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Journal articles on the topic 'Oblique plane of symmerty'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

KIM, KWANG YUL, ARTHUR G. EVERY, and WOLFGANG SACHSE. "DETERMINATION OF THE ELASTIC CONSTANTS OF ANISOTROPIC SOLIDS FROM GROUP VELOCITIES MEASURED IN SYMMETRY DIRECTIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 10, no. 02 (January 20, 1996): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979296000106.

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We present in this article a novel method of determining all three elastic constants of cubic crystals from a single broadband waveform propagating in the [001] direction. The method can be easily extended to media of orthorhombic symmetry whose symmetry plane quasitransverse (QT) group velocity sheet is folded across the symmetry axis. The usefulness of these formulas lies in providing a very convenient and easy method of determining all the elastic constants of a medium from the rays propagating in the principal symmetry directions of the medium. Particular emphasis is given to the so-called oblique-mode QT rays with group velocity lying along a symmetry axis but with wave normal lying away from that axis in a symmetry plane. Through the use of these oblique modes the need to make off-axis measurements to obtain a complete set of elastic constants is circumvented. Moreover, we describe a method of clarifying the ambiguity that arises; with which symmetry plane is the wave normal of an oblique-mode QT ray propagating in the symmetry axis associated. Further, we show how the effect of a finite rise time source can be corrected for in the determination of a mixed index elastic constant.

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2

MOZHAEV, V. G., F. BOSIA, and M. WEIHNACHT. "OBLIQUE ACOUSTIC AXES IN TRIGONAL CRYSTALS." Journal of Computational Acoustics 09, no. 03 (September 2001): 1147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218396x01001108.

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A general analysis on the subject of acoustic axes for bulk acoustic waves in trigonal crystals is presented. It is shown that the effect of piezoelectricity increases the maximum allowable number of acoustic axes in the plane of elastic symmetry from three to five for trigonal crystals of class 3m, and from 3 to 7 for trigonal crystals of class 32. The theory of acoustic axes of general orientation developed by Khatkevich (1962) is revised. A new, simpler and more general derivation of the conditions for the occurrence of acoustic axes of general orientation in crystals is presented. It is found that the previous analytical results and conclusions stating the absence of such axes in trigonal crystals are incorrect. New correct equations for acoustic axes of general orientation in trigonal nonpiezoelectric crystals are derived and confirmed by independent numerical calculations. Acoustic axes of general orientation oblique to the elastic symmetry planes are found to exist in berlinite (class 32) and in nonpiezoelectric lithium niobate (class 3m), however piezoelectricity eliminates these axes in the latter crystal. Some illustrative examples of the relationship between leaky surface acoustic wave branches and acoustic axes in trigonal crystals are given.

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3

Bolon, Brad. "Regulatory Forum Opinion Piece*: Effective Sectioning of Spinal Cord during Regulatory-type Nonclinical Toxicity Studies." Toxicologic Pathology 45, no. 5 (July 2017): 580–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623317720120.

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Regulatory guidelines for nonclinical neurotoxicity testing require spinal cord evaluation but do not specify a trimming scheme. The Society of Toxicologic Pathology (STP) “best practices” for nervous system sampling during nonclinical general toxicity studies recommend that spinal cord be assessed in both longitudinal/oblique and transverse sections. This article defines possible longitudinal/oblique orientations, describes their benefits and challenges, and provides an expert recommendation regarding suitable trimming planes. Longitudinal parasagittal (LP) sections follow a vertical plane just lateral to the midline, revealing sensory and motor tracts but little gray matter. Longitudinal horizontal sections transect only sensory or motor tracts and variable quantities of gray matter. Oblique vertical (OV) sections angle across the spinal cord from side to side. Oblique transverse (OT) sections slant through from top (dorsal [posterior]) to bottom (ventral [anterior]). Compared to longitudinal planes, oblique orientations demonstrate considerably more gray matter and white matter. Current STP “best practices” explicitly recommend the LP and OV options; the OT orientation also will yield suitable sections while permitting assessment of anatomic symmetry. Selection among the LP, OT, and OV planes should be at the discretion of the study pathologist. The bilaterally symmetrical OT sections likely will be analyzed most easily by nonneuropathologists.

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4

Yang, Jian Hui, Rong Ling Sun, Zheng Hao Yang, Xin Yang Lin, and Hai Cheng Niu. "Constitutive Relations of Concrete under Plane Stresses Based on Generalized Octahedral Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 342–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.342.

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Continuous (or generalized) octahedral element bodies can be obtained by intercepting a cube with three groups of failure (or yield) planes successively under true triaxial stress state, on which the stresses are twin stresses. Among the resulting polyhedral characteristic element bodies, isoclinal octahedron and orthogonal octahedron are of particular importance. Strength models of continuous octahedrons are then derived by stress analysis to arbitrary inclined sections in three dimensional stress space, and strain models by the principle of strain analysis, so the plane constitutive relations of concrete can be understood by plane problems transformed by stress-strain space according to the symmetry of an orthogonal octahedral octahedron where an arbitrary oblique plane is parallel to one of three rectangular coordinate axes.

