Academic literature on the topic 'Oblique Angle Deposition, Glancing Angle Deposition, Nano Structure, Physical Vapor Deposition'

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Journal articles on the topic "Oblique Angle Deposition, Glancing Angle Deposition, Nano Structure, Physical Vapor Deposition"

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Ott, Tobias, and Gerald Gerlach. "Morphological characterization and porosity profiles of tantalum glancing-angle-deposited thin films." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 9, no. 1 (2020): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-79-2020.

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Abstract. Glancing angle deposition (GLAD) is a physical vapor deposition (PVD) process using a substrate that rotates tilted at an angle to the evaporation source. Depending on the deposition conditions, it provides the controlled formation of regular nanostructures during the PVD process. As a result, a wide variety of shapes, such as spirals or vertical columns, can be easily fabricated in the nanometer range. For this reason, GLAD has already been proven reliable in the production of optical coatings with very low reflectance in a broad spectral range. This paper examines the morphology of tantalum nanostructures deposited on planar silicon substrates by electron beam evaporation. The prepared samples are characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) images at a breaking edge with respect to the layer structure and by focused ion beam (FIB) SEM images of the cross-sectional areas with respect to the porosity. The porosity can be used to model the optical properties of the thin film with the effective medium theory (EMT). Our work studies the relationship between the evaporation parameters (growth pitch and deposition angle) and thin film morphology of tantalum so that in future work the optical properties can be linked to the deposition parameters, which in turn can be chosen to achieve highly absorbent infrared radiation layers, e.g., for infrared sensors. It was shown that the porosity across the film thickness of both columnar and screw-like thin films is nearly constant, whereas the porosity profiles of spiral structures show a periodic pattern, the period of which seems to depend on the growth pitch.
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Yurukcu, Mesut, Fatma M. Yurtsever, Serkan Demirel, and Tansel Karabacak. "Conformality of PVD shell layers on GLAD-nanorods investigated by Monte Carlo simulations." MRS Advances 5, no. 43 (2020): 2241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.335.

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AbstractThe quality of the shell coating around nanorods is critical in device applications. Conventional physical vapor deposition (PVD) techniques can be utilized for highly conformal shell coating formation in core-shell structure devices. To identify scalable fabrication techniques for conformal shell coatings, Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of PVD growth were performed under different atomic flux distributions and angles on arrays of glancing angle deposition (GLAD) nanorods, which were also generated by MC simulations. We investigated the conformality of PVD films (shell) around GLAD rod arrays (core) and analyzed the thickness uniformity of the shell layer across the sidewalls of rods. Our results show that Angular Flux-Normal Angle (A-NAD), which might correspond to high-pressure sputter deposition at normal incidence (HIPS at θ = 0o) can generate better conformal shell coating compared to others. In Uniform Flux-Normal Angle technique (U-NAD), which corresponds to a thermal evaporation deposition, the growth suffers from poor sidewall coverage. In addition, introducing a small angle to the flux also improves the shell conformality. Therefore, high-pressure sputter deposition technique is expected to provide superior conformality for a catalyst or semiconductor coating around base nanorods, for example for fuel cell and solar cell applications, with the help of obliquely incident atoms of the HIPS flux.
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Jimenez, M. J. M., V. Antunes, S. Cucatti, et al. "Physical and micro-nano-structure properties of chromium nitride coating deposited by RF sputtering using dynamic glancing angle deposition." Surface and Coatings Technology 372 (August 2019): 268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.05.023.

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Parker, Thomas C., and John D. Demaree. "Development of High Temperature Optical Interference Filters." MRS Proceedings 1494 (2013): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.238.

