Academic literature on the topic 'Obligations (law) – france'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Obligations (law) – france.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Obligations (law) – france"
1
PALOMBO, Dalia. "The Duty of Care of the Parent Company: A Comparison between French Law, UK Precedents and the Swiss Proposals." Business and Human Rights Journal 4, no. 02 (July 2019): 265–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bhj.2019.15.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn 2017, France established a due diligence statutory obligation for French parent companies to monitor extraterritorial human rights and environmental abuses committed by their off-shore affiliates. Switzerland is also considering adopting a similar law for Swiss parent companies. These obligations are comparable to the duty of care that, according to recent case law, British parent companies owe towards their subsidiaries’ neighbours. This article compares and contrasts the newly introduced French due diligence statutory obligation, the UK precedents, and two alternative Swiss legislative proposals on the due diligence and duty of care of parent companies.
2
Alterman, Rachelle. "From Expropriations to Development Agreements: Developer Obligations for Public Services in Israel." Israel Law Review 24, no. 1 (1990): 28–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002122370000978x.
Full textAbstract:
If the term “developer obligations” seems unfamiliar, the policies which it denotes are familiar to anyone who deals with planning law: developer obligation s are requirements placed by planning authorities on developers to supply some public facility or amenity as a condition for granting a development permit. Developer obligations come in many forms: land dedication, payment of a fee, construction of a public facility, or supply of a public service. These requirements are known by varying names in many countries: in the U.S.A. they have come to be known as “exactions”, in Britain as “planning gain”, and in France as participation. Other countries may have many terms to indicate each separate tool, or no specific term at all. The term “developer obligations” is here proposed as an international term that, hopefully, has fewer culture-specific connotations than the other terms mentioned. I will use “developer obligations” in the broadest sense, to include some indirect mechanisms for financing public services, such as the land betterment tax, while “exactions” will be used to indicate the methods directly focused at financing such services.
3
Chub, D. V. "Legal regulation of smart contracts in France." Actual Problems of Russian Law, no. 8 (September 20, 2019): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2019.105.8.151-158.
Full textAbstract:
The paper is devoted to the legal regulation of smart contracts in French law. The question of the admissibility of the use of smart contracts in economic relations is considered. Particular attention is given to the French legal doctrine in the issue of formulating the definition of “smart contract” and identifying its characteristic features, the various points of view of French legal scholars are compared. Examples of the most effective use of a smart contract in economic relations are given. The problems of applying contractual legal obligations and obligations of French law to smart contracts are considered. The importance of the oracle for the implementation of the smart contract and the features of its legal status under French law are disclosed.
4
Ranjbar, Abdollah, and Seyed Hossein Sadat-Hosseini. "Comparison of Dhimmah and Asset in French Jurisprudence and Law." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 7, no. 7 (August 7, 2020): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v7i7.1788.
Full textAbstract:
Reference of jurisprudential texts to religion brings to mind the religious right and the obligation to resemble with divisions of law in France. In the legal system of Islam, dhimmah (treaty or obligation) have been extensively used along ages and in different fields. On the contrary, in the classical law and French law, the title "Patrimoine" (asset or property) is used throughout the commitments. In the religious law, a person who is called a creditor or promisee has direct rights over another person who is called debtor or promisor. Since debt is directly related to individuals’ obligations, so to identify exact meaning and concept of religious or individual right, it is necessary to examine its execution which is the very dhimmah in jurisprudence or the property and obligation mentioned by Arab and French lawyers. In spite of the similarities between these two terms, there is no comparable capability between the dhimmah and the asset; for the term dhimma is not compatible with the term "Patrimoine" (asset); hence, in this article, these two terms are to be conceptualized and compared.
5
Cvetkova, Irina. "The Abolition of the Concept of “Causa” in French Civil Law." Białostockie Studia Prawnicze 26, no. 5 (December 1, 2021): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/bsp.2021.26.05.06.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Causa is a subjective motive that determines the content of the obligation or material interest, which encourages the party to the trade to enter into an obligation taking on the associated burdens. In the countries of continental (mainland) Europe that belong to the Romano-Germanic law system, such as Germany, France, and Italy, the goal (objective) of the parties to the trade, causa, is legally significant. In the theory of the Civil law of the Romano-Germanic system, there is a general principle – any obligation arises for some purpose, which is called the basis of obligation. Causa is an individual interest that meets the requirements of the legal system. France was one of the last European countries that did not recognise the contingency theory as a basis for regulating the binding force of a contract. In practice, the courts have faced criticism of the concept of causation from both doctrine and law enforcement practice. In 2016, there was a significant reform of the French law of obligations. Legal science, undeservedly, did not attach due importance to one of the most noticeable innovations within the framework of the mentioned reform – the abolition of the concept of “causa” (reason, basis) of the contract, which until recently was one of the most original features of the French law and originated from Roman law, which was fixed in the Napoleonic Code. In this article, the theoretical provisions for the abolition of the concept of causa in French civil law, within the framework of the reform of the Civil Code, were investigated, and the corresponding conclusions were drawn.
6
Oldham, Mika. "Financial Obligations within the family-Aspects of Intergenerational Maintenance and Succession in England and France." Cambridge Law Journal 60, no. 1 (March 2001): 128–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197301000654.
Full textAbstract:
THE article examines the different roles played by private and public intergenerational support obligations in England and France, assesses their impact on elderly people and their carers and suggests possible ways in which the law might be used to alleviate some of the difficulties.
7
Fauvarque-Cosson, Bénédicte. "L’avant-projet français de réforme du droit des obligations et de la prescription: présentation générale." European Review of Private Law 15, Issue 6 (December 1, 2007): 761–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2007042.
