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Journal articles on the topic 'Obligate intracellular bacteria'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Otten, Christian, Matteo Brilli, Waldemar Vollmer, Patrick H. Viollier, and Jeanne Salje. "Peptidoglycan in obligate intracellular bacteria." Molecular Microbiology 107, no. 2 (2017): 142–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mmi.13880.

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McOrist, Steven. "Obligate intracellular bacteria and antibiotic resistance." Trends in Microbiology 8, no. 11 (2000): 483–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0966-842x(00)01854-0.

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3

Raoult, Didier. "Antimicrobial activity against obligate intracellular bacteria." Trends in Microbiology 9, no. 1 (2001): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0966-842x(00)01861-8.

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Bordenstein, Seth R., and William S. Reznikoff. "Mobile DNA in obligate intracellular bacteria." Nature Reviews Microbiology 3, no. 9 (2005): 688–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro1233.

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McClure, Erin E., Adela S. Oliva Chávez, Dana K. Shaw, et al. "Engineering of obligate intracellular bacteria: progress, challenges and paradigms." Nature Reviews Microbiology 15, no. 9 (2017): 544–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2017.59.

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Boichenko, M. N., E. O. Kravtsova, and V. V. Zverev. "Mechanism of intracellular bacterial parasitism." Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology, no. 5 (November 21, 2019): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2019-5-61-72.

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Algorithm of intracellular bacterial parasitism does not depend on if bacterium is obligate or facultative intracellular parasite. Depending on replicative niche’s localization intracellular bacterial parasites are divided onto cellular and vacuolated. Rickettsia spp., Shigella spp., Chlamydia spp. and Listeria monocytogenes use cell’s machinery of actin polymerization during process of their intracellular parasitism. These bacteria possess some of effector’s proteins which contain domains identical to effector proteins from the host cell. Shigella spp. T3SS and autotransporter protein IscA pr

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Hooppaw, Anna J., and Derek J. Fisher. "A Coming of Age Story: Chlamydia in the Post-Genetic Era." Infection and Immunity 84, no. 3 (2015): 612–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01186-15.

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Chlamydiaspp. are ubiquitous, obligate, intracellular Gram-negative bacterial pathogens that undergo a unique biphasic developmental cycle transitioning between the infectious, extracellular elementary body and the replicative, intracellular reticulate body. The primaryChlamydiaspecies associated with human disease areC. trachomatis, which is the leading cause of both reportable bacterial sexually transmitted infections and preventable blindness, andC. pneumoniae, which infects the respiratory tract and is associated with cardiovascular disease. Collectively, these pathogens are a significant

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Zientz, Evelyn, Thomas Dandekar, and Roy Gross. "Metabolic Interdependence of Obligate Intracellular Bacteria and Their Insect Hosts." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 68, no. 4 (2004): 745–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.68.4.745-770.2004.

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SUMMARY Mutualistic associations of obligate intracellular bacteria and insects have attracted much interest in the past few years due to the evolutionary consequences for their genome structure. However, much less attention has been paid to the metabolic ramifications for these endosymbiotic microorganisms, which have to compete with but also to adapt to another metabolism—that of the host cell. This review attempts to provide insights into the complex physiological interactions and the evolution of metabolic pathways of several mutualistic bacteria of aphids, ants, and tsetse flies and their

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Martinson, Vincent G., Ryan M. R. Gawryluk, Brent E. Gowen, Caitlin I. Curtis, John Jaenike, and Steve J. Perlman. "Multiple origins of obligate nematode and insect symbionts by a clade of bacteria closely related to plant pathogens." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 50 (2020): 31979–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2000860117.

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Obligate symbioses involving intracellular bacteria have transformed eukaryotic life, from providing aerobic respiration and photosynthesis to enabling colonization of previously inaccessible niches, such as feeding on xylem and phloem, and surviving in deep-sea hydrothermal vents. A major challenge in the study of obligate symbioses is to understand how they arise. Because the best studied obligate symbioses are ancient, it is especially challenging to identify early or intermediate stages. Here we report the discovery of a nascent obligate symbiosis in Howardula aoronymphium, a well-studied

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Libbing, Cassandra L., Adam R. McDevitt, Rea-Mae P. Azcueta, Ahila Ahila, and Minal Mulye. "Lipid Droplets: A Significant but Understudied Contributor of Host–Bacterial Interactions." Cells 8, no. 4 (2019): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8040354.