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5

Deatherage, J. F., N. Q. Cheng, and B. Bullard. "Arrangement of filaments and cross-links in the bee flight muscle Z disk by image analysis of oblique sections." Journal of Cell Biology 108, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): 1775–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.108.5.1775.

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Information from oblique thin sections and from three-dimensional reconstructions of tilted, transverse thin sections (Cheng, N., and J. F. Deatherage. 1989. J. Cell Biol. 108:1761-1774) has been combined to determine the three-dimensional structure of the honeybee flight muscle Z disk at 70-A resolution. The overall symmetry and structure of the Z disk and its relationship to the rest of the myofibril have been determined by tracing filaments and connecting elements on electron images of oblique sections which have been enhanced by a local crystallographic averaging technique. In the three-dimensional structure, the connecting density between actin filaments can be described as five compact, crystallographically nonequivalent domains. Features C1 and C2 are located on the transverse twofold rotation axes in the central plane of the Z disk. They are associated with the sides of actin filaments of opposite polarity. Features C3, C4, and C5 are present in two symmetry-related sets which are located on opposite sides of the central plane. C3 and C5 are each associated with two filaments of opposite polarity, interacting with the side of one filament and the end of the other filament. C3 and C5 may be involved in stabilizing actin filament ends inside the Z disk. The location of the threefold symmetric connection C4, relative to the thick filament of the adjacent sarcomere, is determined and its possible relationship to the C filament is considered.

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6

Tan, Qingchang, Ying Kou, Jianwei Miao, Siyuan Liu, and Bosen Chai. "A Model of Diameter Measurement Based on the Machine Vision." Symmetry 13, no. 2 (January 25, 2021): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13020187.

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If the shaft diameter can be measured in-situ during the finishing process, the closed-loop control of the shaft diameter processing process can be realized and the machining accuracy can be improved. Present work studies the measurement of shaft diameter with the structured light system composed of a laser linear light source and a camera. The shaft is a kind of part with rotationally symmetric structure. When the linear structured light irradiates the surface of the shaft, a light stripe will be formed, and the light stripe is a part of the ellipse. Therefore, the in-situ measurement of the shaft diameter can be realized by the light stripe and the rotational symmetry of the shaft. The measurement model of shaft diameter is established by the ellipse formed by the intersection of the light plane and the measured shaft surface. Firstly, in the camera coordinate system, normal vector of the light plane and the coordinates of the ellipse center are obtained by the calibration; then, the equation of oblique elliptic cone is established by taking the ellipse as the bottom and the optical center of the camera as the top. Next, the measurement model of shaft diameter is obtained by the established oblique elliptic cone equation and theoretical image plane equation. Finally, the accuracy of the measurement model of shaft diameter is tested by the checkerboard calibration plate and a lathe. The test results show that the measurement model of shaft diameter is correct, and when the shaft diameter is 36.162mm, the speed is 1250r/min, the maximum average measurement error is 0.019mm. The measurement accuracy meets the engineering requirement.

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7

Zettlitzer, Michael, Heindirk tom Dieck, and Lutz Stamp. "Reaktionen N-silylierter Endiamine, I Übergangsmetallkomplexe von 1,3-Diaza-2-sila-4-cyclopentenen / Reactions of N-Silated Endiamines, I Transition Metal Complexes of 1,3-Diaza-2-sila-4-cyclopentenes." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 41, no. 10 (October 1, 1986): 1230–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1986-1008.

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Abstract1,3-Di̲aza-2-s̱ila-4-c̱yclopentenes 1 (DISC), which are electron-rich and easily oxidizable ole fins, form strongly coloured, but poorly soluble 1:1 adducts with cuprous halides, while silver trifluoromethylsulfonate oxidizes 1. Much more soluble and again strongly coloured complexes of stoichiometry LPdX2, (L)1.5PdX2 and L 2PdX2 are formed from 1 and palladium halides. The well-crystallizing adduct (PdCl2 · L)2 3a was chosen for an X-ray structure analysis (monoclinic, space group P2/c; a = 10.215(3), b = 14.681(3), c =23.642(5) Å , β = 101.31(2)°; Z = 8 ; R = 0.054), which revealed an almost planar DISC ligand in an oblique η2(C=C)-coordination relative to the π-plane. Structural data and rather peculiar spectroscopic properties encourage a comparison of 3a with complexes, in which an electron-rich olefin is split to give a bis(carbene) ligand system. The electronic reasons for the splitting of electron-rich olefins at d8 metals are discussed under symmetry considerations.

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8

Debarros, Fabien, Pierre Lemaître-Auger, Alysson Vasconcelos Gomes de Menezes, Romain Siragusa, Tan-Phu Vuong, Guy Eymin Petot Tourtollet, and Glauco Fontgalland. "Characterization of frequency-selective surface spatial filters in a rectangular waveguide." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 4, no. 1 (January 5, 2012): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078711001097.