Full textAbstract:
Summary: The Livre III, Titre III of the French Civil Code ‘Des contrats ou des obligations conventionnelles en général’ has remained practically as it stood in 1804. Recently, a project for a major reform of the law of obligations and prescription (of the Code civil) was formed by some French academics, and the idea was strongly supported by the former President Jacques Chirac, on the occasion of commemoration of the bicentenary of the Code civil. The ‘Avant-projet de réforme de droit des obligations et de la prescription’ was achieved by a committee of 36, mainly professors of law, under the intellectual sponsorship of the Association Capitant and the presidency of Professor Pierre Catala (hence its second name: «Avant-projet Catala»). A distinct team was set up for tort law, chaired by Professors Geneviève Viney and GeorgesDurry and for the law of prescription (Professor PhilippeMalaurie). In order to understand why such a sudden move was made, suffice it to recall the vivid debate which took place in France on the possibility of a European civil code. This debate has awakened the feeling that something had to be done in order to modernize our law of obligations. Moreover, a broad diffusion in France of the Principles of European Contract Law has helped the French to realize that many convergences and similarities already exist between our law of contracts and the work of the Lando Commission.Therefore, the aim of the working group was not only to restore the place of the Code civil inside French law – the law of obligations, such as it stands in that code, must constitute the jus commune – but also outside France where it has lost a great part of its prestige. The avant-projet starts with Article 1101 and terminates at Article 1386, just as the Code civil currently does. There were 296 articles in the Code civil (ten were added since 1804); there are 488 of them in the Avant-projet. The innovations are numerous and the overall structure has greatly improved. Yet, for all of these innnovations, a great tribute is still paid to tradition. For instance, the French concept of cause survives fierce criticism and the power of the judges to adapt the contract in case of a major change of circumstances is rejected (Art. 1135-1 et seq.). An impressive work has been achieved. A number of consultations have taken place among practitioners and enterprises. It is hoped that this Avant-projet will soon lead to a major reform of the French law of obligations and prescription. Zusammenfassung: Das Buch III, Abschnitt III des französischen Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuchs mit der Überschrift ‘Des contrats ou des obligations conventionnelles en général’ ist im Grundsatz seit 1804 unverändert geblieben. Zur Gelegenheit des zweihundertjährigen Jubileums des Code Civil wurde kürzlich ein Projekt zur grundsätzlichen Reformierung des Schuldrechts sowie des Verjährungsrechts (des Code Civil) durch einige französische Rechtswissenschaftler gegründet, welches durch den ehemaligen Präsidenten Jacques Chirac sehr unterstützt wurde. Das ‘Avant-projet de réforme de droit des obligations et de la prescription’ wurde durch eine Kommission von 36 Mitgliedern ausgeführt, die sich hauptsächlich aus Professoren der Rechtswissenschaften zusammensetzte, von der Association Capitant gesponsort wurde und von Prof. Pierre Catala vorgesessen wurde (deshalb war ihr zwe
8
Vershinina,, E. V., and J. A. Stakheeva. "CONDITIONS OF TRANSACTION VALIDITY UNDER RUSSIAN AND FRENCH LAW." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 5(32) (October 28, 2013): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2013-5-32-197-207.
Full textAbstract:
In the article the authors give the main characteristics of conditions of transaction validity according to the Russian and French law. In Russia, as well as in France, a transaction (agreement) which does not meet any of these conditions may be recognized as invalid in part or in full. The conditions of transaction validity are not specified directly in Russian laws, in contrast to the French legislation. Russian lawyers share the opinion that the conditions of transaction validity include the following: the content and the legal result of the transaction must not contradict to law; individuals and legal entities performing the transaction, must have capacity to be a party to the transaction; the expressed will of the transaction party must correspond to its actual will; the will of the transaction party must be expressed in due form. French legislation, in particular, the French Civil Code in the Article 1108 directly specifies the following conditions of transaction (agreement) validity: the party, which undertakes its obligations, must express its consent; the parties must have the capacity to make an agreement; certain subject, which represents the obligation's content; causa of the obligation. Article 1108 of the FCC does not contain direct provisions regarding the form of the transaction. However, in order to be valid, the transaction must be executed in certain legally established form. Also the article deals with the main common and different features in Russian and French legislation and doctrine.
9
Vlavianos, George. "Specific Performance in the Civil Law: Mediating Between Inconsistent Principles Inherited from a Roman-Canonical Tradition via the French Astreinte and the Québec Injunction." Revue générale de droit 24, no. 4 (February 27, 2019): 515–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1056817ar.
Full textAbstract:
Traditionally, inexecution of a contractual obligation in the civil law gives rise to an award in damages. This principle stems from Roman law of the classical period, which held to the maxim Nemo praecise cogi potest ad factum. In the post-classical period, however, the influence of ecclesiastical courts and the Christian notion of fidei laesio imposed itself on the classical pre-eminence of damages. Consequently, contractual obligations were often specifically enforced by secular courts based on the pacta sunt servanda doctrine of the canon law. Yet damages and specific performance, it is argued, are from the outset conceptually irreconcilable remedies. The full import of the nemo praecise principle prohibits all acts compelling the debtor to perform, whether such compulsion be physical or one of conscience. Pacta sunt servanda, on the other hand, maintains that that which has been promised should be performed, by force if necessary. In France, the mechanism of astreinte — a comminatory fine imposed on the debtor upon his failure to comply with a court order — is used to specifically enforce contractual obligations. This is done despite the fact that execution in kind is not expressly sanctioned by the Code civil. In Québec, courts have been slow to acknowledge the suitability of specific performance in the context of contractual obligations. The source of such hesitation is codally rooted, as the Civil Code of Lower Canada, in terms similar to the French Code civil, enunciates the supremacy of damages at article 1065. But this situation will change with the arrival of the new Civil Code of Québec. With this reorientation of the substantive law, Québec courts will be procedurally better equipped to enforce specific performance than their French counterparts. In essence, via the injunction, a court may physically compel a recalcitrant debtor. Despite its common law origins, the author contends that the injunction is not incompatible with the law of obligations in Québec. Any perceived incompatibility in the realm of contract law arises from the initial irreconcilability of damages and specific performance.
10
Jentsch, Valentin. "Contractual Performance, Breach of Contract and Contractual Obligations in Times of Crisis: On the Need for Unification and Codification in European Contract Law." European Review of Private Law 29, Issue 6 (December 1, 2021): 853–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2021045.
Full textAbstract:
The sanctity of contracts, a guiding principle of contract law in civil law systems, requires that both or all contracting parties be expected to meet their contractual obligations, thereby ensuring efficacy and efficiency of private ordering. Under extraordinary circumstances, however, legal systems provide for mechanisms, which may excuse contractual performance or lead to adaption or termination of contractual obligations. Since the coronavirus pandemic, these mechanisms have clearly gained traction. Drawing on five important civil law jurisdictions (Germany, Austria, Switzerland, France, Italy), this article elaborates on excuses of contractual performance and remedies for breach of contract and on adaption or termination of contractual obligations. The article aims to address the fundamental questions, whether these excuses and remedies and institutions on adaption or termination still serve their purpose in times of pandemic or whether and to what extent a uniform breach of contract action or a codification of such institutions is needed in European Contract Law. A functional and comparative approach is used to unfold and analyse these timeless questions from a contemporary perspective.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Obligations (law) – france"
1
Cavallone, Giulia. "Obligations européennes d’incrimination et principe de légalité en Italie et en France." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020003.