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ABSTRACTOblique angle deposition (OAD) is a self-organizing physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique that has been used to grow sculpted 3D nanostructures including helices, slanted rods, and zigzag structures, and other shapes. OAD structures can be fabricated from virtually any material that can be deposited using PVD including: polymers, metals, semiconductors, oxides, and nitrides. The control over the nano-scale structural anisotropy of these materials allows one to tailor their electrical, magnetic, mechanical, crystalline, and optical properties. Through the careful design of the OAD structure and material selection this technique can be used to create photonic materials (1D, 2D, and 3D) with unique properties. We will discuss ongoing work using OAD to develop oxide thin film interference filters that can withstand extreme temperatures (800-1000° C) at mTorr vacuum levels, which are being developed for thermal photovoltaic applications.
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Keles, Filiz, Hilal Cansizoglu, Matthew Brozak, Emad Badraddin, and Tansel Karabacak. "Conformal core-shell nanostructured photodetectors with enhanced photoresponsivity by high pressure sputter deposition." MRS Advances 1, no. 28 (2016): 2045–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.317.

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ABSTRACTWorking gas pressure during sputter deposition can significantly affect the conformality of a thin film when it is grown on a nanostructured surface. In this study, we fabricated core-shell nanostructured photodetectors, where n-type In2S3 nanorod arrays (core) were coated with p-type CuInS2 (CIS) films (shell) at relatively low and high Ar gas pressures. In2S3 nanorods were prepared by glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique using a thermal evaporator unit. CIS films were deposited by RF sputtering at Ar pressures of 2.7x10-2 mbar (high pressure sputtering, HIPS) and 7.3x10-3 mbar (low pressure sputtering, LPS). The morphological characterization was carried out by means of SEM. The photocurrent measurement was conducted under 1.5 AM Sun under no bias. Nanostructured photodetectors of HIPS-CIS/GLAD-In2S3 (i.e. HIPS-GLAD) were shown to demonstrate enhanced photoresponse with a photocurrent value of 98 μA, which is about ∼230% higher than that of LPS-GLAD devices. The enhancement originates from the improved core-shell structure achieved by more conformal coating of the CIS shell. In addition, the results were compared to their counterpart thin-film devices incorporating an In2S3 film coated either with HIPS or LPS CIS layer. Nanorod devices with high and low pressure CIS films showed photocurrent values ∼20 times and ∼ 19 times higher compared to those of high and low pressure film devices, respectively. This finding can be explained by the higher light absorption property of nanorods, and the reduced inter-electrode distance as a result of core-shell structure, which allows the effective capture of the photo-generated carriers. Therefore, the results of this work can pave way to the development of high photoresponse core-shell semiconductor devices fabricated by physical vapor deposition techniques.
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Wang, Yin Bo, Yi Ling Chen, and Qing Rong Feng. "The Effect of Nano-Particles in Superconducting MgB2 Thin Films on Stainless Steel Substrates." Advanced Materials Research 530 (June 2012): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.530.62.

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We have fabricated several superconducting MgB2thin films on stainless steel substrates by using hybrid physical-chemical vapor deposition (HPCVD) in pure argon atmosphere. These films were observed by scanning electron microscopes (SEM) and used the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) to make elements analyses. The film thickness is about 800~1000 nm. There were some cracks on the film surface when the film is bent by different angle. The number of cracks and their width increased with the increasing bending angle. Nevertheless, the films were attached to the substrates firmly. It concludes that the superconducting MgB2thin films have great ductility and adhesion to the stainless steel substrates. We found in these films many granules about tens of nanometers in size. These nano-granules can balance both the inner structure and the surface activity of the MgB2crystal. This might be an important reason for the ductility observed with the superconducting thin films. The exact explanation depends on further research.
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Chen, Jiao, Mingrui Geng, Yuqin Li, Zhufang Yang, Yan Chai, and Guangyu He. "Erosion Resistance and Damage Mechanism of TiN/ZrN Nanoscale Multilayer Coating." Coatings 9, no. 2 (2019): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9020064.