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The possibility to characterize infinite and periodic frequency-selective surfaces (FSS) filters that have two orthogonal axes of symmetry inside a waveguide is reported. Thus, preliminary measurements can rapidly be obtained at low cost with few elementary cells instead of using a large FSS panel in free space. This is possible because of the equivalence that exists between the electromagnetic fields of two symmetric and oblique plane waves incident on and reflected from an infinite periodic surface and the incident/reflected fields that exist inside a single-mode rectangular waveguide containing a finite number of elementary cells. Comparisons of the measurements with some full-wave simulations for FSS belonging to the first three groups as they were defined by Munk confirm the good agreement between them. This is an interesting and simple assessment tool concerning the fabrication quality of FSS. The extension of this technique to non-symmetric FSS patterns is also discussed and supported by experimental and simulation results. The limitations of the technique are finally discussed.

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9

PESCH, W., D. PALANIAPPAN, J. TAO, and F. H. BUSSE. "Convection in heated fluid layers subjected to time-periodic horizontal accelerations." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 596 (January 17, 2008): 313–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112007009457.

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A theoretical study is presented of convection in a horizontal fluid layer heated from below or above which is periodically accelerated in its plane. The analysis is based on Galerkin methods as well as on direct numerical simulations of the underlying Boussinesq equations.Shaking in a fixed direction breaks the original isotropy of the layer. At onset of convection and at small acceleration, we find longitudinal rolls, where the roll axis aligns parallel to the acceleration direction. With increasing acceleration amplitude, a shear instability takes over and transverse rolls with the axis perpendicular to the shaking direction nucleate at onset. In the nonlinear regime, the longitudinal rolls become unstable against transverse modulations very close to onset which leads to a kind of domain chaos between patches of symmetry degenerated oblique rolls.In the case of circular shaking, the system is isotropic in the time average sense, however, with a broken chiral symmetry. The onset of convection corresponds to the transverse roll case studied before with the roll axis selected spontaneously. With increasing Rayleigh number, a heteroclinic cycle is observed with the roll changing its orientation periodically in time. At even higher Rayleigh number, this heteroclinic cycle becomes chaotic similarly to the case of the Küppers–Lortz instability.

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10

Babaei, Reza, Shokoofe Goli-Haghighi, and Hadi Savaloni. "Detection of overtone and combined peaks using Mn/Cu helical star-shaped (pine-tree-like) sculptured thin films in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics 13, no. 4 (September 9, 2019): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40094-019-00348-2.

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Abstract Mn helical star-shaped (pine-tree-like) nano-sculptured thin films with three-, four-and fivefold symmetry on copper substrates were produced using oblique angle deposition method in conjunction with rotation of sample holder at certain angles. Raman spectroscopy of the samples which were subjected to impregnation by 4,4′-bipyridine (C10H8N2) solution was carried out by 632.8 nm wavelength laser. The analysis of the Raman spectra showed enhancement for the 4,4′-bipyridine main bands (1592 and 1297 cm−1) belonging to the C=C stretching mode, aromatic ring stretching ring and in-plane ring mode of 4,4′-bipyridine, same as results obtained for Ag nano-structures. In addition, overtone and combined peaks are detected that may be related to the particular sculptured structure of the thin films fabricated in this work and the laser wavelength used for Raman spectroscopy. UV–Vis (absorption mode) spectra showed consistent observations with the SERS results leading to important role of surface electromagnetic selection rule in intensification of SERS, in addition pointing out the importance of the effect of the size of hot spots on the frequency of the localized surface plasmonic oscillations.

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11

Glagolevskij, Yu V. "Search for Magnetic Stars at Early Stages of Evolution." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 137 (1993): 669–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100018625.

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Young stars, as a rule, are too faint for measurements of magnetic field either by photographic method with the use of Zeeman analizer, or photoelectrically from hydrogen lines. That is why it is necessary to look for indirect ways of magnetic field detection, for example, by measurement of polarization. Ae/Be Herbig stars without a magnetic field are surrounded by a gaseous envelope in the form of a globe or a spheroid, flattened along the rotational axes (as dependent on stellar rotation velocity), and also by a gaseous-dust accretion disc in the plane of equator. There are powerful flows in gaseous envelopes of stars, connected with mass loss and accretion. If a star is a magnetic oblique rotator (as a magnetic star of the Main Sequence), then the gaseous envelope may acquire the shape of alon-gated ellipsoid with the major axes coincident with that of dipole (Dolginov et al., 1979). From the poles there arises a jet flow controlled by a magnetic field, as in He-r and He-w stars, having already reached the Main Sequence (Barker et al., 1982). Calculations show (Dolginov et al., 1979), that maximum polarization in the extended envelope p ≈ 4% arises when the ratio of ellipsoid axes is ≈ 2.5b. The electric vector of the dominating oscillation of the light wave is perpendicular to the plane through the axis of symmetry of the ellipsoid and the line of sight. Naturally, the magnetosphere rotates together with the star, involving the gaseous envelope, resulting in the variation of the degree and direction of polarization. Additional polarization is created by the polar jets, where the direction of the dominating oscillations of the electric vector is perpendicular to the axis of the polar stream, and value of maximal polarization may reach 5% along the beam.