Full textAbstract:
La recherche s’intéresse aux rapports qu’entretiennent le droit de l’UE et les systèmes répressifs nationaux italien et français. Elle vise notamment à analyser les problèmes posés par l’influence croissante des sources européennes sur l’exercice par les Etats du droit de punir. Elle analyse également la compatibilité des obligations européennes de punir par rapport au principe de la légalité des délits et des peines, consacré au niveau constitutionnel en Italie et en France. En effet, quoiqu’issus d’une même tradition romano-germanique, ces deux systèmes semblent consacrer des conceptions sensiblement différentes du principe de la légalité. Par exemple, alors que le droit italien conçoit la légalité surtout comme relevant de la loi au sens formel, le système français semble insister sur la clarté, l’intelligibilité et l’accessibilité de la norme pénale qui seules peuvent en assurer la prévisibilité. Compte tenu de la pratique de la Cour de Justice d'interpréter le droit européen selon les traditions communes aux États membres, la comparaison entre les systèmes juridiques de deux États membres permettra de mieux apprécier les choix opérés dans le cadre de l'harmonisation européenne en matière pénale.Une fois le principe défini, la deuxième partie du travail se concentre sur la possibilité d'utiliser les obligations de criminalisation et la primauté du droit de l'Union pour protéger les droits fondamentaux des victimes. A ce propos le travail vise à un équilibre entre légalité pénale et protection effective des droits fondamentaux qui découlent de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme et de la Charte des droits fondamentaux de l’Union européenne.Descripteurs : Principe de légalité des délits et des peines, obligations d’incrimination ; droit pénal comparé ; droit pénal européen ; droits fondamentaux ; droits des victimesThe research focuses on the influence of the EU competence in criminal law on Italian and French criminal systems. More specifically it refers to the impact of this competence on the traditional principle of legality and on individual safeguards it represents. The first part deals with the increasing Union’s power to impose specific obligations of criminalization in relation to the fundamental principle of legality in criminal law. This principle acquires different meanings according to different national systems. While in Italy it is mainly conceived as a statute monopoly, France considers clarity, ascertainability and foreseeability of criminal norms as the main aspect. The research analyses whether it is possible to set aside certain national specific features in order to achieve a new European common definition of the principle of legality. Given the practice of the Court of Justice to interpret Union law according to traditions common to Member States, the research has been conducted following a comparative approach. A comparative analysis makes it possible to better assess the choices made by the European Union towards harmonization in criminal matters.The second part of the thesis concerns the possibility to use EU obligations of criminalization and the primacy of Union law to protect fundamental interest, in particular fundamental rights of victims. The research aims therefore at finding a compromise between the legality principle in criminal law and an effective protection of fundamental rights stemming from the European Convention of Human Rights and the Charter of fundamental rights of the EU.Keywords: Principle of legality ; obligations of criminalisation ; comparative criminal law ; EU criminal law ; fundamental rights; victims’ rights
2
Broussy, Charlotte. "Histoire du contrat d'assurance (XVIe-XXe siècles)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD045.
Full textAbstract:
Bien que né et théorisé comme contrat commercial maritime, le contrat d’assurance est actuellement plus couramment envisagé comme un contrat terrestre de consommation. Pour appréhender cette évolution, il a paru convenable de s’interroger sur l’histoire du contrat d’assurance depuis le XVIe s. jusqu’en 1930. En effet, le XVIe s. est le moment où le contrat d’assurance commence à concerner le monde terrestre en étant conceptualisé par des auteurs de doctrine puis en éveillant l’attention du législateur français. Cette phase qui s’étend jusqu’au milieu du XIXe s. est donc une phase de construction théorique et législative du contrat d’assurance - avec une base maritime et une tendance de plus en plus prégnante à l’installation sur terre. La période suivante commence au milieu du XIXe s. qui amorce les premiers grands changements de nature du contrat d’assurance avec l’avènement de la société industrielle, l’émergence des idées socialistes et de l’État providence. À cette occasion, doctrine et jurisprudence adaptent le contrat d’assurance aux besoins de sécurité croissants de la population. L’on peut parler d’un véritable enracinement terrestre du contrat d’assurance, car la base maritime est mise de côté tandis que la base terrestre passe au premier plan. Les adaptations et nouveautés juridiques amènent des auteurs, juges et autres praticiens à s’interroger de nouveau sur la nature du contrat d’assurance. En 1930, la première loi française sur le contrat d’assurance terrestre cristallise certaines de leurs conclusions et positions sans toutefois donner de définition ni de contours fermes au contrat d’assurance. Il demeure encore difficile d’en trouverLooking back through history, the very nature of the insurance contract has often been questioned. Indeed, although it started off its career with, and was developed by, the merchant shipping industry ; today it is used as a consumer product contract, strongly anchored into terrestrial reality. In order to apprehend this evolution, it would be interesting to look into what defines the criteria of an insurance contract since the 16th Century right through to 1930. During the 16th Century, the insurance contract started to be used in the terrestrial world and was drafted by the authors of the profession, and in doing so, interested the French legislators. This phase was a theoretical construction and a legislative phase for the insurance contract, which was based on the merchant shipping activity, in spite of applying to a growing number of terrestrial concerns. The next period starts in the middle of the 19th Century, whereby we start to see the first major changes to the insurance contract with the increase in industrial activities and the emergence of socialist ideas and a welfare state. At this point in time, the profession and jurisprudence adapt the insurance contract to the increasing security needs of the population. We can refer to this as a real terrestrial implantation of the insurance contract as the shipping and naval basis takes a back seat. These adaptations and new additions to the legal system make the legislators, judges and other professions concerned ; re-assess the contents of the insurance contract. In 1930, the first French law on the terrestrial insurance contract crystallizes a certain number of their conclusions and positions, without however, giving a strict definition of what an insurance contract is. It still doesn’t exist today
3
Broussy, Charlotte. "Histoire du contrat d'assurance (XVI-XXe siècles)." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD045/document.
Full textAbstract:
Bien que né et théorisé comme contrat commercial maritime, le contrat d’assurance est actuellement plus couramment envisagé comme un contrat terrestre de consommation. Pour appréhender cette évolution, il a paru convenable de s’interroger sur l’histoire du contrat d’assurance depuis le XVIe s. jusqu’en 1930. En effet, le XVIe s. est le moment où le contrat d’assurance commence à concerner le monde terrestre en étant conceptualisé par des auteurs de doctrine puis en éveillant l’attention du législateur français. Cette phase qui s’étend jusqu’au milieu du XIXe s. est donc une phase de construction théorique et législative du contrat d’assurance - avec une base maritime et une tendance de plus en plus prégnante à l’installation sur terre. La période suivante commence au milieu du XIXe s. qui amorce les premiers grands changements de nature du contrat d’assurance avec l’avènement de la société industrielle, l’émergence des idées socialistes et de l’État providence. À cette occasion, doctrine et jurisprudence adaptent le contrat d’assurance aux besoins de sécurité croissants de la population. L’on peut parler d’un véritable enracinement terrestre du contrat d’assurance, car la base maritime est mise de côté tandis que la base terrestre passe au premier plan. Les adaptations et nouveautés juridiques amènent des auteurs, juges et autres praticiens à s’interroger de nouveau sur la nature du contrat d’assurance. En 1930, la première loi française sur le contrat d’assurance terrestre cristallise certaines de leurs conclusions et positions sans toutefois donner de définition ni de contours fermes au contrat d’assurance. Il demeure encore difficile d’en trouverLooking back through history, the very nature of the insurance contract has often been questioned. Indeed, although it started off its career with, and was developed by, the merchant shipping industry ; today it is used as a consumer product contract, strongly anchored into terrestrial reality. In order to apprehend this evolution, it would be interesting to look into what defines the criteria of an insurance contract since the 16th Century right through to 1930. During the 16th Century, the insurance contract started to be used in the terrestrial world and was drafted by the authors of the profession, and in doing so, interested the French legislators. This phase was a theoretical construction and a legislative phase for the insurance contract, which was based on the merchant shipping activity, in spite of applying to a growing number of terrestrial concerns. The next period starts in the middle of the 19th Century, whereby we start to see the first major changes to the insurance contract with the increase in industrial activities and the emergence of socialist ideas and a welfare state. At this point in time, the profession and jurisprudence adapt the insurance contract to the increasing security needs of the population. We can refer to this as a real terrestrial implantation of the insurance contract as the shipping and naval basis takes a back seat. These adaptations and new additions to the legal system make the legislators, judges and other professions concerned ; re-assess the contents of the insurance contract. In 1930, the first French law on the terrestrial insurance contract crystallizes a certain number of their conclusions and positions, without however, giving a strict definition of what an insurance contract is. It still doesn’t exist today
4
Lauer, Mélanie. "Obligations procédurales et droit au divorce." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443953.
