Academic literature on the topic 'Oblast state archives'

The study of various aspects of interaction between society and nature at the present time is not only of interest to ecologists, but also for specialists in the field of Humanities, particularly historians. This article discusses the history of formation and development of a regional system of management of nature protection in the Middle and Lower Volga region. The author describes main issues related to the state forest Fund of the region in 1918-1950-s and the measures taken by the Executive committees of local Soviets at various levels to address their consequences. The main directions of environmental activities of local governments are considered: protection of forests against fire, theft and infestations of pests, the creation of protected areas, to combat poaching, the accomplishment and gardening of settlements. The sources for the preparation of the article were, basically, documents of regional archives of the Central state archive of Samara region, the State archive of Ulyanovsk region, the State archive of Penza region, the State archive of Saratov region, the National archives of the Republic of Tatarstan, Samara oblast state archive of socio-political history, as well as materials of local periodicals. A significant number of archival documents are for the first time introduced into scientific circulation, which is the scientific novelty of the research.

The presented text concerns the source material describing the internal security of Galicia, here referred to as Małopolska. The document comes from the collection of the State Archives of Lviv Oblast in Ukraine – the collection of the Provincial Office in Lviv. This is a monthly report of the State Police Headquarters in Małopolska for January 1920.

В статье рассматриваются становление и развитие системы региональных архивных учреждений в 1918–1991 гг. На базе методологии исторического институционализма (historical institutionalism) последовательно анализируются государственная политика, законодательная и нормативная база, организационная структура и основные направления деятельности архивных учреждений. История архивной службы Среднего Урала представляется типичной схемой развития регионального архивного управления в стране. На значительном архивном материале показано, что эволюция архивной отрасли в Советском Союзе прошла ряд этапов, специфика которых заключалась в изменении государственных интересов, информационных потребностей общества и технологического развития. Исследование опирается на материалы Государственного архива Свердловской области. The present article examines the problem of managing archival institutions and archival information resources in the Soviet society using the example of an analysis of the work of the archival service of the Sverdlovsk Oblast, which celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2019. In September 1919, the Archival Department of the Yekaterinburg Governorate was formed (the Governorate was created in July of the same year). In 1923–1934, the Ural Oblast was formed in the territory of the former Perm Governorate. The Sverdlovsk Oblast appeared in 1934 as a result of the dissolution of the Ural Oblast, consisting of 60 districts. The purpose of this work is to analyze the main stages in the development of the regional archival management system in the USSR. The evolution of archival bodies is considered by the example of regional archival structures located in the territory of the Middle Urals and successively replacing each other – the Yekaterinburg Governorate (1919–1923), the Ural Oblast (1923–1934) and the Sverdlovsk Oblast (1934–1991). The system of state archives management was established at the stage of creation of the Soviet state during the socio-political transformations of 1917–1920. It is possible to distinguish three consecutive stages of system evolution; within each stage, its own model for managing archival information is formed. The description of the model includes characteristics of government policy, legislative framework, organizational structure and priorities in the activities of archives. The first stage (1918–1938) coincided with the period of formation of Soviet statehood and experiments in the field of archival construction. For the Middle Urals, this stage was marked by serious administrative and territorial transformations, which influenced the structure of the archival network of the entire region. The second stage (1939–1960) was characterized by over-centralization of the entire state organism, which significantly influenced the structure of archival fonds and the practice of their use. During this period, the archival service of the Sverdlovsk Oblast was reorganized and aimed at prioritizing provision for information needs of government agencies. The third stage (1961–1991) is distinguished by the stable and progressive development of the archival system and archival science. It was during this period that the most intensive work of archival institutions in the Middle Urals occurred. In conclusion, the article highlights the problems and contradictions in the development of the archival industry in the USSR in 1918–1991.

In the late 1940s–1950s, thousands of labor migrants arrived in Molotov Oblast of the USSR to work in the local timber industry. This process became part of a broad government campaign to redistribute labor within the country. However, the resettlement was voluntary, which inevitably led to extensive campaigns to attract personnel. For Molotov Oblast, the “donor” regions were Kaluga and Gorky Oblasts of the RSFSR, the Chuvash and Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics, as well as a number of regions of the Byelorussian SSR. Therefore, the campaign, carried out by regional and district authorities, was primarily aimed at residents of these regions. The aim of the study is to analyze the factors influencing their choice to migrate. The article is based on a wide range of sources, which include materials from three archives (State Archive of Perm Krai, Perm State Archive of Social and Political History, and Komi-Permyak District State Archive) – decisions, protocols, memos and other office documents – that shed light on the progress of the resettlement campaign. The second group of sources is materials from periodicals, in particular, the newspaper Lesnik Prikamya [Forester of the Kama Region], the official press organ of the Molotovles plant. The third group of sources is propaganda materials on the topic of resettlement, published in Molotov Oblast in the 1950s. These materials allow us not only to draw a conclusion about the approximate number of migrants who arrived in Molotov Oblast, the scale of return migration, and the progress of improvement of forest settlements, but also to identify a number of factors that had the greatest influence on the resettlement process. First of all, this is an opportunity to improve the financial situation of the family, which was achieved both by direct benefits (payments, loans, etc.) and by high earnings at a new place of work. Secondly, although the general progress of improvement in places of resettlement did not keep pace with the development of the industry, potential migrants were not informed about this, expecting comfortable conditions for work, life and leisure. Thirdly, based on propaganda materials, we can conclude that an additional motive for resettlement could have been the desire to help the homeland: patriotic motives in the postwar period continued to play an important role in public life. Finally, we can highlight the “adventure” component of migration: the mysterious forest region from Pavel Bazhovs fairy tales, rich in “green gold”, attracted migrants from central Russia, although this could hardly serve as the main motive. The action of all of these factors was impossible without active agitation and propaganda in places where migrants were recruited; therefore, the mid-1950s in the USSR saw the peak of agitation campaigns aimed at potential migrants.