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Ceramic coating is an effective method for improving the erosion resistance of a material, particularly for titanium alloys. In this study, a TiN/ZrN (ceramic/ceramic) nanoscale multilayer coating is designed and prepared on the Ti6Al4V titanium alloy surface by the physical vapor deposition (PVD) process. The cross-sectional microstructure and phase composition are measured using SEM and XRD, respectively. The hardness, elastic modulus, and adhesion of the coating are measured by the nano-indentation and scratch method. The erosion test is conducted at a 45° angle with 100 m/s velocity using self-developed erosion equipment. The erosion resistance mechanisms of both the substrate and the coating are revealed more intuitively through a single sand particle impact test. The results show that the erosion resistance rate of the coating is 15.5 times higher than that of the titanium alloy substrate. The damage mechanisms of material removal of the coating include crack deflection, crack branching, and succeeding interaction between them when suffering an impacting load. These cracks are started from the droplets and the stress concentrations on the coating surface during the preparation of coating. They are the primary reasons for the decrease in the erosion resistance of the coating. This research is important for the optimization of the erosion-resistant coating structure.
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Gontier, Arthur, J. Marae-Djouda, R. Caputo, et al. "Optical properties of gold nanorods macro-structure: a numerical study." Photonics Letters of Poland 9, no. 1 (2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i1.714.

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In this contribution, a numerical study of the optical properties of closely-packed gold nanorods was performed. The studied nano-objects are experimentally grown on a tilted polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate by using physical vapor deposition (PVD). This method creates nanorods tilted to a certain angle with respect to the substrate normal. This geometry allows exciting both transverse and longitudinal modes of the rods. As demonstrated in a previous experimental work, such PVD-grown nano-objects show promising possibilities both as strain gauges or strain-tunable metamaterials if fabricated on a stretchable dielectric substrate. This numerical study is based on experimental data from previous work and pushes further the subject by approaching an optimized nano-structure allowing better strain-sensitivity (particularly by changing the auto-organization of the said nanorods). Full Text: PDF ReferencesJ.W.M. Chon, C. Bullen, P. Zijlstra, M. Gu, "Spectral encoding on Gold Nanorods Doped in a Silica Sol?Gel Matrix and Its Application to High-Density Optical Data Storage", Adv. Funct. Mater. 17, 875 (2007). CrossRef C.-C. Chen, Y.-P. Lin, C.-W. Wang, H.-C. Tzeng, C.-H. Wu, Y.-C. Chen, C.-P. Chen, L.-C. Chen, Y.-C. Wu, "DNA?Gold Nanorod Conjugates for Remote Control of Localized Gene Expression by near Infrared Irradiation", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 3709 (2006). CrossRef J.N. Anker, W.P. Hall, O. Lyandres, N.C. Shah, J. Zhao, R.P. Van Duyne, "Biosensing with plasmonic nanosensors", Nat. Mater 7, 442 (2008). CrossRef B. Sepulveda, P.C. Angelome, L.M. Lechuga, L.M. Liz-Marzan?, "LSPR-based nanobiosensors", Nano Today 4, 244 (2009). CrossRef A. Haes, R.P. Van Duyne, "A Nanoscale Optical Biosensor: Sensitivity and Selectivity of an Approach Based on the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy of Triangular Silver Nanoparticles", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 10596 (2002). CrossRef J.C. Riboh, A.J. Haes, A.D. McFarland, C.R. Yonzon, R.P. Van Duyne, "A Nanoscale Optical Biosensor: Real-Time Immunoassay in Physiological Buffer Enabled by Improved Nanoparticle Adhesion", J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 1772 (2003). CrossRef C.R. Yonzon, E. Jeoung, S. Zou, G.C. Schatz, M. Mrksich, R.P. Van Duyne, "A Comparative Analysis of Localized and Propagating Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors: The Binding of Concanavalin A to a Monosaccharide Functionalized Self-Assembled Monolayer", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 12669 (2004). CrossRef A.J. Haes, L. Chang, W.L. Klein, R.P. Van Duyne, "Detection of a Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease from Synthetic and Clinical Samples Using a Nanoscale Optical Biosensor", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 2264 (2005). CrossRef R. Caputo, G. Palermo, M.Infusino L. De Sio, "Liquid Crystals as an Active Medium: Novel Possibilities in Plasmonics", Nanospectroscopy 1, 40 (2015). CrossRef T. Maurer, J. Marae-Djouda, U. Cataldi, A. Gontier, G. Montay, Y. Madi, B. Panicaud, D. Macias, P.-M. Adam, G. Lév?que, T. Bürgi, R. Caputo, "The beginnings of plasmomechanics: towards plasmonic strain sensors", Frontiers of Materials Science 9, 170 (2015). CrossRef X. Niu, S. P. Stagon, H. Huang, J.K. Baldwin, A. Misra, "Smallest Metallic Nanorods Using Physical Vapor Deposition", Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 136102 (2013). CrossRef Lumerical Solutions, Inc. DirectLink P.K. Jain, W. Huang, M.A.El-Sayed, "On the Universal Scaling Behavior of the Distance Decay of Plasmon Coupling in Metal Nanoparticle Pairs: A Plasmon Ruler Equation", Nanoletters 7, 2080 (2007). CrossRef P.K. Jain, M.A. El-Sayed, "Plasmonic coupling in noble metal nanostructures", Chem. Phys. Letters 487, 153 (2010). CrossRef
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Durdu, Salih. "Characterization, Bioactivity and Antibacterial Properties of Copper-Based TiO2 Bioceramic Coatings Fabricated on Titanium." Coatings 9, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9010001.