Full textAbstract:
Il ne fait plus de doute que le divorce fait partie intégrante du paysage familial. Pour autant le droit au divorce a vacillé entre droit permissif et droit coercitif. La loi du 11 juillet 1975 a insufflé un mouvement de libéralisation qui va régner sur le droit du divorce. Mais c'est avec la loi du 26 mai 2004 que la libéralisation va prendre toute son ampleur. Même si elle s'inscrit dans une certaine continuité en maintenant la pluralité des cas de divorce, elle ouvre plus largement les portes de celui-ci. Les règles de fond et de forme sont étroitement liées dans le procès du divorce. La loi a donc supprimé de nombreuses barrières procédurales qui ont eu pour conséquence directe de simplifier la procédure et favoriser l'obtention du divorce. Les époux doivent respecter les obligations procédurales pour parvenir au prononcé du divorce. Les règles procédurales absorbent ainsi les règles substantielles. L'ouverture découle également d'une objectivation du droit du divorce. La cause de divorce trouve essentiellement sa source dans le constat d'échec du mariage. La loi a d'ailleurs consacré un véritable divorce faillite pour ne pas dire droit au divorce sur demande unilatérale qui n'exige qu'une cessation de vie commune pendant deux ans pour être prononcé. Elle fait également triompher la dimension individuelle sur la conception institutionnelle de l'union. Les arrangements constitutent la pierre angulaire du règlement du divorce. Les accords se retrouvent à tous stades de la procédure et dans tous les cas de divroce. L'ordre public conjugal connait donc un certain infléchissement corroboré par un relâchement de la faute dans le divorce et l'instauration d'un droit commun des effets du divorce. La réunion de ces différents facteurs contribue à l'émergence d'un droit subjectif au divorce.
5
Targues, Isabelle. "Les obligations conventionnelles nées du divorce." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020023.
Full textAbstract:
Le phénomène de conventionnalisation du droit de la famille, plus précisément le rôle assigné à la volonté individuelle lors d'un divorce se développe de manière exponentielle. Les sources des obligations conventionnelles étant multiples, il convient de définir les éléments qui les composent. Le contrat ne constitue pas l’unique source des obligations conventionnelles. Cette catégorie doit comprendre l’ensemble des actes juridiques conventionnels. Ceux-ci se définissent comme des manifestations de volonté produisant des effets de droit.En droit du divorce, nombreux sont les accords de volontés que les époux peuvent conclure afin de régler les conséquences patrimoniales et extra-patrimoniales de leur rupture. Cette place croissante, accordée par la loi aux volontés individuelles dans l’aménagement des conséquences du divorce, invite à s’interroger sur la qualification des accords conclus par les époux. L’étude des obligations conventionnelles nées du divorce permet de démontrer que des contrats de droit commun s’épanouissent dans le droit du divorce et que parallèlement des conventions du divorce, caractérisées par l’intervention du juge, se développent en marge des principes issus du droit des contrats.En définitive, dans un contexte où est promue la liberté individuelle, les contrats de droit commun constituent un instrument privilégié pour des époux qui souhaitent organiser les conséquences patrimoniales de leur rupture. Cependant, l’ordre public familial inhérent au domaine extra-patrimonial persiste. À cet égard, il faut souligner que la théorie générale des obligations n’a pas vocation à mettre en péril l’état des personnes qui par nature doit demeurer indisponibleThe phenomenon of conventionalisation of family law and more precisely the role assigned to individual will in divorce has been increasing exponentially. As the sources of conventional obligations are multiple, it appears essential to define the variouselements that make up this specific group. Contracts are not the only source of conventional obligations. This last category should include all conventional legal acts which can be defined as expressions of will intending to produce legal effect.In divorce law, the voluntary agreements spouses are allowed to conclude in order tosettle the patrimonial and extra-patrimonial consequences of their separation are numerous. The growing importance given by law to individual will in order to settle the consequences of divorce calls for the examination of the genuine qualification ofspouses’ agreements. The analysis of the conventional obligations originating from divorce demonstrates that common law contracts flourish in divorce law while, at the same time, divorce agreements develop on the fringes of the guiding principles of contract law. Regarding these conventions, judges’ interventions add to individual willso as to reach perfect agreements. Eventually, in a context where individual freedom is promoted, common law contracts are a privileged tool for spouses who wish to organize themselves the patrimonial consequences of their separation. However, matrimonial public order legislation remains and cannot be dissociated from the extra-patrimonial field. In this regard, it should be noted that the general theory of the law of obligations does not intend to endanger the status of persons which must inherently remain inalienable
6
Al, Qallaf Eqbal. "Les obligations des professionnels dans la lutte contre le blanchiment d'argent : étude comparée entre les droits français et koweitïen." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT3012/document.