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Lipid droplets (LDs) are cytosolic lipid storage organelles that are important for cellular lipid metabolism, energy homeostasis, cell signaling, and inflammation. Several bacterial, viral and protozoal pathogens exploit host LDs to promote infection, thus emphasizing the importance of LDs at the host–pathogen interface. In this review, we discuss the thus far reported relation between host LDs and bacterial pathogens including obligate and facultative intracellular bacteria, and extracellular bacteria. Although there is less evidence for a LD–extracellular bacterial interaction compared to in

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Henríquez, Vitalia, María Verónica Rojas, and Sergio H. Marshall. "An Alternative Efficient Procedure for Purification of the Obligate Intracellular Fish Bacterial Pathogen Piscirickettsia salmonis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 10 (2003): 6268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.10.6268-6271.2003.

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ABSTRACT Piscirickettsia salmonis is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen of salmonid fish and the etiological agent of the aggressive disease salmonid rickettsial syndrome. Today, this disease, also known as piscirickettsiosis, is the cause of high mortality in net pen-reared salmonids in southern Chile. Although the bacteria can be grown in tissue culture cells, genetic analysis of the organism has been hindered because of the difficulty in obtaining P. salmonis DNA free from contaminating host cell DNA. In this report, we describe a novel procedure to purify in vitro-grown bacteria

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Drevets, Douglas A., Pieter J. M. Leenen, and Ronald A. Greenfield. "Invasion of the Central Nervous System by Intracellular Bacteria." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 17, no. 2 (2004): 323–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.17.2.323-347.2004.

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SUMMARY Infection of the central nervous system (CNS) is a severe and frequently fatal event during the course of many diseases caused by microbes with predominantly intracellular life cycles. Examples of these include the facultative intracellular bacteria Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Brucella and Salmonella spp. and obligate intracellular microbes of the Rickettsiaceae family and Tropheryma whipplei. Unfortunately, the mechanisms used by intracellular bacterial pathogens to enter the CNS are less well known than those used by bacterial pathogens with an extracellul

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Ogawa, Motohiko, Mamoru Takahashi, Minenosuke Matsutani, Nobuhiro Takada, Shinichi Noda, and Masayuki Saijo. "Obligate intracellular bacteria diversity in unfed Leptotrombidium scutellare larvae highlights novel bacterial endosymbionts of mites." Microbiology and Immunology 64, no. 1 (2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1348-0421.12745.

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Nováková, Eva, Filip Husník, Eva Šochová, and Václav Hypša. "Arsenophonus and Sodalis Symbionts in Louse Flies: an Analogy to the Wigglesworthia and Sodalis System in Tsetse Flies." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 18 (2015): 6189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01487-15.

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ABSTRACTSymbiosis between insects and bacteria result in a variety of arrangements, genomic modifications, and metabolic interconnections. Here, we present genomic, phylogenetic, and morphological characteristics of a symbiotic system associated withMelophagus ovinus, a member of the blood-feeding family Hippoboscidae. The system comprises four unrelated bacteria representing different stages in symbiosis evolution, from typical obligate mutualists inhabiting bacteriomes to freely associated commensals and parasites. Interestingly, the whole system provides a remarkable analogy to the associat

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Chafee, M. E., D. J. Funk, R. G. Harrison, and S. R. Bordenstein. "Lateral Phage Transfer in Obligate Intracellular Bacteria (Wolbachia): Verification from Natural Populations." Molecular Biology and Evolution 27, no. 3 (2009): 501–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msp275.

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Kent, Bethany N., Lisa J. Funkhouser, Shefali Setia, and Seth R. Bordenstein. "Evolutionary Genomics of a Temperate Bacteriophage in an Obligate Intracellular Bacteria (Wolbachia)." PLoS ONE 6, no. 9 (2011): e24984. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0024984.