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12

Graf, W., and R. Baker. "The vestibuloocular reflex of the adult flatfish. I. Oculomotor organization." Journal of Neurophysiology 54, no. 4 (October 1, 1985): 887–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1985.54.4.887.

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The flatfish species constitute a natural paradigm for investigating adaptive changes in the vertebrate central nervous system. During metamorphosis all species of flatfish experience a 90 degree change in orientation between their vestibular and extraocular coordinate axes. As a result, the optic axes of both eyes maintain their orientation with respect to earth horizontal, but the horizontal semicircular canals become oriented vertically. Since the flatfish propels its body with the same swimming movements when referenced to the body as a normal fish, the horizontal canals are exposed to identical accelerations, but in the flatfish these accelerations occur in a vertical plane. The appropriate compensatory eye movements are simultaneous rotations of both eyes forward or backward (i.e., parallel), in contrast to the symmetric eye movements in upright fish (i.e., one eye moves forward, the other backward). Therefore, changes in the extraocular muscle arrangement and/or the neuronal connectivity are required. This study describes the peripheral and central oculomotor organization in the adult winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus. At the level of the peripheral oculomotor apparatus, the sizes of the horizontal extraocular muscles (lateral and medial rectus) were considerably smaller than those of the vertical eye muscles, as quantified by fiber counts and area measurements of cross sections of individual muscles. However, the spatial orientations and the kinematic characteristics of all six extraocular muscles were not different from those described in comparable lateral-eyed animals. There were no detectable asymmetries between the left and the right eye. Central oculomotor organization was investigated by extracellular horseradish peroxidase injections into individual eye muscles. Commonly described distributions of extraocular motor neurons in the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nuclei were found. These motor neuron pools consisted of two contralateral (superior rectus and superior oblique) and four ipsilateral populations (inferior oblique, inferior rectus, medial rectus, and lateral rectus). The labeled cells formed distinct motor neuron populations, which overlapped little. As expected, the numbers of labeled motoneurons differed in horizontal and vertical eye movers. The numerical difference was especially prominent in comparing the abducens nucleus with one of the vertical recti subdivisions. Nevertheless, there was bilateral symmetry between the motoneurons projecting to the left and right eyes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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13

Frankel, I., and D. Weihs. "Hydrodynamic theory of glancing impact." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 216 (July 1990): 213–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112090000404.

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Penetration of high-speed targets, such as missiles or satellites, involves a glancing impact resulting from the velocities of the target and the projectile not necessarily being parallel to one another. Glancing is different from oblique impact in that here the target is in lateral motion relative to the projectile (at speeds that may be comparable).The effect of the transverse motion of the target on the penetration performance is analysed by means of a hydrodynamic model. As is usually done, both the projectile and target materials are taken to behave as ideal fluids, owing to the large stresses obtained upon impact. A complete description of the flow field is obtained for the planar case, making use of a transformation to the hodograph plane. Owing to the lack of symmetry, the solution is obtained indirectly from the known solution for asymmetrically impinging jets, obtaining a determinate solution by a limit process where the jet representing the target fluid becomes infinitely wide.The variations of the rate of penetration and the streamline pattern with the respective ratios of target to projectile speeds and densities are studied. It is found that the relative lateral motion of the target causes a decrease in the rate of penetration (in comparison to normal impact). The analysis is utilized to obtain an estimate for the total depth of penetration (relative to the projectile width). Comparison with experimental data of yawed impact available in the open literature shows good agreement with the theoretical predictions when the latter are modified to account for the deceleration of a finite-length projectile.

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14

Wu, Kexin, and Heuy Dong Kim. "Numerical study on the shock vector control in a rectangular supersonic nozzle." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 233, no. 13 (March 8, 2019): 4943–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410019834133.

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In recent decades, the fluidic thrust vector control technique is one of the core strategies to redirect various aerospace vehicles, such as modern launch rockets, supersonic aircraft, and guided missiles. The fundamental theory of the shock vector control is that the gas is injected into the supersonic part of a conventional convergent–divergent nozzle from the transverse to cause interactions between the shock waves and boundary layers. Then, the deflection of the primary jet can be easily realized by the induced oblique shock waves. It was evident that the shock vector control is a very simple, low weight, low cost, and quick vectoring response technique to gain high thrust vectoring performance. In the present work, computational fluid dynamics studies were performed at different control parameters in a three-dimensional rectangular supersonic nozzle with the slot injector. For the validation of the numerical methodology, computational results were compared with experimental data referred to the NASA Langley Research Center. The static pressure distributions along the upper and lower nozzle surfaces in the symmetry plane were matched with the test data excellently. Numerical simulations were based on the well-assessed shear stress transport k–ω turbulence model. Second-order accuracy was selected to reveal more details of the flow-field as much as possible. Lots of factors were investigated, such as the momentum flux ratio, length-to-width ratio, injection location, and injection angle. The performance variations for different affecting factors were illustrated and some constructive conclusions were obtained to provide the reference for further investigations in fluidic thrust vector control field.