Full textAbstract:
Le blanchiment d'argent est considéré comme un crime organisé international. Du fait des progrès techniques et technologiques, il a connu un développement rapide. Ce qui a eu pour conséquence une évolution croissante de sa diffusion pendant vingt ans, en particulier après les attentats du 11 septembre 2001. Ceci a incité la communauté internationale à envisager soit au niveau régional soit au niveau mondial un certain nombre d'accords et de traités. Afin de lutter contre le blanchiment d'argent et le financement du terrorisme en tant que crime organisé du fait de leurs effets d'autant plus négatifs en temps de crise économique et internationale, il fut nécessaire de faire des efforts régionaux et internationaux dans le but d'en limiter l'expansion. La lutte contre le blanchiment d'argent inclut donc les obligations des professions juridiques et comptables et les professions bancaires et financières afin de rechercher et révéler les sources d'argent illicite qui ont été « lavées » et démasquer non seulement leur origine véritable mais également leur réutilisation. Le contenu de la lutte contre le blanchiment d'argent et le financement du terrorisme comporte trois obligations qui sont profondément attachées. Une obligation classique qui est l'obligation de secret professionnel, une obligation de vigilance allégée ou renforcée, fondée sur la qualité ou le degré du risque qui apparaît au cours de l'exécution d'opérations juridiques, comptables et bancaires, et une obligation de déclaration de soupçon sur les opérations suspectes envers les autorités compétentes visées par l'État. Il s'agit d'une étude comparative, analytique et critique des droits français et koweïtien dans une perspective législative, juridique et procéduraleThe crime of money laundering is not only considered to be an organized international crime but also an advanced and sophisticated task of fast and remarkable technology, which led to its spread globally over twenty years, particularly after 11 September 2001 attacks. Hence, the international community has called for the need to confront it at the regional and global level through the treaties and agreements, to prevent money laundering and terrorism funding. Money laundering is considered an organized crime as it has negative effects like economic crises. So it is necessary to exert efforts to stop its spread. There are three obligations to fight this crime, either it is for legal, accounting, or investment banking careers. These obligations aim at looking for sources of illegal and laundering money so as not to hide its illegal source but also to prevent its reuse or recycling. To confront this crime, there are three interrelated and interdependent obligations. First, traditional obligation of professional secrecy. Secondly, censorship or monitoring obligation can be diluted or intensive to fit (be adapted to) the dangerous degree which is shown through its implementation either in the legal, accounting, or banking transactions. Thirdly, the notification's obligation of suspicious transactions to the state's authorities to receive the suspicious notification of money laundering. This study is a critical and analytical comparison of French and Kuwait law through legal, legislative and procedure perspective
7
Reydellet, Colin. "Corrélations entre conflits de lois et conflits de juridictions en droit international privé des obligations." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3074.
Full textAbstract:
Le droit international privé français tient pour usuel la dissociation entre le conflit de lois et le conflit de juridictions. Cette indépendance entre les deux corps de règles est érigée en principe tant par la doctrine majoritaire que par le droit positif. Selon ce principe, toute forme de corrélation est et doit être réfutée, qu’elle opère au moment de la mise en œuvre des règles de conflit ou de leur construction. En d’autres termes, ce sont ainsi trois hypothèses qui sont dénoncées : celle de l’applicabilité directe de la lex fori en tant que telle, mais également celles de la compétence du forum legis et du parallélisme des règles de conflit, celles-ci conduisant à une applicabilité indirecte de la lex fori. Or, selon la présente étude, le droit international privé des obligations montre qu’un tel principe n’existe pas et qu’il n’est pas nécessairement opportun. En effet, et un tel constat s’impose, tant le mécanisme des lois de police que le jeu de l’autonomie de la volonté suscitent une applicabilité directe de la lex fori. Par ailleurs, la réfutation des modes de corrélation indirecte est inopportune. D’une part, la compétence du forum legis permet de garantir l’effectivité des lois de police, dans la mesure où aucun autre remède ne se révèle suffisant. D’autre part, la spécialisation du droit international privé des obligations et l’emprise du droit de l’Union européenne sur cette discipline génère des règles de compétence et de loi applicable qui présentent un certain parallélisme qui n’est pas uniquement accidentel. La thèse invite ainsi à remettre en question certains dogmes classiques du droit international privé des obligationsFrench private international law holds as usual the dissociation between choice of law and judicial jurisdiction. This independence between the two sets of rules is set up as a principle by both majority doctrine and law. According to this principle, any form of correlation is and must be refuted, whether it occurs at the time of implementation of the conflict rules or the time of their formulation. In other words, three hypotheses are thus denounced: that of the direct applicability of the lex fori as such, but also those of the jurisdiction of the forum legis and the parallelism of the conflict rules, which lead to an indirect applicability of the lex fori. However, according to this study, contracts and torts private international law shows that such a principle does not exist and that it is not necessarily appropriate. Indeed, both the mechanism of overriding mandatory provisions and freedom of choice of law give rise to a direct applicability of the lex fori. Moreover, the refutation of indirect correlation modes is inappropriate. On the one hand, the jurisdiction of forum legis makes it possible to guarantee the effectiveness of overriding mandatory provisions, insofar as no other remedy is sufficient. On the other hand, the specialisation of contracts and torts private international law and the influence of European Union law on this discipline generate rules of judicial jurisdiction rules and applicable law that present a certain parallelism that is not only accidental. The thesis thus invites us to question certain classic dogmas of private international law of obligations
8
Houéyissan, Wilfried A. "Les obligations de livraison, de conformité et de garantie contre les vices cachés : étude du droit OHADA à la lumière des droits français, québécois et de la Common law canadienne." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT4002.
Full text
9
Kassoul, Hania. "L'après-contrat." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR0026.
Full textAbstract:
Après le contrat, que reste-t-il ? La réponse la plus spontanée est qu'il ne reste rien, sinon un souvenir évanescent et le retour à la liberté. Pourtant, l’étude du droit des contrats montre le contraire. L’extinction laisse subsister des intérêts économiques qui doivent être protégés. Il n’est d’ailleurs pas anodin de constater une prise de conscience des parties et des rédacteurs d’actes : un regain de prudence a commandé le développement des clauses postcontractuelles. Mais, même en l’absence de telles stipulations, une régulation existe, formant des après-contrats standardisés par le législateur, ou encadrés par le juge. Une véritable optimisation du droit de l’extinction est observable, dont le but est de maximiser les bénéfices apportés par l’exécution ou par l’effet extinctif, mais aussi de minimiser les risques succédant à l’extinction. Le contrat apparaît ainsi sous la forme d’une institution sociale devant prendre en compte le contexte dans lequel l’opération économique se développe, au service de la relation inter partes, laquelle transcende la seule durée de la convention. Soulignant la dimension relationnelle de la convention, l’après-contrat permet de remettre le contrat en perspective dans sa somme existentielle, c’est-à-dire en tant qu’expérience totalisant la période précontractuelle, l’exécution et le temps postcontractuel. Dans la compréhension de cette trilogie, le terme extinctif marque un repère qui tire son utilité d’une double nature : il clôt une durée (critère temporel) et signe un ordre de bouleversement dans le sort des obligations (critère substantiel)Does anything remain after the end of a contract? Generally, we easily believe that the relationship between economic partners and the duration of their contract stop at the same time. But this belief is built on a simplistic vision of the real economic world. When the contract duration is over, some economic interest must be preserved. That is why wise partners anticipate a follow-up to the extinguished contract, by stipulating postcontractual obligations. But, even if there is no anticipation, a regulation does exist with standard legal rules or judges’ framework. A real optimization of the contract law is expanding, to maximize the benefits arising from the contractual experience and minimize the risks led by the postcontractual freedom. That is how the Contract shows a specific aspect: it becomes a social institution which considers its economic context, serving the relational dimension of the partnership. Definitely, the relationship between the partners can last above the duration of the contractual instrument. By this way, the post-contract put into perspective the contract in an existential addition which is composed of three parts: the precontractual, the execution and the postcontractual time periods. In this configuration, the term is seen as a mark which encloses a duration (temporal criterion) and turns the contractual obligation (substantial criterion). Indeed, the post-contract nature is dual, contractual and extracontractual at the same time. That is why we will treat our subject from both and complementary criterions, saying that the post-contract is a time period out of the contract, whereas it shows concurrently the contract out of its own duration
10
Alkhalaiwy, Thamer. "Le régime de la distribution de crédit et les obligations mises à la charge de son distributeur : étude de droit comparé, droit français-droit saoudien." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROD007.