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Winslow, Gary M., Eric Yager, Konstantin Shilo, Erin Volk, Andrew Reilly, and Frederick K. Chu. "Antibody-Mediated Elimination of the Obligate Intracellular Bacterial Pathogen Ehrlichia chaffeensisduring Active Infection." Infection and Immunity 68, no. 4 (2000): 2187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.4.2187-2195.2000.

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ABSTRACT It is generally accepted that cellular, but not humoral immunity, plays an important role in host defense against intracellular bacteria. However, studies of some of these pathogens have provided evidence that antibodies can provide immunity if present during the initiation of infection. Here, we examined immunity against infection byEhrlichia chaffeensis, an obligate intracellular bacterium that causes human monocytic ehrlichiosis. Studies with mice have demonstrated that immunocompetent strains are resistant to persistent infection but that SCID mice become persistently and fatally

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Schmitz-Esser, Stephan, Ilka Haferkamp, Silvia Knab, et al. "Lawsonia intracellularis Contains a Gene Encoding a Functional Rickettsia-Like ATP/ADP Translocase for Host Exploitation." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 17 (2008): 5746–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00391-08.

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ABSTRACT ATP/ADP translocases are a hallmark of obligate intracellular pathogens related to chlamydiae and rickettsiae. These proteins catalyze the highly specific exchange of bacterial ADP against host ATP and thus allow bacteria to exploit their hosts' energy pool, a process also referred to as energy parasitism. The genome sequence of the obligate intracellular pathogen Lawsonia intracellularis (Deltaproteobacteria), responsible for one of the most economically important diseases in the swine industry worldwide, revealed the presence of a putative ATP/ADP translocase most similar to known A

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Blanc, G., H. Ogata, C. Robert, S. Audic, J. M. Claverie, and D. Raoult. "Lateral gene transfer between obligate intracellular bacteria: Evidence from the Rickettsia massiliae genome." Genome Research 17, no. 11 (2007): 1657–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.6742107.

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Fan, H., R. C. Brunham, and G. McClarty. "Acquisition and synthesis of folates by obligate intracellular bacteria of the genus Chlamydia." Journal of Clinical Investigation 90, no. 5 (1992): 1803–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/jci116055.

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21

Sloan, Daniel B., and Nancy A. Moran. "Endosymbiotic bacteria as a source of carotenoids in whiteflies." Biology Letters 8, no. 6 (2012): 986–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0664.

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Although carotenoids serve important biological functions, animals are generally unable to synthesize these pigments and instead obtain them from food. However, many animals, such as sap-feeding insects, may have limited access to carotenoids in their diet, and it was recently shown that aphids have acquired the ability to produce carotenoids by lateral transfer of fungal genes. Whiteflies also contain carotenoids but show no evidence of the fungus-derived genes found in aphids. Because many sap-feeding insects harbour intracellular bacteria, it has long been hypothesized that these endosymbio

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N. Tabrizi, Sepehr. "Diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis using self-collected non-invasive specimens ? the Australian experience." Microbiology Australia 28, no. 1 (2007): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma07010.

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Chlamydia trachomatis are small, non-motile, obligate intracellular bacteria that typically infect human eukaryotic columnar epithelial cells. C. trachomatis infections result in a number of diseases of worldwide public health concern, including trachoma, lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) and urogenital infections. Chlamydia is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial pathogen worldwide and in Australia has exhibited a steady rise in prevalence 1. National notification rates of newly diagnosed chlamydia infections have increased nearly four-fold since 1994 and more than doubled since 1999.

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Kuechler, Stefan Martin, Konrad Dettner, and Siegfried Kehl. "Characterization of an Obligate Intracellular Bacterium in the Midgut Epithelium of the Bulrush Bug Chilacis typhae (Heteroptera, Lygaeidae, Artheneinae)." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 9 (2011): 2869–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02983-10.