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15

Hoffmann, Maximilian, and Benjamin Judkewitz. "Diffractive oblique plane microscopy." Optica 6, no. 9 (September 3, 2019): 1166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/optica.6.001166.

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16

Ignatenko, V. F. "Algebraic surfaces with an infinite set of planes of oblique symmetry. II." Journal of Mathematical Sciences 69, no. 1 (March 1994): 854–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01250814.

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17

Ignatenko, V. F. "Algebraic surfaces with an infinite set of planes of oblique symmetry. I." Journal of Soviet Mathematics 59, no. 2 (April 1992): 724–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01097170.

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18

Ignatenko, V. F. "Special algebraic surfaces with an infinite set of planes of oblique symmetry." Journal of Soviet Mathematics 53, no. 5 (February 1991): 498–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01109650.

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19

Hamilton, Duncan Lee, Baskar P. Manickam, Matthew A. J. Wilson, and Eiman Abdel Meguid. "External oblique fascial plane block." Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine 44, no. 4 (January 11, 2019): 528–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2018-100256.

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20

Henriksen, R. N., and Catherine F. Westbury. "Plane, relativistic, oblique shock fronts." Astrophysical Journal 327 (April 1988): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/166168.

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21

Gribovsky, A., and O. Yeliseyev. "Spatial modifications of three-dimensional elliptic Gaussian beam scattered by two-dimensional periodic array." Advanced Electromagnetics 1, no. 1 (June 4, 2012): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v1i1.8.

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The diffraction problem of a three-dimensional elliptic p- polarized Gaussian beam on an aperture array of rectangular holes is solved. The new algorithm for the solution of three-dimensional scattering problems of linearly polarized wave beams on two-dimensional periodic structures is offered. The given algorithm allows exploring of wave beams with any allocation of a field on cross section. The case of oblique incidence of linearly polarized elliptic Gaussian wave beam on two-dimensional periodic structure is viewed. As structure the rectangular waveguides phased antenna array is chosen. The elliptic shape of a beam cross section gives the chance to proportion energy of an incident field in a plane of an antenna array in the chosen direction. The frequency dependence of the reflection coefficient intensity for the Gaussian beam is calculated. For the analysis of patterns of the reflected and transmitted beams in a far zone the frequencies on which the strongest interaction between next waveguides channels is observed have been chosen. Dynamics of patterns transformation of the reflected and transmitted beams depending on the form of cross-section and a polarization direction of an incident beam on different frequencies is investigated. It is determined that shape of the pattern of reflected and transmitted beams (symmetry, asymmetry, bifurcation, amplitude, width) depends on chosen spatial orientation of the ellipse axes of the cross section in the incident beam. Frequency ranges, in which the form of the reflected and transmitted beams is not Gaussian, are defined. The nature of transformation of the patterns of scattered beams was examined. Narrowing effect of the pattern of transmitted beam and deformation of the pattern of reflected beam is detected. A physical explanation of these effects is given. The results are presented in the form of two- and three-dimensional patterns of the scattered field of beams in the far field.

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22

Akashi, Muhammad, and Noam Soker. "Shaping planetary nebulae with jets in inclined triple stellar systems." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 12, S323 (October 2016): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392131700196x.

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AbstractWe conduct three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of two opposite jets launched obliquely to the orbital plane around an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star and within its dense wind, and demonstrate the formation of a ‘messy’ planetary nebula (PN), namely, a PN lacking any type of symmetry (highly irregular). In building the initial conditions we assume that a tight binary system orbits the AGB star, and that the orbital plane of the tight binary system is inclined to the orbital plane of binary system and the AGB star. We further assume that the accreted mass onto the tight binary system forms an accretion disk around one of the stars, and that the plane of the disk is in between the two orbital planes. The highly asymmetrical lobes that we obtain support the notion that messy PNe might be shaped by triple stellar systems.

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23

Sparks, Hugh, Lucas Dent, Chris Bakal, Axel Behrens, Guillaume Salbreux, and Chris Dunsby. "Dual-view oblique plane microscopy (dOPM)." Biomedical Optics Express 11, no. 12 (November 18, 2020): 7204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/boe.409781.

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24

Dunsby, C. "Optically sectioned imaging by oblique plane microscopy." Optics Express 16, no. 25 (November 24, 2008): 20306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.16.020306.

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25

Mankbadi, Reda R., Xuesong Wu, and Sang Soo Lee. "A critical-layer analysis of the resonant triad in boundary-layer transition: nonlinear interactions." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 256 (November 1993): 85–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112093002721.