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The bioactive and anti-bacterial Cu-based bioceramic TiO2 coatings have been fabricated on cp-Ti (Grade 2) by two-steps. These two-steps combine micro-arc oxidation (MAO) and physical vapor deposition–thermal evaporation (PVD-TE) techniques for dental implant applications. As a first step, all surfaces of cp-Ti substrate were coated by MAO technique in an alkaline electrolyte, consisting of Na3PO4 and KOH in de-ionized water. Then, as a second step, a copper (Cu) nano-layer with 5 nm thickness was deposited on the MAO by PVD-TE technique. Phase structure, morphology, elemental amounts, thickness, roughness and wettability of the MAO and Cu-based MAO coating surfaces were characterized by XRD (powder- and TF-XRD), SEM, EDS, eddy current device, surface profilometer and contact angle goniometer, respectively. The powder- and TF-XRD spectral analyses showed that Ti, TiO2, anatase-TiO2 and rutile-TiO2 existed on the MAO and Cu-based MAO coatings’ surfaces. All coatings’ surfaces were porous and rough, owing to the presence of micro sparks through MAO. Furthermore, the surface morphology of Cu-based MAO was not changed. Also, the Cu-based MAO coating has more hydrophilic properties than the MAO coating. In vitro bioactivity and in vitro antibacterial properties of the coatings have been investigated by immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 36.5 °C for 28 days and bacterial adhesion for gram-positive (S. aureus) and gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria, respectively. The apatite layer was formed on the MAO and Cu-based MAO surfaces at post-immersion in SBF and therefore, the bioactivity of Cu-based MAO surface was increased to the MAO surface. Also, for S. aureus and E. coli, the antibacterial properties of Cu-based MAO coatings were significantly improved compared to one of the uncoated MAO surfaces. These results suggested that Cu-based MAO coatings on cp-Ti could be a promising candidate for biomedical dental implant applications.
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Lu, T. M., D. X. Ye, T. Karabacak, and G. C. Wang. "Physical Self-Assembly And Nano-Patterning." MRS Proceedings 849 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-849-kk8.4.

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AbstractIt is known that oblique angle deposition (or glancing angle deposition) can create 3D architectures that are otherwise difficult to produce using the conventional lithographic techniques. The technique relies on a self-assembly mechanism originated from a physical shadowing effect during deposition. In this paper we show examples of 3D nanostructures obtained by this oblique angle deposition on a templated substrate with regularly spaced pillar seeds. We show that common to this technique is the phenomenon of side-way growth on the seeds. The side-way growth leads to a fan-like structure at the initial stages of growth if the incident oblique angle is fixed during growth. Simulations based on a steering effect due to the attractive force between the incoming atom and the existing atoms on the surface produce a fanlike structure similar to that observed experimentally. We show that a two-phase substrate rotation scheme during deposition can dramatically reduce this fan-out effect and can lead to uniform and isolated columns.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Oblique Angle Deposition, Glancing Angle Deposition, Nano Structure, Physical Vapor Deposition"

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Grüner, Christoph. "Oblique Angle Deposition of Thin Films – Theory, Modelling, and Application." 2019. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A34667.