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ABSTRACTMany members of the suborder Heteroptera have symbiotic bacteria, which are usually found extracellularly in specific sacs or tubular outgrowths of the midgut or intracellularly in mycetomes. In this study, we describe the second molecular characterization of a symbiotic bacterium in a monophagous, seed-sucking stink bug of the family Lygaeidae (sensu stricto).Chilacis typhaepossesses at the end of the first section of the midgut a structure which is composed of circularly arranged, strongly enlarged midgut epithelial cells. It is filled with an intracellular endosymbiont. This “myceto

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Ardissone, Silvia, Aurélie Scherler, Trestan Pillonel, Virginie Martin, Carole Kebbi-Beghdadi, and Gilbert Greub. "Transcriptional Landscape of Waddlia chondrophila Aberrant Bodies Induced by Iron Starvation." Microorganisms 8, no. 12 (2020): 1848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8121848.

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Chronic infections caused by obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the Chlamydiales order are related to the formation of persistent developmental forms called aberrant bodies (ABs), which undergo DNA replication without cell division. These enlarged bacteria develop and persist upon exposure to different stressful conditions such as β-lactam antibiotics, iron deprivation and interferon-γ. However, the mechanisms behind ABs biogenesis remain uncharted. Using an RNA-sequencing approach, we compared the transcriptional profile of ABs induced by iron starvation to untreated bacteria in the

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Rymaszewska, A., and S. Grenda. "Bacteria of the genus Anaplasma – characteristics of Anaplasma and their vectors: a review." Veterinární Medicína 53, No. 11 (2008): 573–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1861-vetmed.

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Over recent years, there has been a growing interest in bacteria from the genus <I>Anaplasma</I>, especially the species <I>A. marginale, A. ovis</I> and <I>A. phagocytophilum</I>. It is connected with the pathogenic activity of these bacteria in farm animals, and also, though to a lesser degree, in humans. Anaplasmosis, a disease caused by various species of anaplasma, is an especially important issue for animal breeders. The main vectors of the <I>Anaplasma</I> bacteria are ticks, common arachnida occurring everywhere in the world, especially t

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Husnik, Filip, Vaclav Hypsa, and Alistair Darby. "Insect—Symbiont Gene Expression in the Midgut Bacteriocytes of a Blood-Sucking Parasite." Genome Biology and Evolution 12, no. 4 (2020): 429–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaa032.

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Abstract Animals interact with a diverse array of both beneficial and detrimental microorganisms. In insects, these symbioses in many cases allow feeding on nutritionally unbalanced diets. It is, however, still not clear how are obligate symbioses maintained at the cellular level for up to several hundred million years. Exact mechanisms driving host–symbiont interactions are only understood for a handful of model species and data on blood-feeding hosts with intracellular bacteria are particularly scarce. Here, we analyzed interactions between an obligately blood-sucking parasite of sheep, the

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Korhonen, Juha T., Mirja Puolakkainen, Reetta Häivälä, et al. "Flotillin-1 (Reggie-2) Contributes to Chlamydia pneumoniae Growth and Is Associated with Bacterial Inclusion." Infection and Immunity 80, no. 3 (2012): 1072–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.05528-11.

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Chlamydiaeare obligate intracellular pathogens replicating only inside the eukaryotic host. Here, we studied the effect of human flotillin-1 protein onChlamydia pneumoniaegrowth in human line (HL) and A549 epithelial cell lines. RNA interference was applied to disrupt flotillin-1-mediated endocytosis. Host-associated bacteria were detected by quantitative PCR, andC. pneumoniaegrowth was evaluated by inclusion counts.C. pneumoniaeattachment to host cells was unaffected, but bacterial intracellular growth was attenuated in the flotillin-1-silenced cells. By using confocal microscopy, we detected

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Wu, Jinyu, Tonghai Yu, Qiyu Bao, and Fangqing Zhao. "Evidence of Extensive Homologous Recombination in the Core Genome ofRickettsia." Comparative and Functional Genomics 2009 (2009): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/510270.

