. The specific learning objectives were to: Understand components and steps leading to 21CS alignment; Conduct a needs analysis, identifying which steps are currently being met, and which steps need more attention; Develop a strategic plan, identifying which steps are to be prioritized and in which order; Gain insights from other education systems from reflections on successful developments and lessons learned; and Engage in discussion within education systems and with other countries about the emerging area of skills integration, as well as identify future directions. Course participants joined from across 16 Asia Pacific countries and from the Education Quality and Assessment Programme for the Pacific Community (EQAP). The course comprised of eight modules that were spread over three weeks, with content hosted online through the Moodle platform.Each module consisted of pre-recorded video content (30-60 minutes) and team and/or individual activities. The modules were supported by three live sessions that allowed participants to ask questions and share reflections in real time. The course concluded with a webinar that consisted of presentations that were delivered by one member from each Core Strategy Team who shared their team’s strategic plan and reflections from this course.
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