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With the aim to gain a deeper understanding of the role of the angle of incidence in physical vapor deposition, experimental, and computer-based studies were conducted. Electron beam evaporation and ion beam sputtering were used as deposition methods. The materials germanium, silicon, and molybdenum were deposited at different incidence angle, different temperatures and varied residual gas atmospheres. Established models could not be used to adequately explain the obtained relations between morphological parameters, as the tilt angle, with the incidence angle. To investigate the interplay of self-shadowing and competitive growth, an on-lattice simulation was developed. Care was taken to avoid any artificial anisotropy. Comparison with an, additionally developed, off-lattice simulation was used to verify this. Based on the made observations, an analytical model was deduced that combines the material properties and the deposition conditions into a single parameter. The predictions of this model were verified for the experimental observations, the results of the computer simulations, and on literature data. In the last part of the thesis, methods are shown that facilitate to modify the properties of the obliquely deposited thin films to fit requirements of various applications. This includes in situ doping of silicon nanostructures, creation of core-shell structures, as well as biochemical surface functionalization of silver nanostructures. On the example of the latter, various bio-sensing applications are presented.:1 MOTIVATION 7 2 BASIC CONCEPTS 9 2.1 Physical vapor deposition (PVD) 9 2.2 Deposition at oblique angles 14 2.3 Controlling the thin film morphology 16 3 EXPERIMENTAL METHODS 19 3.1 Sample preparation 19 3.2 Characterization techniques 32 4 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 37 4.1 Columnar structure and evolutionary selection 37 4.2 Tilt angles and density 42 4.3 Fan angles 45 4.4 Relevance of beam divergence 47 4.5 Summary 50 5 SIMULATION 53 5.1 Introduction 53 5.2 Off-lattice approach 54 5.3 On-lattice approach 59 5.4 Further applications of the on-lattice simulation 64 5.5 Other aspects 72 5.6 Summary 76 6 OBLIQUE ANGLE DEPOSITION MODEL 77 6.1 Semi-Empirical models 77 6.2 Tanto’s fan model 78 6.3 Development of the Competition Model 80 6.4 Verification of the model 84 6.5 Summary 89 7 FILM OPTIMIZATION FOR APPLICATIONS 91 7.1 Boron doped Si nanostructures 91 7.2 Surface functionalization for biosensors 95 7.3 Core-shell structures by pulsed electrodeposition 101 7.4 Summary 105 8 SUMMARY 107 9 BIBLIOGRAPHY 109 10 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 121 11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 123 APPENDIX 125 PUBLICATION LIST 131 SELBSTSTÄNDIGKEITSERKLÄRUNG 133<br>Mit dem Ziel ein besseres Verständnis des Einflusses des Einfallswinkels in der physikalischen Gasphasenabscheidung zu erreichen, wurden experimentell realisierte und am Computer simulierte Dünnschichten untersucht. Als Abscheidetechniken kamen sowohl Elektronenstrahl-Verdampfen als auch Ionenstrahl-Zerstäubung zum Einsatz. Es wurden die Materialien Germanium, Silicium und Molybdän verwendet, die bei verschiedenen Einfallswinkeln, verschiedenen Substrattemperaturen und variiertem Restgas abgeschieden wurden. Die beobachteten Zusammenhänge, von bspw. kolumnarer Verkippung und Einfallswinkel, konnten nicht mit den etablierten Modellen in Einklang gebracht werden. Um das genaue Zusammenspiel von Abschattung und Konkurrenz-Wachstum zu verstehen, wurde eine „on-lattice“ Computersimulation entwickelt, mit dem besonderen Augenmerk auf die Vermeidung von gitterbasierten Anisotropien. Dies wurde durch Vergleich mit einer, ebenfalls entwickelten, „off-lattice“ Simulation sichergestellt. Ausgehend von den beobachteten Effekten konnte ein analytisches Modell entwickelt werden, welches die Materialeigenschaften und Abscheidebedingungen in einen einzigen Parameter vereint. Die Vorhersagen des Modells wurden an den hergestellten Schichten, den Computersimulationen und an Literaturdaten verifiziert. Abschließend werden Methoden aufgezeigt, die schräg abgeschiedenen nanostrukturierten Schichten verschiedenen Anwendungen anzupassen. Dies umfasst die in situ Dotierung von Siliciumnanostrukturen, die Erzeugung von Kern-Schale-Strukturen, sowie die biochemische Oberflächenfunktionalisierung von Silbernanostrukturen. Am Beispiel der letztgenannten werden verschiedene Anwendungen in der Biosensorik detaillierter vorgestellt.:1 MOTIVATION 7 2 BASIC CONCEPTS 9 2.1 Physical vapor deposition (PVD) 9 2.2 Deposition at oblique angles 14 2.3 Controlling the thin film morphology 16 3 EXPERIMENTAL METHODS 19 3.1 Sample preparation 19 3.2 Characterization techniques 32 4 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 37 4.1 Columnar structure and evolutionary selection 37 4.2 Tilt angles and density 42 4.3 Fan angles 45 4.4 Relevance of beam divergence 47 4.5 Summary 50 5 SIMULATION 53 5.1 Introduction 53 5.2 Off-lattice approach 54 5.3 On-lattice approach 59 5.4 Further applications of the on-lattice simulation 64 5.5 Other aspects 72 5.6 Summary 76 6 OBLIQUE ANGLE DEPOSITION MODEL 77 6.1 Semi-Empirical models 77 6.2 Tanto’s fan model 78 6.3 Development of the Competition Model 80 6.4 Verification of the model 84 6.5 Summary 89 7 FILM OPTIMIZATION FOR APPLICATIONS 91 7.1 Boron doped Si nanostructures 91 7.2 Surface functionalization for biosensors 95 7.3 Core-shell structures by pulsed electrodeposition 101 7.4 Summary 105 8 SUMMARY 107 9 BIBLIOGRAPHY 109 10 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 121 11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 123 APPENDIX 125 PUBLICATION LIST 131 SELBSTSTÄNDIGKEITSERKLÄRUNG 133
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Conference papers on the topic "Oblique Angle Deposition, Glancing Angle Deposition, Nano Structure, Physical Vapor Deposition"