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The important role of homologous recombination has been extensively demonstrated to be fundamental for genetic variation in bacterial genomes. In contrast to extracellular or facultative intracellular bacteria, obligate intracellular bacteria are considered to be less prone to recombination, especially for their core genomes. InRickettsia, only antigen-related genes were identified to have experienced homologous recombination. In this study, we employed evolutionary genomic approaches to investigate the impact of recombination on the core genome ofRickettsia. Phylogenetic network and phylogene

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Willems, H., Cornelie Jäger, and Georg Baljer. "Physical and Genetic Map of the Obligate Intracellular Bacterium Coxiella burnetii." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 15 (1998): 3816–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.15.3816-3822.1998.

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ABSTRACT Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and PCR techniques have been used to construct a NotI macrorestriction map of the obligate intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii Nine Mile. The size of the chromosome has been determined to be 2,103 kb comprising 29NotI restriction fragments. The average resolution is 72.5 kb, or about 3.5% of the genome. Experimental data support the presence of a linear chromosome. Published genes were localized on the physical map by Southern hybridization. One gene, recognized as transposable element, was found to be present in at least nine sites evenly distri

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Орлова, Светлана, Svetlana Orlova, Александр Сидорчук, Aleksandr Sidorchuk, Татьяна Гребенникова, and Tat'yana Grebennikova. "Cultivation of mycoplasmas ― a retrospective and prospects." Russian veterinary journal 2018, no. 5 (2018): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32416/article_5d1caf6645a4b1.87344381.

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Isolation and identification of mycoplasmas from different species of domestic animals have recently become increasingly important. This prompted us to carry out research work to simplify the methods of sampling, cultivation, cloning, and storage of mycoplasmas living on the mucous membranes of dogs and cats. However, the unique properties of these bacteria, actually occupying an intermediate position between extracellular and intracellular parasites, often lead to confusion and misunderstanding. Indeed, even highly qualified veterinarians often have the wrong judgment that mycoplasmas are obl

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Binet, Rachel, Anne K. Bowlin, Anthony T. Maurelli, and Roger G. Rank. "Impact of Azithromycin Resistance Mutations on the Virulence and Fitness of Chlamydia caviae in Guinea Pigs." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 54, no. 3 (2010): 1094–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01321-09.

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ABSTRACT Azithromycin (AZM) is a major drug used in the treatment and prophylaxis of infections caused by Chlamydia, yet no significant clinical resistance has been reported for these obligate intracellular bacteria. Nevertheless, spontaneous AZM resistance (Azmr) arose in vitro at frequencies ranging from 3 × 10−8 to 8 × 10−10 for clonal isolates of Chlamydia caviae, which is a natural pathogen of guinea pigs. Sequencing of the unique 23S rRNA gene copy in 44 independent Azmr isolates identified single mutations at position A2058 or A2059 (Escherichia coli numbering system). While SP6AZ1 (A20

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Wang, Xiaozhu, Xiao Xiong, Wenqi Cao, Chao Zhang, John H. Werren, and Xu Wang. "Genome Assembly of the A-Group Wolbachia in Nasonia oneida Using Linked-Reads Technology." Genome Biology and Evolution 11, no. 10 (2019): 3008–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz223.

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Abstract Wolbachia are obligate intracellular bacteria which commonly infect various nematode and arthropod species. Genome sequences have been generated from arthropod samples following enrichment for the intracellular bacteria, and genomes have also been assembled from arthropod whole-genome sequencing projects. However, these methods remain challenging for infections that occur at low titers in hosts. Here we report the first Wolbachia genome assembled from host sequences using 10× Genomics linked-reads technology. The high read depth attainable by this method allows for recovery of intrace

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Ko, Youngho, Ji-Hye Choi, Na-Young Ha, Ik-Sang Kim, Nam-Hyuk Cho, and Myung-Sik Choi. "Active Escape of Orientia tsutsugamushi from Cellular Autophagy." Infection and Immunity 81, no. 2 (2012): 552–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00861-12.