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A systematic theory is developed to study the nonlinear spatial evolution of the resonant triad in Blasius boundary layers. This triad consists of a plane wave at the fundamental frequency and a pair of symmetrical, oblique waves at the subharmonic frequency. A low-frequency asymptotic scaling leads to a distinct critical layer wherein nonlinearity first becomes important, and the critical layer's nonlinear, viscous dynamics determine the development of the triad.The plane wave initially causes double-exponential growth of the oblique waves. The plane wave, however, continues to follow the linear theory, even when the oblique waves’ amplitude attains the same order of magnitude as that of the plane wave. However, when the amplitude of the oblique waves exceeds that of the plane wave by a certain level, a nonlinear stage comes into effect in which the self-interaction of the oblique waves becomes important. The self-interaction causes rapid growth of the phase of the oblique waves, which causes a change of the sign of the parametric-resonance term in the oblique-waves amplitude equation. Ultimately this effect causes the growth rate of the oblique waves to oscillate around their linear growth rate. Since the latter is usually small in the nonlinear regime, the net outcome is that the self-interaction of oblique waves causes the parametric resonance stage to be followed by an ‘oscillatory’ saturation stage.

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ZIEGLER, FRANZ. "ACOUSTIC EMISSION FROM PLASTIC SOURCES." Journal of Computational Acoustics 09, no. 04 (December 2001): 1329–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218396x01001182.

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Monitoring of structures which may be subjected to overloads can be based on observing signals emitted in the course of developing defects. Ductile structures react on overloads by the formation of (small scale) plastic zones. Within the linear elastic background concept such an event is considered by the formation of sources of eigenstress. Since a direct description of the source characteristics is rather cumbersome we choose the time convolution of the imposed plastic strains with the complementary Green's stress dyadic to describe the signal of the acoustice mission. Thus, the dynamic generalization of Maysel's formula of thermo-elasticity, to include all kinds of eigenstrains, enters the field of computational acoustics. In that context, the novel contribution of this paper to acoustic emission and monitoring of (layered) structures is the formulation of the full 3-D problems and the introduction of the generalized rays in the background considering an instantaneous oblique force point source at the transducer's location. That means, all the information on the wave guide is contained in the Green's stress dyadic. The expansion into plane waves of cylindrical or spherical waves propagating in a layered elastic half-space or plate proves to be quite efficient for short observation times. Even the divergence effects of dipping interfaces of wedge-type layers are perfectly included by proper coordinate rotations and the exact "seismograms" are observed at a point receiver (where the localized plastic source is assumed to develop, commonly buried and often localized at an interface) from any source located at the hypo center (the site of the transducer in receiving mode, commonly placed at the "outer" surface). This nontrivial technique relies on the invariance of the phase function (arrival time) and of the infinitesimal amplitude of the plane waves in the ray expansion. The concept of the elastic background is illustrated by elastic-viscoplastic waves propagating in thin rods and subsequently extended to the 3-D problem of spherical waves with point symmetry. In that context and in an incremental formulation, the notion of plastic sources is introduced, which emit elastic waves in the background. Finally, the full 3-D problem in a layered half space or layered plate is solved in terms of generalized rays to be received at a transducer in receiving mode. Taking into account the progress in symbolic manipulation with integrated numeric capabilities (e.g., of Mathematica), such a formulation seems timely and may prove to be competitive to the entirely computational Finite Element Method of analysis of signals received from plastic sources. Time signatures of Green's displacement components at the surface of a half-space are illustrated when produced by a vertical, horizontal and inclined line load with a triangular time source function, respectively.

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27

XU, JI-HAI, YONG REN, and C. S. TING. "GINZBURG–LANDAU THEORY OF A d-WAVE SUPERCONDUCTOR WITH MASS ANISOTROPY — PAIRING SYMMETRY AND VORTEX STRUCTURES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 10, no. 22 (October 10, 1996): 2699–721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979296001203.

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YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 (YBCO) exhibits a large anisotropy between the a (or y) and b (or x) axes in the CuO2 planes. This anisotropy can be modeled by introducing an anisotropic mass parameter λ = mx /my. Assuming a d-wave pairing interaction together with a repulsive on-site Coulomb interaction, we developed a Ginzburg–Landau theory for a d-wave superconductor with mass anisotropy in the presence of a magnetic field. We show that the order parameter always has s + d symmetry. The vortex structures for λ = 1 and λ > 1 have been numerically studied. For high T c cuprates with tetragonal structure (λ = 1), the vortex shows a four-fold symmetry and the vortex lattice may have oblique or triangular structure depending on the strength of the applied magnetic field, temperature, and the other parameters. For YBCO we choose λ = 2, the single vortex has an elliptic shape, and the vortex lattice always shows an oblique structure. All these results are in good agreement with experimental measurements.

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28

Giuffré, Sofia. "The nonlinear oblique derivative problem in the plane." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series I - Mathematics 325, no. 10 (November 1997): 1081–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0764-4442(97)88709-5.

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29

Smith, C. W., E. J. Botcherby, and T. Wilson. "Resolution of oblique-plane images in sectioning microscopy." Optics Express 19, no. 3 (January 27, 2011): 2662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.19.002662.