Full textAbstract:
Si le recours au crédit est devenu aujourd’hui une banalité, la réglementation de ce secteur s’avère cependant une nécessité. Des réglementations ont donc été mises en place concernant non seulement les opérations de crédit proposées par les banquiers mais également le comportement de ceux-ci à l’égard de leurs clients lors de l’octroi de ces crédits. Le droit saoudien et le droit français ne portent pas, en la matière, les mêmes regards. Ceci est dû au fait que le droit saoudien, fondé sur le droit musulman, est tenu de respecter ses exigences lors de la distribution de crédit. Parmi celles-ci, se trouve l’interdiction du prêt à intérêt, ou du riba, ayant pour conséquence la création d’un régime original de distribution de crédit, marque de la différence essentielle avec le droit français libre de toutes exigences d’ordre religieux. Cependant, si cette divergence est inéluctable, une convergence est constatée entre le droit saoudien et le droit français quant aux obligations mises à la charge du banquier dispensateur de crédit. Toutefois, contrairement au droit français, ces obligations en droit saoudien manquent de précision et d’évolution. Ainsi, la convergence devrait encore être consolidée, et cela en s’inspirant des solutions dégagées par le droit français en la matière, notamment par la mise à la charge des banquiers dispensateurs de crédit d’un certain nombre d’obligations assurant le juste équilibre entre les intérêts du banquier et ceux de son emprunteurIf the appeal on credit today has become somewhat trivial, the regulation of this sector however proves to be a necessity. Regulations have therefore been set up concerning not only the operations of credit offered by the bankers, but also their behaviour concerning their clients during the conferment of credits. Saudi law and French law differ in this field. This is due to the fact that the Saudi law is based on the Charia, which influences its requirements concerning the distribution of credit. Among these requirements is the ban of loans with interest, or of the riba, creator of an original regime of credit distribution, which marks the major difference to French law, free from any religious requirements. On the other hand, although this divergence is ineluctable, a convergence can be found between Saudi law and French law concerning obligations put payable to the banker providing the credit. However, contrary to French law, these obligations in Saudi law lack in precision and evolution. Therefore convergence should once again be consolidated by drawing inspiration from the solutions given by French law in the field, notably by putting obligations on bankers in order to assure a fair balance between the interests of the banker and those of his borrower
Books on the topic "Obligations (law) – france"
1
Terré, François, and Lionel Andreu. Pour une réforme du régime général des obligations: Les autres sources des obligations, le régime général des obligations, la preuve des obligations. Paris: Dalloz, 2013.
Find full text
2
1957-, Cartwright John, Vogenauer Stefan 1968-, and Whittaker Simon, eds. Reforming the French law of obligations: Comparative reflections on the Avant-projet de réforme du droit des obligations et de la prescription the Avant-projet Catala. Oxford: Hart Pub., 2009.
Find full text
3
Avanzini, Iris. Les obligations du dépositaire: Contribution à l'étude du contrat de dépôt. Thèse pour obtenir le grade de docteur en droit, discipline droit privé-droit des contrats spéciaux, université de La Réunion, faculté de droit & des sciences économiques et politiques, présentée et soutenue publiquement le 4 mars 2005. Lille: ANRT. Atelier national de reproduction des thèses, 2006.
Find full text
4
Brunetti-Pons, Clotilde. L'obligation de conservation dans les conventions. Aix-en-Provence: Presses universitaires d'Aix-Marseille, Faculté de droit et de science politique, 2003.
Find full text
5
Pothier, Robert Joseph. A treatise on obligations, considered in a moral and legal view: Translated from the French of Pothier. Union, N.J: Lawbook Exchange, 1999.
Find full text
6
Olivier, Descamps. Les origines de la responsabilité pour faute personnelle dans le Code Civil de 1804. Paris: L.G.D.J., 2005.
Find full text
7
Congrès des notaires de France (96th 2000 Lille, France). Le patrimoine au XXIe siècle: 96e Congrès des notaires de France, Lille, 28-31 mai 2000. [Paris]: Association congrès des notaires de France, 2000.
Find full text
8
Bachelet, Benoît. L'abus en matière contractuelle: Thèse pour l'obtention du titre de docteur en droit privé, présentée et soutenue publiquement le 9 décembre 2004, université Pierre Mendès France, Grenoble II, faculté de droit. Lille: ANRT. Atelier national de reproduction des thèses, 2006.
Find full text
9
Sach- und Sprachnorm in der französischen Rechtssprache: Untersuchungen zu Rechts- und Sprachfiguren bei Leistungsstörungen im Schuldverhältnis. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1993.
Find full text
10
Völkervertragsrecht in der französischen Rechtsordnung, insbesondere Europäische Konvention zum Schutze der Menschenrecht und Grundfreiheiten. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Obligations (law) – france"
1
McHaffie, M. W. "Introduction." In Warranty Obligations in Western France, 1040–1270, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14517-9_1.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe introduction makes three points to frame this study. First, French legal-historical scholarship views warranty in terms of the garantie d’éviction, a contractual obligation that remains deeply indebted to terms and concepts drawn from Roman law. Second, warranty has also viewed largely as a thirteenth-century development, thought to reflect the emergence of the individual’s right to alienate property with relative freedom from restrictions imposed by kin and/or lords. Third, the role of lordship in giving shape to warranty has been severely neglected in French legal-historical scholarship, which differs sharply from how scholarship examining warranty in the Anglo-Norman realm has approached the subject. I lay out therefore the basic questions that run throughout the study, which ultimately concern how we understand the causality of legal change in the central Middle Ages.
2
McHaffie, M. W. "Warranty in the Charters." In Warranty Obligations in Western France, 1040–1270, 25–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14517-9_3.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis chapter offers an overview of how warranty clauses appear in charters. It draws on Dominique Barthélemy’s influential model to outline the major documentary changes of the period covered in the study, the first occurring around the mid-eleventh century and the second in the early decades of the thirteenth. It discusses the language of warranty obligations throughout this period, and some of the ways it changed. It also considers the influence of Roman law upon the composition of thirteenth-century warranty clauses. Overall, it suggests that the influence of Roman law was minimal.