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ABSTRACTOrientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus, is an obligate intracellular pathogen. After entry into host cells, the bacterium rapidly escapes from the endosomal pathway and replicates in the cytosol of eukaryotic host cells. Here we show thatO. tsutsugamushiinfection efficiently promotes cellular autophagy, a cell-autonomous defense mechanism of innate immunity. However, most of the internalized bacteria barely colocalized with the induced autophagosomes, even when stimulated with rapamycin, a chemical inducer of autophagy. Treatment of infected cells with tetracycline

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Hess, Sebastian, Andreas Suthaus, and Michael Melkonian. "“Candidatus Finniella” (Rickettsiales, Alphaproteobacteria), Novel Endosymbionts of Viridiraptorid Amoeboflagellates (Cercozoa, Rhizaria)." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 2 (2015): 659–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02680-15.

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ABSTRACTTheRickettsiales(Alphaproteobacteria) are obligate intracellular bacteria that colonize a wide range of eukaryotic hosts, including diverse metazoa and protists. Here, we characterize rickettsial endosymbionts discovered in the cytoplasm of the algivorous amoeboflagellatesViridiraptor invadensandOrciraptor agilis(Viridiraptoridae, Cercozoa, Rhizaria), supplying evidence of free-living, phagotrophic members of the Cercozoa serving as hosts forRickettsiales. According to 16S rRNA gene phylogenies, the bacteria represent two closely related but distinct genotypes within a deep-branching r

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Douglas, Angela E., and John A. Raven. "Genomes at the interface between bacteria and organelles." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 358, no. 1429 (2003): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2002.1188.

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The topic of the transition of the genome of a free–living bacterial organism to that of an organelle is addressed by considering three cases. Two of these are relatively clear–cut as involving respectively organisms (cyanobacteria) and organelles (plastids). Cyanobacteria are usually free–living but some are involved in symbioses with a range of eukaryotes in which the cyanobacterial partner contributes photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, or both of these. In several of these symbioses the cyanobacterium is vertically transmitted, and in a few instances, sufficient unsuccessful attempts have b

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Nicholson, Tracy L., Karen Chiu, and Richard S. Stephens. "Chlamydia trachomatis Lacks an Adaptive Response to Changes in Carbon Source Availability." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 7 (2004): 4286–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.7.4286-4289.2004.

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ABSTRACT Most bacteria coordinately regulate gene expression as an adaptive response to a variety of environmental changes. One key environmental cue is the carbon source necessary for central metabolism. We used microarray analysis to monitor the global transcriptional response of the obligate intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis to the presence of glycolytic and gluconeogenic carbon sources. In contrast to free-living bacteria, changing the carbon source from glucose to glutamate or α-ketoglutarate had little effect on the global gene transcription of C. trachomatis.

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Lukic, Ruzica, Bojana Lukovic, Nevena Gajovic, Slava Prljic, and Slobodanka Djukic. "Mechanisms of Intracellular Chlamydiae Survival." Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research 17, no. 2 (2016): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjecr-2016-0010.

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AbstractChlamydiae are Gram-negative, non-motile, obligate intracellular, and spherically shaped bacteria with a diameter of 0.2-1.5 μm. Chlamydiae are present in several different morphological forms: the elementary body, the reticular body, and in the last several years, there has been the observation of a third form known as the persistent or atypical form. The intracellular localization of Chlamydia provides a unique replication cycle that occurs inside a membrane-surrounded vacuole in the host cell cytoplasm and is significantly different from the method of multiplication of other microor

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Stepkowski, T., and A. B. Legocki. "Reduction of bacterial genome size and expansion resulting from obligate intracellular lifestyle and adaptation to soil habitat." Acta Biochimica Polonica 48, no. 2 (2001): 367–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2001_3922.

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Prokaryotic organisms are exposed in the course of evolution to various impacts, resulting often in drastic changes of their genome size. Depending on circumstances, the same lineage may diverge into species having substantially reduced genomes, or such whose genomes have undergone considerable enlargement. Genome reduction is a consequence of obligate intracellular lifestyle rendering numerous genes expendable. Another consequence of intracellular lifestyle is reduction of effective population size and limited possibility of gene acquirement via lateral transfer. This causes a state of relaxe

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Dille, Stephanie, Eva-Maria Kleinschnitz, Collins Waguia Kontchou, Thilo Nölke, and Georg Häcker. "In Contrast to Chlamydia trachomatis, Waddlia chondrophila Grows in Human Cells without Inhibiting Apoptosis, Fragmenting the Golgi Apparatus, or Diverting Post-Golgi Sphingomyelin Transport." Infection and Immunity 83, no. 8 (2015): 3268–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00322-15.