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30

Yenerich, David O., and Victor M. Haughton. "Oblique Plane MR Imaging of the Cervical Spine." Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 10, no. 5 (September 1986): 823–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004728-198609000-00022.

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31

Ignatenko, V. F. "The equation of a special algebraic surface with an infinite set of planes of oblique symmetry." Journal of Mathematical Sciences 72, no. 4 (December 1994): 3178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01249515.

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32

ELOFSSON, PER A., and P. HENRIK ALFREDSSON. "An experimental study of oblique transition in plane Poiseuille flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 358 (March 10, 1998): 177–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112097008288.

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Interactions of oblique waves have recently been investigated theoretically and numerically and found to give rise to rapid transition in flows subcritical to linear wave disturbances. The transition scenario consists of the formation and transient growth of streamwise streaks of high and low velocity and later a rapid growth of high-frequency disturbances leading to breakdown. The present study is the first extensive experimental investigation of oblique transition. The experiments were carried out in a plane Poiseuille flow air channel in which the oblique waves were generated, one at each wall, by vibrating ribbons and the development of the flow was mapped with hot-wire anemometry. The experiments consist both of low- and high-amplitude wave disturbances; in both cases streaky structures are created. For the low-amplitude case these structures decay, whereas for the high amplitude the flow goes towards breakdown. This study has confirmed and extended previous theoretical and numerical results showing that oblique transition may be an important transition scenario.

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33

Gu, Ji Ren, Ji Lin Guo, Tian Rui Zhou, and Jian Zhang. "How to Apply the Principle of Projection Transformation to Deduce the Segment’s Real Length in the Right-Angled Triangle." Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (September 2013): 1774–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.1774.

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The problems of measurement such as real length and real shape are often met in solving practical engineering problems.The method of changing plane which is used to simplify the problem is researched how to change the relative position of the geometric elements relative to the projective plane in the space. In practical applications,we need to use the method of projection to solve the real length of oblique line and the angle between the oblique line and projective plane.

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34

RAJARATNAM, N., O. ADERIBIGBE, and D. POCHYLKO. "EROSION OF SAND BEDS BY OBLIQUE PLANE WATER JETS." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Water Maritime and Energy 112, no. 1 (March 1995): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/iwtme.1995.27391.

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35

Wang, Shen-Yun, and Shao-Bin Liu. "Simplified triangular ground plane cloak by oblique multilayer dielectrics." Chinese Physics B 21, no. 4 (April 2012): 044102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/21/4/044102.

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36

Ganci, Salvatore. "Half-plane diffraction in a case of oblique incidence." Journal of Modern Optics 43, no. 12 (December 1996): 2543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500349608230680.

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37

Kellman, Peter, J. Andrew Derbyshire, and Elliot R. McVeigh. "Automatic in-plane rotation for doubly-oblique cardiac imaging." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 18, no. 5 (October 20, 2003): 612–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.10398.

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38

Hebbard, Peter D., Michael J. Barrington, and Carolyn Vasey. "Ultrasound-Guided Continuous Oblique Subcostal Transversus Abdominis Plane Blockade." Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 35, no. 5 (September 2010): 436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aap.0b013e3181e66702.

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39

Gendugov, V. M., V. L. Natyaganov, and A. A. Chaĭka. "Oblique impact of a cylindrical jet on a plane." Doklady Physics 55, no. 8 (August 2010): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1028335810080094.

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40

Hamilton, Duncan Lee, and Baskar P. Manickam. "Clinical application of the external oblique fascial plane block." Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 61 (May 2020): 109644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinane.2019.109644.

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41

Cooper, Anthony Philip, Saif Salih, Carolyn Geddis, Patrick Foster, James A. Fernandes, and Sanjeev S. Madan. "The oblique plane deformity in slipped capital femoral epiphysis." Journal of Children's Orthopaedics 8, no. 2 (March 2014): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11832-014-0559-2.

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42

Tooke, R. M., M. G. Blyth, and P. W. Hammerton. "Oscillatory oblique stagnation-point flow towards a plane wall." Acta Mechanica 223, no. 3 (November 20, 2011): 449–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00707-011-0578-8.

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43

Ly, H. C., and R. G. Rojas. "EM plane-wave diffraction by a material-coated perfectly conducting half-plane- oblique incidence." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 7, no. 6 (April 20, 1994): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.4650070603.

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44

Maitra, Souvik, Sulagna Bhattacharjee, and Dalim K. Baidya. "Comparison of long-, short-, and oblique-axis approaches for ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein cannulation: A network meta-analysis." Journal of Vascular Access 21, no. 2 (August 18, 2019): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1129729819868927.