3
Tune*, André. "Traffic Accidents Compensation Under Tort Law and Under a Specific Law: The French Experience." In The Law of Obligations, 363–76. Oxford University PressOxford, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198264842.003.0014.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In France, as in the United States and in many industrialized countries, innumerable proposals have been advanced since the beginning of this century for a specific statute dealing with compensation of traffic accident victims. Most of the proposals favoured a no-fault system of compensation of all victims. It would probably be pointless to study all these proposals. On the other hand, one text, the French 1985 statute on the matter, seems to deserve attention, because it is not a proposal, but a piece of positive law, and has been applied now for more than ten years.
4
Rowan, Solène. "The Place of Contract Law in the Law of Obligations and the Sources of Contract Law." In The New French Law of Contract, 15—C2.N81. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810872.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This chapter notes the key principles of contract law. In France, contract law forms are included as part of the law of obligation. Juridical acts mostly focus on contractual obligations, while juridical facts are the source of extra-contractual obligations and quasi-contracts. On the other hand, the no-option rule avoids undermining either extra-contractual liability or the allocations of contract risks. Codified legislation, decided cases, and legal writings are also noted as the primary and most influential sources in the development of French contract law. The chapter also tackles how the Catala proposals and Terré project served as foundations for the later development of the Civil Code.
5
Spalding, Andrew. "A Latent Legacy: France." In A New Megasport Legacy, 229–48. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197503614.003.0006.
Full textAbstract:
As the country prepares to host the 2024 Paris Summer Olympics, France presents perhaps the biggest, but still unrecognized and untapped, human rights and anti-corruption legacy opportunity. In 2017, three extraordinary events occurred. First, a landmark anti-corruption law called Sapin II, and a cutting-edge corporate human rights statute called the Duty of Vigilance Law, went into effect. Second, this country, already awash in a wave of domestic anti-corruption and human rights reforms, won the rights to host the 2024 Summer Olympics. Third, the IOC amended its host city contract to impose, for the first time in history, anti-corruption and human rights obligations on the host country. This is a legacy opportunity if ever there were. However, while France’s legacy opportunity is large, it remains latent. At press time, France had not yet embraced the concept that hosting the Olympic Games could accelerate the implementation of their new laws and practices. Nor has the International Olympic Committee yet recognized the opportunity that France presents. France thus highlights both the opportunity that megasports now provide, and the need for various stakeholders to recognize and support the concept of a human rights and anti-corruption legacy if such an opportunity is to be realized. If France were to embrace this opportunity, France’s legacy would build upon Qatar’s precedent. France thus presents the first chance to implement a proactive, intentional, and two-dimensional legacy.
6
Bernier, Gwenaëlle. "France: Invoicing and E-Commerce: What Are the Tax Constraints? Is Electronic Invoicing the Best Solution?" In Global E-Business Law & Taxation, 129–41. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195367218.003.0008.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract When a company reaches the point where all its transactions are conducted on the Internet (prospecting, selling, and, for intangible services or goods, even delivering), the temptation grows even stronger to think that it can simply do away with all its paper-filing requirements and other obligations that compel it to issue paper documents (e.g., invoices) to its customers.
7
Gathii, James Thuo. "The creative tension between commercial freedom and Belligerent rights." In War, Commerce, and International Law, 105–44. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195341027.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In the early part of the twenty-first century, the United States has been invoked less as a country that conforms to its international legal obligations than as an “exemplar of might.” This has not always been the case. The early U.S. republic of the late eighteenth century was a relatively weak military and economic country. The United Kingdom, France, the Netherlands and even Spain were more prosperous economically and militarily superior countries than the United States. In this chapter, I focus on the international legal jurisprudence of the Marshall Court during this period of U.S. military and economic weakness. An examination of this jurisprudence leads to three conclusions. First, that the Marshall Court, primarily motivated by the young country’s relative economic and military weaknesses, adopted a policy of neutrality in international commerce. Second, that in seeking to ensure the United States’ commercial relations conformed to international legal obligations of a neutral nation, the Marshall court played a constructive role in solidifying the early regime of international economic governance through law.
8
Smets, Henri. "Economics of Water Services and the Right to Water." In Fresh Water and International Economic Law, 173–89. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199274673.003.0008.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Although the right to water is now generally recognized as a fundamental right, some States do not want to acknowledge its importance, as they are in favour of privatizing water utilities and/or wish to avoid any interference due to social concerns. The potential conflict between trade laws and the fundamental right to water should not be exaggerated and should be examined in the context of national practice. The majority of French water services is managed by the private sector and, at the same time, France acts in conformity with its obligations under international law concerning the right to water. This chapter shows that water services can be operated under public-private partnership or as a public service, without special difficulties concerning the right to access to water.
9
Reynolds, Susan. "The Kingdom of France, 1100–1300." In Fiefs And Vassals, 258–322. Oxford University PressOxford, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198204589.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The evidence that I have examined for the terminology of property in twelfth-century France is at first confusing. On the one hand the growth of evidence confirms the suspicion expressed at the end of chapter 5 that, as rulers and landlords became more demanding and more effective, the distinction between full and subordinate property became in some ways blurred. On the other hand, there is also evidence that during the twelfth century rulers began to exploit a distinction between what the records explicitly call alods and fiefs. By the thirteenth century it is clear that this was not the same distinction as that drawn in the ninth century between alods and benefices. What we seem to have is a new term-inology that gradually resulted in the construction of new categories. By the thirteenth century the word alod was restricted in many areas, chiefly if not exclusively, to the property of the relatively humble, while the property of people of high status, which would once have been considered alodial, was described as fiefs. Fiefholders were beginning to be occasionally called vassals, though this was still rare and probably indicates the influence of lawyers with some knowledge of the academic law of fiefs. Exceptions and anomalies were many and various, not least because the actual rights and obligations of property were seldom changed when the words changed. Rationalization of past custom into rules so as to create categories of even approximate coherence and consistency was a slow business which would be the work of professional and academic lawyers over centuries.
10
Thierry, Bonneau. "Part III Prospectus Liability and Litigation, 21 France." In Prospectus Regulation and Prospectus Liability. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198846529.003.0021.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter sets out the French law. Financial operations triggering the obligation to draw up a prospectus are common in France. By contrast, the chapter shows that there is no judicial decision holding people accountable for infringing the prospectus legislation. However, this does not mean that there are no decisions concerning prospectuses or, more generally, financial information. The chapter asserts that these decisions to in fact exist. However, in these decisions, either provisions other than provisions of the prospectus legislation are applied to prospectuses, or the document of information is other than the prospectus. More often than not, the decisions are about people who are accused of having spread false or misleading information. From this point of view, these decisions are relevant regardless of the context and the document used in order to disseminate such information. The solutions resulting from these decisions are applicable to difficulties concerning information included in a prospectus.
Conference papers on the topic "Obligations (law) – france"
1
Voizard, Patrice, Stefan Mayer, and Gerald Ouzounian. "Geological Repository for Nuclear High Level Waste in France From Feasibility to Design Within a Legal Framework." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7034.