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TheChlamydialesare an order of obligate intracellular bacteria sharing a developmental cycle inside a cytosolic vacuole, with very diverse natural hosts, from amoebae to mammals. The clinically most important species isChlamydia trachomatis. Many uncertainties remain as to howChlamydiaorganizes its intracellular development and replication. The discovery of newChlamydialesspecies from other families permits the comparative analysis of cell-biological events and may indicate events that are common to all or peculiar to some species and more or less tightly linked to “chlamydial” development. We

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Beatty, Wandy L. "Late Endocytic Multivesicular Bodies Intersect the Chlamydial Inclusion in the Absence of CD63." Infection and Immunity 76, no. 7 (2008): 2872–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00129-08.

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ABSTRACT Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens that replicate solely within a membrane-bound vacuole termed an inclusion. Within the confines of the inclusion, the replicating bacteria acquire amino acids, nucleotides, and other precursors from the host cell. Trafficking from CD63-positive multivesicular bodies to the inclusion was previously identified as a novel interaction that provided essential precursors for the maintenance of a productive intracellular infection. The present study analyzes the direct delivery of resident protein and lipid constituents of multivesicul

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Pannekoek, Yvonne, Giovanna Morelli, Barica Kusecek, et al. "Multi locus sequence typing of Chlamydiales: clonal groupings within the obligate intracellular bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis." BMC Microbiology 8, no. 1 (2008): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-8-42.

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Estes, Anne M., David J. Hearn, Judith L. Bronstein, and Elizabeth A. Pierson. "The Olive Fly Endosymbiont, “Candidatus Erwinia dacicola,” Switches from an Intracellular Existence to an Extracellular Existence during Host Insect Development." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 22 (2009): 7097–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00778-09.

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ABSTRACT As polyphagous, holometabolous insects, tephritid fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) provide a unique habitat for endosymbiotic bacteria, especially those microbes associated with the digestive system. Here we examine the endosymbiont of the olive fly [Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae)], a tephritid of great economic importance. “Candidatus Erwinia dacicola” was found in the digestive systems of all life stages of wild olive flies from the southwestern United States. PCR and microscopy demonstrated that “Ca. Erwinia dacicola” resided intracellularly in the gastric ceca o

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Rychlik, Jennifer L., and James B. Russell. "Bacteriocin-Like Activity of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens JL5 and Its Effect on Other Ruminal Bacteria and Ammonia Production." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 3 (2002): 1040–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.3.1040-1046.2002.

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ABSTRACT When ruminal bacteria from a cow fed hay were serially diluted into an anaerobic medium that had only peptides and amino acids as energy sources, little growth or ammonia production was detected at dilutions greater than 10−6. The 10−8 and 10−9 dilutions contained bacteria that fermented carbohydrates, and some of these bacteria inhibited Clostridium sticklandii SR, an obligate amino acid-fermenting bacterium. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the most active isolate (JL5) was closely related to Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens B835. Strain JL5 inhibited B. fibrisolvens 49 and a variety o

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Vivoda, Maja, Ivana Cirkovic, Djordje Aleksic, Lazar Ranin, and Slobodanka Djukic. "Biology and intracellular life of chlamydia." Medical review 64, no. 11-12 (2011): 561–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1112561v.

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Introduction. Chlamydiae are Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacteria. The developmental cycle of Chlamydiae is specific and different from other bacteria. The elementary body is the infectious form of the organism, responsible for attaching to the target host cell and promoting its entry. The reticulate body is the larger, metabolically active form of the organism, synthesizing deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid and proteins. The elementary body and reticulate body represent evolutionary adaptations to extracellular and intracellular environments. Intracellular persistence of Chlamy

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Li, Julia Shu-yi, and Gary M. Winslow. "Survival, Replication, and Antibody Susceptibility of Ehrlichia chaffeensis outside of Host Cells." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 8 (2003): 4229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.8.4229-4237.2003.