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Background: Comparison between various approaches of ultrasound (USG)-guided internal jugular vein cannulation, that is, short-axis out-of-plane approach, long-axis in-plane approach, and oblique-axis approach, is sparse. In this network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, all three approaches were evaluated to identify the best technique for USG-guided internal jugular vein cannulation. Methods: Randomized controlled trials comparing short-axis out-of-plane approach, long-axis in-plane approach, and oblique-axis approach in any combination (i.e. comparison of any two or all three) for USG-guided internal jugular vein cannulation were included in this meta-analysis. Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted with a non-informative prior effect size and heterogeneity, and all results were reported as posterior median odds ratio with 95% credible interval. Results: Data of 658 patients from five randomized controlled trials were included in this meta-analysis. No difference was obtained in first attempt success rate of cannulation in three approaches (posterior median odds ratio between long-axis and short-axis view, oblique-axis and short-axis view, and long-axis and oblique-axis view were 0.67 (0.20, 2.08), 0.92 (0.09, 4.790), and 1.3420 (0.1680, 6.7820), respectively). No difference was seen in the incidence of carotid artery puncture and overall success rate of cannulation. Conclusion: All three commonly used approaches for USG-guided internal jugular vein cannulation, that is, short axis, long axis, and oblique axis, are comparable in terms of clinical utility and safety. There is insufficient evidence to recommend one approach over another for this purpose.

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45

Wu, Xuesong. "On an active resonant triad of mixed modes in symmetric shear flows: a plane wake as a paradigm." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 317 (June 25, 1996): 337–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112096000778.

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In this paper, we identify a new type of resonant triad which operates in a parallel or nearly parallel shear flow with a symmetric profile. The triad consists of a planar sinuous mode, an oblique sinuous mode and an oblique varicose mode, but is not of the usual subharmonic-resonance form. The development of the triad is studied in the non-equilibrium critical-layer régime. The equations governing the evolution of the modes are derived. We show that the quadratic resonance can significantly enhance the growth of both the oblique sinuous and varicose modes, and may cause them to grow super-exponentially. This can lead to a subsequent stage in which the oblique sinuous mode produces a back reaction on the oblique varicose mode through a phase-locked interaction, causing both oblique modes to evolve even more rapidly. We suggest that the resonant triad is a viable mechanism for the development of three-dimensional structures and varicose components observed in the later stage of plane wake transition.

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46

She, Wei, Hong Li, Guo Qing Yu, and Rui Deng. "Two-Stage Constructing Hyper-Plane for Each Test Node of Decision Tree." Applied Mechanics and Materials 26-28 (June 2010): 776–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.26-28.776.

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How to construct the “appropriate” split hyper-plane in test nodes is the key of building decision trees. Unlike a univariate decision tree, a multivariate (oblique) decision tree could find the hyper-plane that is not orthogonal to the features’ axes. In this paper, we re-explain the process of building test nodes in terms of geometry. Based on this, we propose a method of learning the hyper-plane with two stages. The tree (TSDT) induced in this way keeps the interpretability of univariate decision trees and the trait of multivariate decision trees which could find oblique hyper-plane. The tests of the impact of Combination methods tell us that TSDT based combination algorithm is much better than other tree based combination methods in accuracy.

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47

Duszczyk, B., S. Kosinski, and Z. Wesolowski. "Reflection of oblique shock waves in incompressible elastic solids." Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society. Series B. Applied Mathematics 27, no. 1 (July 1985): 31–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0334270000004744.

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AbstractUsing a semi-inverse method proposed by Wright the reflection of a finite elastic plane shock wave at a plane boundary of a special elastic incompressible material is examined. Three types of boundary conditions are considered. In the case of frictionless-rigid boundary the reflected wave is a single simple wave. For clamped boundary the solution indicates a possibility of irregular reflection as well. There is no reflection solution in the case of a free boundary.

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48

Miao, Shuai, Xiuli Wang, Lan Zou, Ye Zhao, Guanglei Wang, Yuepeng Liu, and Su Liu. "Safety and efficacy of the oblique-axis plane in ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein puncture: A meta-analysis." Journal of International Medical Research 46, no. 7 (April 5, 2018): 2587–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060518765344.

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Objective This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the oblique-axis plane in ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein puncture. Methods We searched Embase, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure for relevant randomized clinical trials comparing the oblique axis with the short axis in ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein puncture. Results Five randomized clinical trials were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled meta-analysis showed that the incidence of arterial puncture in the oblique-axis group was significantly lower than that in the short-axis group. No significant difference was found in the first-pass success rate between the oblique-axis group and short-axis group. Additionally, there were no significant differences in the puncture success rate or number of attempts required between the two groups. Conclusion Ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein puncture using the oblique-axis plane reduced the risk of arterial puncture, but no difference was found in the first-pass success rate, puncture success rate, or number of attempts required.

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49

Juliano, A. F., E. Y. Ting, V. Mingkwansook, L. M. Hamberg, and H. D. Curtin. "Vestibular Aqueduct Measurements in the 45 Oblique (Po schl) Plane." American Journal of Neuroradiology 37, no. 7 (March 24, 2016): 1331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.a4735.

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50

Ma Chuntao, 马春桃, 罗红心 Luo Hongxin, 王劼 Wang Jie, and 宋丽 Song Li. "Surface Error Measurement of Plane Mirrors Based on Oblique Incidence." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 48, no. 7 (2011): 071201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop48.071201.

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