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Qu, Chuang, Dilan Ratnayake, Bruce Alphenaar, Shamus McNamara, and Kevin Walsh. "Fabrication of Nanochannels Using Glancing Angle Deposition With Line Seeds." In ASME 2020 15th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2020-8450.

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Abstract This paper presents the fabrication of nanochannels using glancing angle deposition (GLAD) with line seeds. GLAD is a bottom-up nanofabrication technique that creates nanometer-level features by the ballistic shadowing effect at oblique incident angles in physical vapor deposition (PVD) processes. GLAD exhibits the unique advantage to create 3D nanofeatures such as nanocolumns, helices, chevrons, and combinations, comparing to top-down nanonamufacturing techniques. Advanced seeding schemes allow GLAD to produce ordered nanostructure arrays. In this paper, we focus on studying the design rules of line seeds for GLAD, and the potential for creating nanochannels using GLAD nanoribbons grown from the line seeds. Unlike traditional one-dimensional (1D) point seeds, the cross-sectional profiles of line seeds have an important impact on the size and morphology of the nanoribbons. We demonstrated that line seeds with circular cross-sections and micrometer widths created from conventional photolithography can be used for creating ribbons with width less than 300 nm. The centimeter-long nanoribbons are used as nanotemplates for nanochannels. The process is compatible with various materials such as parylene C and silicon dioxide as the capping material, and rigid/flexible substrate choices for the nanochannels as well. The nanochannels created by GLAD with line seeds can potentially be used in nanofluidics, biological, and sensing applications.
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