Full textAbstract:
Over the past 15 years, the French program on deep geologic disposal of high level and long-lived radioactive waste has benefited from a clear legal framework as the result of the December 30, 1991 French Waste Act. To fulfil its obligations stipulated in this law, Andra has submitted the “Dossier 2005 Argile” (clay) and “Dossier 2005 Granite” to the French Government. The first of those reports presents a concept for the underground disposal of nuclear waste at a specific clay site and focuses on a feasibility study. Knowledge of the host rock characteristics is based on the investigations carried out at the Meuse/Haute Marne Underground Research Laboratory. The repository concept addresses various issues, the most important of which relates to the large amount of waste, the clay host rock and the reversibility requirement. This phase has ended upon review and evaluation of the “Dossier 2005” made by different organisations including the National Review Board, the National Safety Authority and the NEA International Review Team. By passing the “new”, June 28, 2006 Planning Act on the sustainable management of radioactive materials and waste, the French parliament has further defined a clear legal framework for future work. This June 28 Planning Act thus sets a schedule and defines the objectives for the next phase of repository design in requesting the submission of a construction authorization application by 2015. The law calls for the repository program to be in a position to commission disposal installations by 2025.
2
Opačić, Ana. "PROBLEM CHF KLAUZULE – OSNOV ZA RASKID ILI NIŠTAVOST." In 14 Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xivmajsko.181o.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper author deals with the question of monopoly position of banks leading to numerous violations of the Law on Obligations. The author points to the problem of using currency clauses in loan agreements with particular reference to the disputed indexed to the Swiss franc. Today, the topical question whether the disputed agreements challenged based on the reasons for cancellation or seek absolute futility. Skyrocketing these currencies were followed, and by some indications and additionally caused by the unlawful conduct of the banks that these loans placed. Today more than 20 000 users are pushed to the edge of existence execution on real estate and forced evictions have become a reality, which has been warned if the state does not actively participate in solving the problems in Serbia.
Reports on the topic "Obligations (law) – france"
1
Lewis, Dustin, Radhika Kapoor, and Naz Modirzadeh. Advancing Humanitarian Commitments in Connection with Countering Terrorism: Exploring a Foundational Reframing concerning the Security Council. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/uzav2714.
Full textAbstract:
The imperative to provide humanitarian and medical services on an urgent basis in armed conflicts is anchored in moral tenets, shared values, and international rules. States spend tens of billions of dollars each year to help implement humanitarian programs in conflicts across the world. Yet, in practice, counterterrorism objectives increasingly prevail over humanitarian concerns, often resulting in devastating effects for civilian populations in need of aid and protection in war. Not least, confusion and misapprehensions about the power and authority of States relative to the United Nations Security Council to set policy preferences and configure legal obligations contribute significantly to this trajectory. In this guide for States, we present a framework to reconfigure relations between these core commitments by assessing the counterterrorism architecture through the lens of impartial humanitarianism. We aim in particular to provide an evidence base and analytical frame for States to better grasp key legal and policy issues related to upholding respect for principled humanitarian action in connection with carrying out the Security Council’s counterterrorism decisions. We do so because the lack of knowledge regarding interpretation and implementation of counterterrorism resolutions matters for the coherence, integrity, and comprehensiveness of humanitarian policymaking and protection of the humanitarian imperative. In addition to analyzing foundational concerns and evaluating discernible behaviors and attitudes, we identify avenues that States may take to help achieve pro-humanitarian objectives. We also endeavor to help disseminate indications of, and catalyze, States’ legally relevant positions and practices on these issues. In section 1, we introduce the guide’s impetus, objectives, target audience, and structure. We also describe the methods that we relied on and articulate definitions for key terms. In section 2, we introduce key legal actors, sources of law, and the notion of international legal responsibility, as well as the relations between international and national law. Notably, Security Council resolutions require incorporation into national law in order to become effective and enforceable by internal administrative and judicial authorities. In section 3, we explain international legal rules relevant to advancing the humanitarian imperative and upholding respect for principled humanitarian action, and we sketch the corresponding roles of humanitarian policies, programs, and donor practices. International humanitarian law (IHL) seeks to ensure — for people who are not, or are no longer, actively participating in hostilities and whose needs are unmet — certain essential supplies, as well as medical care and attention for the wounded and sick. States have also developed and implemented a range of humanitarian policy frameworks to administer principled humanitarian action effectively. Further, States may rely on a number of channels to hold other international actors to account for safeguarding the humanitarian imperative. In section 4, we set out key theoretical and doctrinal elements related to accepting and carrying out the Security Council’s decisions. Decisions of the Security Council may contain (binding) obligations, (non-binding) recommendations, or a combination of the two. UN members are obliged to carry out the Council’s decisions. Member States retain considerable interpretive latitude to implement counterterrorism resolutions. With respect to advancing the humanitarian imperative, we argue that IHL should represent a legal floor for interpreting the Security Council’s decisions and recommendations. In section 5, we describe relevant conduct of the Security Council and States. Under the Resolution 1267 (1999), Resolution 1989 (2011), and Resolution 2253 (2015) line of resolutions, the Security Council has established targeted sanctions as counterterrorism measures. Under the Resolution 1373 (2001) line of resolutions, the Security Council has adopted quasi-“legislative” requirements for how States must counter terrorism in their national systems. Implementation of these sets of resolutions may adversely affect principled humanitarian action in several ways. Meanwhile, for its part, the Security Council has sought to restrict the margin of appreciation of States to determine how to implement these decisions. Yet international law does not demand that these resolutions be interpreted and implemented at the national level by elevating security rationales over policy preferences for principled humanitarian action. Indeed, not least where other fields of international law, such as IHL, may be implicated, States retain significant discretion to interpret and implement these counterterrorism decisions in a manner that advances the humanitarian imperative. States have espoused a range of views on the intersections between safeguarding principled humanitarian action and countering terrorism. Some voice robust support for such action in relation to counterterrorism contexts. A handful call for a “balancing” of the concerns. And some frame respect for the humanitarian imperative in terms of not contradicting counterterrorism objectives. In terms of measures, we identify five categories of potentially relevant national counterterrorism approaches: measures to prevent and suppress support to the people and entities involved in terrorist acts; actions to implement targeted sanctions; measures to prevent and suppress the financing of terrorism; measures to prohibit or restrict terrorism-related travel; and measures that criminalize or impede medical care. Further, through a number of “control dials” that we detect, States calibrate the functional relations between respect for principled humanitarian action and countering terrorism. The bulk of the identified counterterrorism measures and related “control dials” suggests that, to date, States have by and large not prioritized advancing respect for the humanitarian imperative at the national level. Finally, in section 6, we conclude by enumerating core questions that a State may answer to help formulate and instantiate its values, policy commitments, and legal positions to secure respect for principled humanitarian action in relation to counterterrorism contexts.