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ABSTRACT Ehrlichia chaffeensis, an obligate intracellular, tick-transmitted bacterium, is susceptible to antibody-mediated host defense, but the mechanism by which this occurs is not understood. One possible explanation is that antibodies directly access the bacteria in the extracellular environment of the host, perhaps during bacterial intercellular transfer. Accordingly, we investigated whether bacteria could be found outside of host cells during infection. Host cell-free plasma obtained from infected mice was found to contain ehrlichiae, and the host cell-free ehrlichiae readily transferred

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Wixon, Jo. "Reductive Evolution in Bacteria:Buchnerasp.,Rickettsia prowazekiiandMycobacterium leprae." Comparative and Functional Genomics 2, no. 1 (2001): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cfg.70.

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Obligate intracellular bacteria commonly have much reduced genome sizes compared to their nearest free-living relatives. One reason for this is reductive evolution: the loss of genes rendered non-essential due to the intracellular habitat. This can occur because of the presence of orthologous genes in the host, combined with the ability of the bacteria to import the protein or metabolite products of the host genes. In this article we take a look at three such bacteria whose genomes have been fully sequenced.Buchnerais an endosymbiont of the pea aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum, the relationship betwe

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Manzano-Marı́n, Alejandro, Armelle Coeur d’acier, Anne-Laure Clamens, et al. "Serial horizontal transfer of vitamin-biosynthetic genes enables the establishment of new nutritional symbionts in aphids’ di-symbiotic systems." ISME Journal 14, no. 1 (2019): 259–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-019-0533-6.

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Abstract Many insects depend on obligate mutualistic bacteria to provide essential nutrients lacking from their diet. Most aphids, whose diet consists of phloem, rely on the bacterial endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola to supply essential amino acids and B vitamins. However, in some aphid species, provision of these nutrients is partitioned between Buchnera and a younger bacterial partner, whose identity varies across aphid lineages. Little is known about the origin and the evolutionary stability of these di-symbiotic systems. It is also unclear whether the novel symbionts merely compensate for

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Schmitz-Esser, Stephan, Nicole Linka, Astrid Collingro, et al. "ATP/ADP Translocases: a Common Feature of Obligate Intracellular Amoebal Symbionts Related to Chlamydiae and Rickettsiae." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 3 (2004): 683–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.3.683-691.2004.

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ABSTRACT ATP/ADP translocases catalyze the highly specific transport of ATP across a membrane in an exchange mode with ADP. Such unique transport proteins are employed by plant plastids and have among the prokaryotes so far only been identified in few obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the Chlamydiales and the Rickettsiales. In this study, 12 phylogenetically diverse bacterial endosymbionts of free-living amoebae and paramecia were screened for the presence of genes encoding ATP/ADP transport proteins. The occurrence of ATP/ADP translocase genes was found to be restricted to endosymb

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Corsaro, Daniele, and Gilbert Greub. "Pathogenic Potential of Novel Chlamydiae and Diagnostic Approaches to Infections Due to These Obligate Intracellular Bacteria." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 19, no. 2 (2006): 283–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.19.2.283-297.2006.

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SUMMARY Novel chlamydiae are newly recognized members of the phylum Chlamydiales that are only distantly related to the classic Chlamydiaceae, i.e., Chlamydia and Chlamydophila species. They also exibit an obligate biphasic intracellular life cycle within eukaryote host cells. Some of these new chlamydiae are currently considered potential emerging human and/or animal pathogens. Parachlamydia acanthamoebae and Simkania negevensis are both emerging respiratory human pathogens, Waddlia chondrophila could be a novel abortigenic bovine agent, and Piscichlamydia salmonis has recently been identifie

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Obradovic, Milan, J. Alex Pasternak, Siew Hon Ng, and Heather L. Wilson. "Use of flow cytometry and PCR analysis to detect 5-carboxyfluoroscein-stained obligate intracellular bacteria Lawsonia intracellularis invasion of McCoy cells." Journal of Microbiological Methods 126 (July 2016): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2016.04.015.

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